{"pageNumber":"85","pageRowStart":"2100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11370,"records":[{"id":70156181,"text":"70156181 - 2015 - A plant toxin mediated mechanism for the lag in snowshoe hare population recovery following cyclic declines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-25T15:04:27","indexId":"70156181","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-25T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A plant toxin mediated mechanism for the lag in snowshoe hare population recovery following cyclic declines","docAbstract":"<p>A necessary condition for a snowshoe hare population to cycle is reduced reproduction after the population declines. But the cause of a cyclic snowshoe hare population's reduced reproduction during the low phase of the cycle, when predator density collapses, is not completely understood. We propose that moderate-severe browsing by snowshoe hares upon preferred winter-foods could increase the toxicity of some of the hare's best winter-foods during the following hare low, with the result being a decline in hare nutrition that could reduce hare reproduction. We used a combination of modeling and experiments to explore this hypothesis. Using the shrub birch <i>Betula glandulosa</i> as the plant of interest, the model predicted that browsing by hares during a hare cycle peak, by increasing the toxicity <i>B. glandulosa</i> twigs during the following hare low, could cause a hare population to cycle. The model's assumptions were verified with assays of dammarane triterpenes in segments of <i>B. glandulosa</i> twigs and captive hare feeding experiments conducted in Alaska during February and March 1986. The model's predictions were tested with estimates of hare density and measurements of <i>B. glandulosa</i> twig growth made at Kluane, Yukon from 1988&ndash;2008. The empirical tests supported the model's predictions. Thus, we have concluded that a browsing-caused increase in twig toxicity that occurs during the hare cycle's low phase could reduce hare reproduction during the low phase of the hare cycle.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/oik.01671","usgsCitation":"DeAngelis, D., Bryant, J.P., Liu, R., Gourley, S.A., Krebs, C., and Reichardt, P.B., 2015, A plant toxin mediated mechanism for the lag in snowshoe hare population recovery following cyclic declines: Oikos, v. 124, no. 6, p. 796-805, https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.01671.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"796","endPage":"805","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056126","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306815,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Yukon","otherGeospatial":"Kluane","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -141.04248046875,\n              59.789579955087405\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.04248046875,\n              61.95961583829658\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.97802734374997,\n              61.95961583829658\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.97802734374997,\n              59.789579955087405\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.04248046875,\n              59.789579955087405\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"124","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d305abe4b0518e35468cd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":138934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bryant, John P.","contributorId":39227,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bryant","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, Rongsong","contributorId":43480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Rongsong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gourley, Stephen A.","contributorId":60487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gourley","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krebs, Charles J","contributorId":146456,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krebs","given":"Charles J","affiliations":[{"id":16701,"text":"Dept. of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reichardt, Paul B","contributorId":146457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reichardt","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"B","affiliations":[{"id":16702,"text":"Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70198398,"text":"70198398 - 2015 - Pre-fieldwork surveys ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T14:44:36","indexId":"70198398","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-20T14:35:29","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"3","title":"Pre-fieldwork surveys ","docAbstract":"<p>In sea-level studies, initial surveys at the office or library can increase a project’s likelihood of success. Pre-fieldwork surveys should begin with a thorough review of prior research literature that appraises available data, identifies data gaps, and places the project objectives into a broader scientific context. Whereas peer reviewed journal articles may contain a wealth of research findings, often the most useful maps, historical documents, images, and other data critical for sea-level research are discovered by searching government files, libraries, museums, unpublished reports, or, increasingly, online digital data collections.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of sea-level research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":13,"text":"Handbook"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9781118452547","usgsCitation":"Witter, R., 2015, Pre-fieldwork surveys , chap. 3 <i>of</i> Handbook of sea-level research, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118452547.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"27","numberOfPages":"46","ipdsId":"IP-055158","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1659707","text":"External Repository"},{"id":357049,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a8a8e4b0702d0e843106","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shennan, Ian","contributorId":54883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shennan","given":"Ian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744125,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Antony J.","contributorId":191198,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Antony","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744126,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horton, Benajamin P.","contributorId":192918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horton","given":"Benajamin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744127,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Witter, Robert C. 0000-0002-1721-254X rwitter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-254X","contributorId":4528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witter","given":"Robert C.","email":"rwitter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70133102,"text":"ds898 - 2015 - Basement domain map of the conterminous United States and Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T13:36:05","indexId":"ds898","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-18T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"898","title":"Basement domain map of the conterminous United States and Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The basement-domain map is a compilation of basement domains in the conterminous United States and Alaska designed to be used at 1:5,000,000-scale, particularly as a base layer for national-scale mineral resource assessments. Seventy-seven basement domains are represented as eighty-three polygons on the map. The domains are based on interpretations of basement composition, origin, and architecture and developed from a variety of sources. Analysis of previously published basement, lithotectonic, and terrane maps as well as models of planetary development were used to formulate the concept of basement and the methodology of defining domains that spanned the ages of Archean to present but formed through different processes. The preliminary compilations for the study areas utilized these maps, national-scale gravity and aeromagnetic data, published and limited new age and isotopic data, limited new field investigations, and conventional geologic maps. Citation of the relevant source data for compilations and the source and types of original interpretation, as derived from different types of data, are provided in supporting descriptive text and tables.</p>\n<p>The tectonic settings for crustal types represented in the basement domains are subdivided into constituent geologic environments and the types of primary metals endowments and deposits in them are documented. The compositions, architecture, and original metals endowments are potentially important to assessments of primary mineral deposits and to the residence and recycling of metals in the crust of the United States portion of the North American continent. The databases can be configured to demonstrate the construction of the United States through time, to identify specific types of crust, or to identify domains potentially containing metal endowments of specific genetic types or endowed with specific metals. The databases can also be configured to illustrate other purposes chosen by users.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds898","usgsCitation":"Lund, K., Box, S.E., Holm-Denoma, C.S., San Juan, C.A., Blakely, R.J., Saltus, R.W., Anderson, E.D., and DeWitt, E., 2015, Basement domain map of the conterminous United States and Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 898, Report: iv, 41 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds898.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 41 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053924","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298007,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds898.jpg"},{"id":298005,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0898/pdf/ds898.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298006,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0898/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory","linkHelpText":"Contains: geospatial database. 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,{"id":70131484,"text":"cir1403 - 2015 - U.S. Geological Survey activities related to American Indians and Alaska Natives: Fiscal years 2009 and 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T11:59:44","indexId":"cir1403","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-13T08:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1403","title":"U.S. Geological Survey activities related to American Indians and Alaska Natives: Fiscal years 2009 and 2010","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey is the earth and natural science bureau within the U.S. Department of the Interior. The U.S. Geological Survey provides impartial information on the health of our ecosystems and environment, the natural hazards that threaten us, the natural resources we rely on, the negative effects of climate and land-use change, and the core science systems that help us provide timely, relevant, and usable information. The U.S. Geological Survey is not responsible for regulations or land management.