{"pageNumber":"852","pageRowStart":"21275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70032274,"text":"70032274 - 2009 - Instability of seawater pH in the South China Sea during the mid-late Holocene: Evidence from boron isotopic composition of corals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70032274","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Instability of seawater pH in the South China Sea during the mid-late Holocene: Evidence from boron isotopic composition of corals","docAbstract":"We used positive thermal ionization mass spectrometry (PTIMS) to generate high precision ??11B records in Porites corals of the mid-late Holocene from the South China Sea (SCS). The ??11B values of the Holocene corals vary significantly, ranging from 22.2??? to 25.5???. The paleo-pH records of the SCS, reconstructed from the ??11B data, were not stable as previously thought but show a gradual increase from the Holocene thermal optimal and a sharp decrease to modern values. The latter is likely caused by the large amount of anthropogenic CO2 emissions since the Industrial Revolution but variations of atmospheric pCO2 cannot explain the pH change of the SCS before the Industrial Revolution. We suggest that variations of monsoon intensity during the mid-late Holocene may have driven the sea surface pH increase from the mid to late Holocene. Results of this study indicate that the impact of anthropogenic atmospheric CO2 emissions may have reversed the natural pH trend in the SCS since the mid-Holocene. Such ocean pH records in the current interglacial period can help us better understand the physical and biological controls on ocean pH and possibly predict the long-term impact of climate change on future ocean acidification. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2008.11.034","issn":"00167","usgsCitation":"Liu, Y., Liu, W., Peng, Z., Xiao, Y., Wei, G., Sun, W., He, J., Liu, G., and Chou, C.L., 2009, Instability of seawater pH in the South China Sea during the mid-late Holocene: Evidence from boron isotopic composition of corals: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 73, no. 5, p. 1264-1272, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.11.034.","startPage":"1264","endPage":"1272","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215071,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.11.034"},{"id":242841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c25e4b0c8380cd62aea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Yajing","contributorId":16553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Yajing","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, W.","contributorId":79250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peng, Z.","contributorId":95598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xiao, Y.","contributorId":71406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiao","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wei, G.","contributorId":105415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sun, W.","contributorId":69692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"He, J.","contributorId":95993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Chou, C. L.","contributorId":32655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70032273,"text":"70032273 - 2009 - The Drenchwater deposit, Alaska: An example of a natural low pH environment resulting from weathering of an undisturbed shale-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70032273","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Drenchwater deposit, Alaska: An example of a natural low pH environment resulting from weathering of an undisturbed shale-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposit","docAbstract":"The Drenchwater shale-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposit and the immediate vicinity, on the northern flank of the Brooks Range in north-central Alaska, is an ideal example of a naturally low pH system. The two drainages, Drenchwater and False Wager Creeks, which bound the deposit, differ in their acidity and metal contents. Moderately acidic waters with elevated concentrations of metals (pH ??? 4.3, Zn ??? 1400 ??g/L) in the Drenchwater Creek drainage basin are attributed to weathering of an exposed base-metal-rich massive sulfide occurrence. Stream sediment and water chemistry data collected from False Wager Creek suggest that an unexposed base-metal sulfide occurrence may account for the lower pH (2.7-3.1) and very metal-rich waters (up to 2600 ??g/L Zn, ??? 260 ??g/L Cu and ???89 ??g/L Tl) collected at least 2 km upstream of known mineralized exposures. These more acidic conditions produce jarosite, schwertmannite and Fe-hydroxides commonly associated with acid-mine drainage. The high metal concentrations in some water samples from both streams naturally exceed Alaska state regulatory limits for freshwater aquatic life, affirming the importance of establishing base-line conditions in the event of human land development. The studies at the Drenchwater deposit demonstrate that poor water quality can be generated through entirely natural weathering of base-metal occurrences, and, possibly unmineralized black shale.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.016","issn":"08832","usgsCitation":"Graham, G., and Kelley, K., 2009, The Drenchwater deposit, Alaska: An example of a natural low pH environment resulting from weathering of an undisturbed shale-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposit: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 2, p. 232-245, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.016.","startPage":"232","endPage":"245","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215039,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.016"},{"id":242808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba70ae4b08c986b32132f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, G.E.","contributorId":6680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, K.D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":75157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032490,"text":"70032490 - 2009 - Parasite manipulation of brain monoamines in California killifish (Fundulus parvipinnis) by the trematode Euhaplorchis californiensis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032490","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3174,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parasite manipulation of brain monoamines in California killifish (Fundulus parvipinnis) by the trematode Euhaplorchis californiensis","docAbstract":"California killifish (Fundulus parvipinnis) infected with the brain-encysting trematode Euhaplorchis californiensis display conspicuous swimming behaviours rendering them more susceptible to predation by avian final hosts. Heavily infected killifish grow and reproduce normally, despite having thousands of cysts inside their braincases. This suggests that E. californiensis affects only specific locomotory behaviours. We hypothesised that changes in the serotonin and dopamine metabolism, essential for controlling locomotion and arousal may underlie this behaviour modification. We employed micropunch dissection and HPLC to analyse monoamine and monoamine metabolite concentrations in the brain regions of uninfected and experimentally infected fish. The parasites exerted density-dependent changes in monoaminergic activity distinct from those exhibited by fish subjected to stress. Specifically, E. californiensis inhibited a normally occurring, stress-induced elevation of serotonergic metabolism in the raphae nuclei. This effect was particularly evident in the experimentally infected fish, whose low-density infections were concentrated on the brainstem. Furthermore, high E. californiensis density was associated with increased dopaminergic activity in the hypothalamus and decreased serotonergic activity in the hippocampus. In conclusion, the altered monoaminergic metabolism may explain behavioural differences leading to increased predation of the infected killifish by their final host predators. ?? 2008 The Royal Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2008.1597","issn":"09628","usgsCitation":"Shaw, J., Korzan, W., Carpenter, R., Kuris, A.M., Lafferty, K.D., Summers, C., and Overli, O., 2009, Parasite manipulation of brain monoamines in California killifish (Fundulus parvipinnis) by the trematode Euhaplorchis californiensis: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 276, no. 1659, p. 1137-1146, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1597.","startPage":"1137","endPage":"1146","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476422,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2679081","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213884,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1597"},{"id":241551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"276","issue":"1659","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a74d9e4b0c8380cd7787b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaw, J.C.","contributorId":6789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Korzan, W.J.","contributorId":78950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korzan","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carpenter, R.E.","contributorId":31587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuris, A. M.","contributorId":62164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuris","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lafferty, K. D.","contributorId":58213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lafferty","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Summers, C.H.","contributorId":48389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Summers","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Overli, O.","contributorId":94113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overli","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70032401,"text":"70032401 - 2009 - Assessing the response of area burned to changing climate in western boreal North America using a Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032401","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the response of area burned to changing climate in western boreal North America using a Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) approach","docAbstract":"Fire is a common disturbance in the North American boreal forest that influences ecosystem structure and function. The temporal and spatial dynamics of fire are likely to be altered as climate continues to change. In this study, we ask the question: how will area burned in boreal North America by wildfire respond to future changes in climate? To evaluate this question, we developed temporally and spatially explicit relationships between air temperature and fuel moisture codes derived from the Canadian Fire Weather Index System to estimate annual area burned at 2.5?? (latitude ?? longitude) resolution using a Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS) approach across Alaska and Canada. Burned area was substantially more predictable in the western portion of boreal North America than in eastern Canada. Burned area was also not very predictable in areas of substantial topographic relief and in areas along the transition between boreal forest and tundra. At the scale of Alaska and western Canada, the empirical fire models explain on the order of 82% of the variation in annual area burned for the period 1960-2002. July temperature was the most frequently occurring predictor across all models, but the fuel moisture codes for the months June through August (as a group) entered the models as the most important predictors of annual area burned. To predict changes in the temporal and spatial dynamics of fire under future climate, the empirical fire models used output from the Canadian Climate Center CGCM2 global climate model to predict annual area burned through the year 2100 across Alaska and western Canada. Relative to 1991-2000, the results suggest that average area burned per decade will double by 2041-2050 and will increase on the order of 3.5-5.5 times by the last decade of the 21st century. To improve the ability to better predict wildfire across Alaska and Canada, future research should focus on incorporating additional effects of long-term and successional vegetation changes on area burned to account more fully for interactions among fire, climate, and vegetation dynamics. ?? 