{"pageNumber":"841","pageRowStart":"21000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46883,"records":[{"id":70032743,"text":"70032743 - 2008 - A consistent framework for Horton regression statistics that leads to a modified Hack's law","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70032743","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A consistent framework for Horton regression statistics that leads to a modified Hack's law","docAbstract":"A statistical framework is introduced that resolves important problems with the interpretation and use of traditional Horton regression statistics. The framework is based on a univariate regression model that leads to an alternative expression for Horton ratio, connects Horton regression statistics to distributional simple scaling, and improves the accuracy in estimating Horton plot parameters. The model is used to examine data for drainage area A and mainstream length L from two groups of basins located in different physiographic settings. Results show that confidence intervals for the Horton plot regression statistics are quite wide. Nonetheless, an analysis of covariance shows that regression intercepts, but not regression slopes, can be used to distinguish between basin groups. The univariate model is generalized to include n > 1 dependent variables. For the case where the dependent variables represent ln A and ln L, the generalized model performs somewhat better at distinguishing between basin groups than two separate univariate models. The generalized model leads to a modification of Hack's law where L depends on both A and Strahler order ??. Data show that ?? plays a statistically significant role in the modified Hack's law expression. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.06.002","issn":"01695","usgsCitation":"Furey, P., and Troutman, B., 2008, A consistent framework for Horton regression statistics that leads to a modified Hack's law: Geomorphology, v. 102, no. 3-4, p. 603-614, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.06.002.","startPage":"603","endPage":"614","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214050,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.06.002"},{"id":241737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e396e4b0c8380cd460fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furey, P.R.","contributorId":11015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furey","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031896,"text":"70031896 - 2008 - Climate controls on C3 vs. C4 productivity in North American grasslands from carbon isotope composition of soil organic matter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T12:00:04","indexId":"70031896","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate controls on C3 vs. C4 productivity in North American grasslands from carbon isotope composition of soil organic matter","docAbstract":"We analyzed the ??13 C of soil organic matter (SOM) and fine roots from 55 native grassland sites widely distributed across the US and Canadian Great Plains to examine the relative production of C3 vs. C4 plants (hereafter %C4) at the continental scale. Our climate vs. %C4 results agreed well with North American field studies on %C4, but showed bias with respect to %C4 from a US vegetation database (statsgo) and weak agreement with a physiologically based prediction that depends on crossover temperature. Although monthly average temperatures have been used in many studies to predict %C4, our analysis shows that high temperatures are better predictors of %C4. In particular, we found that July climate (average of daily high temperature and month's total rainfall) predicted %C4 better than other months, seasons or annual averages, suggesting that the outcome of competition between C3 and C4 plants in North American grasslands was particularly sensitive to climate during this narrow window of time. Root ??13 C increased about 1??? between the A and B horizon, suggesting that C 4 roots become relatively more common than C3 roots with depth. These differences in depth distribution likely contribute to the isotopic enrichment with depth in SOM where both C3 and C4 grasses are present. ?? 2008 The Authors Journal compilation ?? 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01552.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"von Fischer, J., Tieszen, L., and Schimel, D.S., 2008, Climate controls on C3 vs. C4 productivity in North American grasslands from carbon isotope composition of soil organic matter: Global Change Biology, v. 14, no. 5, p. 1141-1155, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01552.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1141","endPage":"1155","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214895,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01552.x"}],"volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f650e4b0c8380cd4c6aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Fischer, J.C.","contributorId":107955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Fischer","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tieszen, L.L.","contributorId":24046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schimel, D. S.","contributorId":84104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schimel","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031849,"text":"70031849 - 2008 - Landsat continuity: Issues and opportunities for land cover monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:02:00","indexId":"70031849","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landsat continuity: Issues and opportunities for land cover monitoring","docAbstract":"<p><span>Initiated in 1972, the Landsat program has provided a continuous record of earth observation for 35&nbsp;years. The assemblage of Landsat spatial, spectral, and temporal resolutions, over a reasonably sized image extent, results in imagery that can be processed to represent land cover over large areas with an amount of spatial detail that is absolutely unique and indispensable for monitoring, management, and scientific activities. Recent technical problems with the two existing Landsat satellites, and delays in the development and launch of a successor, increase the likelihood that a gap in Landsat continuity may occur. In this communication, we identify the key features of the Landsat program that have resulted in the extensive use of Landsat data for large area land cover mapping and monitoring. We then augment this list of key features by examining the data needs of existing large area land cover monitoring programs. Subsequently, we use this list as a basis for reviewing the current constellation of earth observation satellites to identify potential alternative data sources for large area land cover applications. Notions of a virtual constellation of satellites to meet large area land cover mapping and monitoring needs are also presented. Finally, research priorities that would facilitate the integration of these alternative data sources into existing large area land cover monitoring programs are identified. Continuity of the Landsat program and the measurements provided are critical for scientific, environmental, economic, and social purposes. It is difficult to overstate the importance of Landsat; there are no other systems in orbit, or planned for launch in the short-term, that can duplicate or approach replication, of the measurements and information conferred by Landsat. While technical and political options are being pursued, there is no satellite image data stream poised to enter the National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive should system failures occur to Landsat-5 and -7.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2007.07.004","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Wulder, M., White, J.C., Goward, S., Masek, J.G., Irons, J.R., Herold, M., Cohen, W., Loveland, T., and Woodcock, C.E., 2008, Landsat continuity: Issues and opportunities for land cover monitoring: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 112, no. 3, p. 955-969, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2007.07.004.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"955","endPage":"969","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214737,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2007.07.004"}],"volume":"112","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a43d5e4b0c8380cd66654","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wulder, M.A.","contributorId":36287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wulder","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Joanne C.","contributorId":63362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Joanne","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goward, S.N.","contributorId":94514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goward","given":"S.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Masek, J. G.","contributorId":105883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masek","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Irons, J. R.","contributorId":67694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irons","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herold, M.","contributorId":26533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herold","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cohen, W.B.","contributorId":64046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":433434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Woodcock, C. E.","contributorId":93696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodcock","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13570,"text":"Boston University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":433431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70033601,"text":"70033601 - 2008 - Temporal and spatial structure in a daily wildfire-start data set from the western United States (198696)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033601","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and spatial structure in a daily wildfire-start data set from the western United States (198696)","docAbstract":"The temporal and spatial structure of 332 404 daily fire-start records from the western United States for the period 1986 through 1996 is illustrated using several complimentary visualisation techniques. We supplement maps and time series plots with Hovmo??ller diagrams that reduce the spatial dimensionality of the daily data in order to reveal the underlying space?time structure. The mapped distributions of all lightning- and human-started fires during the 11-year interval show similar first-order patterns that reflect the broad-scale distribution of vegetation across the West and the annual cycle of climate. Lightning-started fires are concentrated in the summer half-year and occur in widespread outbreaks that last a few days and reflect coherent weather-related controls. In contrast, fires started by humans occur throughout the year and tend to be concentrated in regions surrounding large-population centres or intensive-agricultural areas. Although the primary controls of human-started fires are their location relative to burnable fuel and the level of human activity, spatially coherent, weather-related variations in their incidence can also be noted. ?? IAWF 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1071/WF07022","issn":"10498001","usgsCitation":"Bartlein, P., Hostetler, S.W., Shafer, S., Holman, J., and Solomon, A., 2008, Temporal and spatial structure in a daily wildfire-start data set from the western United States (198696): International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 17, no. 1, p. 8-17, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF07022.","startPage":"8","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214226,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF07022"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4f3e4b08c986b3206c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartlein, P. J.","contributorId":54566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartlein","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostetler, S. W. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":42911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shafer, S.L.","contributorId":26789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafer","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holman, J.O.","contributorId":11708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holman","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Solomon, A.M.","contributorId":71721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033605,"text":"70033605 - 2008 - Refraction tomography mapping of near-surface dipping layers using landstreamer data at East Canyon Dam, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70033605","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Refraction tomography mapping of near-surface dipping layers using landstreamer data at East Canyon Dam, Utah","docAbstract":"We apply the P-wave refraction-tomography method to seismic data collected with a landstreamer. Refraction-tomography inversion solutions were determined using regularization parameters that provided the most realistic near-surface solutions that best matched the dipping layer structure of nearby outcrops. A reasonably well matched solution was obtained using an unusual set of optimal regularization parameters. In comparison, the use of conventional regularization parameters did not provide as realistic results. Thus, we consider that even if there is only qualitative a-priori information about a site (i.e., visual) - in the case of the East Canyon Dam, Utah - it might be possible to minimize the refraction nonuniqueness by estimating the most appropriate regularization parameters.","largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.3064016","issn":"10523","usgsCitation":"Ivanov, J., Miller, R., Markiewicz, R., and Xia, J., 2008, Refraction tomography mapping of near-surface dipping layers using landstreamer data at East Canyon Dam, Utah, <i>in</i> SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 27, no. 1, p. 3229-3233, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3064016.","startPage":"3229","endPage":"3233","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214281,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3064016"},{"id":241986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a44de4b0e8fec6cdbb1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivanov, J.","contributorId":107068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Markiewicz, R.D.","contributorId":40431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markiewicz","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033065,"text":"70033065 - 2008 - Laboratory and field evaluation of a flushable oxic limestone drain for treatment of net-acidic drainage from a flooded anthracite mine, Pennsylvania, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033065","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laboratory and field evaluation of a flushable oxic limestone drain for treatment of net-acidic drainage from a flooded anthracite mine, Pennsylvania, USA","docAbstract":"This paper demonstrates the use of dissolution-rate data obtained in the laboratory to indicate the potential quality of effluent from a field-scale oxic limestone drain (OLD) treatment system for neutralization of dilute acidic mine drainage (AMD). Effluent from the Reevesdale Mine South Dip Tunnel, a large source of AMD and base flow to the Wabash Creek and Little Schuylkill River in the Southern Anthracite Coalfield of east-central Pennsylvania, is representative of AMD with low concentrations but high loadings of dissolved Fe, Al and other metals because of a high flow rate. In January 2003, rapid neutralization of the AMD from the Reevesdale Mine was achieved in laboratory tests of its reaction rate with crushed limestone in closed, collapsible containers (Cubitainers). The tests showed that net-alkaline effluent could be achieved with retention times greater than 3 h and that effluent alkalinities and associated dissolution rates were equivalent for Fe(OH)3-coated and uncoated limestone. On the basis of the laboratory results, a flushable OLD containing 1450 metric tons of high-purity calcitic limestone followed by two 0.7-m deep wetlands were constructed at the Reevesdale Mine. During the first year of operation, monthly data at the inflow, outflow and intermediate points within the treatment system were collected (April 2006-2007). The inflow to the treatment system ranged from 6.8 to 27.4 L/s, with median pH of 4.7, net acidity of 9.1 mg/L CaCO3, and concentrations of dissolved Al, Fe and Mn of 1.0, 1.9 and 0.89 mg/L, respectively. The corresponding effluent from the OLD had computed void-volume retention times of 4.5-18 h, with median pH of 6.6, net acidity of -93.2 mg/L CaCO3, and concentrations of dissolved Al, Fe and Mn of <0.1, 0.08 and 0.52 mg/L, respectively. The wetlands below the OLD were effective for retaining metal-rich solids flushed at monthly or more frequent intervals from the OLD, but otherwise had little effect on the effluent quality. During the first year of operation, approximately 43 metric tons of limestone were dissolved and 2 metric tons of Al, Fe and Mn were precipitated within the OLD. However, because of the accumulation of these metals within the OLD and possibly other debris from the mine, the effectiveness of the treatment system declined. Despite the installation of a flush-pipe network at the base of the OLD to remove precipitated solids, the limestone bed clogged near the inflow. Consequently, a large fraction of the AMD bypassed the treatment system. To promote flow through the OLD, the flush pipes were open continuously during the last 4 months of the study; however, this effluent was only partially treated because short-circuiting through the pipes decreased contact between the effluent and limestone. A reconfiguration of the flow path through the limestone bed from horizontal to vertical upward could increase the limestone surface area exposed to the metal-laden influent, increase the cross-sectional area perpendicular to flow, decrease the flow path for solids removal, and, consequently, decrease potential for clogging.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.07.015","issn":"08832","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C., 2008, Laboratory and field evaluation of a flushable oxic limestone drain for treatment of net-acidic drainage from a flooded anthracite mine, Pennsylvania, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 12, p. 3404-3422, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.07.015.","startPage":"3404","endPage":"3422","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213387,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.07.015"},{"id":241010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40fee4b0c8380cd651fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, C.A. III","contributorId":18405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"C.A.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70033614,"text":"70033614 - 2008 - Fractionation of Cu and Zn isotopes during adsorption onto amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide: Experimental mixing of acid rock drainage and ambient river water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-01T09:41:42","indexId":"70033614","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fractionation of Cu and Zn isotopes during adsorption onto amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide: Experimental mixing of acid rock drainage and ambient river water","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id14\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id15\"><p>Fractionation of Cu and Zn isotopes during adsorption onto amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide is examined in experimental mixtures of metal-rich acid rock drainage and relatively pure river water and during batch adsorption experiments using synthetic ferrihydrite. A diverse set of Cu- and Zn-bearing solutions was examined, including natural waters, complex synthetic acid rock drainage, and simple NaNO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>electrolyte. Metal adsorption data are combined with isotopic measurements of dissolved Cu (<sup>65</sup>Cu/<sup>63</sup>Cu) and Zn (<sup>66</sup>Zn/<sup>64</sup>Zn) in each of the experiments. Fractionation of Cu and Zn isotopes occurs during adsorption of the metal onto amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide. The adsorption data are modeled successfully using the diffuse double layer model in PHREEQC. The isotopic data are best described by a closed system, equilibrium exchange model. The fractionation factors (<i>α</i><sub>soln–solid</sub>) are 0.99927&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.00008 for Cu and 0.99948&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.00004 for Zn or, alternately, the separation factors (<i>Δ</i><sub>soln–solid</sub>) are −0.73&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.08‰ for Cu and −0.52&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.04‰ for Zn. These factors indicate that the heavier isotope preferentially adsorbs onto the oxyhydroxide surface, which is consistent with shorter metal–oxygen bonds and lower coordination number for the metal at the surface relative to the aqueous ion. Fractionation of Cu isotopes also is greater than that for Zn isotopes. Limited isotopic data for adsorption of Cu, Fe(II), and Zn onto amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide suggest that isotopic fractionation is related to the intrinsic equilibrium constants that define aqueous metal interactions with oxyhydroxide surface sites. Greater isotopic fractionation occurs with stronger metal binding by the oxyhydroxide with Cu&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;Zn&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;Fe(II).</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.013","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Balistrieri, L.S., Borrok, D., Wanty, R., and Ridley, W., 2008, Fractionation of Cu and Zn isotopes during adsorption onto amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide: Experimental mixing of acid rock drainage and ambient river water: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 72, no. 2, p. 311-328, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.013.