The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity investigated four rocks, informally dubbed Barberton, Santa Catarina, Santorini, and Kasos, that are possible stony meteorites. Their chemical and mineralogical composition is similar to the howardite, eucrite, and diogenite group but with additional metal, similar to mesosiderite silicate clasts. Because of their virtually identical composition and because they appear to represent a relatively rare group of meteorites, they are probably paired. The four rocks were investigated serendipitously several kilometers apart, suggesting that Opportunity is driving across a larger population of similar rock fragments, maybe a meteorite strewn field. Small amounts of ferric Fe are a result of weathering. We did not observe evidence for fusion crusts. Four iron meteorites were found across the same area. Although mesosiderites are stony irons, a genetic link to these irons is unlikely. The stony meteorites probably fell later than the irons. The current atmosphere is sufficiently dense to land such meteorites at shallow entry angles, and it would disperse fragments over several kilometers upon atmospheric breakup. Alternatively, dispersion by spallation from an impacting meteoroid may have occurred. Santa Catarina and a large accumulation of similar rocks were found at the rim of Victoria crater. It is possible that they are associated with the impactor that created Victoria crater, but our limited knowledge about their distribution cannot exclude mere coincidence.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010JE003616","usgsCitation":"Schroder, C., Herkenhoff, K.E., Farrand, W., Chappelow, J.E., Wang, W., Nittler, L., Ashley, J.W., Fleischer, I., Gellert, R., Golombek, M., Johnson, J.R., Klingelhoefer, G., Li, R., Morris, R., and Squyres, S.W., 2010, Properties and distribution of paired candidate stony meteorites at Meridiani Planum: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 115, no. E7, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003616.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010je003616","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":359594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Meridiani Planum, Mars","volume":"115","issue":"E7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bf52b6be4b045bfcae28018","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroder, Christian","contributorId":210745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schroder","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27418,"text":"Department of Hydrology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, 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Jeffrey R.","contributorId":200393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":751646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Klingelhoefer, G.","contributorId":29177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klingelhoefer","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":751647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Li, Ron","contributorId":210748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Ron","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":751648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Morris, Richard V.","contributorId":167513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morris","given":"Richard V.","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Squyres, Steven W.","contributorId":10537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":751650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":98465,"text":"ds504 - 2010 - Groundwater-quality data in the South Coast Range-Coastal study unit, 2008: Results from the California GAMA Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-19T21:06:01.109593","indexId":"ds504","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"504","title":"Groundwater-quality data in the South Coast Range-Coastal study unit, 2008: Results from the California GAMA Program","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the approximately 766-square-mile South Coast Range–Coastal (SCRC) study unit was investigated from May to December 2008, as part of the Priority Basins Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Priority Basins Project was developed in response to legislative mandates (Supplemental Report of the 1999 Budget Act 1999-00 Fiscal Year; and, the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 [Sections 10780-10782.3 of the California Water Code, Assembly Bill 599]) to assess and monitor the quality of groundwater in California, and is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB). The SCRC study unit was the 25th study unit to be sampled as part of the GAMA Priority Basins Project.
The SCRC study unit was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of untreated groundwater quality in the primary aquifer systems and to facilitate statistically consistent comparisons of untreated groundwater quality throughout California. The primary aquifer systems (hereinafter referred to as primary aquifers) were defined as that part of the aquifer corresponding to the perforation interval of wells listed in the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database for the SCRC study unit. The quality of groundwater in shallow or deep water-bearing zones may differ from the quality of groundwater in the primary aquifers; shallow groundwater may be more vulnerable to surficial contamination. In the SCRC study unit, groundwater samples were collected from 70 wells in two study areas (Basins and Uplands) in Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo Counties. Fifty-five of the wells were selected using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study unit (grid wells), and 15 wells were selected to aid in evaluation of specific water-quality issues (understanding wells). In addition to the 70 wells sampled, 3 surface-water samples were collected in streams near 2 of the sampled wells in order to better comprehend the interaction between groundwater and surface water in the area.
The groundwater samples were analyzed for organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOC], pesticides and pesticide degradates, polar pesticides and metabolites, and pharmaceutical compounds), constituents of special interest (perchlorate, N-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA], and 1,2,3-TCP), naturally occurring inorganic constituents (trace elements, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon [DOC], major and minor ions, silica, total dissolved solids [TDS], and alkalinity), and radioactive constituents (gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity). Naturally occurring isotopes (stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water, stable isotopes of nitrogen and oxygen in dissolved nitrate, stable isotopes of sulfur in dissolved sulfate, stable isotopes of carbon in dissolved inorganic carbon, activities of tritium, and carbon-14 abundance), and dissolved gases (including noble gases) also were measured to help identify the sources and ages of the sampled groundwater. In total, 298 constituents and field water-quality indicators were investigated. Three types of quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, and matrix-spikes) were collected at approximately 3 to 12 percent of the wells in the SCRC study unit, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the groundwater samples. Field blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that contamination from sample collection procedures was not a significant source of bias in the data for the groundwater samples. Differences between replicate samples generally were less than 10 percent relative and/or standard deviation, indicating acceptable analytical reproducibility. Matrix-spike recoveries were within the acceptable range (70 to 130 percent) for approximately 84 percent of the compounds.
This study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of drinking water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, untreated groundwater typically is treated, disinfected, and/or blended with other waters to maintain water quality. Regulatory thresholds apply to water that is served to the consumer, not to untreated groundwater. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the untreated groundwater were compared with regulatory and non-regulatory health-based thresholds established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and CDPH, and to non-regulatory thresholds established for aesthetic concerns by CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and thresholds for drinking water are for illustrative purposes only and are not indicative of compliance or noncompliance with those thresholds. Most organic and inorganic constituents that were detected in groundwater samples from the 55 grid wells in the SCRC study unit were detected at concentrations less than drinking-water thresholds. In addition, all detections of organic constituents in SCRC grid well samples were less than health-based thresholds. In total, VOCs were detected in 33 percent of the 55 grid wells sampled and pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected in 27 percent of grid wells sampled in the SCRC study unit. In the Basins study area, VOCs and pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected in approximately 33 percent of the 39 grid wells. In the Uplands study area, VOCs were detected in approximately 31 percent and pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected in approximately 13 percent of the 16 grid wells. Trace elements and minor ions were sampled for at 32 grid wells and nutrients at 33 grid wells in the SCRC study unit, and most detections were less than health-based thresholds. Exceptions in the Basins study area include one detection of arsenic greater than the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL-US) of 10 µg/L and three detections of nitrite plus nitrate, as nitrogen (NO2-+NO3-) greater than the MCL-US of 10 mg/L. Exceptions in the Uplands study area include two detections of arsenic greater than the MCL-US and eight detections of molybdenum greater than the USEPA lifetime health advisory level (HAL-US) of 40 µg/L. All detections of major and minor ions and gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity from the SCRC grid wells were less than health-based thresholds.
Results for trace elements, major ions, and TDS with non-enforceable thresholds set for aesthetic concerns from 16 Basins study area grid wells showed that iron concentrations greater than the CDPH secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL-CA) of 300 µg/L were detected in grid wells. Manganese concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA of 50 µg/L were detected in six grid wells.
Chloride concentrations greater than the recommended SMCL-CA threshold of 250 mg/L were detected in one grid well. Sulfate concentrations greater than the recommended SMCL-CA threshold of 250 mg/L were measured in 12 grid wells and 3 of these wells also were greater than the upper SMCL-CA threshold of 500 mg/L. TDS concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA recommended threshold of 500 mg/L were measured in 14 of the 16 Basins study area grid wells and concentrations in 5 of these wells also were greater than the SMCL-CA upper threshold of 1,000 mg/L.