2009 The Authors Journal compilation ?? 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01679.x","issn":"13541","usgsCitation":"Balshi, M.S., McGuire, A., Duffy, P., Flannigan, M., Walsh, J., and Melillo, J., 2009, Assessing the response of area burned to changing climate in western boreal North America using a Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) approach: Global Change Biology, v. 15, no. 3, p. 578-600, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01679.x.","startPage":"578","endPage":"600","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213994,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01679.x"},{"id":241678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edefe4b0c8380cd49b07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balshi, M. S.","contributorId":9469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balshi","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":435977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duffy, P.","contributorId":40435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duffy","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flannigan, M.","contributorId":62391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flannigan","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13540,"text":"Canadian Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":435982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walsh, J.","contributorId":40813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Melillo, J.","contributorId":33081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13206,"text":"Sea Education Association, Woods Hole, Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":435979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032310,"text":"70032310 - 2009 - The use of local indicators of spatial association to improve LiDAR-derived predictions of potential amphibian breeding ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70032310","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2305,"text":"Journal of Geographical Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of local indicators of spatial association to improve LiDAR-derived predictions of potential amphibian breeding ponds","docAbstract":"We examined whether spatially explicit information improved models that use LiDAR return signal intensity to discriminate in-pond habitat from terrestrial habitat at 24 amphibian breeding ponds. The addition of Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) to LiDAR return intensity data significantly improved predictive models at all ponds, reduced residual error by as much as 74%, and appeared to improve models by reducing classification errors associated with types of in-pond vegetation. We conclude that LISA statistics can help maximize the information content that can be extracted from time resolved LiDAR return data in models that predict the occurrence of small, seasonal ponds. ?? Springer-Verlag 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geographical Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10109-008-0074-4","issn":"14355","usgsCitation":"Julian, J., Young, J., Jones, J.W., Snyder, C., and Wright, C.W., 2009, The use of local indicators of spatial association to improve LiDAR-derived predictions of potential amphibian breeding ponds: Journal of Geographical Systems, v. 11, no. 1, p. 89-106, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-008-0074-4.","startPage":"89","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214636,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10109-008-0074-4"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb18be4b08c986b32532d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Julian, J.T.","contributorId":106686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, J.A. 0000-0002-4500-3673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":37674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, J. W.","contributorId":89233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snyder, C.D.","contributorId":73540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, C. W. wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":49758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032240,"text":"70032240 - 2009 - Geochemical evidence for African dust and volcanic ash inputs to terra rossa soils on carbonate reef terraces, northern Jamaica, West Indies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032240","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical evidence for African dust and volcanic ash inputs to terra rossa soils on carbonate reef terraces, northern Jamaica, West Indies","docAbstract":"The origin of red or reddish-brown, clay-rich, \"terra rossa\" soils on limestone has been debated for decades. A traditional qualitative explanation for their formation has been the accumulation of insoluble residues as the limestone is progressively dissolved over time. However, this mode of formation often requires unrealistic or impossible amounts of carbonate dissolution. Therefore, where this mechanism is not viable and where local fluvial or colluvial inputs can be ruled out, an external source or sources must be involved in soil formation. On the north coast of the Caribbean island of Jamaica, we studied a sequence of terra rossa soils developed on emergent limestones thought to be of Quaternary age. The soils become progressively thicker, redder, more Fe- and Al-rich and Si-poor with elevation. Furthermore, although kaolinite is found in all the soils, the highest and oldest soils also contain boehmite. Major and trace element geochemistry shows that the host limestones and local igneous rocks are not likely source materials for the soils. Other trace elements, including the rare earth elements (REE), show that tephra from Central American volcanoes is not a likely source either. However, trace element geochemistry shows that airborne dust from Africa plus tephra from the Lesser Antilles island arc are possible source materials for the clay-rich soils. A third, as yet unidentified, source may also contribute to the soils. We hypothesize that older, more chemically mature Jamaican bauxites may have had a similar origin. The results add to the growing body of evidence of the importance of multiple parent materials, including far-traveled dust, to soil genesis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2007.10.026","issn":"10406","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., and Budahn, J., 2009, Geochemical evidence for African dust and volcanic ash inputs to terra rossa soils on carbonate reef terraces, northern Jamaica, West Indies: Quaternary International, v. 196, no. 1-2, p. 13-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.10.026.","startPage":"13","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215036,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.10.026"},{"id":242804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"196","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a162ae4b0c8380cd55080","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budahn, J. R. 0000-0001-9794-8882","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":83914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032308,"text":"70032308 - 2009 - Short- and long-term response of deteriorating brackish marshes and open-water ponds to sediment enhancement by thin-layer dredge disposal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70032308","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short- and long-term response of deteriorating brackish marshes and open-water ponds to sediment enhancement by thin-layer dredge disposal","docAbstract":"Artificial sediment enhancement using a thin layer of dredged material has been suggested as a means to increase elevation and create soil conditions conducive to increased marsh structure and function in deteriorating marshes. Using a chronosequence approach, we examined the effects of sediment enhancement in deteriorating marsh and open-water pond habitats located in six brackish marshes. Sediment enhancement of both marsh and interior pond sites had significant, immediate, and long-lasting effects on physical soil properties and nutrient status with increased bulk density and inorganic nitrogen. Vegetative cover and productivity response were minimal for deteriorating vegetated marshes with the short-term response data showing no significant impact of sediment enhancement and long-term trends indicating decreasing productivity over time. In contrast, trajectory models of vegetative cover and productivity in interior pond sites showed increases over time indicating that, for restoration of interior ponds, sediment enhancement may prove valuable. The use of trajectory models emphasizes the need for long-term monitoring to determine restoration success of projects. ?? 2008 U.S. Government.