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The first National Lidar Initiative meeting was held on February 14-16, 2007 at the USGS National Center in Reston, Virginia. This meeting was a successor to a meeting held September 12, 2006 of several agencies, including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Association of American State Geologists (AASG), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). During the 2006 discussion, the USGS presented a plan to organize a meeting to discuss the feasibility and strategy of a National Lidar Initiative. Originally scheduled as a workshop to be held in June, 2007, the meeting was moved up to February to accommodate the desire of AASG to have talking points available at their Annual Meeting in March, 2007. The original workshop was recast as a meeting of representatives from Federal, State, and local government, and from private industry, to formulate a national initiative with the goal of collecting high resolution, high accuracy light detection and ranging (lidar) data for all 50 states.

\n
\n

The goals of the National Lidar Initiative meeting were to:

\n

1) Identify government staff with all scales of applications who are willing to help devise a potential national strategy and communicate the initiative throughout the lidar community.

\n

2) Identify points of contact for future meetings, information exchanges, and design teams. \n

3) Compose a document explaining the need of a consistent national lidar dataset.

\n

4) Identify champions of this idea who would be willing to work toward funding this effort.

\n
\n

This report is intended to summarize the views expressed by the invited speakers and the participant's discussions on a National Lidar Initiative. It is not intended to be a comprehensive document on the technical aspects of lidar, what lidar can be used for, or the state of the art in lidar technology, although many of these aspects do come through in the views of the presenters.

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R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmoker, James W.","contributorId":52171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoker","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R. charpentier@usgs.gov","contributorId":934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","email":"charpentier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70043079,"text":"pp17136 - 2007 - Middle Tertiary stratigraphic sequences of the San Joaquin Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-28T21:39:21.169864","indexId":"pp17136","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1713-6","title":"Middle Tertiary stratigraphic sequences of the San Joaquin Basin, California","docAbstract":"An integrated database of outcrop studies, borehole logs, and seismic-reflection profiles is used to divide Eocene through Miocene strata of the central and southern San Joaquin Basin, California, into a framework of nine stratigraphic sequences. These third- and higher-order sequences (<3 m.y. duration) comprise the principal intervals for petroleum assessment for the basin, including key reservoir and source rock intervals. Important characteristics of each sequence are discussed, including distribution and stratigraphic relationships, sedimentary facies, regional correlation, and age relations. This higher-order stratigraphic packaging represents relatively short-term fluctuations in various forcing factors including climatic effects, changes in sediment supply, local and regional tectonism, and fluctuations in global eustatic sea level. These stratigraphic packages occur within the context of second-order stratigraphic megasequences, which mainly reflect long-term tectonic basin evolution. Despite more than a century of petroleum exploration in the San Joaquin Basin, many uncertainties remain regarding the age, correlation, and origin of the third- and higher-order sequences. Nevertheless, a sequence stratigraphic approach allows definition of key intervals based on genetic affinity rather than purely lithostratigraphic relationships, and thus is useful for reconstructing the multiphase history of this basin, as well as understanding its petroleum systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California (PP 1713)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp17136","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.L., and Graham, S.A., 2007, Middle Tertiary stratigraphic sequences of the San Joaquin Basin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1713-6, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp17136.","productDescription":"18 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266945,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1713/06/pp1713_ch06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":266946,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1713_6.jpg"},{"id":266944,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1713/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":463256,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_82228.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.75,34.75 ], [ -121.75,38.0 ], [ -118.75,38.0 ], [ -118.75,34.75 ], [ -121.75,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","publicComments":"This report is Chapter 6 in Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California. Please see Professional Paper 1713 for other chapters.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5110e695e4b0361176563926","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Cari L.","contributorId":75040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Cari","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, Stephan A.","contributorId":45902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Stephan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000572,"text":"70000572 - 2007 - Testing global positioning system telemetry to study wolf predation on deer fawns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T09:27:09","indexId":"70000572","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:30","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing global positioning system telemetry to study wolf predation on deer fawns","docAbstract":"We conducted a pilot study to test the usefulness of Global Positioning System (GPS) collars for investigating wolf (Canis lupus) predation on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns. Using GPS collars with short location-attempt intervals on 5 wolves and 5 deer during summers 2002-2004 in northeastern Minnesota, USA, demonstrated how this approach could provide new insights into wolf hunting behavior of fawns. For example, a wolf traveled ???1.5-3.0 km and spent 20-22 hours in the immediate vicinity of known fawn kill sites and ???0.7 km and 8.3 hours at scavenging sites. Wolf travel paths indicated that wolves intentionally traveled into deer summer ranges, traveled ???0.7-4.2 km in such ranges, and spent <1-22 hours per visit. Each pair of 3 GPS-collared wolf pack members were located together for ???6% of potential locations. From GPS collar data, we estimated that each deer summer range in a pack territory containing 5 wolves ???1 year old and hunting individually would be visited by a wolf on average every 3-5 days. This approach holds great potential for investigating summer hunting behavior of wolves in areas where direct observation is impractical or impossible.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2006-382","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Demma, D.J., Barber-Meyer, S., and Mech, L., 2007, Testing global positioning system telemetry to study wolf predation on deer fawns: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 8, p. 2767-2775, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-382.","startPage":"2767","endPage":"2775","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18955,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2006-382"}],"volume":"71","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684a71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demma, D. J.","contributorId":20878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demma","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber-Meyer, S. M. 0000-0002-3048-2616","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3048-2616","contributorId":98021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber-Meyer","given":"S. M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":346340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000585,"text":"70000585 - 2007 - Evaluation of harmonic direction-finding systems for detecting locomotor activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000585","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:29","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of harmonic direction-finding systems for detecting locomotor activity","docAbstract":"We conducted a physical simulation experiment to test the efficacy of harmonic direction finding for remotely detecting locomotor activity in animals. The ability to remotely detect movement helps to avoid disturbing natural movement behavior. Remote detection implies that the observer can sense only a change in signal bearing. In our simulated movements, small changes in bearing (<5.7??) were routinely undetectable. Detectability improved progressively with the size of the simulated animal movement. The average (??SD) of reflector tag movements correctly detected for 5 observers was 93.9 ?? 12.8% when the tag was moved ???11.5??; most observers correctly detected tag movements ???20.1??. Given our data, one can assess whether the technique will be effective for detecting movements at an observation distance appropriate for the study organism. We recommend that both habitat and behavior of the organism be taken into consideration when contemplating use of this technique for detecting locomotion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2006-396","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Boyarski, V., Rodda, G., and Savidge, J.A., 2007, Evaluation of harmonic direction-finding systems for detecting locomotor activity: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 5, p. 1704-1707, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-396.","startPage":"1704","endPage":"1707","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18968,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2006-396"}],"volume":"71","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5facd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyarski, V.L.","contributorId":31508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyarski","given":"V.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savidge, J. A.","contributorId":36078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savidge","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000580,"text":"70000580 - 2007 - Activity budgets derived from time-depth recorders in a diving mammal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-13T12:15:09","indexId":"70000580","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:28","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Activity budgets derived from time-depth recorders in a diving mammal","docAbstract":"

