{"pageNumber":"840","pageRowStart":"20975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46883,"records":[{"id":70033750,"text":"70033750 - 2008 - Do non-native plant species affect the shape of productivity-diversity relationships?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033750","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do non-native plant species affect the shape of productivity-diversity relationships?","docAbstract":"The relationship between ecosystem processes and species richness is an active area of research and speculation. Both theoretical and experimental studies have been conducted in numerous ecosystems. One finding of these studies is that the shape of the relationship between productivity and species richness varies considerably among ecosystems and at different spatial scales, though little is known about the relative importance of physical and biological mechanisms causing this variation. Moreover, despite widespread concern about changes in species' global distributions, it remains unclear if and how such large-scale changes may affect this relationship. We present a new conceptual model of how invasive species might modulate relationships between primary production and species richness. We tested this model using long-term data on relationships between aboveground net primary production and species richness in six North American terrestrial ecosystems. We show that primary production and abundance of non-native species are both significant predictors of species richness, though we fail to detect effects of invasion extent on the shapes of the relationship between species richness and primary production.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Midland Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[55:DNPSAT]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00030031","usgsCitation":"Drake, J., Cleland, E., Horner-Devine, M.C., Fleishman, E., Bowles, C., Smith, M.D., Carney, K., Emery, S., Gramling, J., Vandermast, D., and Grace, J., 2008, Do non-native plant species affect the shape of productivity-diversity relationships?: American Midland Naturalist, v. 159, no. 1, p. 55-66, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[55:DNPSAT]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"55","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214496,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[55:DNPSAT]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":242229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"159","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0364e4b0c8380cd50482","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, J.M.","contributorId":9881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cleland, E.E.","contributorId":20127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleland","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horner-Devine, M. C.","contributorId":107514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horner-Devine","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleishman, E.","contributorId":77373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleishman","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bowles, C.","contributorId":102284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowles","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, M. D.","contributorId":25724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Carney, K.","contributorId":47992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carney","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Emery, S.","contributorId":90553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emery","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gramling, J.","contributorId":68125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gramling","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Vandermast, D.B.","contributorId":66500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandermast","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70033746,"text":"70033746 - 2008 - The critical role of volcano monitoring in risk reduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-03T11:50:37","indexId":"70033746","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":655,"text":"Advances in Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The critical role of volcano monitoring in risk reduction","docAbstract":"Data from volcano-monitoring studies constitute the only scientifically valid basis for short-term forecasts of a future eruption, or of possible changes during an ongoing eruption. Thus, in any effective hazards-mitigation program, a basic strategy in reducing volcano risk is the initiation or augmentation of volcano monitoring at historically active volcanoes and also at geologically young, but presently dormant, volcanoes with potential for reactivation. Beginning with the 1980s, substantial progress in volcano-monitoring techniques and networks - ground-based as well space-based - has been achieved. Although some geochemical monitoring techniques (e.g., remote measurement of volcanic gas emissions) are being increasingly applied and show considerable promise, seismic and geodetic methods to date remain the techniques of choice and are the most widely used. Availability of comprehensive volcano-monitoring data was a decisive factor in the successful scientific and governmental responses to the reawakening of Mount St. Helens (Washington, USA) in 1980 and, more recently, to the powerful explosive eruptions at Mount Pinatubo (Luzon, Philippines) in 1991. However, even with the ever-improving state-ofthe-art in volcano monitoring and predictive capability, the Mount St. Helens and Pinatubo case histories unfortunately still represent the exceptions, rather than the rule, in successfully forecasting the most likely outcome of volcano unrest.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.5194/adgeo-14-3-2008","issn":"16807340","usgsCitation":"Tilling, R., 2008, The critical role of volcano monitoring in risk reduction: Advances in Geosciences, v. 14, p. 3-11, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-14-3-2008.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476766,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-14-3-2008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":269491,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-14-3-2008"},{"id":242166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa70e4b08c986b32282f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilling, R.I. 0000-0003-4263-7221","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":98311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"R.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70033098,"text":"70033098 - 2008 - Numerical model for the uptake of groundwater contaminants by phreatophytes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-10T14:55:05","indexId":"70033098","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Numerical model for the uptake of groundwater contaminants by phreatophytes","docAbstract":"Conventional solute transport models do not adequately account for the effects of phreatophytic plant systems on contaminant concentrations in shallow groundwater systems. A numerical model was developed and tested to simulate threedimensional reactive solute transport in a heterogeneous porous medium. Advective-dispersive transport is coupled to biodegradation, sorption, and plantbased attenuation processes including plant uptake and sorption by plant roots. The latter effects are a function of the physical-chemical properties of the individual solutes and plant species. Models for plant uptake were tested and evaluated using the experimental data collected at a field site comprised of hybrid poplar trees. A non-linear equilibrium isotherm model best represented site conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"9th International Conference on Modelling, Monitoring and Management of Water Pollution, Water Pollution 2008","conferenceDate":"June 9-11,2008","conferenceLocation":"Alicante, Spain","language":"English","doi":"10.2495/WP080361","issn":"17433","isbn":"9781845641153","usgsCitation":"Widdowson, M., El-Sayed, A., and Landmeyer, J., 2008, Numerical model for the uptake of groundwater contaminants by phreatophytes, <i>in</i> WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, v. 111, Alicante, Spain, June 9-11,2008, p. 371-379, https://doi.org/10.2495/WP080361.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"379","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476696,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2495/wp080361","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213362,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2495/WP080361"}],"volume":"111","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68f1e4b0c8380cd73a94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Widdowson, M.A.","contributorId":46262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Widdowson","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"El-Sayed, A.","contributorId":93709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"El-Sayed","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032714,"text":"70032714 - 2008 - Land use and the structure of western US stream invertebrate assemblages: Predictive models and ecological traits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T14:17:51","indexId":"70032714","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land use and the structure of western US stream invertebrate assemblages: Predictive models and ecological traits","docAbstract":"Inferences drawn from regional bioassessments could be strengthened by integrating data from different monitoring programs. We combined data from the US Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program and the US Environmental Protection Agency Wadeable Streams Assessment (WSA) to expand the scope of an existing River InVertebrate Prediction and Classification System (RIVPACS)-type predictive model and to assess the biological condition of streams across the western US in a variety of landuse classes. We used model-derived estimates of taxon-specific probabilities of capture and observed taxon occurrences to identify taxa that were absent from sites where they were predicted to occur (decreasers) and taxa that were present at sites where they were not predicted to occur (increasers). Integration of 87 NAWQA reference sites increased the scope of the existing WSA predictive model to include larger streams and later season sampling. Biological condition at 336 NAWQA test sites was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with basin land use and tended to be lower in basins with intensive landuse modification (e.g., mixed, urban, and agricultural basins) than in basins with relatively undisturbed land use (e.g., forested basins). Of the 437 taxa observed among reference and test sites, 180 (41%) were increasers or decreasers. In general, decreasers had a different set of ecological traits (functional traits or tolerance values) than did increasers. We could predict whether a taxon was a decreaser or an increaser based on just a few traits, e.g., desiccation resistance, timing of larval development, habit, and thermal preference, but we were unable to predict the type of basin land use from trait states present in invertebrate assemblages. Refined characterization of traits might be required before bioassessment data can be used routinely to aid in the diagnoses of the causes of biological impairment. ?? 