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"328","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214399,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.013"}],"volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13a8e4b0c8380cd54715","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borrok, D.M.","contributorId":38775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borrok","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ridley, W.I.","contributorId":72122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031893,"text":"70031893 - 2008 - Using HEM surveys to evaluate disposal of by-product water from CBNG development in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70031893","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using HEM surveys to evaluate disposal of by-product water from CBNG development in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Production of methane from thick, extensive coal beds in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming has created water management issues. Since development began in 1997, more than 650 billion liters of water have been produced from approximately 22,000 wells. Infiltration impoundments are used widely to dispose of by-product water from coal bed natural gas (CBNG) production, but their hydrogeologic effects are poorly understood. Helicopter electromagnetic surveys (HEM) were completed in July 2003 and July 2004 to characterize the hydrogeology of an alluvial aquifer along the Powder River. The aquifer is receiving CBNG produced water discharge from infiltration impoundments. HEM data were subjected to Occam's inversion algorithms to determine the aquifer bulk conductivity, which was then correlated towater salinity using site-specific sampling results. The HEM data provided high-resolution images of salinity levels in the aquifer, a result not attainable using traditional sampling methods. Interpretation of these images reveals clearly the produced water influence on aquifer water quality. Potential shortfalls to this method occur where there is no significant contrast in aquifer salinity and infiltrating produced water salinity and where there might be significant changes in aquifer lithology. Despite these limitations, airborne geophysical methods can provide a broadscale (watershed-scale) tool to evaluate CBNG water disposal, especially in areas where field-based investigations are logistically prohibitive. This research has implications for design and location strategies of future CBNG water surface disposal facilities within the Powder River Basin. ?? 2008 2008 Society of ExplorationGeophysicists. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2901200","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Lipinski, B., Sams, J., Smith, B.D., and Harbert, W., 2008, Using HEM surveys to evaluate disposal of by-product water from CBNG development in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming: Geophysics, v. 73, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2901200.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214839,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2901200"},{"id":242591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc012e4b08c986b329ef0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipinski, B.A.","contributorId":53185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipinski","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sams, J.I.","contributorId":76903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sams","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, B. D.","contributorId":71123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harbert, W.","contributorId":28441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbert","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031889,"text":"70031889 - 2008 - Modeling unobserved sources of heterogeneity in animal abundance using a Dirichlet process prior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70031889","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling unobserved sources of heterogeneity in animal abundance using a Dirichlet process prior","docAbstract":"In surveys of natural populations of animals, a sampling protocol is often spatially replicated to collect a representative sample of the population. In these surveys, differences in abundance of animals among sample locations may induce spatial heterogeneity in the counts associated with a particular sampling protocol. For some species, the sources of heterogeneity in abundance may be unknown or unmeasurable, leading one to specify the variation in abundance among sample locations stochastically. However, choosing a parametric model for the distribution of unmeasured heterogeneity is potentially subject to error and can have profound effects on predictions of abundance at unsampled locations. In this article, we develop an alternative approach wherein a Dirichlet process prior is assumed for the distribution of latent abundances. This approach allows for uncertainty in model specification and for natural clustering in the distribution of abundances in a data-adaptive way. We apply this approach in an analysis of counts based on removal samples of an endangered fish species, the Okaloosa darter. Results of our data analysis and simulation studies suggest that our implementation of the Dirichlet process prior has several attractive features not shared by conventional, fully parametric alternatives. ?? 2008, The International Biometric Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biometrics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1541-0420.2007.00873.x","issn":"0006341X","usgsCitation":"Dorazio, R., Mukherjee, B., Zhang, L., Ghosh, M., Jelks, H., and Jordan, F., 2008, Modeling unobserved sources of heterogeneity in animal abundance using a Dirichlet process prior: Biometrics, v. 64, no. 2, p. 635-644, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2007.00873.x.","startPage":"635","endPage":"644","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214804,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2007.00873.x"}],"volume":"64","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c59e4b0c8380cd6fc09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorazio, R.M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":23475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mukherjee, B.","contributorId":106330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mukherjee","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, L.","contributorId":41543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ghosh, M.","contributorId":34342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ghosh","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jelks, H.L. 0000-0002-0672-6297","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0672-6297","contributorId":12000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jelks","given":"H.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jordan, F.","contributorId":80622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032102,"text":"70032102 - 2008 - Building model analysis applications with the Joint Universal Parameter IdenTification and Evaluation of Reliability (JUPITER) API","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:29:26","indexId":"70032102","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Building model analysis applications with the Joint Universal Parameter IdenTification and Evaluation of Reliability (JUPITER) API","docAbstract":"The open-source, public domain JUPITER (Joint Universal Parameter IdenTification and Evaluation of Reliability) API (Application Programming Interface) provides conventions and Fortran-90 modules to develop applications (computer programs) for analyzing process models. The input and output conventions allow application users to access various applications and the analysis methods they embody with a minimum of time and effort. Process models simulate, for example, physical, chemical, and (or) biological systems of interest using phenomenological, theoretical, or heuristic approaches. The types of model analyses supported by the JUPITER API include, but are not limited to, sensitivity analysis, data needs assessment, calibration, uncertainty analysis, model discrimination, and optimization. The advantages provided by the JUPITER API for users and programmers allow for rapid programming and testing of new ideas. Application-specific coding can be in languages other than the Fortran-90 of the API. This article briefly describes the capabilities and utility of the JUPITER API, lists existing applications, and uses UCODE_2005 as an example.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2007.03.016","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Banta, E.R., Hill, M.C., Poeter, E., Doherty, J., and Babendreier, J., 2008, Building model analysis applications with the Joint Universal Parameter IdenTification and Evaluation of Reliability (JUPITER) API: Computers & Geosciences, v. 34, no. 4, p. 310-319, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2007.03.016.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"310","endPage":"319","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214969,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2007.03.016"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2a8e4b0c8380cd4b29e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banta, E. R.","contributorId":63038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poeter, E.","contributorId":48708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeter","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doherty, J.E.","contributorId":86580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Babendreier, J.","contributorId":89367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Babendreier","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032098,"text":"70032098 - 2008 - Natural radionuclide mobility and its influence on U-Th-Pb dating of secondary minerals from the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70032098","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural radionuclide mobility and its influence on U-Th-Pb dating of secondary minerals from the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Extreme U and Pb isotope variations produced by disequilibrium in decay chains of 238U and 232Th are found in calcite, opal/chalcedony, and Mn-oxides occurring as secondary mineral coatings in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. These very slowly growing minerals (mm my-1) contain excess 206Pb and 208Pb formed from excesses of intermediate daughter isotopes and cannot be used as reliable 206Pb/238U geochronometers. The presence of excess intermediate daughter isotopes does not appreciably affect 207Pb/235U ages of U-enriched opal/chalcedony, which are interpreted as mineral formation ages. Opal and calcite from outer (younger) portions of coatings have 230Th/U ages from 94.6 ?? 3.7 to 361.3 ?? 9.8 ka and initial 234U/238U activity ratios (AR) from 4.351 ?? 0.070 to 7.02 ?? 