This study investigates the removal of As(III) from solution using mackinawite, a nanoparticulate reduced iron sulfide. Mackinawite suspensions (0.1−40 g/L) effectively lower initial concentrations of 1.3×10−5 M As(III) from pH 5−10, with maximum removal occurring under acidic conditions. Based on Eh measurements, it was found that the redox state of the system depended on the mackinawite solids concentration and pH. Higher initial mackinawite concentrations and alkaline pH resulted in a more reducing redox condition. Given this, the pH edge data were modeled thermodynamically using pe (−log[e−]) as a fitting parameter and linear pe−pH relationships within the range of measured Eh values as a function of pH and mackinawite concentration. The model predicts removal of As(III) from solution by precipitation of realgar with the formation of secondary oxidation products, greigite or a mixed-valence iron oxide phase, depending on pH. This study demonstrates that mackinawite is an effective sequestration agent for As(III) and highlights the importance of incorporating redox into models describing the As−Fe−S−H2O system.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es801669g","issn":"00139","usgsCitation":"Gallegos, T., Han, Y., and Hayes, K., 2008, Model predictions of realgar precipitation by reaction of As(III) with synthetic mackinawite under anoxic conditions: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 42, no. 24, p. 9338-9343, https://doi.org/10.1021/es801669g.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"9338","endPage":"9343","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bb1e4b0c8380cd6f739","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallegos, T.J. 0000-0003-3350-6473","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-6473","contributorId":11834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos","given":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Han, Y.-S.","contributorId":64898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Han","given":"Y.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayes, K.F.","contributorId":103089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031783,"text":"70031783 - 2008 - Effectiveness of lethal, directed wolf-depredation control in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70031783","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effectiveness of lethal, directed wolf-depredation control in Minnesota","docAbstract":"Wolf (Canis lupus) depredations on livestock in Minnesota, USA, are an economic problem for many livestock producers, and depredating wolves are lethally controlled. We sought to determine the effectiveness of lethal control through the analysis of data from 923 government-verified wolf depredations from 1979 to 1998. We analyzed the data by 1) assessing the correlations between the number of wolves killed in response to depredations with number of depredations the following year at state and local levels, and 2) the time to the next depredation. No analysis indicated that trapping wolves substantially reduced the following year's depredations at state or local levels. However, more specific analyses indicated that in certain situations, killing wolves was more effective than no action (i.e., not trapping). For example, trapping and killing adult males decreased the re-depredation risk. At sheep farms, killing wolves was generally effective. Attempting to trap, regardless of the results, seemed more effective at reducing depredations than not trapping, suggesting that mere human activity near depredation sites might deter future depredations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2007-273","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Harper, E.K., Paul, W., Mech, L., and Weisberg, S., 2008, Effectiveness of lethal, directed wolf-depredation control in Minnesota: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 3, p. 778-784, https://doi.org/10.2193/2007-273.","startPage":"778","endPage":"784","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212369,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2007-273"}],"volume":"72","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a063de4b0c8380cd51180","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harper, E. K.","contributorId":19113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harper","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paul, W.J.","contributorId":60579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paul","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weisberg, S.","contributorId":99775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weisberg","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033658,"text":"70033658 - 2008 - Dissolved metals and associated constituents in abandoned coal-mine discharges, Pennsylvania, USA. Part 1: Constituent quantities and correlations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033658","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolved metals and associated constituents in abandoned coal-mine discharges, Pennsylvania, USA. Part 1: Constituent quantities and correlations","docAbstract":"Complete hydrochemical data are rarely reported for coal-mine discharges (CMD). This report summarizes major and trace-element concentrations and loadings for CMD at 140 abandoned mines in the Anthracite and Bituminous Coalfields of Pennsylvania. Clean-sampling and low-level analytical methods were used in 1999 to collect data that could be useful to determine potential environmental effects, remediation strategies, and quantities of valuable constituents. A subset of 10 sites was resampled in 2003 to analyze both the CMD and associated ochreous precipitates; the hydrochemical data were similar in 2003 and 1999. In 1999, the flow at the 140 CMD sites ranged from 0.028 to 2210 L s-1, with a median of 18.4 L s-1. The pH ranged from 2.7 to 7.3; concentrations (range in mg/L) of dissolved (0.45-??m pore-size filter) SO4 (34-2000), Fe (0.046-512), Mn (0.019-74), and Al (0.007-108) varied widely. Predominant metalloid elements were Si (2.7-31.3 mg L-1), B (<1-260 ??g L-1), Ge (<0.01-0.57 ??g L-1), and As (<0.03-64 ??g L-1). The most abundant trace metals, in order of median concentrations (range in ??g/L), were Zn (0.6-10,000), Ni (2.6-3200), Co (0.27-3100), Ti (0.65-28), Cu (0.4-190), Cr (<0.5-72), Pb (<0.05-11) and Cd (<0.01-16). Gold was detected at concentrations greater than 0.0005 ??g L-1 in 97% of the samples, with a maximum of 0.0175 ??g L-1. No samples had detectable concentrations of Hg, Os or Pt, and less than half of the samples had detectable Pd, Ag, Ru, Ta, Nb, Re or Sn. Predominant rare-earth elements, in order of median concentrations (range in ??g/L), were Y (0.11-530), Ce (0.01-370), Sc (1.0-36), Nd (0.006-260), La (0.005-140), Gd (0.005-110), Dy (0.002-99) and Sm (<0.005-79). Although dissolved Fe was not correlated with pH, concentrations of Al, Mn, most trace metals, and rare earths were negatively correlated with pH, consistent with solubility or sorption controls. In contrast, As was positively correlated with pH. None of the 140 CMD samples met all US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) continuous-concentration criteria for protection of freshwater aquatic organisms; the samples exceeded criteria for Al, Fe, Co, Ni, and/or Zn. Ten percent of the samples exceeded USEPA primary drinking-water standards for As, and 33% exceeded standards for Be. Only one sample met drinking-water standards for inorganic constituents in a public water supply. Except for S, the nonmetal elements (S > C > P = N = Se) were not elevated in the CMD samples compared to average river water or seawater. Compared to seawater, the CMD samples also were poor in halogens (Cl > Br > I > F), alkalies (Na > K > Li > Rb > Cs), most alkaline earths (Ca > Mg > Sr), and most metalloids but were enriched by two to four orders of magnitude with Fe, Al, Mn, Co, Be, Sc, Y and the lanthanide rare-earth elements, and one order of magnitude with Ni and Zn. The ochre samples collected at a subset of 10 sites in 2003 were dominantly goethite with minor ferrihydrite or lepidocrocite. None of the samples for this subset contained schwertmannite or was Al rich, but most contained minor aluminosilicate detritus. Compared to concentrations in global average shale, the ochres were rich in Fe, Ag, As and Au, but were poor in most other metals and rare earths. The ochres were not enriched compared to commercial ore deposits mined for Au or other valuable metals. Although similar to commercial Fe ores in composition, the ochres are dispersed and present in relatively small quantities at most sites. Nevertheless, the ochres could be valuable for use as pigment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.011","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C., 2008, Dissolved metals and associated constituents in abandoned coal-mine discharges, Pennsylvania, USA. Part 1: Constituent quantities and correlations: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 2, p. 166-202, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.011.","startPage":"166","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"37","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214170,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.011"},{"id":241864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0235e4b0c8380cd4ff47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, C.A. III","contributorId":18405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"C.A.