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries and Coasts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s12237-008-9126-8","issn":"15592","usgsCitation":"La Peyre, M., Gossman, B., and Piazza, B.P., 2009, Short- and long-term response of deteriorating brackish marshes and open-water ponds to sediment enhancement by thin-layer dredge disposal: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 32, no. 2, p. 390-402, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9126-8.","startPage":"390","endPage":"402","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214634,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9126-8"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ea8e4b08c986b318a7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"La Peyre, M.K. 0000-0001-9936-2252","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":102239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gossman, B.","contributorId":47163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gossman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piazza, Bryan P.","contributorId":11022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piazza","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032245,"text":"70032245 - 2009 - Bacterial succession within an ephemeral hypereutrophic mojave desert playa lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032245","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2729,"text":"Microbial Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bacterial succession within an ephemeral hypereutrophic mojave desert playa lake","docAbstract":"Ephemerally wet playas are conspicuous features of arid landscapes worldwide; however, they have not been well studied as habitats for microorganisms. We tracked the geochemistry and microbial community in Silver Lake playa, California, over one flooding/desiccation cycle following the unusually wet winter of 2004-2005. Over the course of the study, total dissolved solids increased by 10-fold and pH increased by nearly one unit. As the lake contracted and temperatures increased over the summer, a moderately dense planktonic population of 1 ?????106 cells ml-1 of culturable heterotrophs was replaced by a dense population of more than 1????????109 cells ml-1, which appears to be the highest concentration of culturable planktonic heterotrophs reported in any natural aquatic ecosystem. This correlated with a dramatic depletion of nitrate as well as changes in the microbial community, as assessed by small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of bacterial isolates and uncultivated clones. Isolates from the early-phase flooded playa were primarily Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, yet clone libraries were dominated by Betaproteobacteria and yet uncultivated Actinobacteria. Isolates from the late-flooded phase ecosystem were predominantly Proteobacteria, particularly alkalitolerant isolates of Rhodobaca, Porphyrobacter, Hydrogenophaga, Alishwenella, and relatives of Thauera; however, clone libraries were composed almost entirely of Synechococcus (Cyanobacteria). A sample taken after the playa surface was completely desiccated contained diverse culturable Actinobacteria typically isolated from soils. In total, 205 isolates and 166 clones represented 82 and 44 species-level groups, respectively, including a wide diversity of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, and Cyanobacteria. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Microbial Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00248-008-9426-3","issn":"00953","usgsCitation":"Navarro, J., Moser, D., Flores, A., Ross, C., Rosen, M.R., Dong, H., Zhang, G., and Hedlund, B., 2009, Bacterial succession within an ephemeral hypereutrophic mojave desert playa lake: Microbial Ecology, v. 57, no. 2, p. 307-320, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-008-9426-3.","startPage":"307","endPage":"320","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214600,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-008-9426-3"},{"id":242340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efa4e4b0c8380cd4a388","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Navarro, J.B.","contributorId":98131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Navarro","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moser, D.P.","contributorId":11427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moser","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flores, A.","contributorId":23346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ross, C.","contributorId":100210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosen, Michael R.","contributorId":43096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dong, H.","contributorId":94086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dong","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhang, G.","contributorId":12636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hedlund, B.P.","contributorId":101100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedlund","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70032368,"text":"70032368 - 2009 - Relative importance of habitat area and isolation for bird occurrence patterns in a naturally patchy landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032368","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative importance of habitat area and isolation for bird occurrence patterns in a naturally patchy landscape","docAbstract":"There is debate among ecologists about whether total habitat area or patch arrangement contributes most to population and/or community responses to fragmented or patchy landscapes. We tested the relative effects of patch area and isolation for predicting bird occurrence in a naturally patchy landscape in the Bear River Mountains of Northern Utah, USA. We selected focal patches (mountain meadows) ranging in elevation from 1,920 to 2,860 m and in size from 0.6 to 182 ha. Breeding birds were sampled in each focal meadow during the summers of 2003 and 2004 using variable-distance point transects. Logistic regression and likelihood-based model selection were used to determine the relationship between likelihood of occurrence of three bird species (Brewer's sparrow, vesper sparrow, and white-crowned sparrow) and area, isolation, and proximity metrics. We used model weights and model-averaged confidence intervals to assess the importance of each predictor variable. Plots of area versus isolation were used to evaluate complex relationships between the variables. We found that meadow area was the most important variable for explaining occurrence for two species, and that isolation was the most important for the other. We also found that the absolute distance was more appropriate for evaluating isolation responses than was the species-specific proximity metric. Our findings add clarity to the debate between ecologists regarding the relative importance of area and isolation in species responses to patchy landscapes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10980-008-9309-5","issn":"09212","usgsCitation":"Wilson, T., Johnson, E., and Bissonette, J., 2009, Relative importance of habitat area and isolation for bird occurrence patterns in a naturally patchy landscape: Landscape Ecology, v. 24, no. 3, p. 351-360, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-008-9309-5.","startPage":"351","endPage":"360","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213993,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-008-9309-5"},{"id":241677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa684e4b0c8380cd84ec5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, T.L.","contributorId":78561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, E.J.","contributorId":58478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bissonette, J.A.","contributorId":21498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bissonette","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032243,"text":"70032243 - 2009 - A test and re-estimation of Taylor's empirical capacity-reserve relationship","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:56","indexId":"70032243","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A test and re-estimation of Taylor's empirical capacity-reserve relationship","docAbstract":"In 1977, Taylor proposed a constant elasticity model relating capacity choice in mines to reserves. A test of this model using a very large (n = 1,195) dataset confirms its validity but obtains significantly different estimated values for the model coefficients. Capacity is somewhat inelastic with respect to reserves, with an elasticity of 0.65 estimated for open-pit plus block-cave underground mines and 0.56 for all other underground mines. These new estimates should be useful for capacity determinations as scoping studies and as a starting point for feasibility studies. The results are robust over a wide range of deposit types, deposit sizes, and time, consistent with physical constraints on mine capacity that are largely independent of technology. ?? 2009 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11053-009-9088-y","issn":"15207","usgsCitation":"Long, K.R., 2009, A test and re-estimation of Taylor's empirical capacity-reserve relationship: Natural Resources Research, v. 18, no. 1, p. 57-63, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-009-9088-y.","startPage":"57","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215069,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-009-9088-y"},{"id":242839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5f6e4b0c8380cd4706c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, K. R.","contributorId":94658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032340,"text":"70032340 - 2009 - Markov decision processes in natural resources management: Observability and uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70032340","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Markov decision processes in natural resources management: Observability and uncertainty","docAbstract":"The breadth and complexity of stochastic decision processes in natural resources presents a challenge to analysts who need to understand and use these approaches. The objective of this paper is to describe a class of decision processes that are germane to natural resources conservation and management, namely Markov decision processes, and to discuss applications and computing algorithms under different conditions of observability and uncertainty. A number of important similarities are developed in the framing and evaluation of different decision processes, which can be useful in their applications in natural resources management. The challenges attendant to partial observability are highlighted, and possible approaches for dealing with it are discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.12.023","issn":"03043","usgsCitation":"Williams, B.K., 2009, Markov decision processes in natural resources management: Observability and uncertainty: Ecological Modelling, v. 220, no. 6, p. 830-840, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.12.023.","startPage":"830","endPage":"840","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215076,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.12.023"},{"id":242848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"220","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5204e4b0c8380cd6c0cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, B. Kenneth","contributorId":107798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032336,"text":"70032336 - 2009 - Fractionation of the platinum-group elments and Re during crystallization of basalt in Kilauea Iki Lava Lake, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70032336","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fractionation of the platinum-group elments and Re during crystallization of basalt in Kilauea Iki Lava Lake, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Kilauea Iki lava lake formed during the 1959 summit eruption of Kilauea Volcano, then crystallized and differentiated over a period of 35??years. It offers an opportunity to evaluate the fractionation behavior of trace elements in a uniquely well-documented basaltic system. A suite of 14 core samples recovered from 1967 to 1981 has been analyzed for 5 platinum-group elements (PGE: Ir, Os, Ru, Pt, Pd), plus Re. These samples have MgO ranging from 2.4 to 26.9??wt.