</p>\n<p>In the late 1800s, John Wesley Powell the second director of the U.S. Geological Survey, followed his interest in the Tribes of the Great Basin and Colorado Plateau and studied their cultures, languages, and surroundings. From that early time, the U.S. Geological Survey has recognized the importance of Native knowledge as a complement to the U.S. Geological Survey mission to better understand the Earth and its systems. Collaboration allows the U.S. Geological Survey and Native American governments, organizations, and peoples to increase their mutual understanding of the increasing challenges facing our natural world.</p>\n<p>Although this report uses the term &ldquo;resources,&rdquo; the U.S. Geological Survey, through its interdisciplinary research, acknowledges the interconnectedness of the Earth and all the life forms that live upon it.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1403","usgsCitation":"Fordham, M., and Montour, M.R., 2015, U.S. Geological Survey activities related to American Indians and Alaska Natives: Fiscal years 2009 and 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1403, xvi, 112 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1403.","productDescription":"xvi, 112 p.","startPage":"112","numberOfPages":"130","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-10-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-058358","costCenters":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297957,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir1403.jpg"},{"id":297955,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1403/pdf/Low/c1403.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report: screen-optimized","linkHelpText":"Screen-optimized"},{"id":297956,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1403/pdf/High/c1403.pdf","text":"Report","size":"61.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report: high-resolution","linkHelpText":"High-resolution"},{"id":297954,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1403/"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -176.66015625,\n              18.145851771694467\n            ],\n            [\n              -176.66015625,\n              71.46912418989677\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.26953125,\n              71.46912418989677\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.26953125,\n              18.145851771694467\n            ],\n            [\n              -176.66015625,\n              18.145851771694467\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54df2031e4b08de9379b3a33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fordham, Monique mfordham@usgs.gov","contributorId":4004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fordham","given":"Monique","email":"mfordham@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montour, Maria R. 0000-0002-7834-9005 mmontour@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7834-9005","contributorId":5032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montour","given":"Maria","email":"mmontour@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70143082,"text":"70143082 - 2015 - Establishing a definition of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) health: A guide to research and management activities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-01T09:52:58","indexId":"70143082","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-11T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Establishing a definition of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) health: A guide to research and management activities","docAbstract":"<p>The meaning of health for wildlife and perspectives on how to assess and measure health, are not well characterized. For wildlife at risk, such as some polar bear (Ursus maritimus) subpopulations, establishing comprehensive monitoring programs that include health status is an emerging need. Environmental changes, especially loss of sea ice habitat, have raised concern about polar bear health. Effective and consistent monitoring of polar bear health requires an unambiguous definition of health. We used the Delphi method of soliciting and interpreting expert knowledge to propose a working definition of polar bear health and to identify current concerns regarding health, challenges in measuring health, and important metrics for monitoring health. The expert opinion elicited through the exercise agreed that polar bear health is defined by characteristics and knowledge at the individual, population, and ecosystem level. The most important threats identified were in decreasing order: climate change, increased nutritional stress, chronic physiological stress, harvest management, increased exposure to contaminants, increased frequency of human interaction, diseases and parasites, and increased exposure to competitors. Fifteen metrics were identified to monitor polar bear health. Of these, indicators of body condition, disease and parasite exposure, contaminant exposure, and reproductive success were ranked as most important. We suggest that a cumulative effects approach to research and monitoring will improve the ability to assess the biological, ecological, and social determinants of polar bear health and provide measurable objectives for conservation goals and priorities and to evaluate progress.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.007","usgsCitation":"Patyk, K.A., Duncan, C.G., Nol, P., Sonne, C., Laidre, K., Obbard, M.E., Wiig, Ø., Aars, J., Regehr, E.V., Gustafson, L., and Atwood, T.C., 2015, Establishing a definition of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) health: A guide to research and management activities: Science of the Total Environment, v. 514, p. 371-378, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.007.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"378","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061140","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298642,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298594,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969715001436"}],"volume":"514","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5509502ee4b02e76d757e617","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patyk, Kelly A.","contributorId":139696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patyk","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duncan, Colleen G.","contributorId":15512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duncan","given":"Colleen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nol, Pauline","contributorId":34053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nol","given":"Pauline","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sonne, C.","contributorId":92077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonne","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Laidre, Kristin L.","contributorId":37646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laidre","given":"Kristin L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Obbard, Martyn E.","contributorId":108002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Obbard","given":"Martyn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6780,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wiig, Øystein","contributorId":13469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiig","given":"Øystein","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Aars, Jon","contributorId":91338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aars","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7238,"text":"Norwegian Polar Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Regehr, Eric V. 0000-0003-4487-3105","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-3105","contributorId":66364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regehr","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gustafson, L.","contributorId":67282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustafson","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Atwood, Todd C. 0000-0002-1971-3110 tatwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110","contributorId":4368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"Todd","email":"tatwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70168499,"text":"70168499 - 2015 - A genetic discontinuity in moose (<i>Alces alces</i>) in Alaska corresponds with fenced transportation infrastructure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:09:04","indexId":"70168499","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A genetic discontinuity in moose (<i>Alces alces</i>) in Alaska corresponds with fenced transportation infrastructure","docAbstract":"<p><span>The strength and arrangement of movement barriers can impact the connectivity among habitat patches. Anthropogenic barriers (e.g. roads) are a source of habitat fragmentation that can disrupt these resource networks and can have an influence on the spatial genetic structure of populations. Using microsatellite data, we evaluated whether observed genetic structure of moose (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Alces alces</i><span>) populations were associated with human activities (e.g. roads) in the urban habitat of Anchorage and rural habitat on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. We found evidence of a recent genetic subdivision among moose in Anchorage that corresponds to a major highway and associated infrastructure. This subdivision is most likely due to restrictions in gene flow due to alterations to the highway (e.g. moose-resistant fencing with one-way gates) and a significant increase in traffic volume over the past 30&nbsp;years; genetic subdivision was not detected on the Kenai Peninsula in an area not bisected by a major highway. This study illustrates that anthropogenic barriers can substructure wildlife populations within a few generations and highlights the value of genetic assessments to determine the effects on connectivity among habitat patches in conjunction with behavioral and ecological data.</span>.