In addition to forecasting population growth, basic demographic data combined with movement data provide a means for predicting rates of range expansion. Quantitative models of range expansion have rarely been applied to large vertebrates, although such tools could be useful for restoration and management of many threatened but recovering populations. Using the southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) as a case study, we utilized integro-difference equations in combination with a stage-structured projection matrix that incorporated spatial variation in dispersal and demography to make forecasts of population recovery and range recolonization. In addition to these basic predictions, we emphasize how to make these modeling predictions useful in a management context through the inclusion of parameter uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. Our models resulted in hind-cast (1989–2003) predictions of net population growth and range expansion that closely matched observed patterns. We next made projections of future range expansion and population growth, incorporating uncertainty in all model parameters, and explored the sensitivity of model predictions to variation in spatially explicit survival and dispersal rates. The predicted rate of southward range expansion (median = 5.2 km/yr) was sensitive to both dispersal and survival rates; elasticity analysis indicated that changes in adult survival would have the greatest potential effect on the rate of range expansion, while perturbation analysis showed that variation in subadult dispersal contributed most to variance in model predictions. Variation in survival and dispersal of females at the south end of the range contributed most of the variance in predicted southward range expansion. Our approach provides guidance for the acquisition of further data and a means of forecasting the consequence of specific management actions. Similar methods could aid in the management of other recovering populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"ESA","doi":"10.1890/07-0735.1","usgsCitation":"Tinker, M.T., Doak, D., and Estes, J.A., 2008, Using demography and movement behavior to predict range expansion of the southern sea otter.: Ecological Applications, v. 18, no. 7, p. 1781-1794, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0735.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1781","endPage":"1794","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc043e4b08c986b32a013","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tinker, M. T. 0000-0002-3314-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":54152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doak, D.F.","contributorId":39729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doak","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033290,"text":"70033290 - 2008 - Building hierarchical models of avian distributions for the State of Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033290","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Building hierarchical models of avian distributions for the State of Georgia","docAbstract":"To predict the distributions of breeding birds in the state of Georgia, USA, we built hierarchical models consisting of 4 levels of nested mapping units of decreasing area: 90,000 ha, 3,600 ha, 144 ha, and 5.76 ha. We used the Partners in Flight database of point counts to generate presence and absence data at locations across the state of Georgia for 9 avian species: Acadian flycatcher (Empidonax virescens), brownheaded nuthatch (Sitta pusilla), Carolina wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus), indigo bunting (Passerina cyanea), northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), prairie warbler (Dendroica discolor), yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyxus americanus), white-eyed vireo (Vireo griseus), and wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina). At each location, we estimated hierarchical-level-specific habitat measurements using the Georgia GAP Analysis18 class land cover and other Geographic Information System sources. We created candidate, species-specific occupancy models based on previously reported relationships, and fit these using Markov chain Monte Carlo procedures implemented in OpenBugs. We then created a confidence model set for each species based on Akaike's Information Criterion. We found hierarchical habitat relationships for all species. Three-fold cross-validation estimates of model accuracy indicated an average overall correct classification rate of 60.5%. Comparisons with existing Georgia GAP Analysis models indicated that our models were more accurate overall. Our results provide guidance to wildlife scientists and managers seeking predict avian occurrence as a function of local and landscape-level habitat attributes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2006-098","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Howell, J., Peterson, J., and Conroy, M., 2008, Building hierarchical models of avian distributions for the State of Georgia: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 1, p. 168-178, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-098.","startPage":"168","endPage":"178","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213135,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2006-098"},{"id":240728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2a8e4b0c8380cd4b29b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howell, J.E.","contributorId":28694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, J.T.","contributorId":30170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031941,"text":"70031941 - 2008 - Dissolved oxygen transfer to sediments by sweep and eject motions in aquatic environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031941","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolved oxygen transfer to sediments by sweep and eject motions in aquatic environments","docAbstract":"Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations were quantified near the sediment-water interface to evaluate DO transfer to sediments in a laboratory recirculating flume and open channel under varying fluid-flow conditions. DO concentration fluctuations were observed within the diffusive sublayer, as defined by the time-averaged DO concentration gradient near the sediment-water interface. Evaluation of the DO concentration fluctuations along with detailed fluid-flow characterizations were used to quantify quasi-periodic sweep and eject motions (bursting events) near the sediments. Bursting events dominated the Reynolds shear stresses responsible for momentum and mass fluctuations near the sediment bed. Two independent methods for detecting bursting events using DO concentration and velocity data produced consistent results. The average time between bursting events was scaled with wall variables and was incorporated into a similarity model to describe the dimensionless mass transfer coefficient (Sherwood number, Sh) in terms of the Reynolds number, Re, and Schmidt number, Sc, which described transport in the flow. The scaling of bursting events was employed with the similarity model to quantify DO transfer to sediments and results showed a high degree of agreement with experimental data. ?? 2008, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"O’Connor, B., and Hondzo, M., 2008, Dissolved oxygen transfer to sediments by sweep and eject motions in aquatic environments: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 53, no. 2, p. 566-578.","startPage":"566","endPage":"578","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a023ce4b0c8380cd4ff72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Connor, B.L.","contributorId":24977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hondzo, Miki","contributorId":11816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hondzo","given":"Miki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12693,"text":"Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering and St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, Minneapolis, MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":433819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033296,"text":"70033296 - 2008 - Comparison of remote sensing image processing techniques to identify tornado damage areas from Landsat TM data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-27T13:20:31","indexId":"70033296","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3380,"text":"Sensors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of remote sensing image processing techniques to identify tornado damage areas from Landsat TM data","docAbstract":"Remote sensing techniques have been shown effective for large-scale damage surveys after a hazardous event in both near real-time or post-event analyses. The paper aims to compare accuracy of common imaging processing techniques to detect tornado damage tracks from Landsat TM data. We employed the direct change detection approach using two sets of images acquired before and after the tornado event to produce a principal component composite images and a set of image difference bands. Techniques in the comparison include supervised classification, unsupervised classification, and objectoriented classification approach with a nearest neighbor classifier. Accuracy assessment is based on Kappa coefficient calculated from error matrices which cross tabulate correctly identified cells on the TM image and commission and omission errors in the result. Overall, the Object-oriented Approach exhibits the highest degree of accuracy in tornado damage detection. PCA and Image Differencing methods show comparable outcomes. While selected PCs can improve detection accuracy 5 to 10%, the Object-oriented Approach performs significantly better with 15-20% higher accuracy than the other two techniques. ?? 2008 by MDPI.