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70033763,"text":"70033763 - 2008 - Response in the water quality of the Salton Sea, California, to changes in phosphorus loading: An empirical modeling approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:19:06","indexId":"70033763","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response in the water quality of the Salton Sea, California, to changes in phosphorus loading: An empirical modeling approach","docAbstract":"Salton Sea, California, like many other lakes, has become eutrophic because of excessive nutrient loading, primarily phosphorus (P). A Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) is being prepared for P to reduce the input of P to the Sea. In order to better understand how P-load reductions should affect the average annual water quality of this terminal saline lake, three different eutrophication programs (BATHTUB, WiLMS, and the Seepage Lake Model) were applied. After verifying that specific empirical models within these programs were applicable to this saline lake, each model was calibrated using water-quality and nutrient-loading data for 1999 and then used to simulate the effects of specific P-load reductions. Model simulations indicate that a 50% decrease in external P loading would decrease near-surface total phosphorus concentrations (TP) by 25-50%. Application of other empirical models demonstrated that this decrease in loading should decrease near-surface chlorophyll a concentrations (Chl a) by 17-63% and increase Secchi depths (SD) by 38-97%. The wide range in estimated responses in Chl a and SD were primarily caused by uncertainty in how non-algal turbidity would respond to P-load reductions. If only the models most applicable to the Salton Sea are considered, a 70-90% P-load reduction is required for the Sea to be classified as moderately eutrophic (trophic state index of 55). These models simulate steady-state conditions in the Sea; therefore, it is difficult to ascertain how long it would take for the simulated changes to occur after load reductions. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-008-9321-4","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., and Schladow, S., 2008, Response in the water quality of the Salton Sea, California, to changes in phosphorus loading: An empirical modeling approach: Hydrobiologia, v. 604, no. 1, p. 5-19, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9321-4.","startPage":"5","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214176,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9321-4"}],"volume":"604","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa12e4b0c8380cd8611d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schladow, S.G.","contributorId":92791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schladow","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033250,"text":"70033250 - 2008 - Stratigraphic and compositional complexities of the late Quaternary Lethe tephra in South-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70033250","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphic and compositional complexities of the late Quaternary Lethe tephra in South-central Alaska","docAbstract":"Recently discovered Lethe tephra has been proposed as a latest Pleistocene marker bed in Bristol Bay lowland NE to the Cook Inlet region, Alaska, on the basis of correlations involving a single \"Lethe average\" glass composition. Type deposits in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, however, are chemically heterogeneous-individual lapilli as well as aggregate ash deposits have glass compositions that range from the average mode to much higher SiO2 and K2O. Moreover, a lake-sediment core from the Cook Inlet region contains one ash deposit similar to \"Lethe average\" and other, closely underlying deposits that resemble a mixture of the average mode and high-Si high-K mode of proximal deposits. Synthesis of previously published radiocarbon ages indicates a major eruption mainly of \"Lethe average\" mode about 13,000 14C yr BP. As many as six deposits in the Cook Inlet region-five chiefly \"Lethe average\" mode-range from about 13,000 to 15-16,000 14C yr BP, and an early Holocene deposit in the Bristol Bay lowland extends the minimum age range of Lethe tephra throughout this region to 8000 14C yr BP. Because of the appearance of \"Lethe average\" composition in multiple deposits spanning thousands of years, we urge caution when using a Lethe-like composition as a basis for inferring a latest Pleistocene age of a tephra deposit in south-central Alaska. Linear variation plots suggest that magma mixing caused the Lethe heterogeneity; multiple magmas were involved as well in other large pyroclastic eruptions such as Katmai (Alaska) and Rotorua (New Zealand). Lethe is an example of a heterogeneous tephra that may be better compared with other tephras by use of plots of individual analytical points rather than by calculating similarity coefficients based on edited data. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2006.09.006","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Riehle, J., Ager, T.A., Reger, R., Pinney, D., and Kaufman, D.S., 2008, Stratigraphic and compositional complexities of the late Quaternary Lethe tephra in South-central Alaska: Quaternary International, v. 178, no. 1, p. 210-228, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2006.09.006.","startPage":"210","endPage":"228","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213593,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2006.09.006"},{"id":241233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"178","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b98c6e4b08c986b31c130","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riehle, J.R.","contributorId":73573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riehle","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ager, T. A.","contributorId":88386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reger, R.D.","contributorId":67735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reger","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pinney, D.S.","contributorId":25769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinney","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaufman, D. S.","contributorId":18006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaufman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033252,"text":"70033252 - 2008 - Determination of dominant biogeochemical processes in a contaminated aquifer-wetland system using multivariate statistical analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:12:46","indexId":"70033252","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of dominant biogeochemical processes in a contaminated aquifer-wetland system using multivariate statistical analysis","docAbstract":"Determining the processes governing aqueous biogeochemistry in a wetland hydrologically linked to an underlying contaminated aquifer is challenging due to the complex exchange between the systems and their distinct responses to changes in precipitation, recharge, and biological activities. To evaluate temporal and spatial processes in the wetland-aquifer system, water samples were collected using cm-scale multi-chambered passive diffusion samplers (peepers) to span the wetland-aquifer interface over a period of 3 yr. Samples were analyzed for major cations and anions, methane, and a suite of organic acids resulting in a large dataset of over 8000 points, which was evaluated using multivariate statistics. Principal component analysis (PCA) was chosen with the purpose of exploring the sources of variation in the dataset to expose related variables and provide insight into the biogeochemical processes that control the water chemistry of the system. Factor scores computed from PCA were mapped by date and depth. Patterns observed suggest that (i) fermentation is the process controlling the greatest variability in the dataset and it peaks in May; (ii) iron and sulfate reduction were the dominant terminal electron-accepting processes in the system and were associated with fermentation but had more complex seasonal variability than fermentation; (iii) methanogenesis was also important and associated with bacterial utilization of minerals as a source of electron acceptors (e.g., barite BaSO4); and (iv) seasonal hydrological patterns (wet and dry periods) control the availability of electron acceptors through the reoxidation of reduced iron-sulfur species enhancing iron and sulfate reduction.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0169","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Baez-Cazull, S.E., McGuire, J., Cozzarelli, I., and Voytek, M., 2008, Determination of dominant biogeochemical processes in a contaminated aquifer-wetland system using multivariate statistical analysis: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 1, p. 30-46, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0169.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"46","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213132,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0169"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffa2e4b0c8380cd4f2ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baez-Cazull, S. E.","contributorId":64034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baez-Cazull","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, J.T.","contributorId":17023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cozzarelli, I.M. 0000-0002-5123-1007","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":22343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"I.