Population growth has impacted ground-water resources in the western Mojave Desert, where declining water levels suggest that recharge rates have not kept pace with withdrawals. Recharge from the Mojave River, the largest hydrographic feature in the study area, is relatively well characterized. In contrast, recharge from numerous smaller streams that convey runoff from the bounding mountains is poorly characterized. The current study examined four representative streams to assess recharge from these intermittent sources. Hydraulic, thermal, geomorphic, chemical, and isotopic data were used to study recharge processes, from streamflow generation and infiltration to percolation through the unsaturated zone. Ground-water movement away from recharge areas was also assessed.
Infiltration in amounts sufficient to have a measurable effect on subsurface temperature profiles did not occur in every year in instrumented study reaches. In addition to streamflow availability, results showed the importance of sediment texture in controlling infiltration and eventual recharge. Infiltration amounts of about 0.7 meters per year were an approximate threshold for the occurrence of ground-water recharge. Estimated travel times through the thick unsaturated zones underlying channels reached several hundred years. Recharging fluxes were influenced by stratigraphic complexity and depositional dynamics. Because of channel meandering, not all water that penetrates beneath the root zone can be assumed to become recharge on active alluvial fans.
Away from study washes, elevated chloride concentrations and highly negative water potentials beneath the root zone indicated negligible recharge from direct infiltration of precipitation under current climatic conditions. In upstream portions of washes, generally low subsurface chloride concentrations and near-zero water potentials indicated downward movement of water toward the water table, driven primarily by gravity. Recharging conditions did not extend to the distal ends of all washes. Where urbanization had concentrated spatially distributed runoff into a small number of fixed channels, enhanced infiltration induced recharging conditions, mobilizing accumulated chloride.
Estimated amounts of ground-water recharge from the studied reaches were small. Extrapolating on the basis of drainage areas, the estimated aggregate recharge from small intermittent streams is minor compared to recharge from the Mojave River. Recharge is largely controlled by streamflow availability, which primarily reflects precipitation patterns. Precipitation in the Mojave Desert is strongly controlled by topography. Cool moist air masses from the Pacific Ocean are mostly blocked from entering the desert by the high mountains bordering its southern edge. Storms do, however, readily enter the region through Cajon Pass. These storms generate flow in the Mojave River that often reaches Afton Canyon, more than 150 kilometers downstream. The isotopic composition of ground water reflects the localization of recharge beneath the Mojave River. Similar processes occur near San Gorgonio Pass, 75 kilometers southeast from Cajon Pass along the bounding San Andreas Fault.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States (Professional Paper 1703)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1703G","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., Johnson, R.U., Kulongoski, J., and Predmore, S., 2007, Ground-water recharge from small intermittent streams in the western Mojave Desert, California (Version 1.0; March 20, 2008): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1703, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1703G.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"184","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396203,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83590.htm"},{"id":195304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11329,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1703/g/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116,\n 34.75\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 34.75\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 34.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0; 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Campaigns of intensive data collection were conducted in the Great Basin, Mojave Desert, Sonoran Desert, Rio Grande Rift, and Colorado Plateau physiographic areas. During the study period (1997 to 2002), the southwestern region went from wetter than normal conditions associated with a strong El Niño climatic pattern (1997–1998) to drier than normal conditions associated with a La Niña climatic pattern marked by unprecedented warmth in the western tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans (1998–2002). The strong El Niño conditions roughly doubled precipitation at the Great Basin, Mojave Desert, and Colorado Plateau study sites. Precipitation at all sites trended generally lower, producing moderate- to severe-drought conditions by the end of the study. Streamflow in regional rivers indicated diminishing ground-water recharge conditions, with annual-flow volumes declining to 10–46 percent of their respective long-term averages by 2002. Local streamflows showed higher variability, reflecting smaller scales of integration (in time and space) of the study-site watersheds. By the end of the study, extended periods (9–15 months) of zero or negligible flow were observed at half the sites. Summer monsoonal rains generated the majority of streamflow and associated recharge in the Sonoran Desert sites and the more southerly Rio Grande Rift site, whereas winter storms and spring snowmelt dominated the northern and westernmost sites. Proximity to moisture sources (primarily the Pacific Ocean and Gulf of California) and meteorologic fluctuations, in concert with orography, largely control the generation of focused ground-water recharge from ephemeral streamflow, although other factors (geology, soil, and vegetation) also are important. Watershed area correlated weakly with focused infiltration volumes, the latter providing an upper bound on associated ground-water recharge. Estimates of annual focused infiltration for the research sites ranged from about 105 to 107 cubic meters from contributing areas that ranged from 26 to 2,260 square kilometers.
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Periphyton data were statistically analyzed for possible differences between samples collected at upstream and downstream sites and before and after low-water crossings were modified on three streams, Big Brushy Creek, Tributary to East Fork of Sixmile Creek, and Tributary to Birds Creek, during 2003?04. Periphyton data also were analyzed for possible differences between samples collected at upstream and downstream sites on two streams, Tributary to Big Brushy Creek and Little Brushy Creek, during 1998?99 and 2003. Variations in periphyton communities could not be conclusively attributed to the modifications. Most of the significant changes in percent frequency of occurrence and average cell density of the 10 most frequently occurring periphyton taxa were increases at downstream sites after the hardened low-water crossing installations or modifications. However, these changes in the periphyton community are not necessarily deleterious to the community structure.\r\n\r\nWater-quality data collected from upstream and downstream sites on the five streams during 2003?04 were analyzed for possible differences caused by the hardened crossings. Generally, average water-quality values and concentrations were similar at upstream and downstream sites. When average water-quality values or concentrations changed significantly, they almost always changed significantly at both the upstream and downstream sites. It is probable that observed variations in water quality at both upstream and downstream sites are related to differences in rainfall and streamflow during the sample collection periods rather than an effect of the hardened low-water crossing installations or modifications, but additional study is needed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075279","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Joint Readiness Training Center and Fort Polk","usgsCitation":"Bryan, B.W., Bryan, C., Lovelace, J.K., and Tollett, R.W., 2007, Effects of Hardened Low-Water Crossings on Periphyton and Water Quality in Selected Streams at the Fort Polk Military Reservation, Louisiana, 1998-99 and 2003-04 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5279, vi, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075279.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11305,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5279/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.58333333333333,30.833333333333332 ], [ -93.58333333333333,31.416666666666668 ], [ -92.75,31.416666666666668 ], [ -92.75,30.833333333333332 ], [ -93.58333333333333,30.833333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688d02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryan, Barbara W.","contributorId":102938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bryan, C. Frederick","contributorId":106997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"C. 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Although this system is appropriate for the dissemination of large amounts of national demographic data, often the boundaries of the enumeration units do not reflect the distribution of the underlying statistical phenomena. Conventional mapping methods such as choropleth mapping, are primarily employed due to their ease of use. However, the analytical drawbacks of choropleth methods are well known ranging from (1) the artificial transition of population at the boundaries of mapping units to (2) the assumption that the phenomena is evenly distributed across the enumeration unit (when in actuality there can be significant variation). Many methods to map population distribution have been practiced in geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing fields. Many cartographers prefer dasymetric mapping to map population because of its ability to more accurately distribute data over geographic space. Similar to ?choropleth maps?, a dasymetric map utilizes standardized data (for example, census data). However, rather than using arbitrary enumeration zones to symbolize population distribution, a dasymetric approach introduces ancillary information to redistribute the standardized data into zones relative to land use and land cover (LULC), taking into consideration actual changing densities within the boundaries of the enumeration unit. Thus, new zones are created that correlate to the function of the map, capturing spatial variations in population density. The transfer of data from census enumeration units to ancillary-driven homogenous zones is performed by a process called areal interpolation.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/tm11C2","usgsCitation":"Sleeter, R., and Gould, M., 2007, Geographic Information System Software to Remodel Population Data Using Dasymetric Mapping Methods (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 11-C2, iii, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm11C2.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":293,"text":"Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11291,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm11c2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1de4b07f02db6a996f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sleeter, Rachel 0000-0003-3477-0436 rsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-0436","contributorId":666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Rachel","email":"rsleeter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gould, Michael mgould@usgs.gov","contributorId":4498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gould","given":"Michael","email":"mgould@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":294957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81245,"text":"ofr20071285 - 2007 - Digital mapping techniques '06 - Workshop proceedings","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180392,"text":"70180392 - 2007 - USGS national surveys and analysis projects: Preliminary compilation of integrated geological datasets for the United States: A section in Digital mapping techniques '06 - Workshop proceedings","indexId":"70180392","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"USGS national surveys and analysis projects: Preliminary compilation of integrated geological datasets for the United States: A section in Digital mapping techniques '06 - Workshop proceedings"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":81245,"text":"ofr20071285 - 2007 - Digital mapping techniques '06 - Workshop proceedings","indexId":"ofr20071285","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Digital mapping techniques '06 - Workshop proceedings"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-01T08:47:47","indexId":"ofr20071285","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1285","title":"Digital mapping techniques '06 - Workshop proceedings","docAbstract":"The Digital Mapping Techniques '06 (DMT'06) workshop was attended by more than 110 technical experts from 51 agencies, universities, and private companies, including representatives from 27 state geological surveys (see Appendix A of these Proceedings). This workshop was similar in nature to the previous nine meetings, which were held in Lawrence, Kansas (Soller, 1997), Champaign, Illinois (Soller, 1998), Madison, Wisconsin (Soller, 1999), Lexington, Kentucky (Soller, 2000), Tuscaloosa, Alabama (Soller, 2001), Salt Lake City, Utah (Soller, 2002), Millersville, Pennsylvania (Soller, 2003), Portland, Oregon (Soller, 2004), and Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Soller, 2005). This year's meeting was hosted by the Ohio Geological Survey, from June 11-14, 2006, on the Ohio State University campus in Columbus, Ohio. As in the previous meetings, the objective was to foster informal discussion and exchange of technical information. It is with great pleasure that I note that the objective was successfully met, as attendees continued to share and exchange knowledge and information, and renew friendships and collegial work begun at past DMT workshops.
