{"pageNumber":"85","pageRowStart":"2100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":37001,"records":[{"id":70048262,"text":"ofr20131224 - 2013 - Bedrock geology and outcrop fracture trends in the vicinity of the Savage Municipal Well Superfund site, Milford, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-19T09:17:51","indexId":"ofr20131224","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-19T09:04:27","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1224","title":"Bedrock geology and outcrop fracture trends in the vicinity of the Savage Municipal Well Superfund site, Milford, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"The Savage Municipal Well Superfund site consists of an eastward-directed plume of volatile organic compounds, principally tetrachloroethylene (PCE), in alluvium and glacial sand and gravel in the Souhegan River valley, just south of the river and about 4 kilometers west of the town of Milford, New Hampshire. Sampling of monitoring wells at the site has helped delineate the extent of the plume and has determined that some contaminant has migrated into the underlying crystalline bedrock, including bedrock north of the river within 200 meters of a nearby residential development that was constructed in 1999. Borehole geophysical logging has identified a northeast preferential trend for bedrock fractures, which may provide a pathway for the migration of contaminant under and north of the Souhegan River. The current study investigates the bedrock geologic setting for the site, including its position relative to known regional geologic structures, and compiles new strike and dip measurements of joints in exposed bedrock to determine if there are dominant trends in orientation similar to what was found in the boreholes. The site is located on the northwestern limb of a northeast-trending regional anticlinorium that is southeast of the Campbell Hill fault zone. The Campbell Hill fault zone defines the contact between granite and gneiss of the anticlinorium and granite and schist to the northwest and is locally marked by lenses of massive vein quartz, minor faults, and fracture zones that could potentially affect plume migration. The fault zone was apparently not intercepted by any of the boreholes that were drilled to delineate the contaminant plume and therefore passes to the north of the northernmost borehole in the vicinity of the new residential area. Joints measured in surface exposures indicate a strong preferred direction of strike to the north-northeast corroborating the borehole data and previous outcrop and geophysical studies. The north-northeast preferred direction matches the direction of elongation of the cone of depression formed during a pump test of the bedrock wells and could explain a potential pathway for the migration of contaminant north of the river.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131224","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 1 and the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services","usgsCitation":"Burton, W.C., and Harte, P.T., 2013, Bedrock geology and outcrop fracture trends in the vicinity of the Savage Municipal Well Superfund site, Milford, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1224, iii, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131224.","productDescription":"iii, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277841,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131224.gif"},{"id":277839,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1224/"},{"id":277840,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1224/pdf/ofr2013-1224.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","city":"Milford","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.75,42.8 ], [ -71.75,42.875 ], [ -71.625,42.875 ], [ -71.625,42.8 ], [ -71.75,42.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"523c0ed2e4b024b60d407256","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, William C. 0000-0001-7519-5787 bburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-5787","contributorId":1293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"William","email":"bburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harte, Philip T. 0000-0002-7718-1204 ptharte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":1008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"Philip","email":"ptharte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048261,"text":"ofr20131240 - 2013 - Biological and geochemical data of gravity cores from Mobile Bay, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-13T18:12:26.338503","indexId":"ofr20131240","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-19T08:56:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1240","title":"Biological and geochemical data of gravity cores from Mobile Bay, Alabama","docAbstract":"A study was conducted to understand the marine-influenced environments of Mobile Bay, Alabama, by collecting a series of box cores and gravity cores. One gravity core in particular demonstrates a long reference for changing paleoenvironmental parameters in Mobile Bay. Due to lack of abundance of foraminifers and (or) lack of diversity, the benthic foraminiferal data for two of the three gravity cores are not included in the results. The benthic foraminiferal data collected and geochemical analyses in this study provide a baseline for recent changes in the bay.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131240","usgsCitation":"Richwine, K.A., Marot, M., Smith, C.G., Osterman, L.E., and Adams, C., 2013, Biological and geochemical data of gravity cores from Mobile Bay, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1240, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131240.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277837,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1240/"},{"id":277836,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1240/pdf/ofr2013-1240.pdf"},{"id":277838,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131240.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Mobile Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.109396,30.26461 ], [ -88.109396,30.673552 ], [ -87.91553,30.673552 ], [ -87.91553,30.26461 ], [ -88.109396,30.26461 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"523c0efbe4b024b60d40725a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richwine, Kathryn A. krichwine@usgs.gov","contributorId":5004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richwine","given":"Kathryn","email":"krichwine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marot, Marci","contributorId":91150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marot","given":"Marci","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Christopher G. 0000-0002-8075-4763 cgsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-4763","contributorId":3410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Christopher","email":"cgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Osterman, Lisa E. osterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterman","given":"Lisa","email":"osterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, C. Scott","contributorId":55326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"C. Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70048245,"text":"ofr20131160 - 2013 - Design of Cycle 3 of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 2013-23: Part 2: Science plan for improved water-quality information and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-07T17:05:29","indexId":"ofr20131160","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-18T13:55:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1160","subseriesTitle":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","title":"Design of Cycle 3 of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 2013-23: Part 2: Science plan for improved water-quality information and management","docAbstract":"This report presents a science strategy for the third decade of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, which since 1991, has been responsible for providing nationally consistent information on the quality of the Nation's streams and groundwater; how water quality is changing over time; and the major natural and human factors that affect current water quality conditions and trends. The strategy is based on an extensive evaluation of the accomplishments of NAWQA over its first two decades, the current status of water-quality monitoring activities by USGS and its partners, and an updated analysis of stakeholder priorities. The plan is designed to address priority issues and national needs identified by NAWQA stakeholders and the National Research Council (2012) irrespective of budget constraints. This plan describes four major goals for the third decade (Cycle 3), the approaches for monitoring, modeling, and scientific studies, key partnerships required to achieve these goals, and products and outcomes that will result from planned assessment activities. The science plan for 2013–2023 is a comprehensive approach to meet stakeholder priorities for: (1) rebuilding NAWQA monitoring networks for streams, rivers, and groundwater, and (2) upgrading models used to extrapolate and forecast changes in water-quality and stream ecosystem condition in response to changing climate and land use. The Cycle 3 plan continues approaches that have been central to the Program’s long-term success, but adjusts monitoring intensities and study designs to address critical information needs and identified data gaps. Restoration of diminished monitoring networks and new directions in modeling and interpretative studies address growing and evolving public and stakeholder needs for water-quality information and improved management, particularly in the face of increasing challenges related to population growth, increasing demands for water, and changing land use and climate. However, a combination of funding growth and extensive collaboration with other USGS programs and other Federal, State, and local agencies, public interest groups, professional and trade associations, academia, and private industry will be needed to fully realize the monitoring and modeling goals laid out in this plan (USGS Fact Sheet 2013-3008).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131160","usgsCitation":"Rowe, G.L., Belitz, K., Demas, C.R., Essaid, H.I., Gilliom, R.J., Hamilton, P.A., Hoos, A.B., Lee, C., Munn, M.D., and Wolock, D.W., 2013, Design of Cycle 3 of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 2013-23: Part 2: Science plan for improved water-quality information and management: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1160, xiv, 110 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131160.","productDescription":"xiv, 110 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131160.gif"},{"id":277820,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1160/"},{"id":277821,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1160/pdf/OF13-1160.