In the Uplands study area, iron concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA were detected in 2 of 16 grid wells and manganese concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA were detected in 3 grid wells. TDS and sulfate concentrations greater than the recommended SMCL-CA thresholds were detected in 11 and 2 grid wells, respectively, but none of these concentrations were greater than the SMCL-CA upper thresholds.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds504","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Mathany, T., Burton, C., Land, M., and Belitz, K., 2010, Groundwater-quality data in the South Coast Range-Coastal study unit, 2008: Results from the California GAMA Program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 504, x, 106 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds504.","productDescription":"x, 106 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_504.jpg"},{"id":404083,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93305.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13750,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/504/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South Coast Range-Coastal study unit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.9056,\n 35.350\n ],\n [\n -119.8,\n 35.350\n ],\n [\n -119.8,\n 34.5417\n ],\n [\n -120.9056,\n 34.5417\n ],\n [\n -120.9056,\n 35.350\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db656bb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mathany, Timothy M. 0000-0002-4747-5113","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4747-5113","contributorId":99949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathany","given":"Timothy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Carmen A. 0000-0002-6381-8833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-8833","contributorId":41793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Carmen A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Land, Michael 0000-0001-5141-0307","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-0307","contributorId":56613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70177890,"text":"70177890 - 2010 - Volcano collapse promoted by progressive strength reduction: New data from Mount St. Helens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-26T12:54:54","indexId":"70177890","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-20T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcano collapse promoted by progressive strength reduction: New data from Mount St. Helens","docAbstract":"Rock shear strength plays a fundamental role in volcano flank collapse, yet pertinent data from modern collapse surfaces are rare. Using samples collected from the inferred failure surface of the massive 1980 collapse of Mount St. Helens (MSH), we determined rock shear strength via laboratory tests designed to mimic conditions in the pre-collapse edifice. We observed that the 1980 failure shear surfaces formed primarily in pervasively shattered older dome rocks; failure was not localized in sloping volcanic strata or in weak, hydrothermally altered rocks. Our test results show that rock shear strength under large confining stresses is reduced ∼20% as a result of large quasi-static shear strain, as preceded the 1980 collapse of MSH. Using quasi-3D slope-stability modeling, we demonstrate that this mechanical weakening could have provoked edifice collapse, even in the absence of transiently elevated pore-fluid pressures or earthquake ground shaking. Progressive strength reduction could promote collapses at other volcanic edifices.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International","doi":"10.1007/s00445-010-0377-4","usgsCitation":"Reid, M.E., Keith, T.E., Kayen, R.E., Iverson, N.R., Iverson, R.M., and Brien, D., 2010, Volcano collapse promoted by progressive strength reduction: New data from Mount St. Helens: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 72, no. 6, p. 761-766, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0377-4.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"761","endPage":"766","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-017065","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ge_at_pubs/272","text":"External Repository"},{"id":330411,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Saint Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.4920654296875,\n 45.9568782506322\n ],\n [\n -122.4920654296875,\n 46.449212403852584\n ],\n [\n -121.90704345703124,\n 46.449212403852584\n ],\n [\n -121.90704345703124,\n 45.9568782506322\n ],\n [\n -122.4920654296875,\n 45.9568782506322\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5811c0f5e4b0f497e79a5a93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, Mark E. 0000-0002-5595-1503 mreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-1503","contributorId":1167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Mark","email":"mreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keith, Terry E.C.","contributorId":79099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kayen, Robert E. 0000-0002-0356-072X rkayen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0356-072X","contributorId":140764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"Robert","email":"rkayen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iverson, Neal R.","contributorId":176272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iverson","given":"Neal","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brien, Dianne dbrien@usgs.gov","contributorId":176271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brien","given":"Dianne","email":"dbrien@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70156404,"text":"70156404 - 2010 - A geochemical module for \"AMDTreat\" to compute caustic quantity, effluent quantity, and sludge volume","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-26T16:05:56.520884","indexId":"70156404","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A geochemical module for \"AMDTreat\" to compute caustic quantity, effluent quantity, and sludge volume","docAbstract":"Treatment with caustic chemicals typically is used to increase pH and decrease concentrations of dissolved aluminum, iron, and/or manganese in largevolume, metal-laden discharges from active coal mines. Generally, aluminum and iron can be removed effectively at near-neutral pH (6 to 8), whereas active manganese removal requires treatment to alkaline pH (~10). The treatment cost depends on the specific chemical used (NaOH, CaO, Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3, or NH3) and increases with the quantities of chemical added and sludge produced. The pH and metals concentrations do not change linearly with the amount of chemical added. Consequently, the amount of caustic chemical needed to achieve a target pH and the corresponding effluent composition and sludge volume can not be accurately determined without empirical titration data or the application of geochemical models to simulate the titration of the discharge water with caustic chemical(s). The AMDTreat computer program (http://amd.osmre.gov/ ) is widely used to compute costs for treatment of coal-mine drainage. Although AMDTreat can use results of empirical titration with industrial grade caustic chemicals to compute chemical costs for treatment of net-acidic or net-alkaline mine drainage, such data are rarely available. To improve the capability of AMDTreat to estimate (1) the quantity and cost of caustic chemicals to attain a target pH, (2) the concentrations of dissolved metals in treated effluent, and (3) the volume of sludge produced by the treatment, a titration simulation is being developed using the geochemical program PHREEQC (wwwbrr.cr.usgs.gov/projects/GWC_coupled/phreeqc/) that will be coupled as a module to AMDTreat. The simulated titration results can be compared with or used in place of empirical titration data to estimate chemical quantities and costs. This paper describes the development, evaluation, and potential utilization of the PHREEQC titration module for AMDTreat.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Joint Mining Reclamation Conference 2010: 27th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation, 12th Annual Pennsylvania Abandoned Mine Reclamation Conference and 4th Annual Appalachian Regional Reforestation Initiative Mined Land Reforestation Conference, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, 5-11 June 2010","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Joint Mining Reclamation Conference 2010","conferenceDate":"June 5-11 2010","conferenceLocation":"Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mining and Reclamation","doi":"10.21000/JASMR10011413","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C.A., Parkhurst, D.L., Means, B.P., McKenzie, B., Morris, H., and Arthur, B., 2010, A geochemical module for \"AMDTreat\" to compute caustic quantity, effluent quantity, and sludge volume, in Joint Mining Reclamation Conference 2010: 27th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation, 12th Annual Pennsylvania Abandoned Mine Reclamation Conference and 4th Annual Appalachian Regional Reforestation Initiative Mined Land Reforestation Conference, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, 5-11 June 2010, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 5-11 2010, p. 1413-1436, https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR10011413.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1413","endPage":"1436","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025619","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.21000/jasmr10011413","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311400,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"\"Cal Pike\" coal mine, Western Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.6341552734375,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -78.22265625,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -78.22265625,\n 41.96357478222518\n ],\n [\n -80.6341552734375,\n 41.96357478222518\n ],\n [\n -80.6341552734375,\n 39.70718665682654\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564b0c3de4b0ebfbef0d3126","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. III, 0000-0003-3116-4684 cravotta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":2193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles","suffix":"III,","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Means, Brent P","contributorId":140842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Means","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"P","affiliations":[{"id":13592,"text":"US Office of Surface Mining","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKenzie, Bob","contributorId":146810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Bob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morris, Harry","contributorId":146811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morris","given":"Harry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arthur, Bill","contributorId":146812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arthur","given":"Bill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70176786,"text":"70176786 - 2010 - When parasites become prey: ecological and epidemiological significance of eating parasites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T10:33:03","indexId":"70176786","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3653,"text":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"When parasites become prey: ecological and epidemiological significance of eating parasites","docAbstract":"Recent efforts to include parasites in food webs have drawn attention to a previously ignored facet of foraging ecology: parasites commonly function as prey within ecosystems. Because of the high productivity of parasites, their unique nutritional composition and their pathogenicity in hosts, their consumption affects both food-web topology and disease risk in humans and wildlife. Here, we evaluate the ecological, evolutionary and epidemiological significance of feeding on parasites, including concomitant predation, grooming, predation on free-living stages and intraguild predation. Combining empirical data and theoretical models, we show that consumption of parasites is neither rare nor accidental, and that it can sharply affect parasite transmission and food web properties. Broader consideration of predation on parasites will enhance our understanding of disease control, food web structure and energy transfer, and the evolution of complex life cycles.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cell Press","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2010.01.005","usgsCitation":"Johnson, P.T., Dobson, A.P., Lafferty, K.D., Marcogliese, D.J., Memmott, J., Orlofske, S.A., Poulin, R., and Thieltges, D.W., 2010, When parasites become prey: ecological and epidemiological significance of eating parasites: Trends in Ecology and Evolution, v. 25, no. 6, p. 362-371, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2010.01.005.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"362","endPage":"371","ipdsId":"IP-016988","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329348,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8150e4b0824b2d1480ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Pieter T.J.","contributorId":28508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Pieter","email":"","middleInitial":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dobson, Andrew P.","contributorId":63693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobson","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marcogliese, David J.","contributorId":175161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marcogliese","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Memmott, Jane","contributorId":175162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Memmott","given":"Jane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Orlofske, Sarah A.","contributorId":175163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orlofske","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Poulin, Robert","contributorId":106813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulin","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Thieltges, David W.","contributorId":56163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieltges","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70148694,"text":"70148694 - 2010 - Conservation genetics of the alligator snapping turtle: cytonuclear evidence of range-wide bottleneck effects and unusually pronounced geographic structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T13:28:44","indexId":"70148694","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation genetics of the alligator snapping turtle: cytonuclear evidence of range-wide bottleneck effects and unusually pronounced geographic structure","docAbstract":"A previous mtDNA study indicated that female-mediated gene flow was extremely rare among alligator snapping turtle populations in different drainages of the Gulf of Mexico. In this study, we used variation at seven microsatellite DNA loci to assess the possibility of male-mediated gene flow, we augmented the mtDNA survey with additional sampling of the large Mississippi River System, and we evaluated the hypothesis that the consistently low within-population mtDNA diversity reflects past population bottlenecks. The results show that dispersal between drainages of the Gulf of Mexico is rare (F STmsat = 0.43, ΦSTmtDNA = 0.98). Past range-wide bottlenecks are indicated by several genetic signals, including low diversity for microsatellites (1.1–3.9 alleles/locus; H e = 0.06–0.53) and mtDNA (h = 0.00 for most drainages; π = 0.000–0.001). Microsatellite data reinforce the conclusion from mtDNA that the Suwannee River population might eventually be recognized as a distinct taxonomic unit. It was the only population showing fixation or near fixation for otherwise rare microsatellite alleles. Six evolutionarily significant units are recommended on the basis of reciprocal mtDNA monophyly and high levels of microsatellite DNA divergence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-009-9966-1","usgsCitation":"Echelle, A., Hackler, J., Lack, J., Ballard, S.R., Roman, J., Fox, S.F., Leslie, D.M., and Van Den Bussche, R.A., 2010, Conservation genetics of the alligator snapping turtle: cytonuclear evidence of range-wide bottleneck effects and unusually pronounced geographic structure: Conservation Genetics, v. 11, no. 4, p. 1375-1387, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-009-9966-1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1375","endPage":"1387","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-013033","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305542,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.537109375,\n 28.613459424004414\n ],\n [\n -95.537109375,\n 34.08906131584996\n ],\n [\n -82.24365234375,\n 34.08906131584996\n ],\n [\n -82.24365234375,\n 28.613459424004414\n ],\n [\n -95.537109375,\n 28.613459424004414\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950f2ee4b0b6d21dd6cbdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Echelle, A.A.","contributorId":61981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echelle","given":"A.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hackler, J.C.","contributorId":105835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackler","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lack, Justin B.","contributorId":82038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lack","given":"Justin B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ballard, S. R.","contributorId":145446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballard","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roman, J.","contributorId":145447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fox, S. F.","contributorId":100984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr. 0000-0002-3884-1484 cleslie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-1484","contributorId":2483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David","suffix":"Jr.","email":"cleslie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":549061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Van Den Bussche, Ronald A.","contributorId":41121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Den Bussche","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70175146,"text":"70175146 - 2010 - Limiting factors of five rare plant species in mesic forests of Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T13:26:03","indexId":"70175146","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-20T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"HCSU-015","title":"Limiting factors of five rare plant species in mesic forests of Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park","docAbstract":"Five rare or endangered plant species native to Kīpuka Puaulu and Kīpuka Kī were studied for two years to determine their stand structure, patterns of reproductive phenology, success of fruit production, potential pollinators, greenhouse seed germination rates, presence of soil seed banks, impacts of seed-predating rats, seed predation by insects, seedling predation by Kalij pheasant (Lophura leucomelanos), and seedling survival with different treatments. Species monitored were the trees Hibiscadelphus giffardianus (hau kuahiwi), Melicope hawaiensis (manena), M. zahlbruckneri (alani), and Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum (kāwa`u), and the vine Sicyos macrophyllus (`ānunu).
