Seepage investigations were conducted annually by the U.S. Geological Survey from 1988 to 1998 and from 2004 to 2013 along a 64-mile reach of the Rio Grande from below Leasburg Dam, Leasburg, New Mexico, to above American Dam, El Paso, Texas, as part of the Mesilla Basin monitoring program. Results of studies conducted from 2006 to 2013 are presented in this report. Seepage investigations were conducted over a period of 1–2 days in February of each year, during low-flow conditions in the non-irrigation season. During the seepage investigations, discharge was measured at as many as 24 sites along the Rio Grande and as many as 20 inflow sites within the study reach.
\nNet seepage gain or loss was computed for each subreach by subtracting the discharge measured at the upstream location from the discharge measured at the closest downstream location along the river and then subtracting any inflow to the river within the subreach. An estimated gain or loss was determined to be significant when it exceeded the cumulative measurement uncertainty associated with the net seepage computation. Study reaches during 2006 to 2013 ranged from 20.2 to 64 miles in length, and seepage losses ranged from 8.2 ± 3.1 to 47.9 ± 8.2 cubic feet per second.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131233","usgsCitation":"Crilley, D., Matherne, A., Thomas, N., and Falk, S., 2013, Seepage investigations of the Rio Grande from below Leasburg Dam, Leasburg, New Mexico, to above American Dam, El Paso, Texas, 2006-13: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1233, Report: viii, 34 p.; Tables 1-10 and Appendix 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131233.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 34 p.; Tables 1-10 and Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"45","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278422,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1233/downloads/of2013-1233_Tables1-10_App1.xlsx"},{"id":278420,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1233/"},{"id":278423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131233.gif"},{"id":278421,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1233/pdf/of2013-1233.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico;Texas","city":"El Paso;Leasburg","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.9986,31.7492 ], [ -106.9986,32.6 ], [ -106.463,32.6 ], [ -106.463,31.7492 ], [ -106.9986,31.7492 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526b8531e4b058918d0a99c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crilley, D.M. 0000-0003-0432-5948","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0432-5948","contributorId":19874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crilley","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matherne, A.M.","contributorId":69467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matherne","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, Nicole nithomas@usgs.gov","contributorId":5649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Nicole","email":"nithomas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Falk, S.E.","contributorId":81404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falk","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048599,"text":"ofr20131162 - 2013 - Qualilty, isotopes, and radiochemistry of water sampled from the Upper Moenkopi Village water-supply wells, Coconino County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-15T13:48:08.819677","indexId":"ofr20131162","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-25T08:32:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1162","title":"Qualilty, isotopes, and radiochemistry of water sampled from the Upper Moenkopi Village water-supply wells, Coconino County, Arizona","docAbstract":"The Hopi Tribe Water Resources Program has granted contracts for studies to evaluate water supply conditions for the Moenkopi villages in Coconino County, Arizona. The Moenkopi villages include Upper Moenkopi Village and the village of Lower Moencopi, both on the Hopi Indian Reservation south of the Navajo community of Tuba City. These investigations have determined that water supplies are limited and vulnerable to several potential sources of contamination, including the Tuba City Landfill and a former uranium processing facility known as the Rare Metals Mill. Studies are ongoing to determine if uranium and other metals in groundwater beneath the landfill are greater than regional groundwater concentrations.\n\nThe source of water supply for the Upper Moenkopi Village is three public-supply wells. The wells are referred to as MSW-1, MSW-2, and MSW-3 and all three wells obtain water from the regionally extensive N aquifer. The N aquifer is the principal aquifer in this region of northern Arizona and consists of thick beds of sandstone between less permeable layers of siltstone and mudstone. The relatively fine-grained character of the N aquifer inhibits rapid movement of water and large yields to wells. In recent years, water levels have declined in the three public-supply wells, causing concern that the current water supply will not be able to accommodate peak demand and allow for residential and economic growth.\n\nAnalyses of major ions, nutrients, selected trace metals, stable and radioactive isotopes, and radiochemistry were performed on the groundwater samples from the three public-supply wells to describe general water-quality conditions and groundwater ages in and immediately surrounding the Upper Moenkopi Village area. None of the water samples collected from the public-supply wells exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary drinking water standards.\n\nThe ratios of the major dissolved ions from the samples collected from MSW-1 and MSW-2 indicate water with a major ion composition of calcium and sulfate. There is no significant vertical distribution of ion concentrations in the samples collected from the upper and lower portion of the water column within the two wells. The samples collected at MSW-3 are higher in sodium and lower in calcium than the samples collected from MSW-1 and MSW-2, and contain a similar sulfate-ion percentage. There is a vertical distribution of ion concentrations in the samples collected from the upper and lower portion of the water column in MSW-3.\n\nGroundwater samples from the three water-supply wells analyzed for oxygen-18 and deuterium stable isotopes plot on a local water line that is approximately parallel to the global meteoric water line. Tritium concentrations in samples from MSW-1 and MSW-3 were equal to or less than laboratory detection limits and were interpreted to contain no modern (post-1952) water. Tritium concentration in a sample from the top of the water column at MSW-2 was 0.41 tritium units, indicating that the composition is primarily pre-bomb (pre-1952) water, but may contain a small fraction of post-bomb modern water.\n\nThe calculated carbon-14 ages of groundwater in MSW-1 and MSW-2, both completed about 140 feet into the Navajo Sandstone, are about 3,000 years before present. The calculated carbon-14 age of groundwater in MSW-3, completed about 240 feet into the Kayenta Formation-Navajo Sandstone transition zone is about 5,000 years before present in the upper portion of the water column and about 8,500 years before present in the lower portion of the water column. The gross alpha radioactivity of samples collected from the three water-supply wells ranged from 5.1 to 9.8 picocuries per liter-less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary drinking water standard of 15 picocuries per liter. The gross beta radioactivity of samples collected from the wells ranged from 0.9 to 2.8 picocuries per liter and are not considered elevated relative to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary drinking water standard.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131162","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Hopi Tribe","usgsCitation":"Carruth, R., Beisner, K., and Smith, G., 2013, Qualilty, isotopes, and radiochemistry of water sampled from the Upper Moenkopi Village water-supply wells, Coconino County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1162, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131162.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278397,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131162.jpg"},{"id":278396,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1162/"},{"id":278395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1162/pdf/ofr2013-1162.