2008 by The North American Benthological Society.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1899/07-176.1","issn":"08873","usgsCitation":"Carlisle, D., and Hawkins, C., 2008, Land use and the structure of western US stream invertebrate assemblages: Predictive models and ecological traits: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 27, no. 4, p. 986-999, https://doi.org/10.1899/07-176.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"986","endPage":"999","ipdsId":"IP-004069","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon,  Utah, Washington, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-104.053249,41.001406],[-102.124972,41.002338],[-102.051292,40.749591],[-102.04192,37.035083],[-102.979613,36.998549],[-103.002247,36.911587],[-103.064423,32.000518],[-106.565142,32.000736],[-106.577244,31.810406],[-106.750547,31.783706],[-108.208394,31.783599],[-108.208573,31.333395],[-111.000643,31.332177],[-114.813613,32.494277],[-114.722746,32.713071],[-117.118868,32.534706],[-117.50565,33.334063],[-118.088896,33.729817],[-118.428407,33.774715],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-119.159554,34.119653],[-119.616862,34.420995],[-120.441975,34.451512],[-120.608355,34.556656],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.873046,35.225688],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-121.851967,36.277831],[-121.932508,36.559935],[-121.788278,36.803994],[-121.880167,36.950151],[-122.140578,36.97495],[-122.419113,37.24147],[-122.511983,37.77113],[-122.425942,37.810979],[-122.168449,37.504143],[-122.144396,37.581866],[-122.385908,37.908136],[-122.301804,38.105142],[-122.484411,38.11496],[-122.492474,37.82484],[-122.972378,38.020247],[-123.103706,38.415541],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-124.373599,40.392923],[-124.063076,41.439579],[-124.536073,42.814175],[-124.150267,43.91085],[-123.962887,45.280218],[-123.996766,46.20399],[-123.548194,46.248245],[-124.029924,46.308312],[-124.06842,46.601397],[-123.97083,46.47537],[-123.84621,46.716795],[-124.022413,46.708973],[-124.108078,46.836388],[-123.86018,46.948556],[-124.138035,46.970959],[-124.425195,47.738434],[-124.672427,47.964414],[-124.727022,48.371101],[-123.981032,48.164761],[-122.748911,48.117026],[-122.637425,47.889945],[-123.15598,47.355745],[-122.527593,47.905882],[-122.578211,47.254804],[-122.725738,47.33047],[-122.691771,47.141958],[-122.796646,47.341654],[-122.863732,47.270221],[-122.67813,47.103866],[-122.364168,47.335953],[-122.429841,47.658919],[-122.230046,47.970917],[-122.425572,48.232887],[-122.358375,48.056133],[-122.512031,48.133931],[-122.424102,48.334346],[-122.689121,48.476849],[-122.425271,48.599522],[-122.796887,48.975026],[-104.048736,48.999877],[-104.053249,41.001406]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.5667,34.053452],[-119.795938,33.962929],[-119.916216,34.058351],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.573522,32.969183],[-118.369984,32.839273],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.32446,33.348782],[-118.593969,33.467198],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-122.519535,48.288314],[-122.66921,48.240614],[-122.400628,48.036563],[-122.419274,47.912125],[-122.744612,48.20965],[-122.664928,48.374823],[-122.519535,48.288314]]],[[[-122.800217,48.60169],[-122.883759,48.418793],[-123.173061,48.579086],[-122.949116,48.693398],[-122.743049,48.661991],[-122.800217,48.60169]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Arizona\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4383e4b0c8380cd663c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlisle, D.M.","contributorId":81059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hawkins, C.P.","contributorId":64454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkins","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033736,"text":"70033736 - 2008 - Quantile regression applied to spectral distance decay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033736","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1940,"text":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantile regression applied to spectral distance decay","docAbstract":"Remotely sensed imagery has long been recognized as a powerful support for characterizing and estimating biodiversity. Spectral distance among sites has proven to be a powerful approach for detecting species composition variability. Regression analysis of species similarity versus spectral distance allows us to quantitatively estimate the amount of turnover in species composition with respect to spectral and ecological variability. In classical regression analysis, the residual sum of squares is minimized for the mean of the dependent variable distribution. However, many ecological data sets are characterized by a high number of zeroes that add noise to the regression model. Quantile regressions can be used to evaluate trend in the upper quantiles rather than a mean trend across the whole distribution of the dependent variable. In this letter, we used ordinary least squares (OLS) and quantile regressions to estimate the decay of species similarity versus spectral distance. The achieved decay rates were statistically nonzero (p < 0.01), considering both OLS and quantile regressions. Nonetheless, the OLS regression estimate of the mean decay rate was only half the decay rate indicated by the upper quantiles. Moreover, the intercept value, representing the similarity reached when the spectral distance approaches zero, was very low compared with the intercepts of the upper quantiles, which detected high species similarity when habitats are more similar. In this letter, we demonstrated the power of using quantile regressions applied to spectral distance decay to reveal species diversity patterns otherwise lost or underestimated by OLS regression. ?? 2008 IEEE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1109/LGRS.2008.2001767","issn":"15455","usgsCitation":"Rocchini, D., and Cade, B., 2008, Quantile regression applied to spectral distance decay: IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, v. 5, no. 4, p. 640-643, https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2008.2001767.","startPage":"640","endPage":"643","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214289,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2008.2001767"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91f5e4b0c8380cd80582","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rocchini, D.","contributorId":66556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocchini","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033734,"text":"70033734 - 2008 - Hydroacoustic measures of Mysis relicta abundance and distribution in Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033734","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydroacoustic measures of Mysis relicta abundance and distribution in Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"Mysis relicta can be observed on echograms as a sound scattering layer when they migrate into the water column at night to feed on zooplankton. However, quantitative measures of mysid abundance with hydroacoustics requires knowledge of mysid target strength (TS), a method of removing fish echoes and contribution from noise, and an understanding of the effect of range on the ability of hydroacoustics to detect mysids (the detection limit). Comparisons of paired net data and acoustics data from July 7, 2005 yielded a mysid TS of -86.3 dB (9 mm animal) and a biomass TS of -58.4 dB (g dry wt)-1. With ambient noise levels (Sv of -125 dB at 1 m depth) and this TS, we can detect a mysid density of 1 m-3 at 60 m depth with a signal to noise ratio of 3 dB. We present a method to remove backscattering from both noise and fish and apply this method and the new TS data to whole lake acoustic data from Lake Ontario collected in July 25-31, 2005 with a 120 kHz echosounder as part of the annual standard fish survey in that lake. Mysis abundance was strongly depth dependent, with highest densities in areas with bottom depth > 100 m, and few mysids in areas with bottom depth < 50 m. With the data stratified in five bottom depth strata (> 100 m, 100-75 m, 75-50 m, 50-30 m, < 30 m), the whole-lake average mysid density was 118 m-2 (CV 21%) and the whole-lake average mysid biomass was 0.19 g dry wt m-2 (CV 22%) in July 2005. The CVs of these densities also account for uncertainty in the TS estimates. This is comparable to whole-lake density estimates using vertical net tows in November, 2005 (93 m-2, CV 16%). Copyright ?? 