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Voytek, M.A.","contributorId":44272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033769,"text":"70033769 - 2008 - A modeling tool to evaluate regional coral reef responses to changes in climate and ocean chemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033769","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2622,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A modeling tool to evaluate regional coral reef responses to changes in climate and ocean chemistry","docAbstract":"We developed a spreadsheet-based model for the use of managers, conservationists, and biologists for projecting the effects of climate change on coral reefs at local-to-regional scales. The COMBO (Coral Mortality and Bleaching Output) model calculates the impacts to coral reefs from changes in average SST and CO2 concentrations, and from high temperature mortality (bleaching) events. The model uses a probabilistic assessment of the frequency of high temperature events under a future climate to address scientific uncertainties about potential adverse effects. COMBO offers data libraries and default factors for three selected regions (Hawai'i, Great Barrier Reef, and Caribbean), but it is structured with user-selectable parameter values and data input options, making possible modifications to reflect local conditions or to incorporate local expertise. Preliminary results from sensitivity analyses and simulation examples for Hawai'i demonstrate the relative importance of high temperature events, increased average temperature, and increased CO2 concentration on the future status of coral reefs; Illustrate significant interactions among variables; and allow comparisons of past environmental history with future predictions. ?? 2008, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanugraphy, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"15415","usgsCitation":"Buddemeier, R., Jokiel, P., Zimmerman, K., Lane, D., Carey, J., Bohling, G.C., and Martinich, J., 2008, A modeling tool to evaluate regional coral reef responses to changes in climate and ocean chemistry: Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, v. 6, no. SEPT, p. 395-411.","startPage":"395","endPage":"411","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"SEPT","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e482e4b0c8380cd4669e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buddemeier, R. W.","contributorId":86492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buddemeier","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jokiel, P. L.","contributorId":80367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jokiel","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zimmerman, K.M.","contributorId":101469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lane, D.R.","contributorId":76559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carey, J.M.","contributorId":50366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carey","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bohling, Geoffrey C.","contributorId":43109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohling","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Martinich, J.A.","contributorId":103099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinich","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70031767,"text":"70031767 - 2008 - Regularized joint inverse estimation of extreme rainfall amounts in ungauged coastal basins of El Salvador","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70031767","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regularized joint inverse estimation of extreme rainfall amounts in ungauged coastal basins of El Salvador","docAbstract":"A regularized joint inverse procedure is presented and used to estimate the magnitude of extreme rainfall events in ungauged coastal river basins of El Salvador: Paz, Jiboa, Grande de San Miguel, and Goascoran. Since streamflow measurements reflect temporal and spatial rainfall information, peak-flow discharge is hypothesized to represent a similarity measure suitable for regionalization. To test this hypothesis, peak-flow discharge values determined from streamflow recurrence information (10-year, 25-year, and 100-year) collected outside the study basins are used to develop regional (country-wide) regression equations. Peak-flow discharge derived from these equations together with preferred spatial parameter relations as soft prior information are used to constrain the simultaneous calibration of 20 tributary basin models. The nonlinear range of uncertainty in estimated parameter values (1 curve number and 3 recurrent rainfall amounts for each model) is determined using an inverse calibration-constrained Monte Carlo approach. Cumulative probability distributions for rainfall amounts indicate differences among basins for a given return period and an increase in magnitude and range among basins with increasing return interval. Comparison of the estimated median rainfall amounts for all return periods were reasonable but larger (3.2-26%) than rainfall estimates computed using the frequency-duration (traditional) approach and individual rain gauge data. The observed 25-year recurrence rainfall amount at La Hachadura in the Paz River basin during Hurricane Mitch (1998) is similar in value to, but outside and slightly less than, the estimated rainfall confidence limits. The similarity in joint inverse and traditionally computed rainfall events, however, suggests that the rainfall observation may likely be due to under-catch and not model bias. ?? Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11069-007-9179-1","issn":"0921030X","usgsCitation":"Friedel, M., 2008, Regularized joint inverse estimation of extreme rainfall amounts in ungauged coastal basins of El Salvador: Natural Hazards, v. 46, no. 1, p. 15-34, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-007-9179-1.","startPage":"15","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212609,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-007-9179-1"},{"id":240121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a5d5e4b0e8fec6cdc023","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedel, M.J.","contributorId":90823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031764,"text":"70031764 - 2008 - Fluctuating Arctic Sea ice thickness changes estimated by an in situ learned and empirically forced neural network model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T11:50:20","indexId":"70031764","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluctuating Arctic Sea ice thickness changes estimated by an in situ learned and empirically forced neural network model","docAbstract":"Sea ice thickness (SIT) is a key parameter of scientific interest because understanding the natural spatiotemporal variability of ice thickness is critical for improving global climate models. In this paper, changes in Arctic SIT during 1982-2003 are examined using a neural network (NN) algorithm trained with in situ submarine ice draft and surface drilling data. For each month of the study period, the NN individually estimated SIT of each ice-covered pixel (25-km resolution) based on seven geophysical parameters (four shortwave and longwave radiative fluxes, surface air temperature, ice drift velocity, and ice divergence/convergence) that were cumulatively summed at each monthly position along the pixel's previous 3-yr drift track (or less if the ice was <3 yr old). Average January SIT increased during 1982-88 in most regions of the Arctic (+7.6 ?? 0.9 cm yr-1), decreased through 1996 Arctic-wide (-6.1 ?? 1.2 cm yr-1), then modestly increased through 2003 mostly in the central Arctic (+2.1 ?? 0.6 cm yr-1). Net ice volume change in the Arctic Ocean from 1982 to 2003 was negligible, indicating that cumulative ice growth had largely replaced the estimated 45 000 km3 of ice lost by cumulative export. Above 65??N, total annual ice volume and interannual volume changes were correlated with the Arctic Oscillation (AO) at decadal and annual time scales, respectively. Late-summer ice thickness and total volume varied proportionally until the mid-1990s, but volume did not increase commensurate with the thickening during 1996-2002. The authors speculate that decoupling of the ice thickness-volume relationship resulted from two opposing mechanisms with different latitudinal expressions: a recent quasi-decadal shift in atmospheric circulation patterns associated with the AO's neutral state facilitated ice thickening at high latitudes while anomalously warm thermal forcing thinned and melted the ice cap at its periphery. ?? 2008 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/2007JCLI1787.1","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Belchansky, G., Douglas, D., and Platonov, N.G., 2008, Fluctuating Arctic Sea ice thickness changes estimated by an in situ learned and empirically forced neural network model: Journal of Climate, v. 21, no. 4, p. 716-729, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI1787.1.","startPage":"716","endPage":"729","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476796,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli1787.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212551,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI1787.1"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1264e4b0c8380cd542af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belchansky, G. I.","contributorId":24301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belchansky","given":"G. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Platonov, Nikita G.","contributorId":8791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Platonov","given":"Nikita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031920,"text":"70031920 - 2008 - Temporal downscaling of decadal sediment load estimates to a daily interval for use in hindcast simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T09:50:12","indexId":"70031920","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal downscaling of decadal sediment load estimates to a daily interval for use in hindcast simulations","docAbstract":"In this study we used hydrologic proxies to develop a daily sediment load time-series, which agrees with decadal sediment load estimates, when integrated. Hindcast simulations of bathymetric change in estuaries require daily sediment loads from major tributary rivers, to capture the episodic delivery of sediment during multi-day freshwater flow pulses. Two independent decadal sediment load estimates are available for the Sacramento/San Joaquin River Delta, California prior to 1959, but they must be downscaled to a daily interval for use in hindcast models. Daily flow and sediment load data to the Delta are available after 1930 and 1959, respectively, but bathymetric change simulations for San Francisco Bay prior to this require a method to generate daily sediment load estimates into the Delta. We used two historical proxies, monthly rainfall and unimpaired flow magnitudes, to generate monthly unimpaired flows to the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta for the 1851-1929 period. This step generated the shape of the monthly hydrograph. These historical monthly flows were compared to unimpaired monthly flows from the modern era (1967-1987), and a least-squares metric selected a modern water year analogue for each historical water year. The daily hydrograph for the modern analogue was then assigned to the historical year and scaled to match the flow volume estimated by dendrochronology methods, providing the correct total flow for the year. We applied a sediment rating curve to this time-series of daily flows, to generate daily sediment loads for 1851-1958. The rating curve was calibrated with the two independent decadal sediment load estimates, over two distinct periods. This novel technique retained the timing and magnitude of freshwater flows and sediment loads, without damping variability or net sediment loads to San Francisco Bay. The time-series represents the hydraulic mining period with sustained periods of increased sediment loads, and a dramatic decrease after 1910, corresponding to a reduction in available mining debris. The analogue selection procedure also permits exploration of the morphological hydrograph concept, where a limited set of hydrographs is used to simulate the same bathymetric change as the actual set of hydrographs. The final daily sediment load time-series and morphological hydrograph concept will be applied as landward boundary conditions for hindcasting simulations of bathymetric change in San Francisco Bay.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.026","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Ganju, N., Knowles, N., and Schoellhamer, D., 2008, Temporal downscaling of decadal sediment load estimates to a daily interval for use in hindcast simulations: Journal of Hydrology, v. 349, no. 3-4, p. 512-523, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.026.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"512","endPage":"523","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":" California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento/San Joaquin River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.00292968749999,\n 40.329795743702064\n ],\n [\n -122.78320312499999,\n 39.99395569397331\n ],\n [\n -122.6513671875,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -122.40966796874999,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -121.81640624999999,\n 37.92686760148135\n ],\n [\n -121.48681640624999,\n 37.59682400108367\n ],\n [\n -121.37695312499999,\n 37.142803443716836\n ],\n [\n -120.9814453125,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -120.82763671875,\n 36.10237644873644\n ],\n [\n -120.56396484375,\n 35.567980458012094\n ],\n [\n -119.83886718750001,\n 34.939985151560435\n ],\n [\n -118.828125,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n -118.6083984375,\n 35.17380831799959\n ],\n [\n -118.6083984375,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n -118.71826171875,\n 36.29741818650811\n ],\n [\n -119.06982421874999,\n 36.82687474287728\n ],\n [\n -119.77294921874999,\n 37.405073750176925\n ],\n [\n -120.34423828125,\n 37.78808138412046\n ],\n [\n -120.76171875,\n 38.28993659801203\n ],\n [\n -121.46484375,\n 39.45316112807394\n ],\n [\n -121.6845703125,\n 39.842286020743394\n ],\n [\n -122.05810546875,\n 40.66397287638688\n ],\n [\n -122.36572265625,\n 40.81380923056958\n ],\n [\n -122.73925781250001,\n 40.56389453066509\n ],\n [\n -123.00292968749999,\n 40.329795743702064\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"349","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba509e4b08c986b32076d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ganju, N. K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":64782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"N. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knowles, N.","contributorId":61212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035602,"text":"70035602 - 2008 - Devonian brachiopods of southwesternmost laurentia: Biogeographic affinities and tectonic significance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-22T15:15:08.075844","indexId":"70035602","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Devonian brachiopods of southwesternmost laurentia: Biogeographic affinities and tectonic significance","docAbstract":"Three brachiopod faunas discussed herein record different depositional and tectonic settings along the southwestern margin of Laurentia (North America) during Devonian time. Depositional settings include inner continental shelf (Cerros de Los Murcielagos), medial continental shelf (Rancho Placeritos), and offshelf continental rise (Rancho Los Chinos). Ages of Devonian brachiopod faunas include middle Early (Pragian) at Rancho Placeritos in west-central Sonora, late Middle (Givetian) at Cerros de Los Murcielagos in northwestern Sonora, and late Late (Famennian) at Rancho Los Chinos in central Sonora. The brachiopods of these three faunas, as well as the gastropod Orecopia, are easily recognized in outcrop and thus are useful for local and regional correlations. Pragian brachiopods dominated by Acrospirifer and Meristella in the \"San Miguel Formation\" at Rancho Placeritos represent the widespread Appohimchi Subprovince of eastern and southern Laurentia. Conodonts of the early to middle Pragian sulcatus to kindlei Zones associated with the brachiopods confirm the ages indicated by the brachiopod fauna and provide additional information on the depositional setting of the Devonian strata. Biostratigraphic distribution of the Appohimchi brachiopod fauna indicates continuous Early Devonian shelf deposition along the entire southern margin of Laurentia. The largely emergent southwest-trending Transcontinental arch apparently formed a barrier preventing migration and mixing of many genera and species of brachiopods from the southern shelf of Laurentia in northern Mexico to the western shelf (Cordilleran mio-geocline) in the western United States. Middle Devonian Stringocephalus brachiopods and Late Devonian Orecopia gastropods in the \"Los Murcielagos Formation\" in northwest Sonora represent the southwest-ernmost occurrence of these genera in North America and date the host rocks as Givetian and Frasnian, respectively. Rhynchonelloid brachiopods (Dzieduszyckia sonora) and associated worm tubes in the Los Pozos Formation of the Sonora allochthon in central Sonora are also found in strati-form-barite facies in the upper Upper Devonian (Famennian) part of the Slaven Chert in the Roberts Mountains allochthon (upper plate) of central and western Nevada. Although these brachiopods and worm tubes occur in similar depositional settings along the margin of Laurentia in Mexico, they occur in allochthons that exhibit different tectonic styles and times of emplacement. Thus, the allochthons containing the brachiopods and worm tubes in Sonora and Nevada are parts of separate orogenic belts and have different geographic settings and tectonic histories. Devonian facies belts and faunas in northern Mexico indicate a continuous continental shelf along the entire southern margin of Laurentia. These data, in addition to the continuity of the late Paleozoic Ouachita-Marathon-Sonora orogen across northern Mexico, contradict the early Late Jurassic Mojave-Sonora megashear as a viable hypothesis for large-magnitude offset (600-1100 km) of Proterozoic through Middle Jurassic rocks from California to Sonora.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2008.442(05)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Boucot, A., Poole, F.G., Amaya-Martinez, R., Harris, A., Sandberg, C., and Page, W.R., 2008, Devonian brachiopods of southwesternmost laurentia: Biogeographic affinities and tectonic significance: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 442, p. 77-97, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.442(05).","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.9169921875,\n 25.64152637306577\n ],\n [\n -106.435546875,\n 25.64152637306577\n ],\n [\n -106.435546875,\n 32.84267363195431\n ],\n [\n -114.9169921875,\n 32.84267363195431\n ],\n [\n -114.9169921875,\n 25.64152637306577\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"442","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a008ee4b0c8380cd4f7bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boucot, A. 