Chromium(VI) concentrations in excess of the California Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 50 μg/L occur naturally in alkaline, oxic ground-water in alluvial aquifers in the western Mojave Desert, southern California. The highest concentrations were measured in aquifers eroded from mafic rock, but Cr(VI) as high as 27 μg/L was measured in aquifers eroded from granitic rock. Chromium(VI) concentrations did not exceed 5 μg/L at pH < 7.5 regardless of geology. δ53Cr values in native ground-water ranged from 0.7 to 5.1‰ and values were fractionated relative to the average δ53Cr composition of 0‰ in the earth’s crust. Positive δ53Cr values of 1.2 and 2.3‰ were measured in ground-water recharge areas having low Cr concentrations, consistent with the addition of Cr(VI) that was fractionated on mineral surfaces prior to entering solution. δ53Cr values, although variable, did not consistently increase or decrease with increasing Cr concentrations as ground-water flowed down gradient through more oxic portions of the aquifer. However, increasing δ53Cr values were observed as dissolved O2 concentrations decreased, and Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III), and subsequently removed from solution. As a result, the highest δ53Cr values were measured in water from deep wells, and wells in discharge areas near dry lakes at the downgradient end of long flow paths through alluvial aquifers. δ53Cr values at an industrial site overlying mafic alluvium having high natural background Cr(VI) concentrations ranged from −0.1 to 3.2‰. Near zero δ53Cr values at the site were the result of anthropogenic Cr. However, mixing with native ground-water and fractionation of Cr within the plume increased δ53Cr values at the site. Although δ53Cr was not necessarily diagnostic of anthropogenic Cr, it was possible to identify the extent of anthropogenic Cr at the site on the basis of the δ53Cr values in conjunction with major-ion data, and the δ18O and δD composition of water from wells.
Approximately 7,610 to 3,175 pairs of Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias) nested along 420 river km of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) from 1993 to 2003. Numbers declined precipitously in the mid-1990s stabilizing somewhat in the early 2000s. The average number of nests in colonies was 349 (SD = 283). Annual colony turn over rate for the eleven year period was 0.15 and ranged from 0.06 to 0.29 each year. The number of years that a colony was active was positively correlated with the average number of nests present while the colony was active. Of the eight colonies active in 1993 that averaged more than 349 nests, four were abandoned by 2003. Only one colony grew to greater than 349 nests during the study period. Custer et al. (2004) suggested that herons on the UMR may be limited by forage resources or foraging habitat and social factors, as evidenced by the even spacing of colonies that reflects the maximum feeding range of herons on the river. To rule out nesting and foraging habitat limitation, landscape habitat features of terrestrial and aquatic areas were examined for colony areas and areas without colonies. Available fish monitoring data were used to examine potential interactions between herons and forage resources. Colony areas did not differ from areas without colonies in any habitat feature. Indices of potential heron forage fish increased from 1993 to 2002, although low indices of fish abundance in 1993 were likely influenced by flood conditions that year. Although fish availability to herons is related to flows and water levels, available data suggested that herons did not negatively impact their potential forage base. Numbers of herons were not correlated with indices of fish abundance from the preceding year on a pool-wide scale. Indices of fish abundance were higher within 5 km of colonies than farther than 5 km from colonies, and indices of fish abundance increased from June through August both near and far from colonies. Numbers of herons and locations and sizes of colonies varied annually, whereas landscape features typically vary little if at all from year to year. Indices of fish abundance also varied greatly by sample location and year. Disturbance, particularly by humans in this highly used river, should be examined in relation to limiting foraging opportunities and influencing behavior (colony and individual) and productivity in colonies.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[252:AHUBBG]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kirsch, E., Ickes, B., and Olsen, D., 2008, Assessing habitat use by breeding Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias) on the Upper Mississippi River, USA: Waterbirds, v. 31, no. 2, p. 252-267, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[252:AHUBBG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"252","endPage":"267","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.37353515625,\n 39.198205348894795\n ],\n [\n -91.1865234375,\n 40.1452892956766\n ],\n [\n -90.02197265625,\n 41.78769700539063\n ],\n [\n -89.93408203124999,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -90.98876953125,\n 43.11702412135048\n ],\n [\n -90.98876953125,\n 44.10336537791152\n ],\n [\n -92.83447265624999,\n 45.089035564831036\n ],\n [\n -94.39453125,\n 45.920587344733654\n ],\n [\n -94.833984375,\n 45.5679096098613\n ],\n [\n -93.31787109374999,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -92.63671875,\n 44.43377984606822\n ],\n [\n -91.7578125,\n 43.91372326852401\n ],\n [\n -91.51611328125,\n 43.628123412124616\n ],\n [\n -91.3623046875,\n 43.052833917627936\n ],\n [\n -90.94482421875,\n 42.4234565179383\n ],\n [\n -90.68115234375,\n 42.293564192170095\n ],\n [\n -90.41748046874999,\n 41.88592102814744\n ],\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 41.60722821271717\n ],\n [\n -91.29638671875,\n 41.062786068733026\n ],\n [\n -91.7138671875,\n 40.36328834091583\n ],\n [\n -91.62597656249999,\n 39.57182223734374\n ],\n [\n -90.7470703125,\n 38.90813299596705\n ],\n [\n -90.37353515625,\n 39.198205348894795\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edd7e4b0c8380cd49a3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirsch, E.M.","contributorId":87486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirsch","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ickes, B.","contributorId":87371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ickes","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olsen, D.A.","contributorId":10377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033688,"text":"70033688 - 2008 - Key elements of regional seismic velocity models for long period ground motion simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033688","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2453,"text":"Journal of Seismology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Key elements of regional seismic velocity models for long period ground motion simulations","docAbstract":"Regional 3-D seismic velocity models used for broadband strong motion simulations must include compressional-wave velocity (Vp), shear-wave velocity (Vs), intrinsic attenuation (Qp, Qs), and density. Vs and Qs are the most important of these parameters because the strongest ground motions are generated chiefly by shear- and surface-wave arrivals. Because Vp data are more common than Vs data, many researchers first develop a Vp model and convert it to a Vs model. I describe recent empirical relations between Vs, Vp, Qs, Qp, and density that allow velocity models to be rapidly and accurately calculated. ?? Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Seismology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10950-007-9061-3","issn":"13834649","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T., 2008, Key elements of regional seismic velocity models for long period ground motion simulations: Journal of Seismology, v. 12, no. 2, p. 217-221, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-007-9061-3.","startPage":"217","endPage":"221","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214138,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10950-007-9061-3"},{"id":241832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a407ae4b0c8380cd64dcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70033354,"text":"70033354 - 2008 - Late Pleistocene Hansel Valley basaltic ash, northern Lake Bonneville, Utah, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033354","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene Hansel Valley basaltic ash, northern Lake Bonneville, Utah, USA","docAbstract":"The Hansel Valley ash bed lies within 5 cm of the base of deposits of Lake Bonneville (???28 ka) in the vicinity of Great Salt Lake and provides a useful stratigraphic marker for this area of the lake basin. However, it has not been matched to an eruptive edifice, presumably because such an edifice was eroded by waves of Lake Bonneville. We present data for the chemical composition of the tephra and for possible matching lavas and tephras of the region, as well as grain size data for the tephra in an attempt to identify the location of the eruption. Matches with other tephras are negative, but lavas near the coarsest ash deposits match well with the distinctive high values of TiO2 and P2O5 of the ash. Neither chemistry nor grain size data points uniquely to a source area, but an area near the northwest shore of Great Salt Lake and within Curlew Valley is most likely. The Hansel Valley ash is an example of an ash that has no direct numerical date from proximal deposits, despite considerable study, yet nonetheless is useful for stratigraphic studies by virtue of its known stratigraphic position and approximate age. Basaltic tephras commonly are not as widespread as their rhyolitic counterparts, and in some cases apparently are produced by eruptive sources that are short lived and whose edifices are not persistent. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2007.03.016","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Miller, D., Oviatt, C.G., and Nash, B., 2008, Late Pleistocene Hansel Valley basaltic ash, northern Lake Bonneville, Utah, USA: Quaternary International, v. 178, no. 1, p. 238-245, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.03.016.","startPage":"238","endPage":"245","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213378,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.03.016"},{"id":240999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"178","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4507e4b0c8380cd66f8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, D. M. 0000-0003-3711-0441","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":104422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"D. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oviatt, Charles G.","contributorId":36580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oviatt","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nash, B.P.","contributorId":35115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033360,"text":"70033360 - 2008 - Evaluation and comparison of the IRS-P6 and the landsat sensors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T12:39:55","indexId":"70033360","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation and comparison of the IRS-P6 and the landsat sensors","docAbstract":"The Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS-P6), also called ResourceSat-1, was launched in a polar sun-synchronous orbit on October 17, 2003. It carries three sensors: the highresolution Linear Imaging Self-Scanner (LISS-IV), the mediumresolution Linear Imaging Self-Scanner (LISS-III), and the Advanced Wide-Field Sensor (AWiFS). These three sensors provide images of different resolutions and coverage. To understand the absolute radiometric calibration accuracy of IRS-P6 AWiFS and LISS-III sensors, image pairs from these sensors were compared to images from the Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat-7 Enhanced TM Plus (ETM+) sensors. The approach involves calibration of surface observations based on image statistics from areas observed nearly simultaneously by the two sensors. This paper also evaluated the viability of data from these nextgeneration imagers for use in creating three National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) products: land cover, percent tree canopy, and percent impervious surface. Individual products were consistent with previous studies but had slightly lower overall accuracies as compared to data from the Landsat sensors.","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2007.907426","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Chander, G., Coan, M., and Scaramuzza, P.L., 2008, Evaluation and comparison of the IRS-P6 and the landsat sensors: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 46, no. 1, p. 209-221, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2007.907426.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"221","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213407,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2007.907426"}],"volume":"46","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c06e4b0c8380cd529da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coan, M.J.","contributorId":47884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coan","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scaramuzza, P. L. 0000-0002-2616-8456","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2616-8456","contributorId":107504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scaramuzza","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033361,"text":"70033361 - 2008 - Seasonal survival of radiomarked emperor geese in western Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T18:13:26.134442","indexId":"70033361","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal survival of radiomarked emperor geese in western Alaska","docAbstract":"The population of emperor geese (Chen canagica) in western Alaska, USA, declined by >50% from the 1960s to the mid‐1980s and has increased only slightly since. Rates of population increase among arctic geese are especially sensitive to changes in adult survival. Improving adult survival in seasons or geographic areas where survival is low may be the best means of increasing