2008 AEHMS.","largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management","language":"English","doi":"10.1080/14634980802539708","issn":"14634","usgsCitation":"Rudstam, L.G., Schaner, T., Gal, G., Boscarino, B., O'Gorman, R., Warner, D., Johannsson, O., and Bowen, K., 2008, Hydroacoustic measures of Mysis relicta abundance and distribution in Lake Ontario, <i>in</i> Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management, v. 11, no. 4, p. 355-367, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980802539708.","startPage":"355","endPage":"367","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214260,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14634980802539708"},{"id":241963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3314e4b0c8380cd5ecef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rudstam, L. G.","contributorId":24720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudstam","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaner, T.","contributorId":12821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaner","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gal, G.","contributorId":36519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gal","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boscarino, B. T.","contributorId":75767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boscarino","given":"B. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O'Gorman, R.","contributorId":48896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Gorman","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Warner, D.M.","contributorId":40412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johannsson, O. E.","contributorId":40948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johannsson","given":"O. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bowen, K.L.","contributorId":54025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70033731,"text":"70033731 - 2008 - Application of environmental groundwater tracers at the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033731","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of environmental groundwater tracers at the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine, California, USA","docAbstract":"Boron, chloride, sulfate, ??D, ??18O, and 3H concentrations in surface water and groundwater samples from the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine (SBMM), California, USA were used to examine geochemical processes and provide constraints on evaporation and groundwater flow. SBMM is an abandoned sulfur and mercury mine with an underlying hydrothermal system, adjacent to Clear Lake, California. Results for non-3H tracers (i.e., boron, chloride, sulfate, ??D, and ??18O) identify contributions from six water types at SBMM. Processes including evaporation, mixing, hydrothermal water input and possible isotopic exchange with hydrothermal gases are also discerned. Tritium data indicate that hydrothermal waters and other deep groundwaters are likely pre-bomb (before ???1952) in age while most other waters were recharged after ???1990. A boron-based steady-state reservoir model of the Herman Impoundment pit lake indicates that 71-79% of its input is from meteoric water with the remainder from hydrothermal contributions. Results for groundwater samples from six shallow wells over a 6-month period for ??D and ??18O suggests that water from Herman Impoundment is diluted another 3% to more than 40% by infiltrating meteoric water, as it leaves the site. Results for this investigation show that environmental tracers are an effective tool to understand the SBMM hydrogeologic regime. ?? Springer-Verlag 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-007-0240-7","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Engle, M., Goff, F., Jewett, D., Reller, G., and Bauman, J., 2008, Application of environmental groundwater tracers at the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine, California, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 16, no. 3, p. 559-573, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-007-0240-7.","startPage":"559","endPage":"573","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214232,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-007-0240-7"},{"id":241932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec9de4b0c8380cd493a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engle, M.A. 0000-0001-5258-7374","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":55144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goff, F.","contributorId":53408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goff","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jewett, D.G.","contributorId":18588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jewett","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reller, G.J.","contributorId":84174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reller","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bauman, J.B.","contributorId":22161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauman","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033729,"text":"70033729 - 2008 - A test of the cross-scale resilience model: Functional richness in Mediterranean-climate ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T12:15:21","indexId":"70033729","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1452,"text":"Ecological Complexity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A test of the cross-scale resilience model: Functional richness in Mediterranean-climate ecosystems","docAbstract":"Ecological resilience has been proposed to be generated, in part, in the discontinuous structure of complex systems. Environmental discontinuities are reflected in discontinuous, aggregated animal body mass distributions. Diversity of functional groups within body mass aggregations (scales) and redundancy of functional groups across body mass aggregations (scales) has been proposed to increase resilience. We evaluate that proposition by analyzing mammalian and avian communities of Mediterranean-climate ecosystems. We first determined that body mass distributions for each animal community were discontinuous. We then calculated the variance in richness of function across aggregations in each community, and compared observed values with distributions created by 1000 simulations using a null of random distribution of function, with the same n, number of discontinuities and number of functional groups as the observed data. Variance in the richness of functional groups across scales was significantly lower in real communities than in simulations in eight of nine sites. The distribution of function across body mass aggregations in the animal communities we analyzed was non-random, and supports the contentions of the cross-scale resilience model. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Complexity","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2007.11.001","issn":"1476945X","usgsCitation":"Wardwell, D., Allen, C.R., Peterson, G., and Tyre, A., 2008, A test of the cross-scale resilience model: Functional richness in Mediterranean-climate ecosystems: Ecological Complexity, v. 5, no. 2, p. 165-182, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2007.11.001.","startPage":"165","endPage":"182","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487718,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natrespapers/101","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214203,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2007.11.001"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5f7e4b0c8380cd4707c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wardwell, D.A.","contributorId":18987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardwell","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, G.D.","contributorId":102835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tyre, A.J.","contributorId":78953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyre","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033119,"text":"70033119 - 2008 - Investigation of flow and transport processes at the MADE site using ensemble Kalman filter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033119","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation of flow and transport processes at the MADE site using ensemble Kalman filter","docAbstract":"In this work the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is applied to investigate the flow and transport processes at the macro-dispersion experiment (MADE) site in Columbus, MS. The EnKF is a sequential data assimilation approach that adjusts the unknown model parameter values based on the observed data with time. The classic advection-dispersion (AD) and the dual-domain mass transfer (DDMT) models are employed to analyze the tritium plume during the second MADE tracer experiment. The hydraulic conductivity (K), longitudinal dispersivity in the AD model, and mass transfer rate coefficient and mobile porosity ratio in the DDMT model, are estimated in this investigation. Because of its sequential feature, the EnKF allows for the temporal scaling of transport parameters during the tritium concentration analysis. Inverse simulation results indicate that for the AD model to reproduce the extensive spatial spreading of the tritium observed in the field, the K in the downgradient area needs to be increased significantly. The estimated K in the AD model becomes an order of magnitude higher than the in situ flowmeter measurements over a large portion of media. On the other hand, the DDMT model gives an estimation of K that is much more comparable with the flowmeter values. In addition, the simulated concentrations by the DDMT model show a better agreement with the observed values. The root mean square (RMS) between the observed and simulated tritium plumes is 0.77 for the AD model and 0.45 for the DDMT model at 328 days. Unlike the AD model, which gives inconsistent K estimates at different times, the DDMT model is able to invert the K values that consistently reproduce the observed tritium concentrations through all times. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.03.006","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Liu, G., Chen, Y., and Zhang, D., 2008, Investigation of flow and transport processes at the MADE site using ensemble Kalman filter: Advances in Water Resources, v. 31, no. 7, p. 975-986, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.03.006.","startPage":"975","endPage":"986","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213125,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.03.006"},{"id":240718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e89e4b0c8380cd63e55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Y.","contributorId":7019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Dongxiao","contributorId":26409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Dongxiao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032980,"text":"70032980 - 2008 - A fully distributed implementation of mean annual streamflow regional regression equations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T12:49:45","indexId":"70032980","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A fully distributed implementation of mean annual streamflow regional regression equations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Estimates of mean annual streamflow are needed for a variety of hydrologic assessments. Away from gage locations, regional regression equations that are a function of upstream area, precipitation, and temperature are commonly used. Geographic information systems technology has facilitated their use for projects, but traditional approaches using the polygon overlay operator have been too inefficient for national scale applications. As an alternative, the Elevation Derivatives for National Applications (EDNA) database was used as a framework for a fully distributed implementation of mean annual streamflow regional regression equations. The raster “flow accumulation” operator was used to efficiently achieve spatially continuous parameterization of the equations for every 30&nbsp;m grid cell of the conterminous United States (U.S.). Results were confirmed by comparing with measured flows at stations of the Hydro-Climatic Data Network, and their applications value demonstrated in the development of a national geospatial hydropower assessment. Interactive tools at the EDNA website make possible the fast and efficient query of mean annual streamflow for any location in the conterminous U.S., providing a valuable complement to other national initiatives (StreamStats and the National Hydrography Dataset Plus).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00258.x","issn":"10934","usgsCitation":"Verdin, K., and Worstell, B., 2008, A fully distributed implementation of mean annual streamflow regional regression equations: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 44, no. 6, p. 1537-1547, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00258.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1537","endPage":"1547","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213116,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00258.x"}],"volume":"44","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3e4e4b0c8380cd462aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verdin, K.L.","contributorId":66438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Worstell, B. 0000-0001-8927-3336","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8927-3336","contributorId":92059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worstell","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032994,"text":"70032994 - 2008 - Great Basin paleontological database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70032994","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Great Basin paleontological database","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has constructed a paleontological database for the Great Basin physiographic province that can be served over the World Wide Web for data entry, queries, displays, and retrievals. It is similar to the web-database solution that we constructed for Alaskan paleontological data (www.alaskafossil.org). The first phase of this effort was to compile a paleontological bibliography for Nevada and portions of adjacent states in the Great Basin that has recently been completed. In addition, we are also compiling paleontological reports (Known as E&R reports) of the U.S. Geological Survey, which are another extensive source of l,egacy data for this region. Initial population of the database benefited from a recently published conodont data set and is otherwise focused on Devonian and Mississippian localities because strata of this age host important sedimentary exhalative (sedex) Au, Zn, and barite resources and enormons Carlin-type An deposits. In addition, these strata are the most important petroleum source rocks in the region, and record the transition from extension to contraction associated with the Antler orogeny, the Alamo meteorite impact, and biotic crises associated with global oceanic anoxic events. The finished product will provide an invaluable tool for future geologic mapping, paleontological research, and mineral resource investigations in the Great Basin, making paleontological data acquired over nearly the past 150 yr readily available over the World Wide Web. A description of the structure of the database and the web interface developed for this effort are provided herein. This database is being used ws a model for a National Paleontological Database (which we am currently developing for the U.S. Geological Survey) as well as for other paleontological databases now being developed in other parts of the globe. ?? 2008 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/GES00162.1","issn":"1553040X","usgsCitation":"Zhang, N., Blodgett, R.B., and Hofstra, A., 2008, Great Basin paleontological database: Geosphere, v. 4, no. 3, p. 520-535, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00162.1.","startPage":"520","endPage":"535","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487771,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00162.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213271,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00162.1"},{"id":240880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a52e4b0c8380cd5b0a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, N.","contributorId":26520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blodgett, R. B.","contributorId":25176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hofstra, A. H. 0000-0002-2450-1593","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":41426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033550,"text":"70033550 - 2008 - Observations of the north polar water ice annulus on Mars using THEMIS and TES","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-19T09:34:12","indexId":"70033550","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of the north polar water ice annulus on Mars using THEMIS and TES","docAbstract":"<p>The Martian seasonal CO2 ice caps advance and retreat each year. In the spring, as the CO2 cap gradually retreats, it leaves behind an extensive defrosting zone from the solid CO2 cap to the location where all CO2 frost has sublimated. We have been studying this phenomenon in the north polar region using data from the THermal EMission Imaging System (THEMIS), a visible and infra-red (IR) camera on the Mars Odyssey spacecraft, and the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) on Mars Global Surveyor. Recently, we discovered that some THEMIS images of the CO2 defrosting zone contain evidence for a distinct defrosting phenomenon: some areas just south of the CO2 cap edge are too bright in visible wavelengths to be defrosted terrain, but too warm in the IR to be CO2 ice. We hypothesize that we are seeing evidence for a seasonal annulus of water ice (frost) that recedes with the seasonal CO2 cap, as predicted by previous workers. In this paper, we describe our observations with THEMIS and compare them to simultaneous observations by TES and OMEGA. All three instruments find that this phenomenon is distinct from the CO2 cap and most likely composed of water ice. We also find strong evidence that the annulus widens as it recedes. Finally, we show that this annulus can be detected in the raw THEMIS data as it is collected, enabling future long-term onboard monitoring.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2007.08.008","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Wagstaff, K.L., Titus, T.N., Ivanov, A.B., Castano, R., and Bandfield, J.L., 2008, Observations of the north polar water ice annulus on Mars using THEMIS and TES: Planetary and Space Science, v. 56, no. 2, p. 256-265, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2007.08.008.