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Coconino County","otherGeospatial":"Moenkopi Village","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.5,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 35.0833\n ],\n [\n -109.5,\n 35.0833\n ],\n [\n -109.5,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 37\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526b8531e4b058918d0a99bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carruth, Rob 0000-0001-7008-2927 rlcarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-2927","contributorId":1162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carruth","given":"Rob","email":"rlcarr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beisner, Kimberly","contributorId":85284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beisner","given":"Kimberly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Greg 0000-0001-8170-9924","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-9924","contributorId":15210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048591,"text":"ofr20131259 - 2013 - Postwildfire debris-flow hazard assessment of the area burned by the 2013 West Fork Fire Complex, southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T18:01:35","indexId":"ofr20131259","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-25T08:03:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1259","title":"Postwildfire debris-flow hazard assessment of the area burned by the 2013 West Fork Fire Complex, southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"This report presents a preliminary emergency assessment of the debris-flow hazards from drainage basins burned by the 2013 West Fork Fire Complex near South Fork in southwestern Colorado. Empirical models derived from statistical evaluation of data collected from recently burned basins throughout the intermountain western United States were used to estimate the probability of debris-flow occurrence, potential volume of debris flows, and the combined debris-flow hazard ranking along the drainage network within and just downstream from the burned area, and to estimate the same for 54 drainage basins of interest within the perimeter of the burned area. Input data for the debris-flow models included topographic variables, soil characteristics, burn severity, and rainfall totals and intensities for a (1) 2-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall, referred to as a 2-year storm; (2) 10-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall, referred to as a 10-year storm; and (3) 25-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall, referred to as a 25-year storm.\n \nEstimated debris-flow probabilities at the pour points of the 54 drainage basins of interest ranged from less than 1 to 65 percent in response to the 2-year storm; from 1 to 77 percent in response to the 10-year storm; and from 1 to 83 percent in response to the 25-year storm. Twelve of the 54 drainage basins of interest have a 30-percent probability or greater of producing a debris flow in response to the 25-year storm. Estimated debris-flow volumes for all rainfalls modeled range from a low of 2,400 cubic meters to a high of greater than 100,000 cubic meters. Estimated debris-flow volumes increase with basin size and distance along the drainage network, but some smaller drainages also were predicted to produce substantial debris flows. One of the 54 drainage basins of interest had the highest combined hazard ranking, while 9 other basins had the second highest combined hazard ranking. Of these 10 basins with the 2 highest combined hazard rankings, 7 basins had predicted debris-flow volumes exceeding 100,000 cubic meters, while 3 had predicted probabilities of debris flows exceeding 60 percent. The 10 basins with high combined hazard ranking include 3 tributaries in the headwaters of Trout Creek, four tributaries to the West Fork San Juan River, Hope Creek draining toward a county road on the eastern edge of the burn, Lake Fork draining to U.S. Highway 160, and Leopard Creek on the northern edge of the burn. The probabilities and volumes for the modeled storms indicate a potential for debris-flow impacts on structures, reservoirs, roads, bridges, and culverts located within and immediately downstream from the burned area. U.S. Highway 160, on the eastern edge of the burn area, also is susceptible to impacts from debris flows.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131259","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Hinsdale County, Colorado","usgsCitation":"Verdin, K.L., Dupree, J.A., and Stevens, M.R., 2013, Postwildfire debris-flow hazard assessment of the area burned by the 2013 West Fork Fire Complex, southwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1259, Report: iv, 30 p.; 3 Plates: 34 x 22.31 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131259.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 30 p.; 3 Plates: 34 x 22.31 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050942","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278394,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131259.gif"},{"id":278398,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1259/pdf/of2013-1259.pdf"},{"id":278399,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1259/pdf/of2013-1259_plate1.pdf"},{"id":278400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1259/pdf/of2013-1259_plate2.pdf"},{"id":278401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1259/pdf/of2013-1259_plate3.pdf"},{"id":278392,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1259/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"West Fork Complex","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.1052,37.1977 ], [ -107.1052,38.1408 ], [ -106.1574,38.1408 ], [ -106.1574,37.1977 ], [ -107.1052,37.1977 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526b852fe4b058918d0a99b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verdin, Kristine L. 0000-0002-6114-4660 kverdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-4660","contributorId":3070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"Kristine","email":"kverdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dupree, Jean A. dupree@usgs.gov","contributorId":2563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupree","given":"Jean","email":"dupree@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":485152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stevens, Michael R. 0000-0002-9476-6335 mrsteven@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9476-6335","contributorId":769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Michael","email":"mrsteven@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048571,"text":"ofr20131258 - 2013 - Transient calibration of a groundwater-flow model of Chimacum Creek Basin and vicinity, Jefferson County, Washington: a supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5160","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T18:01:01","indexId":"ofr20131258","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-24T09:16:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1258","title":"Transient calibration of a groundwater-flow model of Chimacum Creek Basin and vicinity, Jefferson County, Washington: a supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5160","docAbstract":"A steady-state groundwater-flow model described in Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5160, ”Numerical Simulation of the Groundwater-Flow System in Chimacum Creek Basin and Vicinity, Jefferson County, Washington” was developed to evaluate potential future impacts of growth and of water-management strategies on water resources in the Chimacum Creek Basin. This supplement to that report describes the unsuccessful attempt to perform a calibration to transient conditions on the model. The modeled area is about 64 square miles on the Olympic Peninsula in northeastern Jefferson County, Washington. The geologic setting for the model area is that of unconsolidated deposits of glacial and interglacial origin typical of the Puget Sound Lowlands. The hydrogeologic units representing aquifers are Upper Aquifer (UA, roughly corresponding to recessional outwash) and Lower Aquifer (LA, roughly corresponding to advance outwash). Recharge from precipitation is the dominant source of water to the aquifer system; discharge is primarily to marine waters below sea level and to Chimacum Creek and its tributaries.\n\nThe model is comprised of a grid of 245 columns and 313 rows; cells are a uniform 200 feet per side. There are six model layers, each representing one hydrogeologic unit: (1) Upper Confining unit (UC); (2) Upper Aquifer unit (UA); (3) Middle Confining unit (MC); (4) Lower Aquifer unit (LA); (5) Lower Confining unit (LC); and (6) Bedrock unit (OE). The transient simulation period (October 1994–September 2009) was divided into 180 monthly stress periods to represent temporal variations in recharge, discharge, and storage.\n\nAn attempt to calibrate the model to transient conditions was unsuccessful due to instabilities stemming from oscillations in groundwater discharge to and recharge from streamflow in Chimacum Creek. The model as calibrated to transient conditions has mean residuals and standard errors of 0.06 ft ±0.45 feet for groundwater levels and 0.48 ± 0.06 cubic feet per second for flows. Although the expected seasonal trends were observed in model results, the typical observed annual variation of groundwater levels of about 2 feet was not. Streamflow at the most downstream observation point was about three times larger than simulated streamflow. Because the transient version of the model proved inherently unstable, it was not used to simulate forecast conditions for alternate hydrologic or anthropogenic changes. Adaptation of alternate stream simulation packages, such as RIV, or newer versions of MODFLOW, such as MODFLOW-NWT, could possibly assist with achieving calibration to transient conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Jefferson County and the Washington State Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.L., and Johnson, K.H., 2013, Transient calibration of a groundwater-flow model of Chimacum Creek Basin and vicinity, Jefferson County, Washington: a supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5160: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1258, vi, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131258.