the emperor goose population. We monitored fates of 133 adult female emperor geese that were radiomarked with surgically implanted very high frequency or satellite radiotransmitters from 1999 to 2004 to assess whether monthly survival varied among years, seasons, or geographic areas. Because of uncertainties in determining whether a bird had died based on the radio signal, we analyzed 2 versions of the data. One version used conservative criteria to identify which birds had died based on radio signals and the other used more liberal criteria. In the conservative version of the data we detected 12 mortalities of emperor geese, whereas in the liberal interpretation there were 18 mortalities. In both versions, the models with greatest support indicated that monthly survival varied seasonally and that compared to most seasons estimated monthly survival was lower (φ = 0.95–0.98) in May and August when emperor geese were mainly on the Yukon‐Kuskokwim Delta. From 44% to 47% of annual mortality occurred in those months. Estimated monthly survival was higher (φ = 0.98–1.0) from September through March when emperor geese were at autumn staging or wintering areas and in June and July when birds were nesting, rearing broods, or molting. Estimated annual survival was 0.85 (95% CI = 0.77–0.92) in the best‐supported model when we used conservative criteria to identify mortalities and 0.79 (95% CI = 0.74–0.85) under the best model using liberal mortality criteria. Lower survival in August and May corresponded to periods when subsistence harvest of emperor geese was likely highest. Managers may be able to most effectively influence population growth rate of emperor geese by reducing subsistence harvest on the Yukon‐Kuskokwim Delta in May and August.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Hupp, J.W., Schmutz, J.A., and Ely, C.R., 2008, Seasonal survival of radiomarked emperor geese in western Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 7, p. 1584-1595.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1584","endPage":"1595","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378317,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildlife.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2193/2007-358"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -178.2421875,\n 51.481382896100975\n ],\n [\n -150.732421875,\n 51.481382896100975\n ],\n [\n -150.732421875,\n 63.3324127919358\n ],\n [\n -178.2421875,\n 63.3324127919358\n ],\n [\n -178.2421875,\n 51.481382896100975\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88dbe4b08c986b316be2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033362,"text":"70033362 - 2008 - Importance of physical and hydraulic characteristics to unionid mussels: A retrospective analysis in a reach of large river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033362","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of physical and hydraulic characteristics to unionid mussels: A retrospective analysis in a reach of large river","docAbstract":"Interest in understanding physical and hydraulic factors that might drive distribution and abundance of freshwater mussels has been increasing due to their decline throughout North America. We assessed whether the spatial distribution of unionid mussels could be predicted from physical and hydraulic variables in a reach of the Upper Mississippi River. Classification and regression tree (CART) models were constructed using mussel data compiled from various sources and explanatory variables derived from GIS coverages. Prediction success of CART models for presence-absence of mussels ranged from 71 to 76% across three gears (brail, sled-dredge, and dive-quadrat) and 51% of the deviance in abundance. Models were largely driven by shear stress and substrate stability variables, but interactions with simple physical variables, especially slope, were also important. Geospatial models, which were based on tree model results, predicted few mussels in poorly connected backwater areas (e.g., floodplain lakes) and the navigation channel, whereas main channel border areas with high geomorphic complexity (e.g., river bends, islands, side channel entrances) and small side channels were typically favorable to mussels. Moreover, bootstrap aggregation of discharge-specific regression tree models of dive-quadrat data indicated that variables measured at low discharge were about 25% more predictive (PMSE = 14.8) than variables measured at median discharge (PMSE = 20.4) with high discharge (PMSE = 17.1) variables intermediate. This result suggests that episodic events such as droughts and floods were important in structuring mussel distributions. Although the substantial mussel and ancillary data in our study reach is unusual, our approach to develop exploratory statistical and geospatial models should be useful even when data are more limited. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-007-9167-1","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Zigler, S.J., Newton, T., Steuer, J.J., Bartsch, M., and Sauer, J., 2008, Importance of physical and hydraulic characteristics to unionid mussels: A retrospective analysis in a reach of large river: Hydrobiologia, v. 598, no. 1, p. 343-360, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9167-1.","startPage":"343","endPage":"360","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213440,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9167-1"},{"id":241066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"598","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a393fe4b0c8380cd61869","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zigler, S. J.","contributorId":21513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zigler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newton, T.J.","contributorId":104428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steuer, J. J.","contributorId":12430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steuer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartsch, M.R.","contributorId":42908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sauer, J.S.","contributorId":106455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033366,"text":"70033366 - 2008 - Constraints on the Pleistocene chronology of sediments from the Lomonosov Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033366","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints on the Pleistocene chronology of sediments from the Lomonosov Ridge","docAbstract":"Despite its importance in the global climate system, age-calibrated marine geologic records reflecting the evolultion of glacial cycles through the Pleistocene are largely absent from the central Arctic Ocean. This is especially true for sediments older than 200 ka. Three sites cored during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program's Expedition 302, the Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX), provide a 27 m continuous sedimentary section from the Lomonosov Ridge in the central Arctic Ocean. Two key biostratigraphic datums and constraints from the magnetic inclination data are used to anchor the chronology of these sediments back to the base of the Cobb Mountain subchron (1215 ka). Beyond 1215 ka, two best fitting geomagnetic models are used to investigate the nature of cyclostratigraphic change. Within this chronology we show that bulk and mineral magnetic properties of the sediments vary on predicted Milankovitch frequencies. These cyclic variations record \"glacial\" and \"interglacial\" modes of sediment deposition on the Lomonosov Ridge as evident in studies of ice-rafted debris and stable isotopic and faunal assemblages for the last two glacial cycles and were used to tune the age model. Potential errors, which largely arise from uncertainties in the nature of downhole paleomagnetic variability, and the choice of a tuning target are handled by defining an error envelope that is based on the best fitting cyclostratigraphic and geomagnetic solutions. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleoceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007PA001551","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"O’Regan, M., King, J., Backman, J., Jakobsson, M., Palike, H., Moran, K., Heil, C., Sakamoto, T., Cronin, T.M., and Jordan, R., 2008, Constraints on the Pleistocene chronology of sediments from the Lomonosov Ridge: Paleoceanography, v. 23, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007PA001551.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487757,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/gsofacpubs/1699","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213476,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007PA001551"},{"id":241102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa0ce4b0c8380cd4d8df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Regan, M.","contributorId":38361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Regan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, J.","contributorId":100143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Backman, J.","contributorId":49596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Backman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jakobsson, M.","contributorId":86970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakobsson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Palike, H.","contributorId":64021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palike","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moran, K.","contributorId":96479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Heil, C.","contributorId":68954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heil","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sakamoto, T.","contributorId":31573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sakamoto","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":440522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Jordan, R.W.","contributorId":42032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70033693,"text":"70033693 - 2008 - A comparative analysis of simulated and observed landslide locations triggered by Hurricane Camille in Nelson County, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033693","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparative analysis of simulated and observed landslide locations triggered by Hurricane Camille in Nelson County, Virginia","docAbstract":"In 1969, Nelson County, Virginia received up to 71 cm of rain within 12 h starting at 7 p.m. on August 19. The total rainfall from the storm exceeded the 1000-year return period in the region. Several thousands of landslides were induced by rainfall associated with Hurricane Camille causing fatalities and destroying infrastructure. We apply a distributed transient response model for regional slope stability analysis to shallow landslides. Initiation points of over 3000 debris flows and effects of flooding from this storm are applied to the model. Geotechnical data used in the calculations are published data from samples of colluvium. Results from these calculations are compared with field observations such as landslide trigger location and timing of debris flows to assess how well the model predicts the spatial and temporal distribution. of landslide initiation locations. The model predicts many of the initiation locations in areas where debris flows are observed. Copyright ?? 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6882","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Morrissey, M., Wieczorek, G.F., and Morgan, B., 2008, A comparative analysis of simulated and observed landslide locations triggered by Hurricane Camille in Nelson County, Virginia: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 4, p. 524-531, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6882.","startPage":"524","endPage":"531","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214201,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6882"},{"id":241899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e34ee4b0c8380cd45f66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrissey, M.M.","contributorId":41477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrissey","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wieczorek, G. F.","contributorId":50143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"G.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, B. A.","contributorId":87128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033374,"text":"70033374 - 2008 - The influence of alewife year-class strength on prey selection and abundance of age-1 Chinook salmon in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033374","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of alewife year-class strength on prey selection and abundance of age-1 Chinook salmon in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"We used growth and diet data from a fishery-independent survey of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, acoustic estimates of prey density and biomass, and statistical catch-at-age modeling to study the influence of the year-class strength of alewife Alosa pseudoharengus on the prey selection and abundance of age-1 Chinook salmon in Lake Michigan during the years 1992-1996 and 2001-2005. Alewives age 2 or younger were a large part of age-1 Chinook salmon diets but were not selectively fed upon by age-1 Chinook salmon in most years. Feeding by age-1 Chinook salmon on alewives age 2 or younger became selective as the biomass of alewives in that young age bracket increased, and age-1 Chinook salmon also fed selectively on young bloaters Coregonus hoyi when bloater density was high. Selection of older alewives decreased at high densities of alewives age 2 or younger and, in some cases, high densities of bloater. The weight and condition of age-1 Chinook salmon were not related to age-1 Chinook salmon abundance or prey abundance, but the abundance of age-1 Chinook salmon in year t was positively related to the density of age-0 alewives in year t - 1. Our results suggest that alewife year-class strength exerts a positive bottom-up influence on age-1 Chinook salmon abundance, prey switching behavior by young Chinook salmon contributing to the stability of the predator-prey relationship between Chinook salmon and alewives. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T07-130.1","issn":"00028","usgsCitation":"Warner, D., Kiley, C., Claramunt, R., and Clapp, D., 2008, The influence of alewife year-class strength on prey selection and abundance of age-1 Chinook salmon in Lake Michigan: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 137, no. 6, p. 1683-1700, https://doi.org/10.1577/T07-130.1.","startPage":"1683","endPage":"1700","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213479,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T07-130.1"},{"id":241106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad0ee4b08c986b32394a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, D.M.","contributorId":40412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kiley, C.S.","contributorId":20985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiley","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Claramunt, R.M.","contributorId":38760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claramunt","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clapp, D.F.","contributorId":90544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031865,"text":"70031865 - 2008 - A satellite snow depth multi-year average derived from SSM/I for the high latitude regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70031865","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A satellite snow depth multi-year average derived from SSM/I for the high latitude regions","docAbstract":"The hydrological cycle for high latitude regions is inherently linked with the seasonal snowpack. Thus, accurately monitoring the snow depth and the associated aerial coverage are critical issues for monitoring the global climate system. Passive microwave satellite measurements provide an optimal means to monitor the snowpack over the arctic region. While the temporal evolution of snow extent can be observed globally from microwave radiometers, the determination of the corresponding snow depth is more difficult. A dynamic algorithm that accounts for the dependence of the microwave scattering on the snow grain size has been developed to estimate snow depth from Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) brightness temperatures and was validated over the U.S. Great Plains and Western Siberia. The purpose of this study is to assess the dynamic algorithm performance over the entire high latitude (land) region by computing a snow depth multi-year field for the time period 1987-1995. This multi-year average is compared to the Global Soil Wetness Project-Phase2 (GSWP2) snow depth computed from several state-of-the-art land surface schemes and averaged over the same time period. The multi-year average obtained by the dynamic algorithm is in good agreement with the GSWP2 snow depth field (the correlation coefficient for January is 0.55). The static algorithm, which assumes a constant snow grain size in space and time does not correlate with the GSWP2 snow depth field (the correlation coefficient with GSWP2 data for January is - 0.03), but exhibits a very high anti-correlation with the NCEP average January air temperature field (correlation coefficient - 0.77), the deepest satellite snow pack being located in the coldest regions, where the snow grain size may be significantly larger than the average value used in the static algorithm. The dynamic algorithm performs better over Eurasia (with a correlation coefficient with GSWP2 snow depth equal to 0.65) than over North America (where the correlation coefficient decreases to 0.29). ?? 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2007.12.002","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Biancamaria, S., Mognard, N.M., Boone, A., Grippa, M., and Josberger, E., 2008, A satellite snow depth multi-year average derived from SSM/I for the high latitude regions: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 112, no. 5, p. 2557-2568, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2007.12.002.","startPage":"2557","endPage":"2568","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476714,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.science/hal-00575478","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214955,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2007.12.002"},{"id":242717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e569e4b0c8380cd46d52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biancamaria, S.","contributorId":21338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biancamaria","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mognard, N. M.","contributorId":27612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mognard","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boone, A.","contributorId":38348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boone","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grippa, M.","contributorId":82098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grippa","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033085,"text":"70033085 - 2008 - An hydrothermal experimental study of the cobalt-cobalt oxide redox buffer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70033085","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An hydrothermal experimental study of the cobalt-cobalt oxide redox buffer","docAbstract":"Equilibrium aqueous hydrogen concentration and corresponding energies of reaction, ??Grxno(T, P), for the reaction Co(s) + H2O(l) = CoO(s) + H2(aq) have been determined at temperatures between 256 and 355 ??C and at 400 bar. Steady-state concentrations of hydrogen were approached in experiments under conditions of both H2 excess and deficiency containing the solids Co, CoO and liquid water. All experiments were carried out in flexible gold and titanium reactors with the capability of on-line fluid sampling. Measured equilibrium molal concentrations of H2(aq) at 256, 274, 300, 324 and 355 ??C are 0.81(?? 0.01) ?? 10- 3 1.11(?? 0.01) ?? 10- 3, 1.92(?? 0.01) ?? 10- 3, 3.71(?? 0.06) ?? 10- 3, 7.54(?? 0.12) ?? 10- 3, respectively, and corresponding values of ??Grxno(T, P) in units kJ ?? mol- 1 are 31.4(?? 0.1), 31.0(?? 0.1), 29.8(?? 0.1), 27.7(?? 0.5) and 25.5(?? 0.9), respectively. Using published heat capacity data for Co(s) and CoO(s) and - 79.6 J ?? mol- 1 ?? K- 1 for the entropy of formation of CoO we calculated for this study a value for ??GCoO,Tr,Pro = - 214.5(?? 0.9) kJ ?? mol- 1 and ??HCoO,Tr,Pro = - 238.3(?? 0.9) kJ ?? mol- 1 at 25 ??C and 1 bar. The value of ??HCoO,Tr,Pro determined in this study compares well with the reported calorimetric value of - 238.9(?? 1.2) kJ ?? mol- 1 [Boyle, B.J., King, E.G., Conway, K.C., 1954. Heats of formation of nickel and cobalt oxides (NiO and CoO) by combustion calorimetry. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 76, 3835-3837]. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.02.005","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Lemke, K., Rosenbauer, R., Bischoff, J.L., and Bird, D., 2008, An hydrothermal experimental study of the cobalt-cobalt oxide redox buffer: Chemical Geology, v. 252, no. 3-4, p. 136-144, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.02.005.","startPage":"136","endPage":"144","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213182,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.02.005"},{"id":240781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"252","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea6ce4b0c8380cd4885c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemke, K.H.","contributorId":28091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemke","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbauer, R.J.","contributorId":37320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bischoff, J. L.","contributorId":28969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bird, D.K.","contributorId":24934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032687,"text":"70032687 - 2008 - Evaluation of MODIS NDVI and NDWI for vegetation drought monitoring using Oklahoma Mesonet soil moisture data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T12:57:18","indexId":"70032687","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of MODIS NDVI and NDWI for vegetation drought monitoring using Oklahoma Mesonet soil moisture data","docAbstract":"The evaluation of the relationship between satellite-derived vegetation indices (normalized difference vegetation index and normalized difference water index) and soil moisture improves our understanding of how these indices respond to soil moisture fluctuations. Soil moisture deficits are ultimately tied to drought stress on plants. The diverse terrain and climate of Oklahoma, the extensive soil moisture network of the Oklahoma Mesonet, and satellite-derived indices from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) provided an opportunity to study correlations between soil moisture and vegetation indices over the 2002-2006 growing seasons. Results showed that the correlation between both indices and the fractional water index (FWI) was highly dependent on land cover heterogeneity and soil type. Sites surrounded by relatively homogeneous vegetation cover with silt loam soils had the highest correlation between the FWI and both vegetation-related indices (r???0.73), while sites with heterogeneous vegetation cover and loam soils had the lowest correlation (r???0.22). Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2008GL035772","usgsCitation":"Gu, Y., Hunt, E., Wardlow, B., Basara, J., Brown, J.F., and Verdin, J., 2008, Evaluation of MODIS NDVI and NDWI for vegetation drought monitoring using Oklahoma Mesonet soil moisture data: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 35, no. 22, p. 1-5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035772.","productDescription":"L22401: 5 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476805,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gl035772","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213733,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035772"}],"volume":"35","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c18e4b0c8380cd52a2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gu, Yingxin 0000-0002-3544-1856 ygu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3544-1856","contributorId":139586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"Yingxin","email":"ygu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, E.","contributorId":66926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wardlow, B.","contributorId":56863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wardlow","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12505,"text":"University of Nebraska - Lincoln","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Basara, J.B.","contributorId":49188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basara","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":3241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":437450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Verdin, J. P. 0000-0003-0238-9657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":33033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"J. 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Northerly surface winds are important for upwelling and a vast array of other biological, oceanic, and atmospheric processes. Intermittence in northerly coastal surface wind is characterized and wind events are quantitatively defined using coastal buoy data south of Cape Mendocino on the northern California coast. The defined wind events are then used as a basis for composites in order to explain the spatial evolution of various atmospheric and oceanic processes. Wind events involve large-scale changes in the three-dimensional atmospheric circulation including the eastern North Pacific subtropical anticyclone and southeast trade winds. Composites of QSCAT satellite scatterometer wind estimates from 1999 to 2005 based on a single coastal buoy indicate that wind events typically last 72-96 h and result in anomalies in surface wind and Ekman pumping that extend over 1000 kin from the west coast of North America. It may be useful to consider ocean circulation and dependent ecosystem dynamics and the distribution of temperature, moisture, and aerosols in the atmospheric boundary layer in the context of wind events defined herein. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006JD008053","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Taylor, S., Cayan, D., Graham, N., and Georgakakos, K., 2008, Northerly surface winds over the eastern North Pacific Ocean in spring and summer: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 113, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008053.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476804,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jd008053","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213570,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008053"},{"id":241207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6831e4b0c8380cd73675","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, S.V.","contributorId":90117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":440623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, N.E.","contributorId":68920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Georgakakos, K.P.","contributorId":59197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Georgakakos","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033392,"text":"70033392 - 2008 - Identification of spectral units on Phoebe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70033392","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of spectral units on Phoebe","docAbstract":"We apply a multivariate statistical method to the Phoebe spectra collected by the VIMS experiment onboard the Cassini spacecraft during the flyby of June 2004. The G-mode clustering method, which permits identification of the most important features in a spectrum, is used on a small subset of data, characterized by medium and high spatial resolution, to perform a raw spectral classification of the surface of Phoebe. The combination of statistics and comparative analysis of the different areas using both the VIMS and ISS data is explored in order to highlight possible correlations with the surface geology. In general, the results by Clark et al. [Clark, R.N., Brown, R.H., Jaumann, R., Cruikshank, D.P., Nelson, R.M., Buratti, B.J., McCord, T.B., Lunine, J., Hoefen, T., Curchin, J.M., Hansen, G., Hibbitts, K., Matz, K.