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G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sandberg, Charles sandberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":199124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"Charles","email":"sandberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Page, William R. 0000-0002-0722-9911 rpage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0722-9911","contributorId":1628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"William","email":"rpage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033666,"text":"70033666 - 2008 - An empirical study of statistical properties of variance partition coefficients for multi-level logistic regression models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033666","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1283,"text":"Communications in Statistics: Simulation and Computation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical study of statistical properties of variance partition coefficients for multi-level logistic regression models","docAbstract":"Partitioning the variance of a response by design levels is challenging for binomial and other discrete outcomes. Goldstein (2003) proposed four definitions for variance partitioning coefficients (VPC) under a two-level logistic regression model. In this study, we explicitly derived formulae for multi-level logistic regression model and subsequently studied the distributional properties of the calculated VPCs. Using simulations and a vegetation dataset, we demonstrated associations between different VPC definitions, the importance of methods for estimating VPCs (by comparing VPC obtained using Laplace and penalized quasilikehood methods), and bivariate dependence between VPCs calculated at different levels. Such an empirical study lends an immediate support to wider applications of VPC in scientific data analysis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Communications in Statistics: Simulation and Computation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/03610910802361366","issn":"03610","usgsCitation":"Li, J., Gray, B., and Bates, D., 2008, An empirical study of statistical properties of variance partition coefficients for multi-level logistic regression models: Communications in Statistics: Simulation and Computation, v. 37, no. 10, p. 2010-2026, https://doi.org/10.1080/03610910802361366.","startPage":"2010","endPage":"2026","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495020,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/104996","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214285,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610910802361366"},{"id":241991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea38e4b0c8380cd486ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Ji","contributorId":22916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Ji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, B. R. 0000-0001-7682-9550","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":14785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"B. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bates, D.M.","contributorId":102347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bates","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031762,"text":"70031762 - 2008 - Modeling multi-layer effects in passive microwave remote sensing of dry snow using Dense Media Radiative Transfer Theory (DMRT) based on quasicrystalline approximation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70031762","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling multi-layer effects in passive microwave remote sensing of dry snow using Dense Media Radiative Transfer Theory (DMRT) based on quasicrystalline approximation","docAbstract":"The Dense Media Radiative Transfer theory (DMRT) of Quasicrystalline Approximation of Mie scattering by sticky particles is used to study the multiple scattering effects in layered snow in microwave remote sensing. Results are illustrated for various snow profile characteristics. Polarization differences and frequency dependences of multilayer snow model are significantly different from that of the single-layer snow model. Comparisons are also made with CLPX data using snow parameters as given by the VIC model. ?? 2007 IEEE.","largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","conferenceTitle":"2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2007","conferenceDate":"23 June 2007 through 28 June 2007","conferenceLocation":"Barcelona","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423024","isbn":"1424412129; 9781424412129","usgsCitation":"Liang, D., Xu, X., Tsang, L., Andreadis, K., and Josberger, E., 2008, Modeling multi-layer effects in passive microwave remote sensing of dry snow using Dense Media Radiative Transfer Theory (DMRT) based on quasicrystalline approximation, in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Barcelona, 23 June 2007 through 28 June 2007, p. 1215-1218, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423024.","startPage":"1215","endPage":"1218","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212518,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423024"},{"id":240013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c0de4b0c8380cd6f9c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liang, D.","contributorId":66483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liang","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xu, X.","contributorId":55166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tsang, L.","contributorId":43950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andreadis, K.M.","contributorId":8294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreadis","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031758,"text":"70031758 - 2008 - Biological assessments of Appalachian streams based on predictive models for fish, macroinvertebrate, and diatom assemblages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70031758","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biological assessments of Appalachian streams based on predictive models for fish, macroinvertebrate, and diatom assemblages","docAbstract":"We developed empirical models for fish, macroinvertebrate, and diatom assemblages to assess the biological condition of 268 streams sampled from 1993 to 2002 in 7 major river basins in the Appalachian region of the USA. These models estimate the expected taxonomic composition at each site based on observed variation in taxonomic composition at reference sites. The index, O/E, is the ratio of the number of predicted taxa that were observed (O) to that expected (E) to occur at a site and is a measure of taxonomic completeness. We compared how O/E for each assemblage varied among major landuse settings and whether impaired assemblages were associated with particular physicochemical conditions. We also examined concordance among assemblages in their response to stress. Biological, chemical, and physical data were collected following consistent protocols. We used land-cover criteria, published data, and topographic maps to classify sites by major landuse setting. Fish, macroinvertebrate, and diatom assemblages had been sampled at 73, 108, and 52, respectively, of the least disturbed sites used to establish reference conditions. The models accounted for a substantial portion of the natural variation in taxonomic composition across sites that was associated with biogeographic, climatic, and basin-scale factors and generally were unbiased across the range of environmental gradients observed in the region. Assessments at nonreference sites showed that impairment of fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages was most strongly associated with agriculture and urban land uses, whereas impairment of diatom assemblages was most strongly associated with mining in the basin. Concordance in assessments among assemblages was not strong. Assessments based on 2 assemblages differed in 28 to 57% of cases, and assessments were never concordant for cases where all 3 assemblages were sampled. Furthermore, only 1/2 of these cases would have been assessed as ecologically impaired had only 1 assemblage been sampled. Differences between observed and predicted frequencies of occurrence for individual taxa were generally consistent with known tolerances to environmental stressors and might aid in identifying causes of biological impairment. ?? 2008 by The North American Benthological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1899/06-081.1","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Carlisle, D., Hawkins, C., Meador, M.R., Potapova, M., and Falcone, J., 2008, Biological assessments of Appalachian streams based on predictive models for fish, macroinvertebrate, and diatom assemblages: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 27, no. 1, p. 16-37, https://doi.org/10.1899/06-081.1.","startPage":"16","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212487,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/06-081.1"},{"id":239978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f164e4b0c8380cd4ac2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlisle, D.M.","contributorId":81059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hawkins, C.P.","contributorId":64454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkins","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meador, M. R.","contributorId":74400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Potapova, M.","contributorId":74569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potapova","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Falcone, J.","contributorId":20548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falcone","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032038,"text":"70032038 - 2008 - Evaluation of statistical treatments of left-censored environmental data using coincident uncensored data sets: I. Summary statistics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:43:02","indexId":"70032038","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of statistical treatments of left-censored environmental data using coincident uncensored data sets: I. Summary statistics","docAbstract":"The main classes of statistical treatment of below-detection limit (left-censored) environmental data for the determination of basic statistics that have been used in the literature are substitution methods, maximum likelihood, regression on order statistics (ROS), and nonparametric techniques. These treatments, along with using all instrument-generated data (even those below detection), were evaluated by examining data sets in which the true values of the censored data were known. It was found that for data sets with less than 70% censored data, the best technique overall for determination of summary statistics was the nonparametric Kaplan-Meier technique. ROS and the two substitution methods of assigning one-half the detection limit value to censored data or assigning a random number between zero and the detection limit to censored data were adequate alternatives. The use of these two substitution methods, however, requires a thorough understanding of how the laboratory censored the data. The technique of employing all instrument-generated data - including numbers below the detection limit - was found to be less adequate than the above techniques. At high degrees of censoring (greater than 70% censored data), no technique provided good estimates of summary statistics. Maximum likelihood techniques were found to be far inferior to all other treatments except substituting zero or the detection limit value to censored data.