Each DMT workshop has been coordinated by the Association of American State Geologists (AASG) and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Data Capture Working Group, the latter of which was formed in August 1996 to support the AASG and the USGS in their effort to build a National Geologic Map Database (see Soller, this volume, and http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/info/standards/datacapt/). The Working Group was formed because increased production efficiencies, standardization, and quality of digital map products were needed for the database - and for the State and Federal geological surveys - to provide more high-quality digital maps to the public.
At the 2006 meeting, oral and poster presentations and special discussion sessions emphasized: 1) methods for creating and publishing map products (here, \"publishing\" includes Web-based release); 2) field data capture software and techniques, including the use of LIDAR; 3) digital cartographic techniques; 4) migration of digital maps into ArcGIS Geodatabase format; 5) analytical GIS techniques; and 6) continued development of the National Geologic Map Database.
","conferenceTitle":"Digital mapping techniques '06","conferenceDate":"June 11-14, 2006","conferenceLocation":"Columbus, OH","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071285","usgsCitation":"2007, Digital mapping techniques '06 - Workshop proceedings: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1285, vi, 217 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071285.","productDescription":"vi, 217 p.","numberOfPages":"223","temporalStart":"2006-06-11","temporalEnd":"2006-06-14","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":362514,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1285/pdf/ofr2007-1285hr.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":11288,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1285/contents.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"publicComments":"Convened by the Association of American State Geologists and the United States Geological Survey; Hosted by the Ohio Geological Survey","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d58d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Soller, David R. 0000-0001-6177-8332 drsoller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-8332","contributorId":2700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"David","email":"drsoller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661510,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":81230,"text":"sir20075243 - 2007 - An initial-abstraction, constant-loss model for unit hydrograph modeling for applicable watersheds in Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T13:36:39","indexId":"sir20075243","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5243","title":"An initial-abstraction, constant-loss model for unit hydrograph modeling for applicable watersheds in Texas","docAbstract":"Estimation of representative hydrographs from design storms, which are known as design hydrographs, provides for cost-effective, riskmitigated design of drainage structures such as bridges, culverts, roadways, and other infrastructure. During 2001?07, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation, investigated runoff hydrographs, design storms, unit hydrographs,and watershed-loss models to enhance design hydrograph estimation in Texas. Design hydrographs ideally should mimic the general volume, peak, and shape of observed runoff hydrographs. Design hydrographs commonly are estimated in part by unit hydrographs. A unit hydrograph is defined as the runoff hydrograph that results from a unit pulse of excess rainfall uniformly distributed over the watershed at a constant rate for a specific duration. A time-distributed, watershed-loss model is required for modeling by unit hydrographs. This report develops a specific time-distributed, watershed-loss model known as an initial-abstraction, constant-loss model. For this watershed-loss model, a watershed is conceptualized to have the capacity to store or abstract an absolute depth of rainfall at and near the beginning of a storm. Depths of total rainfall less than this initial abstraction do not produce runoff. The watershed also is conceptualized to have the capacity to remove rainfall at a constant rate (loss) after the initial abstraction is satisfied. Additional rainfall inputs after the initial abstraction is satisfied contribute to runoff if the rainfall rate (intensity) is larger than the constant loss. The initial abstraction, constant-loss model thus is a two-parameter model. The initial-abstraction, constant-loss model is investigated through detailed computational and statistical analysis of observed rainfall and runoff data for 92 USGS streamflow-gaging stations (watersheds) in Texas with contributing drainage areas from 0.26 to 166 square miles. The analysis is limited to a previously described, watershed-specific, gamma distribution model of the unit hydrograph. In particular, the initial-abstraction, constant-loss model is tuned to the gamma distribution model of the unit hydrograph. A complex computational analysis of observed rainfall and runoff for the 92 watersheds was done to determine, by storm, optimal values of initial abstraction and constant loss. Optimal parameter values for a given storm were defined as those values that produced a modeled runoff hydrograph with volume equal to the observed runoff hydrograph and also minimized the residual sum of squares of the two hydrographs. Subsequently, the means of the optimal parameters were computed on a watershed-specific basis. These means for each watershed are considered the most representative, are tabulated, and are used in further statistical analyses. Statistical analyses of watershed-specific, initial abstraction and constant loss include documentation of the distribution of each parameter using the generalized lambda distribution. The analyses show that watershed development has substantial influence on initial abstraction and limited influence on constant loss. The means and medians of the 92 watershed-specific parameters are tabulated with respect to watershed development; although they have considerable uncertainty, these parameters can be used for parameter prediction for ungaged watersheds. The statistical analyses of watershed-specific, initial abstraction and constant loss also include development of predictive procedures for estimation of each parameter for ungaged watersheds. Both regression equations and regression trees for estimation of initial abstraction and constant loss are provided. The watershed characteristics included in the regression analyses are (1) main-channel length, (2) a binary factor representing watershed development, (3) a binary factor representing watersheds with an abundance of rocky and thin-soiled terrain, and (4) curve numb
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075243","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Asquith, W.H., and Roussel, M.C., 2007, An initial-abstraction, constant-loss model for unit hydrograph modeling for applicable watersheds in Texas (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5243, Report: vi, 82 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075243.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 82 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5243.jpg"},{"id":327685,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5243/downloads/pdf/sir2007-5243.pdf","size":"20.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":11272,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5243/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327686,"rank":102,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5243/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102,27 ], [ -102,34.25 ], [ -94,34.25 ], [ -94,27 ], [ -102,27 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686366","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roussel, Meghan C. mroussel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roussel","given":"Meghan","email":"mroussel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":294896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81225,"text":"ofr20071422 - 2007 - EAARL topography: Gulf Islands National Seashore: Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-05T20:20:18.40996","indexId":"ofr20071422","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1422","title":"EAARL topography: Gulf Islands National Seashore: Florida","docAbstract":"This Web site contains 33 lidar-derived bare earth topography maps and GIS files for the Gulf Islands National Seashore-Florida.
These lidar-derived topography maps were produced as a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program, FISC St. Petersburg, Florida, the National Park Service (NPS), Gulf Coast Network, Network Inventory and Monitoring Program, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Wallops Flight Facility. One objective of this research is to create techniques to survey coral reefs and barrier islands for the purposes of geomorphic change studies, habitat mapping, ecological monitoring, change detection, and event assessment. As part of this project, data from an innovative instrument under development at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility, the NASA Experimental Airborne Advanced Research Lidar (EAARL) are being used. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in this realm for measuring subaerial and submarine topography wthin cross-environment surveys. High spectral resolution, water-column correction, and low costs were found to be key factors in providing accurate and affordable imagery to costal resource managers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071422","usgsCitation":"Brock, J., Wright, C.W., Nayegandhi, A., Patterson, M., Wilson, I., and Travers, L.J., 2007, EAARL topography: Gulf Islands National Seashore: Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1422, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071422.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11267,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1422/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":190497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071422.gif"},{"id":292704,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1422/start.html","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":410057,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83553.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Islands National Seashore","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.4069,\n 30.3056\n ],\n [\n -87.4069,\n 30.3808\n ],\n [\n -86.9236,\n 30.3808\n ],\n [\n -86.9236,\n 30.3056\n ],\n [\n -87.4069,\n 30.3056\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c38f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":57422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nayegandhi, Amar","contributorId":37292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"Amar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patterson, Matt","contributorId":93982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, Iris","contributorId":37420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Iris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Travers, Laurinda J. ltravers@usgs.gov","contributorId":3002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Travers","given":"Laurinda","email":"ltravers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":294880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":81224,"text":"ofr20071375 - 2007 - EAARL topography: Cape Cod National Seashore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-15T20:37:10.754531","indexId":"ofr20071375","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1375","title":"EAARL topography: Cape Cod National Seashore","docAbstract":"This Web site contains 90 Lidar-derived bare earth topography maps and GIS files for the Cape Cod National Seashore.