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278350,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131258.PNG"},{"id":278348,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1258/pdf/ofr2013-1258.pdf"},{"id":278349,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1258/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Chimacum Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.846987,47.927651 ], [ -122.846987,48.0685 ], [ -122.677922,48.0685 ], [ -122.677922,47.927651 ], [ -122.846987,47.927651 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526a3365e4b0c0d229f9bde6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Joseph L. jljones@usgs.gov","contributorId":3492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Joseph","email":"jljones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Kenneth H. johnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kenneth","email":"johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048560,"text":"ofr20131244 - 2013 - Ecological thresholds as a basis for defining management triggers for National Park Service vital signs: case studies for dryland ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T17:57:52","indexId":"ofr20131244","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T15:16:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1244","title":"Ecological thresholds as a basis for defining management triggers for National Park Service vital signs: case studies for dryland ecosystems","docAbstract":"Threshold concepts are used in research and management of ecological systems to describe and interpret abrupt and persistent reorganization of ecosystem properties (Walker and Meyers, 2004; Groffman and others, 2006). Abrupt change, referred to as a threshold crossing, and the progression of reorganization can be triggered by one or more interactive disturbances such as land-use activities and climatic events (Paine and others, 1998). Threshold crossings occur when feedback mechanisms that typically absorb forces of change are replaced with those that promote development of alternative equilibria or states (Suding and others, 2004; Walker and Meyers, 2004; Briske and others, 2008). The alternative states that emerge from a threshold crossing vary and often exhibit reduced ecological integrity and value in terms of management goals relative to the original or reference system. Alternative stable states with some limited residual properties of the original system may develop along the progression after a crossing; an eventual outcome may be the complete loss of pre-threshold properties of the original ecosystem. Reverting to the more desirable reference state through ecological restoration becomes increasingly difficult and expensive along the progression gradient and may eventually become impossible. Ecological threshold concepts have been applied as a heuristic framework and to aid in the management of rangelands (Bestelmeyer, 2006; Briske and others, 2006, 2008), aquatic (Scheffer and others, 1993; Rapport and Whitford 1999), riparian (Stringham and others, 2001; Scott and others, 2005), and forested ecosystems (Allen and others, 2002; Digiovinazzo and others, 2010). These concepts are also topical in ecological restoration (Hobbs and Norton 1996; Whisenant 1999; Suding and others, 2004; King and Hobbs, 2006) and ecosystem sustainability (Herrick, 2000; Chapin and others, 1996; Davenport and others, 1998).
\nAchieving conservation management goals requires the protection of resources within the range of desired conditions (Cook and others, 2010). The goal of conservation management for natural resources in the U.S. National Park System is to maintain native species and habitat unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations. Achieving this goal requires, in part, early detection of system change and timely implementation of remediation. The recent National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring program (NPS I&M) was established to provide early warning of declining ecosystem conditions relative to a desired native or reference system (Fancy and others, 2009). To be an effective tool for resource protection, monitoring must be designed to alert managers of impending thresholds so that preventive actions can be taken. This requires an understanding of the ecosystem attributes and processes associated with threshold-type behavior; how these attributes and processes become degraded; and how risks of degradation vary among ecosystems and in relation to environmental factors such as soil properties, climatic conditions, and exposure to stressors. In general, the utility of the threshold concept for long-term monitoring depends on the ability of scientists and managers to detect, predict, and prevent the occurrence of threshold crossings associated with persistent, undesirable shifts among ecosystem states (Briske and others, 2006). Because of the scientific challenges associated with understanding these factors, the application of threshold concepts to monitoring designs has been very limited to date (Groffman and others, 2006). As a case in point, the monitoring efforts across the 32 NPS I&M networks were largely designed with the knowledge that they would not be used to their full potential until the development of a systematic method for understanding threshold dynamics and methods for estimating key attributes of threshold crossings.
\nThis report describes and demonstrates a generalized approach that we implemented to formalize understanding and estimating of threshold dynamics for terrestrial dryland ecosystems in national parks of the Colorado Plateau. We provide a structured approach to identify and describe degradation processes associated with threshold behavior and to estimate indicator levels that characterize the point at which a threshold crossing has occurred or is imminent (tipping points) or points where investigative or preventive management action should be triggered (assessment points). We illustrate this method for several case studies in national parks included in the Northern and Southern Colorado Plateau NPS I&M networks, where historical livestock grazing, climatic change, and invasive species are key agents of change. The approaches developed in these case studies are intended to enhance the design, effectiveness, and management-relevance of monitoring efforts in support of conservation management in dryland systems. They specifically enhance National Park Service (NPS) capacity for protecting park resources on the Colorado Plateau but have applicability to monitoring and conservation management of dryland ecosystems worldwide.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131244","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Bowker, M.A., Miller, M.E., Belote, R.T., and Garman, S.L., 2013, Ecological thresholds as a basis for defining management triggers for National Park Service vital signs: case studies for dryland ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1244, vi, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131244.","productDescription":"vi, 94 p.","numberOfPages":"100","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034253","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131244.GIF"},{"id":278331,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1244/"},{"id":278335,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1244/pdf/ofr2013-1244.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.3896,32.8104 ], [ -114.3896,42.9966 ], [ -104.3481,42.9966 ], [ -104.3481,32.8104 ], [ -114.3896,32.8104 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52679064e4b0c24c90856d78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowker, Matthew A. mbowker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"Matthew","email":"mbowker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":485087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Mark E.","contributorId":91580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6959,"text":"National Park Service Southeast Utah Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":485090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belote, R. Travis","contributorId":39634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belote","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Travis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garman, Steven L. 0000-0002-9032-9074 slgarman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-9074","contributorId":3741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garman","given":"Steven","email":"slgarman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048553,"text":"ofr20131221 - 2013 - Chuckwalla Valley multiple-well monitoring site, Chuckwalla Valley, Riverside County","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T17:54:58","indexId":"ofr20131221","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T08:52:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1221","title":"Chuckwalla Valley multiple-well monitoring site, Chuckwalla Valley, Riverside County","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, is evaluating the geohydrology and water availability of the Chuckwalla Valley, California. As part of this evaluation, the USGS installed the Chuckwalla Valley multiple-well monitoring site (CWV1) in the southeastern portion of the Chuckwalla Basin. Data collected at this site provide information about the geology, hydrology, geophysics, and geochemistry of the local aquifer system, thus enhancing the understanding of the geohydrologic framework of the Chuckwalla Valley. This report presents construction information for the CWV1 multiple-well monitoring site and initial geohydrologic data collected from the site.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131221","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Bureau of Land Management, California Desert District","usgsCitation":"Everett, R., 2013, Chuckwalla Valley multiple-well monitoring site, Chuckwalla Valley, Riverside County: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1221, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131221.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041881","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131221.jpg"},{"id":278308,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1221/"},{"id":278309,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1221/pdf/ofr2013-1221.