{"pageNumber":"850","pageRowStart":"21225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68934,"records":[{"id":70035338,"text":"70035338 - 2009 - Erosional history of Cape Halkett and contemporary monitoring of bluff retreat, Beaufort Sea coast, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-06T13:44:13","indexId":"70035338","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3094,"text":"Polar Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Erosional history of Cape Halkett and contemporary monitoring of bluff retreat, Beaufort Sea coast, Alaska","docAbstract":"Cape Halkett is located along the Beaufort Sea at the end of a low-lying tundra landscape. The area has been subject to major modifications over the last century as a result of erosion and migration of the coastline inland. Long-term mean annual erosion rates (1955-2009) for the entire cape are 7.6 m/yr, with a gradual increase in rates over the first five time periods of remotely sensed imagery analyzed and a large increase during the most recent time period. Division of the cape into three distinct coastal zones shows very different erosional patterns: the northeast-facing segment (Zone 1) showing a consistent and large increase; the southeast-facing segment (Zone 3) showing a gradual increase with recent, heightened erosion rates; and the east-facing segment (Zone 2) showing decreased rates due to the reformation of a sand and gravel spit. Monitoring of bluff erosion with time-lapse photography, differential GPS surveys, terrestrial and bathymetric surveys, and water level, sea and permafrost temperature data provide insights into the processes driving contemporary patterns of erosion and will provide valuable information for the prediction of future shoreline positions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Polar Geography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10889370903486449","issn":"1088937X","usgsCitation":"Jones, B.M., Arp, C.D., Beck, R., Grosse, G., Webster, J.M., and Urban, F., 2009, Erosional history of Cape Halkett and contemporary monitoring of bluff retreat, Beaufort Sea coast, Alaska: Polar Geography, v. 32, no. 3-4, p. 129-142, https://doi.org/10.1080/10889370903486449.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215310,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10889370903486449"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea;Cape Halkett","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.11,66.35 ], [ -156.11,74.68 ], [ -140.8,74.68 ], [ -140.8,66.35 ], [ -156.11,66.35 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a44e4b0c8380cd52293","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arp, Christopher D.","contributorId":17330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arp","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":450261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beck, Richard A.","contributorId":49202,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beck","given":"Richard A.","affiliations":[{"id":7159,"text":"University of Cincinnati","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":450262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grosse, Guido","contributorId":101475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"Guido","affiliations":[{"id":34291,"text":"University of Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":450265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Webster, James M.","contributorId":64051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Urban, Frank E. 0000-0002-1329-1703","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-1703","contributorId":80918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urban","given":"Frank E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036115,"text":"70036115 - 2009 - Geotechnical properties of cemented sands in steep slopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:02","indexId":"70036115","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2327,"text":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geotechnical properties of cemented sands in steep slopes","docAbstract":"An investigation into the geotechnical properties specific to assessing the stability of weakly and moderately cemented sand cliffs is presented. A case study from eroding coastal cliffs located in central California provides both the data and impetus for this study. Herein, weakly cemented sand is defined as having an unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of less than 100 kPa, and moderately cemented sand is defined as having UCS between 100 and 400 kPa. Testing shows that both materials fail in a brittle fashion and can be modeled effectively using linear Mohr-Coulomb strength parameters, although for weakly cemented sands, curvature of the failure envelope is more evident with decreasing friction and increasing cohesion at higher confinement. Triaxial tests performed to simulate the evolving stress state of an eroding cliff, using a reduction in confinement-type stress path, result in an order of magnitude decrease in strain at failure and a more brittle response. Tests aimed at examining the influence of wetting on steep slopes show that a 60% decrease in UCS, a 50% drop in cohesion, and 80% decrease in the tensile strength occurs in moderately cemented sand upon introduction to water. In weakly cemented sands, all compressive, cohesive, and tensile strength is lost upon wetting and saturation. The results indicate that particular attention must be given to the relative level of cementation, the effects of groundwater or surficial seepage, and the small-scale strain response when performing geotechnical slope stability analyses on these materials. ?? 2009 ASCE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000094","issn":"10900241","usgsCitation":"Collins, B., and Sitar, N., 2009, Geotechnical properties of cemented sands in steep slopes: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, v. 135, no. 10, p. 1359-1366, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000094.","startPage":"1359","endPage":"1366","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218479,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000094"}],"volume":"135","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28c3e4b0c8380cd5a3b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, B.D.","contributorId":57632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sitar, N.","contributorId":105092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sitar","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036116,"text":"70036116 - 2009 - Nest movement by piping plovers in response to changing habitat conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T13:34:34","indexId":"70036116","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest movement by piping plovers in response to changing habitat conditions","docAbstract":"<p><span>Birds that nest along reservoir or river shorelines may face fluctuating water levels that threaten nest survival. On Lake Sakakawea of the upper Missouri River, 37 and 70% of Piping Plover (</span><i>Charadrius melodus</i><span>) nests found in 2007 and 2008, respectively, were initiated at elevations inundated prior to projected hatch date. We describe eight events at seven nests in which adult Piping Plovers appeared to have moved active nests threatened by rising water or gathered eggs apparently displaced by rising water on Lake Sakakawea and the Garrison reach of the upper Missouri River. Additionally, we describe one nest that was moved after the habitat at the nest site had been disturbed by domestic cattle. Our observations and evidence indicate that adult Piping Plovers are capable of moving eggs and establishing nests at new sites during incubation. Furthermore, our results suggest that Piping Plovers evaluate their reproductive investment under potential threat of nest loss and may be capable of acting prospectively (moving nests prior to inundation) and reactively (regathering eggs after inundation) to avoid nest failure.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/cond.2009.080106","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Wiltermuth, M.T., Anteau, M.J., Sherfy, M.H., and Shaffer, T.L., 2009, Nest movement by piping plovers in response to changing habitat conditions: Condor, v. 111, no. 3, p. 550-555, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080106.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"550","endPage":"555","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476147,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080106","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218480,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080106"}],"volume":"111","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a647de4b0c8380cd729d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiltermuth, Mark T. 0000-0002-8871-2816 mwiltermuth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8871-2816","contributorId":708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiltermuth","given":"Mark","email":"mwiltermuth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anteau, Michael J. 0000-0002-5173-5870 manteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-5870","contributorId":3427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"Michael","email":"manteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherfy, Mark H. 0000-0003-3016-4105 msherfy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3016-4105","contributorId":125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherfy","given":"Mark","email":"msherfy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaffer, Terry L. 0000-0001-6950-8951 tshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8951","contributorId":3192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Terry","email":"tshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036233,"text":"70036233 - 2009 - Effects of sediment transport and seepage direction on hydraulic properties at the sediment-water interface of hyporheic settings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70036233","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of sediment transport and seepage direction on hydraulic properties at the sediment-water interface of hyporheic settings","docAbstract":"Relations between seepage flux and hydraulic properties are difficult to quantify in fluvial settings because of the difficulty in measuring these variables in situ. Tests conducted in a 1.5-m diameter by 1.5-m tall sediment-filled tank indicate that hydraulic gradient increased and hydraulic conductivity (K) decreased following the onset of downward seepage but both parameters were little changed following the onset of upward seepage. Reductions in K during downward seepage were more pronounced when surface-water current was sufficient to mobilize sediment on the bed. Averaged ratios of K determined during upward seepage to K determined during downward seepage (K<sub>up</sub>/K<sub>down</sub>) through a sand-and-gravel bed increased from 1.4 to 1.7 with increasing surface-water velocity, and decreased to slightly greater than 1 when the sediment bed became fully mobile. K<sub>up</sub>/K<sub>down</sub> for tests conducted with a silt veneer on the bed surface was greater than 2 for all but the fastest surface-water velocities. Substantial reductions in K also were associated with a silt floc that formed on the bed surface during and following test runs. Although the silt floc was typically less than 0.5 mm in thickness, most of the hydraulic gradient was distributed across this thin layer. K of the thin silt floc was reduced by two to three orders of magnitude relative to the underlying sediment. Directional bias in K and relation between K and surface-water velocity require the presence or absence of a layer of lower-K sediment at or near the bed surface, without which no reduction in K and corresponding increase in hydraulic gradient can occur at the bed surface. The lack of prior observation of the consistent bias in K associated with seepage direction is somewhat surprising given the numerous studies where K has been measured in fluvial settings, but may be explained by the small value of the bias relative to the typical uncertainty associated with field determinations of K. If shown to exist in field settings, this bias and its relation to fluvial processes will be relevant to many studies conducted in hyporheic settings that require determination of fluxes across the sediment-water interface.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.030","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D., and Pitlick, J., 2009, Effects of sediment transport and seepage direction on hydraulic properties at the sediment-water interface of hyporheic settings: Journal of Hydrology, v. 373, no. 3-4, p. 377-391, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.030.","startPage":"377","endPage":"391","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218428,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.030"},{"id":246435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"373","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07c4e4b0c8380cd5180f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":455015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pitlick, J.","contributorId":57020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitlick","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036312,"text":"70036312 - 2009 - Application of iron and zinc isotopes to track the sources and mechanisms of metal loading in a mountain watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:12:53","indexId":"70036312","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of iron and zinc isotopes to track the sources and mechanisms of metal loading in a mountain watershed","docAbstract":"<p><span>Here the hydrogeochemical constraints of a tracer dilution study are combined with Fe and Zn isotopic measurements to pinpoint metal loading sources and attenuation mechanisms in an alpine watershed impacted by&nbsp;acid mine drainage. In the tested mountain catchment,&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>56</sup><span>Fe and&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>66</sup><span>Zn isotopic signatures of filtered stream water samples varied by ∼3.5‰ and 0.4‰, respectively. The inherent differences in the aqueous geochemistry of Fe and Zn provided complimentary isotopic information. For example, variations in&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>56</sup><span>Fe were linked to redox and precipitation reactions occurring in the stream, while changes in&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>66</sup><span>Zn were indicative of conservative mixing of different Zn sources.&nbsp;Fen&nbsp;environments contributed distinctively light dissolved Fe (&lt;−2.0‰) and isotopically heavy suspended Fe precipitates to the watershed, while Zn from the fen was isotopically heavy (&gt;+0.4‰). Acidic drainage from&nbsp;mine wastes&nbsp;contributed heavier dissolved Fe (∼+0.5‰) and lighter Zn (∼+0.2‰) isotopes relative to the fen.&nbsp;Upwelling&nbsp;of Fe-rich groundwater near the mouth of the catchment was the major source of Fe (</span><i>δ</i><sup>56</sup><span>Fe</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>∼</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0‰) leaving the watershed in surface flow, while runoff from&nbsp;mining wastes&nbsp;was the major source of Zn. The results suggest that given a strong framework for interpretation, Fe and Zn isotopes are useful tools for identifying and tracking metal sources and attenuation mechanisms in mountain watersheds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.03.010","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Borrok, D., Wanty, R., Ian, R.W., Lamothe, P.J., Kimball, B.A., Verplanck, P., and Runkel, R., 2009, Application of iron and zinc isotopes to track the sources and mechanisms of metal loading in a mountain watershed: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 7, p. 1270-1277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.03.010.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1270","endPage":"1277","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218199,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.03.010"}],"volume":"24","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eca5e4b0c8380cd493dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borrok, D.M.","contributorId":38775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borrok","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ian, Ridley W.","contributorId":96938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ian","given":"Ridley","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lamothe, P. J.","contributorId":45672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kimball, B. A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Verplanck, P. L. 0000-0002-3653-6419","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":106565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70037037,"text":"70037037 - 2009 - The Asian clam Corbicula fluminea as a biomonitor of trace element contamination: Accounting for different sources of variation using an hierarchical linear model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037037","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Asian clam Corbicula fluminea as a biomonitor of trace element contamination: Accounting for different sources of variation using an hierarchical linear model","docAbstract":"In the present study, specimens of the invasive clam, Corbicula fluminea, were collected above and below possible sources of potentially toxic trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn) in the Altamaha River system (Georgia, USA). Bioaccumulation of these elements was quantified, along with environmental (water and sediment) concentrations. Hierarchical linear models were used to account for variability in tissue concentrations related to environmental (site water chemistry and sediment characteristics) and individual (growth metrics) variables while identifying the strongest relations between these variables and trace element accumulation. The present study found significantly elevated concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Hg downstream of the outfall of kaolin-processing facilities, Zn downstream of a tire cording facility, and Cr downstream of both a nuclear power plant and a paper pulp mill. Models of the present study indicated that variation in trace element accumulation was linked to distance upstream from the estuary, dissolved oxygen, percentage of silt and clay in the sediment, elemental concentrations in sediment, shell length, and bivalve condition index. By explicitly modeling environmental variability, the Hierarchical linear modeling procedure allowed the identification of sites showing increased accumulation of trace elements that may have been caused by human activity. Hierarchical linear modeling is a useful tool for accounting for environmental and individual sources of variation in bioaccumulation studies. ?? 2009 SETAC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/09-058.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Shoults-Wilson, W.A., Peterson, J., Unrine, J.M., Rickard, J., and Black, M., 2009, The Asian clam Corbicula fluminea as a biomonitor of trace element contamination: Accounting for different sources of variation using an hierarchical linear model: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 28, no. 10, p. 2224-2232, https://doi.org/10.1897/09-058.1.","startPage":"2224","endPage":"2232","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217303,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/09-058.1"}],"volume":"28","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba68ce4b08c986b3211d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shoults-Wilson, W. A.","contributorId":66515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoults-Wilson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, J.T.","contributorId":30170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Unrine, J. M.","contributorId":60887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unrine","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rickard, J.","contributorId":45933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rickard","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Black, M.C.","contributorId":89091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035225,"text":"70035225 - 2009 - Hand-mouth transfer and potential for exposure to E. coli and F<sup>+</sup> coliphage in beach sand, Chicago, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035225","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2503,"text":"Journal of Water and Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hand-mouth transfer and potential for exposure to E. coli and F<sup>+</sup> coliphage in beach sand, Chicago, Illinois","docAbstract":"Beach sand contains fecal indicator bacteria, often in densities greatly exceeding the adjacent swimming waters. We examined the transferability of Escherichia coli and F<sup>+</sup> coliphage (MS2) from beach sand to hands in order to estimate the potential subsequent health risk. Sand with high initial E. coli concentrations was collected from a Chicago beach. Individuals manipulated the sand for 60 seconds, and rinse water was analysed for E. coli and coliphage. E. coli densities transferred were correlated with density in sand rather than surface area of an individual's hand, and the amount of coliphage transferred from seeded sand was different among individuals. In sequential rinsing, percentage reduction was 92% for E. coli and 98% for coliphage. Using dose-response estimates developed for swimming water, it was determined that the number of individuals per thousand that would develop gastrointestinal symptoms would be 11 if all E. coli on the fingertip were ingested or 33 if all E. coli on the hand were ingested. These results suggest that beach sand may be an important medium for microbial exposure; bacteria transfer is related to initial concentration in the sand; and rinsing may be effective in limiting oral exposure to sand-borne microbes of human concern.