\nLimiting factors identified for H. giffardianus were rat predation of seeds, bark-stripping, low fruit production likely resulting from the inter-relatedness of the planted population, and loss of original pollinators. For M. hawaiensis, rat and native insect predation of seeds limited the number of seeds available, and natural seedling recruitment was very low. Pollination was effected by an alien insect species. For M. zahlbruckneri, native insect predation and rat depredation greatly reduced the number of seeds available for germination. The low proportion of flowers that became fruit indicated a lack of successful pollination or self-incompatibility. For S. macrophyllus, rat predation of seeds on the ground and in the seed bank reduced the number of seeds available for natural regeneration. Alien grasses were suspected to limit seedling recruitment. Most floral visitors were alien insect species. Seedling recruitment appeared to be the most vulnerable life stage for Z. dipetalum var. dipetalum. Both alien Kalij pheasants and unknown insect species were implicated as seedling predators/herbivores.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawaii at Hilo","publisherLocation":"Hilo, HI","usgsCitation":"Pratt, L.W., VanDeMark, J.R., and Euaparadorn, M., 2010, Limiting factors of five rare plant species in mesic forests of Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park: Technical Report HCSU-015, viii, 140p.","productDescription":"viii, 140p.","numberOfPages":"150","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-017847","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325867,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hawaii Volcanoes National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.27114868164062,\n 19.441989391028706\n ],\n [\n -155.313720703125,\n 19.41220201468123\n ],\n [\n -155.37551879882812,\n 19.368158505739157\n ],\n [\n -155.40573120117188,\n 19.296886457967965\n ],\n [\n -155.43731689453125,\n 19.216506191361127\n ],\n [\n -155.40435791015622,\n 19.186677697957833\n ],\n [\n -155.31097412109372,\n 19.21391262405755\n ],\n [\n -155.27938842773435,\n 19.2489223284628\n ],\n [\n -155.18325805664062,\n 19.235956641468505\n ],\n [\n -155.16128540039062,\n 19.251515342943254\n ],\n [\n -155.08712768554688,\n 19.281332062593734\n ],\n [\n -155.03631591796875,\n 19.32280716454424\n ],\n [\n -155.00335693359375,\n 19.370749630150478\n ],\n [\n -155.03494262695312,\n 19.429039028956183\n ],\n [\n -155.10086059570312,\n 19.458823317103146\n ],\n [\n -155.13381958007812,\n 19.45752846172972\n ],\n [\n -155.20660400390625,\n 19.43421929772404\n ],\n [\n -155.27114868164062,\n 19.441989391028706\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a072b6e4b060ce18fb2da9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pratt, Linda W. lpratt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Linda","email":"lpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":644090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"VanDeMark, Joshua R.","contributorId":120307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanDeMark","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Euaparadorn, Melody","contributorId":37240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euaparadorn","given":"Melody","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98403,"text":"sir20105028 - 2010 - Processes of Terrace Formation on the Piedmont of the Santa Cruz River Valley During Quaternary Time, Green Valley-Tubac Area, Southeastern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:52","indexId":"sir20105028","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5028","title":"Processes of Terrace Formation on the Piedmont of the Santa Cruz River Valley During Quaternary Time, Green Valley-Tubac Area, Southeastern Arizona","docAbstract":"In this report we describe a series of stepped Quaternary terraces on some piedmont tributaries of the Santa Cruz River valley in southeastern Arizona. These terraces began to form in early Pleistocene time, after major basin-and-range faulting ceased, with lateral planation of basin fill and deposition of thin fans of alluvium. At the end of this cycle of erosion and deposition, tributaries of the Santa Cruz River began the process of dissection and terrace formation that continues to the present. Vertical cutting alternated with periods of equilibrium, during which streams cut laterally and left thin deposits of channel fill. The distribution of terraces was mapped and compiled with adjacent mapping to produce a regional picture of piedmont stream history in the middle part of the Santa Cruz River valley. For selected tributaries, the thickness of terrace fill was measured, particle size and lithology of gravel were determined, and sedimentary features were photographed and described. Mapping of terrace stratigraphy revealed that on two tributaries, Madera Canyon Wash and Montosa Canyon Wash, stream piracy has played an important role in piedmont landscape development. On two other tributaries, Cottonwood Canyon Wash and Josephine Canyon Wash, rapid downcutting preempted piracy.\r\n\r\nTwo types of terraces are recognized: erosional and depositional. Gravel in thin erosional terraces has Trask sorting coefficients and sedimentary structures typical of streamflood deposits, replete with bar-and-swale surface topography on young terraces. Erosional-terrace fill represents the channel fill of the stream that cuts the terrace; the thickness of the fill indicates the depth of channel scour. In contrast to erosional terraces, depositional terraces show evidence of repeated deposition and net aggradation, as indicated by their thickness (as much as 20+ m) and weakly bedded structure. Depositional terraces are common below mountain-front canyon mouths where streams drop their load in response to abrupt flattening of gradients and expansion of channel banks, and they extend down the piedmont along Josephine Canyon Wash. Gravel in depositional terraces also has sorting coefficients typical of streamflood deposits. Sedimentary features in both types of terraces are consistent with deposition by flash floods in ephemeral streams, suggesting the climate was arid. Bedding and clast armor are weakly developed, clast clusters and imbrication are common, and crossbedding is generally absent. Debris-flow deposits, even near the mountain front, are surprisingly rare.\r\n\r\nOn the tectonically stable piedmont of southeastern Arizona, stream piracy and climate change are the most likely agents of terrace formation. Both piracy and climate change can cause rapid changes in discharge and sediment supply, which initiate cycles of incision, lateral cutting, and aggradation. Increased stream discharge initiates downcutting, but increased sediment supply interrupts downcutting and causes streams to cut laterally and aggrade. At times, on Madera Canyon Wash and Montosa Canyon Wash, stream piracy affected stream discharge and sediment supply, but on Cottonwood Canyon Wash and Josephine Canyon Wash, only climate change could have initiated terrace cutting. Terraces probably formed during extended arid intervals when sparse vegetation and flashy stream discharge combined to increase sediment supply. In most cases, sediment supply was sufficient to promote lateral cutting but not long-term aggradation. Thus, most streams formed erosional terraces. The middle Pleistocene Josephine Canyon Wash formed a depositional terrace because it had a source of abundant unconsolidated sediment. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105028","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, D.A., and Van Gosen, B.S., 2010, Processes of Terrace Formation on the Piedmont of the Santa Cruz River Valley During Quaternary Time, Green Valley-Tubac Area, Southeastern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5028, iv, 39 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105028.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5028.jpg"},{"id":13654,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5028/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.11749999999999,31.5 ], [ -111.11749999999999,31.8675 ], [ -110.86749999999999,31.8675 ], [ -110.86749999999999,31.5 ], [ -111.11749999999999,31.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e4f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsey, David A. 0000-0002-9466-0899 dlindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-0899","contributorId":773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"David","email":"dlindsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98388,"text":"sir20105076 - 2010 - Polychlorinated Biphenyls in suspended-sediment samples from outfalls to Meandering Road Creek at Air Force Plant 4, Fort Worth, Texas, 2003-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T16:32:48","indexId":"sir20105076","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5076","title":"Polychlorinated Biphenyls in suspended-sediment samples from outfalls to Meandering Road Creek at Air Force Plant 4, Fort Worth, Texas, 2003-08","docAbstract":"
Meandering Road Creek is an intermittent stream and tributary to Lake Worth, a reservoir on the West Fork Trinity River on the western edge of Fort Worth, Texas. U.S. Air Force Plant 4 (AFP4) is on the eastern shore of Woods Inlet, an arm of Lake Worth. Meandering Road Creek gains inflow from several stormwater outfalls as it flows across AFP4. Several studies have characterized polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the water and sediments of Lake Worth and Meandering Road Creek; sources of PCBs are believed to originate primarily from AFP4. Two previous U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) reports documented elevated PCB concentrations in surficial sediment samples from Woods Inlet relative to concentrations in surficial sediment samples from other parts of Lake Worth. The second of these two previous reports also identified some of the sources of PCBs to Lake Worth. These reports were followed by a third USGS report that documented the extent of PCB contamination in Meandering Road Creek and Woods Inlet and identified runoff from outfalls 4 and 5 at AFP4 as prominent sources of these PCBs. This report describes the results of a fourth study by the USGS, in cooperation with the Lockheed Martin Corporation, to investigate PCBs in suspended-sediment samples in storm runoff from outfalls 4 and 5 at AFP4 following the implementation of engineering controls designed to potentially alleviate PCB contamination in the drainage areas of these outfalls. Suspended-sediment samples collected from outfalls 4 and 5 during storms on March 2 and November 10, 2008, were analyzed for selected PCBs. Sums of concentrations of 18 reported PCB congeners (Sigma PCBc) in suspended-sediment samples collected before and after implementation of engineering controls are compared. At both outfalls, the Sigma PCBc before engineering controls was higher than the Sigma PCBc after engineering controls. The Sigma PCBc in suspended-sediment samples collected at AFP4 before and after implementation of engineering controls also is compared to the threshold effect concentration (TEC), the concentration below which adverse effects to benthic biota rarely occur. Sigma PCBc exceeded the TEC for 75 percent of the samples collected at outfall 4 and 67 percent of the samples collected at outfall 5 before the implementation of engineering controls. Sigma PCBc did not exceed the TEC in samples collected at either outfall 4 or outfall 5 after the implementation of engineering controls. The relative prominence of 10 selected PCB congeners was evaluated by graphical analysis of ratios of individual concentrations of the 10 PCB congeners to the sum of these PCB congeners. An overall decrease in concentrations of PCB congeners at outfalls 4 and 5 after implementation of engineering controls, as well as a shift in prominence from lighter, less chlorinated congeners to a heavier, more chlorinated congener might have resulted from the implementation of engineering controls. Because of the small number of samples collected and lack of runoff and precipitation data to evaluate comparability of sampling conditions before and after implementation of engineering controls, all conclusions are preliminary.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, Virginia","doi":"10.3133/sir20105076","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Lockheed Martin Corporation","usgsCitation":"Braun, C.L., and Wilson, J.T., 2010, Polychlorinated Biphenyls in suspended-sediment samples from outfalls to Meandering Road Creek at Air Force Plant 4, Fort Worth, Texas, 2003-08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5076, vi, 20 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105076.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-03-02","temporalEnd":"2010-11-10","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5076.jpg"},{"id":13639,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5076/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.45083333333334,32.75 ], [ -97.45083333333334,32.78388888888889 ], [ -97.40138888888889,32.78388888888889 ], [ -97.40138888888889,32.75 ], [ -97.45083333333334,32.