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Chuckwalla Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.9982,33.1941 ], [ -115.9982,34.0801 ], [ -114.4349,34.0801 ], [ -114.4349,33.1941 ], [ -115.9982,33.1941 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52679052e4b0c24c90856d72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Everett, Rhett R. 0000-0001-7983-6270 reverett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7983-6270","contributorId":843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everett","given":"Rhett R.","email":"reverett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048523,"text":"ofr20131105 - 2013 - Oceanographic controls on sedimentary and geochemical facies on the Peru outer shelf and upper slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T14:12:00","indexId":"ofr20131105","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-18T12:50:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1105","title":"Oceanographic controls on sedimentary and geochemical facies on the Peru outer shelf and upper slope","docAbstract":"Concentrations and characteristics of organic matter in surface sediments deposited under an intense oxygen-minimum zone (OMZ) on the Peru margin were mapped and studied in samples from deck-deployed box cores and push cores acquired by submersible on two east-west transects spanning depths of 75 to 1,000 meters (m) at 12°S and 13.5°S. On the basis of sampling and analyses of the top 1–2 centimeters (cm) of available cores, three main belts of sediments were identified on each transect with increasing depth: (1) muds rich in organic carbon (OC); (2) authigenic phosphatic mineral crusts and pavements; and (3) glaucony facies.
Sediments rich in OC on the 12°S transect were mainly located on the outer shelf and upper slope (150–350 m), but they occurred in much shallower water (approximately 100 m) on the 13.5°S transect. The organic matter is almost entirely marine as confirmed by Rock-Eval pyrolysis and isotopic composition of OC. Concentrations of OC are highest (up to 18 percent) in sediments within the OMZ where dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations are <5 micromoles per kilogram (μM). Even at these low concentrations of DO, however, the surface sediments from within the OMZ are dominantly unlaminated. Concentrations of DO may have the dominant effect on organic matter characteristics, but reworking of fine-grained sediment and organic matter by strong bottom currents with velocities as high as 30 centimeters per second (cm/s) on the slope between 150 and 300 m and redeposition on the seafloor in areas of lower energy and higher DO concentration also exert important controls on OC concentration and degree of oxidation in this region.
Phosphate-rich sediments and crusts occurred at depths of about 300 to 550 m on both transects. Nodular crusts of sediment cemented by carbonate-fluorapatite (CFA; phosphorite) or dolomite form within the OMZ. These phosphorite crusts evolve through cementation from light olive-green, stiff but friable, phosphatized claystone “protocrusts” through dense, dark phosphorite crusts, cemented breccias, and pavements. The degree of phosphatization and thickness of the crusts depend on the rates of sediment supply and on the strength and frequency of currents that re-expose crusts on the seafloor. Phosphorite crusts and pavements on the Peru margin can only become buried and incorporated into the geologic record once bottom currents slacken sufficiently to allow fine-grained sediment to accumulate.
Glaucony-rich surface sediments, relatively undiluted by other components, were found mainly in deeper water on the 13.5°S transect (750 m to at least 1,067 m). These sediments consist almost entirely of sand-size glaucony pellets. These widespread glaucony sands formed in place and were then concentrated and reworked by strong currents that winnowed away the fine-grained matrix. Although the glaucony occurs in sand-size pellets, the pellets are made up of aggregates of authigenic, platy, micaceous clay minerals. Glaucony is predominantly a potassium (K), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg) aluminosilicate with an approximate formula of (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2. The glaucony on the 13.5°S transect forms by alteration of one or more original “framework” minerals (carbonate and [or] aluminosilicates) to form pellital aggregates of Fe-, K-, and Mg-rich clay minerals. Because Fe, K, and Mg are derived from seawater, sedimentation rates must be extremely slow in order for the original framework minerals to remain in contact with seawater. The close association of glaucony and phosphorite indicates a delicate balance between the slightly oxidizing conditions at the base of the OMZ that form glaucony and the slightly reducing conditions that mobilize iron and phosphate to form phosphorite.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131105","usgsCitation":"Arthur, M.A., and Dean, W.E., 2013, Oceanographic controls on sedimentary and geochemical facies on the Peru outer shelf and upper slope: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1105, v, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131105.","productDescription":"v, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-037568","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278263,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131105.gif"},{"id":278243,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1105/"},{"id":278262,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1105/pdf/OF13-1105.pdf"}],"country":"Peru","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81,-14 ], [ -81,-10 ], [ -74,-10 ], [ -74,-14 ], [ -81,-14 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52624a68e4b079a99629a0e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arthur, Michael A.","contributorId":90018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048509,"text":"ofr20131248 - 2013 - Emergency assessment of post-fire debris-flow hazards for the 2013 Powerhouse fire, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T17:58:46","indexId":"ofr20131248","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-18T12:36:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1248","title":"Emergency assessment of post-fire debris-flow hazards for the 2013 Powerhouse fire, southern California","docAbstract":"Wildfire dramatically alters the hydrologic response of a watershed such that even modest rainstorms can produce dangerous flash floods and debris flows. Existing empirical models were used to predict the probability and magnitude of debris-flow occurrence in response to a 10-year recurrence interval rainstorm for the 2013 Powerhouse fire near Lancaster, California. Overall, the models predict a relatively low probability for debris-flow occurrence in response to the design storm. However, volumetric predictions suggest that debris flows that occur may entrain a significant volume of material, with 44 of the 73 basins identified as having potential debris-flow volumes between 10,000 and 100,000 cubic meters. These results suggest that even though the likelihood of debris flow is relatively low, the consequences of post-fire debris-flow initiation within the burn area may be significant for downstream populations, infrastructure, and wildlife and water resources. Given these findings, we recommend that residents, emergency managers, and public works departments pay close attention to weather forecasts and National-Weather-Service-issued Debris Flow and Flash Flood Outlooks, Watches, and Warnings and that residents adhere to any evacuation orders.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131248","usgsCitation":"Staley, D.M., Smoczyk, G.M., and Reeves, R.R., 2013, Emergency assessment of post-fire debris-flow hazards for the 2013 Powerhouse fire, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1248, Report: iv, 13 p.; 3 Plates: 22.09 x 30.38 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131248.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 13 p.; 3 Plates: 22.09 x 30.38 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051194","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278265,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131248.gif"},{"id":278238,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1248/"},{"id":278260,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1248/pdf/OFR13-1248_plate2.pdf"},{"id":278261,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1248/pdf/OFR13-1248_plate3.pdf"},{"id":278258,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1248/pdf/OFR13-1248.pdf"},{"id":278259,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1248/pdf/OFR13-1248_plate1.