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"523abd72e4b08cabd166cae8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowe, Gary L. glrowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Gary","email":"glrowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":484131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Demas, Charlie R.","contributorId":11929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demas","given":"Charlie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Essaid, Hedeff I. 0000-0003-0154-8628 hiessaid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0154-8628","contributorId":2284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"Hedeff","email":"hiessaid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hamilton, Pixie A. pahamilt@usgs.gov","contributorId":1068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Pixie","email":"pahamilt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":484130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hoos, Anne B. abhoos@usgs.gov","contributorId":2236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoos","given":"Anne","email":"abhoos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":484132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lee, Casey J. 0000-0002-5753-2038","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5753-2038","contributorId":31062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Casey J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Munn, Mark D. 0000-0002-7154-7252 mdmunn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7154-7252","contributorId":976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munn","given":"Mark","email":"mdmunn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wolock, David W.","contributorId":64357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70048154,"text":"ofr20131227 - 2013 - Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Lackawanna and Wayne Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T17:42:19","indexId":"ofr20131227","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-18T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1227","title":"Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Lackawanna and Wayne Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010","docAbstract":"<p>Increased demands for cleaner burning energy, coupled with the relatively recent technological advances in accessing unconventional hydrocarbon-rich geologic formations, have led to an intense effort to find and extract natural gas from various underground sources around the country. One of these sources, the Marcellus Shale, located in the Allegheny Plateau, is currently undergoing extensive drilling and production. The technology used to extract gas in the Marcellus Shale is known as hydraulic fracturing and has garnered much attention because of its use of large amounts of fresh water, its use of proprietary fluids for the hydraulic-fracturing process, its potential to release contaminants into the environment, and its potential effect on water resources. Nonetheless, development of natural gas extraction wells in the Marcellus Shale is only part of the overall natural gas story in this area of Pennsylvania. Conventional natural gas wells, which sometimes use the same technique, are commonly located in the same general area as the Marcellus Shale and are frequently developed in clusters across the landscape. The combined effects of these two natural gas extraction methods create potentially serious patterns of disturbance on the landscape. This document quantifies the landscape changes and consequences of natural gas extraction for Lackawanna County and Wayne County in Pennsylvania between 2004 and 2010. Patterns of landscape disturbance related to natural gas extraction activities were collected and digitized using National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery for 2004, 2005/2006, 2008, and 2010. The disturbance patterns were then used to measure changes in land cover and land use using the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) of 2001. A series of landscape metrics is also used to quantify these changes and is included in this publication.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131227","usgsCitation":"Milheim, L., Slonecker, E., Roig-Silva, C., and Malizia, A., 2013, Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Lackawanna and Wayne Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1227, v, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131227.","productDescription":"v, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277747,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131227.PNG"},{"id":277686,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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,{"id":70048153,"text":"ofr20131226 - 2013 - Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Beaver and Butler Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T17:44:44","indexId":"ofr20131226","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-18T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1226","title":"Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Beaver and Butler Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010","docAbstract":"<p>Increased demands for cleaner burning energy, coupled with the relatively recent technological advances in accessing unconventional hydrocarbon-rich geologic formations, have led to an intense effort to find and extract natural gas from various underground sources around the country. One of these sources, the Marcellus Shale, located in the Allegheny Plateau, is currently undergoing extensive drilling and production. The technology used to extract gas in the Marcellus Shale is known as hydraulic fracturing and has garnered much attention because of its use of large amounts of fresh water, its use of proprietary fluids for the hydraulic-fracturing process, its potential to release contaminants into the environment, and its potential effect on water resources. Nonetheless, development of natural gas extraction wells in the Marcellus Shale is only part of the overall natural gas story in this area of Pennsylvania. Conventional natural gas wells, which sometimes use the same technique, are commonly located in the same general area as the Marcellus Shale and are frequently developed in clusters across the landscape. The combined effects of these two natural gas extraction methods create potentially serious patterns of disturbance on the landscape. This document quantifies the landscape changes and consequences of natural gas extraction for Beaver County and Butler County in Pennsylvania between 2004 and 2010. Patterns of landscape disturbance related to natural gas extraction activities were collected and digitized using National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery for 2004, 2005/2006, 2008, and 2010. The disturbance patterns were then used to measure changes in land cover and land use using the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) of 2001. A series of landscape metrics is also used to quantify these changes and is included in this publication.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131226","usgsCitation":"Roig-Silva, C., Slonecker, E.T., Milheim, L., and Malizia, A.R., 2013, Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Beaver and Butler Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1226, v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131226.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277746,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131226.gif"},{"id":277528,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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,{"id":70048113,"text":"ofr20131163 - 2013 - Submergence Vulnerability Index development and application to Coastwide Reference Monitoring System Sites and Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act projects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-10T19:40:45","indexId":"ofr20131163","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-10T19:33:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1163","title":"Submergence Vulnerability Index development and application to Coastwide Reference Monitoring System Sites and Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act projects","docAbstract":"Since its implementation in 2003, the Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS) in Louisiana has facilitated the creation of a comprehensive dataset that includes, but is not limited to, vegetation, hydrologic, and soil metrics on a coastwide scale. The primary impetus for this data collection is to assess land management activities, including restoration efforts, across the coast. The aim of the CRMS analytical team is to provide a method to synthesize this data to enable multiscaled evaluations of activities in Louisiana’s coastal wetlands. Several indices have been developed to facilitate data synthesis and interpretation, including a Floristic Quality Index, a Hydrologic Index, and a Landscape Index. This document details the development of the Submergence Vulnerability Index, which incorporates sediment-elevation data as well as hydrologic data to determine the vulnerability of a wetland based on its ability to keep pace with sea-level rise. The objective of this document is to provide Federal and State sponsors, project managers, planners, landowners, data users, and the rest of the coastal restoration community with the following: (1) data collection and model development methods for the sediment-elevation response variables, and (2) a description of how these response variables will be used to evaluate CWPPRA project and program effectiveness.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131163","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act","usgsCitation":"Stagg, C.L., Sharp, L., McGinnis, T., and Snedden, G., 2013, Submergence Vulnerability Index development and application to Coastwide Reference Monitoring System Sites and Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act projects: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1163, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131163.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277468,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131163.gif"},{"id":277466,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1163/"},{"id":277467,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1163/pdf/OF13-1163.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.04,28.93 ], [ -94.04,30.99 ], [ -88.82,30.99 ], [ -88.82,28.93 ], [ -94.04,28.93 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5230315fe4b04b8e63a2060c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stagg, Camille L. 0000-0002-1125-7253 staggc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-7253","contributorId":4111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stagg","given":"Camille","email":"staggc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharp, Leigh A.","contributorId":43879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"Leigh A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGinnis, Thomas E.","contributorId":92959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGinnis","given":"Thomas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snedden, Gregg A. 0000-0001-7821-3709","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7821-3709","contributorId":17338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snedden","given":"Gregg A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70048107,"text":"ofr20131174 - 2013 - Environmental consequences of the Retsof Salt Mine roof collapse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-10T15:41:44","indexId":"ofr20131174","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-10T15:05:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1174","title":"Environmental consequences of the Retsof Salt Mine roof collapse","docAbstract":"In 1994, the largest salt mine in North America, which had been in operation for more than 100 years, catastrophically flooded when the mine ceiling collapsed. In addition to causing the loss of the mine and the mineral resources it provided, this event formed sinkholes, caused widespread subsidence to land, caused structures to crack and subside, and changed stream flow and erosion patterns. Subsequent flooding of the mine drained overlying aquifers, changed the groundwater salinity distribution (rendering domestic wells unusable), and allowed locally present natural gas to enter dwellings through water wells. Investigations including exploratory drilling, hydrologic and water-quality monitoring, geologic and geophysical studies, and numerical simulation of groundwater flow, salinity, and subsidence have been effective tools in understanding the environmental consequences of the mine collapse and informing decisions about management of those consequences for the future. Salt mines are generally dry, but are susceptible to leaks and can become flooded if groundwater from overlying aquifers or surface water finds a way downward into the mined cavity through hundreds of feet of rock. With its potential to flood the entire mine cavity, groundwater is a constant source of concern for mine operators. The problem is compounded by the viscous nature of salt and the fact that salt mines commonly lie beneath water-bearing aquifers. Salt (for example halite or potash) deforms and “creeps” into the mined openings over time spans that range from years to centuries. This movement of salt can destabilize the overlying rock layers and lead to their eventual sagging and collapse, creating permeable pathways for leakage of water and depressions or openings at land surface, such as sinkholes. Salt is also highly soluble in water; therefore, whenever water begins to flow into a salt mine, the channels through which it flows increase in diameter as the surrounding salt dissolves. Some mines leak at a slow rate for decades before a section of rock gives way, allowing what initially was a trickle of water to suddenly become a cascade and finally a torrent. Other mines become flooded and are destroyed when an errant drill hole punctures the mine ceiling, allowing water from overlying sources to flow into the mine. Either scenario can cause catastrophic flooding and permanent loss of the mine. Occasionally, a mine that has remained dry for a century will undergo a roof collapse that results in flooding.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131174","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., 2013, Environmental consequences of the Retsof Salt Mine roof collapse: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1174, Report: iv, 10 p.; Block Diagram, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131174.