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/s10592-015-0700-x","usgsCitation":"Wilson, R.E., Farley, S.D., McDonough, T.J., Talbot, S.L., and Barboza, P.S., 2015, A genetic discontinuity in moose (<i>Alces alces</i>) in Alaska corresponds with fenced transportation infrastructure: Conservation Genetics, v. 16, no. 4, p. 791-800, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-015-0700-x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"791","endPage":"800","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061406","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318103,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Anchorage","otherGeospatial":"Chugach State Park, Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Kenai Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -150.15014648437497,\n              61.08485672110025\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.15014648437497,\n              61.454521127671924\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.44702148437497,\n              61.454521127671924\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.44702148437497,\n              61.08485672110025\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.15014648437497,\n              61.08485672110025\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.05078125,\n              59.61776916872399\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.05078125,\n              60.45721779774397\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.63354492187497,\n              60.45721779774397\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.63354492187497,\n              59.61776916872399\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.05078125,\n              59.61776916872399\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c4563be4b0946c652184da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Robert E. 0000-0003-1800-0183 rewilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1800-0183","contributorId":5718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Robert","email":"rewilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farley, Sean D.","contributorId":27642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farley","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonough, Thomas J.","contributorId":166994,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonough","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barboza, Perry S.","contributorId":36454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barboza","given":"Perry","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70140098,"text":"70140098 - 2015 - Beach ridges as paleoseismic indicators of abrupt coastal subsidence during subduction zone earthquakes, and implications for Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone paleoseismology, southeast coast of the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-02T15:12:38.596622","indexId":"70140098","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-04T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beach ridges as paleoseismic indicators of abrupt coastal subsidence during subduction zone earthquakes, and implications for Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone paleoseismology, southeast coast of the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Kenai section of the eastern Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone straddles two areas of high slip in the 1964 great Alaska earthquake and is the least studied of the three megathrust segments (Kodiak, Kenai, Prince William Sound) that ruptured in 1964. Investigation of two coastal sites in the eastern part of the Kenai segment, on the southeast coast of the Kenai Peninsula, identified evidence for two subduction zone earthquakes that predate the 1964 earthquake. Both coastal sites provide paleoseismic data through inferred coseismic subsidence of wetlands and associated subsidence-induced erosion of beach ridges. At Verdant Cove, paleo-beach ridges record the paleoseismic history; whereas at Quicksand Cove, buried soils in drowned coastal wetlands are the primary indicators of paleoearthquake occurrence and age. The timing of submergence and death of trees mark the oldest earthquake at Verdant Cove that is consistent with the age of a well documented &sim;900-year-ago subduction zone earthquake that ruptured the Prince William Sound segment of the megathrust to the east and the Kodiak segment to the west. Soils buried within the last 400&ndash;450 years mark the penultimate earthquake on the southeast coast of the Kenai Peninsula. The penultimate earthquake probably occurred before AD 1840 from its absence in Russian historical accounts. The penultimate subduction zone earthquake on the Kenai segment did not rupture in conjunction with the Prince William Sound to the northeast. Therefore the Kenai segment, which is presently creeping, can rupture independently of the adjacent Prince William Sound segment that is presently locked.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.01.006","usgsCitation":"Kelsey, H.M., Witter, R., Engelhart, S.E., Briggs, R.W., Nelson, A.R., Haeussler, P.J., and Corbett, D., 2015, Beach ridges as paleoseismic indicators of abrupt coastal subsidence during subduction zone earthquakes, and implications for Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone paleoseismology, southeast coast of the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 113, p. 147-158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.01.006.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"158","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062026","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489715,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1290683","text":"External Repository"},{"id":297744,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kenai Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -151.5,\n              59.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.5,\n              60.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.5,\n              60.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.5,\n              59.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.5,\n              59.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"113","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a59e4b08de9379b2ffd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelsey, Harvey M.","contributorId":101713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelsey","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Witter, Robert C. 0000-0002-1721-254X rwitter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-254X","contributorId":4528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witter","given":"Robert C.","email":"rwitter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engelhart, Simon E.","contributorId":60104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engelhart","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6923,"text":"University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Briggs, Richard W. 0000-0001-8108-0046 rbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-0046","contributorId":139002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Richard","email":"rbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, Alan R. 0000-0001-7117-7098 anelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Alan","email":"anelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Corbett, D. Reide","contributorId":139024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corbett","given":"D. Reide","affiliations":[{"id":12616,"text":"Dept of Geological Sciences, East Carolina University,  Greenville, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70193113,"text":"70193113 - 2015 - Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project final report: Monitoring for evaluation of recovery and restoration of injured nearshore resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-21T10:24:09","indexId":"70193113","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"displayTitle":"<i>Exxon Valdez</i> Oil Spill Restoration Project final report: Monitoring for evaluation of recovery and restoration of injured nearshore resources","title":"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project final report: Monitoring for evaluation of recovery and restoration of injured nearshore resources","docAbstract":"<p><span>In 2012, we completed three consecutive years of full field sampling in WPWS for EVOS Restoration Project 10100750. Nearshore monitoring was conducted in collaboration with the NPS SWAN I&amp;M program and, beginning in 2012, as part of the EVOSTC GWA program.&nbsp;Data collection was done in accordance with standard operating procedures set forth to monitor marine water chemistry and quality, marine intertidal invertebrates, kelps and seagrasses, marine birds, black oystercatchers, and sea otters. Summer sampling in 2012 represented the fourth year of sampling in WPWS (an initial year of sampling was done in WPWS in 2007; EVOS Restoration Project 070750). Based on our monitoring of nearshore species in WPWS, and comparisons of data from WPWS and other areas within the Gulf of Alaska, we have no evidence of continued injury to biological resources at the spatial scales we are monitoring. A key finding is that recovery of the sea otter population is no longer constrained by exposure to lingering oil; this is consistent with related EVOSTC studies on harlequin ducks (Restoration Project 12120114-Q). We anticipate continued annual nearshore monitoring in WPWS and at KATM and KEFJ under GWA, with data summaries and analyses including all three areas to provide a larger spatial and temporal context to the understanding of processes and patterns in nearshore ecosystems of the GOA which were impacted by the EVOS of 1989.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council","usgsCitation":"Ballachey, B.E., Bodkin, J.L., Kloecker, K.A., Dean, T., and Colletti, H.A., 2015, Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project final report: Monitoring for evaluation of recovery and restoration of injured nearshore resources, 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-056353","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology 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,{"id":70147979,"text":"70147979 - 2015 - H7N9 influenza A virus in turkeys in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-11T09:35:58","indexId":"70147979","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2301,"text":"Journal of General Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"H7N9 influenza A virus in turkeys in Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Introductions of H7 Influenza A virus (IAV) from wild birds into poultry have been documented worldwide, resulting in varying degrees of morbidity and mortality. H7 IAV infection in domestic poultry has served as a source of human infection and disease. We report the detection of H7N9 subtype IAV in Minnesota turkey farms during 2009 and 2011. The full-genome was sequenced from eight isolates as well as the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene segments of H7 and N9 virus subtypes for 108 isolates from North American wild birds between 1986 and 2012. Through maximum likelihood and coalescent phylogenetic analyses, we identified the recent H7 and N9 IAV ancestors of the turkey-origin H7N9 IAV, estimated the time and geographic origin of the ancestral viruses, and determined the relatedness between the 2009 and the 2011 turkey-origin H7N9 IAV. Analyses supported that the 2009 and the 2011 viruses were distantly related genetically, suggesting that the two outbreaks arose from independent introduction events from wild birds. Our findings further support that the 2011 MN turkey-origin H7N9 virus was closely related to H7N9 IAV isolated in poultry in Nebraska during the same year. Although the precise origin of the wild-bird donor of the turkey-origin H7N9 IAV could not be determined, our findings suggest that, for both the NA and HA gene segments, the MN turkey-origin H7N9 viruses were related to viruses circulating in wild birds between 2006 and 2011 in the Mississippi flyway.