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es071301c","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Antweiler, R.C., and Taylor, H.E., 2008, Evaluation of statistical treatments of left-censored environmental data using coincident uncensored data sets: I. Summary statistics: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 42, no. 10, p. 3732-3738, https://doi.org/10.1021/es071301c.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3732","endPage":"3738","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214998,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es071301c"}],"volume":"42","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cc6e4b0c8380cd52cbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":434265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":434264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031748,"text":"70031748 - 2008 - Mangrove forest distributions and dynamics in Madagascar (1975-2005)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:04:27","indexId":"70031748","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3380,"text":"Sensors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mangrove forest distributions and dynamics in Madagascar (1975-2005)","docAbstract":"Mangrove forests of Madagascar are declining, albeit at a much slower rate than the global average. The forests are declining due to conversion to other land uses and forest degradation. However, accurate and reliable information on their present distribution and their rates, causes, and consequences of change have not been available. Earlier studies used remotely sensed data to map and, in some cases, to monitor mangrove forests at a local scale. Nonetheless, a comprehensive national assessment and synthesis was lacking. We interpreted time-series satellite data of 1975, 1990, 2000, and 2005 using a hybrid supervised and unsupervised classification approach. Landsat data were geometrically corrected to an accuracy of ?? one-half pixel, an accuracy necessary for change analysis. We used a postclassification change detection approach. Our results showed that Madagascar lost 7% of mangrove forests from 1975 to 2005, to a present extent of ???2,797 km2. Deforestation rates and causes varied both spatially and temporally. The forests increased by 5.6% (212 km2) from 1975 to 1990, decreased by 14.3% (455 km 2) from 1990 to 2000, and decreased by 2.6% (73 km2) from 2000 to 2005. Similarly, major changes occurred in Bombekota Bay, Mahajamba Bay, the coast of Ambanja, the Tsiribihina River, and Cap St Vincent. The main factors responsible for mangrove deforestation include conversion to agriculture (35%), logging (16%), conversion to aquaculture (3%), and urban development (1%). ?? 2008 by MDPI.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/s8042104","issn":"14248220","usgsCitation":"Giri, S., and Muhlhausen, J., 2008, Mangrove forest distributions and dynamics in Madagascar (1975-2005): Sensors, v. 8, no. 4, p. 2104-2117, https://doi.org/10.3390/s8042104.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2104","endPage":"2117","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476661,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s8042104","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4cc7e4b0c8380cd69ea3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giri, S.","contributorId":102621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giri","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muhlhausen, J.","contributorId":78936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlhausen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031746,"text":"70031746 - 2008 - Historical and current environmental influences on an endemic great plains fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70031746","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical and current environmental influences on an endemic great plains fish","docAbstract":"Native fishes of the Great Plains are at risk of decline due to disturbances to physical habitat caused by changes in land and water use, as well as shifts in species assemblages driven by the invasion of introduced species with the loss of natives. We used historical and current fish assemblage data in conjunction with current habitat information to assess these influences on an endemic Great Plains stream fish, the plains topminnow (Fundulus sciadicus). Of the 31 sites where the plains topminnow occurred historically (1939-1940), it was found in only seven of those sites in 2003-2005. Our results demonstrate a shift in fish assemblage over time that coincides with the loss of plains topminnow. Changes in fish assemblages were characterized by increases in occurrence of exotic, invasive and generalist species with declines in occurrences of native fishes. An information theoretic approach was used to evaluate candidate models of current fish assemblage and physical/chemical habitat on the presence of the plains topminnow. Candidate models that included both instream habitat (e.g., vegetation coverage, undercut banks) and the native fish species assemblage are important to predicting presence of the plains topminnow within its historic range. Conservation of Great Plains fishes including the plains topminnow will need a combination of habitat protection and enhancement.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Midland Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[364:HACEIO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00030031","usgsCitation":"Fischer, J.R., and Paukert, C., 2008, Historical and current environmental influences on an endemic great plains fish: American Midland Naturalist, v. 159, no. 2, p. 364-377, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[364:HACEIO]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"364","endPage":"377","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212310,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[364:HACEIO]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":239776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"159","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a317ae4b0c8380cd5df5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, John R.","contributorId":100326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paukert, C.P.","contributorId":10151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033254,"text":"70033254 - 2008 - A basin-scale approach to estimating stream temperatures of tributaries to the lower Klamath River, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T09:17:43","indexId":"70033254","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A basin-scale approach to estimating stream temperatures of tributaries to the lower Klamath River, California","docAbstract":"Stream temperature is an important component of salmonid habitat and is often above levels suitable for fish survival in the Lower Klamath River in northern California. The objective of this study was to provide boundary conditions for models that are assessing stream temperature on the main stem for the purpose of developing strategies to manage stream conditions using Total Maximum Daily Loads. For model input, hourly stream temperatures for 36 tributaries were estimated for 1 Jan. 2001 through 31 Oct. 2004. A basin-scale approach incorporating spatially distributed energy balance data was used to estimate the stream temperatures with measured air temperature and relative humidity data and simulated solar radiation, including topographic shading and corrections for cloudiness. Regression models were developed on the basis of available stream temperature data to predict temperatures for unmeasured periods of time and for unmeasured streams. The most significant factor in matching measured minimum and maximum stream temperatures was the seasonality of the estimate. Adding minimum and maximum air temperature to the regression model improved the estimate, and air temperature data over the region are available and easily distributed spatially. The addition of simulated solar radiation and vapor saturation deficit to the regression model significantly improved predictions of maximum stream temperature but was not required to predict minimum stream temperature. The average SE in estimated maximum daily stream temperature for the individual basins was 0.9 ?? 0.6??C at the 95% confidence interval. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2006.0341","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Flint, L.E., and Flint, A.L., 2008, A basin-scale approach to estimating stream temperatures of tributaries to the lower Klamath River, California: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 1, p. 57-68, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0341.","startPage":"57","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213162,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0341"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e318e4b0c8380cd45e0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, L. E. 0000-0002-7868-441X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":38180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"L.