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Water and Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2166/wh.2009.115","issn":"14778920","usgsCitation":"Whitman, R., Przybyla-Kelly, K., Shively, D., Nevers, M., and Byappanahalli, M., 2009, Hand-mouth transfer and potential for exposure to E. coli and F<sup>+</sup> coliphage in beach sand, Chicago, Illinois: Journal of Water and Health, v. 7, no. 4, p. 623-629, https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.115.","startPage":"623","endPage":"629","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476158,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.115","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215092,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.115"},{"id":242865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f63e4b0c8380cd5cd4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitman, R.L.","contributorId":69750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Przybyla-Kelly, K.","contributorId":23332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Przybyla-Kelly","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shively, D.A.","contributorId":78123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nevers, M.B.","contributorId":13787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Byappanahalli, M.N.","contributorId":11384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035224,"text":"70035224 - 2009 - Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) water fluxes before, during and after episodic defoliation by the saltcedar leaf beetle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T09:56:08","indexId":"70035224","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) water fluxes before, during and after episodic defoliation by the saltcedar leaf beetle","docAbstract":"Tamarisk (Tamarix) species are among the most successful and economically costly plant invaders in the western United States, in part due to its potential to remove large amounts of water from shallow aquifers. Accordingly, local, state and federal agencies have released a new biological control - the saltcedar leaf beetle (Diorhabda elongata) along many watersheds in the western United States to reduce the spread of tamarisk. The beetle defoliates tamarisk for much of the growing season resulting in potentially large seasonal declines in productivity, fitness, and water loss from tamarisk stands. We measured sap flux density (J<sub>s</sub>) using heat dissipation sensors to investigate water use patterns of tamarisk before, during and after a single, six week beetle-induced defoliation event in southeastern, Utah, USA. Granier-style probes were installed on 20 dominant trees from May through September 2008, a period that covers almost the entire growing season. As the beetle emerged from dormancy in mid-June, daytime and nighttime J<sub>s</sub> measurably increased for approximately two weeks before declining to less than 20% of predicted values (predicted by modeling J<sub>s</sub> with atmospheric vapor pressure deficit in May and June before defoliation). Tamarisk trees in mid-August produced new leaves and J<sub>s</sub> returned to pre-defoliation levels. Total J<sub>s</sub>, summed over the duration of the study was 13% lower than predicted values. These data suggest that defoliation results in only small changes in seasonal water loss from tamarisk stands. Current research is focusing on long-term ecohydrological impacts of tamarisk defoliation over multiple growing seasons.","largerWorkTitle":"Acta Horticulturae: VII International Workshop on Sap Flow","language":"English","issn":"05677572","isbn":"9789066056824","usgsCitation":"Hultine, K.R., Nagler, P., Dennison, P., Bush, S., and Ehleringer, J., 2009, Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) water fluxes before, during and after episodic defoliation by the saltcedar leaf beetle, v. 846, p.293-302.","productDescription":"p.293-302","startPage":"293","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266030,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.actahort.org/books/846/846_33.htm"}],"volume":"846","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3c7e4b08c986b31feb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hultine, K. R.","contributorId":102281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hultine","given":"K.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dennison, P.E.","contributorId":73430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennison","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bush, S.E.","contributorId":78567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ehleringer, J.R.","contributorId":47965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehleringer","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035691,"text":"70035691 - 2009 - Impact of sampling strategy on stream load estimates in till landscape of the Midwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035691","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of sampling strategy on stream load estimates in till landscape of the Midwest","docAbstract":"Accurately estimating various solute loads in streams during storms is critical to accurately determine maximum daily loads for regulatory purposes. This study investigates the impact of sampling strategy on solute load estimates in streams in the US Midwest. Three different solute types (nitrate, magnesium, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC)) and three sampling strategies are assessed. Regardless of the method, the average error on nitrate loads is higher than for magnesium or DOC loads, and all three methods generally underestimate DOC loads and overestimate magnesium loads. Increasing sampling frequency only slightly improves the accuracy of solute load estimates but generally improves the precision of load calculations. This type of investigation is critical for water management and environmental assessment so error on solute load calculations can be taken into account by landscape managers, and sampling strategies optimized as a function of monitoring objectives. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-008-0635-5","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Vidon, P., Hubbard, L., and Soyeux, E., 2009, Impact of sampling strategy on stream load estimates in till landscape of the Midwest: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 159, no. 1-4, p. 367-379, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0635-5.","startPage":"367","endPage":"379","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216101,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0635-5"},{"id":243947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"159","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38c8e4b0c8380cd616bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vidon, P.","contributorId":47589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidon","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubbard, L.E.","contributorId":104945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soyeux, E.","contributorId":51099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soyeux","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035222,"text":"70035222 - 2009 - Migration patterns and wintering range of common loons breeding in the Northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70035222","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration patterns and wintering range of common loons breeding in the Northeastern United States","docAbstract":"A study, using satellite telemetry, was conducted to determine the precise migration patterns and wintering locations of Common Loons (Gavia immer) breeding in the northeastern United States. Transmitters were implanted in 17 loons (16 adults and one juvenile) that were captured on breeding lakes in New York, New Hampshire, and Maine during the summers of 2003, 2004, and 2005. Transmitters from ten of the birds provided adequate location data to document movement to wintering areas. Most adult loons appeared to travel non-stop from breeding lakes, or neighboring lakes (within 15 km), to the Atlantic coast. Adult loons marked in New Hampshire and Maine wintered 152 to 239 km from breeding lakes, along the Maine coast. Adult loons marked in the Adirondack Park of New York wintered along the coasts of Massachusetts (414 km from breeding lake), Rhode Island (362 km), and southern New Jersey (527 km). Most of the loons remained relatively stationary throughout the winter, but the size of individual wintering areas of adult loons ranged from 43 to 1,159 km <sup>2</sup>, based on a 95% fixed kernel utilization distribution probability. A juvenile bird from New York made a number of stops at lakes and reservoirs en route to Long Island Sound (325 km from breeding lake). Maximum functional life of transmitters was about 12 months, providing an opportunity to document spring migration movements as well. This work provides essential information for development and implementation of regional Common Loon conservation strategies in the Northeastern U.S.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1675/063.032.0204","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Kenow, K., Adams, D., Schoch, N., Evers, D., Hanson, W., Yates, D., Savoy, L., Fox, T., Major, A., Kratt, R., and Ozard, J., 2009, Migration patterns and wintering range of common loons breeding in the Northeastern United States: Waterbirds, v. 32, no. 2, p. 234-247, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.032.0204.","startPage":"234","endPage":"247","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215516,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.032.0204"},{"id":243327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5714e4b0c8380cd6da3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kenow, K.P.","contributorId":18302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenow","given":"K.