-D., Baines, K.H., Bellucci, G., Bibring, J.-P., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Coradini, A., Formisano, V., Langevin, Y., Matson, D.L., Mennella, V., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B., Sotin, C., 2005. Nature 435, 66-69] are confirmed; but we also identify new signatures not reported before, such as the aliphatic CH stretch at 3.53 ??m and the ???4.4 ??m feature possibly related to cyanide compounds. On the basis of the band strengths computed for several absorption features and for the homogeneous spectral types isolated by the G-mode, a strong correlation of CO2 and aromatic hydrocarbons with exposed water ice, where the uniform layer covering Phoebe has been removed, is established. On the other hand, an anti-correlation of cyanide compounds with CO2 is suggested at a medium resolution scale. ?? 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2007.07.023","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Coradini, A., Tosi, F., Gavrishin, A., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Filacchione, G., Adriani, A., Brown, R.H., Bellucci, G., Formisano, V., D’Aversa, E., Lunine, J., Baines, K.H., Bibring, J., Buratti, B.J., Clark, R.N., Cruikshank, D.P., Combes, M., Drossart, P., Jaumann, R., Langevin, Y., Matson, D.L., McCord, T.B., Mennella, V., Nelson, R., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B., Sotin, C., Hedman, M., Hansen, G.B., Hibbitts, C.A., Showalter, M., Griffith, C., and Strazzulla, G., 2008, Identification of spectral units on Phoebe: Icarus, v. 193, no. 1, p. 233-251, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.07.023.","startPage":"233","endPage":"251","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476692,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.science/hal-00499081","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213597,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.07.023"},{"id":241241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"193","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a383de4b0c8380cd614c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coradini, A.","contributorId":34679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coradini","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tosi, F.","contributorId":9472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tosi","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34654,"text":"Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, INAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":440633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gavrishin, A.I.","contributorId":19785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gavrishin","given":"A.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Capaccioni, F.","contributorId":90900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capaccioni","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cerroni, P.","contributorId":7869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerroni","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Filacchione, G.","contributorId":48740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filacchione","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adriani, A.","contributorId":45124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adriani","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brown, R. 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A.","contributorId":21703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hibbitts","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Showalter, M.","contributorId":85753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Showalter","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Griffith, C.","contributorId":29190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Strazzulla, G.","contributorId":30458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strazzulla","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34}]}} ,{"id":70174206,"text":"70174206 - 2008 - Using climate information for fuels management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T13:31:37","indexId":"70174206","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-31T23:45:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5115,"text":"Climate Ecosystem Fire Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"CEFA Report 08-01","title":"Using climate information for fuels management","docAbstract":"Climate has come to the forefront of wildfire discussions in recent years as research contributes to the general understanding of how climate influences fuels availability to burn, the occurrence of severe fire weather conditions and other wildfire parameters. This understanding has crossed over into wildfire management applications through the creation of tools like climate forecasts for wildfire and drought indices, which are now widely used in wildfire suppression and mitigation planning. The overall question is how can climate information help fire managers meet management objectives? Climate underlies weather. For example, a number of days could be generally wet, but that may occur in the context of a two-year overall drought. Knowing the baseline climate is not only critical to preventing escaped prescribed fires, but also how it may affect fire behavior, fire effects and whether or not fire managers will meet their fuels management objectives. Thus, for fire managers to use prescribed and WFU fire safely and effectively, and to minimize the number of escaped fires and conversions to suppression, they need to understand how current climate conditions will impact the use of fire. One example is the need to use prescribed fire under set “burn windows”. Since meteorological conditions vary considerably from year to year for a given day, fire managers will be more successful in utilizing burn windows effectively if they understand those climate thresholds conducive to an increased number of safe burn windows, and are able to predict and take advantage of those burn windows. While climate and wildfire has been studied extensively, climate and fire use has not. The initial goal of this project was to assess how climate impacts prescribed fire use in a more general sense. After a preliminary informal survey in the spring of 2003, we determined that 1) there is insufficient data (less than 10 years) to conduct empirical correlative studies similar to those of the relationships between climate and wildfire (e.g., Swetnam and Betancourt 1990), and 2) prescribed fire policy has many regulations that potentially inhibited the use of climate information for decision-making. It was also determined that because fire use is a human decision, it would be more informative to ask fire managers themselves how climate impacts fire use through their decision-making processes, and whether or not they use climate information for prescribed fire. The first task for this project was to complete a regional survey of prescribed fire managers in California and Nevada. During the second phase of the project, additional prescribed fire managers were surveyed across the country. During the third year a second survey of WFU managers was completed. The goals of these inquiries were to determine: 1) If fire managers use climate information for fuels management; 2) The perspective fire managers have towards climate affecting fuels management; 3) Determine any obstacles that make it difficult to use climate information for fuels management; and 4) Determine climate information managers need to help them make better decisions for fire use.