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 10 p.; Block Diagram","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277461,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131174.gif"},{"id":277458,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1174/"},{"id":277460,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1174/pdf/ofr2013-1174_fig2.pdf"},{"id":277459,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1174/pdf/ofr2013-1174.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.953148,42.626128 ], [ -77.953148,42.90137 ], [ -77.633171,42.90137 ], [ -77.633171,42.626128 ], [ -77.953148,42.626128 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5230315ce4b04b8e63a20600","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70048096,"text":"ofr20131068 - 2013 - Monitoring plan for mercury in fish tissue and water from the Boise River, Snake River, and Brownlee Reservoir, Idaho and Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-05T09:50:00","indexId":"ofr20131068","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-10T11:35:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1068","title":"Monitoring plan for mercury in fish tissue and water from the Boise River, Snake River, and Brownlee Reservoir, Idaho and Oregon","docAbstract":"The methylmercury criterion adopted as a water-quality standard in the State of Idaho is a concentration in fish tissue rather than a concentration in water. A plan for monitoring mercury in fish tissue and water was developed to evaluate whether fish in the Boise River, Idaho, upstream and downstream of wastewater-treatment plant discharges, meet the methylmercury water-quality criterion. Monitoring also will be conducted at sites on the Snake River, upstream and downstream of the confluence with the Boise River, and in Brownlee Reservoir, which lies along the border between Idaho and Oregon. Descriptions of standard procedures for collecting and processing samples and quality assurance steps are included. This monitoring plan is intended to provide a framework for cooperative methylmercury sampling in the lower Boise River basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131068","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Boise","usgsCitation":"Mebane, C.A., and MacCoy, D.E., 2013, Monitoring plan for mercury in fish tissue and water from the Boise River,\nSnake River, and Brownlee Reservoir, Idaho and Oregon (ver. 1.1, December 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Open-\nFile Report 2013–1068, 26 p., https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1068/.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 26 p.; Appendix B","numberOfPages":"34","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331437,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1068/versionHist.txt","size":"510 bytes","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2016-1068 Version History"},{"id":277451,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1068/ofr2013-1068_appendixB.kml","text":"Appendix B","size":"9 KB klm","description":"OFR 2016-1068 Appendix B"},{"id":277450,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1068/","description":"OFR 2016-1068 Index Page"},{"id":277452,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1068/pdf/ofr2013-1068.pdf","text":"Report","size":"226 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1068"},{"id":331438,"rank":5,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1068/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Boise River;Brownlee Reservoir;Snake River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.6626,43.1152 ], [ -117.6626,44.5319 ], [ -115.6605,44.5319 ], [ -115.6605,43.1152 ], [ -117.6626,43.1152 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally poster September 10, 2013; Version 1.1: December 1 2016","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_id@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_id@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, Idaho Water Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 230 Collins Road<br> Boise, Idaho 83702<br> <a href=\"http://id.water.usgs.gov\" target=\"blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://id.water.usgs.gov\">http://id.water.usgs.gov</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract<br></li><li>Background and Objectives<br></li><li>Project Description<br></li><li>Field Sampling and Sample Processing<br></li><li>Laboratory Methods<br></li><li>Quality Assurance and Quality Control&nbsp;<br></li><li>Reporting<br></li><li>References Cited<br></li><li>Appendix A–D<br></li></ul>","publishedDate":"2013-09-10","revisedDate":"2016-12-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5230315fe4b04b8e63a20608","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mebane, Christopher A. 0000-0002-9089-0267 cmebane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9089-0267","contributorId":110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mebane","given":"Christopher","email":"cmebane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacCoy, Dorene E. 0000-0001-6810-4728 demaccoy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6810-4728","contributorId":948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCoy","given":"Dorene","email":"demaccoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048051,"text":"ofr20131185 - 2013 - Internet-based Modeling, Mapping, and Analysis for the Greater Everglades (IMMAGE; Version 1.0): web-based tools to assess the impact of sea level rise in south Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T12:59:37","indexId":"ofr20131185","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T14:42:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1185","title":"Internet-based Modeling, Mapping, and Analysis for the Greater Everglades (IMMAGE; Version 1.0): web-based tools to assess the impact of sea level rise in south Florida","docAbstract":"South Florida's Greater Everglades area is particularly vulnerable to sea level rise, due to its rich endowment of animal and plant species and its heavily populated urban areas along the coast. Rising sea levels are expected to have substantial impacts on inland flooding, the depth and extent of surge from coastal storms, the degradation of water supplies by saltwater intrusion, and the integrity of plant and animal habitats. Planners and managers responsible for mitigating these impacts require advanced tools to help them more effectively identify areas at risk. The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Internet-based Modeling, Mapping, and Analysis for the Greater Everglades (IMMAGE) Web site has been developed to address these needs by providing more convenient access to projections from models that forecast the effects of sea level rise on surface water and groundwater, the extent of surge and resulting economic losses from coastal storms, and the distribution of habitats. IMMAGE not only provides an advanced geographic information system (GIS) interface to support decision making, but also includes topic-based modules that explain and illustrate key concepts for nontechnical users. The purpose of this report is to familiarize both technical and nontechnical users with the IMMAGE Web site and its various applications.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131185","usgsCitation":"Hearn, P., Strong, D., Swain, E., and Decker, J., 2013, Internet-based Modeling, Mapping, and Analysis for the Greater Everglades (IMMAGE; Version 1.0): web-based tools to assess the impact of sea level rise in south Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1185, v, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131185.","productDescription":"v, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131185.gif"},{"id":277406,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1185/"},{"id":277407,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1185/pdf/of2013-1185.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Greater Everglades","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.6721,24.2069 ], [ -82.6721,27.2644 ], [ -79.541,27.2644 ], [ -79.541,24.2069 ], [ -82.6721,24.2069 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522aeb69e4b08fd0132e7945","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hearn, Paul","contributorId":28702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strong, David","contributorId":101767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strong","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swain, Eric 0000-0001-7168-708X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":23347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Decker, Jeremy","contributorId":99662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decker","given":"Jeremy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70048023,"text":"ofr20121183 - 2013 - Massachusetts shoreline change project: a GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the 2013 update","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T10:44:17","indexId":"ofr20121183","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1183","title":"Massachusetts shoreline change project: a GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the 2013 update","docAbstract":"Identifying the rates and trends associated with the position of the shoreline through time presents vital information on potential impacts these changes may have on coastal populations and infrastructure, and supports informed coastal management decisions. This report publishes the historical shoreline data used to assess the scale and timing of erosion and accretion along the Massachusetts coast from New Hampshire to Rhode Island including all of Cape Cod, Martha’s Vineyard, Nantucket and the Elizabeth Islands. This data is an update to the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management Shoreline Change Project. Shoreline positions from the past 164 years (1845 to 2009) were used to compute the shoreline change rates. These data include a combined length of 1,804 kilometers of new shoreline data derived from color orthophoto imagery collected in 2008 and 2009, and topographic lidar collected in 2007. These new shorelines have been added to previously published historic shoreline data from the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management and the U.S. Geological Survey. A detailed report containing a discussion of the shoreline change data presented here and a summary of the resulting rates is available and cited at the end of the Introduction section of this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121183","usgsCitation":"Smith, T.L., Himmelstoss, E., and Thieler, E.R., 2013, Massachusetts shoreline change project: a GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the 2013 update: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1183, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121183.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1844-12-30","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277369,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121183.gif"},{"id":277368,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1183/title_page.html"},{"id":277367,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1183/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.8437,41.239 ], [ -71.8437,42.8868 ], [ -69.928,42.8868 ], [ -69.928,41.239 ], [ -71.8437,41.239 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522aeb69e4b08fd0132e7949","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Theresa L.","contributorId":80163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Theresa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Himmelstoss, Emily A.","contributorId":24736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelstoss","given":"Emily A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048014,"text":"ofr20131167 - 2013 - Dissolved methane in groundwater, Upper Delaware River Basin, Pennsylvania and New York, 2007-12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T12:57:43","indexId":"ofr20131167","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T08:41:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1167","title":"Dissolved methane in groundwater, Upper Delaware River Basin, Pennsylvania and New York, 2007-12","docAbstract":"The prospect of natural gas development from the Marcellus and Utica Shales has raised concerns about freshwater aquifers being vulnerable to contamination. Well owners are asking questions about subsurface methane, such as, “Does my well water have methane and is it safe to drink the water?” and “Is my well system at risk of an explosion hazard associated with a combustible gas like methane in groundwater?”