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Lancaster","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.574753,34.574288 ], [ -118.574753,34.769961 ], [ -118.346786,34.769961 ], [ -118.346786,34.574288 ], [ -118.574753,34.574288 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52624a66e4b079a99629a0dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Staley, Dennis M. 0000-0002-2239-3402 dstaley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-3402","contributorId":4134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Dennis","email":"dstaley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smoczyk, Gregory M. 0000-0002-6591-4060 gsmoczyk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6591-4060","contributorId":5239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoczyk","given":"Gregory","email":"gsmoczyk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reeves, Ryan R. rreeves@usgs.gov","contributorId":4993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Ryan","email":"rreeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":484885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048510,"text":"ofr20131249 - 2013 - Emergency assessment of post-fire debris-flow hazards for the 2013 Mountain fire, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T18:11:32","indexId":"ofr20131249","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-18T12:32:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1249","title":"Emergency assessment of post-fire debris-flow hazards for the 2013 Mountain fire, southern California","docAbstract":"Wildfire dramatically alters the hydrologic response of a watershed such that even modest rainstorms can produce dangerous flash floods and debris flows. We use empirical models to predict the probability and magnitude of debris flow occurrence in response to a 10-year rainstorm for the 2013 Mountain fire near Palm Springs, California. Overall, the models predict a relatively high probability (60–100 percent) of debris flow for six of the drainage basins in the burn area in response to a 10-year recurrence interval design storm. Volumetric predictions suggest that debris flows that occur may entrain a significant volume of material, with 8 of the 14 basins identified as having potential debris-flow volumes greater than 100,000 cubic meters. These results suggest there is a high likelihood of significant debris-flow hazard within and downstream of the burn area for nearby populations, infrastructure, and wildlife and water resources. Given these findings, we recommend that residents, emergency managers, and public works departments pay close attention to weather forecasts and National Weather Service–issued Debris Flow and Flash Flood Outlooks, Watches and Warnings and that residents adhere to any evacuation orders.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131249","usgsCitation":"Staley, D.M., Gartner, J.E., Smoczyk, G., and Reeves, R.R., 2013, Emergency assessment of post-fire debris-flow hazards for the 2013 Mountain fire, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1249, Report: iv, 13 p.; 3 Plates: 22.09 x 30.96 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131249.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 13 p.; 3 Plates: 22.09 x 30.96 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051179","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278239,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1249/"},{"id":278256,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1249/pdf/OFR13-1249_plate3.pdf"},{"id":278257,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131249.gif"},{"id":278254,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1249/pdf/OFR13-1249_plate1.pdf"},{"id":278255,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1249/pdf/OFR13-1249_plate2.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Palm Springs","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.75,33.6 ], [ -116.75,33.883 ], [ -116.5,33.883 ], [ -116.5,33.6 ], [ -116.75,33.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52624a65e4b079a99629a0d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Staley, Dennis M. 0000-0002-2239-3402 dstaley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-3402","contributorId":4134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Dennis","email":"dstaley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smoczyk, Greg M.","contributorId":23059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoczyk","given":"Greg M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reeves, Ryan R. rreeves@usgs.gov","contributorId":4993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Ryan","email":"rreeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":484889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048495,"text":"ofr20131189 - 2013 - Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science research plan 2013-18","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-30T16:07:39","indexId":"ofr20131189","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-30T15:59:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1189","title":"Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science research plan 2013-18","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS) was created in 2006 and since that time has provided research primarily in support of The National Map. The presentations and publications of the CEGIS researchers document the research accomplishments that include advances in electronic topographic map design, generalization, data integration, map projections, sea level rise modeling, geospatial semantics, ontology, user-centered design, volunteer geographic information, and parallel and grid computing for geospatial data from The National Map. A research plan spanning 2013–18 has been developed extending the accomplishments of the CEGIS researchers and documenting new research areas that are anticipated to support The National Map of the future. In addition to extending the 2006–12 research areas, the CEGIS research plan for 2013–18 includes new research areas in data models, geospatial semantics, high-performance computing, volunteered geographic information, crowdsourcing, social media, data integration, and multiscale representations to support the Three-Dimensional Elevation Program (3DEP) and The National Map of the future of the U.S. Geological Survey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131189","usgsCitation":"Usery, E.L., 2013, Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science research plan 2013-18: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1189, v, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131189.","productDescription":"v, 50 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":161,"text":"Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278234,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131189.gif"},{"id":278232,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1189/"},{"id":278233,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1189/pdf/of2013-1189.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"524a8f67e4b017cb43afb104","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Usery, E. Lynn 0000-0002-2766-2173 usery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-2173","contributorId":231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.","email":"usery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048471,"text":"ofr20131243 - 2013 - Seasonal flux and assemblage composition of planktic foraminifera from the northern Gulf of Mexico, 2008-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-23T09:02:21","indexId":"ofr20131243","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-27T15:07:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1243","title":"Seasonal flux and assemblage composition of planktic foraminifera from the northern Gulf of Mexico, 2008-2012","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey anchored a sediment trap in the northern Gulf of Mexico beginning in 2008 to collect seasonal time-series data on the flux and assemblage composition of live planktic foraminifers. This report provides an update of the previous time-series data to include results from 2012. Ten species, or varieties, constituted ~92 percent of the 2012 assemblage: Globigerinoides ruber (pink and white varieties), Globigerinoides sacculifer, Globigerina calida, Globigerinella aequilateralis, Globorotalia menardii group [The Gt. menardii group includes Gt. menardii, Gt. tumida, and Gt. ungulata], Orbulina universa, Globorotalia truncatulinoides, Pulleniatina spp., and Neogloboquadrina dutertrei. The mean daily flux was 158 tests per square meter per day (m–2 day–1), with maximum fluxes of >450tests m–2 day–1 during the beginning of July and mid–August and minimum fluxes of <10 tests m–2 day–1 during the beginning of February and mid–July. Globorotalia truncatulinoides showed a clear preference for the winter, consistent with data from 2008 to 2011. Globigerinoides ruber (white) flux data for 2012 (average 23 tests m–2 day–1) were consistent with data from 2011 (average 30 tests m–2 day–1) and 2010 (average 29 tests m–2 day–1) and showed a steady threefold increase since 2009 (average 11 tests m–2 day–1) and a tenfold increase from the 2008 flux (3 tests m–2 day–1).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131243","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, C.E., Richey, J.N., and Poore, R.Z., 2013, Seasonal flux and assemblage composition of planktic foraminifera from the northern Gulf of Mexico, 2008-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1243, Report: v, 13 p.; 1 Table, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131243.","productDescription":"Report: v, 13 p.; 1 Table","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278207,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1243/table/ofr2013-1243_table.xls"},{"id":278208,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131243.gif"},{"id":278205,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1243/"},{"id":278206,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1243/pdf/ofr2013-1243.