","language":"English","doi":"10.3390/s8021128","issn":"14243210","usgsCitation":"Myint, S., Yuan, M., Cerveny, R., and Giri, C., 2008, Comparison of remote sensing image processing techniques to identify tornado damage areas from Landsat TM data: Sensors, v. 8, no. 2, p. 1128-1156, https://doi.org/10.3390/s8021128.","startPage":"1128","endPage":"1156","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476740,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s8021128","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f888e4b0c8380cd4d17d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myint, S.W.","contributorId":18103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myint","given":"S.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yuan, M.","contributorId":20889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cerveny, R.S.","contributorId":18899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerveny","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Giri, C.P.","contributorId":29647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giri","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033301,"text":"70033301 - 2008 - Compositional mapping of Saturn's satellite Dione with Cassini VIMS and implications of dark material in the Saturn system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033301","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compositional mapping of Saturn's satellite Dione with Cassini VIMS and implications of dark material in the Saturn system","docAbstract":"Cassini VIMS has obtained spatially resolved imaging spectroscopy data on numerous satellites of Saturn. A very close fly-by of Dione provided key information for solving the riddle of the origin of the dark material in the Saturn system. The Dione VIMS data show a pattern of bombardment of fine, sub-0.5-??m diameter particles impacting the satellite from the trailing side direction. Multiple lines of evidence point to an external origin for the dark material on Dione, including the global spatial pattern of dark material, local patterns including crater and cliff walls shielding implantation on slopes facing away from the trailing side, exposing clean ice, and slopes facing the trailing direction which show higher abundances of dark material. Multiple spectral features of the dark material match those seen on Phoebe, Iapetus, Hyperion, Epimetheus and the F-ring, implying the material has a common composition throughout the Saturn system. However, the exact composition of the dark material remains a mystery, except that bound water and, tentatively, ammonia are detected, and there is evidence both for and against cyanide compounds. Exact identification of composition requires additional laboratory work. A blue scattering peak with a strong UV-visible absorption is observed in spectra of all satellites which contain dark material, and the cause is Rayleigh scattering, again pointing to a common origin. The Rayleigh scattering effect is confirmed with laboratory experiments using ice and 0.2-??m diameter carbon grains when the carbon abundance is less than about 2% by weight. Rayleigh scattering in solids is also confirmed in naturally occurring terrestrial rocks, and in previously published reflectance studies. The spatial pattern, Rayleigh scattering effect, and spectral properties argue that the dark material is only a thin coating on Dione's surface, and by extension is only a thin coating on Phoebe, Hyperion, and Iapetus, although the dark material abundance appears higher on Iapetus, and may be locally thick. As previously concluded for Phoebe, the dark material appears to be external to the Saturn system and may be cometary in origin. We also report a possible detection of material around Dione which may indicate Dione is active and contributes material to the E-ring, but this observation must be confirmed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2007.08.035","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Clark, R.N., Curchin, J.M., Jaumann, R., Cruikshank, D.P., Brown, R.H., Hoefen, T., Stephan, K., Moore, J.N., Buratti, B.J., Baines, K.H., Nicholson, P.D., and Nelson, R., 2008, Compositional mapping of Saturn's satellite Dione with Cassini VIMS and implications of dark material in the Saturn system: Icarus, v. 193, no. 2, p. 372-386, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.08.035.","startPage":"372","endPage":"386","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213288,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.08.035"},{"id":240898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"193","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f938e4b0c8380cd4d4e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Curchin, J. M.","contributorId":37145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curchin","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hoefen, T.M. 0000-0002-3083-5987","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":18143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stephan, K.","contributorId":8976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephan","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Moore, Johnnie N.","contributorId":13668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Johnnie","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Nelson, R.M.","contributorId":38316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70033307,"text":"70033307 - 2008 - De-convoluting mixed crude oil in Prudhoe Bay Field, North Slope, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033307","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"De-convoluting mixed crude oil in Prudhoe Bay Field, North Slope, Alaska","docAbstract":"Seventy-four crude oil samples from the Barrow arch on the North Slope of Alaska were studied to assess the relative volumetric contributions from different source rocks to the giant Prudhoe Bay Field. We applied alternating least squares to concentration data (ALS-C) for 46 biomarkers in the range C19-C35 to de-convolute mixtures of oil generated from carbonate rich Triassic Shublik Formation and clay rich Jurassic Kingak Shale and Cretaceous Hue Shale-gamma ray zone (Hue-GRZ) source rocks. ALS-C results for 23 oil samples from the prolific Ivishak Formation reservoir of the Prudhoe Bay Field indicate approximately equal contributions from Shublik Formation and Hue-GRZ source rocks (37% each), less from the Kingak Shale (26%), and little or no contribution from other source rocks. These results differ from published interpretations that most oil in the Prudhoe Bay Field originated from the Shublik Formation source rock. With few exceptions, the relative contribution of oil from the Shublik Formation decreases, while that from the Hue-GRZ increases in reservoirs along the Barrow arch from Point Barrow in the northwest to Point Thomson in the southeast (???250 miles or 400 km). The Shublik contribution also decreases to a lesser degree between fault blocks within the Ivishak pool from west to east across the Prudhoe Bay Field. ALS-C provides a robust means to calculate the relative amounts of two or more oil types in a mixture. Furthermore, ALS-C does not require that pure end member oils be identified prior to analysis or that laboratory mixtures of these oils be prepared to evaluate mixing. ALS-C of biomarkers reliably de-convolutes mixtures because the concentrations of compounds in mixtures vary as linear functions of the amount of each oil type. ALS of biomarker ratios (ALS-R) cannot be used to de-convolute mixtures because compound ratios vary as nonlinear functions of the amount of each oil type.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.03.001","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Peters, K.E., Scott, R.L., Zumberge, J., Valin, Z., and Bird, K.J., 2008, De-convoluting mixed crude oil in Prudhoe Bay Field, North Slope, Alaska: Organic Geochemistry, v. 39, no. 6, p. 623-645, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.03.001.","startPage":"623","endPage":"645","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213374,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.03.001"}],"volume":"39","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fde9e4b0c8380cd4e9e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, K. E.","contributorId":17295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, Ramos L.","contributorId":43177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Ramos","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zumberge, J.E.","contributorId":37867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zumberge","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valin, Z. C. 0000-0001-6199-6700","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6199-6700","contributorId":75165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valin","given":"Z. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bird, K. J.","contributorId":57824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bird","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031954,"text":"70031954 - 2008 - Ecohydrological factors affecting nitrate concentrations in a phreatic desert aquifer in northwestern China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-01T13:44:18","indexId":"70031954","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecohydrological factors affecting nitrate concentrations in a phreatic desert aquifer in northwestern China","docAbstract":"Aerobic conditions in desert aquifers commonly allow high nitrate (NO 3-) concentrations in recharge to persist for long periods of time, an important consideration for N-cycling and water quality. In this study, stable isotopes of NO3- (??15N NO3 and ??18ONO3) were used to trace NO3- cycling processes which affect concentrations in groundwater and unsaturated zone moisture in the arid Badain Jaran Oesert in northwestern China. Most groundwater NO3- appears to be depleted relative to Cl- in rainfall concentrated by evapotranspiration, indicating net N losses. Unsaturated zone NO 3- is generally higher than groundwater NO 3- in terms of both concentration (up to 15 476 ??M, corresponding to 3.6 mg NO3--N per kg sediment) and ratios with Cl-. Isotopic data indicate that the NO3- derives primarily from nitrification, with a minor direct contribution of atmospheric NO3- inferred for some samples, particularly in the unsaturated zone. Localized denitrification in the saturated zone is suggested by isotopic and geochemical indicators in some areas. Anthropogenic inputs appear to be minimal, and variability is attributed to environmental factors. In comparison to other arid regions, the sparseness of vegetation in the study area appears to play an important role in moderating unsaturated zone NO3- accumulation by allowing solute flushing and deterring extensive N2 fixation. ?? 2008 American Chemical Society.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es702478d","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Gates, J., Böhlke, J., and Edmunds, W., 2008, Ecohydrological factors affecting nitrate concentrations in a phreatic desert aquifer in northwestern China: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 42, no. 10, p. 3531-3537, https://doi.org/10.1021/es702478d.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3531","endPage":"3537","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214776,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es702478d"}],"volume":"42","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a053ee4b0c8380cd50d07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gates, J.B.","contributorId":105546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edmunds, W.M.","contributorId":107082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmunds","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031729,"text":"70031729 - 2008 - Monitoring volcanic threats using ASTER satellite data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-18T14:51:15.29859","indexId":"70031729","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Monitoring volcanic threats using ASTER satellite data","docAbstract":"This document summarizes ongoing activities associated with a research project funded by the national aeronautics and space administration (NASA) focusing on volcanic change detection through the use of satellite imagery. This work includes systems development as well as improvements in data analysis methods. Participating organizations include the NASA land processes distributed active archive center (LP DAAC) at the U.S. geological survey (USGS) center for earth resources observation and science (EROS), the Advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) science team, the Alaska volcano observatory (AVO) at the USGS Alaska science center, the jet propulsion laboratory/California Institute of Technology (JPL/CalTech), the University of Pittsburgh, and the University of Alaska Fairbanks.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2007","conferenceDate":"Jun 23-28, 2007","conferenceLocation":"Barcelona, Spain","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423900","usgsCitation":"Duda, K.A., Wessels, R., Ramsey, M., and Dehn, J., 2008, Monitoring volcanic threats using ASTER satellite data, in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Barcelona, Spain, Jun 23-28, 2007, p. 4669-4670, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423900.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"4669","endPage":"4670","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5dfce4b0c8380cd7071f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duda, K. A.","contributorId":88560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wessels, R. 0000-0001-9711-6402","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9711-6402","contributorId":33924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wessels","given":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":432889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramsey, M.","contributorId":105124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dehn, J.","contributorId":36731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dehn","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031722,"text":"70031722 - 2008 - Hepatic minerals of white-tailed and mule deer in the southern Black Hills, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:12","indexId":"70031722","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hepatic minerals of white-tailed and mule deer in the southern Black Hills, South Dakota","docAbstract":"Because there is a paucity of information on the mineral requirements of free-ranging deer, data are needed from clinically healthy deer to provide a basis for the diagnosis of mineral deficiencies. To our knowledge, no reports are available on baseline hepatic mineral concentrations from sympatric white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) using different habitats in the Northern Great Plains. We assessed variation in hepatic minerals of female white-tailed deer (n=42) and mule deer (n=41). Deer were collected in February and August 2002 and 2003 from study areas in Custer and Pennington Counties, South Dakota, in and adjacent to a wildfire burn. Hepatic samples were tested for levels (parts per million; ppm) of aluminum (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), selenium (Se), sodium (Na), sulfur (S), thalium (T1), and zinc (Zn). We predicted that variability in element concentrations would occur between burned and unburned habitat due to changes in plant communities and thereby forage availability. We determined that Zn, Cu, and Ba values differed (P???0.05) between habitats. Because of the nutritional demands of gestation and lactation, we hypothesized that elemental concentrations would vary depending on reproductive status; Cd, Cu, Ca, P, Mn, Mo, Na, and Zn values differed (P???0.05) by reproductive status. We also hypothesized that, due to variation in feeding strategies and morphology between deer species, hepatic elemental concentrations would reflect dietary differences; Ca, Cu, K, Co, Mo, Se, and Zn differed (P???0.05) between species. Further research is needed to determine causes of variation in hepatic mineral levels due to habitat, reproductive status, and species. ?? Wildlife Disease Association 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, T., Jenks, J., Leslie, D., and Neiger, R., 2008, Hepatic minerals of white-tailed and mule deer in the southern Black Hills, South Dakota: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 44, no. 2, p. 341-350.","startPage":"341","endPage":"350","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a305fe4b0c8380cd5d5c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, T.J.","contributorId":67288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenks, J.A.","contributorId":31726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenks","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neiger, R.D.","contributorId":63562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neiger","given":"R.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033314,"text":"70033314 - 2008 - Amphipod densities and indices of wetland quality across the upper-Midwest, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70033314","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Amphipod densities and indices of wetland quality across the upper-Midwest, USA","docAbstract":"Nutritional, behavioral, and diet data for lesser scaup (Aythya affinis [Eyton, 1838]) indicates that there has been a decrease in amphipod (Gammarus lacustris [G. O. Sars, 1863] and Hyalella azteca [Saussure, 1858]) density and wetland quality throughout the upper-Midwest, USA. Accordingly, we estimated densities of Gammarus and Hyalella in six eco-physiographic regions of Iowa, Minnesota, and North Dakota; 356 randomly selected semipermanent and permanent wetlands were sampled during springs 2004 and 2005. We also examined indices of wetland quality (e.g., turbidity, fish communities, aquatic vegetation) among regions in a random subset of these wetlands (n = 267). Gammarus and Hyalella were present in 19% and 54% of wetlands sampled, respectively. Gammarus and Hyalella densities in North Dakota were higher than those in Iowa and Minnesota. Although historical data are limited, our regional mean (1 to 12 m-3) amphipod densities (Gammarus + Hyalella) were markedly lower than any of the historical density estimates. Fish, important predators of amphipods, occurred in 31%-45% of wetlands in North Dakota, 84% of wetlands in the Red River Valley, and 74%-84% of wetlands in Iowa and Minnesota. Turbidity in wetlands of Minnesota Morainal (4.0 NTU geometric mean) and Red River Valley (6.1 NTU) regions appeared low relative to that of the rest of the upper-Midwest (13.2-17.5 NTU). We conclude that observed estimates of amphipods, fish, and turbidity are consistent with low wetland quality, which has resulted in lower food availability for various wildlife species, especially lesser scaup, which use these wetlands in the upper-Midwest. ?? 