%, with temperatures prior to quench ranging from 1140????C to ambient (110????C). Five eruption samples were also analyzed. Osmium and Ru concentrations vary by nearly four orders of magnitude (0.0006-1.40??ppb for Os and 0.0006-2.01??ppb for Ru) and are positively correlated with MgO content. These elements behaved compatibly during crystallization, mostly likely being concentrated in trace phases (alloy or sulfide) present in olivine phenocrysts or included chromite. Iridium also correlates positively with MgO, although less strongly than Os and Ru. The somewhat poorer correlation for Ir, compared with Os and Ru, may reflect variable loss of Ir as volatile IrF6 in some of the most magnesian samples. Rhenium is negatively correlated with MgO, behaving as an incompatible trace element. Its behavior in the lava lake is complicated by apparent volatile loss of Re, as suggested by a decrease in Re concentration with time of quenching for lake samples vs. eruption samples. Platinum and Pd concentrations are negatively, albeit weakly, correlated with MgO, so these elements were modestly incompatible during crystallization of the major silicate phases. Palladium contents peaked before precipitation of immiscible sulfide liquid, however, and decline sharply in the most differentiated samples. In contrast, Pt appears to have been unaffected by sulfide precipitation. Microprobe data confirm that Pd entered the sulfide liquid before Re, and that Pt is not strongly chalcophile in this system. Occasional high Pt values in both eruption and lava lake samples suggest the presence of unevenly distributed, unidentified Pt-rich trace phases in some Kilauea Iki materials. Estimated mineral (olivine + chromite)/melt D values for Os, Ir, Ru and Pt for equilibrium crystallization for samples from ~ 7 to 27??wt.% MgO are 26, 8.2, 19 and 0.55, respectively. These Os, Ir and Ru estimates are somewhat higher than previous estimates for similar systems. If fractional crystallization is instead assumed, D values are much more similar. Results confirm many prior observations in other mafic systems that olivine (together with included phases) has a major effect on absolute and relative abundances of Re and the PGE. The relatively linear correlations between these elements and MgO potentially permit accurate estimation of the concentrations of these elements in the primary melts of comparable systems, especially in instances where the MgO content of the primary melt is well constrained. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.12.022","issn":"00092","usgsCitation":"Pitcher, L., Helz, R., Walker, R., and Piccoli, P., 2009, Fractionation of the platinum-group elments and Re during crystallization of basalt in Kilauea Iki Lava Lake, Hawaii: Chemical Geology, v. 260, no. 3-4, p. 196-210, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.12.022.","startPage":"196","endPage":"210","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215042,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.12.022"},{"id":242811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"260","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13ade4b0c8380cd54733","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pitcher, L.","contributorId":49625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitcher","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helz, Rosalind Tuthill 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":16806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind Tuthill","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, R.J.","contributorId":105859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piccoli, P.","contributorId":13054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piccoli","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032459,"text":"70032459 - 2009 - Titan's surface at 2.2-cm wavelength imaged by the Cassini RADAR radiometer: Calibration and first results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032459","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Titan's surface at 2.2-cm wavelength imaged by the Cassini RADAR radiometer: Calibration and first results","docAbstract":"The first comprehensive calibration and mapping of the thermal microwave emission from Titan's surface is reported based on radiometric data obtained at 2.2-cm wavelength by the passive radiometer included in the Cassini Radar instrument. The data reported were accumulated from 69 separate observational segments in Titan passes from Ta (October 2004) through T30 (May 2007) and include emission from 94% of Titan's surface. They are diverse in the key observing parameters of emission angle, polarization, and spatial resolution, and their reduction into calibrated global mosaic maps involved several steps. Analysis of the polarimetry obtained at low to moderate resolution (50+ km) enabled integration of the radiometry into a single mosaic of the equivalent brightness temperature at normal incidence with a relative precision of about 1 K. The Huygens probe measurement of Titan's surface temperature and radiometry obtained on Titan's dune fields allowed us to infer an absolute calibration estimated to be accurate to a level approaching 1 K. The results provide evidence for a surface that is complex and varied on large scales. The radiometry primarily constrains physical properties of the surface, where we see strong evidence for subsurface (volume) scattering as a dominant mechanism that determines the emissivity, with the possibility of a fluffy or graded-density surface layer in many regions. The results are consistent with, but not necessarily definitive of a surface composition resulting from the slow deposition and processing of organic compounds from the atmosphere. ?? 2008 Elsevier Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2008.10.017","issn":"00191","usgsCitation":"Janssen, M., Lorenz, R.D., West, R., Paganelli, F., Lopes, R., Kirk, R.L., Elachi, C., Wall, S.D., Johnson, W., Anderson, Y., Boehmer, R., Callahan, P., Gim, Y., Hamilton, G., Kelleher, K., Roth, L., Stiles, B., and Le, G.A., 2009, Titan's surface at 2.2-cm wavelength imaged by the Cassini RADAR radiometer: Calibration and first results: Icarus, v. 200, no. 1, p. 222-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2008.10.017.","startPage":"222","endPage":"239","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213882,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2008.10.017"},{"id":241548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"200","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb41de4b08c986b3261b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janssen, M.A.","contributorId":28345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janssen","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenz, R. D.","contributorId":90441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorenz","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"West, R.","contributorId":26996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paganelli, F.","contributorId":17353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paganelli","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lopes, R.M.","contributorId":56444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kirk, R. L.","contributorId":94698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Elachi, C.","contributorId":104606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elachi","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wall, S. D.","contributorId":86468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wall","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnson, W.T.K.","contributorId":27174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Anderson, Y.","contributorId":60369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Boehmer, R.A.","contributorId":59254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boehmer","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Callahan, P.","contributorId":22889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callahan","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Gim, Y.","contributorId":14934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gim","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Hamilton, G.A.","contributorId":88963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Kelleher, K.D.","contributorId":67739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelleher","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Roth, L.","contributorId":70978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Stiles, B.","contributorId":59547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stiles","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Le, Gall A.","contributorId":36764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Le","given":"Gall","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}}