\n\nThis newfound awareness of methane contamination of water wells by stray gas migration is based upon studies such as Molofsky and others (2011) who document the widespread natural occurrence of methane in drinking-water wells in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania. In the same county, Osborn and others (2011) identified elevated methane concentrations in selected drinking-water wells in the vicinity of Marcellus Shale gas-development activities, although pre-development groundwater samples were not available for comparison.\n\nA compilation of dissolved methane concentrations in groundwater for New York State was published by Kappel and Nystrom (2012). Recent work documenting the occurrence and distribution of methane in groundwater was completed in southern Sullivan County, Pennsylvania (Sloto, 2013). Additional work is ongoing with respect to monitoring for stray gases in groundwater (Jackson and others, 2013). These studies and their results indicate the importance of collecting baseline or pre-development data. While such data are being collected in some areas, published data on methane in groundwater are sparse in the Upper Delaware River Basin of Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey. To manage drinking-water resources in areas of gas-well drilling and hydraulic fracturing in the Upper Delaware River Basin, the natural occurrence of methane in the tri-state aquifers needs to be documented.\n\nThe purpose of this report is to present data on dissolved methane concentrations in the groundwater in the Upper Delaware River Basin. The scope is restricted to data for Pennsylvania and New York, no U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) methane analyses are presently available for northwestern New Jersey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131167","usgsCitation":"Kappel, W.M., 2013, Dissolved methane in groundwater, Upper Delaware River Basin, Pennsylvania and New York, 2007-12: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1167, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131167.","productDescription":"6 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277352,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1167/"},{"id":277353,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1167/pdf/ofr2013-1167.pdf"},{"id":277354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131167.gif"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"New York;Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Upper Delaware River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.0248,40.8017 ], [ -76.0248,42.5463 ], [ -73.8851,42.5463 ], [ -73.8851,40.8017 ], [ -76.0248,40.8017 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f252e4b0bc0bec0a02f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kappel, William M. 0000-0002-2382-9757 wkappel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2382-9757","contributorId":1074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"William","email":"wkappel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70048012,"text":"ofr20131170I - 2013 - Population vulnerability and evacuation challenges in California for the SAFRR tsunami scenario","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70048012,"text":"ofr20131170I - 2013 - Population vulnerability and evacuation challenges in California for the SAFRR tsunami scenario","indexId":"ofr20131170I","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"I","title":"Population vulnerability and evacuation challenges in California for the SAFRR tsunami scenario"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70047964,"text":"ofr20131170 - 2013 - The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario","indexId":"ofr20131170","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70047964,"text":"ofr20131170 - 2013 - The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario","indexId":"ofr20131170","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-13T17:14:45.699859","indexId":"ofr20131170I","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T07:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"I","title":"Population vulnerability and evacuation challenges in California for the SAFRR tsunami scenario","docAbstract":"The SAFRR tsunami scenario models the impacts of a hypothetical yet plausible tsunami associated with a magnitude 9.1 megathrust earthquake east of the Alaska Peninsula. This report summarizes community variations in population vulnerability and potential evacuation challenges to the tsunami. The most significant public-health concern for California coastal communities during a distant-source tsunami is the ability to evacuate people out of potential inundation zones. Fatalities from the SAFRR tsunami scenario could be low if emergency managers can implement an effective evacuation in the time between tsunami generation and arrival, as well as keep people from entering tsunami-prone areas until all-clear messages can be delivered. This will be challenging given the estimated 91,956 residents, 81,277 employees, as well as numerous public venues, dependent-population facilities, community-support businesses, and high-volume beaches that are in the 79 incorporated communities and 17 counties that have land in the scenario tsunami-inundation zone. Although all coastal communities face some level of threat from this scenario, the highest concentrations of people in the scenario tsunami-inundation zone are in Long Beach, San Diego, Newport Beach, Huntington Beach, and San Francisco. Communities also vary in the prevalent categories of populations that are in scenario tsunami-inundation zones, such as residents in Long Beach, employees in San Francisco, tourists at public venues in Santa Cruz, and beach or park visitors in unincorporated Los Angeles County. Certain communities have higher percentages of groups that may need targeted outreach and preparedness training, such as renters, the very young and very old, and individuals with limited English-language skills or no English-language skills at all. Sustained education and targeted evacuation messaging is also important at several high-occupancy public venues in the scenario tsunami-inundation zone (for example, city and county beaches, State or national parks, and amusement parks). Evacuations will be challenging, particularly for certain dependent-care populations, such as patients at hospitals and children at schools and daycare centers. We estimate that approximately 8,678 of the 91,956 residents in the scenario inundation zone are likely to need publicly provided shelters in the short term. Information presented in this report could be used to support emergency managers in their efforts to identify where additional preparedness and outreach activities may be needed to manage risks associated with California tsunamis.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario (Open File Report 2013-1170)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170I","usgsCitation":"Wood, N., Ratliff, J., Peters, J., and Shoaf, K., 2013, Population vulnerability and evacuation challenges in California for the SAFRR tsunami scenario: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, vi, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170I.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science 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,{"id":70048005,"text":"ofr20131170M - 2013 - Public-policy issues associated with the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70048005,"text":"ofr20131170M - 2013 - Public-policy issues associated with the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario","indexId":"ofr20131170M","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"M","title":"Public-policy issues associated with the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70047964,"text":"ofr20131170 - 2013 - The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario","indexId":"ofr20131170","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70047964,"text":"ofr20131170 - 2013 - The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario","indexId":"ofr20131170","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-13T17:16:00.934979","indexId":"ofr20131170M","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T06:13:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"M","title":"Public-policy issues associated with the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario","docAbstract":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) tsunami scenario simulates a tsunami generated by a hypothetical magnitude 9.1 earthquake that occurs offshore of the Alaska Peninsula (Kirby and others, 2013). In addition to the work performed by the authors on public-policy issues associated with the SAFRR tsunami scenario, this section of the scenario also reflects the policy discussions of the State of California’s Tsunami Policy Work Group, a voluntary advisory body formed in October 2011, which operates under the California Natural Resources Agency (CNRA), Department of Conservation, and is charged with identifying, evaluating, and making recommendations to resolve issues that are preventing full and effective implementation of tsunami hazard mitigation and risk reduction throughout California’s coastal communities. It also presents the analyses of plans and hazard policies of California’s coastal counties, incorporated cities, and major ports performed by the staff of the California Geological Survey (CGS) and Lauren Prehoda, Office of Environmental and Government Affairs, California Department of Conservation. It also draws on the policy framework and assessment prepared for the ARkStorm Pacific Coast winter storm and catastrophic flooding (Topping and others, 2010).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario (Open File Report 2013-1170)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170M","usgsCitation":"Johnson, L., and Real, C., 2013, Public-policy issues associated with the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, v, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170M.","productDescription":"v, 39 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046335","costCenters":[{"id":553,"text":"Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277347,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131170m.gif"},{"id":277345,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/m/index.html"},{"id":277346,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/m/pdf/of2013-1170m.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522aeb6ae4b08fd0132e7955","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Laurie","contributorId":11294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Laurie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Real, Chuck","contributorId":23058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Real","given":"Chuck","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048011,"text":"ofr20131170L - 2013 - Tsunami mitigation and preparedness activities in California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70048011,"text":"ofr20131170L - 2013 - Tsunami mitigation and preparedness activities in California","indexId":"ofr20131170L","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"L","title":"Tsunami mitigation and preparedness activities in California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70047964,"text":"ofr20131170 - 2013 - The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario","indexId":"ofr20131170","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70047964,"text":"ofr20131170 - 2013 - The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario","indexId":"ofr20131170","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-13T17:17:25.09101","indexId":"ofr20131170L","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T02:22:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"L","title":"Tsunami mitigation and preparedness activities in California","docAbstract":"Scenario planning and final results associated with the U.S. Geological Survey Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR) tsunami project are providing great benefits to the ongoing tsunami risk-reduction efforts of the California Tsunami Preparedness and Hazard Mitigation Program. This program, led by the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services and the California Geological Survey, works with coastal communities to improve tsunami preparedness and mitigation at the local level through various efforts, such as improving tsunami hazard analysis, establishing consistent evacuation communications and planning, and leveraging national risk-reduction efforts associated with the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program. The recent 2010 Chilean and 2011 Tohoku tsunamis did not cause notable inundation of dry land in California, but dozens of harbors sustained damages totaling nearly $100 million (Wilson and others, 2012a). Estimates associated with the SAFRR distant tsunami scenario suggest socioeconomic and environmental losses could be even larger. Information gathered from these events and the SAFRR scenario is guiding the development and implementation of new strategies for emergency response, maritime planning, and land-use planning, including a reassessment of the tsunami threat along the California coast;\nscenario-specific, tsunami evacuation “playbook” maps and guidance in-harbor hazard maps and offshore safety zones for potential boat evacuation during future distant source events; “probability-based” products for land-use planning under the California Seismic Hazard Mapping Act; and an expansion of real-time and post-tsunami field reconnaissance teams and information sharing through a state-wide clearinghouse. The state tsunami program has benefitted greatly from participation in the SAFRR tsunami scenario process, and hopes to continue this relationship with the U.S. Geological Survey to help improve tsunami preparedness in California.