\nThese Lidar-derived topography maps were produced as a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Florida Integrated Science Center (FISC) St. Petersburg, Florida, the National Park Service (NPS), Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network, Inventory and Monitoring Program, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Wallops Flight Facility. One objective of this research is to create techniques to survey coral reefs and barrier islands for the purposes of geomorphic change studies, habitat mapping, ecological monitoring, change detection, and event assessment. As part of this project, data from an innovative instrument under development at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility, the NASA Experimental Airborne Advanced Research Lidar (EAARL) are being used. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in this realm for measuring subaerial and submarine topography wthin cross-environment surveys. High spectral resolution, water-column correction, and low costs were found to be key factors in providing accurate and affordable imagery to coastal resource managers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071375","usgsCitation":"Brock, J., Wright, C.W., Patterson, M., Nayegandhi, A., and Travers, L.J., 2007, EAARL topography: Cape Cod National Seashore: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1375, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071375.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410571,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83552.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11266,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1375/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":292736,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1375/start.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071375.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod National Seashore","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.2506,41.6371 ], [ -70.2506,42.0858 ], [ -69.9235,42.0858 ], [ -69.9235,41.6371 ], [ -70.2506,41.6371 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a59e4b07f02db62fc01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":57422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patterson, Matt","contributorId":93982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nayegandhi, Amar","contributorId":37292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"Amar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Travers, Laurinda J. ltravers@usgs.gov","contributorId":3002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Travers","given":"Laurinda","email":"ltravers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":294875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":81138,"text":"pp1703 - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":81282,"text":"pp1703A - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States: Climatic and geologic framework","indexId":"pp1703A","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States: Climatic and geologic framework"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":81138,"text":"pp1703 - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States","indexId":"pp1703","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":81283,"text":"pp1703B - 2007 - Regional analysis of ground-water recharge","indexId":"pp1703B","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Regional analysis of ground-water recharge"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":81138,"text":"pp1703 - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States","indexId":"pp1703","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":81284,"text":"pp1703C - 2007 - Overview of ground-water recharge study sites","indexId":"pp1703C","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Overview of ground-water recharge study sites"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":81138,"text":"pp1703 - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States","indexId":"pp1703","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":81285,"text":"pp1703D - 2007 - Streamflow, infiltration, and ground-water recharge at Abo Arroyo, New Mexico","indexId":"pp1703D","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Streamflow, infiltration, and ground-water recharge at Abo Arroyo, New Mexico"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":81138,"text":"pp1703 - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States","indexId":"pp1703","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States"},"id":4},{"subject":{"id":81286,"text":"pp1703E - 2007 - Focused ground-water recharge in the Amargosa Desert Basin","indexId":"pp1703E","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Focused ground-water recharge in the Amargosa Desert Basin"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":81138,"text":"pp1703 - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States","indexId":"pp1703","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States"},"id":5},{"subject":{"id":81287,"text":"pp1703F - 2007 - Streamflow, infiltration, and recharge in Arroyo Hondo, New Mexico","indexId":"pp1703F","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","title":"Streamflow, infiltration, and recharge in Arroyo Hondo, New Mexico"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":81138,"text":"pp1703 - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States","indexId":"pp1703","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States"},"id":6},{"subject":{"id":81288,"text":"pp1703G - 2007 - Ground-water recharge from small intermittent streams in the western Mojave Desert, California","indexId":"pp1703G","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","title":"Ground-water recharge from small intermittent streams in the western Mojave Desert, California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":81138,"text":"pp1703 - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States","indexId":"pp1703","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States"},"id":7},{"subject":{"id":81289,"text":"pp1703H - 2007 - Estimated infiltration, percolation, and recharge rates at the Rillito Creek focused recharge investigation site, Pima County, Arizona","indexId":"pp1703H","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","title":"Estimated infiltration, percolation, and recharge rates at the Rillito Creek focused recharge investigation site, Pima County, Arizona"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":81138,"text":"pp1703 - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States","indexId":"pp1703","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States"},"id":8},{"subject":{"id":81290,"text":"pp1703I - 2007 - Infiltration and recharge at Sand Hollow, an upland bedrock basin in southwestern Utah","indexId":"pp1703I","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"I","title":"Infiltration and recharge at Sand Hollow, an upland bedrock basin in southwestern Utah"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":81138,"text":"pp1703 - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States","indexId":"pp1703","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States"},"id":9},{"subject":{"id":81291,"text":"pp1703J - 2007 - Ephemeral-stream channel and basin-floor infiltration and recharge in the Sierra Vista subwatershed of the upper San Pedro Basin, southeastern Arizona","indexId":"pp1703J","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"J","title":"Ephemeral-stream channel and basin-floor infiltration and recharge in the Sierra Vista subwatershed of the upper San Pedro Basin, southeastern Arizona"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":81138,"text":"pp1703 - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States","indexId":"pp1703","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States"},"id":10},{"subject":{"id":81292,"text":"pp1703K - 2007 - Streambed infiltration and ground-water flow from the Trout Creek drainage, an intermittent tributary to the Humboldt River, north-central Nevada","indexId":"pp1703K","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"K","title":"Streambed infiltration and ground-water flow from the Trout Creek drainage, an intermittent tributary to the Humboldt River, north-central Nevada"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":81138,"text":"pp1703 - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States","indexId":"pp1703","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States"},"id":11}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-24T14:51:34","indexId":"pp1703","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1703","title":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States","docAbstract":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States results from the complex interplay of climate, geology, and vegetation across widely ranging spatial and temporal scales. Present-day recharge tends to be narrowly focused in time and space. Widespread water-table declines accompanied agricultural development during the twentieth century, demonstrating that sustainable ground-water supplies are not guaranteed when part of the extracted resource represents paleorecharge. Climatic controls on ground-water recharge range from seasonal cycles of summer monsoonal and winter frontal storms to multimillennial cycles of glacial and interglacial periods. Precipitation patterns reflect global-scale interactions among the oceans, atmosphere, and continents. Large-scale climatic influences associated with El Niño and Pacific Decadal Oscillations strongly, but irregularly, control weather in the study area, so that year-to-year variations in precipitation and ground-water recharge are large and difficult to predict. Proxy data indicate geologically recent periods of naturally occurring multidecadal droughts unlike any in the modern instrumental record. Any anthropogenically induced climate change will likely reduce ground-water recharge through diminished snowpack at higher elevations. Future changes in El Niño and monsoonal patterns, both crucial to precipitation in the study area, are highly uncertain in current models. Current land-use modifications influence ground-water recharge through vegetation, irrigation, and impermeable area. High mountain ranges bounding the study area—the San Bernadino Mountains and Sierra Nevada to the west, and the Wasatch and southern Colorado Rocky Mountains to the east—provide external geologic controls on ground-water recharge. Internal geologic controls stem from tectonic processes that led to numerous, variably connected alluvial-filled basins, exposure of extensive Paleozoic aquifers in mountainous recharge areas, and distinct modes of recharge in the Colorado Plateau and Basin and Range subregions.
The chapters in this professional paper present (first) an overview of climatic and hydrogeologic framework (chapter A), followed by a regional analysis of ground-water recharge across the entire study area (chapter B). These are followed by an overview of site-specific case studies representing different subareas of the geographically diverse arid and semiarid southwestern United States (chapter C); the case studies themselves follow in chapters D–K. The regional analysis includes detailed hydrologic modeling within the framework of a high-resolution geographic-information system (GIS). Results from the regional analysis are used to explore both the distribution of ground-water recharge for mean climatic conditions as well as the influence of two climatic patterns—the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation—that impart a high degree of variability to the hydrologic cycle. Individual case studies employ a variety of geophysical and geochemical techniques to investigate recharge processes and relate the processes to local geologic and climatic conditions. All of the case studies made use of naturally occurring tracers to quantify recharge. Thermal and geophysical techniques that were developed in the course of the studies are presented in appendices.