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for General Microbiology","publisherLocation":"London, England","doi":"10.1099/vir.0.067504-0","usgsCitation":"Lebarbenchon, C., Pedersen, J., Sreevatsan, S., Ramey, A.M., Dugan, V.G., Halpin, R., Ferro, P.A., Lupiani, B., Enomoto, S., Poulson, R.L., Smeltzer, M., Cardona, C.J., Tompkins, S., Wentworth, D., Stallknecht, D., and Brown, J., 2015, H7N9 influenza A virus in turkeys in Minnesota: Journal of General Virology, v. 96, no. 2, p. 269-276, https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.067504-0.","productDescription":"8 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,{"id":70147980,"text":"70147980 - 2015 - Spatial genetic structure of bristle-thighed curlews (Numenius tahitiensis): Breeding area differentiation not reflected on the non-breeding grounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T13:10:04","indexId":"70147980","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Spatial genetic structure of bristle-thighed curlews (<i>Numenius tahitiensis</i>): Breeding area differentiation not reflected on the non-breeding grounds","title":"Spatial genetic structure of bristle-thighed curlews (Numenius tahitiensis): Breeding area differentiation not reflected on the non-breeding grounds","docAbstract":"<p>Migratory birds occupy geographically and ecologically disparate areas during their annual cycle with conditions on breeding and non-breeding grounds playing separate and important roles in population dynamics. We used data from nuclear microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA control region loci to assess the breeding and non-breeding spatial genetic structure of a transoceanic migrant shorebird, the bristle-thighed curlew. We found spatial variance in the distribution of allelic and haplotypic frequencies between the curlew's two breeding areas in Alaska but did not observe this spatial structure throughout its non-breeding range on low-lying tropical and subtropical islands in the Central Pacific (Oceania). This suggests that the two breeding populations do not spatially segregate during the non-breeding season. Lack of migratory connectivity is likely attributable to the species' behavior, as bristle-thighed curlews exhibit differential timing of migration and some individuals move among islands during non-breeding months. Given the detrimental impact of many past and current human activities on island ecosystems, admixture of breeding populations in Oceania may render the bristle-thighed curlew less vulnerable to perturbations there, as neither breeding population will be disproportionally affected by local habitat losses or by stochastic events. Furthermore, lack of migratory connectivity may enable bristle-thighed curlews to respond to changing island ecosystems by altering their non-breeding distribution. However, availability of suitable non-breeding habitat for curlews in Oceania is increasingly limited on both low-lying and high islands by habitat loss, sea level rise, and invasive mammalian predators that pose a threat to flightless and flight-compromised curlews during the molting period.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/s10592-014-0654-4","usgsCitation":"Sonsthagen, S.A., Tibbitts, T.L., Gill, R., Williams, I.S., and Talbot, S.L., 2015, Spatial genetic structure of bristle-thighed curlews (Numenius tahitiensis): Breeding area differentiation not reflected on the non-breeding grounds: Conservation Genetics, v. 16, no. 1, p. 223-233, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-014-0654-4.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"233","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055300","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7WS8RB7","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data from Bristle-Thighed Curlews at James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge, O'ahu, Hawaii, 2012-2014"},{"id":300264,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5551d2bbe4b0a92fa7e93c0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tibbitts, T. 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,{"id":70147432,"text":"70147432 - 2015 - Nest visits and capture events affect breeding success of Yellow-billed and Pacific loons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-01T09:31:36","indexId":"70147432","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest visits and capture events affect breeding success of Yellow-billed and Pacific loons","docAbstract":"<p><span>Accurate estimates of breeding success are essential for understanding population dynamics and for managing populations. Unfortunately, research activities to collect these data can negatively impact the breeding success of the study species and bias estimates of breeding success. Despite the potential for negative impacts, few studies have documented the effect of capturing incubating adults on nest survival or compared nest survival following different capture methods. In this study we evaluate the impacts of investigator disturbance associated with captures and nest visits on nest survival of Yellow-billed Loons (</span><i>Gavia adamsii</i><span>) and Pacific Loons (</span><i><i>Gavia pacifica</i></i><span>) in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska (NPR-A), an area of conservation concern, in 2011&ndash;2013. In an effort to reduce capture-related nest failures, we developed a new suspended dive net technique to catch territorial aquatic birds while off their nests. We then compared nest survival following suspended dive net captures to bow-net trap captures of breeding adult loons. Daily nest survival following bow-net trap or suspended dive net capture was about 30% lower than when adults were not captured. The effect of captures on nest survival was similar between bow-net trap and suspended dive net capture methods. Nest visits without captures also negatively impacted nest survival, although less than captures. If not accounted for, nest visitation biased daily survival rates of nests downward 6%. Effects of investigator disturbance did not differ by species or between years. Our results suggest that any source of disturbance that displaces incubating adult loons could potentially reduce nest survival. 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Brian D. 0000-0002-1885-0260 buher-koch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1885-0260","contributorId":5117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uher-Koch","given":"Brian","email":"buher-koch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, Kenneth G.","contributorId":127672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Kenneth G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70176621,"text":"70176621 - 2015 - Genetic diversity and host specificity varies across three genera of blood parasites in ducks of the Pacific Americas Flyway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-16T21:28:57","indexId":"70176621","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic diversity and host specificity varies across three genera of blood parasites in ducks of the Pacific Americas Flyway","docAbstract":"<p><span>Birds of the order Anseriformes, commonly referred to as waterfowl, are frequently infected by Haemosporidia of the genera </span><i>Haemoproteus</i><span>, </span><i>Plasmodium</i><span>, and </span><i>Leucocytozoon</i><span> via dipteran vectors. We analyzed nucleotide sequences of the Cytochrome </span><i>b</i><span> (Cyt</span><i>b</i><span>) gene from parasites of these genera detected in six species of ducks from Alaska and California, USA to characterize the genetic diversity of Haemosporidia infecting waterfowl at two ends of the Pacific Americas Flyway. In addition, parasite Cyt</span><i>b</i><span> sequences were compared to those available on a public database to investigate specificity of genetic lineages to hosts of the order Anseriformes. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity of </span><i>Haemoproteus</i><span> Cyt</span><i>b</i><span> sequences was lower than was detected for </span><i>Plasmodium</i><span> and </span><i>Leucocytozoon</i><span> parasites. Although waterfowl are presumed to be infected by only a single species of </span><i>Leucocytozoon</i><span>, </span><i>L</i><span>. </span><i>simondi</i><span>, diversity indices were highest for haplotypes from this genus and sequences formed five distinct clades separated by genetic distances of 4.9%–7.6%, suggesting potential cryptic speciation. All </span><i>Haemoproteus</i><span> and</span><i>Leucocytozoon</i><span> haplotypes derived from waterfowl samples formed monophyletic clades in phylogenetic analyses and were unique to the order Anseriformes with few exceptions. In contrast, waterfowl-origin </span><i>Plasmodium</i><span> haplotypes were identical or closely related to lineages found in other avian orders. Our results suggest a more generalist strategy for </span><i>Plasmodium</i><span>parasites infecting North American waterfowl as compared to those of the genera</span><i>Haemoproteus</i><span> and </span><i>Leucocytozoon</i><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0116661","usgsCitation":"Reeves, A.B., Smith, M.M., Meixell, B.W., Fleskes, J.P., and Ramey, A.M., 2015, Genetic diversity and host specificity varies across three genera of blood parasites in ducks of the Pacific Americas Flyway: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 2, e0116661; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116661.","productDescription":"e0116661; 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-059454","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116661","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328891,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7ee45e4b0bc0bec09e977","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeves, Andrew B. 0000-0002-7526-0726 areeves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7526-0726","contributorId":167362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Andrew","email":"areeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Matthew M. 0000-0002-2259-5135 mmsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2259-5135","contributorId":5115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Matthew","email":"mmsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meixell, Brandt W. 0000-0002-6738-0349 bmeixell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6738-0349","contributorId":138716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meixell","given":"Brandt","email":"bmeixell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleskes, Joseph P. 0000-0001-5388-6675 joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-6675","contributorId":1889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"Joseph","email":"joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":649405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70139644,"text":"70139644 - 2015 - Intercontinental genetic structure and gene flow in Dunlin (Calidris alpina), a potential vector of avian influenza","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-24T18:07:02","indexId":"70139644","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-30T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1601,"text":"Evolutionary Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Intercontinental genetic structure and gene flow in Dunlin (<i>Calidris alpina</i>), a potential vector of avian influenza","title":"Intercontinental genetic structure and gene flow in Dunlin (Calidris alpina), a potential vector of avian influenza","docAbstract":"<p>Waterfowl (Anseriformes) and shorebirds (Charadriiformes) are the most common wild vectors of influenza A viruses. Due to their migratory behavior, some may transmit disease over long distances. Migratory connectivity studies can link breeding and nonbreeding grounds while illustrating potential interactions among populations that may spread diseases. We investigated Dunlin (<i>Calidris alpina</i>), a shorebird with a subspecies (<i>C.