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, D.","contributorId":22963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoch, N.","contributorId":18196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoch","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evers, D.C.","contributorId":36501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evers","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hanson, W.","contributorId":19797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yates, D.","contributorId":42391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Savoy, L.","contributorId":28448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savoy","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fox, T.J.","contributorId":50477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Major, A.","contributorId":9846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kratt, R.","contributorId":100998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Ozard, J.","contributorId":32006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozard","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70035221,"text":"70035221 - 2009 - Pliocene three-dimensional global ocean temperature reconstruction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:56","indexId":"70035221","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1250,"text":"Climate of the Past","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pliocene three-dimensional global ocean temperature reconstruction","docAbstract":"The thermal structure of the mid-Piacenzian ocean is obtained by combining the Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping Project (PRISM3) multiproxy sea-surface temperature (SST) reconstruction with bottom water temperature estimates from 27 locations produced using Mg/Ca paleothermometry based upon the ostracod genus Krithe. Deep water temperature estimates are skewed toward the Atlantic Basin (63% of the locations) and represent depths from 1000m to 4500 m. This reconstruction, meant to serve as a validation data set as well as an initialization for coupled numerical climate models, assumes a Pliocene water mass framework similar to that which exists today, with several important modifications. The area of formation of present day North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) was expanded and extended further north toward the Arctic Ocean during the mid-Piacenzian relative to today. This, combined with a deeper Greenland-Scotland Ridge, allowed a greater volume of warmer NADW to enter the Atlantic Ocean. In the Southern Ocean, the Polar Front Zone was expanded relative to present day, but shifted closer to the Antarctic continent. This, combined with at least seasonal reduction in sea ice extent, resulted in decreased Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) production (relative to present day) as well as possible changes in the depth of intermediate waters. The reconstructed mid-Piacenzian three-dimensional ocean was warmer overall than today, and the hypothesized aerial extent of water masses appears to fit the limited stable isotopic data available for this time period. ?? Author(s) 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climate of the Past","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"18149324","usgsCitation":"Dowsett, H., Robinson, M., and Foley, K., 2009, Pliocene three-dimensional global ocean temperature reconstruction: Climate of the Past, v. 5, no. 4, p. 769-783.","startPage":"769","endPage":"783","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c80e4b0c8380cd79a07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dowsett, H.J. 0000-0003-1983-7524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":87924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, M.M.","contributorId":56263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foley, K.M.","contributorId":41846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035099,"text":"70035099 - 2009 - Evaluation of fast green FCF dye for non-lethal detection of integumental injuries in juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-12T10:18:26","indexId":"70035099","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Evaluation of fast green FCF dye for non-lethal detection of integumental injuries in juvenile Chinook salmon <i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>","title":"Evaluation of fast green FCF dye for non-lethal detection of integumental injuries in juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha","docAbstract":"<p><span>A rapid staining procedure for detection of recent skin and fin injuries was tested in juvenile Chinook salmon&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i><span>. Immersion of anesthetized fish for 1 min in aerated aqueous solutions of the synthetic food dye fast green FCF (Food Green 3) at concentrations of 0.1 to 0.5% produced consistent and visible staining of integumental injuries. A 0.1% fast green concentration was satisfactory for visual evaluation of injuries, whereas a 0.5% concentration was preferable for digital photography. A rinsing procedure comprised of two 30 s rinses in fresh water was most effective for removal of excess stain after exposure of fish. Survival studies in fresh water and seawater and histopathological analyses indicated that short exposures to aqueous solutions of fast green were non-toxic to juvenile Chinook salmon. In comparisons of the gross and microscopic appearance of fish exposed to fast green at various times after injury, the dye was observed only in areas of the body where epidermal disruption was present as determined by scanning electron microscopy. No dye was observed in areas where epidermal integrity had been restored. Further comparisons showed that fast green exposure produced more consistent and intense staining of skin injury sites than a previously published procedure using trypan blue. Because of its relatively low cost, ease of use and the rapid and specific staining of integumental injuries, fast green may find widespread application in fish health and surface injury evaluations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao02030","issn":"01775103","usgsCitation":"Elliott, D.G., Conway, C.M., and Applegate, L.M., 2009, Evaluation of fast green FCF dye for non-lethal detection of integumental injuries in juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 84, no. 2, p. 139-150, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02030.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"150","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476378,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02030","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215147,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02030"}],"volume":"84","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c71e4b0c8380cd52b4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, Diane G. 0000-0002-4809-6692 dgelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-6692","contributorId":2947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Diane","email":"dgelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Carla M. 0000-0002-3851-3616 cmconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3851-3616","contributorId":2946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Carla","email":"cmconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Applegate, Lynn M. capplegate@usgs.gov","contributorId":5647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Applegate","given":"Lynn","email":"capplegate@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035076,"text":"70035076 - 2009 - Generalized analytical model for benthic water flux forced by surface gravity waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70035076","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generalized analytical model for benthic water flux forced by surface gravity waves","docAbstract":"A generalized analytical model for benthic water flux forced by linear surface gravity waves over a series of layered hydrogeologic units is developed by adapting a previous solution for a hydrogeologic unit with an infinite thickness (Case I) to a unit with a finite thickness (Case II) and to a dual-unit system (Case III). The model compares favorably with laboratory observations. The amplitude of wave-forced benthic water flux is shown to be directly proportional to the amplitude of the wave, the permeability of the hydrogeologic unit, and the wave number and inversely proportional to the kinematic viscosity of water. A dimensionless amplitude parameter is introduced and shown to reach a maximum where the product of water depth and the wave number is 1.2. Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a benthic water discharge flux to a marine water body. The Case I model estimates an 11.5-cm/d SGD forced by a wave with a 1 s period and 5-cm amplitude in water that is 0.5-m deep. As this wave propagates into a region with a 0.3-m-thick hydrogeologic unit, with a no-flow bottom boundary, the Case II model estimates a 9.7-cm/d wave-forced SGD. As this wave propagates into a region with a 0.2-m-thick hydrogeologic unit over an infinitely thick, more permeable unit, the Case III quasi-confined model estimates a 15.7-cm/d wave-forced SGD. The quasi-confined model has benthic constituent flux implications in coral reef, karst, and clastic regions. Waves may undermine tracer and seepage meter estimates of SGD at some locations. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008JC005116","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"King, J., Mehta, A., and Dean, R., 2009, Generalized analytical model for benthic water flux forced by surface gravity waves: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 114, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JC005116.