,{"id":70032335,"text":"70032335 - 2009 - Simulated dynamics of carbon stocks driven by changes in land use, management and climate in a tropical moist ecosystem of Ghana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T11:25:35","indexId":"70032335","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":682,"text":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulated dynamics of carbon stocks driven by changes in land use, management and climate in a tropical moist ecosystem of Ghana","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sub-Saharan Africa is large and diverse with regions of food insecurity and high vulnerability to climate change. This project quantifies carbon stocks and fluxes in the humid forest zone of Ghana, as a part of an assessment in West Africa. The General Ensemble biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS) was used to simulate the responses of natural and managed systems to projected scenarios of changes in climate, land use and cover, and nitrogen fertilization in the Assin district of Ghana. Model inputs included historical land use and cover data, historical climate records and projected climate changes, and national management inventories. Our results show that deforestation for crop production led to a loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) by 33% from 1900 to 2000. The results also show that the trend of carbon emissions from cropland in the 20th century will continue through the 21st century and will be increased under the projected warming and drying scenarios. Nitrogen (N) fertilization in agricultural systems could offset SOC loss by 6% with 30&nbsp;kg&nbsp;N&nbsp;ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;year</span><sup>−1</sup><span> and by 11% with 60&nbsp;kg&nbsp;N&nbsp;ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;year</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. To increase N fertilizer input would be one of the vital adaptive measures to ensure food security and maintain agricultural sustainability through the 21st century.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.004","issn":"01678","usgsCitation":"Tan, Z., Liu, S., Tieszen, L., and Tachie-Obeng, E., 2009, Simulated dynamics of carbon stocks driven by changes in land use, management and climate in a tropical moist ecosystem of Ghana: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v. 130, no. 3-4, p. 171-176, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.004.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215016,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.004"}],"volume":"130","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f8ce4b08c986b318fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tan, Z.","contributorId":60831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tieszen, L.L.","contributorId":24046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tachie-Obeng, E.","contributorId":82550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tachie-Obeng","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032487,"text":"70032487 - 2009 - Phenologically-tuned MODIS NDVI-based production anomaly estimates for Zimbabwe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T15:06:34","indexId":"70032487","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phenologically-tuned MODIS NDVI-based production anomaly estimates for Zimbabwe","docAbstract":"For thirty years, simple crop water balance models have been used by the early warning community to monitor agricultural drought. These models estimate and accumulate actual crop evapotranspiration, evaluating environmental conditions based on crop water requirements. Unlike seasonal rainfall totals, these models take into account the phenology of the crop, emphasizing conditions during the peak grain filling phase of crop growth. In this paper we describe an analogous metric of crop performance based on time series of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) imagery. A special temporal filter is used to screen for cloud contamination. Regional NDVI time series are then composited for cultivated areas, and adjusted temporally according to the timing of the rainy season. This adjustment standardizes the NDVI response vis-??-vis the expected phenological response of maize. A national time series index is then created by taking the cropped-area weighted average of the regional series. This national time series provides an effective summary of vegetation response in agricultural areas, and allows for the identification of NDVI green-up during grain filling. Onset-adjusted NDVI values following the grain filling period are well correlated with U.S. Department of Agriculture production figures, possess desirable linear characteristics, and perform better than more common indices such as maximum seasonal NDVI or seasonally averaged NDVI. Thus, just as appropriately calibrated crop water balance models can provide more information than seasonal rainfall totals, the appropriate agro-phenological filtering of NDVI can improve the utility and accuracy of space-based agricultural monitoring.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2008.08.015","issn":"00344","usgsCitation":"Funk, C., and Budde, M.E., 2009, Phenologically-tuned MODIS NDVI-based production anomaly estimates for Zimbabwe: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 1, p. 115-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.08.015.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213850,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.08.015"}],"volume":"113","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7889e4b0c8380cd7870d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, Chris 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":167070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Chris","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budde, Michael E. 0000-0002-9098-2751 mbudde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-2751","contributorId":3007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budde","given":"Michael","email":"mbudde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70197095,"text":"70197095 - 2009 - Stochastic variation in avian survival rates: Life-history predictions, population consequences, and the potential responses to human perturbations and climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-16T20:54:13","indexId":"70197095","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Stochastic variation in avian survival rates: Life-history predictions, population consequences, and the potential responses to human perturbations and climate change","docAbstract":"<p>Stochastic variation in survival rates is expected to decrease long-term population growth rates. This expectation influences both life-history theory and the conservation of species. From this expectation, Pfister (<span class=\"CitationRef\">1998</span>) developed the important life-history prediction that natural selection will have minimized variability in those elements of the annual life cycle (such as adult survival rate) with high sensitivity. This prediction has not been rigorously evaluated for bird populations, in part due to statistical difficulties related to variance estimation. I here overcome these difficulties, and in an analysis of 62 populations, I confirm her prediction by showing a negative relationship between the proportional sensitivity (elasticity) of adult survival and the proportional variance (CV) of adult survival. However, several species deviated significantly from this expectation, with more process variance in survival than predicted. For instance, projecting the magnitude of process variance in annual survival for American redstarts (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Setophaga ruticilla</i>) for 25 years resulted in a 44% decline in abundance without assuming any change in mean survival rate. For most of these species with high process variance, recent changes in harvest, habitats, or changes in climate patterns are the likely sources of environmental variability causing this variability in survival. Because of climate change, environmental variability is increasing on regional and global scales, which is expected to increase stochasticity in vital rates of species. Increased stochasticity in survival will depress population growth rates, and this result will magnify the conservation challenges we face.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Modeling demographic processes in marked populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_19","isbn":"978-0-387-78150-1","usgsCitation":"Schmutz, J.A., 2009, Stochastic variation in avian survival rates: Life-history predictions, population consequences, and the potential responses to human perturbations and climate change, chap. <i>of</i> Modeling demographic processes in marked populations, v. 3, p. 441-461, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_19.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"441","endPage":"461","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afefaa4e4b0da30c1bfca42","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thomson, David L.","contributorId":114050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735572,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooch, Evan G.","contributorId":100673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735573,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conroy, Michael J.","contributorId":20871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conroy","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13266,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735574,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70176166,"text":"70176166 - 2009 - Responses of benthic macroinvertebrates to urbanization in nine metropolitan areas of the conterminous United States","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70176166,"text":"70176166 - 2009 - Responses of benthic macroinvertebrates to urbanization in nine metropolitan areas of the conterminous United States","indexId":"70176166","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Responses of benthic macroinvertebrates to urbanization in nine metropolitan areas of the conterminous United States"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":97928,"text":"sir20095049 - 2009 - Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","indexId":"sir20095049","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":97928,"text":"sir20095049 - 2009 - Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","indexId":"sir20095049","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-30T15:49:46","indexId":"70176166","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Responses of benthic macroinvertebrates to urbanization in nine metropolitan areas of the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"<p>The effects of urbanization on benthic macroinvertebrates were investigated in nine metropolitan areas (Boston, MA; Raleigh, NC; Atlanta, GA; Birmingham, AL; Milwaukee&ndash;Green Bay, WI; Denver, CO; Dallas&ndash;Fort Worth, TX; Salt Lake City, UT; and Portland, OR) as a part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program. Several invertebrate metrics showed strong, linear responses to urbanization when forest or shrublands were developed. Responses were difficult to discern in areas where urbanization was occurring on agricultural lands because invertebrate assemblages were already severely degraded. There was no evidence that assemblages showed any initial resistance to urbanization. Ordination scores, EPT taxa richness, and the average tolerance of organisms were the best indicators of changes in assemblage condition at a site. Richness metrics were better indicators than abundance metrics, and qualitative samples were as good as quantitative samples. A common set of landscape variables (population density, housing density, developed landcover, impervious surface, and roads) were strongly correlated with urbanization and invertebrate responses in all non-agricultural areas. The instream environmental variables (hydrology, water chemistry, habitat, and temperature) that were strongly correlated with urbanization and invertebrate responses were influenced by environmental setting (e.g., dominant ecoregion) and varied widely among metropolitan areas. Multilevel hierarchical regression&nbsp;models were developed that predicted invertebrate responses using only two landcover variables&mdash;basinscale landcover (percentage of basin area in developed land) and regional-scale landcover (antecedent agricultural land).