The quantification of ground-water recharge in arid settings is inherently difficult due to the generally low amount of recharge, its spatially and temporally spotty nature, and the absence of techniques for directly measuring fluxes entering the saturated zone from the unsaturated zone. Deep water tables in arid alluvial basins correspond to thick unsaturated zones that produce up to millennial time lags between changes in hydrologic conditions at the land surface and subsequent changes in recharge to underlying ground water. Recent advances in physical, chemical, isotopic, and modeling techniques have fostered new types of recharge assessments. Chemical and isotopic techniques include an increasing variety of environmental tracers that are useful and robust. Physically based techniques include the use of heat as a tracer and computationally intensive geophysical imaging tools for characterizing hydrologic conditions in the unsaturated zone. Modeling-based techniques include spatially distributed water-budget computations using high-resolution remotely sensed and ground-based geographic data. Application of these techniques to arid and semiarid settings in the southwestern United States reveals distinct patterns of recharge corresponding to geologic setting, climatic and vegetative history, and land use. Analysis of recharge patterns shows that large expanses of alluvial basin floors are drying out under current climatic conditions, with little to no recharge to underlying ground water. Ground-water recharge occurs mainly beneath upland catchments in which thin soils overlie permeable bedrock, ephemeral channels in which flow may average only several hours per year, and active agricultural areas. The chapters in this professional paper represent a coordinated attempt to develop a better understanding of one of the Nation's most critical yet difficult-to-quantify renewable resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1703","usgsCitation":"2007, Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1703, 11 Chapters: A-K; 2 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1703.","productDescription":"11 Chapters: A-K; 2 Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11161,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1703/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124,25 ], [ -124,49 ], [ -93,49 ], [ -93,25 ], [ -124,25 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d4b5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725729,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Constantz, Jim","contributorId":66338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725730,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferré, Ty P.A.","contributorId":35647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferré","given":"Ty P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725731,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leake, Stanley A. 0000-0003-3568-2542 saleake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2542","contributorId":1846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"Stanley","email":"saleake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725732,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":81137,"text":"sir20075197 - 2007 - Consumptive Water-Use Coefficients for the Great Lakes Basin and Climatically Similar Areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:26","indexId":"sir20075197","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5197","title":"Consumptive Water-Use Coefficients for the Great Lakes Basin and Climatically Similar Areas","docAbstract":"Consumptive water use is the portion of water withdrawn (for a particular use) that is evaporated, transpired, incorporated into products or crops, consumed by humans or livestock, or otherwise removed from the immediate water environment. This report, which is organized by water?use categories, includes consumptive?use coefficients for the Great Lakes Basin (including Canada) and for areas climatically similar to the Great Lakes Basin. This report also contains an annotated bibliography of consumptive water?use coefficients. Selected references are listed for consumptive?use data from elsewhere in the world.\r\n\r\nFor the industrial water?use category, the median consumptive?use coefficients were 10 percent for the Great Lakes Basin, climatically similar areas, and the world; the 25th and 75th percentiles for these geographic areas were comparable within 6 percent. The combined domestic and public?supply consumptive?use statistics (median, 25th and 75th percentiles) were between 10 to 20 percent for the various geographic areas. Although summary statistics were similar for coefficients in the livestock and irrigation water?use categories for the Great Lakes Basin and climatically similar areas, statistic values for the world on a whole were substantially lower (15 to 28 percent lower). Commercial and thermoelectric power consumptive?use coefficient statistics (median, 25th, and 75th percentile) also were comparable for the Great Lakes Basin and climatically similar areas, within 2 percent. References for other countries were not found for commercial and thermoelectric power water?use categories. The summary statistics for the mining consumptive?use coefficients varied, likely because of differences in types of mining, processes, or equipment.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075197","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, K., and Runkle, D.L., 2007, Consumptive Water-Use Coefficients for the Great Lakes Basin and Climatically Similar Areas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5197, viii, 191 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075197.","productDescription":"viii, 191 p.","costCenters":[{"id":448,"text":"National Water Availability and Use Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11160,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5197/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696afa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaffer, Kimberly H.","contributorId":98275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Kimberly H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runkle, Donna L. dlrunkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":2556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkle","given":"Donna","email":"dlrunkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":294441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81132,"text":"ds332 - 2007 - Streamflow Measurements in North-Central Nebraska, November 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T10:44:42","indexId":"ds332","displayToPublicDate":"2008-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"332","title":"Streamflow Measurements in North-Central Nebraska, November 2006","docAbstract":"Streamflow measurements were made during November of 2006 in the Elkhorn and Loup River basins and selected streams in the Niobrara and Platte River basins in north-central Nebraska. At these 531 sites, flows ranging from no flow to 2,600 ft3/s were measured or observed. The data are presented in a table along with the quality of measurement and the method that was used. Maps show the location of the study area and the sites.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ds332","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Elkhorn-Loup Model Group","usgsCitation":"Peterson, S.M., and Strauch, K.R., 2007, Streamflow Measurements in North-Central Nebraska, November 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 332, iv, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds332.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","temporalStart":"2006-11-01","temporalEnd":"2006-11-30","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273175,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds332.xml"},{"id":195442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11154,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/332/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,40 ], [ -104,43 ], [ -95,43 ], [ -95,40 ], [ -104,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4f90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Steven M. 0000-0002-9130-1284 speterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-1284","contributorId":847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Steven","email":"speterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strauch, Kellan R. 0000-0002-7218-2099 kstrauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7218-2099","contributorId":1006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strauch","given":"Kellan","email":"kstrauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81123,"text":"i2600H - 2007 - Coastal-Change and Glaciological Map of the Northern Ross Ice Shelf Area, Antarctica: 1962-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"i2600H","displayToPublicDate":"2008-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2600","chapter":"H","title":"Coastal-Change and Glaciological Map of the Northern Ross Ice Shelf Area, Antarctica: 1962-2004","docAbstract":"Changes in the area and volume of polar ice sheets are intricately linked to changes in global climate, and the resulting changes in sea level could severely impact the densely populated coastal regions on Earth. Melting of the West Antarctic part alone of the Antarctic ice sheet would cause a sea-level rise of approximately 6 meters (m). The potential sea-level rise after melting of the entire Antarctic ice sheet is estimated to be 65 m (Lythe and others, 2001) to 73 m (Williams and Hall, 1993). The mass balance (the net volumetric gain or loss) of the Antarctic ice sheet is highly complex, responding differently to different conditions in each region (Vaughan, 2005). In a review paper, Rignot and Thomas (2002) concluded that the West Antarctic ice sheet is probably becoming thinner overall; although it is thickening in the west, it is thinning in the north. Thomas and others (2004), on the basis of aircraft and satellite laser altimetry surveys, believe the thinning may be accelerating. Joughin and Tulaczyk (2002), on the basis of analysis of ice-flow velocities derived from synthetic aperture radar, concluded that most of the Ross ice streams (ice streams on the east side of the Ross Ice Shelf) have a positive mass balance, whereas Rignot and others (2004) infer even larger negative mass balance for glaciers flowing northward into the Amundsen Sea, a trend suggested by Swithinbank and others (2003a,b; 2004). The mass balance of the East Antarctic ice sheet is thought by Davis and others (2005) to be strongly positive on the basis of the change in satellite altimetry measurements made between 1992 and 2003.\r\n\r\nMeasurement of changes in area and mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet was given a very high priority in recommendations by the Polar Research Board of the National Research Council (1986), in subsequent recommendations by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) (1989, 1993), and by the National Science Foundation?s (1990) Division of Polar Programs. On the basis of these recommendations, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) decided that the archive of early 1970s Landsat 1, 2, and 3 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) images of Antarctica and the subsequent repeat coverage made possible with Landsat and other satellite images provided an excellent means of documenting changes in the coastline of Antarctica (Ferrigno and Gould, 1987). The availability of this information provided the impetus for carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the glaciological features of the coastal regions and changes in ice fronts of Antarctica (Swithinbank, 1988; Williams and Ferrigno, 1988). The project was later modified to include Landsat 4 and 5 MSS and Thematic Mapper (TM) images (and in some areas Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus [ETM+] images), RADARSAT images, and other data where available, in order to compare changes that occurred during a 20- to 25- or 30-year time interval (or longer where data were available, as in the Antarctic Peninsula). The results of the analysis are being used to produce a digital database and a series of USGS Geologic Investigations Series Maps (I?2600) (Williams and others, 1995; Williams and Ferrigno, 1998; Ferrigno and others, 2002) (available online at http://www.glaciers.er.usgs.gov).