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"256","endPage":"265","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ac3e4b0c8380cd74338","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagstaff, Kiri L.","contributorId":213351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagstaff","given":"Kiri","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":441400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ivanov, Anton B.","contributorId":213352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ivanov","given":"Anton","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":441403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Castano, Rebecca","contributorId":213353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castano","given":"Rebecca","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":441402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bandfield, Joshua L.","contributorId":140356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bandfield","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13469,"text":"Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colorado, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":441401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033548,"text":"70033548 - 2008 - Evaluating sampling designs by computer simulation: A case study with the Missouri bladderpod","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70033548","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3103,"text":"Population Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating sampling designs by computer simulation: A case study with the Missouri bladderpod","docAbstract":"To effectively manage rare populations, accurate monitoring data are critical. Yet many monitoring programs are initiated without careful consideration of whether chosen sampling designs will provide accurate estimates of population parameters. Obtaining accurate estimates is especially difficult when natural variability is high, or limited budgets determine that only a small fraction of the population can be sampled. The Missouri bladderpod, Lesquerella filiformis Rollins, is a federally threatened winter annual that has an aggregated distribution pattern and exhibits dramatic interannual population fluctuations. Using the simulation program SAMPLE, we evaluated five candidate sampling designs appropriate for rare populations, based on 4 years of field data: (1) simple random sampling, (2) adaptive simple random sampling, (3) grid-based systematic sampling, (4) adaptive grid-based systematic sampling, and (5) GIS-based adaptive sampling. We compared the designs based on the precision of density estimates for fixed sample size, cost, and distance traveled. Sampling fraction and cost were the most important factors determining precision of density estimates, and relative design performance changed across the range of sampling fractions. Adaptive designs did not provide uniformly more precise estimates than conventional designs, in part because the spatial distribution of L. filiformis was relatively widespread within the study site. Adaptive designs tended to perform better as sampling fraction increased and when sampling costs, particularly distance traveled, were taken into account. The rate that units occupied by L. filiformis were encountered was higher for adaptive than for conventional designs. Overall, grid-based systematic designs were more efficient and practically implemented than the others. ?? 2008 The Society of Population Ecology and Springer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Population Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10144-008-0100-x","issn":"14383","usgsCitation":"Morrison, L., Smith, D., Young, C., and Nichols, D., 2008, Evaluating sampling designs by computer simulation: A case study with the Missouri bladderpod: Population Ecology, v. 50, no. 4, p. 417-425, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10144-008-0100-x.","startPage":"417","endPage":"425","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214429,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10144-008-0100-x"},{"id":242153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bf2e4b0c8380cd52964","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrison, L.W.","contributorId":39482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":441393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, C.","contributorId":67709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, D.W.","contributorId":107115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033004,"text":"70033004 - 2008 - Assigning king eiders to wintering regions in the Bering Sea using stable isotopes of feathers and claws","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033004","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assigning king eiders to wintering regions in the Bering Sea using stable isotopes of feathers and claws","docAbstract":"Identification of wintering regions for birds sampled during the breeding season is crucial to understanding how events outside the breeding season may affect populations. We assigned king eiders captured on breeding grounds in northern Alaska to 3 broad geographic wintering regions in the Bering Sea using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes obtained from head feathers. Using a discriminant function analysis of feathers obtained from birds tracked with satellite transmitters, we estimated that 88 % of feathers were assigned to the region in which they were grown. We then assigned 84 birds of unknown origin to wintering regions based on their head feather isotope ratios, and tested the utility of claws for geographic assignment. Based on the feather results, we estimated that similar proportions of birds in our study area use each of the 3 wintering regions in the Bering Sea. These results are in close agreement with estimates from satellite telemetry and show the usefulness of stable isotope signatures of feathers in assigning marine birds to geographic regions. The use of claws is currently limited by incomplete understanding of claw growth rates. Data presented here will allow managers of eiders, other marine birds, and marine mammals to assign animals to regions in the Bering Sea based on stable isotope signatures of body tissues. ?? Inter-Research 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3354/meps07744","issn":"01718","usgsCitation":"Oppel, S., and Powell, A., 2008, Assigning king eiders to wintering regions in the Bering Sea using stable isotopes of feathers and claws: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 373, p. 149-156, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07744.","startPage":"149","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488078,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07744","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213453,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps07744"}],"volume":"373","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee8ae4b0c8380cd49de7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oppel, S.","contributorId":44001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oppel","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, A.N.","contributorId":66194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033106,"text":"70033106 - 2008 - SHRIMP-RG U-Pb isotopic systematics of zircon from the Angel Lake orthogneiss, East Humboldt Range, Nevada: Is this really archean crust?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-28T11:01:15","indexId":"70033106","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"SHRIMP-RG U-Pb isotopic systematics of zircon from the Angel Lake orthogneiss, East Humboldt Range, Nevada: Is this really archean crust?","docAbstract":"New SHRIMP-RG (sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe-reverse geometry) data confirm the existence of Archean components within zircon grains of a sample from the orthogneiss of Angel Lake, Nevada, United States, previously interpreted as a nappe of Archean crust. However, the combined evidence strongly suggests that this orthogneiss is a highly deformed, Late Cretaceous monzogranite derived from melting of a sedimentary source dominated by Archean detritus. Zircon grains from the same sample used previously for isotope dilution-thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) isotopic work were analyzed using the SHRIMP-RG to better define the age and origin of the orthogneiss. Prior to analysis, imaging revealed a morphological variability and intragrain, polyphase nature of the zircon population. The SHRIMP-RG yielded 207Pb/206Pb ages between ca. 2430 and 2580 Ma (a best-fit mean <sup>207</sup>Pb/<sup>206</sup>Pb age of 2531 ± 19 Ma; 95% confidence) from mostly rounded to subrounded zircons and zircon components (cores). In addition, several analyses from rounded to subrounded cores or grains yielded discordant <sup>207</sup>Pb/<sup>206</sup>Pb ages between ca. 1460 and ca. 2170 Ma, consistent with known regional magmatic events. All cores of Proterozoic to latest Archean age were encased within clear, typically low Th/U (<0.015), oscillatory zoned, mostly euhedral, Late Cretaceous zircon. The younger zircon yielded essentially concordant <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>238</sup>U ages between 72 and 91 Ma, consistent with magmatic ages from Lamoille Canyon to the south. An age of ca. 90 Ma is suggested, the younger <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>238</sup>U ages resulting from Pb loss. The Cretaceous and Precambrian zircon components also have distinct trace element characteristics, indicating that these age groups are not related to the same igneous source. These results support recent geophysical interpretations and negate the contention that the Archean-Proterozoic boundary extends into the central Great Basin area. They further suggest that the world-class gold deposits along the Carlin Trend are not underlain by Archean cratonal crust, but rather by the Proterozoic Mojave province and Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic metasedimentary sequences dominated by detritus derived from Late Archean sources rather than Proterozoic sources, as is evident farther to the south in the Ruby Mountains.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/GES00164.1","issn":"15530","usgsCitation":"Premo, W.R., Castineiras, P., and Wooden, J., 2008, SHRIMP-RG U-Pb isotopic systematics of zircon from the Angel Lake orthogneiss, East Humboldt Range, Nevada: Is this really archean crust?: Geosphere, v. 4, no. 6, p. 963-975, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00164.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"963","endPage":"975","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":661,"text":"Western Mineral Resources Science Center-Menlo Park Office","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476680,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00164.