0.12, which indicate 234U enrichment from percolating water. Present-day 234U/238U AR is ???1 in opal/chalcedony from older portions of the coatings. The 207Pb/235U ages of opal/chalcedony samples range from 0.1329 ?? 0.0080 to 9.10 ?? 0.21 Ma, increase with microstratigraphic depth, and define slow long-term average growth rates of about 1.2-2.0 mm my-1, in good agreement with previous results. Measured 234U/238U AR in Mn-oxides, which pre-date the oldest calcite and opal/chalcedony, range from 0.939 ?? 0.006 to 2.091 ?? 0.006 and are >1 in most samples. The range of 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.71156-0.71280) in Mn-oxides overlaps that in the late calcite. These data indicate that Mn-oxides exchange U and Sr with percolating water and cannot be used as a reliable dating tool. In the U-poor calcite samples, measured 206Pb/207Pb ratios have a wide range, do not correlate with Ba concentration as would be expected if excess Ra was present, and reach a value of about 1400, the highest ever reported for natural Pb. Calcite intergrown with opal contains excesses of both 206Pb and 207Pb derived from Rn diffusion and from direct ??-recoil from U-rich opal. Calcite from coatings devoid of opal/chalcedony contains 206Pb and 208Pb excesses, but no appreciable 207Pb excesses. Observed Pb isotope anomalies in calcite are explained by Rn-produced excess Pb. The Rn emanation may strongly affect 206Pb-238U ages of slow-growing U-poor calcite, but should be negligible for dating fast-growing U-enriched speleothem calcite.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2008.02.001","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Neymark, L., and Amelin, Y.V., 2008, Natural radionuclide mobility and its influence on U-Th-Pb dating of secondary minerals from the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 72, no. 8, p. 2067-2089, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.02.001.","startPage":"2067","endPage":"2089","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214905,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.02.001"},{"id":242664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a634ee4b0c8380cd72409","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neymark, L.A. 0000-0003-4190-0278","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":56673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amelin, Y. V.","contributorId":89679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amelin","given":"Y.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031968,"text":"70031968 - 2008 - Space and habitat use by black bears in the Elwha valley prior to dam removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T14:32:46","indexId":"70031968","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Space and habitat use by black bears in the Elwha valley prior to dam removal","docAbstract":"Dam removal and subsequent restoration of salmon to the Elwha River is expected to cause a shift in nutrient dynamics within the watershed. To document how this influx of nutrients and energy may affect black bear (Ursus americanus) ecology, we used radio-telemetry to record movements of 11 male and two female black bears in the Elwha Valley from 2002-06. Our objective was to collect baseline data on bear movements prior to dam removal. We calculated annual home ranges, described seasonal timing of den entry and emergence, and described seasonal patterns of distribution and habitat use. Adaptive kernel home ranges were larger formales (mean = 151.1 km2, SE = 21.4) than females (mean = 38.8 km2, SE = 13.0). Males ranged widely and frequently left the watershed during late summer. Further, they exhibited predictable and synchronous patterns of elevation change throughout each year. Bears entered their winter dens between 8 October and 15 December and emerged from dens between 10 March and 9 May. Male bears used low-elevation conifer and hardwood forests along the Elwha floodplain during spring, mid- to high-elevation forests and meadows during early summer, high-elevation forests, meadows and shrubs during late summer, and mid-elevation forests, shrubs and meadows during fall. Data acquired during this study provide important baseline information for comparison after dam removal, when bears may alter their late summer and fall movement and denning patterns to take advantage of energy-rich spawning salmon.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0029344X","usgsCitation":"Sager-Fradkin, K., Jenkins, K., Happe, P., Beecham, J., Wright, R., and Hoffman, R., 2008, Space and habitat use by black bears in the Elwha valley prior to dam removal: Northwest Science, v. 82, no. SPEC.ISS., p. 164-178.","startPage":"164","endPage":"178","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"SPEC.ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9404e4b08c986b31a7eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sager-Fradkin, K.A.","contributorId":94515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sager-Fradkin","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, K.J.","contributorId":101371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Happe, P.J.","contributorId":20109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Happe","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beecham, J.J.","contributorId":80101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beecham","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, R.G.","contributorId":9622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hoffman, R.A.","contributorId":61661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032050,"text":"70032050 - 2008 - Survival of cool and warm freshwater fish following chloramine-T exposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032050","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of cool and warm freshwater fish following chloramine-T exposure","docAbstract":"Chloramine-T is presently available in the USA to control mortalities associated with bacterial gill disease or external columnaris only through an Investigational New Animal Drug Permit authorized by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Its US approval hinges on FDA's acceptance of several key data, including those describing animal safety. Chloramine-T is presently applied in US aquaculture, by permit only, once daily on consecutive or alternate days for 1??h at 10 to 20??mg/L to control mortalities associated with bacterial gill disease or external columnaris. Our objective was to determine the safety of chloramine-T bath exposures at multiples of the proposed maximum treatment concentration (i.e., 0, 20, 60, 100, and 200??mg/L) administered on four consecutive days at 20????C to lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens, northern pike Esox lucius, and walleye Sander vitreum, or at 27????C to channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. All fish were tested as five to eight week old fry except for walleye and channel catfish which were tested as both fry and fingerling (fingerlings were at least four weeks older than the fry tested). Walleye and channel catfish were selected to evaluate the effects of life stage (fry vs. fingerling), temperature (walleye - 15, 20, or 25????C; channel catfish - 22, 27, or 32????C), exposure duration (60 vs. 180??min), and water chemistry (walleye only - reconstituted soft water vs. well water). Except for channel catfish fry, survival was significantly reduced only when fish were treated at 100 or 200??mg/L. Channel catfish fry survival was significantly reduced when exposed at 60??mg/L for 180??min at 27????C. Based on our mortality data, chloramine-T administered once daily for 60??min on four consecutive days at concentrations of up to 20??mg/L is not likely to adversely affect survival of cool or warmwater fish cultured in freshwater. Crown Copyright ?? 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.12.017","issn":"00448486","usgsCitation":"Gaikowski, M., Larson, W., and Gingerich, W., 2008, Survival of cool and warm freshwater fish following chloramine-T exposure: Aquaculture, v. 275, no. 1-4, p. 20-25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.12.017.","startPage":"20","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214716,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.12.017"},{"id":242465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"275","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2cae4b08c986b31f97a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaikowski, M.P. 0000-0002-6507-9341","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":51685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"M.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, W.J.","contributorId":83489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gingerich, W.H.","contributorId":83481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031922,"text":"70031922 - 2008 - Evidence for fish dispersal from spatial analysis of stream network topology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031922","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for fish dispersal from spatial analysis of stream network topology","docAbstract":"Developing spatially explicit conservation strategies for stream fishes requires an understanding of the spatial structure of dispersal within stream networks. We explored spatial patterns of stream fish dispersal by evaluating how the size and proximity of connected streams (i.e., stream network topology) explained variation in fish assemblage structure and how this relationship varied with local stream size. We used data from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program in wadeable streams of the Mid-Atlantic Highlands region (n = 308 sites). We quantified stream network topology with a continuous analysis based on the rate of downstream flow accumulation from sites and with a discrete analysis based on the presence of mainstem river confluences (i.e., basin area >250 km2) within 20 fluvial km (fkm) from sites. Continuous variation in stream network topology was related to local species richness within a distance of ???10 fkm, suggesting an influence of fish dispersal within this spatial grain. This effect was explained largely by catostomid species, cyprinid species, and riverine species, but was not explained by zoogeographic regions, ecoregions, sampling period, or spatial autocorrelation. Sites near mainstem river confluences supported greater species richness and abundance of catostomid, cyprinid, and ictalurid fishes than did sites >20 fkm from such confluences. Assemblages at sites on the smallest streams were not related to stream network topology, consistent with the hypothesis that local stream size regulates the influence of regional dispersal. These results demonstrate that the size and proximity of connected streams influence the spatial distribution of fish and suggest that these influences can be incorporated into the designs of stream bioassessments and reserves to enhance management efficacy. ?? 