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.0415,19.994 ], [ -100.0415,32.981 ], [ -79.9805,32.981 ], [ -79.9805,19.994 ], [ -100.0415,19.994 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52469aefe4b035b7f35add8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Caitlin E. 0000-0002-1724-3055 creynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1724-3055","contributorId":4049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Caitlin","email":"creynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richey, Julie N. 0000-0002-2319-7980 jrichey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2319-7980","contributorId":5182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richey","given":"Julie","email":"jrichey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048469,"text":"ofr20131234 - 2013 - Partnering for science: proceedings of the USGS Workshop on Citizen Science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-10T16:39:58","indexId":"ofr20131234","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-27T14:57:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1234","title":"Partnering for science: proceedings of the USGS Workshop on Citizen Science","docAbstract":"What U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) programs use citizen science? How can projects be best designed while meeting policy requirements? What are the most effective volunteer recruitment methods? What data should be collected to ensure validation and how should data be stored? What standard protocols are most easily used by volunteers? Can data from multiple projects be integrated to support new research or existing science questions? To help answer these and other questions, the USGS Community of Data Integration (CDI) supported the development of the Citizen Science Working Group (CSWG) in August 2011 and funded the working group’s proposal to hold a USGS Citizen Science Workshop in fiscal year 2012. The stated goals for our workshop were: raise awareness of programs and projects in the USGS that incorporate citizen science, create a community of practice for the sharing of knowledge and experiences, provide a forum to discuss the challenges of—and opportunities for—incorporating citizen science into USGS projects, and educate and support scientists and managers whose projects may benefit from public participation in science.To meet these goals, the workshop brought together 50 attendees (see appendix A for participant details) representing the USGS, partners, and external citizen science practitioners from diverse backgrounds (including scientists, managers, project coordinators, and technical developers, for example) to discuss these topics at the Denver Federal Center in Colorado on September 11–12, 2012. Over two and a half days, attendees participated in four major plenary sessions (Citizen Science Policy and Challenges, Engaging the Public in Scientific Research, Data Collection and Management, and Technology and Tools) comprised of 25 invited presentations and followed by structured discussions for each session designed to address both prepared and ad hoc \"big questions.\" A number of important community support and infrastructure needs were identified from the sessions and discussions, and a subteam was formed to draft a strategic vision statement to guide and prioritize future USGS efforts to support the citizen science community. Attendees also brainstormed proposal ideas for the fiscal year 2013 CDI request for proposals: one possible venue to support the execution of the vision.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131234","collaboration":"Community for Data Integration","usgsCitation":"Hines, M., Benson, A., Govoni, D., Masaki, D., Poore, B., Simpson, A., and Tessler, S., 2013, Partnering for science: proceedings of the USGS Workshop on Citizen Science (Version 1.0: September 27, 2013; Version 1.1: March 25, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1234, vi, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131234.","productDescription":"vi, 51 p.","numberOfPages":"61","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298982,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131234.jpg"},{"id":278203,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1234/pdf/ofr2013-1234.pdf"},{"id":278202,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1234/"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: September 27, 2013; Version 1.1: March 25, 2015","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52469aefe4b035b7f35add8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hines, Megan","contributorId":34033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Megan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benson, Abigail 0000-0002-4391-107X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4391-107X","contributorId":45620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Abigail","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Govoni, David","contributorId":13523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Govoni","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Masaki, Derek dmasaki@usgs.gov","contributorId":4826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masaki","given":"Derek","email":"dmasaki@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":484745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Poore, Barbara","contributorId":49039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Barbara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Simpson, Annie 0000-0001-8338-5134 asimpson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8338-5134","contributorId":127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Annie","email":"asimpson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tessler, Steven stessler@usgs.gov","contributorId":3772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tessler","given":"Steven","email":"stessler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":484744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70048440,"text":"ofr20131222 - 2013 - Design tradeoffs for trend assessment in aquatic biological monitoring programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-26T12:57:25","indexId":"ofr20131222","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-26T11:50:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1222","title":"Design tradeoffs for trend assessment in aquatic biological monitoring programs","docAbstract":"Assessments of long-term (multiyear) temporal trends in biological monitoring programs are generally undertaken without an adequate understanding of the temporal variability of biological communities. When the sources and levels of variability are unknown, managers cannot make informed choices in sampling design to achieve monitoring goals in a cost-effective manner. We evaluated different trend sampling designs by estimating components of both short- and long-term variability in biological indicators of water quality in streams. Invertebrate samples were collected from 32 sites—9 urban, 6 agricultural, and 17 relatively undisturbed (reference) streams—distributed throughout the United States. Between 5 and 12 yearly samples were collected at each site during the period 1993–2008, plus 2 samples within a 10-week index period during either 2007 or 2008. These data allowed calculation of four sources of variance for invertebrate indicators: among sites, among years within sites, interaction among sites and years (site-specific annual variation), and among samples collected within an index period at a site (residual). When estimates of these variance components are known, changes to sampling design can be made to improve trend detection. Design modifications that result in the ability to detect the smallest trend with the fewest samples are, from most to least effective: (1) increasing the number of years in the sampling period (duration of the monitoring program), (2) decreasing the interval between samples, and (3) increasing the number of repeat-visit samples per year (within an index period). This order of improvement in trend detection, which achieves the greatest gain for the fewest samples, is the same whether trends are assessed at an individual site or an average trend of multiple sites. In multiple-site surveys, increasing the number of sites has an effect similar to that of decreasing the sampling interval; the benefit of adding sites is greater when a new set of different sites is selected for each sampling effort than when the same sites are sampled each time. Understanding variance components of the ecological attributes of interest can lead to more cost-effective monitoring designs to detect trends.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131222","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program; Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Gurtz, M.E., Van Sickle, J., Carlisle, D.M., and Paulsen, S., 2013, Design tradeoffs for trend assessment in aquatic biological monitoring programs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1222, v, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131222.","productDescription":"v, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278142,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131222.gif"},{"id":278140,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1222/"},{"id":278141,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1222/pdf/ofr2013-1222.