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, A. L.","contributorId":102453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033258,"text":"70033258 - 2008 - Trends in abundance of collared lemmings near Cape Churchill, Manitoba, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033258","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in abundance of collared lemmings near Cape Churchill, Manitoba, Canada","docAbstract":"Regular, multiannual cycles observed in the population abundance of small mammals in many arctic and subarctic ecosystems have stimulated substantial research, particularly among population ecologists. Hypotheses of mechanisms generating regular cycles include predator-prey interactions, limitation of food resources, and migration or dispersal, as well as abiotic factors such as cyclic climatic variation and environmental stochasticity. In 2004 and 2005, we used indirect methods to estimate trends in population size of Richardson's collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx richardsoni) retrospectively, and evaluated the extent of synchrony between lemming populations at 2 coastal tundra study areas separated by approximately 60 km near Cape Churchill, Manitoba, Canada. We collected scars on willow plants (Salix) resulting from lemming feeding. Ages of scars ranged from 0 to 13 years at both study areas. Scar-age frequency appeared cyclic and we used nonlinear Poisson regression to model the observed scar-age frequency. Lemming populations cycled with 2.8-year periodicity and the phase of the cycle was synchronous between the 2 study areas. We suggest that our approach could be applied in multiple settings and may provide the most efficient way to gather data on small mammals across both space and time in a diversity of landscapes. ?? 2008 American Society of Mammalogists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/07-MAMM-A-046.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Reiter, M., and Andersen, D., 2008, Trends in abundance of collared lemmings near Cape Churchill, Manitoba, Canada: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 89, no. 1, p. 138-144, https://doi.org/10.1644/07-MAMM-A-046.1.","startPage":"138","endPage":"144","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213191,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/07-MAMM-A-046.1"},{"id":240794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7dfe4b08c986b32752f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reiter, M.E.","contributorId":80065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiter","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, D. E.","contributorId":27816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033259,"text":"70033259 - 2008 - Fall diets of red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator) and walleye (Sander vitreus) in Sandusky Bay and adjacent waters of western Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033259","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fall diets of red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator) and walleye (Sander vitreus) in Sandusky Bay and adjacent waters of western Lake Erie","docAbstract":"Although published studies indicate the contrary, there is concern among many sport anglers that migrating red-breasted mergansers (Mergus serrator) and other waterbirds pose a competitive threat to sport fish species such as walleye (Sander vitreus) in Lake Erie. We quantified the diet of autumn-migrant mergansers and walleye during 1998-2000 in Sandusky Bay and adjacent waters of western Lake Erie. We hypothesized that the diets of both predators would be similar in species composition, but because of different foraging ecologies their diets would differ markedly in size of prey consumed. In addition to predator samples, we used trawl data from the same general area as an index of prey availability. We found that mergansers fed almost exclusively on fish (nine species). Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides) and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) were consumed in the greatest numbers, most frequently and comprised the greatest biomass. Walleye fed exclusively on fish: gizzard shad, alewife (Alosa psuedoharengus) and emerald shiner were consumed in the greatest numbers, most frequently and comprised the greatest biomass. Diet overlap between mergansers and walleye was 67% by weight and 66% by species frequency. Mean total lengths of gizzard shad, emerald shiner and round goby found in walleye stomachs exceeded those captured in trawls by 47%, on average. Mean total lengths of gizzard shad, emerald shiner and round goby were greater in walleye stomachs than in merganser stomachs. Mean total lengths of emerald shiner and round goby were less in merganser stomachs than in trawls. Our results suggest that although the diets of walleye and mergansers overlapped considerably, mergansers generally consumed smaller fish than walleye. Given the abundance and diversity of prey species available, and the transient nature of mergansers on Lake Erie during migration, we conclude that competition for food between these species is minimal.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Midland Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[147:FDORMM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00030031","usgsCitation":"Bur, M., Stapanian, M., Bernhardt, G., and Turner, M., 2008, Fall diets of red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator) and walleye (Sander vitreus) in Sandusky Bay and adjacent waters of western Lake Erie: American Midland Naturalist, v. 159, no. 1, p. 147-161, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[147:FDORMM]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"147","endPage":"161","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213220,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[147:FDORMM]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":240824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"159","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ee5e4b0c8380cd53693","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bur, M.T.","contributorId":58215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bur","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stapanian, M.A.","contributorId":65437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernhardt, G.","contributorId":48837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turner, M.W.","contributorId":25424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033261,"text":"70033261 - 2008 - Identification, prediction, and mitigation of sinkhole hazards in evaporite karst areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033261","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Identification, prediction, and mitigation of sinkhole hazards in evaporite karst areas","docAbstract":"Sinkholes usually have a higher probability of occurrence and a greater genetic diversity in evaporite terrains than in carbonate karst areas. This is because evaporites have a higher solubility and, commonly, a lower mechanical strength. Subsidence damage resulting from evaporite dissolution generates substantial losses throughout the world, but the causes are only well understood in a few areas. To deal with these hazards, a phased approach is needed for sinkhole identification, investigation, prediction, and mitigation. Identification techniques include field surveys and geomorphological mapping combined with accounts from local people and historical sources. Detailed sinkhole maps can be constructed from sequential historical maps, recent topographical maps, and digital elevation models (DEMs) complemented with building-damage surveying, remote sensing, and high-resolution geodetic surveys. On a more detailed level, information from exposed paleosubsidence features (paleokarst), speleological explorations, geophysical investigations, trenching, dating techniques, and boreholes may help in investigating dissolution and subsidence features. Information on the hydrogeological pathways including caves, springs, and swallow holes are particularly important especially when corroborated by tracer tests. These diverse data sources make a valuable database-the karst inventory. From this dataset, sinkhole susceptibility zonations (relative probability) may be produced based on the spatial distribution of the features and good knowledge of the local geology. Sinkhole distribution can be investigated by spatial distribution analysis techniques including studies of preferential elongation, alignment, and nearest neighbor analysis. More objective susceptibility models may be obtained by analyzing the statistical relationships between the known sinkholes and the conditioning factors. Chronological information on sinkhole formation is required to estimate the probability of occurrence of sinkholes (number of sinkholes/km2 year). Such spatial and temporal predictions, frequently derived from limited records and based on the assumption that past sinkhole activity may be extrapolated to the future, are non-corroborated hypotheses. Validation methods allow us to assess the predictive capability of the susceptibility maps and to transform them into probability maps. Avoiding the most hazardous areas by preventive planning is the safest strategy for development in sinkhole-prone areas. Corrective measures could be applied to reduce the dissolution activity and subsidence processes. A more practical solution for safe development is to reduce the vulnerability of the structures by using subsidence-proof designs. ?? 2007 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-007-0728-4","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Gutierrez, F., Cooper, A., and Johnson, K., 2008, Identification, prediction, and mitigation of sinkhole hazards in evaporite karst areas, in Environmental Geology, v. 53, no. 5, p. 1007-1022, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-0728-4.","startPage":"1007","endPage":"1022","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476743,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/6745/1/Gutierrez_Cooper_Johnson_Env__Geol_V53_1007-1022.