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/i2600H","isbn":"9781411309616","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom","usgsCitation":"Ferrigno, J.G., Foley, K.M., Swithinbank, C., and Williams, R., 2007, Coastal-Change and Glaciological Map of the Northern Ross Ice Shelf Area, Antarctica: 1962-2004: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2600, Pamphlet: iv, 11 p.; Plate: 43 x 27 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2600H.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 11 p.; Plate: 43 x 27 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11145,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2600-h/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Polar Stereographic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 169,-81 ], [ 169,-76 ], [ -158,-76 ], [ -158,-81 ], [ 169,-81 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65de37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":294408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foley, Kevin M. 0000-0003-1013-462X kfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-462X","contributorId":2543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Kevin","email":"kfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swithinbank, Charles","contributorId":26368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swithinbank","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":90679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":81097,"text":"sim2889 - 2007 - Geologic Map of the Frederick 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"sim2889","displayToPublicDate":"2008-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2889","title":"Geologic Map of the Frederick 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia","docAbstract":"The Frederick 30? ? 60? quadrangle lies within the Potomac River watershed of the Chesapeake Bay drainage basin. The map area covers parts of Montgomery, Howard, Carroll, Frederick, and Washington Counties in Maryland; Loudoun, Clarke, and Fairfax Counties in Virginia; and Jefferson and Berkeley Counties in West Virginia. Many geologic features (such as faults and folds) are named for geographic features that may or may not be shown on the 1:100,000-scale base map. \r\n\r\nThe geology of the Frederick 30? ? 60? quadrangle, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia, was first mapped on the 32 1:24,000-scale 7.5-minute quadrangle base maps between 1989 and 1994. The geologic data were compiled manually at 1:100,000 scale in 1997 and were digitized between 1998 and 1999. The geologic map and database may be used to support activities such as land-use planning, soil mapping, groundwater availability and quality studies, identifying aggregate resources, and conducting engineering and environmental studies. \r\n\r\nThe map area covers distinct geologic provinces and sections of the central Appalachian region that are defined by unique bedrock and resulting landforms. From west to east, the provinces include the Great Valley section of the Valley and Ridge province, the Blue Ridge province, and the Piedmont province; in the extreme southeastern corner, a small part of the Coastal Plain province is present. The Piedmont province is divided into several sections; from west to east, hey are the Frederick Valley synclinorium, the Culpeper and Gettysburg basins, the Sugarloaf Mountain anticlinorium, the Westminster terrane, and the Potomac terrane. The geology of the Frederick quadrangle is discussed by geologic province and sections; the geologic units within each province are discussed from oldest to youngest. Where applicable, the discussion includes information on tectonic origins. \r\n\r\nFor more information concerning the report, please contact the author.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sim2889","isbn":"9781411311657","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Maryland Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Southworth, S., Brezinski, D.K., Drake, A., Burton, W.C., Orndorff, R.C., Froelich, A., Reddy, J.E., Denenny, D., and Daniels, D.L., 2007, Geologic Map of the Frederick 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2889, Pamphlet: vi, 42 p.; Map Sheet: 57 x 38 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2889.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: vi, 42 p.; Map Sheet: 57 x 38 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110770,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83523.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"83523"},{"id":195690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10966,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2889/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78,39 ], [ -78,39.5 ], [ -77,39.5 ], [ -77,39 ], [ -78,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8501","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Southworth, Scott","contributorId":93933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworth","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brezinski, David K.","contributorId":49428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brezinski","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drake, Avery Jr.","contributorId":62582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"Avery","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burton, William C. 0000-0001-7519-5787 bburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-5787","contributorId":1293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"William","email":"bburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Orndorff, Randall C. 0000-0002-8956-5803 rorndorf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-5803","contributorId":2739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"Randall","email":"rorndorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Froelich, Albert J.","contributorId":60200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Froelich","given":"Albert J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reddy, James E. 0000-0002-6998-7267 jreddy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6998-7267","contributorId":1080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"James","email":"jreddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Denenny, Danielle","contributorId":78804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denenny","given":"Danielle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Daniels, David L. 0000-0003-0599-8036 dave@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0599-8036","contributorId":1792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"David","email":"dave@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":81092,"text":"tm6A24 - 2007 - Documentation of a Conduit Flow Process (CFP) for MODFLOW-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:18","indexId":"tm6A24","displayToPublicDate":"2008-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A24","title":"Documentation of a Conduit Flow Process (CFP) for MODFLOW-2005","docAbstract":"This report documents the Conduit Flow Process (CFP) for the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model, MODFLOW-2005. The CFP has the ability to simulate turbulent ground-water flow conditions by: (1) coupling the traditional ground-water flow equation with formulations for a discrete network of cylindrical pipes (Mode 1), (2) inserting a high-conductivity flow layer that can switch between laminar and turbulent flow (Mode 2), or (3) simultaneously coupling a discrete pipe network while inserting a high-conductivity flow layer that can switch between laminar and turbulent flow (Mode 3). Conduit flow pipes (Mode 1) may represent dissolution or biological burrowing features in carbonate aquifers, voids in fractured rock, and (or) lava tubes in basaltic aquifers and can be fully or partially saturated under laminar or turbulent flow conditions. Preferential flow layers (Mode 2) may represent: (1) a porous media where turbulent flow is suspected to occur under the observed hydraulic gradients; (2) a single secondary porosity subsurface feature, such as a well-defined laterally extensive underground cave; or (3) a horizontal preferential flow layer consisting of many interconnected voids. In this second case, the input data are effective parameters, such as a very high hydraulic conductivity, representing multiple features.\r\n\r\nData preparation is more complex for CFP Mode 1 (CFPM1) than for CFP Mode 2 (CFPM2). Specifically for CFPM1, conduit pipe locations, lengths, diameters, tortuosity, internal roughness, critical Reynolds numbers (NRe), and exchange conductances are required. CFPM1, however, solves the pipe network equations in a matrix that is independent of the porous media equation matrix, which may mitigate numerical instability associated with solution of dual flow components within the same matrix. CFPM2 requires less hydraulic information and knowledge about the specific location and hydraulic properties of conduits, and turbulent flow is approximated by modifying horizontal conductances assembled by the Block-Centered Flow (BCF), Layer-Property Flow (LPF), or Hydrogeologic-Unit Flow Packages (HUF) of MODFLOW-2005.\r\n\r\nFor both conduit flow pipes (CFPM1) and preferential flow layers (CFPM2), critical Reynolds numbers are used to determine if flow is laminar or turbulent. Due to conservation of momentum, flow in a laminar state tends to remain laminar and flow in a turbulent state tends to remain turbulent. This delayed transition between laminar and turbulent flow is introduced in the CFP, which provides an additional benefit of facilitating convergence of the computer algorithm during iterations of transient simulations. Specifically, the user can specify a higher critical Reynolds number to determine when laminar flow within a pipe converts to turbulent flow, and a lower critical Reynolds number for determining when a pipe with turbulent flow switches to laminar flow. With CFPM1, the Hagen-Poiseuille equation is used for laminar flow conditions and the Darcy-Weisbach equation is applied to turbulent flow conditions. With CFPM2, turbulent flow is approximated by reducing the laminar hydraulic conductivity by a nonlinear function of the Reynolds number, once the critical head difference is exceeded. This adjustment approximates the reductions in mean velocity under turbulent ground-water flow conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Techniques and Methods, Book 6, Chapter A24","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/tm6A24","usgsCitation":"Shoemaker, W., Kuniansky, E.L., Birk, S., Bauer, S., and Swain, E.D., 2007, Documentation of a Conduit Flow Process (CFP) for MODFLOW-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A24, viii, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A24.","productDescription":"viii, 50 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_6_a24.gif"},{"id":10961,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm6a24/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48c1e4b07f02db53c8e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shoemaker, W. 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The survey consisted of 483 line kilometers of data acquired in July and August of 2005. This report outlines the methodology and provides the data from the survey. Analysis of the data and comparison to a similar bathymetric survey completed in 1989 show significant loss of seafloor and shoreline retreat, which is consistent with previously published estimates of shoreline change in the study area.