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476516,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jc005116","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215327,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JC005116"},{"id":243122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1518e4b0c8380cd54cb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, J.N.","contributorId":81326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mehta, A.J.","contributorId":59602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehta","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dean, R.G.","contributorId":61665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036592,"text":"70036592 - 2009 - Provenance of Holocene sediment on the Chukchi-Alaskan margin based on combined diffuse spectral reflectance and quantitative X-Ray Diffraction analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036592","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1844,"text":"Global and Planetary Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Provenance of Holocene sediment on the Chukchi-Alaskan margin based on combined diffuse spectral reflectance and quantitative X-Ray Diffraction analysis","docAbstract":"Sediment clay and silt mineral assemblages provide an excellent means of assessing the provenance of fine-grained Arctic sediment especially when a unique mineral assemblage can be tied to specific source areas. The diffuse spectral reflectance (DSR) first derivative measurements and quantitative X-Ray Diffraction (qXRD) on a high-resolution sediment core from the continental slope north of Alaska constrain the sediment mineralogy. DSR results are augmented by measurements on several adjacent cores and compared to surface sediment samples from the northern Alaskan shelf and slope. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), we infer that the three leading DSR modes relate to mixtures of smectite + dolomite, illite + goethite, and chlorite + muscovite. This interpretation is consistent with the down core qXRD results. While the smectite + dolomite, and illite + goethite factors show increased variability down core, the chlorite + muscovite factor had highest positive loadings in the middle Holocene, between ca. 6.0 and 3.6??ka. Because the most likely source of the chlorite + muscovite suite in this vicinity lies in the North Pacific, we argue that the oscillations in chlorite + muscovite values likely reflect an increase in the inflow of Pacific water to the Arctic through the Bering Strait. The time interval of this event is associated in other parts of the globe with a non-linear response of the climate system to the decrease in insolation, which may be related to changes in water exchange between the Pacific and Arctic Ocean. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global and Planetary Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2009.03.020","issn":"09218181","usgsCitation":"Ortiz, J., Polyak, L., Grebmeier, J., Darby, D., Eberl, D.D., Naidu, S., and Nof, D., 2009, Provenance of Holocene sediment on the Chukchi-Alaskan margin based on combined diffuse spectral reflectance and quantitative X-Ray Diffraction analysis: Global and Planetary Change, v. 68, no. 1-2, p. 73-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2009.03.020.","startPage":"73","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217757,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2009.03.020"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8fa1e4b0c8380cd7f892","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ortiz, J.D.","contributorId":37932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortiz","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Polyak, L.","contributorId":35927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polyak","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grebmeier, J.M.","contributorId":43932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grebmeier","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Darby, D.","contributorId":24941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darby","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Naidu, S.","contributorId":29674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naidu","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nof, D.","contributorId":89382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nof","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70036593,"text":"70036593 - 2009 - A simplified water temperature model for the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T10:59:04","indexId":"70036593","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simplified water temperature model for the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam","docAbstract":"Glen Canyon Dam, located on the Colorado River in northern Arizona, has affected the physical, biological and cultural resources of the river downstream in Grand Canyon. One of the impacts to the downstream physical environment that has important implications for the aquatic ecosystem is the transformation of the thermal regime from highly variable seasonally to relatively constant year-round, owing to hypolimnetic releases from the upstream reservoir, Lake Powell. Because of the perceived impacts on the downstream aquatic ecosystem and native fish communities, the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program has considered modifications to flow releases and release temperatures designed to increase downstream temperatures. Here, we present a new model of monthly average water temperatures below Glen Canyon Dam designed for first-order, relatively simple evaluation of various alternative dam operations. The model is based on a simplified heat-exchange equation, and model parameters are estimated empirically. The model predicts monthly average temperatures at locations up to 421 km downstream from the dam with average absolute errors less than 0.58C for the dataset considered. The modelling approach used here may also prove useful for other systems, particularly below large dams where release temperatures are substantially out of equilibrium with meteorological conditions. We also present some examples of how the model can be used to evaluate scenarios for the operation of Glen Canyon Dam.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.1179","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Wright, S., Anderson, C., and Voichick, N., 2009, A simplified water temperature model for the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam: River Research and Applications, v. 25, no. 6, p. 675-686, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1179.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"675","endPage":"686","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217758,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1179"}],"volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e595e4b0c8380cd46e4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, S.A.","contributorId":90080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, C.R.","contributorId":37181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voichick, N.","contributorId":7118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voichick","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035046,"text":"70035046 - 2009 - A prelanding assessment of the ice table depth and ground ice characteristics in Martian permafrost at the Phoenix landing site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-18T13:03:52","indexId":"70035046","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A prelanding assessment of the ice table depth and ground ice characteristics in Martian permafrost at the Phoenix landing site","docAbstract":"<p>We review multiple estimates of the ice table depth at potential Phoenix landing sites and consider the possible state and distribution of subsurface ice. A two-layer model of ice-rich material overlain by ice-free material is consistent with both the observational and theoretical lines of evidence. Results indicate ground ice to be shallow and ubiquitous, 2-6 cm below the surface. Undulations in the ice table depth are expected because of the thermodynamic effects of rocks, slopes, and soil variations on the scale of the Phoenix Lander and within the digging area, which can be advantageous for analysis of both dry surficial soils and buried ice-rich materials. The ground ice at the ice table to be sampled by the Phoenix Lander is expected to be geologically young because of recent climate oscillations. However, estimates of the ratio of soil to ice in the ice-rich subsurface layer suggest that that the ice content exceeds the available pore space, which is difficult to reconcile with existing ground ice stability and dynamics models. These high concentrations of ice may be the result of either the burial of surface snow during times of higher obliquity, initially high-porosity soils, or the migration of water along thin films. Measurement of the D/H ratio within the ice at the ice table and of the soil-to-ice ratio, as well as imaging ice-soil textures, will help determine if the ice is indeed young and if the models of the effects of climate change on the ground ice are reasonable.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2007JE003067","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Mellon, M.T., Boynton, W.V., Feldman, W.C., Arvidson, R.E., Titus, T.N., Bandfield, J.L., Putzig, N.E., and Sizemore, H., 2009, A prelanding assessment of the ice table depth and ground ice characteristics in Martian permafrost at the Phoenix landing site: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 114, no. 3, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JE003067.