2008 by The North American Benthological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1899/07-096.1","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Hitt, N., and Angermeier, P., 2008, Evidence for fish dispersal from spatial analysis of stream network topology: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 27, no. 2, p. 304-320, https://doi.org/10.1899/07-096.1.","startPage":"304","endPage":"320","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214741,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/07-096.1"},{"id":242491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d3fe4b0c8380cd52ed5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hitt, N.P. 0000-0002-1046-4568","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-4568","contributorId":101466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"N.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angermeier, P. L. 0000-0003-2864-170X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":6410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030261,"text":"70030261 - 2008 - Simulated natural hydrologic regime of an intermountain playa conservation site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030261","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulated natural hydrologic regime of an intermountain playa conservation site","docAbstract":"An intermountain playa wetland preserve in Colorado's San Luis Valley was studied to assess how its current hydrologic function compares to its natural hydrologic regime. Current hydrologic conditions were quantified, and on-site effects of off-site water use were assessed. A water-budget model was developed to simulate an unaltered (i.e., natural) hydrologic regime, and simulated natural conditions were compared to observed conditions. From 1998-2002, observed stream inflows accounted for ??? 80% of total annual water inputs. No ground water discharged to the wetland. Evapotranspiration (ET) accounted for ??? 69% of total annual water loss. Simulated natural conditions differed substantially from current altered conditions with respect to depth, variability, and frequency of flooding. During 1998-2002, observed monthly mean surface-water depth was 65% lower than under simulated natural conditions. Observed monthly variability in water depth range from 129% greater (May) to 100% less (September and October) than simulated. As observed, the wetland dried completely (i.e., was ephemeral) in all years; as simulated, the wetland was ephemeral in two of five years. For the period 1915-2002, the simulated wetland was inundated continuously for as long as 16 years and nine months. The large differences in observed and simulated surface-water dynamics resulted from differences between altered and simulated unaltered stream inflows. The maximum and minimum annual total stream inflows observed from 1998-2005 were 3.1 ?? 106 m3 and 0 m3, respectively, versus 15.5 ?? 106 m3 and 3.2 ?? 106 m3 under simulated natural conditions from 1915-2002. The maximum simulated inflow was 484% greater than observed. These data indicate that the current hydrologic regime of this intermountain playa differs significantly from its natural hydrologic regime, which has important implications for planning and assessing conservation success. ?? 2008, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/07-76.1","issn":"02775","usgsCitation":"Sanderson, J., Kotliar, N., Steingraeber, D., and Browne, C., 2008, Simulated natural hydrologic regime of an intermountain playa conservation site: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 2, p. 363-377, https://doi.org/10.1672/07-76.1.","startPage":"363","endPage":"377","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212033,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/07-76.1"},{"id":239437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fb7e4b08c986b3190cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanderson, J.S.","contributorId":13424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanderson","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kotliar, N.B.","contributorId":7649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotliar","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steingraeber, D.A.","contributorId":95269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steingraeber","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Browne, C.","contributorId":30035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browne","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033617,"text":"70033617 - 2008 - Dissolved metals and associated constituents in abandoned coal-mine discharges, Pennsylvania, USA. Part 2: Geochemical controls on constituent concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033617","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolved metals and associated constituents in abandoned coal-mine discharges, Pennsylvania, USA. Part 2: Geochemical controls on constituent concentrations","docAbstract":"Water-quality data for discharges from 140 abandoned mines in the Anthracite and Bituminous Coalfields of Pennsylvania reveal complex relations among the pH and dissolved solute concentrations that can be explained with geochemical equilibrium models. Observed values of pH ranged from 2.7 to 7.3 in the coal-mine discharges (CMD). Generally, flow rates were smaller and solute concentrations were greater for low-pH CMD samples; pH typically increased with flow rate. Although the frequency distribution of pH was similar for the anthracite and bituminous discharges, the bituminous discharges had smaller median flow rates; greater concentrations of SO4, Fe, Al, As, Cd, Cu, Ni and Sr; comparable concentrations of Mn, Cd, Zn and Se; and smaller concentrations of Ba and Pb than anthracite discharges with the same pH values. The observed relations between the pH and constituent concentrations can be attributed to (1) dilution of acidic water by near-neutral or alkaline ground water; (2) solubility control of Al, Fe, Mn, Ba and Sr by hydroxide, sulfate, and/or carbonate minerals; and (3) aqueous SO4-complexation and surface-complexation (adsorption) reactions. The formation of AlSO4+ and AlHSO42 + complexes adds to the total dissolved Al concentration at equilibrium with Al(OH)3 and/or Al hydroxysulfate phases and can account for 10-20 times greater concentrations of dissolved Al in SO4-laden bituminous discharges compared to anthracite discharges at pH of 5. Sulfate complexation can also account for 10-30 times greater concentrations of dissolved FeIII concentrations at equilibrium with Fe(OH)3 and/or schwertmannite (Fe8O8(OH)4.5(SO4)1.75) at pH of 3-5. In contrast, lower Ba concentrations in bituminous discharges indicate that elevated SO4 concentrations in these CMD sources could limit Ba concentrations by the precipitation of barite (BaSO4). Coprecipitation of Sr with barite could limit concentrations of this element. However, concentrations of dissolved Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, and most other trace cations in CMD samples were orders of magnitude less than equilibrium with sulfate, carbonate, and/or hydroxide minerals. Surface complexation (adsorption) by hydrous ferric oxides (HFO) could account for the decreased concentrations of these divalent cations with increased pH. In contrast, increased concentrations of As and, to a lesser extent, Se with increased pH could result from the adsorption of these oxyanions by HFO at low pH and desorption at near-neutral pH. Hence, the solute concentrations in CMD and the purity of associated \"ochres\" formed in CMD settings are expected to vary with pH and aqueous SO4 concentration, with potential for elevated SO4, As and Se in ochres formed at low pH and elevated Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn in ochres formed at near-neutral pH. Elevated SO4 content of ochres could enhance the adsorption of cations at low pH, but decrease the adsorption of anions such as As. Such information on environmental processes that control element concentrations in aqueous samples and associated precipitates could be useful in the design of systems to reduce dissolved contaminant concentrations and/or to recover potentially valuable constituents in mine effluents.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.003","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C., 2008, Dissolved metals and associated constituents in abandoned coal-mine discharges, Pennsylvania, USA. Part 2: Geochemical controls on constituent concentrations: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 2, p. 203-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.003.","startPage":"203","endPage":"226","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214462,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.003"},{"id":242190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0236e4b0c8380cd4ff4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, C.A. III","contributorId":18405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"C.A.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70033619,"text":"70033619 - 2008 - Relationships between microbial communities and environmental parameters at sites impacted by mining of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, Prince William Sound, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033619","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships between microbial communities and environmental parameters at sites impacted by mining of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, Prince William Sound, Alaska","docAbstract":"The relations among geochemical parameters and sediment microbial communities were examined at three shoreline sites in the Prince William Sound, Alaska, which display varying degrees of impact by acid-rock drainage (ARD) associated with historic mining of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits. Microbial communities were examined using total fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), a class of compounds derived from lipids produced by eukaryotes and prokaryotes (bacteria and Archaea); standard extraction techniques detect FAMEs from both living (viable) and dead (non-viable) biomass, but do not detect Archaeal FAMEs. Biomass and diversity (as estimated by FAMEs) varied strongly as a function of position in the tidal zone, not by study site; subtidal muds, Fe oxyhydroxide undergoing biogenic reductive dissolution, and peat-rich intertidal sediment had the highest values. These estimates were lowest in acid-generating, intertidal zone sediment; if valid, the estimates suggest that only one or two bacterial species predominate in these communities, and/or that Archeal species are important members of the microbial community in this sediment. All samples were dominated by bacterial FAMEs (median value >90%). Samples with the highest absolute abundance of eukaryotic FAMEs were biogenic Fe oxyhydroxides from shallow freshwater pools (fungi) and subtidal muds (diatoms). Eukaryotic FAMEs were practically absent from low-pH, sulfide-rich intertidal zone sediments. The relative abundance of general microbial functional groups such as aerobes/anaerobes and gram(+)/gram(-) was not estimated due to severe inconsistency among the results obtained using several metrics reported in the literature. Principal component analyses (PCAs) were performed to investigate the relationship among samples as separate functions of water, sediment, and FAMEs data. PCAs based on water chemistry and FAMEs data resulted in similar relations among samples, whereas the PCA based on sediment chemistry produced a very different sample arrangement. Specifically, the sediment parameter PCA grouped samples with high bulk trace metal concentration regardless of whether the metals were incorporated into secondary precipitates or primary sulfides. The water chemistry PCA and FAMEs PCA appear to be less prone to this type of artifact. Signature lipids in sulfide-rich sediments could indicate the presence of acid-tolerant and/or acidophilic members of the genus Thiobacillus or they could indicate the presence of SO4-reducing bacteria. The microbial community documented in subtidal and offshore sediments is rich in SRB and/or facultative anaerobes of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group; both could reasonably be expected in PWS coastal environments. The results of this study provide evidence for substantial feedback between local (meter to centimeter-scale) geochemical variations, and sediment microbial community composition, and show that microbial community signatures in the intertidal zone are significantly altered at sites where ARD drainage is present relative to sites where it is not, even if the sediment geochemistry indicates net accumulation of ARD-generated trace metals in the intertidal zone. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.012","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Foster, A., Munk, L., Koski, R., Shanks, W.C., and Stillings, L., 2008, Relationships between microbial communities and environmental parameters at sites impacted by mining of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, Prince William Sound, Alaska: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 2, p. 279-307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.012.","startPage":"279","endPage":"307","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214520,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.012"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a7a9e4b0e8fec6cdc530","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, A. L. 0000-0003-1362-0068","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-0068","contributorId":17190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munk, L.","contributorId":45889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munk","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koski, R.A.","contributorId":16006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stillings, L.L.","contributorId":52229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stillings","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032804,"text":"70032804 - 2008 - Modeling mechanisms of vegetation change due to fire in a semi-arid ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032804","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling mechanisms of vegetation change due to fire in a semi-arid ecosystem","docAbstract":"Vegetation growth and community composition in semi-arid environments is determined by water availability and carbon assimilation mechanisms specific to different plant types. Disturbance also impacts vegetation productivity and composition dependent on area affected, intensity, and frequency factors. In this study, a new spatially explicit ecosystem model is presented for the purpose of simulating vegetation cover type changes associated with fire disturbance in the northern Chihuahuan Desert region. The model is called the Landscape and Fire Simulator (LAFS) and represents physiological activity of six functional plant types incorporating site climate, fire, and seed dispersal routines for individual grid cells. We applied this model for Big Bend National Park, Texas, by assessing the impact of wildfire on the trajectory of vegetation communities over time. The model was initialized and calibrated based on landcover maps derived from Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper data acquired in 1986 and 1999 coupled with plant biomass measurements collected in the field during 2000. Initial vegetation cover change analysis from satellite data showed shrub encroachment during this time period that was captured in the simulated results. A synthetic 50-year climate record was derived from historical meteorological data to assess system response based on initial landcover conditions. This simulation showed that shrublands increased to the detriment of grass and yucca-ocotillo vegetation cover types indicating an ecosystem-level trajectory for shrub encroachment. Our analysis of simulated fires also showed that fires significantly reduced site biomass components including leaf area, stem, and seed biomass in this semi-arid ecosystem. In contrast to other landscape simulation models, this new model incorporates detailed physiological responses of functional plant types that will allow us to simulated the impact of increased atmospheric CO2 occurring with climate change coupled with fire disturbance. Simulations generated from this model are expected to be the subject of subsequent studies on landscape dynamics with specific regard to prediction of wildlife distributions associated with fire management and climate change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.02.032","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"White, J., Gutzwiller, K., Barrow, W., Randall, L., and Swint, P., 2008, Modeling mechanisms of vegetation change due to fire in a semi-arid ecosystem: Ecological Modelling, v. 214, no. 2-4, p. 181-200, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.02.032.","startPage":"181","endPage":"200","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213900,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.02.032"},{"id":241570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"214","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c09e4b0c8380cd6f9b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, J.D.","contributorId":42923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutzwiller, K.J.","contributorId":78124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutzwiller","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barrow, W.C. 0000-0003-4671-2823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":17322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"W.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Randall, L.J.","contributorId":57669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swint, P.","contributorId":37968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swint","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033621,"text":"70033621 - 2008 - Three-dimensional flow in the storative semiconfining layers of a leaky aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70033621","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional flow in the storative semiconfining layers of a leaky aquifer","docAbstract":"An analytical solution for three-dimensional (3D) flow in the storative semiconfining layers of a leaky aquifer fully penetrated by a production well is developed in this article to provide a method from which accurate hydraulic parameters in the semiconfining layers can be derived from aquifer test data. The analysis of synthetic aquifer test data with the 3D analytical solution in the semiconfining layers provided more accurate optimal hydraulic parameters than those derived using the available quasi-two-dimensional (2D) solution. Differences between the 3D and 2D flow solutions in the semiconfining layers become larger when a no flow boundary condition is imposed at either at the top of the upper semiconfining layer or at the bottom of the lower semiconfining layer or when the hydraulic conductivity ratio of the semiconfining layer to the aquifer is larger than 0.001. In addition, differences between the 3D and 2D flow solutions in the semiconfining layers are illustrated when the thickness ratio of the semiconfining layer to the aquifer is changed. Analysis of water level data from two hypothetical and one real aquifer test showed that the 3D solution in the semiconfining layers provides lower correlation coefficients among hydraulic parameters than the 2D solution. ?? 2007 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00361.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, N., 2008, Three-dimensional flow in the storative semiconfining layers of a leaky aquifer: Ground Water, v. 46, no. 1, p. 144-155, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00361.x.","startPage":"144","endPage":"155","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214553,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00361.x"},{"id":242288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb327e4b08c986b325bfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, N.","contributorId":56805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70033736,"text":"70033736 - 2008 - Quantile regression applied to spectral distance decay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033736","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1940,"text":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantile regression applied to spectral distance decay","docAbstract":"Remotely sensed imagery has long been recognized as a powerful support for characterizing and estimating biodiversity. Spectral distance among sites has proven to be a powerful approach for detecting species composition variability. Regression analysis of species similarity versus spectral distance allows us to quantitatively estimate the amount of turnover in species composition with respect to spectral and ecological variability. In classical regression analysis, the residual sum of squares is minimized for the mean of the dependent variable distribution. However, many ecological data sets are characterized by a high number of zeroes that add noise to the regression model. Quantile regressions can be used to evaluate trend in the upper quantiles rather than a mean trend across the whole distribution of the dependent variable. In this letter, we used ordinary least squares (OLS) and quantile regressions to estimate the decay of species similarity versus spectral distance. The achieved decay rates were statistically nonzero (p < 0.01), considering both OLS and quantile regressions. Nonetheless, the OLS regression estimate of the mean decay rate was only half the decay rate indicated by the upper quantiles. Moreover, the intercept value, representing the similarity reached when the spectral distance approaches zero, was very low compared with the intercepts of the upper quantiles, which detected high species similarity when habitats are more similar. In this letter, we demonstrated the power of using quantile regressions applied to spectral distance decay to reveal species diversity patterns otherwise lost or underestimated by OLS regression. ?? 