We describe a method to convert continuously collected time–depth data from archival time–depth recorders (TDRs) into activity budgets for a benthic-foraging marine mammal. We used data from 14 TDRs to estimate activity-specific time budgets in sea otters (Enhydra lutris) residing near Cross Sound, southeast Alaska, USA. From the TDRs we constructed a continuous record of behavior for each individual over 39–46 days during summer of 1999. Behaviors were classified as foraging (diving to the bottom), other diving (traveling, grooming, interacting), and nondiving (assumed resting). The overall average activity budget (proportion of 24-hr/d) was 0.37 foraging (8.9 hr/d), 0.11 in other diving (2.6 hr/d), and 0.52 nondiving time (12.5 hr/d). We detected significant differences in activity budgets among individuals and between groups within our sample. Historically, the sea otter population in our study area had been expanding and sequentially reoccupying vacant habitat since their reintroduction to the area in the 1960s, and our study animals resided in 2 adjacent yet distinct locations. Males (n = 5) and individuals residing in recently occupied habitat (n = 4) spent 0.28–0.30 of their time foraging (6.7–7.2 hr/d), 0.17–0.18 of their time in other diving behaviors (4.1–4.3 hr/d), and 0.53–0.54 of their time resting (12.7–13.0 hr/d). In contrast, females (n = 9) and individuals residing in longer occupied habitat (n = 10) spent 0.40 of their time foraging (9.6 hr/d), 0.08–0.09 of their time in other diving behaviors (1.9–2.2 hr/d), and 0.51–0.52 of their time resting (12.2–12.5 hr/d). Consistent with these differences, sea otters residing in more recently occupied habitat captured more and larger clams (Saxidomus spp., Protothaca spp., Macoma spp., Mya spp.,Clinocardium spp.) and other prey, and intertidal clams were more abundant and larger in this area. We found that TDRs provided data useful for measuring activity time budgets and behavior patterns in a diving mammal over long and continuous time periods. Fortuitous contrasts in time budgets between areas where our study animals resided suggest that activity time budgets estimated from TDRs may be a sensitive indicator of population status, particularly in relation to prey availability.