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683992","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Braun, Christopher L. 0000-0002-5540-2854 clbraun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5540-2854","contributorId":925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"Christopher","email":"clbraun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Jennifer T. 0000-0003-4481-6354 jenwilso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-6354","contributorId":1782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Jennifer","email":"jenwilso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98383,"text":"ofr20101080 - 2010 - Chemistry of selected core samples, concentrate, tailings, and tailings pond waters: Pea Ridge iron (-lanthanide-gold) deposit, Washington County, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-10T19:06:01.12288","indexId":"ofr20101080","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1080","title":"Chemistry of selected core samples, concentrate, tailings, and tailings pond waters: Pea Ridge iron (-lanthanide-gold) deposit, Washington County, Missouri","docAbstract":"The Minerals at Risk and for Emerging Technologies Project of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Resources Program is examining potential sources of lanthanide elements (rare earth elements) as part of its objective to provide up-to-date geologic information regarding mineral commodities likely to have increased demand in the near term. As part of the examination effort, a short visit was made to the Pea Ridge iron (-lanthanide-gold) deposit, Washington County, Missouri in October 2008. The deposit, currently owned by Wings Enterprises, Inc. of St. Louis, Missouri (Wings), contains concentrations of lanthanides that may be economic as a primary product or as a byproduct of iron ore production. This report tabulates the results of chemical analyses of the Pea Ridge samples and compares rare earth elements contents for world class lanthanide deposits with those of the Pea Ridge deposit. The data presented for the Pea Ridge deposit are preliminary and include some company data that have not been verified by the USGS or by the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Land Survey (DGLS), Geological Survey Program (MGS). The inclusion of company data is for comparative purposes only and does not imply an endorsement by either the USGS or MGS.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101080","usgsCitation":"Grauch, R.I., Verplanck, P.L., Seeger, C.M., Budahn, J.R., and Van Gosen, B.S., 2010, Chemistry of selected core samples, concentrate, tailings, and tailings pond waters: Pea Ridge iron (-lanthanide-gold) deposit, Washington County, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1080, Report: iii, 15 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101080.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 15 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1080.jpg"},{"id":402064,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93118.htm"},{"id":13634,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1080/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","county":"Washington County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.0489,\n 38.1261\n ],\n [\n -91.0475,\n 38.1261\n ],\n [\n -91.0475,\n 38.1283\n ],\n [\n -91.0489,\n 38.1283\n ],\n [\n -91.0489,\n 38.1261\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dee4b07f02db5e280c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, Richard I. 0000-0002-1763-0813 rgrauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0813","contributorId":1193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"Richard","email":"rgrauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seeger, Cheryl M.","contributorId":63848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeger","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Budahn, James R. 0000-0001-9794-8882 jbudahn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":1175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"James","email":"jbudahn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70249656,"text":"70249656 - 2010 - Prevalence and pathology of West Nile virus in naturally infected house sparrows, western Nebraska, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-23T15:39:59.667993","indexId":"70249656","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-05T10:30:45","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":733,"text":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prevalence and pathology of West Nile virus in naturally infected house sparrows, western Nebraska, 2008","docAbstract":"Nestling birds are rarely sampled in the field for most arboviruses, yet they may be important in arbovirus amplification cycles. We sampled both nestling and adult house sparrows (Passer domesticus) in western Nebraska for West Nile virus (WNV) or WNV-specific antibodies throughout the summer of 2008 and describe pathology in naturally infected nestlings. Across the summer, 4% of nestling house sparrows were WNV-positive; for the month of August alone, 12.3% were positive. Two WNV-positive nestlings exhibited encephalitis, splenomegaly, hepatic necrosis, nephrosis, and myocarditis. One nestling sparrow had large mural thrombi in the atria and ventricle and immunohistochemical staining of WNV antigen in multiple organs including the wall of the aorta and pulmonary artery; cardiac insufficiency thus may have been a cause of death. Adult house sparrows showed an overall seroprevalence of 13.8% that did not change significantly across the summer months. The WNV-positive nestlings and the majority of seropositive adults were detected within separate spatial clusters. Nestling birds, especially those reared late in the summer when WNV activity is typically greatest, may be important in virus amplification.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0515","usgsCitation":"O’Brien, V.A., Meteyer, C.U., Reisen, W.K., Ip, S., and Brown, C., 2010, Prevalence and pathology of West Nile virus in naturally infected house sparrows, western Nebraska, 2008: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, v. 82, no. 5, p. 937-944, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0515.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"937","endPage":"944","ipdsId":"IP-016312","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2861390","text":"External Repository"},{"id":422040,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.93185034423988,\n 40.0445070368923\n ],\n [\n -99.5243839218179,\n 43.049246586620995\n ],\n [\n -104.02095371934607,\n 42.98002059962488\n ],\n [\n -104.05202291971409,\n 41.08407097056789\n ],\n [\n -102.02730676972192,\n 40.99850854550314\n ],\n [\n -101.96363883147666,\n 40.01945908281223\n ],\n [\n -98.93185034423988,\n 40.0445070368923\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Brien, Valerie A.","contributorId":331059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Valerie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meteyer, Carol U. 0000-0002-4007-3410 cmeteyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-3410","contributorId":127748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meteyer","given":"Carol","email":"cmeteyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reisen, William K.","contributorId":63142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisen","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":886622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ip, S. 0000-0003-4844-7533 hip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"S.","email":"hip@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Charles R.","contributorId":331061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Charles R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":886620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98359,"text":"sir20105023 - 2010 - Water Quality in the Equus Beds Aquifer and the Little Arkansas River Before Implementation of Large-Scale Artificial Recharge, South-Central Kansas, 1995-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"sir20105023","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5023","title":"Water Quality in the Equus Beds Aquifer and the Little Arkansas River Before Implementation of Large-Scale Artificial Recharge, South-Central Kansas, 1995-2005","docAbstract":"Artificial recharge of the Equus Beds aquifer using runoff from the Little Arkansas River in south-central Kansas was first proposed in 1956 and was one of many options considered by the city of Wichita to preserve its water supply. Declining aquifer water levels of as much as 50 feet exacerbated concerns about future water availability and enhanced migration of saltwater into the aquifer from past oil and gas activities near Burrton and from the Arkansas River. Because Wichita changed water-management strategies and decreased pumping from the Equus Beds aquifer in 1992, water storage in the aquifer recovered by about 50 percent. This recovery is the result of increased reliance on Cheney Reservoir for Wichita water supply, decreased aquifer pumping, and larger than normal precipitation. Accompanying the water-level recovery, the average water-level gradient in the aquifer decreased from about 12 feet per mile in 1992 to about 8 feet per mile in January 2006.\r\n\r\nAn important component of artificial recharge is the water quality of the receiving aquifer and the water being recharged (source water). Water quality within the Little Arkansas River was defined using data from two real-time surface-water-quality sites and discrete samples. Water quality in the Equus Beds aquifer was defined using sample analyses collected at 38 index sites, each with a well completed in the shallow and deep parts of the Equus Beds aquifer. In addition, data were collected at diversion well sites, recharge sites, background wells, and prototype wells for the aquifer storage and recovery project. Samples were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, trace metals, radionuclides, organic compounds, and bacterial and viral indicators.\r\n\r\nWater-quality constituents of concern for artificial recharge are those constituents that frequently (more than 5 percent of samples) may exceed Federal [U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)] and State drinking-water criteria in water samples from the receiving aquifer or in samples from the source water. Constituents of concern include major ions (sulfate and chloride), nutrients (nitrite plus nitrate), trace elements (arsenic, iron, and manganese), organic compounds (atrazine), and fecal bacterial indicators. This report describes the water quality in the Equus Beds aquifer and the Little Arkansas River from 1995 through 2005 before implementation of large-scale recharge activities.\r\n\r\nSulfate concentrations in water samples from the Little Arkansas River rarely exceeded Federal secondary drinking water regulation (SDWR) of 250 milligrams per liter (mg/L). Sulfate concentrations in groundwater were exceeded in about 18 percent of the wells in the shallow (less than or equal to 80 feet deep) parts of the aquifer and in about 13 percent of the wells in the deep parts the aquifer. Larger sulfate concentrations were associated with parts of the aquifer with the largest water-level declines. Water-quality changes in the Equus Beds aquifer likely were caused by dewatering and oxidation of aquifer material that subsequently resulted in increased sulfate concentrations as water levels recovered.\r\n\r\nThe primary sources of chloride to the Equus Beds aquifer are from past oil and gas activities near Burrton and from the Arkansas River. Computed chloride concentrations in the Little Arkansas River near Halstead exceeded the Federal SDWR of 250 mg/L about 27 percent of the time (primarily during low-flow conditions). Chloride concentrations in groundwater exceeded 250 mg/L in about 8 percent or less of the study area, primarily near Burrton and along the Arkansas River. Chloride in groundwater near Burrton has migrated downgradient about 3 miles during the past 40 to 45 years. The downward and horizontal migration of the chloride is controlled by the hydraulic gradient in the aquifer, dispersion of chloride, and discontinuous clay layers that can inhibit further downward migration. Chloride in the shallow parts of the Equus Beds","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105023","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Wichita, Kansas, as part of the Equus Beds Groundwater Recharge Project","usgsCitation":"Ziegler, A., Hansen, C.V., and Finn, D.A., 2010, Water Quality in the Equus Beds Aquifer and the Little Arkansas River Before Implementation of Large-Scale Artificial Recharge, South-Central Kansas, 1995-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5023, Report: vii, 143 p. ; oversized figure (PDF), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105023.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 143 p. ; oversized figure (PDF)","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5023.jpg"},{"id":13607,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5023/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.83333333333333,37.666666666666664 ], [ -97.83333333333333,38.333333333333336 ], [ -97.33333333333333,38.333333333333336 ], [ -97.33333333333333,37.666666666666664 ], [ -97.83333333333333,37.