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476327,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007je003067","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"114","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4ebe4b0c8380cd46a18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mellon, Michael T.","contributorId":8603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mellon","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7037,"text":"Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":449029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boynton, William V.","contributorId":213347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boynton","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feldman, William C.","contributorId":61733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feldman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arvidson, Raymond E.","contributorId":106626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arvidson","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bandfield, Joshua L.","contributorId":140356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bandfield","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13469,"text":"Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colorado, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":449025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Putzig, Nathaniel E. 0000-0003-4485-6321","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4485-6321","contributorId":208684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putzig","given":"Nathaniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13179,"text":"Planetary Science Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":449028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sizemore, H.G.","contributorId":86195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sizemore","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13179,"text":"Planetary Science Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":449030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70035045,"text":"70035045 - 2009 - Seasonal movements and Home-range use by female pronghorns in sagebrush-steppe communities of western South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T16:05:17","indexId":"70035045","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal movements and Home-range use by female pronghorns in sagebrush-steppe communities of western South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p><span>Knowledge of seasonal movements by pronghorns (</span><i>Antilocapra americana</i><span>) within the easternmost extension of sagebrush-steppe communities is limited. Current hypotheses regarding movement patterns suggest that pronghorns initiate seasonal movements in response to severe winter weather, snowfall patterns, spatial and temporal variation in forage abundance, and availability of water. From January 2002 to August 2005, we monitored movements of 76 adult (≥1.5 years) female pronghorns on 2 study areas (Harding and Fall River counties) in western South Dakota. We collected 8,750 visual locations, calculated 204 home ranges, and documented 17 seasonal movements. Eighty-four percent (</span><i>n</i><span> = 55) of pronghorns were nonmigratory and 10% (</span><i>n</i><span> = 6) were conditional migrators. Mean distance between summer and winter range was 23.1 km (</span><i>SE</i><span> = 2.8 km, </span><i>n</i><span> = 13). Five adult pronghorns (8%) dispersed a mean distance of 37.6 km (</span><i>SE</i><span> = 12.4 km); of which 1 female moved a straight-line distance of 75.0 km. Winter and summer home-range size varied (</span><i>P</i><span> &lt; 0.0001) between study sites. Mean 95% adaptive kernel winter and summer home-range size of pronghorns was 55.5 and 19.7 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>, respectively, in Harding County and 127.2 and 65.9 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>, respectively, in Fall River County. Nonmigratory behavior exhibited by pronghorns was likely associated with minimal snow cover and moderate temperatures during winter 2002–2004. Variation in size of adult seasonal home ranges between sites was likely associated with differences in forage distribution and availability between regions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1644/07-MAMM-A-395.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Jacques, C., Jenks, J., and Klaver, R., 2009, Seasonal movements and Home-range use by female pronghorns in sagebrush-steppe communities of western South Dakota: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 90, no. 2, p. 433-441, https://doi.org/10.1644/07-MAMM-A-395.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"433","endPage":"441","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476387,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/07-mamm-a-395.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215323,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/07-MAMM-A-395.1"}],"volume":"90","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88c0e4b08c986b316b4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacques, C.N.","contributorId":19378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacques","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenks, J.A.","contributorId":31726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenks","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klaver, R. W. 0000-0002-3263-9701","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":50267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035043,"text":"70035043 - 2009 - Regression models for explaining and predicting concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in fish from streams in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T15:53:47","indexId":"70035043","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regression models for explaining and predicting concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in fish from streams in the United States","docAbstract":"<p>Empirical regression models were developed for estimating concentrations of dieldrin, total chlordane, and total DDT in whole fish from U.S. streams. Models were based on pesticide concentrations measured in whole fish at 648 stream sites nationwide (1992-2001) as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program. Explanatory variables included fish lipid content, estimates (or surrogates) representing historical agricultural and urban sources, watershed characteristics, and geographic location. Models were developed using Tobit regression methods appropriate for data with censoring. Typically, the models explain approximately 50 to 70% of the variability in pesticide concentrations measured in whole fish. The models were used to predict pesticide concentrations in whole fish for streams nationwide using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's River Reach File 1 and to estimate the probability that whole-fish concentrations exceed benchmarks for protection of fish-eating wildlife. Predicted concentrations were highest for dieldrin in the Corn Belt, Texas, and scattered urban areas; for total chlordane in the Corn Belt, Texas, the Southeast, and urbanized Northeast; and for total DDT in the Southeast, Texas, California, and urban areas nationwide. The probability of exceeding wildlife benchmarks for dieldrin and chlordane was predicted to be low for most U.S. streams. The probability of exceeding wildlife benchmarks for total DDT is higher but varies depending on the fish taxon and on the benchmark used. Because the models in the present study are based on fish data collected during the 1990s and organochlorine pesticide residues in the environment continue to decline decades after their uses were discontinued, these models may overestimate present-day pesticide concentrations in fish. ?? 2009 SETAC.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/08-508.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Nowell, L.H., Crawford, C.G., Gilliom, R.J., Nakagaki, N., Stone, W.W., Thelin, G., and Wolock, D.M., 2009, Regression models for explaining and predicting concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in fish from streams in the United States: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 28, no. 6, p. 1346-1358, https://doi.org/10.1897/08-508.1.","startPage":"1346","endPage":"1358","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215292,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/08-508.1"}],"volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a5d1e4b0e8fec6cdc012","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nowell, Lisa H. 0000-0001-5417-7264 lhnowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5417-7264","contributorId":490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowell","given":"Lisa","email":"lhnowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nakagaki, Naomi 0000-0003-3653-0540 nakagaki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3653-0540","contributorId":1067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakagaki","given":"Naomi","email":"nakagaki@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stone, Wesley W. 0000-0003-0239-2063 wwstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-2063","contributorId":1496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Wesley","email":"wwstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thelin, Gail gpthelin@usgs.gov","contributorId":1065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thelin","given":"Gail","email":"gpthelin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":449015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70034925,"text":"70034925 - 2009 - Sources and transformations of nitrate from streams draining varying land uses: Evidence from dual isotope analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T10:43:02","indexId":"70034925","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources and transformations of nitrate from streams draining varying land uses: Evidence from dual isotope analysis","docAbstract":"Knowledge of key sources and biogeochemical processes that affect the transport of nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) in streams can inform watershed management strategies for controlling downstream eutrophication. We applied dual isotope analysis of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> to determine the dominant sources and processes that affect NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> concentrations in six stream/river watersheds of different land uses. Samples were collected monthly at a range of flow conditions for 15 mo during 2004-05 and analyzed for NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> concentrations, ?? <sup>15</sup>N<sub>NO3</sub>, and ??<sup>18</sup>O<sub>NO3</sub>. Samples from two forested watersheds indicated that NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> derived from nitrification was dominant at baseflow. A watershed dominated by suburban land use had three ??<sup>18</sup>O<sub>NO3</sub> values greater than +25???, indicating a large direct contribution of atmospheric NO <sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> transported to the stream during some high flows. Two watersheds with large proportions of agricultural land use had many ??<sup>15</sup>N<sub>NO3</sub> values greater than +9???, suggesting an animal waste source consistent with regional dairy farming practices. These data showed a linear seasonal pattern with a ??<sup>18</sup>O <sub>NO3</sub>:??