","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/2006-258","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Monson, D., and Esslinger, G.G., 2007, Activity budgets derived from time-depth recorders in a diving mammal: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 6, p. 2034-2044, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-258.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2034","endPage":"2044","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699cdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":346360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":346361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esslinger, George G. 0000-0002-3459-0083 gesslinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-0083","contributorId":131009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esslinger","given":"George","email":"gesslinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":346362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000583,"text":"70000583 - 2007 - Effectiveness of scat detection dogs for detecting forest carnivores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000583","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:27","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effectiveness of scat detection dogs for detecting forest carnivores","docAbstract":"We assessed the detection and accuracy rates of detection dogs trained to locate scats from free-ranging black bears (Ursus americanus), fishers (Martes pennanti), and bobcats (Lynx rufus). During the summers of 2003-2004, 5 detection teams located 1,565 scats (747 putative black bear, 665 putative fisher, and 153 putative bobcat) at 168 survey sites throughout Vermont, USA. Of 347 scats genetically analyzed for species identification, 179 (51.6%) yielded a positive identification, 131 (37.8%) failed to yield DNA information, and 37 (10.7%) yielded DNA but provided no species confirmation. For 70 survey sites where confirmation of a putative target species' scat was not possible, we assessed the probability that ???1 of the scats collected at the site was deposited by the target species (probability of correct identification; P ID). Based on species confirmations or PID values, we detected bears at 57.1% (96) of sites, fishers at 61.3% (103) of sites, and bobcats at 12.5%o (21) of sites. We estimated that the mean probability of detecting the target species (when present) during a single visit to a site was 0.86 for black bears, 0.95 for fishers, and 0.40 for bobcats. The probability of detecting black bears was largely unaffected by site- or visit-specific covariates, but the probability of detecting fishers varied by detection team. We found little or no effect of topographic ruggedness, vegetation density, or local weather (e.g., temp, humidity) on detection probability for fishers or black bears (data were insufficient for bobcat analyses). Detection dogs were highly effective at locating scats from forest carnivores and provided an efficient and accurate method for collecting detection-nondetection data on multiple species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2006-230","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Long, R.A., Donovan, T., MacKay, P., Zielinski, W.J., and Buzas, J.S., 2007, Effectiveness of scat detection dogs for detecting forest carnivores: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 6, p. 2007-2017, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-230.","startPage":"2007","endPage":"2017","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18966,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2006-230"}],"volume":"71","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688ce8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Robert A.","contributorId":11732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13253,"text":"University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":346372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donovan, T.M.","contributorId":91602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacKay, Paula","contributorId":37042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacKay","given":"Paula","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13253,"text":"University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":346374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zielinski, William J.","contributorId":35440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zielinski","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buzas, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":86080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buzas","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70000576,"text":"70000576 - 2007 - Evaluating detection probabilities for American marten in the Black Hills, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-12T16:10:29","indexId":"70000576","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:27","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating detection probabilities for American marten in the Black Hills, South Dakota","docAbstract":"Assessing the effectiveness of monitoring techniques designed to determine presence of forest carnivores, such as American marten (Martes americana), is crucial for validation of survey results. Although comparisons between techniques have been made, little attention has been paid to the issue of detection probabilities (p). Thus, the underlying assumption has been that detection probabilities equal 1.0. We used presence-absence data obtained from a track-plate survey in conjunction with results from a saturation-trapping study to derive detection probabilities when marten occurred at high (>2 marten/10.2 km2) and low (???1 marten/10.2 km2) densities within 8 10.2-km2 quadrats. Estimated probability of detecting marten in high-density quadrats was p = 0.952 (SE = 0.047), whereas the detection probability for low-density quadrats was considerably lower (p = 0.333, SE = 0.136). Our results indicated that failure to account for imperfect detection could lead to an underestimation of marten presence in 15-52% of low-density quadrats in the Black Hills, South Dakota, USA. We recommend that repeated site-survey data be analyzed to assess detection probabilities when documenting carnivore survey results.","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/2007-091","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Smith, J.B., Jenks, J., and Klaver, R.W., 2007, Evaluating detection probabilities for American marten in the Black Hills, South Dakota: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 7, p. 2412-2416, https://doi.org/10.2193/2007-091.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2412","endPage":"2416","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18959,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2007-091"}],"volume":"71","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb0b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Joshua B.","contributorId":71883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenks, Jonathan A.","contributorId":51591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenks","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":346349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000584,"text":"70000584 - 2007 - Denning chronology and design of effective bear management units","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000584","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:27","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denning chronology and design of effective bear management units","docAbstract":"Reports on the effectiveness of using late fall hunting seasons to reduce the proportion of female black bears (Ursus americanus) in the harvest are limited, and the geographic scale over which the technique functions as intended has not been examined. During 1992-2000, we radio-equipped black bears in New Mexico, USA, obtained estimates of 175 den entry and 137 den emergence dates, and used New Mexico Department of Game and Fish harvest data (1985-2000) to test for differences in proportion of females in the harvest relative to denning chronology. Bears in northern New Mexico entered dens earlier and emerged later than bears in southern New Mexico (P ??? 0.001). In northern New Mexico bears displayed the typical pattern of earlier entry and later emergence by reproductive females, proportion of females in the harvest varied over time as expected, and late fall seasons were effective (P ??? 0.10). In contrast, denning chronology did not differ by sex in southern New Mexico, proportion of females in the harvest did not change over time, and late fall seasons were not effective (P ??? 0.18). Manipulation of hunting season dates to influence female mortality can be an effective tool, however our study provides an example of an area where denning chronology did not differ by sex and late seasons were not effective. We also observed regional differences in timing of entrance and emergence, which suggest that scale of application may be key. In management jurisdictions that encompass ecologically distinct areas, cover a wide range of latitudes, or are mountainous, successful use of the technique may depend on knowledge of denning chronology at multiple locations and appropriate designation of hunting unit boundaries, season dates, and data analysis units.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2006-252","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Inman, R., Costello, C., Jones, D., Inman, K., Thompson, B., and Quigley, H., 2007, Denning chronology and design of effective bear management units: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 5, p. 1476-1483, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-252.","startPage":"1476","endPage":"1483","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18967,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2006-252"}],"volume":"71","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688d12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Inman, R.M.","contributorId":79213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inman","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Costello, C.M.","contributorId":104607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costello","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, D.E.","contributorId":29938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Inman, K.H.","contributorId":38693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inman","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, B.C.","contributorId":102433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Quigley, H.B.","contributorId":15325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quigley","given":"H.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70000589,"text":"70000589 - 2007 - Identifying sites for elk restoration in Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-13T12:33:20","indexId":"70000589","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:27","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying sites for elk restoration in Arkansas","docAbstract":"