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As the Nation?s largest water, earth, and biological science and civilian mapping agency, the USGS can play a significant role in providing scientific knowledge and information that will improve our understanding of the relations of environment and wildlife to human health and disease. USGS human health-related research is unique in the Federal government because it brings together a broad spectrum of natural science expertise and information, including extensive data collection and monitoring on varied landscapes and ecosystems across the Nation.\r\n\r\nUSGS can provide a great service to the public health community by synthesizing the scientific information and knowledge on our natural and living resources that influence human health, and by bringing this science to the public health community in a manner that is most useful. Partnerships with health scientists and managers are essential to the success of these efforts. USGS scientists already are working closely with the public health community to pursue rigorous inquiries into the connections between natural science and public health. Partnering agencies include the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Food and Drug Administration, Mine Safety and Health Administration, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Public Health Service, and the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases. Collaborations between public health scientists and earth scientists can lead to improved solutions for existing and emerging environmental health problems.\r\n\r\nThis report summarizes the presentations and discussions held at the Second National Conference on USGS Health-Related Research, held at the USGS national headquarters in Reston, Virginia. The report presents 68 abstracts of technical presentations made at the conference and summaries of six topical breakout sessions. The abstracts cover a broad range of issues and demonstrate connections between human health and the quality and condition of our environment and wildlife. The summaries of the topical breakout sessions present ideas for advancing interdisciplinary science in areas of earth science and human health.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085022","usgsCitation":"Buxton, H.T., Griffin, D.W., and Pierce, B.S., 2007, Earth science and public health: Proceedings of the Second National Conference on USGS Health-Related Research: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5022, viii, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085022.","productDescription":"viii, 48 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-02-27","temporalEnd":"2007-03-01","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10946,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5022/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c1af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buxton, Herbert T. hbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Herbert","email":"hbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, Brenda S. bpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Brenda","email":"bpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":294263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":81046,"text":"ofr20071143 - 2007 - EL68D Wasteway Watershed Land-Cover Generation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:26","indexId":"ofr20071143","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1143","title":"EL68D Wasteway Watershed Land-Cover Generation","docAbstract":"Classification of land cover from Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) for the EL68D Wasteway Watershed in the State of Washington is documented. The procedures for classification include use of two ETM+ scenes in a simultaneous unsupervised classification process supported by extensive field data collection using Global Positioning System receivers and digital photos. The procedure resulted in a detailed classification at the individual crop species level.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071143","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, S., Usery, E.L., and Finn, M.P., 2007, EL68D Wasteway Watershed Land-Cover Generation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1143, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071143.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","costCenters":[{"id":425,"text":"National Geospatial Technical Operations Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10909,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1143/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c367","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhl, Sheila","contributorId":103759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"Sheila","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Usery, E. Lynn 0000-0002-2766-2173 usery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-2173","contributorId":231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.","email":"usery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finn, Michael P. 0000-0003-0415-2194 mfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0415-2194","contributorId":2657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Michael","email":"mfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":81044,"text":"ds318 - 2007 - ASTER-Derived 30-Meter-Resolution Digital Elevation Models of Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-24T12:18:49.117255","indexId":"ds318","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"318","title":"ASTER-Derived 30-Meter-Resolution Digital Elevation Models of Afghanistan","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) is an imaging instrument aboard the Terra satellite, launched on December 19, 1999, as part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Earth Observing System (EOS). The ASTER sensor consists of three subsystems: the visible and near infrared (VNIR), the shortwave infrared (SWIR), and the thermal infrared (TIR), each with a different spatial resolution (VNIR, 15 meters; SWIR, 30 meters, TIR 90 meters). The VNIR system has the capability to generate along-track stereo images that can be used to create digital elevation models (DEMs) at 30-meter resolution.\r\n\r\nCurrently, the only available DEM dataset for Afghanistan is the 90-meter-resolution Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data. This dataset is appropriate for macroscale DEM analysis and mapping. However, ASTER provides a low cost opportunity to generate higher resolution data. For this publication, study areas were identified around populated areas and areas where higher resolution elevation data were desired to assist in natural resource assessments. The higher resolution fidelity of these DEMs can also be used for other terrain analysis including landform classification and geologic structure analysis.\r\n\r\nFor this publication, ASTER scenes were processed and mosaicked to generate 36 DEMs which were created and extracted using PCI Geomatics' OrthoEngine 3D Stereo software. The ASTER images were geographically registered to Landsat data with at least 15 accurate and well distributed ground control points with a root mean square error (RMSE) of less that one pixel (15 meters). An elevation value was then assigned to each ground control point by extracting the elevation from the 90-meter SRTM data. The 36 derived DEMs demonstrate that the software correlated on nearly flat surfaces and smooth slopes accurately. Larger errors occur in cloudy and snow-covered areas, lakes, areas with steep slopes, and southeastern-facing slopes. In these areas, holes, large pits, and spikes were generated by the software during the correlation process and the automatic interpolation method. To eliminate these problems, overlapping DEMs were generated and filtered using a progressive morphologic filter.\r\n\r\nThe quadrangles used to delineate the DEMs in the publication were derived from the Afghan Geodesy and Cartography Head Office's (AGCHO) 1:100,000-scale maps series quadrangles. Each DEM was clipped and assigned a name according to the associated AGCHO quadrangle name. The geospatial data included in this publication are intended to be used with any GIS software packages including, but not limited to, ESRI's ArcGIS and ERDAS IMAGINE.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds318","usgsCitation":"Chirico, P., and Warner, M.B., 2007, ASTER-Derived 30-Meter-Resolution Digital Elevation Models of Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 318, Available online and on DVD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds318.","productDescription":"Available online and on DVD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10906,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/318/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b14e4b07f02db6a477a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chirico, Peter G.","contributorId":27086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chirico","given":"Peter G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warner, Michael B.","contributorId":26767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81043,"text":"sir20075285 - 2007 - Geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical identification of flow paths in the Edwards Aquifer, northeastern Bexar and southern Comal Counties, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T13:23:29","indexId":"sir20075285","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5285","title":"Geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical identification of flow paths in the Edwards Aquifer, northeastern Bexar and southern Comal Counties, Texas","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System, conducted a 4-year study during 2002?06 to identify major flow paths in the Edwards aquifer in northeastern Bexar and southern Comal Counties (study area). In the study area, faulting directs ground water into three hypothesized flow paths that move water, generally, from the southwest to the northeast. These flow paths are identified as the southern Comal flow path, the central Comal flow path, and the northern Comal flow path. Statistical correlations between water levels for six observation wells and between the water levels and discharges from Comal Springs and Hueco Springs yielded evidence for the hypothesized flow paths. Strong linear correlations were evident between the datasets from wells and springs within the same flow path and the datasets from wells in areas where flow between flow paths was suspected. Geochemical data (major ions, stable isotopes, sulfur hexafluoride, and tritium and helium) were used in graphical analyses to obtain evidence of the flow path from which wells or springs derive water. Major-ion geochemistry in samples from selected wells and springs showed relatively little variation. Samples from the southern Comal flow path were characterized by relatively high sulfate and chloride concentrations, possibly indicating that the water in the flow path was mixing with small amounts of saline water from the freshwater/saline-water transition zone. Samples from the central Comal flow path yielded the most varied major-ion geochemistry of the three hypothesized flow paths. Central Comal flow path samples were characterized, in general, by high calcium concentrations and low magnesium concentrations. Samples from the northern Comal flow path were characterized by relatively low sulfate and chloride concentrations and high magnesium concentrations. The high magnesium concentrations characteristic of northern Comal flow path samples from the recharge zone in Comal County might indicate that water from the Trinity aquifer is entering the Edwards aquifer in the subsurface. A graph of the relation between the stable isotopes deuterium and delta-18 oxygen showed that, except for samples collected following an unusually intense rain storm, there was not much variation in stable isotope values among the flow paths. In the study area deuterium ranged from -36.00 to -20.89 per mil and delta-18 oxygen ranged from -6.03 to -3.70 per mil. Excluding samples collected following the intense rain storm, the deuterium range in the study area was -33.00 to -20.89 per mil and the delta-18 oxygen range was -4.60 to -3.70 per mil. Two ground-water age-dating techniques, sulfur hexafluoride concentrations and tritium/helium-3 isotope ratios, were used to compute apparent ages (time since recharge occurred) of water samples collected in the study area. In general, the apparent ages computed by the two methods do not seem to indicate direction of flow. Apparent ages computed for water samples in northeastern Bexar and southern Comal Counties do not vary greatly except for some very young water in the recharge zone in central Comal County.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075285","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Otero, C.L., 2007, Geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical identification of flow paths in the Edwards Aquifer, northeastern Bexar and southern Comal Counties, Texas (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5285, vi, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075285.","productDescription":"vi, 49 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20075285.gif"},{"id":327674,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5285/pdf/sir2007-5285.pdf","size":"14.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":10905,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5285/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -101,28.75 ], [ -101,30.5 ], [ -97.25,30.5 ], [ -97.25,28.75 ], [ -101,28.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8734","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otero, Cassi L.","contributorId":100469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otero","given":"Cassi","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":81033,"text":"sir20075168 - 2007 - Estimated water use and availability in the East Narragansett Bay study area, Rhode Island, 1995-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-25T10:38:40","indexId":"sir20075168","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5168","title":"Estimated water use and availability in the East Narragansett Bay study area, Rhode Island, 1995-99","docAbstract":"Water availability became a concern in Rhode Island during a drought in 1999, and further investigation was needed to assess the current demands on the hydrologic system from withdrawals during periods of little to no precipitation. The low ground-water levels and streamflows measured in Rhode Island prompted initiation of a series of studies on water use and availability in each major drainage area in Rhode Island for the period 1995–99. The investigation of the East Narragansett Bay area is the last of these studies. The East Narragansett Bay study area (130.9 square miles) includes small sections of the Ten Mile and Westport River Basins in Rhode Island. The area was divided into three regions (islands and contiguous land areas separated by the bay) within each of which the freshwater water use and availability were assessed.