&nbsp;a.&nbsp;arcticola</i>) that migrates from nonbreeding areas endemic to avian influenza in eastern Asia to breeding grounds in northern Alaska. Using microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA, we illustrate genetic structure among six subspecies: <i>C.&nbsp;a.&nbsp;arcticola</i>,<i> C.&nbsp;a.&nbsp;pacifica</i>,<i> C.&nbsp;a.&nbsp;hudsonia</i>,<i> C.&nbsp;a.&nbsp;sakhalina</i>,<i> C.&nbsp;a.&nbsp;kistchinski</i>, and <i>C.&nbsp;a.&nbsp;actites</i>. We demonstrate that mitochondrial DNA can help distinguish <i>C.&nbsp;a.&nbsp;arcticola</i> on the Asian nonbreeding grounds with &gt;70% accuracy depending on their relative abundance, indicating that genetics can help determine whether <i>C.&nbsp;a.&nbsp;arcticola</i> occurs where they may be exposed to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) during outbreaks. Our data reveal asymmetric intercontinental gene flow, with some <i>C.&nbsp;a.&nbsp;arcticola</i> short-stopping migration to breed with <i>C.&nbsp;a.&nbsp;pacifica</i> in western Alaska. Because <i>C.&nbsp;a.&nbsp;pacifica</i> migrates along the Pacific Coast of North America, interactions between these subspecies and other taxa provide route for transmission of HPAI into other parts of North America.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eva.12239","usgsCitation":"Miller, M., Haig, S.M., Mullins, T.D., Ruan, L., Casler, B., Dondua, A., Gates, H.R., Johnson, J., Kendall, S.J., Tomkovich, P.S., Tracy, D., Valchuk, O.P., and Lanctot, R.B., 2015, Intercontinental genetic structure and gene flow in Dunlin (Calidris alpina), a potential vector of avian influenza: Evolutionary Applications, v. 8, no. 2, p. 149-171, https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12239.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"171","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056312","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12239","text":"External Repository"},{"id":297637,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Russia, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -205.13671875,\n              49.26780455063753\n            ],\n            [\n              -205.13671875,\n              72.28906720017675\n            ],\n            [\n              -128.84765625,\n              72.28906720017675\n            ],\n            [\n              -128.84765625,\n              49.26780455063753\n            ],\n            [\n              -205.13671875,\n              49.26780455063753\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.984375,\n              54.16243396806781\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.984375,\n              72.55449849665266\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.015625,\n              72.55449849665266\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.015625,\n              54.16243396806781\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.984375,\n              54.16243396806781\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a8ae4b08de9379b30e1","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/eva.12239","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.12239","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Miller Mark P., Haig Susan M., Mullins Thomas D., Ruan Luzhang, Casler Bruce, Dondua Alexei, Gates H. River, Johnson J. Matthew, Kendall Steve, Tomkovich Pavel S., Tracy Diane, Valchuk Olga P., Lanctot Richard B.","journalName":"Evolutionary Applications","publicationDate":"1/28/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Mark P. mpmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":138965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark P.","email":"mpmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mullins, Thomas D. 0000-0001-8948-9604 tom_mullins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8948-9604","contributorId":3615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"Thomas","email":"tom_mullins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruan, Luzhang","contributorId":138966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruan","given":"Luzhang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12597,"text":"School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casler, Bruce","contributorId":138967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Casler","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12598,"text":"Izembek National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dondua, Alexei","contributorId":138968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dondua","given":"Alexei","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12599,"text":"Gatchinskaya Str., 10-27, St. Petersburg, 197198 Russia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gates, H. 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,{"id":70129825,"text":"fs20143110 - 2015 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T15:30:33","indexId":"fs20143110","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-30T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3110","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for New Hampshire","docAbstract":"<p>Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications important to New Hampshire, including flood mitigation, land development, agriculture, transportation planning and design, infrastructure asset inventory and management, and many others. For the State of New Hampshire, elevation data are critical for many business uses such as flood risk management, natural resources conservation, forest resources management, agriculture and precision farming, infrastructure and construction management, and geologic resource assessment and hazard mitigation. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.</p>\n<p>The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ifsar) data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Office of Management and Budget Circular A&ndash;16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation&rsquo;s natural and constructed features.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143110","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2015, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for New Hampshire (Version 1.0: Originally posted January 30, 2015; Version 1.1: June 29, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3110, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143110.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059925","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial 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,{"id":70133413,"text":"fs20143115 - 2015 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:07:01","indexId":"fs20143115","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-27T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3115","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Utah, elevation data are critical for infrastructure and construction management, natural resources conservation, geologic resource assessment and hazard mitigation, flood risk management, agriculture and precision farming, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.</p>\n<p>The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ifsar) data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Office of Management and Budget Circular A&ndash;16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation&rsquo;s natural and constructed features.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143115","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2015, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Utah (Version 1.0: Originally posted January 27, 2015; Version 1.1: June 29, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3115, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143115.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059632","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial 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1.0: Originally posted January 27, 2015; Version 1.1: June 29, 2015","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2abde4b08de9379b31c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70138874,"text":"70138874 - 2015 - Switching predominance of organic versus inorganic carbon exports from an intermediate-size subarctic watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-23T16:27:43","indexId":"70138874","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-26T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Switching predominance of organic versus inorganic carbon exports from an intermediate-size subarctic watershed","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hydrologic exports of dissolved inorganic and organic carbon (DIC, DOC) reflect permafrost conditions in arctic and subarctic river basins. DIC yields in particular, increase with decreased permafrost extent. We investigated the influence of permafrost extent on DIC and DOC yield in a tributary of the Yukon River, where the upper watershed has continuous permafrost and the lower watershed has discontinuous permafrost. Our results indicate that DIC versus DOC predominance switches with interannual changes in water availability and flow routing in intermediate-size watersheds having mixed permafrost coverage. Large water yield and small concentrations from mountainous headwaters and small water yield and high concentrations from lowlands produced similar upstream and downstream carbon yields. However, DOC export exceeded DIC export during high-flow 2011 while DIC predominated during low-flow 2010. The majority of exported carbon derived from near-surface organic sources when landscapes were wet or frozen and from mineralized subsurface sources when infiltration increased.