We used spatial data to identify potential areas for elk (Cervus elaphus) restoration in Arkansas. To assess habitat, we used locations of 239 elk groups collected from helicopter surveys in the Buffalo National River area of northwestern Arkansas, USA, from 1992 to 2002. We calculated the Mahalanobis distance (D2) statistic based on the relationship between those elk-group locations and a suite of 9 landscape variables to evaluate winter habitat in Arkansas. We tested model performance in the Buffalo National River area by comparing the D2 values of pixels representing areas with and without elk pellets along 19 fixed-width transects surveyed in March 2002. Pixels with elk scat had lower D2 values than pixels in which we found no pellets (logistic regression: Wald χ2 = 24.37, P < 0.001), indicating that habitat characteristics were similar to those selected by the aerially surveyed elk. Our D2 model indicated that the best elk habitat primarily occurred in northern and western Arkansas and was associated with areas of high landscape heterogeneity, heavy forest cover, gently sloping ridge tops and valleys, low human population density, and low road densities. To assess the potential for elk–human conflicts in Arkansas, we used the analytical hierarchy process to rank the importance of 8 criteria based on expert opinion from biologists involved in elk management. The biologists ranked availability of forage on public lands as having the strongest influence on the potential for elk–human conflict (33%), followed by human population growth rate (22%) and the amount of private land in row crops (18%). We then applied those rankings in a weighted linear summation to map the relative potential for elk–human conflict. Finally, we used white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) densities to identify areas where success of elk restoration may be hampered due to meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) transmission. By combining results of the 3 spatial data layers (i.e., habitat model, elk–human conflict model, deer density), our model indicated that restoration sites located in west-central and north-central Arkansas were most favorable for reintroduction.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/2005-673","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Telesco, R., Van Manen, F., Clark, J.D., and Cartwright, M.E., 2007, Identifying sites for elk restoration in Arkansas: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 5, p. 1393-1403, https://doi.org/10.2193/2005-673.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1393","endPage":"1403","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203456,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Buffalo National River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.40370178222655,\n 35.91630351831702\n 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Manen","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, J. D.","contributorId":85911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cartwright, Michael E.","contributorId":55566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartwright","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000581,"text":"70000581 - 2007 - Use of the Beaufort Sea by king eiders breeding on the North Slope of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000581","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of the Beaufort Sea by king eiders breeding on the North Slope of Alaska","docAbstract":"We estimated areas used by king eiders (Somateria spectabilis) in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea, how distributions of used areas varied, and characteristics that explained variation in the number of days spent at sea, to provide regulatory agencies with baseline data needed to minimize impacts of potential offshore oil development. We implanted sixty king eiders with satellite transmitters at nesting areas on the North Slope of Alaska, USA, in 2002-2004. More than 80% of marked eiders spent >2 weeks staging offshore prior to beginning a postbreeding molt migration. During postbreeding staging and migration, male king eiders had much broader distributions in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea than female eiders, which were concentrated in Harrison and Smith Bays. Distribution did not vary by sex during spring migration in the year after marking. Shorter residence times of eiders and deeper water at locations used during spring migration suggest the Alaskan Beaufort Sea might not be as critical a staging area for king eiders during prebreeding as it is postbreeding. Residence time in the Beaufort Sea varied by sex, with female king eiders spending more days at sea than males in spring and during postbreeding. We conclude the Alaskan Beaufort Sea is an important staging area for king eiders during postbreeding, and eider distribution should be considered by managers when mitigating for future offshore development. We recommend future studies examine the importance of spring staging areas outside the Alaskan Beaufort Sea.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2005-636","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Phillips, L.M., Powell, A., Taylor, E., and Rexstad, E., 2007, Use of the Beaufort Sea by king eiders breeding on the North Slope of Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 6, p. 1892-1898, https://doi.org/10.2193/2005-636.","startPage":"1892","endPage":"1898","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18964,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2005-636"}],"volume":"71","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604302","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Laura M.","contributorId":49497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phillips","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":346365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, A.N.","contributorId":66194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, E.J.","contributorId":9752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rexstad, E.A.","contributorId":47063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rexstad","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5221636,"text":"5221636 - 2007 - A Bayesian state-space formulation of dynamic occupancy models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-25T11:54:44.678155","indexId":"5221636","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Bayesian state-space formulation of dynamic occupancy models","docAbstract":"Species occurrence and its dynamic components, extinction and colonization probabilities, are focal quantities in biogeography and metapopulation biology, and for species conservation assessments. It has been increasingly appreciated that these parameters must be estimated separately from detection probability to avoid the biases induced by nondetection error. Hence, there is now considerable theoretical and practical interest in dynamic occupancy models that contain explicit representations of metapopulation dynamics such as extinction, colonization, and turnover as well as growth rates. We describe a hierarchical parameterization of these models that is analogous to the state-space formulation of models in time series, where the model is represented by two components, one for the partially observable occupancy process and another for the observations conditional on that process. This parameterization naturally allows estimation of all parameters of the conventional approach to occupancy models, but in addition, yields great flexibility and extensibility, e.g., to modeling heterogeneity or latent structure in model parameters. We also highlight the important distinction between population and finite sample inference; the latter yields much more precise estimates for the particular sample at hand. Finite sample estimates can easily be obtained using the state-space representation of the model but are difficult to obtain under the conventional approach of likelihood-based estimation. We use R and Win BUGS to apply the model to two examples. In a standard analysis for the European Crossbill in a large Swiss monitoring program, we fit a model with year-specific parameters. Estimates of the dynamic parameters varied greatly among years, highlighting the irruptive population dynamics of that species. In the second example, we analyze route occupancy of Cerulean Warblers in the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) using a model allowing for site-specific heterogeneity in model parameters. The results indicate relatively low turnover and a stable distribution of Cerulean Warblers which is in contrast to analyses of counts of individuals from the same survey that indicate important declines. This discrepancy illustrates the inertia in occupancy relative to actual abundance. Furthermore, the model reveals a declining patch survival probability, and increasing turnover, toward the edge of the range of the species, which is consistent with metapopulation perspectives on the genesis of range edges. Given detection/non-detection data, dynamic occupancy models as described here have considerable potential for the study of distributions and range dynamics.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/06-0669.1","usgsCitation":"Royle, J., and Kery, M., 2007, A Bayesian state-space formulation of dynamic occupancy models: Ecology, v. 88, no. 7, p. 1813-1823, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-0669.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1813","endPage":"1823","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b426f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kery, M.","contributorId":46637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kery","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221151,"text":"5221151 - 2007 - Hierarchical spatial models of abundance and occurrence from imperfect survey data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-25T11:55:12.355905","indexId":"5221151","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical spatial models of abundance and occurrence from imperfect survey data","docAbstract":"Many estimation and inference problems arising from large-scale animal surveys are focused on developing an understanding of patterns in abundance or occurrence of a species based on spatially referenced count data. One fundamental challenge, then, is that it is generally not feasible to completely enumerate ('census') all individuals present in each sample unit. This observation bias may consist of several components, including spatial coverage bias (not all individuals in the Population are exposed to sampling) and detection bias (exposed individuals may go undetected). Thus, observations are biased for the state variable (abundance, occupancy) that is the object of inference. Moreover, data are often sparse for most observation locations, requiring consideration of methods for spatially aggregating or otherwise combining sparse data among sample units. The development of methods that unify spatial statistical models with models accommodating non-detection is necessary to resolve important spatial inference problems based on animal survey data. In this paper, we develop a novel hierarchical spatial model for estimation of abundance and occurrence from survey data wherein detection is imperfect. Our application is focused on spatial inference problems in the Swiss Survey of Common Breeding Birds. The observation model for the survey data is specified conditional on the unknown quadrat population size, N(s). We augment the observation model with a spatial process model for N(s), describing the spatial variation in abundance of the species. The model includes explicit sources of variation in habitat structure (forest, elevation) and latent variation in the form of a correlated spatial process. This provides a model-based framework for combining the spatially referenced samples while at the same time yielding a unified treatment of estimation problems involving both abundance and occurrence. We provide a Bayesian framework for analysis and prediction based on the integrated likelihood, and we use the model to obtain estimates of abundance and occurrence maps for the European Jay (Garrulus glandarius), a widespread, elusive, forest bird. The naive national abundance estimate ignoring imperfect detection and incomplete quadrat coverage was 77 766 territories. Accounting for imperfect detection added approximately 18 000 territories, and adjusting for coverage bias added another 131 000 territories to yield a fully corrected estimate of the national total of about 227 000 territories. This is approximately three times as high as previous estimates that assume every territory is detected in each quadrat.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/06-0912.1","usgsCitation":"Royle, J., Kery, M., Gautier, R., and Schmid, H., 2007, Hierarchical spatial models of abundance and occurrence from imperfect survey data: Ecological Monographs, v. 77, no. 3, p. 465-481, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-0912.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"465","endPage":"481","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8794","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kery, M.","contributorId":46637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kery","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gautier, R.","contributorId":91950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gautier","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmid, Hans","contributorId":19648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmid","given":"Hans","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224811,"text":"5224811 - 2007 - Survival of timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) estimated by capture-recapture models in relation to age, sex, color morph, time, and birthplace","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-16T10:24:48","indexId":"5224811","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) estimated by capture-recapture models in relation to age, sex, color morph, time, and birthplace","docAbstract":"