2008, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/07-53.1","issn":"02775","usgsCitation":"Anteau, M., and Afton, A., 2008, Amphipod densities and indices of wetland quality across the upper-Midwest, USA: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 1, p. 184-196, https://doi.org/10.1672/07-53.1.","startPage":"184","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213504,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/07-53.1"},{"id":241133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9cae4b0c8380cd4845b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anteau, M.J.","contributorId":12807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032939,"text":"70032939 - 2008 - United states national land cover data base development 1992-2001 and beyond","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-19T11:09:09.29337","indexId":"70032939","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"United states national land cover data base development 1992-2001 and beyond","docAbstract":"An accurate, up-to-date and spatially-explicate national land cover database is required for monitoring the status and trends of the nation's terrestrial ecosystem, and for managing and conserving land resources at the national scale. With all the challenges and resources required to develop such a database, an innovative and scientifically sound planning must be in place and a partnership be formed among users from government agencies, research institutes and private sectors. In this paper, we summarize major scientific and technical issues regarding the development of the NLCD 1992 and 2001. Experiences and lessons learned from the project are documented with regard to project design, technical approaches, accuracy assessment strategy, and projecti imiplementation.Future improvements in developing next generation NLCD beyond 2001 are suggested, including: 1) enhanced satellite data preprocessing in correction of atmospheric and adjacency effect and the topographic normalization; 2) improved classification accuracy through comprehensive and consistent training data and new algorithm development; 3) multi-resolution and multi-temporal database targeting major land cover changes and land cover database updates; 4) enriched database contents by including additional biophysical parameters and/or more detailed land cover classes through synergizing multi-sensor, multi-temporal, and multi-spectral satellite data and ancillary data, and 5) transform the NLCD project into a national land cover monitoring program. ?? 2008 IEEE.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"2008 International Workshop on Earth Observation and Remote Sensing Applications, EORSA","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2008 International Workshop on Earth Observation and Remote Sensing Applications, EORSA","conferenceDate":"June 30-July 2, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Beijing, China","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/EORSA.2008.4620339","usgsCitation":"Yang, L., 2008, United states national land cover data base development 1992-2001 and beyond, in 2008 International Workshop on Earth Observation and Remote Sensing Applications, EORSA, Beijing, China, June 30-July 2, 2008, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1109/EORSA.2008.4620339.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) 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]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbcd5e4b08c986b328e2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, L.","contributorId":6200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032935,"text":"70032935 - 2008 - Western juniper and ponderosa pine ecotonal climate-growth relationships across landscape gradients in southern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T14:35:55","indexId":"70032935","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Western juniper and ponderosa pine ecotonal climate-growth relationships across landscape gradients in southern Oregon","docAbstract":"Forecasts of climate change for the Pacific northwestern United States predict warmer temperatures, increased winter precipitation, and drier summers. Prediction of forest growth responses to these climate fluctuations requires identification of climatic variables limiting tree growth, particularly at limits of free species distributions. We addressed this problem at the pine-woodland ecotone using tree-ring data for western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis var. occidentalis Hook.) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Loud.) from southern Oregon. Annual growth chronologies for 1950-2000 were developed for each species at 17 locations. Correlation and linear regression of climate-growth relationships revealed that radial growth in both species is highly dependent on October-June precipitation events that recharge growing season soil water. Mean annual radial growth for the nine driest years suggests that annual growth in both species is more sensitive to drought at lower elevations and sites with steeper slopes and sandy or rocky soils. Future increases in winter precipitation could increase productivity in both species at the pine-woodland ecotone. Growth responses, however, will also likely vary across landscape features, and our findings suggest that heightened sensitivity to future drought periods and increased temperatures in the two species will predominantly occur at lower elevation sites with poor water-holding capacities. ?? 2008 NRC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/X08-142","issn":"00455","usgsCitation":"Knutson, K., and Pyke, D., 2008, Western juniper and ponderosa pine ecotonal climate-growth relationships across landscape gradients in southern Oregon: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 38, no. 12, p. 3021-3032, https://doi.org/10.1139/X08-142.","startPage":"3021","endPage":"3032","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213412,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/X08-142"}],"volume":"38","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd00ce4b08c986b32ec54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knutson, K.C.","contributorId":78557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knutson","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pyke, D.A.","contributorId":62713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033319,"text":"70033319 - 2008 - Assessing manure management strategies through small-plot research and whole-farm modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70033319","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2456,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing manure management strategies through small-plot research and whole-farm modeling","docAbstract":"Plot-scale experimentation can provide valuable insight into the effects of manure management practices on phosphorus (P) runoff, but whole-farm evaluation is needed for complete assessment of potential trade offs. Artificially-applied rainfall experimentation on small field plots and event-based and long-term simulation modeling were used to compare P loss in runoff related to two dairy manure application methods (surface application with and without incorporation by tillage) on contrasting Pennsylvania soils previously under no-till management. Results of single-event rainfall experiments indicated that average dissolved reactive P losses in runoff from manured plots decreased by up to 90% with manure incorporation while total P losses did not change significantly. Longer-term whole farm simulation modeling indicated that average dissolved reactive P losses would decrease by 8% with manure incorporation while total P losses would increase by 77% due to greater erosion from fields previously under no-till. Differences in the two methods of inference point to the need for caution in extrapolating research findings. Single-event rainfall experiments conducted shortly after manure application simulate incidental transfers of dissolved P in manure to runoff, resulting in greater losses of dissolved reactive P. However, the transfer of dissolved P in applied manure diminishes with time. Over the annual time frame simulated by whole farm modeling, erosion processes become more important to runoff P losses. Results of this study highlight the need to consider the potential for increased erosion and total P losses caused by soil disturbance during incorporation. This study emphasizes the ability of modeling to estimate management practice effectiveness at the larger scales when experimental data is not available.