2008 IEEE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1109/LGRS.2008.2001767","issn":"15455","usgsCitation":"Rocchini, D., and Cade, B., 2008, Quantile regression applied to spectral distance decay: IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, v. 5, no. 4, p. 640-643, https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2008.2001767.","startPage":"640","endPage":"643","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214289,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2008.2001767"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91f5e4b0c8380cd80582","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rocchini, D.","contributorId":66556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocchini","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033738,"text":"70033738 - 2008 - Land cover and forest formation distributions for St. Kitts, Nevis, St. Eustatius, Grenada and Barbados from decision tree classification of cloud-cleared satellite imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-24T12:50:35","indexId":"70033738","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1185,"text":"Caribbean Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land cover and forest formation distributions for St. Kitts, Nevis, St. Eustatius, Grenada and Barbados from decision tree classification of cloud-cleared satellite imagery","docAbstract":"<p>Satellite image-based mapping of tropical forests is vital to conservation planning. Standard methods for automated image classification, however, limit classification detail in complex tropical landscapes. In this study, we test an approach to Landsat image interpretation on four islands of the Lesser Antilles, including Grenada and St. Kitts, Nevis and St. Eustatius, testing a more detailed classification than earlier work in the latter three islands. Secondly, we estimate the extents of land cover and protected forest by formation for five islands and ask how land cover has changed over the second half of the 20th century. The image interpretation approach combines image mosaics and ancillary geographic data, classifying the resulting set of raster data with decision tree software. Cloud-free image mosaics for one or two seasons were created by applying regression tree normalization to scene dates that could fill cloudy areas in a base scene. Such mosaics are also known as cloud-filled, cloud-minimized or cloud-cleared imagery, mosaics, or composites. The approach accurately distinguished several classes that more standard methods would confuse; the seamless mosaics aided reference data collection; and the multiseason imagery allowed us to separate drought deciduous forests and woodlands from semi-deciduous ones. Cultivated land areas declined 60 to 100 percent from about 1945 to 2000 on several islands. Meanwhile, forest cover has increased 50 to 950%. This trend will likely continue where sugar cane cultivation has dominated. Like the island of Puerto Rico, most higher-elevation forest formations are protected in formal or informal reserves. Also similarly, lowland forests, which are drier forest types on these islands, are not well represented in reserves. Former cultivated lands in lowland areas could provide lands for new reserves of drier forest types. The land-use history of these islands may provide insight for planners in countries currently considering lowland forest clearing for agriculture. Copyright 2008 College of Arts and Sciences.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Caribbean Journal of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00086","usgsCitation":"Helmer, E., Kennaway, T., Pedreros, D., Clark, M.L., Marcano-Vega, H., Tieszen, L., Ruzycki, T., Schill, S., and Carrington, C., 2008, Land cover and forest formation distributions for St. Kitts, Nevis, St. Eustatius, Grenada and Barbados from decision tree classification of cloud-cleared satellite imagery: Caribbean Journal of Science, v. 44, no. 2, p. 175-198.","startPage":"175","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242031,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307240,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.caribjsci.org/index.html"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a41a2e4b0c8380cd65690","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helmer, E.H.","contributorId":22213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helmer","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennaway, T.A.","contributorId":68181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennaway","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pedreros, D.H. 0000-0001-9943-7373","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9943-7373","contributorId":44051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedreros","given":"D.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, M. L.","contributorId":19595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marcano-Vega, H.","contributorId":101529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcano-Vega","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tieszen, L.L.","contributorId":24046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ruzycki, T.R.","contributorId":37217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruzycki","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schill, S.R.","contributorId":36023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Carrington, C.M.S.","contributorId":11480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrington","given":"C.M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70032060,"text":"70032060 - 2008 - Inverse geochemical modeling of groundwater evolution with emphasis on arsenic in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, Arkansas (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70032060","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inverse geochemical modeling of groundwater evolution with emphasis on arsenic in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, Arkansas (USA)","docAbstract":"Inverse geochemical modeling (PHREEQC) was used to identify the evolution of groundwater with emphasis on arsenic (As) release under reducing conditions in the shallow (25-30 m) Mississippi River Valley Alluvial aquifer, Arkansas, USA. The modeling was based on flow paths defined by high-precision (??2 cm) water level contour map; X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopic (SEM), and chemical analysis of boring-sediments for minerals; and detailed chemical analysis of groundwater along the flow paths. Potential phases were constrained using general trends in chemical analyses data of groundwater and sediments, and saturation indices data (MINTEQA2) of minerals in groundwater. Modeling results show that calcite, halite, fluorite, Fe oxyhydroxide, organic matter, H2S (gas) were dissolving with mole transfers of 1.40E - 03, 2.13E - 04, 4.15E - 06, 1.25E + 01, 3.11, and 9.34, respectively along the dominant flow line. Along the same flow line, FeS, siderite, and vivianite were precipitating with mole transfers of 9.34, 3.11, and 2.64E - 07, respectively. Cation exchange reactions of Ca2+ (4.93E - 04 mol) for Na+ (2.51E - 04 mol) on exchange sites occurred along the dominant flow line. Gypsum dissolution reactions were dominant over calcite dissolution in some of the flow lines due to the common ion effect. The concentration of As in groundwater ranged from <0.5 to 77 ??g/L. Twenty percent total As was complexed with Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides. The redox environment, chemical data of sediments and groundwater, and the results of inverse geochemical modeling indicate that reductive dissolution of Fe oxyhydroxide is the dominant process of As release in the groundwater. The relative rate of reduction of Fe oxyhydroxide over SO42 - with co-precipitation of As into sulfide is the limiting factor controlling dissolved As in groundwater. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.027","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Sharif, M., Davis, R., Steele, K., Kim, B., Kresse, T., and Fazio, J., 2008, Inverse geochemical modeling of groundwater evolution with emphasis on arsenic in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, Arkansas (USA): Journal of Hydrology, v. 350, no. 1-2, p. 41-55, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.027.","startPage":"41","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214875,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.027"},{"id":242631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"350","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e4be4b0c8380cd63c5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharif, M.U.","contributorId":106243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharif","given":"M.U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, R.K.","contributorId":85307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steele, K.F.","contributorId":50270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kim, B.","contributorId":93173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kresse, T.M.","contributorId":107019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kresse","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fazio, J.A.","contributorId":63135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fazio","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032714,"text":"70032714 - 2008 - Land use and the structure of western US stream invertebrate assemblages: Predictive models and ecological traits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T14:17:51","indexId":"70032714","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land use and the structure of western US stream invertebrate assemblages: Predictive models and ecological traits","docAbstract":"Inferences drawn from regional bioassessments could be strengthened by integrating data from different monitoring programs. We combined data from the US Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program and the US Environmental Protection Agency Wadeable Streams Assessment (WSA) to expand the scope of an existing River InVertebrate Prediction and Classification System (RIVPACS)-type predictive model and to assess the biological condition of streams across the western US in a variety of landuse classes. We used model-derived estimates of taxon-specific probabilities of capture and observed taxon occurrences to identify taxa that were absent from sites where they were predicted to occur (decreasers) and taxa that were present at sites where they were not predicted to occur (increasers). Integration of 87 NAWQA reference sites increased the scope of the existing WSA predictive model to include larger streams and later season sampling. Biological condition at 336 NAWQA test sites was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with basin land use and tended to be lower in basins with intensive landuse modification (e.g., mixed, urban, and agricultural basins) than in basins with relatively undisturbed land use (e.g., forested basins). Of the 437 taxa observed among reference and test sites, 180 (41%) were increasers or decreasers. In general, decreasers had a different set of ecological traits (functional traits or tolerance values) than did increasers. We could predict whether a taxon was a decreaser or an increaser based on just a few traits, e.g., desiccation resistance, timing of larval development, habit, and thermal preference, but we were unable to predict the type of basin land use from trait states present in invertebrate assemblages. Refined characterization of traits might be required before bioassessment data can be used routinely to aid in the diagnoses of the causes of biological impairment. ?? 