Juvenile survival is one of the least known elements of the life history of many species, in particular snakes. We conducted a mark–recapture study of Crotalus horridus from 1978–2002 in northeastern New York near the northern limits of the species' range. We marked 588 neonates and estimated annual age-, sex-, and morph-specific recapture and survival rates using the Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) model. Wild-caught neonates (field-born, n  =  407) and neonates produced by captive-held gravid females (lab-born, n  =  181) allowed comparison of the birthplace, or lab treatment effect, in estimated survival. Recapture rates declined from about 10–20% over time while increasing from young to older age classes. Estimated survival rates (S ± 1 SE) in the first year were significantly higher among field-born (black morph: S  =  0.773 ± 0.203; yellow morph: S  =  0.531 ± 0.104) than among lab-born snakes (black morph: S  =  0.411 ± 0.131; yellow morph: S  =  0.301 ± 0.081). Lower birth weights combined with a lack of field exposure until release apparently contributed to the lower survival rate of lab-born snakes. Subsequent survival estimates for 2–4-yr-old snakes were S  =  0.845 ± 0.084 for the black morph and S  =  0.999 (SE not available) for the yellow morph, and for ≥5-yr-old snakes S  =  0.958 ± 0.039 (black morph) and S  =  0.822 ± 0.034 (yellow morph). The most parsimonious model overall contained an independent time trend for survival of each age, morph, and lab-treatment group. For snakes of the first two age groups (ages 1 yr and 2–4 yr), survival tended to decline over the years for both morphs, while for adult snakes (5 yr and older), survival was constant or even slightly increased. Our data on survival and recapture are among the first rigorous estimates of these parameters in a rattlesnake and among the few yet available for any viperid snake. These data are useful for analyses of the life-history strategy, population dynamics, and conservation of this long-lived snake.