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213253,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-0728-4"},{"id":240860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3844e4b0c8380cd614de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutierrez, F.","contributorId":79309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, A.H.","contributorId":30046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, K.S.","contributorId":24385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033276,"text":"70033276 - 2008 - Aseismic slip and fault-normal strain along the central creeping section of the San Andreas fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033276","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aseismic slip and fault-normal strain along the central creeping section of the San Andreas fault","docAbstract":"We use GPS data to measure the aseismic slip along the central San Andreas fault (CSAF) and the deformation across adjacent faults. Comparison of EDM and GPS data sets implies that, except for small-scale transients, the fault motion has been steady over the last 40 years. We add 42 new GPS, velocities along the CSAF to constrain the regional strain distribution. Shear strain rates are less than 0.083 ?? 0.010 ??strain/yr adjacent to the creeping SAF, with 1-4.5 mm/yr of contraction across the Coast Ranges. Dislocation modeling of the data gives a deep, long-term slip rate of 31-35 mm/yr and a shallow (0-12 km) creep rate of 28 mm/yr along the central portion of the CSAF, consistent with surface creep measurements. The lower shallow slip rate may be due to the effect of partial locking along the CSAF or reflect reduced creep rates late in the earthquake cycle of the adjoining SAF rupture zones. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008GL034437","issn":"00948","usgsCitation":"Rolandone, F., Burgmann, R., Agnew, D., Johanson, I., Templeton, D., d'Alessio, M., Titus, S., DeMets, C., and Tikoff, B., 2008, Aseismic slip and fault-normal strain along the central creeping section of the San Andreas fault: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 35, no. 14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034437.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213469,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034437"},{"id":241095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edb7e4b0c8380cd4997a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rolandone, F.","contributorId":54783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rolandone","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burgmann, R.","contributorId":10167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgmann","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Agnew, D.C.","contributorId":32186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agnew","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johanson, I.A.","contributorId":36735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johanson","given":"I.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Templeton, D.C.","contributorId":89016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Templeton","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"d'Alessio, M. A.","contributorId":43159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"d'Alessio","given":"M. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Titus, S.J.","contributorId":101523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"DeMets, C.","contributorId":19308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeMets","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tikoff, B.","contributorId":90934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tikoff","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70033771,"text":"70033771 - 2008 - Improved tests reveal that the accelarating moment release hypothesis is statistically insignificant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033771","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved tests reveal that the accelarating moment release hypothesis is statistically insignificant","docAbstract":"We test the hypothesis that accelerating moment release (AMR) is a precursor to large earthquakes, using data from California, Nevada, and Sumatra. Spurious cases of AMR can arise from data fitting because the time period, area, and sometimes magnitude range analyzed before each main shock are often optimized to produce the strongest AMR signal. Optimizing the search criteria can identify apparent AMR even if no robust signal exists. For both 1950-2006 California-Nevada M ??? 6.5 earthquakes and the 2004 M9.3 Sumatra earthquake, we can find two contradictory patterns in the pre-main shock earthquakes by data fitting: AMR and decelerating moment release. We compare the apparent AMR found in the real data to the apparent AMR found in four types of synthetic catalogs with no inherent AMR. When spatiotemporal clustering is included in the simulations, similar AMR signals are found by data fitting in both the real and synthetic data sets even though the synthetic data sets contain no real AMR. These tests demonstrate that apparent AMR may arise from a combination of data fitting and normal foreshock and aftershock activity. In principle, data-fitting artifacts could be avoided if the free parameters were determined from scaling relationships between the duration and spatial extent of the AMR pattern and the magnitude of the earthquake that follows it. However, we demonstrate that previously proposed scaling relationships are unstable, statistical artifacts caused by the use of a minimum magnitude for the earthquake catalog that scales with the main shock magnitude. Some recent AMR studies have used spatial regions based on hypothetical stress loading patterns, rather than circles, to select the data. We show that previous tests were biased and that unbiased tests do not find this change to the method to be an improvement. The use of declustered catalogs has also been proposed to eliminate the effect of clustering but we demonstrate that this does not increase the statistical significance of AMR. Given the ease with which data fitting can find desired patterns in seismicity, future studies of AMR-like observations must include complete tests against synthetic catalogs that include spatiotemporal clustering.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JB005410","issn":"01480","usgsCitation":"Hardebeck, J., Felzer, K., and Michael, A., 2008, Improved tests reveal that the accelarating moment release hypothesis is statistically insignificant: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 113, no. 8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005410.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487144,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jb005410","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214291,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005410"}],"volume":"113","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3967e4b0c8380cd618ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardebeck, J.L.","contributorId":98862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Felzer, K.R.","contributorId":47562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Felzer","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michael, A.J. 0000-0002-2403-5019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":52192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031919,"text":"70031919 - 2008 - Eruption dynamics at Mount St. Helens imaged from broadband seismic waveforms: Interaction of the shallow magmatic and hydrothermal systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-04T10:19:11","indexId":"70031919","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eruption dynamics at Mount St. Helens imaged from broadband seismic waveforms: Interaction of the shallow magmatic and hydrothermal systems","docAbstract":"The current eruption at Mount St. Helens is characterized by dome building and shallow, repetitive, long-period (LP) earthquakes. Waveform cross-correlation reveals remarkable similarity for a majority of the earthquakes over periods of several weeks. Stacked spectra of these events display multiple peaks between 0.5 and 2 Hz that are common to most stations. Lower-amplitude very-long-period (VLP) events commonly accompany the LP events. We model the source mechanisms of LP and VLP events in the 0.5-4 s and 8-40 s bands, respectively, using data recorded in July 2005 with a 19-station temporary broadband network. The source mechanism of the LP events includes: 1) a volumetric component modeled as resonance of a gently NNW-dipping, steam-filled crack located directly beneath the actively extruding part of the new dome and within 100 m of the crater floor and 2) a vertical single force attributed to movement of the overlying dome. The VLP source, which also includes volumetric and single-force components, is 250 m deeper and NNW of the LP source, at the SW edge of the 1980s lava dome. The volumetric component points to the compression and expansion of a shallow, magma-filled sill, which is subparallel to the hydrothermal crack imaged at the LP source, coupled with a smaller component of expansion and compression of a dike. The single-force components are due to mass advection in the magma conduit. The location, geometry and timing of the sources suggest the VLP and LP events are caused by perturbations of a common crack system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JB005259","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Waite, G., Chouet, B., and Dawson, P., 2008, Eruption dynamics at Mount St. Helens imaged from broadband seismic waveforms: Interaction of the shallow magmatic and hydrothermal systems: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 113, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005259.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476811,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jb005259","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214676,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005259"}],"volume":"113","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a4be4b0c8380cd522be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, G.P.","contributorId":82121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B. A.","contributorId":31813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, P.B.","contributorId":75934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}