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00224","usgsCitation":"Garcia, A., Veith, T., Kleinman, P., Rotz, C., and Saporito, L., 2008, Assessing manure management strategies through small-plot research and whole-farm modeling: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 63, no. 4, p. 204-211.","startPage":"204","endPage":"211","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eddae4b0c8380cd49a5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, A.M.","contributorId":31585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Veith, T.L.","contributorId":40432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veith","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kleinman, P.J.A.","contributorId":29224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleinman","given":"P.J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rotz, C.A.","contributorId":9074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rotz","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Saporito, L.S.","contributorId":22158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saporito","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033680,"text":"70033680 - 2008 - Storm-damaged saline-contaminated boreholes as a means of aquifer contamination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033680","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Storm-damaged saline-contaminated boreholes as a means of aquifer contamination","docAbstract":"Saline water from a storm surge can flow down storm-damaged submerged water supply wells and contaminate boreholes and surrounding aquifers. Using data from conventional purging techniques, aquifer test response analysis, chemical analysis, and regression analysis of chloride/silica (Cl/Si) ratio, equations were derived to estimate the volume of saline water intrusion into a well and a porous media aquifer, the volume of water needed to purge a well shortly following an intrusion event, and the volume of water needed after delay of several or more months, when the saline plume has expanded. Purging time required is a function of volume of water and pumping rate. The study site well is located within a shoreline community of Lake Pontchartrain, St. Tammany Parish, in southeastern Louisiana, United States, which was impacted by two hurricane storm surges and had neither been rehabilitated nor chlorinated prior to our study. Chemical analysis of water samples in fall 2005 and purging of well and aquifer in June 6, 2006, indicated saline water had intruded the well in 2005 and the well and aquifer in 2006. The volume of water needed to purge the study well was approximately 200 casing volumes, which is significantly greater than conventionally used during collection of water samples for water quality analyses. ?? 2007 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00380.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Carlson, D., Van Biersel, T.P., and Milner, L., 2008, Storm-damaged saline-contaminated boreholes as a means of aquifer contamination: Ground Water, v. 46, no. 1, p. 69-79, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00380.x.","startPage":"69","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214492,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00380.x"},{"id":242224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b987ce4b08c986b31c05e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, D.A.","contributorId":56856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Biersel, T. P.","contributorId":98083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Biersel","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milner, L.R.","contributorId":84565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milner","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033681,"text":"70033681 - 2008 - Implications of black-tailed prairie dog spatial dynamics to black-footed ferrets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-21T20:54:03","indexId":"70033681","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of black-tailed prairie dog spatial dynamics to black-footed ferrets","docAbstract":"The spatial dynamics of black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies affect the utility of these environments for other wildlife, including the endangered black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes). We used location data of active and inactive black-tailed prairie dog burrows to investigate colony structure, spatial distribution, and patch dynamics of two colonies at ferret recovery sites. We used kernel-based utilization distributions (UDs) of active and inactive burrows from two time periods (six and 11 years apart) as the basis for our analysis. Overall, the total extent of our prairie dog colonies changed little over time. However, within colonies, areas with high densities of active and inactive prairie dog burrows formed patches and the distribution of these patches changed in size, shape, and connectivity over time. At the Conata Basin site, high-density active burrow patches increased in total area covered while decreasing in connectivity as they shifted towards the perimeter of the colony over time. At the UL Bend site, we observed a similar but less pronounced shift over a longer period of time. At both sites, while at a large scale it appeared that prairie dogs were simply shifting areas of activity towards the perimeter of colonies and abandoning the center of colonies, we observed a dynamic interaction between areas of active and inactive burrows within colonies over time. Areas that previously contained inactive burrows tended to become active, and vice versa, leading us to hypothesize that there are shifts of activity areas within colonies over time as dictated by forage availability. The spatial dynamics we observed have important implications for techniques to estimate the suitability of ferret habitat and for the management of prairie dog colonies. First, fine-scale techniques for measuring prairie dog colonies that account for their patchy spatial distribution are needed to better assess ferret habitat suitability. Second, the shift of high-density areas of active prairie dog burrows, likely associated with changes in vegetation, suggests that through the management of vegetation we might be able to indirectly improve habitat for ferrets. Finally, we found that prairie dog distributions within a colony are a naturally dynamic process and that management strategies should consider the long-term value of both active and inactive areas within colonies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Areas Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","doi":"10.3375/0885-8608(2008)28[14:IOBPDS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"08858608","usgsCitation":"Jachowski, D., Millspaugh, J., Biggins, E., Livieri, T., and Matchett, M., 2008, Implications of black-tailed prairie dog spatial dynamics to black-footed ferrets: Natural Areas Journal, v. 28, no. 1, p. 14-25, https://doi.org/10.3375/0885-8608(2008)28[14:IOBPDS]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"14","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242225,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267924,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3375/0885-8608(2008)28[14:IOBPDS]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a391fe4b0c8380cd617eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jachowski, D.S.","contributorId":67309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachowski","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millspaugh, J.J.","contributorId":99105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millspaugh","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biggins, E.","contributorId":88303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livieri, T.M.","contributorId":96910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livieri","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matchett, Marc R.","contributorId":53121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matchett","given":"Marc R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033773,"text":"70033773 - 2008 - A trade-off between model resolution and variance with selected Rayleigh-wave data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033773","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A trade-off between model resolution and variance with selected Rayleigh-wave data","docAbstract":"Inversion of multimode surface-wave data is of increasing interest in the near-surface geophysics community. For a given near-surface geophysical problem, it is essential to understand how well the data, calculated according to a layered-earth model, might match the observed data. A data-resolution matrix is a function of the data kernel (determined by a geophysical model and a priori information applied to the problem), not the data. A data-resolution matrix of high-frequency (??? 2 Hz) Rayleigh-wave phase velocities, therefore, offers a quantitative tool for designing field surveys and predicting the match between calculated and observed data. First, we employed a data-resolution matrix to select data that would be well predicted and to explain advantages of incorporating higher modes in inversion. The resulting discussion using the data-resolution matrix provides insight into the process of inverting Rayleigh-wave phase velocities with higher mode data to estimate S-wave velocity structure. Discussion also suggested that each near-surface geophysical target can only be resolved using Rayleigh-wave phase velocities within specific frequency ranges, and higher mode data are normally more accurately predicted than fundamental mode data because of restrictions on the data kernel for the inversion system. Second, we obtained an optimal damping vector in a vicinity of an inverted model by the singular value decomposition of a trade-off function of model resolution and variance. In the end of the paper, we used a real-world example to demonstrate that selected data with the data-resolution matrix can provide better inversion results and to explain with the data-resolution matrix why incorporating higher mode data in inversion can provide better results. We also calculated model-resolution matrices of these examples to show the potential of increasing model resolution with selected surface-wave data. With the optimal damping vector, we can improve and assess an inverted model