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario (Open File Report 2013-1170)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170L","usgsCitation":"Wilson, R., and Miller, K., 2013, Tsunami mitigation and preparedness activities in California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, v, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170L.","productDescription":"v, 10 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":553,"text":"Science Application for Risk Reduction 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,{"id":70048006,"text":"ofr20131170K - 2013 - Communication products for the Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR) tsunami scenario: Chapter K in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T02:19:04","indexId":"ofr20131170K","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T02:05:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"K","title":"Communication products for the Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR) tsunami scenario: Chapter K in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>","docAbstract":"Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR), like its predecessor the Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project, has a mission to increase the use of science by decision-makers of all kinds. Thus, an important part of any SAFRR scenario is development of products that enhance usability of the science. In this tsunami scenario, the focus has been on development of three kinds of products: products that augment typical outputs of scientific studies, such as reports, to make the results of the scenario more relevant and usable to nonscientists; products that distill local impacts and allow users in specific locales to identify which aspects of the broad regional study apply to their local area; and\nproducts that effectively deliver disaster preparedness messaging to one group of people who are not usually interested in disaster preparedness—those ages 18 to 34.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario (Open File Report 2013-1170)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Sruvey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170K","collaboration":"Chapter K:  in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/\" target=\"_blank\">Open File Report 2013-1170</a>.","usgsCitation":"Perry, S.C., 2013, Communication products for the Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR) tsunami scenario: Chapter K in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170K.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046332","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277339,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/k/"},{"id":277340,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/k/pdf/of2013-1170k.pdf"},{"id":277341,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131170k.gif"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522aeb66e4b08fd0132e7929","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Suzanne C. 0000-0002-6370-4326 scperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-4326","contributorId":5227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Suzanne","email":"scperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70048010,"text":"ofr20131170J - 2013 - Emergency management response to a warning-level Alaska-source tsunami impacting California: Chapter J in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T02:02:57","indexId":"ofr20131170J","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T01:39:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"J","title":"Emergency management response to a warning-level Alaska-source tsunami impacting California: Chapter J in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>","docAbstract":"This chapter is directed towards two audiences: Firstly, it targets nonemergency management readers, providing them with insight on the process and challenges facing emergency managers in responding to tsunami Warning, particularly given this “short fuse” scenario. It is called “short fuse” because there is only a 5.5-hour window following the earthquake before arrival of the tsunami within which to evaluate the threat, disseminate alert and warning messages, and respond. This action initiates a period when crisis communication is of paramount importance. An additional dynamic that is important to note is that within 15 minutes of the earthquake, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Weather Service (NWS) will issue alert bulletins for the entire Pacific Coast. This is one-half the time actually presented by recent tsunamis from Japan, Chile, and Samoa. Second, the chapter provides emergency managers at all levels with insights into key considerations they may need to address in order to augment their existing plans and effectively respond to tsunami events. We look at emergency management response to the tsunami threat from three perspectives:“Top Down” (Threat analysis and Alert/Warning information from the Federal agency charged with Alert and Warning) “Bottom Up” (Emergency management’s Incident Command approach to responding to emergencies and disasters based on the needs of impacted local jurisdictions) “Across Time” (From the initiating earthquake event through emergency response) We focus on these questions: What are the government roles, relationships, and products that support Tsunami Alert and Warning dissemination? (Emergency Planning and Preparedness.) What roles, relationships, and products support emergency management response to Tsunami Warning and impact? (Engendering prudent public safety response.) What are the key emergency management activities, considerations, and challenges brought out by the SAFRR tsunami scenario? (Real emergencies) How do these activities, considerations, and challenges play out as the tsunami event unfolds across the “life” of the event? (Lessons)","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario (Open File Report 2013-1170)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170J","collaboration":"Chapter J in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/\" target=\"_blank\">Open File Report 2013-1170</a>","usgsCitation":"Miller, K.M., and Long, K., 2013, Emergency management response to a warning-level Alaska-source tsunami impacting California: Chapter J in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, vi, 245 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170J.","productDescription":"vi, 245 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":553,"text":"Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131170j.gif"},{"id":277336,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/j/pdf/of2013-1170j.pdf"},{"id":277337,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/j/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -124.48,42.01 ], [ -124.48,32.53 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522aeb68e4b08fd0132e7939","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Kevin M.","contributorId":77035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Kate","contributorId":88641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Kate","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048009,"text":"ofr20131170H - 2013 - Economic impacts of the SAFRR tsunami scenario in California: Chapter H in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T01:34:29","indexId":"ofr20131170H","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T01:12:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"H","title":"Economic impacts of the SAFRR tsunami scenario in California: Chapter H in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>","docAbstract":"This study evaluates the hypothetical economic impacts of the SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) tsunami scenario to the California economy. The SAFRR scenario simulates a tsunami generated by a hypothetical magnitude 9.1 earthquake that occurs offshore of the Alaska Peninsula (Kirby and others, 2013). Economic impacts are measured by the estimated reduction in California’s gross domestic product (GDP), the standard economic measure of the total value of goods and services produced. Economic impacts are derived from the physical damages from the tsunami as described by Porter and others (2013). The principal physical damages that result in disruption of the California economy are (1) about $100 million in damages to the twin Ports of Los Angeles (POLA) and Long Beach (POLB), (2) about $700 million in damages to marinas, and (3) about $2.5 billion in damages to buildings and contents (properties) in the tsunami inundation zone on the California coast. The study of economic impacts does not include the impacts from damages to roads, bridges, railroads, and agricultural production or fires in fuel storage facilities because these damages will be minimal with respect to the California economy. The economic impacts of damage to other California ports are not included in this study because detailed evaluation of the physical damage to these ports was not available in time for this report. The analysis of economic impacts is accomplished in several steps. First, estimates are made for the direct economic impacts that result in immediate business interruption losses in individual sectors of the economy due to physical damage to facilities or to disruption of the flow of production units (commodities necessary for production). Second, the total economic impacts (consisting of both direct and indirect effects) are measured by including the general equilibrium (essentially quantity and price multiplier effects) of lost production in other sectors by ripple effects upstream and downstream along the supply chain. An appropriate measure of the economic impacts on the California economy for the SAFRR tsunami scenario is the reduction in GDP. The economic impacts are first calculated without resilience, the ability of the economy to adjust to disruptions in ways that mute potential negative impacts. There are many types of resilience, including using existing inventories of materials, using unused capacity, conserving inputs, substituting for disrupted supplies, recapturing production after the disruption is restored, and many others. A method for estimating resilience, identified in the port system and sectors affected by property damages, is applied to indicate potential reductions of direct and total economic impacts. In this SAFRR tsunami scenario analysis of economic impacts to California, we implement established techniques used to model the economic impacts for two previous U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scenarios: the southern California Shakeout earthquake (Rose and others, 2011) and the California ARkStorm severe winter storm (Sue Wing and others, written commun., 2013). For the SAFRR tsunami scenario, we reviewed the relevant studies that assess economic impacts from previous tsunami events affecting California and elsewhere and estimate the economic impacts of potential tsunami and other threats to POLA and POLB. To our knowledge, assessment of impacts to the California economy from distant source tsunamis does not exist. Previous tsunamis, including those from the 1960 Chile earthquake, the 1964 Alaska earthquake, the 2008 Chile earthquake and the 2011 Japan earthquake, had only relatively minor or very localized severe damage (such as that in Crescent City in 1964), and no studies of the economic impacts were completed. A rare study of the economic impacts of a tsunami event has recently been produced for the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami (Kajitani and others, 2013). Quarterly declines in Japan’s GDP are observed to peak at ‒1.63 percent in the second quarter after the event and stagnate for the rest of the year. The majority of the economic impacts are attributed to the tsunami rather than the earthquake. The hardest hit sectors are identified as agriculture, fisheries, manufacturing, retail, and tourism. Other relevant studies have focused on the economic impacts of threats that close POLA and POLB. We find one analysis of a potential tsunami scenario affecting the California economy through disruption of port operations. Borrero and others (2005) estimated economic impacts to the southern California economy of $7 to $40 billion from a locally generated tsunami that closes POLA and POLB for as much as 1 year. There have also been several studies of the economic impacts of non-tsunami events affecting POLA and POLB. Analyses of an 11-day labor lockout produced a range of estimated national impacts of as much as $1.94 billion/day (Park and others 2008, Martin Associates 2001). Examination of a potential terrorist attack that closes the San Pedro port for 1 month yielded a $29 billion impact to the California economy (Park, 2008). These studies have reinforced the importance of recognizing economic resilience in economic impact analyses. Hall (2004) criticized the upper-end estimate of national economic impacts from the labor lockout based on model shortcomings that neglected short-run substitution behavior and fixed the long-run economic behaviors. Following the 2011 Japanese tsunami, resilience was observed in the forms of rapid recovery of manufacturing sectors, energy conservation, and insurance (Kajitani and others, 2013).