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd397","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ziegler, Andrew C. aziegler@usgs.gov","contributorId":433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Andrew C.","email":"aziegler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Cristi V. chansen@usgs.gov","contributorId":435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Cristi","email":"chansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finn, Daniel A.","contributorId":86064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70200011,"text":"70200011 - 2010 - Evaluating the behavior of gadolinium and other rare earth elements through large metropolitan sewage treatment plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T13:58:55.984265","indexId":"70200011","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-01T12:53:41","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the behavior of gadolinium and other rare earth elements through large metropolitan sewage treatment plants","docAbstract":"A primary pathway for emerging contaminants (pharmaceuticals, personal care products, steroids, and hormones) to enter aquatic ecosystems is effluent from sewage treatment plants (STP), and identifying technologies to minimize the amount of these contaminants released is important. Quantifying the flux of these contaminants through STPs is difficult. This study evaluates the behavior of gadolinium, a rare earth element (REE) utilized as a contrasting agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), through four full-scale metropolitan STPs that utilize several biosolids thickening, conditioning, stabilization, and dewatering processing technologies. The organically complexed Gd from MRIs has been shown to be stable in aquatic systems and has the potential to be utilized as a conservative tracer in STP operations to compare to an emerging contaminant of interest. Influent and effluent waters display large enrichments in Gd compared to other REEs. In contrast, most sludge samples from the STPs do not display Gd enrichments, including primary sludges and end-product sludges. The excess Gd appears to remain in the liquid phase throughout the STP operations, but detailed quantification of the input Gd load and residence times of various STP operations is needed to utilize Gd as a conservative tracer.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es903888t","usgsCitation":"Verplanck, P.L., Furlong, E.T., Gray, J.L., Phillips, P.J., Wolf, R.E., and Esposito, K., 2010, Evaluating the behavior of gadolinium and other rare earth elements through large metropolitan sewage treatment plants: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 10, p. 3876-3882, https://doi.org/10.1021/es903888t.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3876","endPage":"3882","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358249,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c715e4b034bf6a7f50c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, James L. 0000-0002-0807-5635 jlgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-5635","contributorId":1253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"James","email":"jlgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, Patrick J. 0000-0001-5915-2015 pjphilli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5915-2015","contributorId":172757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Patrick","email":"pjphilli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolf, Ruth E. rwolf@usgs.gov","contributorId":903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Ruth","email":"rwolf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Esposito, Kathleen","contributorId":21835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esposito","given":"Kathleen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":98339,"text":"sir20095264 - 2010 - Field Surveys of Rare Plants on Santa Cruz Island, California, 2003-2006: Historical Records and Current Distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"sir20095264","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5264","title":"Field Surveys of Rare Plants on Santa Cruz Island, California, 2003-2006: Historical Records and Current Distributions","docAbstract":"Santa Cruz Island is the largest of the northern Channel Islands located off the coast of California. It is owned and managed as a conservation reserve by The Nature Conservancy and the Channel Islands National Park. The island is home to nine plant taxa listed in 1997 as threatened or endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act, because of declines related to nearly 150 years of ranching on the island. Feral livestock were removed from the island as a major conservation step, which was part of a program completed in early 2007 with the eradication of pigs and turkeys. For the first time in more than a century, the rare plants of Santa Cruz Island have a chance to recover in the wild. This study provides survey information and living plant materials needed for recovery management of the listed taxa. We developed a database containing information about historical collections of the nine taxa and used it to plan a survey strategy. Our objectives were to relocate as many of the previously known populations as possible, with emphasis on documenting sites not visited in several decades, sites that were poorly documented in the historical record, and sites spanning the range of environmental conditions inhabited by the taxa. From 2003 through 2006, we searched for and found 39 populations of the taxa, indicating that nearly 80 percent of the populations known earlier in the 1900s still existed. Most populations are small and isolated, occupying native-dominated habitat patches in a highly fragmented and invaded landscape; they are still at risk of declining through population losses. Most are not expanding beyond the edges of their habitat patches. However, most taxa appeared to have good seed production and a range of size classes in populations, indicating a good capacity for plant recruitment and population growth in these restricted sites. For these taxa, seed collection and outplanting might be a good strategy to increase numbers of populations for species recovery. Several taxa have particular problems evidenced by lack of fruit set, very small population sizes, or unstable habitats. We collected seeds of all but two taxa for seed banking, and live cuttings of two clonal shrubs for cultivation at the Santa Barbara Botanic Garden. The survey data, seeds and cuttings provide a baseline and a foundation for planning, conducting, and tracking recovery of the nine federally listed plant taxa of Santa Cruz Island.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095264","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with La Luna Biological Consulting","usgsCitation":"McEachern, A.K., Chess, K., and Niessen, K., 2010, Field Surveys of Rare Plants on Santa Cruz Island, California, 2003-2006: Historical Records and Current Distributions: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5264, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095264.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5264.jpg"},{"id":13587,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5264/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"UniversalTransverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.95,33.916666666666664 ], [ -119.95,34.083333333333336 ], [ -119.5,34.083333333333336 ], [ -119.5,33.916666666666664 ], [ -119.95,33.916666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f59e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McEachern, A. Kathryn","contributorId":30165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kathryn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chess, Katherine A.","contributorId":76778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chess","given":"Katherine A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niessen, Ken","contributorId":93590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niessen","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98263,"text":"ofr20101051 - 2010 - Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Endangered Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in Relation to Environmental Variables in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: 2008 Annual Data Summary ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:45","indexId":"ofr20101051","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1051","title":"Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Endangered Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in Relation to Environmental Variables in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: 2008 Annual Data Summary ","docAbstract":"Lost River sucker (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris) were listed as endangered in 1988 for a variety of reasons including apparent recruitment failure. Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and its tributaries are considered the most critical remaining habitat for these two species. Age-0 suckers are often abundant in Upper Klamath Lake throughout the summer months, but catches decline dramatically between late August and early September each year and age-1 and older sub-adult suckers are rare. These rapid declines in catch rates and a lack of substantial recruitment into adult sucker populations in recent years suggests sucker populations experience high mortality between their first summer and first spawn. A lack of access to, or abundance of, optimal rearing habitat may exacerbate juvenile sucker mortality or restrict juvenile growth or development. \r\n\r\nSummer age-0 sucker habitat use and distribution has been studied extensively, but many uncertainties remain about age-1 and older juvenile habitat use, distribution, and movement patterns within Upper Klamath Lake. We designed a study to examine seasonal changes in distribution of age-1 suckers in Upper Klamath Lake as they relate to depth and water quality. In this document, which meets our annual data summary and reporting obligations, we discuss the results of our second annual spring and summer sampling effort. \r\n\r\nCatch data collected in 2007 and 2008 indicate seasonal changes in age-1 and older juvenile sucker habitat use coincident with changes in water quality, which were previously undocumented. In both years during April and May, age-1 and older juvenile suckers were found in shallow water environments. Then, as water temperatures began to warm throughout Upper Klamath Lake in June, age-1 and older juvenile suckers primarily were captured along the western shore in some of the deepest available environments. Following a dramatic decrease in dissolved oxygen concentrations in Eagle Ridge Trench, juvenile suckers were no longer found along the western shore but were captured throughout the rest of Upper Klamath Lake. When dissolved oxygen concentrations were 4 milligrams per liter or greater along the western shore, juvenile sucker captures were again concentrated in that area. Although this pattern indicates that low dissolved oxygen concentration or another related water-quality limitation may force juvenile suckers to leave the western shore, it is unclear as to why age-1 and older juveniles might be attracted to the area in the first place. Understanding this apparent behavior could be important to managing habitat for these species. \r\n\r\nIn this data summary, we also describe the distribution of catches of age-0 suckers and other fishes in Upper Klamath Lake. These data corroborate previous studies that describe age-0 sucker habitat as shallow relative to depths available in Upper Klamath Lake. In this study, we did not seek, nor find additional clarification on age-0 sucker habitat use and distribution in Upper Klamath Lake. Our brief description of the distribution and abundance of all other fish species caught provides a context in which to assess the rarity of juvenile suckers within the fish community of Upper Klamath Lake. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101051","usgsCitation":"Burdick, S.M., and VanderKooi, S., 2010, Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Endangered Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Suckers in Relation to Environmental Variables in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: 2008 Annual Data Summary : U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1051, vi, 36 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101051.