","language":"English","publisher":"The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/0045-8511(2007)2007[656:SOTRCH]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Brown, W.S., Kery, M., and Hines, J., 2007, Survival of timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) estimated by capture-recapture models in relation to age, sex, color morph, time, and birthplace: Copeia, v. 3, p. 656-671, https://doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2007)2007[656:SOTRCH]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"656","endPage":"671","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68812a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, W. S.","contributorId":14466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kery, M.","contributorId":46637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kery","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224814,"text":"5224814 - 2007 - Calculating background levels for ecological risk parameters in toxic harbor sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-11T16:55:31.611322","indexId":"5224814","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3422,"text":"Soil and Sediment Contamination","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calculating background levels for ecological risk parameters in toxic harbor sediment","docAbstract":"Establishing background levels for biological parameters is necessary in assessing the ecological risks from harbor sediment contaminated with toxic chemicals. For chemicals in sediment, the term contaminated is defined as having concentrations above background and significant human health or ecological risk levels. For biological parameters, a site could be considered contaminated if levels of the parameter are either more or less than the background level, depending on the specific parameter. Biological parameters can include tissue chemical concentrations in ecological receptors, bioassay responses, bioaccumulation levels, and benthic community metrics. Chemical parameters can include sediment concentrations of a variety of potentially toxic chemicals. Indirectly, contaminated harbor sediment can impact shellfish, fish, birds, and marine mammals, and human populations. This paper summarizes the methods used to define background levels for chemical and biological parameters from a survey of ecological risk investigations of marine harbor sediment at California Navy bases. Background levels for regional biological indices used to quantify ecological risks for benthic communities are also described. Generally, background stations are positioned in relatively clean areas exhibiting the same physical and general chemical characteristics as nearby areas with contaminated harbor sediment. The number of background stations and the number of sample replicates per background station depend on the statistical design of the sediment ecological risk investigation, developed through the data quality objective (DQO) process. Biological data from the background stations can be compared to data from a contaminated site by using minimum or maximum background levels or comparative statistics. In Navy ecological risk assessments (ERA's), calculated background levels and appropriate ecological risk screening criteria are used to identify sampling stations and sites with contaminated sediments.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.1080/15320380701490150","usgsCitation":"Leadon, C., McDonnell, T., Lear, J., and Barclift, D., 2007, Calculating background levels for ecological risk parameters in toxic harbor sediment: Soil and Sediment Contamination, v. 16, no. 5, p. 433-450, https://doi.org/10.1080/15320380701490150.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"433","endPage":"450","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.21142578125,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -124.47509765625,\n 40.49709237269567\n ],\n [\n -123.79394531249999,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -122.49755859375,\n 37.10776507118514\n ],\n [\n -120.4541015625,\n 34.470335121217474\n ],\n [\n -118.32275390624999,\n 33.779147331286474\n ],\n [\n -117.24609374999999,\n 32.58384932565662\n ],\n [\n -114.6533203125,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -114.5654296875,\n 32.93492866908233\n ],\n [\n -114.697265625,\n 33.15594830078649\n ],\n [\n -114.521484375,\n 33.97980872872457\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 34.252676117101515\n ],\n [\n -114.43359375,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n -120.05859375,\n 39.07890809706475\n ],\n [\n -119.99267578124999,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -124.21142578125,\n 42.01665183556825\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db545686","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leadon, C.J.","contributorId":10522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leadon","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonnell, T.R.","contributorId":7396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonnell","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lear, J.","contributorId":82426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lear","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barclift, D.","contributorId":8968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barclift","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224835,"text":"5224835 - 2007 - How many tigers Panthera tigris are there in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand? An estimate using photographic capture-recapture sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-07T17:55:28.418241","indexId":"5224835","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2968,"text":"Oryx","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"How many tigers Panthera tigris are there in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand? An estimate using photographic capture-recapture sampling","title":"How many tigers Panthera tigris are there in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand? An estimate using photographic capture-recapture sampling","docAbstract":"

We used capture-recapture analyses to estimate the density of a tiger Panthera tigris population in the tropical forests of Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand, from photographic capture histories of 15 distinct individuals. The closure test results (z = 0.39, P = 0.65) provided some evidence in support of the demographic closure assumption. Fit of eight plausible closed models to the data indicated more support for model Mh, which incorporates individual heterogeneity in capture probabilities. This model generated an average capture probability \"\" = 0.42 and an abundance estimate of \"\" = 19 (9.65) tigers. The sampled area of \"\" = 477.2 (58.24) km2 yielded a density estimate of \"\" = 3.98 (0.51) tigers per 100 km2. Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary could therefore hold 113 tigers and the entire Western Forest Complex c. 720 tigers. Although based on field protocols that constrained us to use sub-optimal analyses, this estimated tiger density is comparable to tiger densities in Indian reserves that support moderate prey abundances. However, tiger densities in well-protected Indian reserves with high prey abundances are three times higher. If given adequate protection we believe that the Western Forest Complex of Thailand could potentially harbour >2,000 wild tigers, highlighting its importance for global tiger conservation. The monitoring approaches we recommend here would be useful for managing this tiger population.

","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0030605307414107","usgsCitation":"Simcharoen, S., Pattanavibool, A., Karanth, K.U., Nichols, J., and Kumar, S., 2007, How many tigers Panthera tigris are there in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand? An estimate using photographic capture-recapture sampling: Oryx, v. 41, no. 4, p. 447-453, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605307414107.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"447","endPage":"453","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476858,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0030605307414107","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Thailand","otherGeospatial":"Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 99.28619384765625,\n 15.712950725807477\n ],\n [\n 99.41390991210938,\n 15.712950725807477\n ],\n [\n 99.41390991210938,\n 15.787628422033151\n ],\n [\n 99.28619384765625,\n 15.787628422033151\n ],\n [\n 99.28619384765625,\n 15.712950725807477\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simcharoen, S.","contributorId":60750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simcharoen","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pattanavibool, A.","contributorId":18485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pattanavibool","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karanth, K. U.","contributorId":23645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karanth","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kumar, S.","contributorId":17714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224831,"text":"5224831 - 2007 - Application of information theory methods to food web reconstruction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-25T11:53:29.215064","indexId":"5224831","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of information theory methods to food web reconstruction","docAbstract":"In this paper we use information theory techniques on time series of abundances to determine the topology of a food web. At the outset, the food web participants (two consumers, two resources) are known; in addition we know that each consumer prefers one of the resources over the other. However, we do not know which consumer prefers which resource, and if this preference is absolute (i.e., whether or not the consumer will consume the non-preferred resource). Although the consumers and resources are identified at the beginning of the experiment, we also provide evidence that the consumers are not resources for each other, and the resources do not consume each other. We do show that there is significant mutual information between resources; the model is seasonally forced and some shared information between resources is expected. Similarly, because the model is seasonally forced, we expect shared information between consumers as they respond to the forcing of the resources. The model that we consider does include noise, and in an effort to demonstrate that these methods may be of some use in other than model data, we show the efficacy of our methods with decreasing time series size; in this particular case we obtain reasonably clear results with a time series length of 400 points. This approaches ecological time series lengths from real systems.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.05.016","usgsCitation":"Moniz, L., Cooch, E., Ellner, S., Nichols, J., and Nichols, J., 2007, Application of information theory methods to food web reconstruction: Ecological Modelling, v. 208, no. 2-4, p. 145-158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.05.016.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"158","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"208","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67aa71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moniz, L.J.","contributorId":17718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moniz","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooch, E.G.","contributorId":40932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellner, S.P.","contributorId":16963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellner","given":"S.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nichols, J.M.","contributorId":18080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224741,"text":"5224741 - 2007 - Plumage development and molt in Long-tailed Manakins (Chiroxiphia linearis): Variation according to sex and age","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T12:53:29","indexId":"5224741","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plumage development and molt in Long-tailed Manakins (Chiroxiphia linearis): Variation according to sex and age","docAbstract":"