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario (Open File Report 2013-1170)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170H","collaboration":"Chapter H in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/\" target=\"_blank\">Open File Report 2013-1170</a>","usgsCitation":"Wein, A., Rose, A., Sue Wing, I., and Wei, D., 2013, Economic impacts of the SAFRR tsunami scenario in California: Chapter H in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, Report: 50 p.; Table D3: Excel file; Table D4: Excel file; Tsunami Port Direct Impacts without and with Resilience: Excel file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170H.","productDescription":"Report: 50 p.; Table D3: Excel file; Table D4: Excel file; Tsunami Port Direct Impacts without and with Resilience: Excel file","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277335,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131170h.gif"},{"id":277330,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/h/"},{"id":277331,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/h/pdf/of2013-1170h.pdf"},{"id":277332,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/h/downloads/table_d3.xlsx"},{"id":277333,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/h/downloads/table_d4.xlsx"},{"id":277334,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/h/downloads/Tsunami_Port_Direct_Impacts_without_and_with_Resilience.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -124.48,42.01 ], [ -124.48,32.53 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522aeb68e4b08fd0132e7935","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wein, Anne 0000-0002-5516-3697 awein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-3697","contributorId":589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne","email":"awein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, Adam","contributorId":82573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Adam","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sue Wing, Ian","contributorId":54503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sue Wing","given":"Ian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wei, Dan","contributorId":26962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047997,"text":"ofr20131171 - 2013 - Evaluation of the groundwater flow model for southern Utah and Goshen Valleys, Utah, updated to conditions through 2011, with new projections and groundwater management simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T15:27:37","indexId":"ofr20131171","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-05T14:38:53","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1171","title":"Evaluation of the groundwater flow model for southern Utah and Goshen Valleys, Utah, updated to conditions through 2011, with new projections and groundwater management simulations","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Southern Utah Valley Municipal Water Association, updated an existing USGS model of southern Utah and Goshen Valleys for hydrologic and climatic conditions from 1991 to 2011 and used the model for projection and groundwater management simulations. All model files used in the transient model were updated to be compatible with MODFLOW-2005 and with the additional stress periods. The well and recharge files had the most extensive changes. Discharge to pumping wells in southern Utah and Goshen Valleys was estimated and simulated on an annual basis from 1991 to 2011. Recharge estimates for 1991 to 2011 were included in the updated model by using precipitation, streamflow, canal diversions, and irrigation groundwater withdrawals for each year. The model was evaluated to determine how well it simulates groundwater conditions during recent increased withdrawals and drought, and to determine if the model is adequate for use in future planning. In southern Utah Valley, the magnitude and direction of annual water-level fluctuation simulated by the updated model reasonably match measured water-level changes, but they do not simulate as much decline as was measured in some locations from 2000 to 2002. Both the rapid increase in groundwater withdrawals and the total groundwater withdrawals in southern Utah Valley during this period exceed the variations and magnitudes simulated during the 1949 to 1990 calibration period. It is possible that hydraulic properties may be locally incorrect or that changes, such as land use or irrigation diversions, occurred that are not simulated. In the northern part of Goshen Valley, simulated water-level changes reasonably match measured changes. Farther south, however, simulated declines are much less than measured declines. Land-use changes indicate that groundwater withdrawals in Goshen Valley are possibly greater than estimated and simulated. It is also possible that irrigation methods, amount of diversions, or other factors have changed that are not simulated or that aquifer properties are incorrectly simulated. The model can be used for projections about the effects of future groundwater withdrawals and managed aquifer recharge in southern Utah Valley, but rapid changes in withdrawals and increasing withdrawals dramatically may reduce the accuracy of the predicted water-level and groundwater-budget changes. The model should not be used for projections in Goshen Valley until additional withdrawal and discharge data are collected and the model is recalibrated if necessary. Model projections indicate large drawdowns of up to 400 feet and complete cessation of natural discharge in some areas with potential future increases in water use. Simulated managed aquifer recharge counteracts those effects. Groundwater management examples indicate that drawdown could be less, and discharge at selected springs could be greater, with optimized groundwater withdrawals and managed aquifer recharge than without optimization. Recalibration to more recent stresses and seasonal stress periods, and collection of new withdrawal, stream, land-use, and discharge data could improve the model fit to water-level changes and the accuracy of predictions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131171","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Southern Utah Valley Municipal Water Association","usgsCitation":"Brooks, L.E., 2013, Evaluation of the groundwater flow model for southern Utah and Goshen Valleys, Utah, updated to conditions through 2011, with new projections and groundwater management simulations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1171, vi, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131171.","productDescription":"vi, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"46","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277324,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131171.jpg"},{"id":277322,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1171/"},{"id":277323,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1171/pdf/ofr2013-1171.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Goshen Valley, Southern Utah Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112,39.5 ], [ -112,40.6 ], [ -111.16,40.6 ], [ -111.16,39.5 ], [ -112,39.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522999dfe4b0f33a3916774c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, Lynette E. 0000-0002-9074-0939 lebrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-0939","contributorId":2718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Lynette","email":"lebrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047989,"text":"ofr20131003 - 2013 - Sea-floor geology in northeastern Block Island Sound, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T18:25:20","indexId":"ofr20131003","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-05T11:10:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1003","title":"Sea-floor geology in northeastern Block Island Sound, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"Multibeam-echosounder and sidescan-sonar data collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in northeastern Block Island Sound, combined with sediment samples and bottom photography collected by the U.S. Geological Survey, are used to interpret sea-floor features and sedimentary environments in this 52-square-kilometer-area offshore Rhode Island. Boulders, which are often overgrown with sessile fauna and flora, are mostly in water depths shallower than 20 meters. They are probably part of the southern flank of the Harbor Hill-Roanoke Point-Charlestown-Buzzards Bay moraine, deposited about 18,000 years ago. Scour depressions, areas of the sea floor with a coarser grained, rippled surface lying about 0.5 meter below the finer grained, surrounding sea floor, along with erosional outliers within the depressions are in a band near shore and also offshore in deep parts of the study area. Textural and bathymetric differences between areas of scour depressions and the surrounding sea floor or erosional outliers stand out in the sidescan-sonar imagery with sharp tonal contrasts. Also visible in the sidescan-sonar imagery are broad, low-profile bedforms with coarser grained troughs and finer grained crests.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131003","usgsCitation":"McMullen, K.Y., Poppe, L., Ackerman, S.D., Blackwood, D.S., Lewit, P., and Parker, C.E., 2013, Sea-floor geology in northeastern Block Island Sound, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1003, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131003.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131003.gif"},{"id":277308,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1003/title_page.html"},{"id":277307,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1003/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode 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41.31506189270702], [-71.50345443916535, 41.317995851246785], [-71.58562162860615, 41.31784956254495], [-71.58778440304559, 41.319941612472185], [-71.58710923048693, 41.32127764173243], [-71.59124618190611, 41.33218678973423], [-71.59386077742757, 41.33167908798708], [-71.59442201864425, 41.33340476516445], [-71.59180776858346, 41.333922788744744], [-71.59641129412461, 41.34230429998661], [-71.60010486401836, 41.35410546959327], [-71.60499068474991, 41.35576934379792], [-71.60420792464902, 41.35737451918481], [-71.60178406235555, 41.35724755200918], [-71.6039460832202, 41.36287784322058], [-71.5946278180612, 41.36408657018692], [-71.5818296039617, 41.368377398403744], [-71.57016462918762, 41.370217377514166], [-71.56427358411975, 41.369435605244334], [-71.55983530838853, 41.37185053766479], [-71.54891044879882, 41.37318158607775], [-71.54231452272455, 41.36980449400686], [-71.54045204023959, 41.37121259150273], [-71.52953811910157, 41.37184259242489], [-71.527419120655, 41.37583009835655], [-71.52008374206325, 41.37503507413786], [-71.51657022413279, 41.372477853249826], [-71.51494839567096, 41.377648161406746], [-71.5126029050341, 41.377571565273065], [-71.5127361083695, 41.374865718724074]]]}, \"properties\": {\"extentType\": \"Custom\", \"code\": \"\", \"name\": \"\", \"notes\": \"\", \"promotedForReuse\": false, \"abbreviation\": \"\", \"shortName\": \"\", \"description\": \"\"}, \"bbox\": [-71.60499068474991, 41.31506189270702, -71.47765444441654, 41.377648161406746], \"type\": \"Feature\", \"id\": \"3091983\"}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522999e0e4b0f33a39167754","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMullen, Kate Y.","contributorId":8582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"Kate","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poppe, Lawrence J. 