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014GL062349","usgsCitation":"Dornblaser, M.M., and Striegl, R.G., 2015, Switching predominance of organic versus inorganic carbon exports from an intermediate-size subarctic watershed: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 2, p. 386-394, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062349.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"386","endPage":"394","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056632","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl062349","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297534,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -164.28955078125,\n              62.65396335371416\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.41064453125,\n              62.65396335371416\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.32275390625,\n              61.887225669194976\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.11376953125,\n              61.938950426660604\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.28955078125,\n              62.65396335371416\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2abbe4b08de9379b31b5","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2014gl062349","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014gl062349","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Dornblaser Mark M., Striegl Robert G.","journalName":"Geophysical Research Letters","publicationDate":"1/28/2015","auditedOn":"2/11/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dornblaser, Mark M. 0000-0002-6298-3757 mmdornbl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-3757","contributorId":1636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dornblaser","given":"Mark","email":"mmdornbl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70123407,"text":"70123407 - 2015 - An experimental investigation of chemical communication in the polar bear","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T21:51:14","indexId":"70123407","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-26T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2515,"text":"Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An experimental investigation of chemical communication in the polar bear","docAbstract":"<p><span>The polar bear (</span><i>U</i><i>rsus maritimus</i><span>), with its wide-ranging movements, solitary existence and seasonal reproduction, is expected to favor chemosignaling over other communication modalities. However, the topography of its Arctic sea ice habitat is generally lacking in stationary vertical substrates routinely used for targeted scent marking in other bears. These environmental constraints may have shaped a marking strategy, unique to polar bears, for widely dispersed continuous dissemination of scent via foot pads. To investigate the role of chemical communication, pedal scents were collected from free-ranging polar bears of different sex and reproductive classes captured on spring sea ice in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas, and presented in a controlled fashion to 26 bears in zoos. Results from behavioral bioassays indicated that bears, especially females, were more likely to approach conspecific scent during the spring than the fall. Male flehmen behavior, indicative of chemosignal delivery to the vomeronasal organ, differentiated scent donor by sex and reproductive condition. Histologic examination of pedal skin collected from two females indicated prominent and profuse apocrine glands in association with large compound hair follicles, suggesting that they may produce scents that function as chemosignals. These results suggest that pedal scent, regardless of origin, conveys information to conspecifics that may facilitate social and reproductive behavior, and that chemical communication in this species has been adaptively shaped by environmental constraints of its habitat. However, continuously distributed scent signals necessary for breeding behavior may prove less effective if current and future environmental conditions cause disruption of scent trails due to increased fracturing of sea ice.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Zoological Society of London","doi":"10.1111/jzo.12181","usgsCitation":"Owen, M.A., Swaisgood, R.R., Slocomb, C., Amstrup, S.C., Durner, G.M., Simac, K.S., and Pessier, A.P., 2015, An experimental investigation of chemical communication in the polar bear: Journal of Zoology, v. 295, no. 1, p. 36-43, https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12181.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"43","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050795","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297508,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -188.7890625,\n              68.9110048456202\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.3984375,\n              69.41124235697256\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.5078125,\n              75.58493740869223\n            ],\n            [\n              -193.359375,\n              74.01954331150228\n            ],\n            [\n              -188.7890625,\n              68.9110048456202\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"295","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a53e4b08de9379b2fe2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Owen, Megan A.","contributorId":138918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Owen","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swaisgood, Ronald R.","contributorId":69490,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swaisgood","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12762,"text":"San Diego Zoo Institure for Conservation Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slocomb, C.","contributorId":138919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slocomb","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Simac, Kristin S. 0000-0002-4072-1940 ksimac@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4072-1940","contributorId":131096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simac","given":"Kristin","email":"ksimac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pessier, Allan P.","contributorId":19130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pessier","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70129823,"text":"fs20143112 - 2015 - 3D Elevation Program: summary for Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:12:31","indexId":"fs20143112","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-22T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3112","title":"3D Elevation Program: summary for Nebraska","docAbstract":"<p>Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Nebraska, elevation data are critical for agriculture and precision farming, natural resources conservation, flood risk management, infrastructure and construction management, geologic resource assessment and hazard mitigation, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.</p>\n<p>The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ifsar) data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Office of Management and Budget Circular A&ndash;16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation&rsquo;s natural and constructed features.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143112","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2015, 3D Elevation Program: summary for Nebraska (Version 1.0: Originally posted January 22, 2015; Version 1.1: June 25, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3112, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143112.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059224","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial 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,{"id":70137283,"text":"fs20153002 - 2015 - 3D Elevation Program: summary for Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:08:16","indexId":"fs20153002","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-22T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3002","title":"3D Elevation Program: summary for Vermont","docAbstract":"<p>Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Vermont, elevation data are critical for hazard mitigation, geologic resource assessment, natural resources conservation, agriculture and precision farming, flood risk management, infrastructure and construction management, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.</p>\n<p>The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ifsar) data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Office of Management and Budget Circular A&ndash;16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation&rsquo;s natural and constructed features.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153002","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2015, 3D Elevation Program: summary for Vermont (Version 1.0: Originally posted January 22, 2015; Version 1.1: June 29, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3002, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153002.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060045","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial 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Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70138809,"text":"70138809 - 2015 - Growth rates and variances of unexploited wolf populations in dynamic equilibria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T11:30:56","indexId":"70138809","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-22T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth rates and variances of unexploited wolf populations in dynamic equilibria","docAbstract":"<p><span>Several states have begun harvesting gray wolves (</span><i>Canis lupus</i><span>), and these states and various European countries are closely monitoring their wolf populations. To provide appropriate perspective for determining unusual or extreme fluctuations in their managed wolf populations, we analyzed natural, long-term, wolf-population-density trajectories totaling 130 years of data from 3 areas: Isle Royale National Park in Lake Superior, Michigan, USA; the east-central Superior National Forest in northeastern Minnesota, USA; and Denali National Park, Alaska, USA. Ratios between minimum and maximum annual sizes for 2 mainland populations (</span><i>n</i><span>&thinsp;=&thinsp;28 and 46 yr) varied from 2.5&ndash;2.8, whereas for Isle Royale (</span><i>n</i><span>&thinsp;=&thinsp;56 yr), the ratio was 6.3. The interquartile range (25th percentile, 75th percentile) for annual growth rates,&nbsp;</span><i>N</i><sub><i>t</i></sub><sub>+1</sub><span>/</span><i>N</i><sub><i>t</i></sub><span>, was (0.88, 1.14), (0.92, 1.11), and (0.86, 1.12) for Denali, Superior National Forest, and Isle Royale respectively. We fit a density-independent model and a Ricker model to each time series, and in both cases we considered the potential for observation error. Mean growth rates from the density-independent model were close to 0 for all 3 populations, with 95% credible intervals including 0. We view the estimated model parameters, including those describing annual variability or process variance, as providing useful summaries of the trajectories of these populations. The estimates of these natural wolf population parameters can serve as benchmarks for comparison with those of recovering wolf populations. Because our study populations were all from circumscribed areas, fluctuations in them represent fluctuations in densities (i.e., changes in numbers are not confounded by changes in occupied area as would be the case with populations expanding their range, as are wolf populations in many states).