During the study period from 1995 through 1999, three major public water suppliers in the study area withdrew 7.601 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) from ground-water and surface-water reservoirs. The estimated water withdrawals by minor public water suppliers during the study period were 0.063 Mgal/d. Total self-supply domestic, industrial, commercial, and agricultural withdrawals from the study area averaged 1.891 Mgal/d. Total water use in the study area averaged 16.48 Mgal/d, of which about 8.750 Mgal/d was imported from other basins. The average return flow to freshwater within the basin was 2.591 Mgal/d, which included effluent from permitted facilities and septic systems. The average return flow to saltwater (Narragansett Bay) outside of the basin was about 45.21 Mgal/d and included discharges by permitted facilities (wastewater-treatment plants and Rhode Island Pollutant Discharge Elimination Systems).
The PART program, a computerized hydrographseparation application, was used for the data collected at two selected index stream-gaging stations in the East Narragansett Bay study area to determine water availability on the basis of the 75th, 50th, and 25th percentiles of the total base flow; the base flow for the 7-day, 10-year low-flow scenario; and the base flow for the Aquatic Base Flow scenario for both stations. Base flows in the study area were lowest in September for the 75th, 50th, and 25th percentiles. The safe yields determined for the surface-water reservoirs (14.10 Mgal/d) were added to the estimated available ground water (gross yield) in the Southeastern Narragansett and East Narragansett Islands regions to give the total available water.
The water availability in the study area at the 50th percentile ranged from 33.18 Mgal/d in September to 94.62 Mgal/d in June, water availability for the 7-day, 10-year low-flow scenario at the 50th percentile ranged from 21.87 Mgal/d in September to 83.03 Mgal/d in June, and water availability for the Aquatic Base Flow scenario at the 50th percentile ranged from 14.10 Mgal/d in August and September to 65.48 Mgal/d in June.
Because water withdrawals and use are greater during the summer than at other times of the year, water availability in June, July, August, and September was compared to water withdrawals in the three regions. For the study period, the withdrawals in July were higher than in the other summer months. For the 50th percentile, the ratios of water withdrawn to water available were close to one in August for the estimated basic and Aquatic Base Flow scenarios and in September for the estimated 7-day, 10-year low-flow scenario. For the 25th percentile, the ratios were close to one in August for the estimated basic and for the 7-day, 10-year low-flow scenario, and were close to one in July for the estimated Aquatic Base Flow scenario.
A long-term water budget was calculated for the East Narragansett Bay study area to identify and assess inflows and outflows by region. The water withdrawals and return flows used in the budget were from 1995 through 1999. Total inflow and outflow were calculated separately for each region. Inflow was assumed to equal outflow; the total water budget was 292.1 Mgal/d for the study area. Precipitation and return flow were 99 and less than 1 percent of the total estimated inflow to the study area, respectively. Evapotranspiration, streamflow, and water withdrawals were 47, 49, and 3 percent of the total outflow from the study area, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075168","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Rhode Island Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Wild, E.C., 2007, Estimated water use and availability in the East Narragansett Bay study area, Rhode Island, 1995-99: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5168, vii, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075168.","productDescription":"vii, 51 p.","onlineOnly":"N","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"1999-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20075168.JPG"},{"id":10897,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5168/index.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"East Narragansett Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.37405395507812,\n 41.8562650797484\n ],\n [\n -71.33834838867188,\n 41.86342467181006\n ],\n [\n -71.34109497070312,\n 41.84296656785943\n ],\n [\n -71.33560180664062,\n 41.83631627521814\n ],\n [\n -71.34315490722656,\n 41.82761869589464\n ],\n [\n -71.33834838867188,\n 41.808684585195934\n ],\n [\n -71.3404083251953,\n 41.79895948813606\n ],\n [\n -71.3287353515625,\n 41.79435234802088\n ],\n [\n -71.32736206054688,\n 41.78513707423634\n ],\n [\n -71.32667541503906,\n 41.78257704086764\n ],\n [\n -71.25801086425781,\n 41.75031186312044\n ],\n [\n -71.19346618652344,\n 41.67547622677172\n ],\n [\n -71.17561340332031,\n 41.67086022030498\n ],\n [\n -71.17561340332031,\n 41.66778269875831\n ],\n [\n -71.13304138183594,\n 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ecwild@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6157-7629","contributorId":1810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wild","given":"Emily","email":"ecwild@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5081,"text":"Libraries","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":294177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80998,"text":"sir20075286 - 2007 - Base flow (1966-2005) and streamflow gain and loss (2006) of the Brazos River, McLennan County to Fort Bend County, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-10T23:12:05.124189","indexId":"sir20075286","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5286","title":"Base flow (1966-2005) and streamflow gain and loss (2006) of the Brazos River, McLennan County to Fort Bend County, Texas","docAbstract":"During 2006–07, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board, did a study to quantify historical (water years 1966–2005) base flow and streamflow gains and losses from two streamflow-measuring surveys (March and August 2006) in the Brazos River from McLennan County to Fort Bend County, Texas. The Brazos River is hydraulically connected to the Brazos River alluvium aquifer, which in turn is hydraulically connected to several underlying aquifers, the outcrops of which occur in laterally adjacent layers generally parallel to the coast (major aquifers, Carrizo-Wilcox and Gulf Coast, and minor aquifers, Queen City, Sparta, and Yegua-Jackson). Hydrograph separation was done using the USGS computer program Hydrograph Separation and Analysis with historical streamflow from 10 USGS gaging stations, three on the Brazos River and seven on selected tributaries to the Brazos River. Streamflow data for computation of gains and losses were collected in March 2006 from 36 sites on the Brazos River and 19 sites on 19 tributaries to the Brazos River; and in August 2006 from 28 sites on the Brazos River and 16 sites on tributaries. Hydrograph separation and associated analyses indicate an appreciable increase in base flow as a percentage of streamflow in the reach of the Brazos River that crosses the outcrops of the Carrizo-Wilcox, Queen City, Sparta, and Yegua-Jackson aquifers compared to that in the adjacent upstream reach (on average from about 43 percent to about 60 percent). No increase in base flow as a percentage of streamflow in the reach of the Brazos River crossing the Gulf Coast aquifer compared to that in the adjacent upstream reach was indicated. Streamflow gains and losses computed for March 2006 for 35 reaches defined by pairs of sites on the Brazos River indicated that five reaches were verifiably gaining streamflow (computed gain exceeded potential flow measurement error) and none were verifiably losing streamflow. Four of the five gaining reaches are in the outcrop areas of the Carrizo-Wilcox and Yegua-Jackson aquifers. The results of the synoptic gain and loss surveys are consistent with the results of the base-flow analysis of historical streamflow. Appreciable increases in streamflow, apparently the result of increases in base flow, occur in the reach of the Brazos River that crosses the outcrops of the Carrizo-Wilcox, Queen City, Sparta, and Yegua-Jackson aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075286","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board","usgsCitation":"Turco, M.J., East, J., and Milburn, M.S., 2007, Base flow (1966-2005) and streamflow gain and loss (2006) of the Brazos River, McLennan County to Fort Bend County, Texas (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5286, v, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075286.","productDescription":"v, 27 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1965-10-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424293,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83361.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327673,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5286/pdf/sir2007-5286.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":10860,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5286/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124808,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5286.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Brazos River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.68398418849199,\n 28.82116321715563\n ],\n [\n -95.02060442805676,\n 29.421196387359828\n ],\n [\n -96.14776295906165,\n 30.696505037552654\n ],\n [\n -96.90507259708033,\n 31.685814865231762\n ],\n [\n -97.38059260234799,\n 31.5208154629957\n ],\n [\n -95.68398418849199,\n 28.82116321715563\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64951f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turco, Michael J. mjturco@usgs.gov","contributorId":1011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turco","given":"Michael","email":"mjturco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":294100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"East, Jeffery W. jweast@usgs.gov","contributorId":1683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Jeffery W.","email":"jweast@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milburn, Matthew S.","contributorId":53896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milburn","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80990,"text":"sir20075248 - 2007 - Principal locations of metal loading from flood-plain tailings, Lower Silver Creek, Utah, April 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-09T15:11:45.065164","indexId":"sir20075248","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5248","displayTitle":"Principal Locations of Metal Loading from Flood-Plain Tailings, Lower Silver Creek, Utah, April 2004","title":"Principal locations of metal loading from flood-plain tailings, Lower Silver Creek, Utah, April 2004","docAbstract":"Because of the historical deposition of mill tailings in flood plains, the process of determining total maximum daily loads for streams in an area like the Park City mining district of Utah is complicated. Understanding the locations of metal loading to Silver Creek and the relative importance of these locations is necessary to make science-based decisions. Application of tracer-injection and synoptic-sampling techniques provided a means to quantify and rank the many possible source areas. A mass-loading study was conducted along a 10,000-meter reach of Silver Creek, Utah, in April 2004. Mass-loading profiles based on spatially detailed discharge and chemical data indicated five principal locations of metal loading. These five locations contributed more than 60 percent of the cadmium and zinc loads to Silver Creek along the study reach and can be considered locations where remediation efforts could have the greatest effect upon improvement of water quality in Silver Creek.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075248","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality","usgsCitation":"Kimball, B.A., Runkel, R.L., and Walton-Day, K., 2007, Principal locations of metal loading from flood-plain tailings, Lower Silver Creek, Utah, April 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5248, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075248.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","temporalStart":"2004-04-01","temporalEnd":"2004-04-30","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10852,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5248/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":367595,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5248/pdf/sir20075248.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.51666666666667,40.666666666666664 ], [ -111.51666666666667,40.75 ], [ -111.43333333333334,40.75 ], [ -111.43333333333334,40.666666666666664 ], [ -111.51666666666667,40.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6680a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":68339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80988,"text":"sir20065199 - 2007 - Borehole geophysical monitoring of amendment emplacement and geochemical changes during vegetable oil biostimulation, Anoka County Riverfront Park, Fridley, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-30T18:48:47.269727","indexId":"sir20065199","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5199","title":"Borehole geophysical monitoring of amendment emplacement and geochemical changes during vegetable oil biostimulation, Anoka County Riverfront Park, Fridley, Minnesota","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a series of geophysical investigations to monitor a field-scale biostimulation pilot project at the Anoka County Riverfront Park (ACP), downgradient from the Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant, in Fridley, Minnesota. The pilot project was undertaken by the U.S. Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Southern Division, for the purpose of evaluating biostimulation using emulsified vegetable oil to treat ground water contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons. Vegetable oil was introduced to the subsurface to serve as substrate for naturally occurring microbes, which ultimately break down chlorinated hydrocarbons into chloride, carbon dioxide, and water through oxidation-reduction reactions. In support of this effort, the USGS collected cross-borehole radar data and conventional borehole geophysical data in five site visits over 1.5 years to evaluate the effectiveness of geophysical methods for monitoring emplacement of the vegetable oil emulsion and for tracking changes in water chemistry. Radar zero-offset profile (ZOP) data, radar traveltime tomograms, electromagnetic (EM) induction logs, natural gamma logs, neutron porosity logs, and magnetic susceptibility logs were collected and analyzed.