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dblackwood@usgs.gov","contributorId":2457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"Dann","email":"dblackwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lewit, P.G.","contributorId":76028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewit","given":"P.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parker, Castle E.","contributorId":28684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"Castle","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12448,"text":"U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":483519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70047984,"text":"ofr20131170F - 2013 - Potential Environmental and Environmental-Health Implications of the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario in California: Chapter F in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-04T16:02:54","indexId":"ofr20131170F","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-04T15:43:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"F","title":"Potential Environmental and Environmental-Health Implications of the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario in California: Chapter F in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>","docAbstract":"The California Tsunami Scenario models the impacts of a hypothetical, yet plausible, tsunami caused by an earthquake offshore from the Alaska Peninsula. In this chapter, we interpret plausible tsunami-related contamination, environmental impacts, potential for human exposures to contaminants and hazardous materials, and implications for remediation and recovery. Inundation-related damages to major ports, boat yards, and many marinas could release complex debris, crude oil, various fuel types and other petroleum products, some liquid bulk cargo and dry bulk cargo, and diverse other pollutants into nearby coastal marine environments and onshore in the inundation zone. Tsunami-induced erosion of contaminated harbor bottom sediments could re-expose previously sequestered metal and organic pollutants (for example, organotin or DDT). Inundation-related damage to many older buildings could produce debris containing lead paint, asbestos, pesticides, and other legacy contaminants. Intermingled household debris and externally derived debris and sediments would be left in flooded buildings. Post tsunami, mold would likely develop in inundated houses, buildings, and debris piles. Tsunamigenic fires in spilled oil, debris, cargo, vehicles, vegetation, and residential, commercial, or industrial buildings and their contents would produce potentially toxic gases and smoke, airborne ash, and residual ash/debris containing caustic alkali solids, metal toxicants, asbestos, and various organic toxicants. Inundation of and damage to wastewater treatment plants in many coastal cities could release raw sewage containing fecal solids, pathogens, and waste chemicals, as well as chemicals used to treat wastewaters. Tsunami-related physical damages, debris, and contamination could have short- and longer-term impacts on the environment and the health of coastal marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Marine habitats in intertidal zones, marshes, sloughs, and lagoons could be damaged by erosion or sedimentation, and could receive an influx of debris, metal and organic contaminants, and sewage-related pathogens. Debris and re-exposed contaminated sediments would be a source of sea- or rain-water-leachable metal and organic contaminants that could pose chronic toxicity threats to ecosystems.\nIf human populations are successfully evacuated prior to the tsunami arrival, there would be no or limited numbers of drownings, other casualties, or related injuries, wounds, and infections. Immediately after the tsunami, human populations away from the inundation zone could be transiently exposed to airborne gases, smoke, and ash from tsunamigenic fires. Cleanup and disposal, particularly of hazardous materials, would pose substantial logistical challenges and economic costs. Given the high value of the coastal residential and commercial properties in the inundation zone, it can be postulated that there would be substantial insurance claims for environmental restoration, mold mitigation, disposal of debris that contains hazardous materials, and costs of litigation related to environmental liability. Post-tsunami cleanup, if done with appropriate mitigation (for example, dust control), personal protection, and disposal measures, would help reduce the potential for cleanup-worker and resident exposures to toxicants and pathogens in harbor waters, debris, soils, ponded waters, and buildings. A number of other steps can be taken by governments, businesses, and residents to help reduce the environmental impacts of tsunamis and to recover more quickly from these environmental impacts. For example, development of State and local policies that foster rapid assessment of potential contamination, as well as rapid decision making for disposal options should hazardous debris or sediment be identified, would help enhance recovery by speeding cleanup.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario (Open File Report 2013-1170)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170F","collaboration":"Chapter F in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/\" target=\"_blank\">Open File Report 2013-1170</a>","usgsCitation":"Plumlee, G.S., Morman, S.A., and San Juan, C., 2013, Potential Environmental and Environmental-Health Implications of the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario in California: Chapter F in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170F.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":553,"text":"Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277295,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/f/index.html"},{"id":277296,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/f/pdf/of2013-1170f.pdf"},{"id":277297,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131170f.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.48,32.53 ], [ -124.48,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.48,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52284861e4b06291bed8039c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morman, Suzette A. 0000-0002-2532-1033 smorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-1033","contributorId":996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morman","given":"Suzette","email":"smorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"San Juan, Carma 0000-0002-9151-1919","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9151-1919","contributorId":64144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"San Juan","given":"Carma","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047983,"text":"ofr20131170E - 2013 - The SAFRR tsunami scenario-physical damage in California: Chapter E in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T07:40:51","indexId":"ofr20131170E","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-04T15:28:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"E","title":"The SAFRR tsunami scenario-physical damage in California: Chapter E in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>","docAbstract":"his chapter attempts to depict a single realistic outcome of the SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) tsunami scenario in terms of physical damage to and recovery of various aspects of the built environment in California. As described elsewhere in this report, the tsunami is generated by a hypothetical magnitude 9.1 earthquake seaward of the Alaska Peninsula on the Semidi Sector of the Alaska–Aleutian Subduction Zone, 495 miles southwest of Anchorage, at 11:50 a.m. Pacific Daylight Time (PDT) on Thursday March 27, 2014, and arriving at the California coast between 4:00 and 5:40 p.m. (depending on location) the same day. Although other tsunamis could have locally greater impact, this source represents a substantial threat to the state as a whole. One purpose of this chapter is to help operators and users of coastal assets throughout California to develop emergency plans to respond to a real tsunami. Another is to identify ways that operators or owners of these assets can think through options for reducing damage before a future tsunami. A third is to inform the economic analyses for the SAFRR tsunami scenario. And a fourth is to identify research needs to better understand the possible consequences of a tsunami on these assets. The asset classes considered here include the following: Piers, cargo, buildings, and other assets at the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach Large vessels in the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach Marinas and small craft Coastal buildings Roads and roadway bridges Rail, railway bridges, and rolling stock Agriculture Fire following tsunami Each asset class is examined in a subsection of this chapter. In each subsection, we generally attempt to offer a historical review of damage. We characterize and quantify the assets exposed to loss and describe the modes of damage that have been observed in past tsunamis or are otherwise deemed likely to occur in the SAFRR tsunami scenario. Where practical, we offer a mathematical model of the damageability of assets exposed to loss. Then, applying the damageability model and the velocity, wave amplitude, and inundation models discussed in other SAFRR chapters we offer a single realistic depiction of damage. Other outcomes are of course possible for this hypothetical event. Where practical we estimate repair costs and estimate the duration required to restore the assets to their pre-tsunami condition. We identify opportunities to enhance the resiliency of the assets, either through making them less vulnerable to damage or able to recover more quickly in spite of the damage. Finally, we identify uncertainties in the modeling where research would improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of damage and loss or otherwise improve our ability to estimate the future impacts of tsunamis and inform risk-management decisions for tsunamis. However, it is certain that the kinds of damages discussed here have occurred in past tsunamis, even in developed nations, and in a sufficiently large event, will occur in California. Our uncertainties can operate in either direction, either leading to an overestimate of damage or an underestimate. Therefore, losses in an actual future tsunami could be greater than depicted here. Furthermore this evaluation is not intended to be an exhaustive depiction of what could happen in this or similar tsunamis. Other impacts could occur that are not presented here.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario (Open File Report 2013-1170)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170E","collaboration":"Chapter E in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>.  