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","doi":"10.1002/wsb.511","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., and Fieberg, J., 2015, Growth rates and variances of unexploited wolf populations in dynamic equilibria: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 39, no. 1, p. 41-48, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.511.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056273","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/d85d63d4c7d448c2bb1d5681d53a1c7b","text":"External Repository"},{"id":297459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, Michigan, Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park, Isle Royale National Park, Superior National Forest","volume":"39","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a85e4b08de9379b30c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fieberg, John","contributorId":44804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fieberg","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":7201,"text":"University of Minnesota-St. Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70138745,"text":"70138745 - 2015 - Distribution and biophysical processes of beaded streams in Arctic permafrost landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-22T11:20:09","indexId":"70138745","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-22T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and biophysical processes of beaded streams in Arctic permafrost landscapes","docAbstract":"<p>Beaded streams are widespread in permafrost regions and are considered a common thermokarst landform. However, little is known about their distribution, how and under what conditions they form, and how their intriguing morphology translates to ecosystem functions and habitat. Here we report on a Circum-Arctic survey of beaded streams and a watershed-scale analysis in northern Alaska using remote sensing and field studies. We mapped over 400 channel networks with beaded morphology throughout the continuous permafrost zone of northern Alaska, Canada, and Russia and found the highest abundance associated with medium- to high- ground ice content permafrost in moderately sloping terrain. In the Fish Creek watershed, beaded streams accounted for half of the drainage density, occurring primarily as low-order channels initiating from lakes and drained lake basins. Beaded streams predictably transition to alluvial channels with increasing drainage area and decreasing channel slope, although this transition is modified by local controls on water and sediment delivery. Comparison of one beaded channel using repeat photography between 1948 and 2013 indicate a relatively stable landform and 14C dating of basal sediments suggest channel formation may be as early as the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Contemporary processes, such as deep snow accumulation in riparian zones effectively insulates channel ice and allows for perennial liquid water below most beaded stream pools. Because of this, mean annual temperatures in pool beds are greater than 2&deg;C, leading to the development of perennial thaw bulbs or taliks underlying these thermokarst features. In the summer, some pools thermally stratify, which reduces permafrost thaw and maintains coldwater habitats. Snowmelt generated peak-flows decrease rapidly by two or more orders of magnitude to summer low flows with slow reach-scale velocity distributions ranging from 0.1 to 0.01 m/s, yet channel runs still move water rapidly between pools. The repeating spatial pattern associated with beaded stream morphology and hydrological dynamics may provide abundant and optimal foraging habitat for fish. Thus, beaded streams may create important ecosystem functions and habitat in many permafrost landscapes and their distribution and dynamics are only beginning to be recognized in Arctic research.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-12-29-2015","collaboration":"Christopher Arp; Guido Grosse; Ben Gaglioti, Matthew Whitman, Kurt Heim","usgsCitation":"Arp, C.D., Whitman, M.S., Jones, B.M., Grosse, G., Gaglioti, B.V., and Heim, K.C., 2015, Distribution and biophysical processes of beaded streams in Arctic permafrost landscapes: Biogeosciences, v. 12, p. 29-47, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-29-2015.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"47","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051327","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-29-2015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297460,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -165.41015625,\n              71.85622888185527\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.80078125,\n              70.4367988185464\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.15234374999997,\n              59.445075099047166\n            ],\n            [\n              -173.14453125,\n              51.28940590271679\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.41015625,\n              71.85622888185527\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a6de4b08de9379b3053","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arp, Christopher D.","contributorId":17330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arp","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitman, Matthew S.","contributorId":67961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitman","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grosse, Guido","contributorId":101475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"Guido","affiliations":[{"id":34291,"text":"University of Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gaglioti, Benjamin V. 0000-0003-0591-5253 bgaglioti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-5253","contributorId":4521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaglioti","given":"Benjamin","email":"bgaglioti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heim, Kurt C.","contributorId":138832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heim","given":"Kurt","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70138812,"text":"70138812 - 2015 - Storage and release of organic carbon from glaciers and ice sheets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T18:05:42","indexId":"70138812","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-22T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Storage and release of organic carbon from glaciers and ice sheets","docAbstract":"<p><span>Polar ice sheets and mountain glaciers, which cover roughly 11% of the Earth's land surface, store organic carbon from local and distant sources and then release it to downstream environments. Climate-driven changes to glacier runoff are expected to be larger than climate impacts on other components of the hydrological cycle, and may represent an important flux of organic carbon. A compilation of published data on dissolved organic carbon from glaciers across five continents reveals that mountain and polar glaciers represent a quantitatively important store of organic carbon. The Antarctic Ice Sheet is the repository of most of the roughly 6 petagrams (Pg) of organic carbon stored in glacier ice, but the annual release of glacier organic carbon is dominated by mountain glaciers in the case of dissolved organic carbon and the Greenland Ice Sheet in the case of particulate organic carbon. Climate change contributes to these fluxes: approximately 13% of the annual flux of glacier dissolved organic carbon is a result of glacier mass loss. These losses are expected to accelerate, leading to a cumulative loss of roughly 15 teragrams (Tg) of glacial dissolved organic carbon by 2050 due to climate change &mdash; equivalent to about half of the annual flux of dissolved organic carbon from the Amazon River. Thus, glaciers constitute a key link between terrestrial and aquatic carbon fluxes, and will be of increasing importance in land-to-ocean fluxes of organic carbon in glacierized regions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/ngeo2331","usgsCitation":"Hood, E., Battin, T.J., Fellman, J., O’Neel, S., and Spencer, R., 2015, Storage and release of organic carbon from glaciers and ice sheets: Nature Geoscience, v. 8, p. 91-96, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2331.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"96","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055770","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/208595","text":"External Repository"},{"id":297456,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ab8e4b08de9379b31a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hood, Eran","contributorId":106802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hood","given":"Eran","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Battin, Tom J.","contributorId":51661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battin","given":"Tom","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fellman, Jason","contributorId":138836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fellman","given":"Jason","affiliations":[{"id":12538,"text":"Environmental Science and Geography Program, University of Alaska Southeast","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spencer, Robert G. M.","contributorId":28866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"Robert G. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70193429,"text":"70193429 - 2015 - Timelines and mechanisms of wildlife population recovery following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-23T07:00:58","indexId":"70193429","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5536,"text":"Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Timelines and mechanisms of wildlife population recovery following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill","docAbstract":"<p>In March 1989, the T/V Exxon Valdez ran aground in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska and spilled an estimated 42 million liters of crude oil (Wolfe et al. 1994). This oil subsequently spread over more than 26,000 km2 of water surface in PWS and the Gulf of Alaska and landed on more than 1000 km of shoreline (Spies et al. 1996, Short et al. 2004; see Fig. 1 in Esler et al., this report). Initial consequences for wildlife were immediate and obvious, Mortalities due to oil in the weeks following the spill were estimated to be in the hundreds of thousands of marine birds (Piatt et al. 1990), several thousand sea otters (Garrott et al. 1993, Ballachey et al. 1994), significant proportions of resident (33%) and transient (41%) pods of killer whales (Matkin et al. 2008), and varying numbers of a wide assortment of other wildlife species. These levels of mortality are consistent with expectations, given the amount of oil spilled, the size of the oil-affected area, the abundance of wildlife in the area, and the known toxic and thermoregulatory consequences of exposure to oil, particularly in cold-water environments. Other effects of oil spills on wildlife, including chronic or indirect effects, were not fully understood, recognized, or anticipated at the time of the Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS) (Peterson et al. 2003, Rice 2009). Thanks in large part to settlement funds managed by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council (EVOSTC), including that for Gulf Watch Alaska in recent years, a considerable body of research has addressed wildlife recovery from the spill. This has allowed for an unprecedented and thorough understanding of the timelines and mechanisms of population recovery following catastrophic spills. In this document, we review the timelines and processes of recovery of wildlife from the EVOS. We alsoconsider factors that result in variation in recovery times across species, and present recent data for two species that showed protracted recovery related to exposure from lingering oil, the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) and harlequin duck (Histrionicus histrionicus).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.04.007","usgsCitation":"Esler, D., Bodkin, J.L., Ballachey, B.E., Monson, D., Kloecker, K.A., and Esslinger, G.G., 2015, Timelines and mechanisms of wildlife population recovery following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, p. 5-6-5-17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.04.007.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"5-6","endPage":"5-17","ipdsId":"IP-060491","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.04.007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":350047,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Northern Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.8955078125,\n              57.27904276497778\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.72265625,\n              57.27904276497778\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.72265625,\n              62.1655019058381\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.8955078125,\n              62.1655019058381\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.8955078125,\n              57.27904276497778\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60febde4b06e28e9c25343","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":719008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monson, Daniel 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":196670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kloecker, Kimberly A. 0000-0002-2461-968X kkloecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-968X","contributorId":3442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloecker","given":"Kimberly","email":"kkloecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Esslinger, George G. 0000-0002-3459-0083 gesslinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-0083","contributorId":131009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esslinger","given":"George","email":"gesslinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70115605,"text":"70115605 - 2015 - Mineral evolution and Earth history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-16T15:28:51","indexId":"70115605","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-16T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral evolution and Earth history","docAbstract":"<p><span>The field of mineral evolution&mdash;a merger of mineralogy and Earth history&mdash;coalesced in 2008 with the first of several global syntheses by Robert Hazen and coworkers in the&nbsp;</span><i>American Mineralogist.</i><span>&nbsp;They showed that the cumulative abundance of mineral species has a stepwise trend with first appearances tied to various transitions in Earth history such as the end of planetary accretion at ca. 4.55 Ga and the onset of bio-mediated mineralogy at ca. &gt;2.5 Ga. A global age distribution is best established for zircon. Observed abundance of zircon fluctuates through more than an order of magnitude during successive supercontinent cycles. The pulse of the Earth is also recorded, albeit imperfectly, by the&nbsp;</span><span>87</span><span>Sr/</span><span>86</span><span>Sr composition of marine biogenic calcite; the Sr-isotopic ratio of this mineral reflects the balance of inputs of primitive strontium at mid-ocean ridges and evolved strontium that drains off the continents. A global mineral evolution database, currently in the works, will greatly facilitate the compilation and analysis of extant data and the expansion of research in mineralogy outside its traditional bounds and into more interdisciplinary realms.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/am-2015-5101","usgsCitation":"Bradley, D., 2015, Mineral evolution and Earth history: American Mineralogist, v. 100, no. 1, p. 4-5, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2015-5101.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057652","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","volume":"100","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a98e4b08de9379b3126","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70121186,"text":"70121186 - 2015 - Implications of the circumpolar genetic structure of polar bears for their conservation in a rapidly warming Arctic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:04:43","indexId":"70121186","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-13T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of the circumpolar genetic structure of polar bears for their conservation in a rapidly warming Arctic","docAbstract":"<p><span>We provide an expansive analysis of polar bear (</span><i>Ursus maritimus</i><span>) circumpolar genetic variation during the last two decades of decline in their sea-ice habitat. We sought to evaluate whether their genetic diversity and structure have changed over this period of habitat decline, how their current genetic patterns compare with past patterns, and how genetic demography changed with ancient fluctuations in climate. Characterizing their circumpolar genetic structure using microsatellite data, we defined four clusters that largely correspond to current ecological and oceanographic factors: Eastern Polar Basin, Western Polar Basin, Canadian Archipelago and Southern Canada. We document evidence for recent (ca. last 1&ndash;3 generations) directional gene flow from Southern Canada and the Eastern Polar Basin towards the Canadian Archipelago, an area hypothesized to be a future refugium for polar bears as climate-induced habitat decline continues. Our data provide empirical evidence in support of this hypothesis. The direction of current gene flow differs from earlier patterns of gene flow in the Holocene. From analyses of mitochondrial DNA, the Canadian Archipelago cluster and the Barents Sea subpopulation within the Eastern Polar Basin cluster did not show signals of population expansion, suggesting these areas may have served also as past interglacial refugia. Mismatch analyses of mitochondrial DNA data from polar and the paraphyletic brown bear (</span><i>U. arctos</i><span>) uncovered offset signals in timing of population expansion between the two species, that are attributed to differential demographic responses to past climate cycling. Mitogenomic structure of polar bears was shallow and developed recently, in contrast to the multiple clades of brown bears. We found no genetic signatures of recent hybridization between the species in our large, circumpolar sample, suggesting that recently observed hybrids represent localized events. Documenting changes in subpopulation connectivity will allow polar nations to proactively adjust conservation actions to continuing decline in sea-ice habitat.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0112021","usgsCitation":"Peacock, E.L., Sonsthagen, S.A., Obbard, M.E., Boltunov, A.N., Regehr, E.V., Ovsyanikov, N., Aars, J., Atkinson, S.N., Sage, G.K., Hope, A.G., Zeyl, E., Bachmann, L., Ehrich, D., Scribner, K.T., Amstrup, S.C., Belikov, S., Born, E.W., Derocher, A.E., Stirling, I., Taylor, M.K., Wiig, Ø., Paetkau, D., and Talbot, S.L., 2015, Implications of the circumpolar genetic structure of polar bears for their conservation in a rapidly warming Arctic: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 1, e112021; 30 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112021.","productDescription":"e112021; 30 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051731","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297194,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Arctic","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -172.96875,\n              45.336701909968106\n            ],\n            [\n              -172.96875,\n              85.02070774312594\n            ],\n            [\n              180.703125,\n              85.02070774312594\n            ],\n            [\n              180.703125,\n              45.336701909968106\n            ],\n            [\n              -172.96875,\n              45.336701909968106\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a88e4b08de9379b30d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peacock, Elizabeth L. 0000-0001-7279-0329 lpeacock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7279-0329","contributorId":3361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peacock","given":"Elizabeth","email":"lpeacock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Obbard, Martyn E.","contributorId":108002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Obbard","given":"Martyn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6780,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boltunov, Andrei N.","contributorId":98682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boltunov","given":"Andrei","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Regehr, Eric V. 0000-0003-4487-3105","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-3105","contributorId":66364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regehr","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. 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