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13516,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1051/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68561a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burdick, Summer M. 0000-0002-3480-5793 sburdick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-5793","contributorId":3448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"Summer","email":"sburdick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"VanderKooi, Scott P.","contributorId":106584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanderKooi","given":"Scott P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70043198,"text":"70043198 - 2010 - Seamount mineral deposits: A source of rare metals for high technology industries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-23T10:28:03","indexId":"70043198","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2929,"text":"Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seamount mineral deposits: A source of rare metals for high technology industries","docAbstract":"The near exponential growth in Earth’s population and the global economy puts increasing constraints on our planet’s finite supply of natural metal \nresources, and, consequently, there is an increasing need for new sources to supply high-tech industries. To date, effectively all of our raw-metal resources are produced at land-based sites. Except for nearshore placer deposits, the marine environment has been largely excluded from metal mining due to technological difficulties, even though it covers more than 70% of the planet. The case can be made that deep-water seabed mining is inevitable in the future, owing to the critical and strategic metal needs for human society. In this paper, we evaluate the case that seamounts offer significant potential for mining.","language":"English","publisher":"The Oceanography Society","publisherLocation":"Rockville, MD","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2010.70","issn":"10428275","usgsCitation":"Hein, J.R., Conrad, T., and Staudigel, H., 2010, Seamount mineral deposits: A source of rare metals for high technology industries: Oceanography, v. 23, no. 1, p. 184-189, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2010.70.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"184","endPage":"189","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-016104","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2010.70","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":268743,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51372210e4b02ab8869c0028","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":2828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conrad, Tracey A.","contributorId":52540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"Tracey A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Staudigel, Hubert","contributorId":31013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staudigel","given":"Hubert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98191,"text":"ds474 - 2010 - Groundwater-quality data in the Colorado River study unit, 2007: Results from the California GAMA Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-20T12:11:49.113236","indexId":"ds474","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"474","title":"Groundwater-quality data in the Colorado River study unit, 2007: Results from the California GAMA Program","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the 188-square-mile Colorado River Study unit (COLOR) was investigated October through December 2007 as part of the Priority Basin Project of the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Priority Basin Project was developed in response to the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is the technical project lead.
The Colorado River study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of the quality of raw groundwater used for public water supplies within COLOR, and to facilitate statistically consistent comparisons of groundwater quality throughout California. Samples were collected from 28 wells in three study areas in San Bernardino, Riverside, and Imperial Counties. Twenty wells were selected using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the Study unit; these wells are termed ‘grid wells’. Eight additional wells were selected to evaluate specific water-quality issues in the study area; these wells are termed ‘understanding wells.’
The groundwater samples were analyzed for organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOC], gasoline oxygenates and degradates, pesticides and pesticide degradates, pharmaceutical compounds), constituents of special interest (perchlorate, 1,4-dioxane, and 1,2,3-trichlorpropane [1,2,3-TCP]), naturally occurring inorganic constituents (nutrients, major and minor ions, and trace elements), and radioactive constituents. Concentrations of naturally occurring isotopes (tritium, carbon-14, and stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water), and dissolved noble gases also were measured to help identify the sources and ages of the sampled groundwater. In total, approximately 220 constituents and water-quality indicators were investigated.
Quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, and matrix spikes) were collected at approximately 30 percent of the wells, and the results were used to evaluate the quality of the data obtained from the groundwater samples. Field blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that contamination was not a significant source of bias in the data. Differences between replicate samples were within acceptable ranges and matrix-spike recoveries were within acceptable ranges for most compounds.
This study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, raw groundwater typically is treated, disinfected, or blended with other waters to maintain acceptable water quality. Regulatory thresholds apply to water that is served to the consumer, not to raw groundwater. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the raw groundwater were compared to regulatory and nonregulatory health-based thresholds established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and to thresholds established for aesthetic concerns by CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and drinking-water thresholds are for illustrative purposes only and do not indicate compliance or noncompliance with those thresholds.
The concentrations of most constituents detected in groundwater samples were below drinking-water thresholds. Volatile organic compounds (VOC) were detected in approximately 35 percent of grid well samples; all concentrations were below health-based thresholds. Pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected in about 20 percent of all samples; detections were below health-based thresholds. No concentrations of constituents of special interest or nutrients were detected above health-based thresholds. Most of the major and minor ion constituents sampled do not have health-based thresholds; the exception is chloride. Concentrations of chloride, sulfate, and total dissolved solids detected in some of the well samples were above the nonenforceable thresholds for aesthetic concerns. Concentrations of fluoride were detected in 5 samples (from 4 grid wells and 1 understanding well) above the maximum contaminant level for California (MCL-CA). Concentrations of most of the trace elements in samples from the COLOR study were below health-based thresholds; exceptions included arsenic above the MCL-US, boron above the notification level for California (NL-CA), iron and manganese above the secondary maximum contaminant level for California (SMCL-CA), and molybdenum and strontium above the lifetime health advisory level (HAL-US) threshold. Most detections of radioactive constituents were below health-based thresholds; exceptions were alpha, uranium, and radon radioactivity. Alpha radioactivity with 72 hour count detections occurred in four grid wells and one understanding well, and 30-day count detections in two grid wells above the MCL-US. Uranium was detected twice in grid wells above the MCL-US threshold. Also, radon-222 was detected at concentrations above the proposed MCL-US in 19 samples (14 grid and 5 understanding wells). No radon-222 was detected above the proposed MCL-US upper threshold.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds474","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Goldrath, D., Wright, M.T., and Belitz, K., 2010, Groundwater-quality data in the Colorado River study unit, 2007: Results from the California GAMA Program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 474, x, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds474.","productDescription":"x, 66 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-10-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13435,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/474/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":404080,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_91388.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River study unit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.9167,\n 32.7203\n ],\n [\n -114.4167,\n 32.7203\n ],\n [\n -114.4167,\n 35.0667\n ],\n [\n -114.9167,\n 35.0667\n ],\n [\n -114.9167,\n 32.7203\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a94e4b07f02db65897b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldrath, Dara A.","contributorId":59896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldrath","given":"Dara A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Michael T. 0000-0003-0653-6466 mtwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-6466","contributorId":1508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Michael","email":"mtwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98170,"text":"ofr20101011 - 2010 - Power to detect trends in Missouri River fish populations within the Habitat Assessment Monitoring Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T12:23:31","indexId":"ofr20101011","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1011","title":"Power to detect trends in Missouri River fish populations within the Habitat Assessment Monitoring Program","docAbstract":"As with all large rivers in the United States, the Missouri River has been altered, with approximately one-third of the mainstem length impounded and one-third channelized. These physical alterations to the environment have affected the fish populations, but studies examining the effects of alterations have been localized and for short periods of time, thereby preventing generalization. In response to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Opinion, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) initiated monitoring of habitat improvements of the Missouri River in 2005. The goal of the Habitat Assessment Monitoring Program (HAMP) is to provide information on the response of target fish species to the USACE habitat creation on the Lower Missouri River. To determine the statistical power of the HAMP and in cooperation with USACE, a power analysis was conducted using a normal linear mixed model with variance component estimates based on the first complete year of data. At a level of 20/16 (20 bends with 16 subsamples in each bend), at least one species/month/gear model has the power to determine differences between treated and untreated bends. The trammel net in September had the most species models with adequate power at the 20/16 level and overall, the trammel net had the most species/month models with adequate power at the 20/16 level. However, using only one gear or gear/month combination would eliminate other species of interest, such as three chub species (Macrhybopsis meeki, Macrhybopsis aestivalis, and Macrhybopsis gelida), sand shiners (Notropis stramineus), pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus), and juvenile sauger (Sander canadensis). Since gear types are selective in their species efficiency, the strength of the HAMP approach is using multiple gears that have statistical power to differentiate habitat treatment differences in different fish species within the Missouri River. As is often the case with sampling rare species like the pallid sturgeon, the data used to conduct the analyses exhibit some departures from the parametric model assumptions. However, preliminary simulations indicate that the results of this study are appropriate for application to the HAMP study design.\r\n ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101011","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Bryan, J.L., Wildhaber, M.L., and Gladish, D.W., 2010, Power to detect trends in Missouri River fish populations within the Habitat Assessment Monitoring Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1011, vi, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101011.","productDescription":"vi, 42 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-10-31","temporalEnd":"2006-10-30","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13414,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1011/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":341579,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1011/pdf/OF2010-1011.pdf","text":"Report","size":"950 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad3e4b07f02db681d3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryan, Janice L.","contributorId":58589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wildhaber, Mark L. 0000-0002-6538-9083 mwildhaber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":1386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"Mark","email":"mwildhaber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gladish, Dan W.","contributorId":45248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gladish","given":"Dan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042309,"text":"70042309 - 2010 - Localized damage associated with topographic amplification during the 12 January 2010 M 7.0 Haiti earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T19:22:33.088331","indexId":"70042309","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Localized damage associated with topographic amplification during the 12 January 2010 M 7.0 Haiti earthquake","title":"Localized damage associated with topographic amplification during the 12 January 2010 M 7.0 Haiti earthquake","docAbstract":"Local geological conditions, including both near-surface sedimentary layers1,2,3,4 and topographic features5,6,7,8,9, are known to significantly influence ground motions caused by earthquakes. Microzonation maps use local geological conditions to characterize seismic hazard, but commonly incorporate the effect of only sedimentary layers10,11,12. Microzonation does not take into account local topography, because significant topographic amplification is assumed to be rare. Here we show that, although the extent of structural damage in the 2010 Haiti earthquake was primarily due to poor construction, topographic amplification contributed significantly to damage in the district of Petionville, south of central Port-au-Prince. A large number of substantial, relatively well-built structures situated along a foothill ridge in this district sustained serious damage or collapse. Using recordings of aftershocks, we calculate the ground motion response at two seismic stations along the topographic ridge and at two stations in the adjacent valley. Ground motions on the ridge are amplified relative to both sites in the valley and a hard-rock reference site, and thus cannot be explained by sediment-induced amplification. Instead, the amplitude and predominant frequencies of ground motion indicate the amplification of seismic waves by a narrow, steep ridge. We suggest that microzonation maps can potentially be significantly improved by incorporation of topographic effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/ngeo988","usgsCitation":"Hough, S.E., Altidor, J.R., Anglade, D., Given, D., Given, D., Janvier, M.G., Maharrey, J.Z., Meremonte, M.E., Mildor, B.S., Prepetit, C., and Yong, A.K., 2010, Localized damage associated with topographic amplification during the 12 January 2010 M 7.0 Haiti earthquake: Nature Geoscience, v. 3, p. 778-782, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo988.