","language":"English","publisher":"Desert Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Reno, NV","usgsCitation":"Kolden, C.A., and Brown, T.J., 2008, Using climate information for fuels management: Climate Ecosystem Fire Applications CEFA Report 08-01, 53 p.","productDescription":"53 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324627,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f30be4b07dd077c6ae3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolden, Crystal A.","contributorId":98610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolden","given":"Crystal","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Timothy J.","contributorId":172571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80245,"text":"ds265 - 2008 - Time-series photographs of the sea floor in western Massachusetts Bay, version 2, 1989 - 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T14:30:34.620511","indexId":"ds265","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"265","title":"Time-series photographs of the sea floor in western Massachusetts Bay, version 2, 1989 - 1996","docAbstract":"Time-series photographs of the sea floor were obtained from an instrumented tripod deployed in western Massachusetts Bay at LT-A (42° 22.6' N, 70° 47.0' W; nominal water depth of 32 m; fig. 1) from December 1989 through September 2005. The photographs provide time-series observations of physical changes of the sea floor, near-bottom water turbidity, and life on the sea floor. Several reports present these photographs in digital form (table 1). This report, U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 265, Version 2.0, contains the photographs obtained from December 1989 to October 1996, adding to (and replacing) Version 1 of Data Series 265 (Butman and others, 2007a) that contained photographs from 1989 through 1993. Data Series 266 (Butman and others, 2008b) contains photographs obtained from October 1996 through September 2005. The photographs are published in separate reports because the data files are too large for distribution on a single DVD. These reports present the photographs, originally collected on 35-mm film, in digital form to enable easy viewing and to provide a medium-resolution digital archive. The photographs, obtained every 4 or every 6 hours, are presented as individual photographs (in .png format) and as a movie (in .avi format).
The time-series photographs taken at LT-A were collected as part of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) study to understand the transport and fate of sediments and associated contaminants in Massachusetts Bay and Cape Cod Bay (Bothner and Butman, 2007). This long-term study was carried out by the USGS in partnership with the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA) (https://www.mwra.state.ma.us/) and with logistical support from the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG). Long-term oceanographic observations help to identify the processes causing bottom sediment resuspension and transport and provide data for developing and testing numerical models. The observations document seasonal and interannual changes in currents, hydrography, suspended-matter concentration, and the importance of infrequent catastrophic events, such as major storms, in sediment resuspension and transport. LT-A is approximately 1 km south of the ocean outfall that began discharging treated sewage effluent from the Boston metropolitan area into Massachusetts Bay in September 2000. See Butman and others (2004d) for a description of the oceanographic measurements at LT-A, and Butman and others (2007c) and Warner and others (2008) for discussion of sediment transport in Massachusetts Bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds265","isbn":"9781411319790","usgsCitation":"Butman, B., Dalyander, P., Bothner, M., and Lange, W.N., 2008, Time-series photographs of the sea floor in western Massachusetts Bay, version 2, 1989 - 1996 (Version 2.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 265, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds265.","productDescription":"HTML Document","temporalStart":"1989-01-01","temporalEnd":"1993-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-004260","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192221,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds265.png"},{"id":292758,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/pubs/ds-265V2/WEBPAGES/intro.html"},{"id":10954,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/pubs/ds-265V2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":395731,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81624.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Massachusetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.7847,\n 42.3750\n ],\n [\n -70.7819,\n 42.3750\n ],\n [\n -70.7819,\n 42.3778\n ],\n [\n -70.7847,\n 42.3778\n ],\n [\n -70.7847,\n 42.3750\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 2.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af1e4b07f02db6917b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butman, Bradford 0000-0002-4174-2073 bbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-2073","contributorId":943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"Bradford","email":"bbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dalyander, P. Soupy 0000-0001-9583-0872","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9583-0872","contributorId":65177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalyander","given":"P. Soupy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lange, William N.","contributorId":42306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lange","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80043,"text":"twri09A6.0 - 2008 - Chapter A6. Section 6.0. General information and guidelines for field-measured water-quality properties","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":80043,"text":"twri09A6.0 - 2008 - Chapter A6. Section 6.0. General information and guidelines for field-measured water-quality properties","indexId":"twri09A6.0","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"Chapter A6. Section 6.0. General Information and Guidelines for Field-Measured Water-Quality Properties","title":"Chapter A6. Section 6.0. 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Newly published and revised chapters will be announced on the USGS Home Page on the World Wide Web under 'New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey.'
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U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Email: nfm@usgs.gov
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