obtained by a damped least-square method.","largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.3059153","issn":"10523","usgsCitation":"Xia, J., Miller, R., and Xu, Y., 2008, A trade-off between model resolution and variance with selected Rayleigh-wave data, in SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 27, no. 1, p. 1293-1297, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3059153.","startPage":"1293","endPage":"1297","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214317,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3059153"},{"id":242034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e602e4b0c8380cd470ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031972,"text":"70031972 - 2008 - Redox processes and water quality of selected principal aquifer systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:21:14","indexId":"70031972","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Redox processes and water quality of selected principal aquifer systems","docAbstract":"Reduction/oxidation (redox) conditions in 15 principal aquifer (PA) systems of the United States, and their impact on several water quality issues, were assessed from a large data base collected by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the USGS. The logic of these assessments was based on the observed ecological succession of electron acceptors such as dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and sulfate and threshold concentrations of these substrates needed to support active microbial metabolism. Similarly, the utilization of solid-phase electron acceptors such as Mn(IV) and Fe(III) is indicated by the production of dissolved manganese and iron. An internally consistent set of threshold concentration criteria was developed and applied to a large data set of 1692 water samples from the PAs to assess ambient redox conditions. The indicated redox conditions then were related to the occurrence of selected natural (arsenic) and anthropogenic (nitrate and volatile organic compounds) contaminants in ground water. For the natural and anthropogenic contaminants assessed in this study, considering redox conditions as defined by this framework of redox indicator species and threshold concentrations explained many water quality trends observed at a regional scale. An important finding of this study was that samples indicating mixed redox processes provide information on redox heterogeneity that is useful for assessing common water quality issues. Given the interpretive power of the redox framework and given that it is relatively inexpensive and easy to measure the chemical parameters included in the framework, those parameters should be included in routine water quality monitoring programs whenever possible.","language":"English","publisher":"NGWA","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00385.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., and Chapelle, F.H., 2008, Redox processes and water quality of selected principal aquifer systems: Ground Water, v. 46, no. 2, p. 259-271, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00385.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"271","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215024,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00385.x"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3c0e4b0e8fec6cdb965","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033323,"text":"70033323 - 2008 - Zero-inflated modeling of fish catch per unit area resulting from multiple gears: Application to channel catfish and shovelnose sturgeon in the Missouri River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033323","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zero-inflated modeling of fish catch per unit area resulting from multiple gears: Application to channel catfish and shovelnose sturgeon in the Missouri River","docAbstract":"Fisheries studies often employ multiple gears that result in large percentages of zero values. We considered a zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) model with random effects to address these excessive zeros. By employing a Bayesian ZIP model that simultaneously incorporates data from multiple gears to analyze data from the Missouri River, we were able to compare gears and make more year, segment, and macrohabitat comparisons than did the original data analysis. For channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, our results rank (highest to lowest) the mean catch per unit area (CPUA) for gears (beach seine, benthic trawl, electrofishing, and drifting trammel net); years (1998 and 1997); macrohabitats (tributary mouth, connected secondary channel, nonconnected secondary channel, and bend); and river segment zones (channelized, inter-reservoir, and least-altered). For shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus, the mean CPUA was significantly higher for benthic trawls and drifting trammel nets; 1998 and 1997; tributary mouths, bends, and connected secondary channels; and some channelized or least-altered inter-reservoir segments. One important advantage of our approach is the ability to reliably infer patterns of relative abundance by means of multiple gears without using gear efficiencies. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M06-250.1","issn":"02755","usgsCitation":"Arab, A., Wildhaber, M., Wikle, C.K., and Gentry, C., 2008, Zero-inflated modeling of fish catch per unit area resulting from multiple gears: Application to channel catfish and shovelnose sturgeon in the Missouri River: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 28, no. 4, p. 1044-1058, https://doi.org/10.1577/M06-250.1.","startPage":"1044","endPage":"1058","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213137,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M06-250.1"},{"id":240730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd267e4b08c986b32f7c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arab, A.","contributorId":71770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arab","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wildhaber, M. L. 0000-0002-6538-9083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":62961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wikle, C. K.","contributorId":57975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wikle","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gentry, C.N.","contributorId":55646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gentry","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033329,"text":"70033329 - 2008 - An overview of methods for developing bioenergetic and life history models for rare and endangered species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033329","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An overview of methods for developing bioenergetic and life history models for rare and endangered species","docAbstract":"Many fish species are at risk to some degree, and conservation efforts are planned or underway to preserve sensitive populations. For many imperiled species, models could serve as useful tools for researchers and managers as they seek to understand individual growth, quantify predator-prey dynamics, and identify critical sources of mortality. Development and application of models for rare species however, has been constrained by small population sizes, difficulty in obtaining sampling permits, limited opportunities for funding, and regulations on how endangered species can be used in laboratory studies. Bioenergetic and life history models should help with endangered species-recovery planning since these types of models have been used successfully in the last 25 years to address management problems for many commercially and recreationally important fish species. In this paper we discuss five approaches to developing models and parameters for rare species. Borrowing model functions and parameters from related species is simple, but uncorroborated results can be misleading. Directly estimating parameters with laboratory studies may be possible for rare species that have locally abundant populations. Monte Carlo filtering can be used to estimate several parameters by means of performing simple laboratory growth experiments to first determine test criteria. Pattern-oriented modeling (POM) is a new and developing field of research that uses field-observed patterns to build, test, and parameterize models. Models developed using the POM approach are closely linked to field data, produce testable hypotheses, and require a close working relationship between modelers and empiricists. Artificial evolution in individual-based models can be used to gain insight into adaptive behaviors for poorly understood species and thus can fill in knowledge gaps. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T05-045.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J., DeAngelis, D., and Paukert, C., 2008, An overview of methods for developing bioenergetic and life history models for rare and endangered species: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 137, no. 1, p. 244-253, https://doi.org/10.1577/T05-045.1.","startPage":"244","endPage":"253","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487778,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/t05-045.