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213491,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00164.1"},{"id":241118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Angel Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.008,41.025 ], [ -115.008,41.027 ], [ -115.085,41.027 ], [ -115.085,41.025 ], [ -115.008,41.025 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"4","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf4be4b0c8380cd874df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Premo, Wayne R. 0000-0001-9904-4801 wpremo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":1697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"Wayne","email":"wpremo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":439394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Castineiras, Pedro","contributorId":20986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castineiras","given":"Pedro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, Joseph L.","contributorId":32209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joseph L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033543,"text":"70033543 - 2008 - Anatomy of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure revealed by seismic imaging, Delmarva Peninsula, Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70033543","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anatomy of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure revealed by seismic imaging, Delmarva Peninsula, Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"A 30-km-long, radial seismic reflection and refraction survey completed across the northern part of the late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure (CBIS) on the Delmarva Peninsula, Virginia, USA, confirms that the CBIS is a complex central-peak crater. We used a tomographic P wave velocity model and low-fold reflection images, constrained by data from two deep boreholes located on the profile, to interpret the structure and composition of the upper 5 km of crust. The seismic images exhibit well-defined structural features, including (with increasing radial distance) a collapsed central uplift, a breccia-filled moat, and a collapsed transient-crater margin (which collectively constitute a ???40-km-wide collapsed transient crater), and a shallowly deformed annular trough. These seismic images are the first to resolve the deep structure of the crater (>1 km) and the boundaries between the central uplift, moat, and annular trough. Several distinct seismic signatures distinguish breccia units from each other and from more coherent crystalline rocks below the central uplift, moat, and annular trough. Within the moat, breccia extends to a minimum depth of 1.5 km or a maximum of 3.5 km, depending upon the interpretation of the deepest layered materials. The images show ???350 to 500 m of postimpact sediments above the impactites. The imaged structure of the CBIS indicates a complex sequence of event during the cratering process that will provide new constraints for numerical modeling. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JB005421","issn":"01480","usgsCitation":"Catchings, R.D., Powars, D., Gohn, G.S., Horton, J.W., Goldman, M.R., and Hole, J., 2008, Anatomy of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure revealed by seismic imaging, Delmarva Peninsula, Virginia, USA: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 113, no. 8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005421.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214364,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005421"},{"id":242085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ebf1e4b0c8380cd48fa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Catchings, R. D.","contributorId":98738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powars, D.S.","contributorId":7303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"D.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gohn, G. S.","contributorId":25937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohn","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365 whorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":81184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wright","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goldman, M. R.","contributorId":106934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hole, J.A.","contributorId":103422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hole","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033537,"text":"70033537 - 2008 - Using accelerated life testing procedures to compare the relative sensitivity of rainbow trout and the federally listed threatened bull trout to three commonly used rangeland herbicides (picloram, 2,4-D, and clopyralid)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033537","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using accelerated life testing procedures to compare the relative sensitivity of rainbow trout and the federally listed threatened bull trout to three commonly used rangeland herbicides (picloram, 2,4-D, and clopyralid)","docAbstract":"We conducted 96-h static acute toxicity studies to evaluate the relative sensitivity of juveniles of the threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and the standard cold-water surrogate rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss) to three rangeland herbicides commonly used for controlling invasive weeds in the northwestern United States. Relative species sensitivity was compared using three procedures: standard acute toxicity testing, fractional estimates of lethal concentrations, and accelerated life testing chronic estimation procedures. The acutely lethal concentrations (ALC) resulting in 50% mortality at 96 h (96-h ALC50s) were determined using linear regression and indicated that the three herbicides were toxic in the order of picloram acid > 2,4-D acid > clopyralid acid. The 96-h ALC50 values for rainbow trout were as follows: picloram, 41 mg/L; 2.4-D, 707 mg/L; and clopyralid, 700 mg/L. The 96-h ALC50 values for bull trout were as follows: picloram, 24 mg/L; 2.4-D, 398 mg/L; and clopyralid, 802 mg/L. Fractional estimates of safe concentrations, based on 5% of the 96-h ALC50, were conservative (overestimated toxicity) of regression-derived 96-h ALC5 values by an order of magnitude. Accelerated life testing procedures were used to estimate chronic lethal concentrations (CLC) resulting in 1% mortality at 30 d (30-d CLC1) for the three herbicides: picloram (1 mg/L rainbow trout, 5 mg/L bull trout), 2,4-D (56 mg/L rainbow trout, 84 mg/L bull trout), and clopyralid (477 mg/L rainbow trout; 552 mg/L bull trout). Collectively, the results indicated that the standard surrogate rainbow trout is similar in sensitivity to bull trout. Accelerated life testing procedures provided cost-effective, statistically defensible methods for estimating safe chronic concentrations (30-d CLC1s) of herbicides from acute toxicity data because they use statistical models based on the entire mortality:concentration: time data matrix. ?? 2008 SETAC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/07-342.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Fairchild, J., Allert, A., Sappington, L., Nelson, K., and Valle, J., 2008, Using accelerated life testing procedures to compare the relative sensitivity of rainbow trout and the federally listed threatened bull trout to three commonly used rangeland herbicides (picloram, 2,4-D, and clopyralid): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 27, no. 3, p. 623-630, https://doi.org/10.1897/07-342.1.","startPage":"623","endPage":"630","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214307,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/07-342.1"},{"id":242018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc02be4b08c986b329f83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fairchild, J.F.","contributorId":88891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allert, A.","contributorId":95280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allert","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sappington, L.S.","contributorId":52411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sappington","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, K.J.","contributorId":36957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Valle, J.","contributorId":8685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valle","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033535,"text":"70033535 - 2008 - Identifying mangrove species and their surrounding land use and land cover classes using object-oriented approach with a lacunarity spatial measure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T12:54:02","indexId":"70033535","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1722,"text":"GIScience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying mangrove species and their surrounding land use and land cover classes using object-oriented approach with a lacunarity spatial measure","docAbstract":"Accurate and reliable information on the spatial distribution of mangrove species is needed for a wide variety of applications, including sustainable management of mangrove forests, conservation and reserve planning, ecological and biogeographical studies, and invasive species management. Remotely sensed data have been used for such purposes with mixed results. Our study employed an object-oriented approach with the use of a lacunarity technique to identify different mangrove species and their surrounding land use and land cover classes in a tsunami-affected area of Thailand using Landsat satellite data. Our results showed that the object-oriented approach with lacunarity-transformed bands is more accurate (over-all accuracy 94.2%; kappa coefficient = 0.91) than traditional per-pixel classifiers (overall accuracy 62.8%; and kappa coefficient = 0.57). Copyright ?? 2008 by Bellwether Publishing, Ltd. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","usgsCitation":"Myint, S., Giri, C., Wang, L., Zhu, Z., and Gillete, S., 2008, Identifying mangrove species and their surrounding land use and land cover classes using object-oriented approach with a lacunarity spatial measure: GIScience and Remote Sensing, v. 45, no. 2, p. 188-208.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"188","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214277,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2747/1548-1603.45.2.188"}],"volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a384fe4b0c8380cd61510","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myint, S.W.","contributorId":18103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myint","given":"S.