2008 by The North American Benthological Society.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1899/07-176.1","issn":"08873","usgsCitation":"Carlisle, D., and Hawkins, C., 2008, Land use and the structure of western US stream invertebrate assemblages: Predictive models and ecological traits: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 27, no. 4, p. 986-999, https://doi.org/10.1899/07-176.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"986","endPage":"999","ipdsId":"IP-004069","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon,  Utah, Washington, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-104.053249,41.001406],[-102.124972,41.002338],[-102.051292,40.749591],[-102.04192,37.035083],[-102.979613,36.998549],[-103.002247,36.911587],[-103.064423,32.000518],[-106.565142,32.000736],[-106.577244,31.810406],[-106.750547,31.783706],[-108.208394,31.783599],[-108.208573,31.333395],[-111.000643,31.332177],[-114.813613,32.494277],[-114.722746,32.713071],[-117.118868,32.534706],[-117.50565,33.334063],[-118.088896,33.729817],[-118.428407,33.774715],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-119.159554,34.119653],[-119.616862,34.420995],[-120.441975,34.451512],[-120.608355,34.556656],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.873046,35.225688],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-121.851967,36.277831],[-121.932508,36.559935],[-121.788278,36.803994],[-121.880167,36.950151],[-122.140578,36.97495],[-122.419113,37.24147],[-122.511983,37.77113],[-122.425942,37.810979],[-122.168449,37.504143],[-122.144396,37.581866],[-122.385908,37.908136],[-122.301804,38.105142],[-122.484411,38.11496],[-122.492474,37.82484],[-122.972378,38.020247],[-123.103706,38.415541],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-124.373599,40.392923],[-124.063076,41.439579],[-124.536073,42.814175],[-124.150267,43.91085],[-123.962887,45.280218],[-123.996766,46.20399],[-123.548194,46.248245],[-124.029924,46.308312],[-124.06842,46.601397],[-123.97083,46.47537],[-123.84621,46.716795],[-124.022413,46.708973],[-124.108078,46.836388],[-123.86018,46.948556],[-124.138035,46.970959],[-124.425195,47.738434],[-124.672427,47.964414],[-124.727022,48.371101],[-123.981032,48.164761],[-122.748911,48.117026],[-122.637425,47.889945],[-123.15598,47.355745],[-122.527593,47.905882],[-122.578211,47.254804],[-122.725738,47.33047],[-122.691771,47.141958],[-122.796646,47.341654],[-122.863732,47.270221],[-122.67813,47.103866],[-122.364168,47.335953],[-122.429841,47.658919],[-122.230046,47.970917],[-122.425572,48.232887],[-122.358375,48.056133],[-122.512031,48.133931],[-122.424102,48.334346],[-122.689121,48.476849],[-122.425271,48.599522],[-122.796887,48.975026],[-104.048736,48.999877],[-104.053249,41.001406]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.5667,34.053452],[-119.795938,33.962929],[-119.916216,34.058351],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.573522,32.969183],[-118.369984,32.839273],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.32446,33.348782],[-118.593969,33.467198],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-122.519535,48.288314],[-122.66921,48.240614],[-122.400628,48.036563],[-122.419274,47.912125],[-122.744612,48.20965],[-122.664928,48.374823],[-122.519535,48.288314]]],[[[-122.800217,48.60169],[-122.883759,48.418793],[-123.173061,48.579086],[-122.949116,48.693398],[-122.743049,48.661991],[-122.800217,48.60169]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Arizona\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4383e4b0c8380cd663c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlisle, D.M.","contributorId":81059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hawkins, C.P.","contributorId":64454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkins","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030448,"text":"70030448 - 2008 - Regional groundwater flow in mountainous terrain: Three‐dimensional simulations of topographic and hydrogeologic controls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T12:08:17","indexId":"70030448","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional groundwater flow in mountainous terrain: Three‐dimensional simulations of topographic and hydrogeologic controls","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content n/a main\"><p>This study uses numerical simulations to define the salient controls on regional groundwater flow in 3‐D mountainous terrain by systematically varying topographic and hydrogeologic variables. Topography for idealized multiple‐basin mountainous terrain is derived from geomatic data and literature values. Water table elevation, controlled by the ratio of recharge to hydraulic conductivity, largely controls the distribution of recharged water into local, regional, and perpendicular flow systems, perpendicular flow being perpendicular to the regional topographic gradient. Both the relative (%) and absolute (m<sup>3</sup>/d) values of regional flow and perpendicular flow are examined. The relationship between regional flow and water table elevation is highly nonlinear. With lower water table elevations, relative and absolute regional flow dramatically increase and decrease, respectively, as the water table is lowered further. However, for higher water table elevations above the top of the headwater stream, changes in water table elevation have little effect on regional flow. Local flow predominates in high water table configurations, with regional and perpendicular flow &lt;15% and &lt;10%, respectively, of total recharge in the models tested. Both the relative and the maximum absolute regional flow are directly controlled by the degree of incision of the mountain drainage network; the elevation of mountain ridges is considerably less important. The percentage of the headwater stream with perennial streamflow is a potentially powerful indicator of regional flow in all water table configurations and may be a good indicator of the susceptibility of mountain groundwater systems to increased aridity.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR006848","usgsCitation":"Gleeson, T., and Manning, A.H., 2008, Regional groundwater flow in mountainous terrain: Three‐dimensional simulations of topographic and hydrogeologic controls: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 10, Article W10403; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR006848.","productDescription":"Article W10403; 16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476724,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr006848","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a523e4b0e8fec6cdbd3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gleeson, Tom","contributorId":81041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleeson","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033625,"text":"70033625 - 2008 - Cancer mortality in a Chinese population exposed to hexavalent chromium in drinking water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033625","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1580,"text":"Epidemiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cancer mortality in a Chinese population exposed to hexavalent chromium in drinking water","docAbstract":"BACKGROUND: In 1987, investigators in Liaoning Province, China, reported that mortality rates for all cancer, stomach cancer, and lung cancer in 1970-1978 were higher in villages with hexavalent chromium (Cr)-contaminated drinking water than in the general population. The investigators reported rates, but did not report statistical measures of association or precision. METHODS: Using reports and other communications from investigators at the local Jinzhou Health and Anti-Epidemic Station, we obtained data on Cr contamination of groundwater and cancer mortality in 9 study regions near a ferrochromium factory. We estimated:(1) person-years at risk in the study regions, based on census and population growth rate data, (2) mortality counts, based on estimated person-years at risk and previously reported mortality rates, and (3) rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: The all-cancer mortality rate in the combined 5 study regions with Cr-contaminated water was negligibly elevated in comparison with the rate in the 4 combined study regions without contaminated water (rate ratio = 1.13; 95% confidence interval = 0.86-1.46), but was somewhat more elevated in comparison with the whole province (1.23; 0.97-1.53). Stomach cancer mortality in the regions with contaminated water was more substantially elevated in comparison with the regions without contaminated water (1.82; 1.11-2.91) and the whole province (1.69; 1.12-2.44). Lung cancer mortality was slightly elevated in comparison with the unexposed study regions (1.15; 0.62-2.07), and more strongly elevated in comparison with the whole province (1.78; 1.03-2.87). Mortality from other cancers combined was not elevated in comparison with either the unexposed study regions (0.86; 0.53-1.36) or the whole province (0.92; 0.58-1.38). CONCLUSIONS: While these data are limited, they are consistent with increased stomach cancer risk in a population exposed to Cr in drinking water. ?? 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Epidemiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1097/EDE.0b013e31815cea4c","issn":"10443983","usgsCitation":"Beaumont, J., Sedman, R., Reynolds, S., Sherman, C., Li, L., Howd, R., Sandy, M., Zeise, L., and Alexeeff, G., 2008, Cancer mortality in a Chinese population exposed to hexavalent chromium in drinking water: Epidemiology, v. 19, no. 1, p. 12-23, https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e31815cea4c.","startPage":"12","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214133,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e31815cea4c"},{"id":241827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f340e4b0c8380cd4b6c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beaumont, J.J.","contributorId":22592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaumont","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sedman, R.M.","contributorId":33133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedman","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, S.D.","contributorId":101449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sherman, C.D.","contributorId":9879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherman","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Li, L.-H.","contributorId":7922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"L.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Howd, R.A.","contributorId":71778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howd","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sandy, M.S.","contributorId":20170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandy","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zeise, L.","contributorId":43184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeise","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Alexeeff, G.V.","contributorId":97336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexeeff","given":"G.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
]}