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,{"id":70047981,"text":"ofr20131170D - 2013 - Modeling for the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario-generation, propagation, inundation, and currents in ports and harbors: Chapter D in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-04T15:26:33","indexId":"ofr20131170D","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-04T15:06:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"D","title":"Modeling for the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario-generation, propagation, inundation, and currents in ports and harbors: Chapter D in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>","docAbstract":"This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Open-File report presents a compilation of tsunami modeling studies for the Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR) tsunami scenario. These modeling studies are based on an earthquake source specified by the SAFRR tsunami source working group (Kirby and others, 2013). The modeling studies in this report are organized into three groups. The first group relates to tsunami generation. The effects that source discretization and horizontal displacement have on tsunami initial conditions are examined in section 1 (Whitmore and others). In section 2 (Ryan and others), dynamic earthquake rupture models are explored in modeling tsunami generation. These models calculate slip distribution and vertical displacement of the seafloor as a result of realistic fault friction, physical properties of rocks surrounding the fault, and dynamic stresses resolved on the fault. The second group of papers relates to tsunami propagation and inundation modeling. Section 3 (Thio) presents a modeling study for the entire California coast that includes runup and inundation modeling where there is significant exposure and estimates of maximum velocity and momentum flux at the shoreline. In section 4 (Borrero and others), modeling of tsunami propagation and high-resolution inundation of critical locations in southern California is performed using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Method of Splitting Tsunami (MOST) model and NOAA’s Community Model Interface for Tsunamis (ComMIT) modeling tool. Adjustments to the inundation line owing to fine-scale structures such as levees are described in section 5 (Wilson). The third group of papers relates to modeling of hydrodynamics in ports and harbors. Section 6 (Nicolsky and Suleimani) presents results of the model used at the Alaska Earthquake Information Center for the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, as well as synthetic time series of the modeled tsunami for other selected locales in southern California. Importantly, section 6 provides a comparison of the effect of including horizontal displacements at the source described in section 1 and differences in bottom friction on wave heights and inundation in the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. Modeling described in section 7 (Lynett and Son) uses a higher order physical model to determine variations of currents during the tsunami and complex flow structures such as jets and eddies. Section 7 also uses sediment transport models to estimate scour and deposition of sediment in ports and harbors—a significant effect that was observed in southern California following the 2011 Tohoku tsunami. Together, all of the sections in this report form the basis for damage, impact, and emergency preparedness aspects of the SAFRR tsunami scenario. Three sections of this report independently calculate wave height and inundation results using the source specified by Kirby and others (2013). Refer to figure 29 in section 3, figure 52 in section 4, and figure 62 in section 6. All of these results are relative to a mean high water (MHW) vertical datum. Slight differences in the results are observed in East Basin of the Port of Los Angeles, Alamitos Bay, and the Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge. However, given that these three modeling efforts involved different implementations of the source, different numerical wave propagation and runup models, and slight differences in the digital elevation models (DEMs), the similarity among the results is remarkable.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario (Open File Report 2013-1170)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170D","collaboration":"Chapter D in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/\" target=\"_blank\">Open File Report 2013-1170</a>.","usgsCitation":"SAFRR Tsunami Modeling Working Group, 2013, Modeling for the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario-generation, propagation, inundation, and currents in ports and harbors: Chapter D in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, x, 136 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170D.","productDescription":"x, 136 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046059","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":438782,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9X1MGE7","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Simulation and visualization of coastal tsunami impacts from the SAFRR tsunami source"},{"id":277291,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131170d.gif"},{"id":277286,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/d/pdf/of2013-1170d.pdf"},{"id":277287,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/d/index.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.48,32.53 ], [ -124.48,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.48,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52284860e4b06291bed80398","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"SAFRR Tsunami Modeling Working Group","contributorId":128010,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"SAFRR Tsunami Modeling Working Group","id":535584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047973,"text":"ofr20131170B - 2013 - Alaska earthquake source for the SAFRR tsunami scenario: Chapter B in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T12:46:27","indexId":"ofr20131170B","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-04T13:42:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"B","title":"Alaska earthquake source for the SAFRR tsunami scenario: Chapter B in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>","docAbstract":"Tsunami modeling has shown that tsunami sources located along the Alaska Peninsula segment of the Aleutian-Alaska subduction zone have the greatest impacts on southern California shorelines by raising the highest tsunami waves for a given source seismic moment. The most probable sector for a M<sub>w</sub> ~ 9 source within this subduction segment is between Kodiak Island and the Shumagin Islands in what we call the Semidi subduction sector; these bounds represent the southwestern limit of the 1964 M<sub>w</sub> 9.2 Alaska earthquake rupture and the northeastern edge of the Shumagin sector that recent Global Positioning System (GPS) observations indicate is currently creeping. Geological and geophysical features in the Semidi sector that are thought to be relevant to the potential for large magnitude, long-rupture-runout interplate thrust earthquakes are remarkably similar to those in northeastern Japan, where the destructive M<sub>w</sub> 9.1 tsunamigenic earthquake of 11 March 2011 occurred. In this report we propose and justify the selection of a tsunami source seaward of the Alaska Peninsula for use in the Tsunami Scenario that is part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR) Project. This tsunami source should have the potential to raise damaging tsunami waves on the California coast, especially at the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. Accordingly, we have summarized and abstracted slip distribution from the source literature on the 2011 event, the best characterized for any subduction earthquake, and applied this synoptic slip distribution to the similar megathrust geometry of the Semidi sector. The resulting slip model has an average slip of 18.6 m and a moment magnitude of M<sub>w</sub> = 9.1. The 2011 Tohoku earthquake was not anticipated, despite Japan having the best seismic and geodetic networks in the world and the best historical record in the world over the past 1,500 years. What was lacking was adequate paleogeologic data on prehistoric earthquakes and tsunamis, a data gap that also presently applies to the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleutian Islands. Quantitative appraisal of potential tsunami sources in Alaska requires such investigations.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario (Open File Report 2013-1170)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170B","collaboration":"This report is Chapter B in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/\" target=\"_blank\">Open File Report 2013-1170</a>.","usgsCitation":"Kirby, S., Scholl, D., von Huene, R.E., and Wells, R., 2013, Alaska earthquake source for the SAFRR tsunami scenario: Chapter B in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, Report: vi, 40 p.; Table 3: Excel file; Appendix A: Excel file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170B.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 40 p.; Table 3: Excel file; Appendix A: Excel file","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277278,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131170b.gif"},{"id":277276,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/b/index.html"},{"id":277277,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/b/pdf/of2013-1170b_text.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -168.93,51.32 ], [ -168.93,58.33 ], [ -155.04,58.33 ], [ -155.04,51.32 ], [ -168.93,51.32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52284852e4b06291bed8038c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirby, Stephen","contributorId":89412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scholl, David","contributorId":81400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"von Huene, Roland E. 0000-0003-1301-3866 rvonhuene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3866","contributorId":191070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Huene","given":"Roland","email":"rvonhuene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wells, Ray 0000-0002-7796-0160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":71260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047968,"text":"ofr20131170A - 2013 - SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario--Executive Summary and Introduction: Chapter A in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-04T13:31:45","indexId":"ofr20131170A","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-04T12:01:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"A","title":"SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario--Executive Summary and Introduction: Chapter A in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>","docAbstract":"The Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR) tsunami scenario depicts a hypothetical but plausible tsunami created by an earthquake offshore from the Alaska Peninsula and its impacts on the California coast. The tsunami scenario is a collaboration between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the California Geological Survey, the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), other Federal, State, County, and local agencies, private companies, and academic and other institutions. This document presents evidence for past tsunamis, the scientific basis for the source, likely inundation areas, current velocities in key ports and harbors, physical damage and repair costs, economic consequences, environmental and ecological impacts, social vulnerability, emergency management and evacuation challenges, and policy implications for California associated with this hypothetical tsunami. We also discuss ongoing mitigation efforts by the State of California and new communication products. The intended users are those who need to make mitigation decisions before future tsunamis, and those who will need to make rapid decisions during tsunami events. The results of the tsunami scenario will help managers understand the context and consequences of their decisions and how they may improve preparedness and response. An evaluation component will assess the effectiveness of the scenario process for target stakeholders in a separate report to improve similar efforts in the future.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario (Open File Report 2013-1170)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170A","usgsCitation":"Ross, S.L., Jones, L.M., Miller, K., Porter, K.A., Wein, A., Wilson, R.I., Bahng, B., Barberopoulou, A., Borrero, J.C., Brosnan, D.M., Bwarie, J.T., Geist, E.L., Johnson, L., Kirby, S.H., Knight, W.R., Long, K., Lynett, P., Mortensen, C.E., Nicolsky, D.J., Perry, S.C., Plumlee, G.S., Real, C.R., Ryan, K., Suleimani, E., Thio, H., Titov, V.V., Whitmore, P.M., and Wood, N.J., 2013, SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario--Executive Summary and Introduction: Chapter A in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, xi, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170A.","productDescription":"xi, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277264,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/a/"},{"id":277265,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/a/pdf/of2013-1170a.pdf"},{"id":277267,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"This Report Is Chapter A In <i>the Safrr (science Application For Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>.  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The tsunami scenario is a collaboration between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the California Geological Survey (CGS), the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), other Federal, State, County, and local agencies, private companies, and academic and other institutions. This document presents evidence for past tsunamis, the scientific basis for the source, likely inundation areas, current velocities in key ports and harbors, physical damage and repair costs, economic consequences, environmental and ecological impacts, social vulnerability, emergency management and evacuation challenges, and policy implications for California associated with this hypothetical tsunami. We also discuss ongoing mitigation efforts by the State of California and new communication products. 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