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"778","endPage":"782","ipdsId":"IP-022292","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267405,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Haiti","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-73.18979,19.91568],[-72.57967,19.8715],[-71.71236,19.71446],[-71.62487,19.16984],[-71.7013,18.78542],[-71.94511,18.6169],[-71.68774,18.31666],[-71.7083,18.045],[-72.37248,18.21496],[-72.84441,18.14561],[-73.45455,18.21791],[-73.92243,18.03099],[-74.45803,18.34255],[-74.36993,18.66491],[-73.44954,18.52605],[-72.69494,18.4458],[-72.33488,18.66842],[-72.79165,19.10163],[-72.7841,19.48359],[-73.41502,19.63955],[-73.18979,19.91568]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Haiti\"}}]}","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511e158ee4b071e86a19a467","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986 hough@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"hough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Altidor, Jean Robert","contributorId":100713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Altidor","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anglade, Dieuseul","contributorId":11096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anglade","given":"Dieuseul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Given, Douglas D. doug@usgs.gov","contributorId":3253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Given","given":"Douglas D.","email":"doug@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Given, Doug","contributorId":34015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Given","given":"Doug","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Janvier, M. Guillard","contributorId":71460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janvier","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Guillard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Maharrey, J. Zebulon","contributorId":20625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maharrey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Zebulon","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":471246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Meremonte, Mark E. meremonte@usgs.gov","contributorId":4664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meremonte","given":"Mark","email":"meremonte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":812973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mildor, B. S.-L.","contributorId":19817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mildor","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.-L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Prepetit, Claude","contributorId":198800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prepetit","given":"Claude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Yong, Alan K. 0000-0003-1807-5847 yong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-5847","contributorId":1554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yong","given":"Alan","email":"yong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":98154,"text":"ofr20101001 - 2010 - Volcanogenic uranium deposits: Geology, geochemical processes, and criteria for resource assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-16T20:37:36.831618","indexId":"ofr20101001","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1001","title":"Volcanogenic uranium deposits: Geology, geochemical processes, and criteria for resource assessment","docAbstract":"Felsic volcanic rocks have long been considered a primary source of uranium for many kinds of uranium deposits, but volcanogenic uranium deposits themselves have generally not been important resources. Until the past few years, resource summaries for the United States or the world generally include volcanogenic in the broad category of \"other deposits\" because they comprised less than 0.5 percent of past production or estimated resources. Exploration in the United States from the 1940s through 1982 discovered hundreds of prospects in volcanic rocks, of which fewer than 20 had some recorded production. Intensive exploration in the late 1970s found some large deposits, but low grades (less than about 0.10 percent U3O8) discouraged economic development. A few deposits in the world, drilled in the 1980s and 1990s, are now known to contain large resources (>20,000 tonnes U3O8). However, research on ore-forming processes and exploration for volcanogenic deposits has lagged behind other kinds of uranium deposits and has not utilized advances in understanding of geology, geochemistry, and paleohydrology of ore deposits in general and epithermal deposits in particular. This review outlines new ways to explore and assess for volcanogenic deposits, using new concepts of convection, fluid mixing, and high heat flow to mobilize uranium from volcanic source rocks and form deposits that are postulated to be large. Much can also be learned from studies of epithermal metal deposits, such as the important roles of extensional tectonics, bimodal volcanism, and fracture-flow systems related to resurgent calderas.
Regional resource assessment is helped by genetic concepts, but hampered by limited information on frontier areas and undiscovered districts. Diagnostic data used to define ore deposit genesis, such as stable isotopic data, are rarely available for frontier areas. A volcanic environment classification, with three classes (proximal, distal, and pre-volcanic structures), permits use of geologic features on 1:500,000 to 1:100,000 scale maps. Geochemical databases for volcanic rocks are postulated to be more effective than databases for stream sediments or surface radioactivity, both of which tend to be inconsistent because of variable leaching of uranium from soils. Based on empirical associations, spatial associations with areas of wet paleoclimate, adjacent oil and gas fields, or evaporite beds are deemed positive. Most difficult to estimate is the location of depositional traps and reduction zones, in part because they are mere points at regional scale.
Grade and tonnage data are reviewed and discussed for 32 deposits in the world. Experience of mining engineers and geologists in Asia suggests that tonnages could be higher than presently known in the Western Hemisphere. Geological analysis, and new data from Asia, suggest a typical or median deposit tonnage of about 5,000 tonnes U3O8, and an optimistic forecast of discoveries in the range of 5,000 to 20,000 tonnes U3O8. The likely grade of undiscovered deposits could be about 0.15 percent U3O8 , based on both western and eastern examples. Volcanic terrane is under-explored, relative to other kinds of uranium deposits, and is considered a favorable frontier area for new discoveries.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101001","usgsCitation":"Nash, J.T., 2010, Volcanogenic uranium deposits: Geology, geochemical processes, and criteria for resource assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1001, vi, 99 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101001.","productDescription":"vi, 99 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":177,"text":"Central Region Mineral Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1001.gif"},{"id":13397,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1001/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402306,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_91039.htm"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd616","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nash, J. Thomas","contributorId":26306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70170008,"text":"70170008 - 2010 - Current status of brown bears in the Manasalu Conservation Area, Nepal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-01T12:36:16","indexId":"70170008","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-21T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Current status of brown bears in the Manasalu Conservation Area, Nepal","docAbstract":"Although brown bears (Ursus arctos) are rare in the Himalayan region, populations have been documented in alpine habitats of Pakistan and India. Brown bears were once known to exist in both Nepal and Bhutan, but current information on their numbers and distributions was lacking. We document the presence of brown bears in the Manasalu Conservation Area (MCA) in Nepal using field surveys and interviews with local people. We were able to confirm the existence of a remnant population based on finding bear scat and locations where bears excavated for Himalayan marmots (Marmota himalayana). Based on interviews with local people, it appeared that the presence of brown bears in the area is relatively recent and likely a result of immigration of bears from the Tibetan Autonomous Region. Interviews with local herders also indicated that livestock losses from brown bear predation amounted to approximately 318,000 Nepali rupees (US $4,240) from February 2006 through July 2008.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.2192/09GR029.1","collaboration":"Ecology and Conservation Group, Institute of Natural Sciences, Massey University\nWildlife Institute of India, PO Box 18, Chandrabani, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India\nNew Zealand and The Biodiversity Research and Training Forum, Nepal","usgsCitation":"Aryal, A., Sathyakumar, S., and Schwartz, C.C., 2010, Current status of brown bears in the Manasalu Conservation Area, Nepal: Ursus, v. 21, no. 1, p. 109-114, https://doi.org/10.2192/09GR029.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-016644","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science 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S.","contributorId":168424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sathyakumar","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25287,"text":"Wildlife Institute of India","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwartz, Charles C.","contributorId":124574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5119,"text":"Retired from U.S. Geological Survey, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, 2327 University Way, suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98120,"text":"ofr20091290 - 2010 - Gas, oil, and water production from Jonah, Pinedale, Greater Wamsutter, and Stagecoach Draw fields in the Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T19:22:14.761699","indexId":"ofr20091290","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1290","title":"Gas, oil, and water production from Jonah, Pinedale, Greater Wamsutter, and Stagecoach Draw fields in the Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Gas, oil, and water production data were compiled from selected wells in four gas fields in rocks of Late Cretaceous age in southwestern Wyoming. This study is one of a series of reports examining fluid production from tight-gas reservoirs, which are characterized by low permeability, low porosity, and the presence of clay minerals in pore space. Production from each well is represented by two samples spaced five years apart, the first sample typically taken two years after commencement of production. For each producing interval, summary diagrams of oil versus gas and water versus gas production show fluid production rates, the change in rates during five years, the water-gas and oil-gas ratios, and the fluid type. These diagrams permit well-to-well and field-to-field comparisons. Fields producing water at low rates (water dissolved in gas in the reservoir) can be distinguished from fields producing water at moderate or high rates, and the water-gas ratios are quantified.