<sup>15</sup>N<sub>NO3</sub> of 1:2, consistent with seasonally varying denitrification that peaked in late summer to early fall with the warmest temperatures and lowest annual streamflow. The large range of ?? <sup>15</sup>N<sub>NO3</sub> values (10???) indicates that NO <sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> supply was likely not limiting the rate of denitrification, consistent with ground water and/or in-stream denitrification. Mixing of two or more distinct sources may have affected the seasonal isotope patterns observed in these two agricultural streams. In a mixed land use watershed of large drainage area, none of the source and process patterns observed in the small streams were evident. These results emphasize that observations at watersheds of a few to a few hundred km<sup>2</sup> may be necessary to adequately quantify the relative roles of various NO <sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> transport and process patterns that contribute to streamflow in large basins. Copyright ?? 2009 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2008.0371","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., Boyer, E., Elliott, E., and Kendall, C., 2009, Sources and transformations of nitrate from streams draining varying land uses: Evidence from dual isotope analysis: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 38, no. 3, p. 1149-1159, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0371.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1149","endPage":"1159","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215851,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0371"},{"id":243682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b935ee4b08c986b31a46a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":29450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyer, E.W.","contributorId":56358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6738,"text":"The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":448347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliott, E.M.","contributorId":78064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034913,"text":"70034913 - 2009 - Salinity tolerance of non-native Asian swamp eels (Teleostei: Synbranchidae) in Florida, USA: Comparison of three populations and implications for dispersal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034913","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salinity tolerance of non-native Asian swamp eels (Teleostei: Synbranchidae) in Florida, USA: Comparison of three populations and implications for dispersal","docAbstract":"Three populations of non-native Asian swamp eels are established in peninsular Florida (USA), and comprise two different genetic lineages. To assess potential for these fish to penetrate estuarine habitats or use coastal waters as dispersal routes, we determined their salinity tolerances. Swamp eels from the three Florida populations were tested by gradual (chronic) salinity increases; additionally, individuals from the Miami population were tested by abrupt (acute) salinity increases. Results showed significant tolerance by all populations to mesohaline waters: Mean survival time at 14 ppt was 63 days. The Homestead population, a genetically distinct lineage, exhibited greater tolerance to higher salinity than Tampa and Miami populations. Acute experiments indicated that swamp eels were capable of tolerating abrupt shifts from 0 to 16 ppt, with little mortality over 10 days. The broad salinity tolerance demonstrated by these experiments provides evidence that swamp eels are physiologically capable of infiltrating estuarine environments and using coastal waters to invade new freshwater systems. ?? 2009 US Government.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10641-009-9456-9","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Schofield, P., and Nico, L., 2009, Salinity tolerance of non-native Asian swamp eels (Teleostei: Synbranchidae) in Florida, USA: Comparison of three populations and implications for dispersal: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 85, no. 1, p. 51-59, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-009-9456-9.","startPage":"51","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215677,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-009-9456-9"}],"volume":"85","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaff7e4b0c8380cd87877","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schofield, P. J. 0000-0002-8752-2797","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-2797","contributorId":80215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nico, L.G. 0000-0002-4488-7737","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-7737","contributorId":83052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nico","given":"L.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037211,"text":"70037211 - 2009 - Pink shrimp as an indicator for restoration of everglades ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037211","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pink shrimp as an indicator for restoration of everglades ecosystems","docAbstract":"The pink shrimp, Farfantepenaeus duorarum, familiar to most Floridians as either food or bait shrimp, is ubiquitous in South Florida coastal and offshore waters and is proposed as an indicator for assessing restoration of South Florida's southern estuaries: Florida Bay, Biscayne Bay, and the mangrove estuaries of the lower southwest coast. Relationships between pink shrimp and salinity have been determined in both field and laboratory studies. Salinity is directly relevant to restoration because the salinity regimes of South Florida estuaries, critical nursery habitat for the pink shrimp, will be altered by changes in the quantity, timing, and distribution of freshwater inflow planned as part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Project (CERP). Here we suggest performance measures based on pink shrimp density (number per square meter) in the estuaries and propose a restoration assessment and scoring scheme using these performance measures that can readily be communicated to managers, policy makers, and the interested public. The pink shrimp is an appropriate restoration indicator because of its ecological as well as its economic importance and also because scientific interest in pink shrimp in South Florida has produced a wealth of information about the species and relatively long time series of data on both juveniles in estuarine nursery habitats and adults on the fishing grounds. We suggest research needs for improving the pink shrimp performance measure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Indicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.10.007","issn":"1470160X","usgsCitation":"Browder, J.A., and Robblee, M., 2009, Pink shrimp as an indicator for restoration of everglades ecosystems: Ecological Indicators, v. 9, no. 6 SUPPL., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.10.007.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217111,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.10.007"},{"id":245028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"6 SUPPL.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b73e4b0c8380cd7945f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Browder, Joan A.","contributorId":7439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browder","given":"Joan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robblee, M. B.","contributorId":23879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robblee","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034891,"text":"70034891 - 2009 - Lake St. Clair zooplankton: Evidence for post-Dreissena changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T12:46:21","indexId":"70034891","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Lake St. Clair zooplankton: Evidence for post-<i>Dreissena</i> changes","title":"Lake St. Clair zooplankton: Evidence for post-Dreissena changes","docAbstract":"<p><span>We surveyed the zooplankton of Lake St. Clair at 12 sites over ten dates from May to October 2000. Mean zooplankton density by site and date was 168.6 individuals/L, with </span><i>Dreissena</i><span> spp. veligers the most abundant taxon at 122.7 individuals/L. Rotifers, copepods, and cladocerans were far lower in mean abundance than in the early 1970s (rotifers, 20.9/L; copepods, 18.1/L; and cladocerans, 6.8/L). Species richness of zooplankton taxa in 2000 was 147, which was virtually unchanged from that of the first reported survey in 1894. Overall, the decline in abundance was greatest for rotifers (-90%) and about equal for cladocerans (-69%) and copepods (-66%). The decrease in abundance of </span><i>Daphnia</i><span> spp. was especially dramatic in Canadian waters. The decline in the southeastern region was significant for all three major groups of zooplankton, whereas in the northwestern region the decline was significant only for rotifers. From June to August 2000, Lake St. Clair open waters were numerically dominated by </span><i>Dreissena</i><span> spp. veligers, with a reduced abundance of rotifers and crustaceans compared to </span><i>pre-Dreissena</i><span> spp. surveys. Mean nutrient concentrations were not different from the 1970s, but Secchi depth (greater) and chlorophyll </span><i>a</i><span> concentration (lower) were. Disproportionate reduction in rotifer abundance is consistent with hypotheses implicating direct consumption by settled </span><i>Dreissena</i><span> spp. Reduction of crustaceans is likely due to more complex interactions including removal of nauplii as well as resource competition for phytoplankton.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2009.9664284","issn":"02705060","usgsCitation":"David, K.A., Davis, B.M., and Hunter, R.D., 2009, Lake St. Clair zooplankton: Evidence for post-Dreissena changes: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 24, no. 2, p. 199-210, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2009.9664284.