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama;Arizona;Arkansas;California;Colorado;Georgia;Idaho;Indiana;Massachusetts;Michigan;New Jersey;North Carolina;Pennsylvania;Ohio;Oregon;Texas;Utah;Virginia;Washington;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52454a24e4b0b3d37307e14d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gurtz, Martin E. megurtz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurtz","given":"Martin","email":"megurtz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Sickle, John","contributorId":72698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Sickle","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paulsen, Steven G.","contributorId":23837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulsen","given":"Steven G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048430,"text":"ofr20131155 - 2013 - Meeting of the Central and Eastern U.S. (CEUS) Earthquake Hazards Program October 28–29, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-26T10:52:07","indexId":"ofr20131155","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-26T10:42:57","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1155","title":"Meeting of the Central and Eastern U.S. (CEUS) Earthquake Hazards Program October 28–29, 2009","docAbstract":"On October 28th and 29th, 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards Program held a meeting of Central and Eastern United States investigators and interested parties in Memphis, Tennessee. The purpose of the meeting was to bring together the Central and Eastern United States earthquake-hazards community to present and discuss recent research results, to promote communication and collaboration, to garner input regarding future research priorities, to inform the community about research opportunities afforded by the 2010–2012 arrival of EarthScope/USArray in the central United States, and to discuss plans for the upcoming bicentennial of the 1811–1812 New Madrid earthquakes. The two-day meeting included several keynote speakers, oral and poster presentations by attendees, and breakout sessions. The meeting is summarized in this report and can be subdivided into four primary sections: (1) summaries of breakout discussion groups; (2) list of meeting participants; (3) submitted abstracts; and (4) slide presentations. The abstracts and slides are included “as submitted” by the meeting participants and have not been subject to any formal peer review process; information contained in these sections reflects the opinions of the presenter at the time of the meeting and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131155","collaboration":"Fogelman Conference Center, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee","usgsCitation":"Tuttle, M., Boyd, O., and McCallister, N., 2013, Meeting of the Central and Eastern U.S. (CEUS) Earthquake Hazards Program October 28–29, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1155, Report: viii, 74 p.; CEUS Workshop Report Slides, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131155.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 74 p.; CEUS Workshop Report Slides","numberOfPages":"82","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131155.gif"},{"id":278120,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1155/downloads/"},{"id":278118,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1155/"},{"id":278119,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1155/pdf/OF13-1155.pdf"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52454a26e4b0b3d37307e159","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tuttle, Martitia","contributorId":97415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"Martitia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyd, Oliver","contributorId":43095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Oliver","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCallister, Natasha","contributorId":89268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCallister","given":"Natasha","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048418,"text":"ofr20131238 - 2013 - The U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory: an integrated scientific program supporting research and conservation of North American birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T19:06:46.502308","indexId":"ofr20131238","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-26T09:25:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1238","title":"The U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory: an integrated scientific program supporting research and conservation of North American birds","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Bird Banding Laboratory (BBL) was established in 1920 after ratification of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act with the United Kingdom in 1918. During World War II, the BBL was moved from Washington, D.C., to what is now the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (PWRC). The BBL issues permits and bands to permittees to band birds, records bird band recoveries or encounters primarily through telephone and Internet reporting, and manages more than 72 million banding records and more than 4.5 million records of encounters using state-of-the-art technologies. Moreover, the BBL also issues bands and manages banding and encounter data for the Canadian Bird Banding Office (BBO). Each year approximately 1 million bands are shipped from the BBL to banders in the United States and Canada, and nearly 100,000 encounter reports are entered into the BBL systems. Banding data are essential for regulatory programs, especially migratory waterfowl harvest regulations.\n\nThe USGS BBL works closely with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to develop regulations for the capture, handling, banding, and marking of birds. These regulations are published in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). In 2006, the BBL and the USFWS Division of Migratory Bird Management (DMBM) began a comprehensive revision of the banding regulations.\n\nThe bird banding community has three major constituencies: Federal and State agency personnel involved in the management and conservation of bird populations that include the Flyway Councils, ornithological research scientists, and avocational banders.\n\nWith increased demand for banding activities and relatively constant funding, a Federal Advisory Committee (Committee) was chartered and reviewed the BBL program in 2005. The final report of the Committee included six major goals and 58 specific recommendations, 47 of which have been addressed by the BBL. Specifically, the Committee recommended the BBL continue to support science, conservation, and management of birds through the use of banding and banding data and that the BBL be managed by the USGS and located at the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (PWRC) in Laurel, Maryland. Recommendations that have not been implemented include those already addressed by other organizations, as well as lower priority, such as developing a BBL business plan.\n\nThe comprehensive review and recommendations of the Committee, the response of the BBL to address the Committee’s recommendations, and other improvements to its operations have positioned the BBL to provide a high level of service to the banding community. As new technologies are developed and incorporated into BBL operations, further efficiencies are expected to enable the BBL to continue to meet emerging scientific needs.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Surey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131238","usgsCitation":"Smith, G.J., 2013, The U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory: an integrated scientific program supporting research and conservation of North American birds: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1238, iv, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131238.","productDescription":"iv, 88 p.","numberOfPages":"96","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278107,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1238/"},{"id":278109,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131238.jpg"},{"id":278108,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1238/pdf/ofr2013-1238.pdf"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52454a27e4b0b3d37307e162","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Gregory J. gsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":3436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Gregory","email":"gsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048412,"text":"ofr20131239 - 2013 - An exploration in mineral supply chain mapping using tantalum as an example","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-26T08:45:39","indexId":"ofr20131239","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-26T08:35:20","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1239","title":"An exploration in mineral supply chain mapping using tantalum as an example","docAbstract":"This report uses the supply chain of tantalum (Ta) to investigate the complexity of mineral and metal supply chains in general and show how they can be mapped. A supply chain is made up of all the manufacturers, suppliers, information networks, and so forth, that provide the materials and parts that go into making up a final product. The mineral portion of the supply chain begins with mineral material in the ground (the ore deposit); extends through a series of processes that include mining, beneficiation, processing (smelting and refining), semimanufacture, and manufacture; and continues through transformation of the mineral ore into concentrates, refined mineral commodities, intermediate forms (such as metals and alloys), component parts, and, finally, complex products. This study analyses the supply chain of tantalum beginning with minerals in the ground to many of the final goods that contain tantalum.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131239","usgsCitation":"Soto-Viruet, Y., Menzie, W.D., Papp, J.F., and Yager, T., 2013, An exploration in mineral supply chain mapping using tantalum as an example: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1239, iv, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131239.","productDescription":"iv, 51 p.","numberOfPages":"55","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278106,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131239.gif"},{"id":278104,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1239/"},{"id":278105,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1239/pdf/ofr2013-1239.