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giri, C.P.","contributorId":29647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giri","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, L.","contributorId":76904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhu, Z.","contributorId":10898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gillete, S.C.","contributorId":51553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillete","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033533,"text":"70033533 - 2008 - Use of sinkhole and specific capacity distributions to assess vertical gradients in a karst aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033533","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of sinkhole and specific capacity distributions to assess vertical gradients in a karst aquifer","docAbstract":"The carbonate-rock aquifer in the Great Valley, West Virginia, USA, was evaluated using a database of 687 sinkholes and 350 specific capacity tests to assess structural, lithologic, and topographic influences on the groundwater flow system. The enhanced permeability of the aquifer is characterized in part by the many sinkholes, springs, and solutionally enlarged fractures throughout the valley. Yet, vertical components of subsurface flow in this highly heterogeneous aquifer are currently not well understood. To address this problem, this study examines the apparent relation between geologic features of the aquifer and two spatial indices of enhanced permeability attributed to aquifer karstification: (1) the distribution of sinkholes and (2) the occurrence of wells with relatively high specific capacity. Statistical results indicate that sinkholes (funnel and collapse) occur primarily along cleavage and bedding planes parallel to subparallel to strike where lateral or downward vertical gradients are highest. Conversely, high specific capacity values are common along prominent joints perpendicular or oblique to strike. The similarity of the latter distribution to that of springs suggests these fractures are areas of upward-convergent flow. These differences between sinkhole and high specific capacity distributions suggest vertical flow components are primarily controlled by the orientation of geologic structure and associated subsurface fracturing. ?? 2007 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-007-0889-1","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"McCoy, K., and Kozar, M., 2008, Use of sinkhole and specific capacity distributions to assess vertical gradients in a karst aquifer: Environmental Geology, v. 54, no. 5, p. 921-935, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-0889-1.","startPage":"921","endPage":"935","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214249,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-0889-1"},{"id":241949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf7ce4b08c986b329bb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCoy, K.J.","contributorId":93147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kozar, M.D.","contributorId":67544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozar","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033528,"text":"70033528 - 2008 - M-log A observations for recent large earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033528","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"M-log A observations for recent large earthquakes","docAbstract":"Using a magnitude (M)-log area (A) dataset augmented with seven large (M > 7.0) earthquakes occurring since Wells and Coppersmith (1994), this short note assesses the current validity of the bilinear M-log A relations for continental, strike-slip earthquakes proposed by Hanks and Bakun (2002), in particular the L-model scaling at M > 7. The relations determined by Hanks and Bakun (2002) are only insignificantly altered, leaving these bilinear M-log A relations as valid now as when first proposed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120070174","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hanks, T.C., and Bakun, W.H., 2008, M-log A observations for recent large earthquakes: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 98, no. 1, p. 490-494, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120070174.","startPage":"490","endPage":"494","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214162,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120070174"},{"id":241856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4aa8e4b0c8380cd68f31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C.","contributorId":35763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033525,"text":"70033525 - 2008 - Surface drift prediction in the Adriatic Sea using hyper-ensemble statistics on atmospheric, ocean and wave models: Uncertainties and probability distribution areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033525","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2381,"text":"Journal of Marine Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface drift prediction in the Adriatic Sea using hyper-ensemble statistics on atmospheric, ocean and wave models: Uncertainties and probability distribution areas","docAbstract":"Despite numerous and regular improvements in underlying models, surface drift prediction in the ocean remains a challenging task because of our yet limited understanding of all processes involved. Hence, deterministic approaches to the problem are often limited by empirical assumptions on underlying physics. Multi-model hyper-ensemble forecasts, which exploit the power of an optimal local combination of available information including ocean, atmospheric and wave models, may show superior forecasting skills when compared to individual models because they allow for local correction and/or bias removal. In this work, we explore in greater detail the potential and limitations of the hyper-ensemble method in the Adriatic Sea, using a comprehensive surface drifter database. The performance of the hyper-ensembles and the individual models are discussed by analyzing associated uncertainties and probability distribution maps. Results suggest that the stochastic method may reduce position errors significantly for 12 to 72??h forecasts and hence compete with pure deterministic approaches. ?? 2007 NATO Undersea Research Centre (NURC).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Marine Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.02.015","issn":"09247963","usgsCitation":"Rixen, M., Ferreira-Coelho, E., and Signell, R., 2008, Surface drift prediction in the Adriatic Sea using hyper-ensemble statistics on atmospheric, ocean and wave models: Uncertainties and probability distribution areas: Journal of Marine Systems, v. 69, no. 1-2, p. 86-98, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.02.015.","startPage":"86","endPage":"98","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476786,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.02.015","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214128,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.02.015"},{"id":241821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9fa5e4b08c986b31e742","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rixen, M.","contributorId":103537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rixen","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferreira-Coelho, E.","contributorId":75396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferreira-Coelho","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Signell, R.","contributorId":76052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033347,"text":"70033347 - 2008 - Longitudinal gradients along a reservoir cascade","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033347","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Longitudinal gradients along a reservoir cascade","docAbstract":"Reservoirs have traditionally been regarded as spatially independent entities rather than as longitudinal segments of a river system that are connected upstream and downstream to the river and other reservoirs. This view has frustrated advancement in reservoir science by impeding adequate organization of available information and by hindering interchanges with allied disciplines that often consider impounded rivers at the basin scale. We analyzed reservoir morphology, water quality, and fish assemblage data collected in 24 reservoirs of the Tennessee River; we wanted to describe longitudinal changes occurring at the scale of the entire reservoir series (i.e., cascade) and to test the hypothesis that fish communities and environmental factors display predictable gradients like those recognized for unimpounded rivers. We used a data set collected over a 7-year period; over 3 million fish representing 94 species were included in the data set. Characteristics such as reservoir mean depth, relative size of the limnetic zone, water retention time, oxygen stratification, thermal stratification, substrate size, and water level fluctuations increased in upstream reservoirs. Conversely, reservoir area, extent of riverine and littoral zones, access to floodplains and associated wetlands, habitat diversity, and nutrient and sediment inputs increased in downstream reservoirs. Upstream reservoirs included few, largely lacustrine, ubiquitous fish taxa that were characteristic of the lentic upper reaches of the basin. Fish species richness increased in a downstream direction from 12 to 67 species/ reservoir as riverine species became more common. Considering impoundments at a basin scale by viewing them as sections in a river or links in a chain may generate insight that is not always available when the impoundments are viewed as isolated entities. Basin-scale variables are rarely controllable but constrain the expression of processes at smaller scales and can facilitate the organization of reservoir management efforts. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T07-262.1","issn":"00028","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L., Habrat, M., and Miyazono, S., 2008, Longitudinal gradients along a reservoir cascade: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 137, no. 6, p. 1851-1865, https://doi.org/10.1577/T07-262.1.","startPage":"1851","endPage":"1865","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213351,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T07-262.1"},{"id":240968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49c2e4b0c8380cd68877","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miranda, L.E.","contributorId":58406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"L.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Habrat, M.D.","contributorId":50361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Habrat","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miyazono, S.","contributorId":79310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miyazono","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033343,"text":"70033343 - 2008 - Greenland ice sheet surface temperature, melt and mass loss: 2000-06","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033343","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Greenland ice sheet surface temperature, melt and mass loss: 2000-06","docAbstract":"A daily time series of 'clear-sky' surface temperature has been compiled of the Greenland ice sheet (GIS) using 1 km resolution moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) land-surface temperature (LST) maps from 2000 to 2006. We also used mass-concentration data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) to study mass change in relationship to surface melt from 2003 to 2006. The mean LST of the GIS increased during the study period by ???0.27??Ca-1. The increase was especially notable in the northern half of the ice sheet during the winter months. Melt-season length and timing were also studied in each of the six major drainage basins. Rapid (<15 days) and sustained mass loss below 2000 m elevation was triggered in 2004 and 2005 as recorded by GRACE when surface melt begins. Initiation of large-scale surface melt was followed rapidly by mass loss. This indicates that surface meltwater is flowing rapidly to the base of the ice sheet, causing acceleration of outlet glaciers, thus highlighting the metastability of parts of the GIS and the vulnerability of the ice sheet to air-temperature increases. If air temperatures continue to rise over Greenland, increased surface melt will play a large role in ice-sheet mass loss.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Glaciology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3189/002214308784409170","issn":"00221430","usgsCitation":"Hall, D., Williams, R., Luthcke, S., and DiGirolamo, N., 2008, Greenland ice sheet surface temperature, melt and mass loss: 2000-06: Journal of Glaciology, v. 54, no. 184, p. 81-93, https://doi.org/10.3189/002214308784409170.","startPage":"81","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476698,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/002214308784409170","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213350,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214308784409170"},{"id":240966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"184","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a6de4b0c8380cd5b17d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, D.K.","contributorId":84506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, R.S. Jr.","contributorId":46102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luthcke, S.B.","contributorId":33125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luthcke","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DiGirolamo, N.E.","contributorId":105110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiGirolamo","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033341,"text":"70033341 - 2008 - Chromium, chromium isotopes and selected trace elements, western Mojave Desert, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:11:26","indexId":"70033341","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chromium, chromium isotopes and selected trace elements, western Mojave Desert, USA","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id19\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id20\"><p id=\"simple-para0115\">Chromium(VI) concentrations in excess of the California Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 50&nbsp;μg/L occur naturally in alkaline, oxic ground-water in alluvial aquifers in the western Mojave Desert, southern California. The highest concentrations were measured in aquifers eroded from mafic rock, but Cr(VI) as high as 27&nbsp;μg/L was measured in aquifers eroded from granitic rock. Chromium(VI) concentrations did not exceed 5&nbsp;μg/L at pH&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;7.5 regardless of geology. δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values in native ground-water ranged from 0.7 to 5.1‰ and values were fractionated relative to the average δ<sup>53</sup>Cr composition of 0‰ in the earth’s crust. Positive δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values of 1.2 and 2.3‰ were measured in ground-water recharge areas having low Cr concentrations, consistent with the addition of Cr(VI) that was fractionated on mineral surfaces prior to entering solution. δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values, although variable, did not consistently increase or decrease with increasing Cr concentrations as ground-water flowed down gradient through more oxic portions of the aquifer. However, increasing δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values were observed as dissolved O<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations decreased, and Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III), and subsequently removed from solution. As a result, the highest δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values were measured in water from deep wells, and wells in discharge areas near dry lakes at the downgradient end of long flow paths through alluvial aquifers. δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values at an industrial site overlying mafic alluvium having high natural background Cr(VI) concentrations ranged from −0.1 to 3.2‰. Near zero δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values at the site were the result of anthropogenic Cr. However, mixing with native ground-water and fractionation of Cr within the plume increased δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values at the site. Although δ<sup>53</sup>Cr was not necessarily diagnostic of anthropogenic Cr, it was possible to identify the extent of anthropogenic Cr at the site on the basis of the δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values in conjunction with major-ion data, and the δ<sup>18</sup>O and δD composition of water from wells.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.11.015","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., Ball, J., Bullen, T., and Sutley, S.J., 2008, Chromium, chromium isotopes and selected trace elements, western Mojave Desert, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 5, p. 1325-1352, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.11.015.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"1325","endPage":"1352","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213321,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.11.015"}],"volume":"23","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5e7e4b0c8380cd4c4a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, J. A. 0000-0003-0816-4408","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":28244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutley, S. J.","contributorId":91484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033330,"text":"70033330 - 2008 - Joint inversion of fundamental and higher mode Rayleigh waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033330","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1234,"text":"Chinese Journal of Geophysics (Acta Geophysica Sinica)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Joint inversion of fundamental and higher mode Rayleigh waves","docAbstract":"In this paper, we analyze the characteristics of the phase velocity of fundamental and higher mode Rayleigh waves in a six-layer earth model. The results show that fundamental mode is more sensitive to the shear velocities of shallow layers (< 7 m) and concentrated in a very narrow band (around 18 Hz) while higher modes are more sensitive to the parameters of relatively deeper layers and distributed over a wider frequency band. These properties provide a foundation of using a multi-mode joint inversion to define S-wave velocity. Inversion results of both synthetic data and a real-world example demonstrate that joint inversion with the damped least squares method and the SVD (Singular Value Decomposition) technique to invert Rayleigh waves of fundamental and higher modes can effectively reduce the ambiguity and improve the accuracy of inverted S-wave velocities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chinese Journal of Geophysics (Acta Geophysica Sinica)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Chinese","issn":"00015733","usgsCitation":"Luo, Y., Xia, J., Liu, J., and Liu, Q., 2008, Joint inversion of fundamental and higher mode Rayleigh waves: Chinese Journal of Geophysics (Acta Geophysica Sinica), v. 51, no. 1, p. 242-249.","startPage":"242","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4001e4b0c8380cd649c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, Y.-H.","contributorId":25765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.-H.","contributorId":58105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, J.-P.","contributorId":102695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"J.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, Q.-S.","contributorId":15017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Q.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}