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213317,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T05-045.1"},{"id":240929,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaabe4b0c8380cd489e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, J.H.","contributorId":72154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paukert, C.P.","contributorId":10151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031980,"text":"70031980 - 2008 - A linked hydrodynamic and water quality model for the Salton Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:19:24","indexId":"70031980","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A linked hydrodynamic and water quality model for the Salton Sea","docAbstract":"A linked hydrodynamic and water quality model was developed and applied to the Salton Sea. The hydrodynamic component is based on the one-dimensional numerical model, DLM. The water quality model is based on a new conceptual model for nutrient cycling in the Sea, and simulates temperature, total suspended sediment concentration, nutrient concentrations, including PO4-3, NO3-1 and NH4+1, DO concentration and chlorophyll a concentration as functions of depth and time. Existing water temperature data from 1997 were used to verify that the model could accurately represent the onset and breakup of thermal stratification. 1999 is the only year with a near-complete dataset for water quality variables for the Salton Sea. The linked hydrodynamic and water quality model was run for 1999, and by adjustment of rate coefficients and other water quality parameters, a good match with the data was obtained. In this article, the model is fully described and the model results for reductions in external phosphorus load on chlorophyll a distribution are presented. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-008-9311-6","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Chung, E., Schladow, S., Perez-Losada, J., and Robertson, D.M., 2008, A linked hydrodynamic and water quality model for the Salton Sea: Hydrobiologia, v. 604, no. 1, p. 57-75, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9311-6.","startPage":"57","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214648,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9311-6"}],"volume":"604","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e438e4b0c8380cd464f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chung, E.G.","contributorId":89773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chung","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schladow, S.G.","contributorId":92791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schladow","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perez-Losada, J.","contributorId":48054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez-Losada","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032885,"text":"70032885 - 2008 - Resolving model parameter values from carbon and nitrogen stock measurements in a wide range of tropical mature forests using nonlinear inversion and regression trees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:12:35","indexId":"70032885","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resolving model parameter values from carbon and nitrogen stock measurements in a wide range of tropical mature forests using nonlinear inversion and regression trees","docAbstract":"Objectively assessing the performance of a model and deriving model parameter values from observations are critical and challenging in landscape to regional modeling. In this paper, we applied a nonlinear inversion technique to calibrate the ecosystem model CENTURY against carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stock measurements collected from 39 mature tropical forest sites in seven life zones in Costa Rica. Net primary productivity from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), C and N stocks in aboveground live biomass, litter, coarse woody debris (CWD), and in soils were used to calibrate the model. To investigate the resolution of available observations on the number of adjustable parameters, inversion was performed using nine setups of adjustable parameters. Statistics including observation sensitivity, parameter correlation coefficient, parameter sensitivity, and parameter confidence limits were used to evaluate the information content of observations, resolution of model parameters, and overall model performance. Results indicated that soil organic carbon content, soil nitrogen content, and total aboveground biomass carbon had the highest information contents, while measurements of carbon in litter and nitrogen in CWD contributed little to the parameter estimation processes. The available information could resolve the values of 2-4 parameters. Adjusting just one parameter resulted in under-fitting and unacceptable model performance, while adjusting five parameters simultaneously led to over-fitting. Results further indicated that the MODIS NPP values were compressed as compared with the spatial variability of net primary production (NPP) values inferred from inverse modeling. Using inverse modeling to infer NPP and other sensitive model parameters from C and N stock observations provides an opportunity to utilize data collected by national to regional forest inventory systems to reduce the uncertainties in the carbon cycle and generate valuable databases to validate and improve MODIS NPP algorithms.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.025","issn":"03043","usgsCitation":"Liu, S., Anderson, P., Zhou, G., Kauffman, B., Hughes, F., Schimel, D., Watson, V., and Tosi, J., 2008, Resolving model parameter values from carbon and nitrogen stock measurements in a wide range of tropical mature forests using nonlinear inversion and regression trees: Ecological Modelling, v. 219, no. 3-4, p. 327-341, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.025.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"327","endPage":"341","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213626,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.025"}],"volume":"219","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa9dae4b0c8380cd85feb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, P.","contributorId":102682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhou, G.","contributorId":12604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kauffman, B.","contributorId":47176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hughes, F.","contributorId":101091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schimel, D.","contributorId":38781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schimel","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Watson, Vicente","contributorId":31992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Vicente","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tosi, Joseph","contributorId":67302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tosi","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70031883,"text":"70031883 - 2008 - Comparing histology and gonadosomatic index for determining spawning condition of small-bodied riverine fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031883","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing histology and gonadosomatic index for determining spawning condition of small-bodied riverine fishes","docAbstract":"We compared gonadosomatic index (GSI) and histological analysis of ovaries for identifying reproductive periods of fishes to determine the validity of using GSI in future studies. Four small-bodied riverine species were examined in our comparison of the two methods. Mean GSI was significantly different between all histological stages for suckermouth minnow and red shiner. Mean GSI was significantly different between most stages for slenderhead darter; whereas stages 3 and 6 were not significantly different, the time period when these stages are present would allow fisheries biologists to distinguish between the two stages. Mean GSI was not significantly different for many histological stages in stonecat. Difficulties in distinguishing between histological stages and GSI associated with stonecat illustrate potential problems obtaining appropriate sample sizes from species that move to alternative habitats to spawn. We suggest that GSI would be a useful tool in identifying mature ovaries in many small-bodied, multiple-spawning fishes. This information could be combined with data from histology during mature periods to pinpoint specific spawning events. ?? 2007 Blackwell Munksgaard.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0633.2007.00256.x","issn":"09066691","usgsCitation":"Brewer, S., Rabeni, C., and Papoulias, D., 2008, Comparing histology and gonadosomatic index for determining spawning condition of small-bodied riverine fishes: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 17, no. 1, p. 54-58, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2007.00256.x.","startPage":"54","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214705,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2007.00256.x"},{"id":242453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f834e4b0c8380cd4cf39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brewer, S.K.","contributorId":34284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabeni, C.F.","contributorId":67823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"C.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Papoulias, D. M. 0000-0002-5106-2469","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-2469","contributorId":58759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papoulias","given":"D. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032877,"text":"70032877 - 2008 - Estimating watershed level nonagricultural pesticide use from golf courses using geospatial methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032877","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating watershed level nonagricultural pesticide use from golf courses using geospatial methods","docAbstract":"Limited information exists on pesticide use for nonagricultural purposes, making it difficult to estimate pesticide loadings from nonagricultural sources to surface water and to conduct environmental risk assessments. A method was developed to estimate the amount of pesticide use on recreational turf grasses, specifically golf course turf grasses, for watersheds located throughout the conterminous United States (U.S.). The approach estimates pesticide use: (1) based on the area of recreational turf grasses (used as a surrogate for turf associated with golf courses) within the watershed, which was derived from maps of land cover, and (2) from data on the location and average treatable area of golf courses. The area of golf course turf grasses determined from these two methods was used to calculate the percentage of each watershed planted in golf course turf grass (percent crop area, or PCA). Turf-grass PCAs derived from the two methods were used with recommended application rates provided on pesticide labels to estimate total pesticide use on recreational turf within 1,606 watersheds associated with surface-water sources of drinking water. These pesticide use estimates made from label rates and PCAs were compared to use estimates from industry sales data on the amount of each pesticide sold for use within the watershed. The PCAs derived from the land-cover data had an average value of 0.4% of a watershed with minimum of 0.01% and a maximum of 9.8%, whereas the PCA values that are based on the number of golf courses in a watershed had an average of 0.3% of a watershed with a minimum of <0.01% and a maximum of 14.2%. Both the land-cover method and the number of golf courses method produced similar PCA distributions, suggesting that either technique may be used to provide a PCA estimate for recreational turf. The average and maximum PCAs generally correlated to watershed size, with the highest PCAs estimated for small watersheds. Using watershed specific PCAs, combined with label rates, resulted in greater than two orders of magnitude over-estimation of the pesticide use compared to estimates from sales data. ?? 2008 American Water Resources Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00229.x","issn":"10934","usgsCitation":"Fox, G., Thelin, G., Sabbagh, G., Fuchs, J., and Kelly, I., 2008, Estimating watershed level nonagricultural pesticide use from golf courses using geospatial methods: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 44, no. 6, p. 1363-1372, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00229.x.","startPage":"1363","endPage":"1372","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213990,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00229.x"},{"id":241673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b6ee4b0c8380cd52708","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fox, G.A.","contributorId":17725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thelin, G.P.","contributorId":84421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thelin","given":"G.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sabbagh, G.J.","contributorId":13450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabbagh","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuchs, J.W.","contributorId":30834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuchs","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kelly, I.D.","contributorId":29229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"I.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033330,"text":"70033330 - 2008 - Joint inversion of fundamental and higher mode Rayleigh waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033330","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1234,"text":"Chinese Journal of Geophysics (Acta Geophysica Sinica)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Joint inversion of fundamental and higher mode Rayleigh waves","docAbstract":"In this paper, we analyze the characteristics of the phase velocity of fundamental and higher mode Rayleigh waves in a six-layer earth model. The results show that fundamental mode is more sensitive to the shear velocities of shallow layers (< 7 m) and concentrated in a very narrow band (around 18 Hz) while higher modes are more sensitive to the parameters of relatively deeper layers and distributed over a wider frequency band. These properties provide a foundation of using a multi-mode joint inversion to define S-wave velocity. Inversion results of both synthetic data and a real-world example demonstrate that joint inversion with the damped least squares method and the SVD (Singular Value Decomposition) technique to invert Rayleigh waves of fundamental and higher modes can effectively reduce the ambiguity and improve the accuracy of inverted S-wave velocities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chinese Journal of Geophysics (Acta Geophysica Sinica)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Chinese","issn":"00015733","usgsCitation":"Luo, Y., Xia, J., Liu, J., and Liu, Q., 2008, Joint inversion of fundamental and higher mode Rayleigh waves: Chinese Journal of Geophysics (Acta Geophysica Sinica), v. 51, no. 1, p. 242-249.","startPage":"242","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4001e4b0c8380cd649c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, Y.-H.","contributorId":25765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.-H.","contributorId":58105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, J.-P.","contributorId":102695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"J.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, Q.-S.","contributorId":15017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Q.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032789,"text":"70032789 - 2008 - An improved state-parameter analysis of ecosystem models using data assimilation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T12:55:03","indexId":"70032789","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An improved state-parameter analysis of ecosystem models using data assimilation","docAbstract":"Much of the effort spent in developing data assimilation methods for carbon dynamics analysis has focused on estimating optimal values for either model parameters or state variables. The main weakness of estimating parameter values alone (i.e., without considering state variables) is that all errors from input, output, and model structure are attributed to model parameter uncertainties. On the other hand, the accuracy of estimating state variables may be lowered if the temporal evolution of parameter values is not incorporated. This research develops a smoothed ensemble Kalman filter (SEnKF) by combining ensemble Kalman filter with kernel smoothing technique. SEnKF has following characteristics: (1) to estimate simultaneously the model states and parameters through concatenating unknown parameters and state variables into a joint state vector; (2) to mitigate dramatic, sudden changes of parameter values in parameter sampling and parameter evolution process, and control narrowing of parameter variance which results in filter divergence through adjusting smoothing factor in kernel smoothing algorithm; (3) to assimilate recursively data into the model and thus detect possible time variation of parameters; and (4) to address properly various sources of uncertainties stemming from input, output and parameter uncertainties. The SEnKF is tested by assimilating observed fluxes of carbon dioxide and environmental driving factor data from an AmeriFlux forest station located near Howland, Maine, USA, into a partition eddy flux model. Our analysis demonstrates that model parameters, such as light use efficiency, respiration coefficients, minimum and optimum temperatures for photosynthetic activity, and others, are highly constrained by eddy flux data at daily-to-seasonal time scales. The SEnKF stabilizes parameter values quickly regardless of the initial values of the parameters. Potential ecosystem light use efficiency demonstrates a strong seasonality. Results show that the simultaneous parameter estimation procedure significantly improves model predictions. Results also show that the SEnKF can dramatically reduce the variance in state variables stemming from the uncertainty of parameters and driving variables. The SEnKF is a robust and effective algorithm in evaluating and developing ecosystem models and in improving the understanding and quantification of carbon cycle parameters and processes. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.013","issn":"03043","usgsCitation":"Chen, M., Liu, S., Tieszen, L., and Hollinger, D., 2008, An improved state-parameter analysis of ecosystem models using data assimilation: Ecological Modelling, v. 219, no. 3-4, p. 317-326, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.013.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"326","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213678,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.013"}],"volume":"219","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea73e4b0c8380cd48881","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, M.","contributorId":73417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tieszen, L.L.","contributorId":24046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hollinger, D.Y.","contributorId":86567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollinger","given":"D.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}