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation (SIR 2009-5049)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Third interagency conference on research in the watersheds","conferenceDate":"September 8-11, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Cuffney, T., McMahon, G., Kashuba, R., May, J., and Waite, I., 2009, Responses of benthic macroinvertebrates to urbanization in nine metropolitan areas of the conterminous United States, <i>in</i> Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation (SIR 2009-5049), Estes Park, CO, September 8-11, 2008, p. 187-194.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"194","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":328073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328072,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5049/pdf/Cuffney.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6b108e4b0f2f0cebe676b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cuffney, T. F.","contributorId":108134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuffney","given":"T. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McMahon, G.","contributorId":87263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kashuba, R.","contributorId":104726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kashuba","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"May, J. T. 0000-0002-5699-2112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":72505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"J. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waite, I.R.","contributorId":41039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"I.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70179749,"text":"70179749 - 2009 - High-frequency in situ optical measurements during a storm event: Assessing relationships between dissolved organic matter, sediment concentrations, and hydrologic processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T16:40:38","indexId":"70179749","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2308,"text":"Journal of Geological Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-frequency in situ optical measurements during a storm event: Assessing relationships between dissolved organic matter, sediment concentrations, and hydrologic processes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Dissolved organic matter (DOM) dynamics during storm events has received considerable attention in forested watersheds, but the extent to which storms impart rapid changes in DOM concentration and composition in highly disturbed agricultural watersheds remains poorly understood. In this study, we used identical in situ optical sensors for DOM fluorescence (FDOM) with and without filtration to continuously evaluate surface water DOM dynamics in a 415 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>agricultural watershed over a 4 week period containing a short-duration rainfall event. Peak turbidity preceded peak discharge by 4 h and increased by over 2 orders of magnitude, while the peak filtered FDOM lagged behind peak turbidity by 15 h. FDOM values reported using the filtered in situ fluorometer increased nearly fourfold and were highly correlated with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations (r</span><sup>2</sup><span> = 0.97), providing a highly resolved proxy for DOC throughout the study period. Discrete optical properties including specific UV absorbance (SUVA</span><sub>254</sub><span>), spectral slope (S</span><sub>290–350</sub><span>), and fluorescence index (FI) were also strongly correlated with in situ FDOM and indicate a shift toward aromatic, high molecular weight DOM from terrestrially derived sources during the storm. The lag of the peak in FDOM behind peak discharge presumably reflects the draining of watershed soils from natural and agricultural landscapes. Field and experimental evidence showed that unfiltered FDOM measurements underestimated filtered FDOM concentrations by up to ∼60% at particle concentrations typical of many riverine systems during hydrologic events. Together, laboratory and in situ data provide insights into the timing and magnitude of changes in DOM quantity and quality during storm events in an agricultural watershed, and indicate the need for sample filtration in systems with moderate to high suspended sediment loads.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2009JG000989","usgsCitation":"Saraceno, J.F., Pellerin, B.A., Downing, B.D., Boss, E., Bachand, P., and Bergamaschi, B., 2009, High-frequency in situ optical measurements during a storm event: Assessing relationships between dissolved organic matter, sediment concentrations, and hydrologic processes: Journal of Geological Research, v. 114, no. G4, Article G00F09; 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JG000989.","productDescription":"Article G00F09; 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-012904","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jg000989","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":333240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"G4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"587f3db9e4b0d96de256455d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saraceno, John Franco 0000-0003-0064-1820 saraceno@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0064-1820","contributorId":2328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saraceno","given":"John","email":"saraceno@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Franco","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A. bpeller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian","email":"bpeller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Downing, Bryan D. 0000-0002-2007-5304 bdowning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":1449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"Bryan","email":"bdowning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boss, Emmanuel","contributorId":10143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boss","given":"Emmanuel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bachand, Philip A. M.","contributorId":139733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bachand","given":"Philip A. M.","affiliations":[{"id":12895,"text":"Bachand & Associates, Davis, CA, 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":658527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":1448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70180165,"text":"70180165 - 2009 - Surface temperatures of the Mid-Pliocene North Atlantic Ocean: Implications for future climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T10:32:27","indexId":"70180165","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3047,"text":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface temperatures of the Mid-Pliocene North Atlantic Ocean: Implications for future climate","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Mid-Pliocene is the most recent interval in the Earth's history to have experienced warming of the magnitude predicted for the second half of the twenty-first century and is, therefore, a possible analogue for future climate conditions. With continents basically in their current positions and atmospheric CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> similar to early twenty-first century values, the cause of Mid-Pliocene warmth remains elusive. Understanding the behaviour of the North Atlantic Ocean during the Mid-Pliocene is integral to evaluating future climate scenarios owing to its role in deep water formation and its sensitivity to climate change. Under the framework of the Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) sea surface reconstruction, we synthesize Mid-Pliocene North Atlantic studies by PRISM members and others, describing each region of the North Atlantic in terms of palaeoceanography. We then relate Mid-Pliocene sea surface conditions to expectations of future warming. The results of the data and climate model comparisons suggest that the North Atlantic is more sensitive to climate change than is suggested by climate model simulations, raising the concern that estimates of future climate change are conservative.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2008.0213","usgsCitation":"Dowsett, H.J., Chandler, M.A., and Robinson, M.M., 2009, Surface temperatures of the Mid-Pliocene North Atlantic Ocean: Implications for future climate: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, v. 367, no. 1886, p. 69-84, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2008.0213.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"84","ipdsId":"IP-008019","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333886,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"367","issue":"1886","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5889c79be4b0ba3b075e05e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dowsett, Harry J. 0000-0003-1983-7524 hdowsett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry","email":"hdowsett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":660583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chandler, Mark A.","contributorId":101768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, Marci M. 0000-0002-9200-4097 mmrobinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-4097","contributorId":2082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Marci","email":"mmrobinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":660584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70179501,"text":"70179501 - 2009 - Monitoring benthic aIgal communides: A comparison of targeted and coefficient sampling methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T09:43:05","indexId":"70179501","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5251,"text":"Algae","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring benthic aIgal communides: A comparison of targeted and coefficient sampling methods","docAbstract":"<p><span>Choosing an appropriate sample unit is a fundamental decision in the design of ecological studies. While numerous methods have been developed to estimate organism abundance, they differ in cost, accuracy and precision.Using both field data and computer simulation modeling, we evaluated the costs and benefits associated with two methods commonly used to sample benthic organisms in temperate kelp forests. One of these methods, the Targeted Sampling method, relies on different sample units, each \"targeted\" for a specific species or group of species while the other method relies on coefficients that represent ranges of bottom cover obtained from visual esti-mates within standardized sample units. Both the field data and the computer simulations suggest that both methods yield remarkably similar estimates of organism abundance and among-site variability, although the Coefficient method slightly underestimates variability among sample units when abundances are low. In contrast, the two methods differ considerably in the effort needed to sample these communities; the Targeted Sampling requires more time and twice the personnel to complete. We conclude that the Coefficent Sampling method may be better for environmental monitoring programs where changes in mean abundance are of central concern and resources are limiting, but that the Targeted sampling methods may be better for ecological studies where quantitative relationships among species and small-scale variability in abundance are of central concern.