Lek-mating Long-tailed Manakins (Chiroxiphia linearis) exhibit an unusual pattern of delayed plumage maturation. Each year, males progress through a series of predefinitive plumages before attaining definitive plumage in their fifth calendar year. Females also exhibit variation in plumage coloration, with some females displaying male-like plumage characteristics. Using data from mist-net captures in northwest Costa Rica (n = 1,315) and museum specimens from throughout the range of Long-tailed Manakins (n = 585), we documented the plumage sequence progression of males, explored variation in female plumage, and described the timing of molt in this species. Males progressed through a series of age-specific predefinitive plumages, which enabled the accurate aging of predefinitive-plumaged males in the field; this predefinitive plumage sequence is the basis for age-related status-signaling in these males. Females tended to acquire red coloration in the crown as they aged. However, colorful plumage in females may be a byproduct of selection on bright male plumage. Females exhibited an early peak of molt activity from February to April, little molt from May through July, and a second, more pronounced peak of molt activity in October. By contrast, males in older predefinitive-plumage stages and males in definitive plumage exhibited comparable unimodal distributions in molt activity beginning in June and peaking between July and October. Our data are consistent with selective pressure to avoid the costs of molt-breeding overlap in females and older males. Our findings have important implications for social organization and signaling in Long- tailed Manakins, and for the evolution of delayed plumage maturation in birds.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[29:PDAMIL]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Doucet, S., McDonald, D., Foster, M., and Clay, R., 2007, Plumage development and molt in Long-tailed Manakins (Chiroxiphia linearis): Variation according to sex and age: The Auk, v. 124, no. 1, p. 29-43, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[29:PDAMIL]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"43","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476852,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[29:pdamil]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683ab5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doucet, S.M.","contributorId":52301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doucet","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, D.B.","contributorId":82032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foster, M.S. 0000-0001-8272-4608","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8272-4608","contributorId":10116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clay, R.P.","contributorId":32271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clay","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224841,"text":"5224841 - 2007 - Making great leaps forward: Accounting for detectability in herpetological field studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T15:06:28","indexId":"5224841","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Making great leaps forward: Accounting for detectability in herpetological field studies","docAbstract":"

Detecting individuals of amphibian and reptile species can be a daunting task. Detection can be hindered by various factors such as cryptic behavior, color patterns, or observer experience. These factors complicate the estimation of state variables of interest (e.g., abundance, occupancy, species richness) as well as the vital rates that induce changes in these state variables (e.g., survival probabilities for abundance; extinction probabilities for occupancy). Although ad hoc methods (e.g., counts uncorrected for detection, return rates) typically perform poorly in the face of no detection, they continue to be used extensively in various fields, including herpetology. However, formal approaches that estimate and account for the probability of detection, such as capture-mark-recapture (CMR) methods and distance sampling, are available. In this paper, we present classical approaches and recent advances in methods accounting for detectability that are particularly pertinent for herpetological data sets. Through examples, we illustrate the use of several methods, discuss their performance compared to that of ad hoc methods, and we suggest available software to perform these analyses. The methods we discuss control for imperfect detection and reduce bias in estimates of demographic parameters such as population size, survival, or, at other levels of biological organization, species occurrence. Among these methods, recently developed approaches that no longer require marked or resighted individuals should be particularly of interest to field herpetologists. We hope that our effort will encourage practitioners to implement some of the estimation methods presented herein instead of relying on ad hoc methods that make more limiting assumptions.

","language":"English","publisher":"The Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.1670/07-061.1","usgsCitation":"Mazerolle, M.J., Bailey, L., Kendall, W.L., Royle, J., Converse, S.J., and Nichols, J., 2007, Making great leaps forward: Accounting for detectability in herpetological field studies: Journal of Herpetology, v. 41, no. 4, p. 672-689, https://doi.org/10.1670/07-061.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"672","endPage":"689","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202630,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649f51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mazerolle, Marc J.","contributorId":173729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazerolle","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, Larissa L.","contributorId":93183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Larissa L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, William L. wkendall@usgs.gov","contributorId":406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"William","email":"wkendall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":3513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nichols, James D. jnichols@usgs.gov","contributorId":139087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5224842,"text":"5224842 - 2007 - Egg incubation position affects toxicity of air cell administered polychlorinated biphenyl 126 (3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl) in chicken (Gallus gallus) embryos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-26T11:58:38.166866","indexId":"5224842","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Egg incubation position affects toxicity of air cell administered polychlorinated biphenyl 126 (3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl) in chicken (Gallus gallus) embryos","title":"Egg incubation position affects toxicity of air cell administered polychlorinated biphenyl 126 (3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl) in chicken (Gallus gallus) embryos","docAbstract":"