The ranges of first-sample gas rates in Pinedale field and Jonah field are quite similar, and the average gas production rate for the second sample, taken five years later, is about one-half that of the first sample for both fields. Water rates are generally substantially higher in Pinedale than in Jonah, and water-gas ratios in Pinedale are roughly a factor of ten greater in Pinedale than in Jonah. Gas and water production rates from each field are fairly well grouped, indicating that Pinedale and Jonah fields are fairly cohesive gas-water systems. Pinedale field appears to be remarkably uniform in its flow behavior with time. Jonah field, which is internally faulted, exhibits a small spread in first-sample production rates. In the Greater Wamsutter field, gas production from the upper part of the Almond Formation is greater than from the main part of the Almond. Some wells in the main and the combined (upper and main parts) Almond show increases in water production with time, whereas increases in water production are rare in the upper part of the Almond, and a higher percentage of wells in the upper part of the Almond show water decreasing at the same rate as gas than in the main or combined parts of the Almond.
In Stagecoach Draw field, the gas production rate after five years is about one-fourth that of the first sample, whereas in Pinedale, Jonah, and Greater Wamsutter fields, the production rate after five years is about one-half that of the first sample. The more rapid gas decline rate seems to be the outstanding feature distinguishing Stagecoach Draw field, which is characterized as a conventional field, from Pinedale, Jonah, and Greater Wamsutter fields, which are generally characterized as tight-gas accumulations. Oil-gas ratios are fairly consistent within Jonah, Pinedale, and Stagecoach Draw fields, suggesting similar chemical composition and pressure-temperature conditions within each field, and are less than the 20 bbl/mmcf upper limit for wet gas. However, oil-gas ratios vary considerably from one area to another in the Greater Wamsutter field, demonstrating a lack of commonality in either chemistry or pressure-temperature conditions among the six areas.
In all wells in all four fields examined here, water production commences with gas production—there are no examples of wells with water-free production and no examples where water production commences after first-sample gas production. The fraction of records with water production higher in the second sample than in the first sample varies from field to field, with Pinedale field showing the lowest percentage of such cases and Jonah field showing the most. Most wells have water-gas ratios exceeding the amount that could exist dissolved in gas at reservoir pressure and temperature.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091290","usgsCitation":"Nelson, P.H., Ewald, S.M., Santus, S.L., and Trainor, P.K., 2010, Gas, oil, and water production from Jonah, Pinedale, Greater Wamsutter, and Stagecoach Draw fields in the Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1290, Pamphlet: iv, 19 p.; 5 Plates: 42.38 × 21.00 inches or smaller; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091290.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 19 p.; 5 Plates: 42.38 × 21.00 inches or smaller; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1290.jpg"},{"id":407875,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_90298.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13360,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1290/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Jonah, Pinedale, Greater Wamsutter, and Stagecoach Draw fields","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -107.3833,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -107.3833,\n 42.8667\n ],\n [\n -110,\n 42.8667\n ],\n [\n -110,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b12fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ewald, Shauna M.","contributorId":43884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewald","given":"Shauna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Santus, Stephen L. ssantus@usgs.gov","contributorId":4566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santus","given":"Stephen","email":"ssantus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trainor, Patrick K.","contributorId":34220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trainor","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70249655,"text":"70249655 - 2010 - Pathology and virus detection in tissues of nestling house sparrows naturally infected with Buggy Creek virus (Togaviridae).","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-23T15:48:25.723552","indexId":"70249655","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T10:42:41","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathology and virus detection in tissues of nestling house sparrows naturally infected with Buggy Creek virus (Togaviridae).","docAbstract":"Alphaviruses (Togaviridae) infect wild birds, but clinical illness and death attributable to virus in naturally infected birds is rarely reported, particularly for small passerine species or nestlings. Buggy Creek virus is a unique alphavirus in the Western equine encephalomyelitis virus (WEEV) complex that is vectored by the cimicid swallow bug (Oeciacus vicarius), an ectoparasite of the colonially nesting Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and the introduced House Sparrow (Passer domesticus). While sampling birds for Buggy Creek virus (BCRV) during the summers of 2007 and 2008, we discovered large numbers of clinically ill or dead House Sparrow nestlings. Ill nestlings exhibited ataxia, torticollis, paresis, and lethargy. Histologic examination revealed that encephalitis was the most common finding, followed by myositis, myocarditis, and hepatic changes, but pathology was highly variable. We isolated BCRV from brain tissue in most of the ill or dead nestlings, and from blood, liver, kidney, spleen, lung, feather pulp, and skin in some birds. To our knowledge, this is the first report of clinical illness, gross pathology, and histopathology for a WEEV-complex alphavirus in a field-collected passerine species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-46.1.23","usgsCitation":"O’Brien, V.A., Meteyer, C.U., Ip, S., Long, R.R., and Brown, C., 2010, Pathology and virus detection in tissues of nestling house sparrows naturally infected with Buggy Creek virus (Togaviridae).: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 46, no. 1, p. 23-32, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-46.1.23.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"32","ipdsId":"IP-014105","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-46.1.23","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":422041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Brien, Valerie A.","contributorId":331059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Valerie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meteyer, Carol U. 0000-0002-4007-3410 cmeteyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-3410","contributorId":127748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meteyer","given":"Carol","email":"cmeteyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ip, S. 0000-0003-4844-7533 hip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"S.","email":"hip@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Long, Renee Romaine rlong@usgs.gov","contributorId":3826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Renee","email":"rlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Romaine","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":886614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Charles R.","contributorId":331061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Charles R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":886616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70120460,"text":"70120460 - 2010 - Beak deformities in Northwestern Crows: Evidence of a multispecies epizootic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T15:08:13","indexId":"70120460","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T10:36:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beak deformities in Northwestern Crows: Evidence of a multispecies epizootic","docAbstract":"Beak abnormalities are rare among adult birds and, typically, are not widespread in a given population, within a region, or across multiple species. A high concentration of beak deformities was recently documented in Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and other resident avian species in Alaska. We describe a parallel condition in Northwestern Crows (Corvus caurinus) that signals the emergence of a multispecies epizootic. On the basis of 186 Northwestern Crows captured at six sites in Alaska during 2007 and 2008, we estimated the prevalence of beak deformities in adults to be 16.9 ± 5.3%, the highest rate of gross deformities ever recorded in a wild bird population. Prevalence varied among sites and was as high as 36% on the Kenai Peninsula, which suggests possible epizootic clusters. We also documented beak abnormalities in an additional 148 Northwestern Crows in south-central and southeastern Alaska and in 64 crows near Vancouver, British Columbia, and Puget Sound, Washington, a region where both Northwestern Crows and American Crows (C. brachyrhynchos) occur. The increase in frequency and distribution of crows observed with abnormal beaks throughout the Pacific Northwest since the late 1990s indicates a geographic expansion of this problem. Affected crows exhibited elongated and often crossed beaks that were morphologically similar to deformities documented in Black-capped Chickadees and other species in Alaska over approximately the same period. Additional research is needed to determine the etiology and potential adverse effects on bird populations affected by this disorder.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2010.10132","usgsCitation":"Van Hemert, C.R., and Handel, C.M., 2010, Beak deformities in Northwestern Crows: Evidence of a multispecies epizootic: The Auk, v. 127, no. 4, p. 746-751, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2010.10132.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"746","endPage":"751","ipdsId":"IP-019472","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2010.10132","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":292268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, British Columbia, Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.27,45.68 ], [ -156.27,63.04 ], [ -120.41,63.04 ], [ -120.41,45.68 ], [ -156.27,45.68 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"127","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef1ec3e4b0bfa1f993eee9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Hemert, Caroline R. 0000-0002-6858-7165 cvanhemert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-7165","contributorId":3592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Hemert","given":"Caroline","email":"cvanhemert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70179633,"text":"70179633 - 2010 - Unusual subterranean aggregations of the California Giant Salamander, Dicamptodon ensatus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-09T11:39:02","indexId":"70179633","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1894,"text":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","onlineIssn":"2151-0733","printIssn":"1931-7603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unusual subterranean aggregations of the California Giant Salamander, Dicamptodon ensatus","docAbstract":"Larval Dicamptodon are one of the most abundant vertebrates in headwater streams in the Pacific Northwest. Their numbers and biomass can exceed those of all other amphibians, and of salmonid fishes. By contrast, metamorphosed Dicamptodon are only found infrequently, usually during formal surveys using pitfall traps, cover boards, or time constrained surveys However, we found two aggregations (23 and 27 individuals) of metamorphosed Dicamptodon ensatus during a culvert removal project at Point Reyes National Seashore, California. Furthermore, we found an additional 23 terrestrial D. ensatus in terrestrial habitat adjacent to the culverts. We did not expect these aggregations because metamorphosed individuals are so rarely encountered, and aggregations are likely to increase competition and predation in a species known to feed regularly on vertebrate prey. Deteriorating culverts might provide an unusually high-quality habitat that leads to aggregations such as we describe. Our observations may provide insight into the natural haunts of D. ensatus—underground burrows or caverns—and if so, then aggregations may be normal, but rarely seen.
","language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","usgsCitation":"Fellers, G.M., Wood, L.L., Carlisle, S., and Pratt, D., 2010, Unusual subterranean aggregations of the California Giant Salamander, Dicamptodon ensatus: Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 5, no. 1, p. 149-154.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"154","ipdsId":"IP-082094","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332989,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332969,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/contents_vol5_issue1.html"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5874b0aee4b0a829a320bb6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Leslie L.","contributorId":178117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlisle, Sarah","contributorId":178118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pratt, David","contributorId":174869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pratt","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}