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Korean Society of Phycology","doi":"10.4490/ALGAE.2009.24.2.111","usgsCitation":"Edwards, M., and Tinker, M.T., 2009, Monitoring benthic aIgal communides: A comparison of targeted and coefficient sampling methods: Algae, v. 24, no. 2, p. 111-120, https://doi.org/10.4490/ALGAE.2009.24.2.111.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"120","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2009.24.2.111","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332807,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586e182ce4b0f5ce109fcb03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Matthew S.","contributorId":53293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Matthew S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tinker, M. Tim 0000-0002-3314-839X ttinker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":2796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"ttinker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tim","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70174154,"text":"70174154 - 2009 - Movement and habitat use of sika and white-tailed deer on Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-01T21:48:14.400798","indexId":"70174154","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NER/NRTR—2009/140","title":"Movement and habitat use of sika and white-tailed deer on Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland","docAbstract":"<p>This research project was conducted to describe habitat use of sika deer (<i>Cervus nippon</i>) and white-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) and possibly attribute the effects of ungulate herbivory to specific deer species, if spatial separation in habitat use could be identified. Sturm (2007) conducted an exclosure study to document the effect of feral horse (<i>Equus caballus</i>) herbivory, deer herbivory, and horse and deer herbivory combined on plant communities. Sturm (2007) found that ungulate herbivory reduced plant species richness, evenness, and diversity in the maritime forest and affected species composition in all habitats studied. Sturm (2007) also found that herbivory on some species could be directly attributable to either horse or deer. However, the effects of sika and white-tailed deer herbivory could not be separated via an exclosure study design because of the difficulty of passively excluding one deer species but not the other. </p><p>We captured white-tailed deer and sika deer in January–March of 2006 and 2007 throughout the Maryland portion of Assateague Island. Deer were fitted with radio-collars and their survival and locations monitored via ground telemetry. Up to four locations were acquired per deer each week during early (May–June) and late (August–September) growth periods for vegetation on the island. Also, we estimated deer locations during a dormant vegetation period (November– December 2006). We used these data to estimate survival and harvest rates, document movements, and model habitat use. </p><p>We captured and fitted 50 deer with radio-collars over the course of the study. Of these 50 deer, 36 were sika and 14 were white-tailed deer. Of the 36 sika deer, 10 were harvested, three were likely killed by hunters but not recovered, and one died of natural causes while giving birth. Of the 14 white-tailed deer, three were harvested, one was illegally killed, and two were censored because of study-related mortality. </p><p>Annual survival was 0.48 (95% CI = 0.16–0.82) for male white-tailed deer, 0.74 (95% CI = 0.44–0.91) for female white-tailed deer, 0.56 (95% CI = 0.35–0.75) for male sika deer, and 0.86 (95% CI = 0.70–0.94) for female sika deer. The harvest rate was 0.12 (95% CI = 0.04–0.27) for female sika deer, 0.44 (95% CI = 0.25–0.65) for male sika deer, 0.18 (95% CI = 0.05–0.51) for female white-tailed deer, and 0.38 (95% CI = 0.10–0.78) for male white-tailed deer. Annual survival rates for both species were similar to what has been observed in other populations. Unfortunately, small sample sizes for male white-tailed deer limited inferences about harvest and survival rates, but harvest rates of females for both species were similar to other published studies. Hunting was the primary cause of mortality, and outside the hunting season survival was 0.98–1.00 for all species and sexes. </p><p>We found that the home range area of sika deer was much greater than the home range area of white-tailed deer, but failed to detect any difference between sexes or among seasons. Sika deer also made long-distance movements and left the Maryland portion of Assateague Island. No sika&nbsp;deer left Assateague island during our study, but we did document the dispersal of a male whitetailed deer to the mainland. In their native range, sika deer have been able to readily expand populations and occupy vacant habitat (Kaji et al. 2000; Kaji et al. 2004). The long distance movements we observed on Assateague Island, especially relative to white-tailed deer, may reflect the ability of this species to exploit food resources that may be limited in quality or&nbsp;quantity, or both. However, we did not collect data to assess use of food resources by sika deer and whether this may have influenced long distance movements. </p><p>We found both species of deer were less likely to use a habitat the further it was located from cover, which was defined as tall shrub or forest vegetation. For every 10 m (32 ft) from cover each species of deer was 1.23–1.38 times less likely to use any given habitat. </p><p>Patterns in use of vegetation classes were similar across species and seasons. Relative to forest habitat, both species avoided dune herbaceous, disturbed lands, sand, and water categories. Both species neither avoided nor preferred developed herbaceous, low shrub, marsh herbaceous, and tall shrub categories compared to the forest category. However, there were consistent differences between the two species. During spring, white-tailed deer were more likely than sika deer to use forested, tall shrub, disturbed herbaceous, and sand areas, but were less likely to use all other habitats. During summer, habitat use was similar between the two species except that white-tailed deer tended to use forested habitat more. During winter, white-tailed deer were less likely to use dune herbaceous, low shrub, and forested habitats than sika deer. </p><p>Sturm (2007) identified differential browsing on plant species between horses and deer, but his experimental design did not permit detection of differential browsing between sika and whitetailed deer. Our study of habitat use did not provide information to identify plant species that may be differentially consumed by sika and white-tailed deer based on differences in habitat use. We envision two approaches to addressing the effects of deer browsing. One approach would be further research that identifies the food habits of both deer species at the plant species level. This would be similar to food habits research conducted by Keiper (1985) and others or could involve direct observation of food consumption by both species. However, both fecal analysis and direct observation would be time-consuming and not guaranteed to identify differences.&nbsp;</p><p>If the goal of ungulate population management is to protect the island ecosystem, another approach involving manipulation of deer abundance and monitoring the response of plant species known to be preferentially consumed by deer would be a more direct method of assessing effects of deer herbivory (Sturm 2007). Moreover, such an approach is not predicated on detecting differences between deer species. Direct manipulation of deer abundance could be incorporated into an adaptive management program (Williams et al. 2007) and may provide greater benefits to the management of ASIS in the long term. Harvest management decisions for white-tailed deer and sika deer are made on an ongoing basis and by coupling these decisions with a vegetative monitoring program it may be possible to reduce or minimize adverse effects of ungulate herbivory. Furthermore, management of feral horses could be incorporated into the decision process.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","usgsCitation":"Diefenbach, D.R., and Christensen, S., 2009, Movement and habitat use of sika and white-tailed deer on Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland: Technical Report NPS/NER/NRTR—2009/140, xi, 110 p.","productDescription":"xi, 110 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-015092","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325402,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":384829,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://usgs-cru-individual-data.s3.amazonaws.com/drd11/tech_publications/ASIS_Deer_Rpt_NPS_NER_NRTR_2009_140reduced-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Assateague Island National Seashore","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.22407531738281,\n              38.03078569382294\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.17051696777344,\n              38.1399572748485\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.11352539062499,\n              38.278078995562105\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.091552734375,\n              38.32549778247211\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.09979248046875,\n              38.32711378564577\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.14923095703125,\n              38.236022799686694\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.179443359375,\n              38.18152925835456\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.21583557128906,\n              38.09998264736481\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.23025512695311,\n              38.08701320402273\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.25154113769531,\n              38.069176461951876\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.25703430175781,\n              38.038357297980816\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.31539916992188,\n              37.970725990064786\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.32089233398438,\n              37.9447389942697\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.32638549804688,\n              