\nIn order to facilitate data interpretation and to test the effectiveness of radar for monitoring oil-emulsion placement and movement, three injection mixtures with different radar signatures were used: (1) vegetable oil emulsion, (2) vegetable oil emulsion with a colloidal iron tracer, and (3) vegetable oil emulsion with a magnetite tracer. Based on petrophysical modeling, mixture (1) was expected to increase radar velocity and decrease radar attenuation relative to background—a water-saturated porous medium; mixtures (2) and (3) were expected to increase radar velocity and increase radar attenuation because of their greater electrical conductivity compared to background ground water.
\nRadar ZOP data and tomograms show increased EM velocity in the vicinity of injection wells. Comparison of pre- and post-injection datasets shows that velocity anomalies are observed only in planes connected to injection wells, indicating that the emulsified vegetable oil does not migrate far after injection. In contrast to the localization of velocity anomalies, radar attenuation anomalies are observed in all zero-offset profiles, particularly those downgradient from the injection wells. Despite the expected signatures of different tracers, increases in attenuation are observed downgradient from all three injection wells; thus, we infer that the attenuation changes do not result from the iron tracers alone. Over the period of data collection, the slowness (reciprocal velocity) anomalies are relatively stable, whereas the attenuation anomalies generally increase in magnitude and extent. One explanation for the attenuation changes is that products of vegetable oil-enhanced biodegradation (for example, chloride) increase the specific conductance of ground water and thus bulk electrical conductivity and radar attenuation. This interpretation is supported by the results of EM-induction and magnetic susceptibility logs, which indicate increases in electrical conductivity in the absence of magnetic anomalies that might result from the iron and magnetite.
\nBased on the geophysical data, conceptual models of the distributions of emulsified vegetable oil and ground water with altered chemistry were developed. The field data indicate that, in several cases, the plume of ground water with altered chemistry would not be detected by direct chemical sampling given the construction of monitoring wells; hence the geophysical data provide valuable site-specific insights for the interpretation of water samples and monitoring of biostimulation projects. Application of geophysical methods to data from the ACP demonstrated the utility of radar for monitoring biostimulation injections.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065199","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Navy","usgsCitation":"Lane, J.W., Day-Lewis, F.D., Johnson, C.D., Joesten, P.K., and Kochiss, C.S., 2007, Borehole geophysical monitoring of amendment emplacement and geochemical changes during vegetable oil biostimulation, Anoka County Riverfront Park, Fridley, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5199, vi, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065199.","productDescription":"vi, 55 p.","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":431638,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83378.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":10850,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5199/pdf/SIR2006-5199.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125764,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2006_5199.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Fridley","otherGeospatial":"Anoka County Riverfront Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.288889,\n 45.071111\n ],\n [\n -93.288889,\n 45.05\n ],\n [\n -93.274722,\n 45.05\n ],\n [\n -93.274722,\n 45.071111\n ],\n [\n -93.288889,\n 45.071111\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602a43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. jwlane@usgs.gov","contributorId":1738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":294066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578 cjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":1891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole","email":"cjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Joesten, Peter K. pjoesten@usgs.gov","contributorId":1929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"Peter","email":"pjoesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kochiss, Christopher S.","contributorId":76017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochiss","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":80987,"text":"sir20075188 - 2007 - Nutrient Enrichment in Estuaries from Discharge of Shallow Ground Water, Mt. Desert Island, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:22","indexId":"sir20075188","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5188","title":"Nutrient Enrichment in Estuaries from Discharge of Shallow Ground Water, Mt. Desert Island, Maine","docAbstract":"Nutrient enrichment from atmospheric deposition, agricultural activities, wildlife, and domestic sources is a concern at Acadia National Park because of the potential problem of water-quality degradation and eutrophication in its estuaries. Water-quality degradation has been observed at the Park?s Bass Harbor Marsh estuary but not in Northeast Creek estuary. Previous studies at Acadia National Park have estimated nutrient inputs to estuaries from atmospheric deposition and surface-water runoff, but the importance of shallow ground water that may contain nutrients derived from domestic or other sources is unknown. Northeast Creek and Bass Harbor Marsh estuaries were studied to (1) identify shallow ground-water seeps, (2) assess the chemistry of the water discharged from selected seeps, and (3) assess the chemistry of ground water in shallow ground-water hyporheic zones. The hyporheic zone is defined here as the region beneath and lateral to a stream bed, where there is mixing of shallow ground water and surface water. This study also provides baseline chemical data for ground water in selected bedrock monitoring wells and domestic wells on Mt. Desert Island. Water samples were analyzed for concentrations of nutrients, wastewater compounds, dissolved organic carbon, pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature and specific conductance. Samples from bedrock monitoring wells also were analyzed for alkalinity, major cations and anions, and trace metals. Shallow ground-water seeps to Northeast Creek and Bass Harbor Marsh estuaries at Acadia National Park were identified and georeferenced using aerial infrared digital imagery. Monitoring included the deployment of continuously recording temperature and specific conductance sensors in the seep discharge zone to access marine or freshwater signatures related to tidal flooding, gradient-driven shallow ground-water flow, or shallow subsurface flow related to precipitation events.\r\n\r\nMany potential shallow ground-water discharge zones were identified from aerial thermal imagery during flights in May and December 2003 in both estuaries. The occurrence of ground-water seeps was confirmed using continuous and discrete measurements of temperature and specific conductance in selected seeps and in the adjacent estuaries that showed salinity anomalies reflecting the input of freshwater in these complex tidal systems. Analysis of water samples from shallow ground water in the hyporheic zone and from ground-water seeps indicated the presence of elevated concentrations of dissolved nitrogen, compared to concentrations in the adjacent estuaries and surface-water tributaries draining into the estuaries. These findings indicate that shallow ground water is a source of dissolved nitrogen to the estuaries. Orthophosphate levels were low in ground water in the hyporheic zone in Bass Harbor Marsh, but somewhat higher in one hyporheic-zone well in Northeast Creek compared with the concentrations in both estuaries that were at or below detection limits. Household wastewater-related compounds were not detected in ground water in the hyporheic zone. Analysis of water samples from domestic and bedrock monitoring wells developed in fractured bedrock indicated that concentrations of dissolved nitrogen, phosphorus, and household wastewater-related compounds were typically at or below detection, suggesting that the aquifers sampled had not been contaminated from septic sources.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075188","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Culbertson, C.W., Huntington, T.G., and Caldwell, J.M., 2007, Nutrient Enrichment in Estuaries from Discharge of Shallow Ground Water, Mt. Desert Island, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5188, vi, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075188.","productDescription":"vi, 35 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10849,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5188/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69673f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Culbertson, Charles W. cculbert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"Charles","email":"cculbert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":1884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caldwell, James M. 0000-0001-5880-443X jmcald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5880-443X","contributorId":1882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"James","email":"jmcald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}