The avian egg is used extensively for chemical screening and determining the relative sensitivity of species to environmental contaminants (e.g., metals, pesticides, polyhalogenated compounds). The effect of egg incubation position on embryonic survival, pipping, and hatching success was examined following air cell administration of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener 126 (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl [PCB 126]; 500-2,000 pg/g egg) on day 4 of development in fertile chicken (Gallus gallus) eggs. Depending on dose, toxicity was found to be up to nine times greater in vertically versus horizontally incubated eggs. This may be due to enhanced embryonic exposure to the injection bolus in vertically incubated eggs compared to more gradual uptake in horizontally incubated eggs. Following air cell administration of PCB 126, horizontal incubation of eggs may more closely approximate uptake and toxicity that has been observed with naturally incorporated contaminants. These data have implications for chemical screening and use of laboratory data for ecological risk assessments.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/07-291.1","usgsCitation":"McKernan, M., Rattner, B., Hale, R., and Ottinger, M.A., 2007, Egg incubation position affects toxicity of air cell administered polychlorinated biphenyl 126 (3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl) in chicken (Gallus gallus) embryos: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 26, no. 12, p. 2724-2727, https://doi.org/10.1897/07-291.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2724","endPage":"2727","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f358","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKernan, M.A.","contributorId":6554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKernan","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hale, R. C.","contributorId":11309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hale","given":"R. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ottinger, M. A.","contributorId":99078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224801,"text":"5224801 - 2007 - Quantifying the impact of longline fisheries on adult survival in the black-footed albatross","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-01T17:29:36.845743","indexId":"5224801","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the impact of longline fisheries on adult survival in the black-footed albatross","docAbstract":"

1. Industrial longline fishing has been suspected to impact upon black-footed albatross populations Phoebastria nigripes by increasing mortality, but no precise estimates of bycatch mortality are available to ascertain this statement. We present a general framework for quantifying the relationship between albatross population and longline fishing in absence of reliable estimates of bycatch rate. 2. We analysed capture-recapture data of a population of black-footed albatross to obtain estimates of survival probability for this population using several alternative models to adequately take into account heterogeneity in the recapture process. Instead of trying to estimate the number of birds killed by using various extrapolations and unchecked assumptions, we investigate the potential relationship between annual adult survival and several measures of fishing effort. Although we considered a large number of covariates, we used principal component analysis to generate a few uncorrelated synthetic variables from the set and thus we maintained both power and robustness. 3. The average survival for 1997-2002 was 92%, a low value compared to estimates available for other albatross species. We found that one of the synthetic variables used to summarize industrial longline fishing significantly explained more than 40% of the variation in adult survival over 11 years, suggesting an impact by longline fishing on albatross' survival. 4. Our analysis provides some evidence of non-linear variation in survival with fishing effort. This could indicate that below a certain level of fishing effort, deaths due to incidental catch can be partially or totally compensated for by a decrease in natural mortality. Another possible explanation is the existence of a strong interspecific competition for accessing the baits, reducing the risk of being accidentally hooked. 5. Synthesis and applications. The suspicion of a significant impact of longline fishing on the black-footed albatross population was supported by the combination of a low estimate of adult survival for the study period, and a significant relationship between adult survival and a synthetic measure of fishing effort. This study highlights the sensitivity of the black-footed albatross to commercial longline fishing, and should exhort fishery management authorities to find adequate seabirds avoidance methods and to encourage their employment.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley Online","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01346.x","usgsCitation":"Veran, S., Gimenez, O., Flint, E., Kendall, W., Doherty, P., and Lebreton, J., 2007, Quantifying the impact of longline fisheries on adult survival in the black-footed albatross: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 44, no. 5, p. 942-952, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01346.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"942","endPage":"952","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477002,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01346.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":201916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b12d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Veran, S.","contributorId":87259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veran","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gimenez, O.","contributorId":60748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gimenez","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, E.","contributorId":8969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doherty, P.F. Jr.","contributorId":74096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"P.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lebreton, J.D.","contributorId":104186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lebreton","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5224853,"text":"5224853 - 2007 - Mapping the information landscape: Discerning peaks and valleys for ecological monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-02T18:16:45.23344","indexId":"5224853","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2194,"text":"Journal of Biological Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping the information landscape: Discerning peaks and valleys for ecological monitoring","docAbstract":"

We investigate previously unreported phenomena that have a potentially significant impact on the design of surveillance monitoring programs for ecological systems. Ecological monitoring practitioners have long recognized that different species are differentially informative of a system's dynamics, as codified in the well-known concepts of indicator or keystone species. Using a novel combination of analysis techniques from nonlinear dynamics, we describe marked variation among spatial sites in information content with respect to system dynamics in the entire region. We first observed these phenomena in a spatially extended predator-prey model, but we observed strikingly similar features in verified water-level data from a NOAA/NOS Great Lakes monitoring program. We suggest that these features may be widespread and the design of surveillance monitoring programs should reflect knowledge of their existence.

","language":"English","publisher":"SpringerLink","doi":"10.1007/s10867-007-9047-y","usgsCitation":"Moniz, L., Nichols, J., and Nichols, J., 2007, Mapping the information landscape: Discerning peaks and valleys for ecological monitoring: Journal of Biological Physics, v. 33, no. 3, p. 171-181, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10867-007-9047-y.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"181","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476854,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10867-007-9047-y","text":"External Repository"},{"id":196288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0ae4b07f02db69d384","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moniz, L.J.","contributorId":17718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moniz","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.M.","contributorId":18080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}