37.93282521519654\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.34492492675781,\n              37.92090950501414\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.38063049316406,\n              37.91332577499166\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.38406372070312,\n              37.89219554724437\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.40260314941406,\n              37.866722853218626\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.38749694824219,\n              37.84232584933158\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.322265625,\n              37.908991863924946\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.2460479736328,\n              38.01564013749379\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.22407531738281,\n              38.03078569382294\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publicComments":"Technical Report:  NPS/NER/NRTR—2009/140","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578dfdb4e4b0f1bea0e0f8a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147 drd11@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":5235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane","email":"drd11@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, Sonja","contributorId":171608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Sonja","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16900,"text":"Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70175414,"text":"70175414 - 2009 - SToRM:  A numerical model for environmental surface flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T14:18:52","indexId":"70175414","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"SToRM:  A numerical model for environmental surface flows","docAbstract":"<p>SToRM (System for Transport and River Modeling) is a numerical model developed to simulate free surface flows in complex environmental domains. It is based on the depth-averaged St. Venant equations, which are discretized using unstructured upwind finite volume methods, and contains both steady and unsteady solution techniques. This article provides a brief description of the numerical approach selected to discretize the governing equations in space and time, including important aspects of solving natural environmental flows, such as the wetting and drying algorithm. The presentation is illustrated with several application examples, covering both laboratory and natural river flow cases, which show the model’s ability to solve complex flow phenomena. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"33rd IAHR Congress: Water Engineering for a Sustainable Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"conferenceTitle":"33rd IAHR Congress: Water Engineering for a Sustainable Environment","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydraulic Engineering & Research (IAHR)","isbn":"978-94-90365-01-1","usgsCitation":"Simoes, F.J., 2009, SToRM:  A numerical model for environmental surface flows, <i>in</i> 33rd IAHR Congress: Water Engineering for a Sustainable Environment, p. 1412-1419.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1412","endPage":"1419","ipdsId":"IP-013802","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328135,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7ffbee4b0f2f0cebfc330","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simoes, Francisco J. 0000-0002-0934-9730 frsimoes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-9730","contributorId":2019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simoes","given":"Francisco","email":"frsimoes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70179330,"text":"70179330 - 2009 - Using GIS/remote sensing models to quantify and monitor Southwestern Willow Flycatcher breeding habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-28T17:13:25","indexId":"70179330","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Using GIS/remote sensing models to quantify and monitor Southwestern Willow Flycatcher breeding habitat","docAbstract":"<p>n/a</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the second all-USGS modeling conference: Painting the big picture","conferenceTitle":"Second All-USGS Modeling Conference","conferenceDate":" February 11-14, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Orange Beach, Ala.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Hatten, J.R., 2009, Using GIS/remote sensing models to quantify and monitor Southwestern Willow Flycatcher breeding habitat, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the second all-USGS modeling conference: Painting the big picture, Orange Beach, Ala.,  February 11-14, 2008, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332607,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5013/sir2009-5013.pdf"},{"id":332608,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5864dd56e4b0cd2dabe7c1eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatten, James R. 0000-0003-4676-8093 jhatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-8093","contributorId":3431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatten","given":"James","email":"jhatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70179312,"text":"70179312 - 2009 - Adult chinook salmon passage at Little Goose Dam in relation to spill operations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-28T11:50:55","indexId":"70179312","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"2009-6 ","title":"Adult chinook salmon passage at Little Goose Dam in relation to spill operations","docAbstract":"<p>Spill patterns at Little Goose Dam in 2007 were modified in anticipation of a spillway weir installation intended to improve downstream passage of juvenile salmonids. However, in spill pattern was associated with reduced daily counts of adult salmon passing the dam. Consequently, the behaviors and upstream passage times of radio-tagged adult spring–summer Chinook salmon were evaluated in response to three spillway discharge patterns at Little Goose Dam during 2008. Simultaneously, tailrace conditions were characterized by monitoring the downstream paths of GPS-equipped drogues. Two of the spill treatments (i.e., Bulk and Alternate) were variations of patterns thought to mimic those produced if a spillway weir was installed. The third treatment (Uniform) was characterized by spilling similar volumes of water through most spillbays. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Army Corps of Engineers ","usgsCitation":"Jepson, M., Caudill, C., Clabough, T., Peery, C., Beeman, J., and Fielding, S., 2009, Adult chinook salmon passage at Little Goose Dam in relation to spill operations, iv., 46 p. .","productDescription":"iv., 46 p. 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,{"id":70175486,"text":"70175486 - 2009 - Linking habitat quality with trophic performance of steelhead along forest gradients in the South Fork Trinity River Watershed, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-15T09:52:14","indexId":"70175486","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking habitat quality with trophic performance of steelhead along forest gradients in the South Fork Trinity River Watershed, California","docAbstract":"<p>We examined invertebrate prey, fish diet, and energy assimilation in relation to habitat variation for steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (anadromous rainbow trout) and rainbow trout in nine low-order tributaries of the South Fork Trinity River, northern California. These streams spanned a range of environmental conditions, which allowed us to use bioenergetics modeling to determine the relative effects of forest cover, stream temperature, season, and fish age on food consumption and growth efficiency. Evidence of seasonal shifts in reliance on aquatic versus terrestrial food sources was detected among forest cover categories and fish ages, although these categories were not robust indicators of O. mykiss condition and growth efficiency. Consumption estimates were generally less than 20% of maximum consumption, and fish lost weight in some streams during summer low-flow conditions when stream temperatures exceeded 15&deg;C. Current 100-year climate change projections for California threaten to exacerbate negative growth patterns and may undermine the productivity of this steelhead population, which is currently not listed as endangered or threatened. To demonstrate the potential effect of global warming on fish growth, we ran three climate change scenarios in two representative streams. Simulated temperature increases ranging from 1.4&deg;C to 5.5&deg;C during the summer and from 1.5&deg;C to 2.9C during the winter amplified the weight loss; estimated average growth for age-1 fish was 0.4&ndash;4.5 times lower than normal (low to high estimated temperature increase) in the warm stream and 0.05&ndash;0.8 times lower in the cool stream. We conclude that feeding rate and temperature during the summer currently limit the growth and productivity of steelhead and rainbow trout in low-order streams in the South Fork Trinity River basin and predict that climate change will have detrimental effects on steelhead growth as well as on macroinvertebrate communities and stream ecosystems in general.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/T08-053.1","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, S.G., Duda, J.J., Emlen, J.M., Hodgson, G.R., and Beauchamp, D.A., 2009, Linking habitat quality with trophic performance of steelhead along forest gradients in the South Fork Trinity River Watershed, California: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 138, no. 3, p. 506-521, https://doi.org/10.1577/T08-053.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"506","endPage":"521","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326478,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"138","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b2e7bee4b03bcb0102e90a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, Sarah G.","contributorId":173686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCarthy","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J. 0000-0001-7431-8634 jduda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":145486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jduda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":645436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Emlen, John M.","contributorId":168812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emlen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":645437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hodgson, Garth R.","contributorId":150568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hodgson","given":"Garth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beauchamp, David A. 0000-0002-3592-8381 fadave@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-8381","contributorId":4205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"David","email":"fadave@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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