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"210","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Michigan, Ontario","otherGeospatial":"Lake St. Clair","volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4154e4b0c8380cd6548f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"David, Katherine A.","contributorId":82940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"David","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, Bruce M. bmdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":4227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Bruce","email":"bmdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunter, R. Douglas","contributorId":49183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunter","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034883,"text":"70034883 - 2009 - Factors influencing coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) seasonal survival rates: A spatially continuous approach within stream networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T15:19:51","indexId":"70034883","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) seasonal survival rates: A spatially continuous approach within stream networks","docAbstract":"Mark-recapture methods were used to examine watershed-scale survival of coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) from two headwater stream networks. A total of 1725 individuals (???100 mm, fork length) were individually marked and monitored seasonally over a 3-year period. Differences in survival were compared among spatial (stream segment, subwatershed, and watershed) and temporal (season and year) analytical scales, and the effects of abiotic (discharge, temperature, and cover) and biotic (length, growth, condition, density, movement, and relative fish abundance) factors were evaluated. Seasonal survival was consistently lowest and least variable (years combined) during autumn (16 September - 15 December), and evidence suggested that survival was negatively associated with periods of low stream discharge. In addition, relatively low (-) and high (+) water temperatures, fish length (-), and boulder cover (+) were weakly associated with survival. Seasonal abiotic conditions affected the adult cutthroat trout population in these watersheds, and low-discharge periods (e.g., autumn) were annual survival bottlenecks. Results emphasize the importance of watershed-scale processes to the understanding of population-level survival.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F09-029","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Berger, A., and Gresswell, R., 2009, Factors influencing coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) seasonal survival rates: A spatially continuous approach within stream networks: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 66, no. 4, p. 613-632, https://doi.org/10.1139/F09-029.","startPage":"613","endPage":"632","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215704,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F09-029"}],"volume":"66","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ec3e4b0c8380cd535f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berger, A.M.","contributorId":13460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gresswell, R. E.","contributorId":38084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034866,"text":"70034866 - 2009 - Use of predictive models and rapid methods to nowcast bacteria levels at coastal beaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T12:55:14","indexId":"70034866","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of predictive models and rapid methods to nowcast bacteria levels at coastal beaches","docAbstract":"<p>The need for rapid assessments of recreational water quality to better protect public health is well accepted throughout the research and regulatory communities. Rapid analytical methods, such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunomagnetic separation/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) analysis, are being tested but are not yet ready for widespread use.</p><p>Another solution is the use of predictive models, wherein variable(s) that are easily and quickly measured are surrogates for concentrations of fecal-indicator bacteria. Rainfall-based alerts, the simplest type of model, have been used by several communities for a number of years. Deterministic models use mathematical representations of the processes that affect bacteria concentrations; this type of model is being used for beach-closure decisions at one location in the USA. Multivariable statistical models are being developed and tested in many areas of the USA; however, they are only used in three areas of the Great Lakes to aid in notifications of beach advisories or closings. These “operational” statistical models can result in more accurate assessments of recreational water quality than use of the previous day's <i>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</i>concentration as determined by traditional culture methods. The Ohio Nowcast, at Huntington Beach, Bay Village, Ohio, is described in this paper as an example of an operational statistical model. Because predictive modeling is a dynamic process, water-resource managers continue to collect additional data to improve the predictive ability of the nowcast and expand the nowcast to other Ohio beaches and a recreational river. Although predictive models have been shown to work well at some beaches and are becoming more widely accepted, implementation in many areas is limited by funding, lack of coordinated technical leadership, and lack of supporting epidemiological data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/14634980902905767","issn":"14634988","usgsCitation":"Francy, D.S., 2009, Use of predictive models and rapid methods to nowcast bacteria levels at coastal beaches: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 12, no. 2, p. 177-182, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980902905767.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"182","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf5ce4b08c986b329af4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Francy, Donna S. 0000-0001-9229-3557 dsfrancy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9229-3557","contributorId":1853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francy","given":"Donna","email":"dsfrancy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70034859,"text":"70034859 - 2009 - Nitrate removal in stream ecosystems measured by <sup>15</sup>N addition experiments: Denitrification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-22T14:41:26","indexId":"70034859","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrate removal in stream ecosystems measured by <sup>15</sup>N addition experiments: Denitrification","docAbstract":"We measured denitrification rates using a field <sup>15</sup>N-NO- <sub>3</sub> tracer-addition approach in a large, cross-site study of nitrate uptake in reference, agricultural, and suburban-urban streams. We measured denitrification rates in 49 of 72 streams studied. Uptake length due to denitrification (S<sub>Wden</sub>) ranged from 89 m to 184 km (median of 9050 m) and there were no significant differences among regions or land-use categories, likely because of the wide range of conditions within each region and land use. N<sub>2</sub> production rates far exceeded N<sub>2</sub>O production rates in all streams. The fraction of total NO-<sub>3</sub> removal from water due to denitrification ranged from 0.5% to 100% among streams (median of 16%), and was related to NHz 4 concentration and ecosystem respiration rate (ER). Multivariate approaches showed that the most important factors controlling S<sub>Wden</sub> were specific discharge (discharge / width) and NO-<sub>3</sub> concentration (positive effects), and ER and transient storage zones (negative effects). The relationship between areal denitrification rate (U<sub>den</sub>) and NO- <sub>3</sub> concentration indicated a partial saturation effect. A power function with an exponent of 0.5 described this relationship better than a Michaelis-Menten equation. Although Uden increased with increasing NO- <sub>3</sub> concentration, the efficiency of NO-<sub>3</sub> removal from water via denitrification declined, resulting in a smaller proportion of streamwater NO-<sub>3</sub> load removed over a given length of stream. Regional differences in stream denitrification rates were small relative to the proximate factors of NO-<sub>3</sub> concentration and ecosystem respiration rate, and land use was an important but indirect control on denitrification in streams, primarily via its effect on NO-<sub>3</sub> concentration. ?? 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and Oceanography","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Mulholland, P.J., Hall, R.O., Sobota, D.J., Dodds, W.K., Findlay, S., Grimm, N.B., Hamilton, S.K., McDowell, W.H., O’Brien, J.M., Tank, J.L., Ashkenas, L., Cooper, L.W., Dahm, C., Gregory, S., Johnson, S.L., Meyer, J., Peterson, B.J., Poole, G.C., Valett, H.M., Webster, J., Arango, C.P., Beaulieu, J.J., Bernot, M.J., Burgin, A.J., Crenshaw, C.L., Helton, A.M., Johnson, L., Niederlehner, B., Potter, J.D., Sheibley, R., and Thomasn, S., 2009, Nitrate removal in stream ecosystems measured by <sup>15</sup>N addition experiments: Denitrification: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 54, no. 3, p. 666-680.","startPage":"666","endPage":"680","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267952,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://info.ornl.gov/sites/publications/Files/Pub10078.pdf"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66ade4b0c8380cd72f02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulholland, P. J.","contributorId":89081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulholland","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, R. O. Jr.","contributorId":53101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sobota, D. J.","contributorId":15419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sobota","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dodds, W. K.","contributorId":21297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dodds","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Findlay, S.E.G.","contributorId":10531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Findlay","given":"S.E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grimm, N. B.","contributorId":54164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grimm","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":448009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hamilton, S. K.","contributorId":60866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McDowell, W. H.","contributorId":88532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDowell","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"O’Brien, J. M.","contributorId":63637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Brien","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tank, J. L.","contributorId":100214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tank","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Ashkenas, L. R.","contributorId":14656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ashkenas","given":"L. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Cooper, L. 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