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.014444444444444444,-90 ], [ -0.014444444444444444,0.0025 ], [ 0.01888888888888889,0.0025 ], [ 0.01888888888888889,-90 ], [ -0.014444444444444444,-90 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52454a23e4b0b3d37307e14a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soto-Viruet, Yadira ysoto-viruet@usgs.gov","contributorId":500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soto-Viruet","given":"Yadira","email":"ysoto-viruet@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Menzie, W. David","contributorId":15645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzie","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Papp, John F. jpapp@usgs.gov","contributorId":2895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papp","given":"John","email":"jpapp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yager, Thomas R.","contributorId":54681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048409,"text":"ofr20131173 - 2013 - Laboratory evaluation of the Level TROLL 100 manufactured by In-Situ Inc.: results of pressure and temperature tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-25T14:19:26","indexId":"ofr20131173","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-25T14:13:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1173","title":"Laboratory evaluation of the Level TROLL 100 manufactured by In-Situ Inc.: results of pressure and temperature tests","docAbstract":"The Level TROLL 100 manufactured by In-Situ Inc. was evaluated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility (HIF) for conformance to the manufacturer’s accuracy specifications for measuring pressure throughout the device’s operating temperature range. The Level TROLL 100 is a submersible, sealed, water-level sensing device with an operating pressure range equivalent to 0 to 30 feet of water over a temperature range of −20 to 50 degrees Celsius (°C). The device met the manufacturer’s stated accuracy specifications for pressure within its temperature-compensated operating range of 0 to 50 °C. The device’s accuracy specifications did not meet established USGS requirements for primary water-stage sensors used in the operation of streamgages, but the Level TROLL 100 may be suitable for other hydrologic data-collection applications. As a note, the Level TROLL 100 is not designed to meet USGS accuracy requirements. Manufacturer accuracy specifications were evaluated, and the procedures followed and the results obtained are described in this report. USGS accuracy requirements are routinely examined and reported when instruments are evaluated at the HIF.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131173","usgsCitation":"Carnley, M.V., Fulford, J.M., and Brooks, M.H., 2013, Laboratory evaluation of the Level TROLL 100 manufactured by In-Situ Inc.: results of pressure and temperature tests: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1173, v, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131173.","productDescription":"v, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":339,"text":"Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278099,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131173.gif"},{"id":278097,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1173/"},{"id":278098,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1173/pdf/ofr2013-1173.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5243f811e4b05b217bad9ff1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carnley, Mark V. mcarnley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carnley","given":"Mark","email":"mcarnley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fulford, Janice M. jfulford@usgs.gov","contributorId":991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulford","given":"Janice","email":"jfulford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, Myron H. mhbrooks@usgs.gov","contributorId":4386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Myron","email":"mhbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":484556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048365,"text":"ofr20131247 - 2013 - Habitat quality and recruitment success of cui-ui in the Truckee River downstream of Marble Bluff Dam, Pyramid Lake, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-24T07:58:59","indexId":"ofr20131247","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-24T07:29:37","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1247","title":"Habitat quality and recruitment success of cui-ui in the Truckee River downstream of Marble Bluff Dam, Pyramid Lake, Nevada","docAbstract":"We compared cui-ui (Chasmistes cujus) recruitment from two reaches of the Truckee River with histories of severe erosional downcutting caused by a decline in Pyramid Lake surface elevation. In 1975, Marble Bluff Dam (MBD) was constructed 5 kilometers upstream of the extant mouth of the Truckee River to stabilize the upstream reach of the river; the downstream reach of the river remained unstable and consequently unsuitable for cui-ui recruitment. By the early 2000s, there was a decrease in the Truckee River’s slope from MBD to Pyramid Lake after a series of wet years in the 1990s. This was followed by changes in river morphology and erosion abatement. These changes led to the question as to cui-ui recruitment potential in the Truckee River downstream of MBD. In 2012, more than 7,000 cui-ui spawners were passed upstream of MBD, although an indeterminate number of cui-ui spawned downstream of MBD. In this study, we compared cui-ui recruitment upstream and downstream of MBD during a Truckee River low-flow year (2012). Cui-ui larvae emigration to Pyramid Lake began earlier and ended later downstream of MBD. A greater number of cui-ui larvae was produced downstream of MBD than upstream. This also was true for native Tahoe sucker (Catostomus tahoensis) and Lahontan redside (Richardsonius egregius). The improved Truckee River stability downstream of MBD and concomitant cui-ui recruitment success is attributed to a rise in Pyramid Lake's surface elevation. A decline in lake elevation may lead to a shift in stream morphology and substrate composition to the detriment of cui-ui reproductive success as well as the reproductive success of other native fishes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131247","usgsCitation":"Scoppettone, G.G., Rissler, P.H., Salgado, J.A., and Harry, B., 2013, Habitat quality and recruitment success of cui-ui in the Truckee River downstream of Marble Bluff Dam, Pyramid Lake, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1247, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131247.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049986","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278020,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1247/"},{"id":278021,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1247/pdf/ofr2013-1247.pdf"},{"id":278022,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131247.png"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Marble Bluff Dam;Pyramid Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.70,39.84 ], [ -119.70,40.20 ], [ -119.41,40.20 ], [ -119.41,39.84 ], [ -119.70,39.84 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5242a695e4b096ee624641c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scoppettone, G. Gary","contributorId":61137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scoppettone","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rissler, Peter H. peter_rissler@usgs.gov","contributorId":4508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rissler","given":"Peter","email":"peter_rissler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Salgado, J. Antonio","contributorId":33214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salgado","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Antonio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harry, Beverly","contributorId":38889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harry","given":"Beverly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048277,"text":"ofr20131166 - 2013 - Report of geomagnetic pulsation indices for space weather applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-19T12:01:23","indexId":"ofr20131166","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-19T11:51:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1166","title":"Report of geomagnetic pulsation indices for space weather applications","docAbstract":"The phenomenon of ultra-low frequency geomagnetic pulsations was first observed in the ground-based measurements of the 1859 Carrington Event and has been studied for over 100 years. Pulsation frequency is considered to be “ultra” low when it is lower than the natural frequencies of the plasma, such as the ion gyrofrequency. Ultra-low frequency pulsations are considered a source of noise in some geophysical analysis techniques, such as aeromagnetic surveys and transient electromagnetics, so it is critical to develop near real-time space weather products to monitor these geomagnetic pulsations. The proper spectral analysis of magnetometer data, such as using wavelet analysis techniques, can also be important to Geomagnetically Induced Current risk assessment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131166","usgsCitation":"Xu, Z., Gannon, J.L., and Rigler, E., 2013, Report of geomagnetic pulsation indices for space weather applications: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1166, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131166.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277865,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131166.jpg"},{"id":277864,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1166/pdf/OF13-1166.pdf"},{"id":277863,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1166/"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"523c0efde4b024b60d407262","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xu, Z.","contributorId":99760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gannon, Jennifer L.","contributorId":40882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannon","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rigler, Erin J.","contributorId":75054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rigler","given":"Erin J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}