Questions about the ecological drivers of, and mechanistic constraints on, productivity have driven research on life-history evolution for decades. Resource availability and offspring mortality are considered among the 2 most important influences on the number of offspring per reproductive attempt. We used a factorial experimental design to manipulate food abundance and perceived offspring predation risk in a wild avian population (red-faced warblers; Cardellina rubrifrons) to identify the mechanistic cause of variation in avian clutch size. Additionally, we tested whether female quality helped explain the extant variation in clutch size. We found no support for the Food Limitation or Female Quality Hypotheses, but we did find support for both predictions of the Nest Predation Risk Hypothesis. Females that experienced an experimentally heightened perception of offspring predation risk responded by laying a smaller clutch than females in the control group. Additionally, predation rates at artificial nests were highest where red-faced warbler clutch size was smallest (at high elevations). Life-history theory predicts that an individual should invest less in reproduction when high nest predation risk reduces the likely benefit from that nesting attempt and, indeed, we found that birds exhibit phenotypic plasticity in clutch size by laying fewer eggs in response to increasing nest predation risk.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/beheco/arx130","collaboration":"n","usgsCitation":"Dillon, K.G., and Conway, C.J., 2018, Nest predation risk explains variation in avian clutch size: Behavioral Ecology, v. 29, no. 2, p. 301-311, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arx130.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"311","ipdsId":"IP-071726","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353864,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6fee4b0da30c1bfc032","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dillon, Kristen G.","contributorId":195744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dillon","given":"Kristen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194909,"text":"ofr20181011 - 2018 - Hydrogeologic applications for historical records and images from rock samples collected at the Nevada National Security Site and vicinity, Nye County, Nevada - A supplement to Data Series 297","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-06T14:14:30","indexId":"ofr20181011","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1011","title":"Hydrogeologic applications for historical records and images from rock samples collected at the Nevada National Security Site and vicinity, Nye County, Nevada - A supplement to Data Series 297","docAbstract":"Rock samples have been collected, analyzed, and interpreted from drilling and mining operations at the Nevada National Security Site for over one-half of a century. Records containing geologic and hydrologic analyses and interpretations have been compiled into a series of databases. Rock samples have been photographed and thin sections scanned. Records and images are preserved and available for public viewing and downloading at the U.S. Geological Survey ScienceBase, Mercury Core Library and Data Center Web site at https://www.sciencebase.gov/mercury/ and documented in U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 297. Example applications of these data and images are provided in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181011","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Site Office, Office of Environmental Management under Interagency Agreement DE-AI52-12NA30865/DE-NA0001654","usgsCitation":"Wood, D.B., 2018, Hydrogeologic applications for historical records and images from rock samples collected at the Nevada National Security Site and vicinity, Nye County, Nevada—A supplement to Data Series 297: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1011, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181011.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 13 p.; 2 Figures","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-092236","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352503,"rank":5,"type":{"id":13,"text":"Illustration"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1011/ofr20181011_figure04.pdf","text":"Figure 4","size":"415 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1011 Figure 4"},{"id":352500,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ds297","text":"Data Series 297","description":"Data Series 297"},{"id":352502,"rank":4,"type":{"id":13,"text":"Illustration"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1011/ofr20181011_figure03.pdf","text":"Figure 3","size":"5.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1011 Figure 3"},{"id":352496,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1011/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":352497,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1011/ofr20181011.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1011"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Nevada National Security Site","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.75,36.5 ], [ -116.75,37.5 ], [ -115.75,37.5 ], [ -115.75,36.5 ], [ -116.75,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Director, Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Rd.
Carson City, Nevada 89701
Molecular studies have revealed that social groups composed mainly of nonrelatives may be widespread in group-living vertebrates, but the benefits favoring such sociality are not well understood. In the Old World, birds often form conspecific foraging groups that are maintained year-round and offspring usually disperse to other social groups. We tested the hypothesis that nonbreeding group members are largely unrelated and gain direct fitness benefits through breeding opportunities (males) and brood parasitism (females) in the tropical gray-throated babbler, Stachyris nigriceps, in Malaysian Borneo. Babblers foraged in social groups containing one or more breeding pairs (median = 8 group members of equal sex ratio), but group members rarely assisted with breeding (9% of 67 breeding pairs had a third helper; exhibiting facultative cooperative breeding). Although 20% of 266 group member dyads were first-order relatives of one or both members of the breeding pairs, 80% were unrelated. Male group members gained direct fitness benefits through extrapair and extra-group paternity (25% of 73 offspring), which was independent of their relatedness to the breeding pair and increased with decreasing group size. In contrast, females did not gain direct fitness benefits through brood parasitism. The low levels of relatedness and helping in social groups suggest that most group members do not gain indirect fitness benefits by helping to raise unrelated offspring. These findings highlight the importance of examining benefits of sociality for unrelated individuals that largely do not help and broaden the direct fitness benefits of group foraging beyond assumed survival benefits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/beheco/arx196","usgsCitation":"Kaiser, S.A., Martin, T.E., Oteyza, J.C., Armstad, C.E., and Fleischer, R.C., 2018, Direct fitness benefits and kinship of social foraging groups in an Old World tropical babbler: Behavioral Ecology, v. 29, no. 2, p. 468-478, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arx196.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"468","endPage":"478","ipdsId":"IP-081140","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arx196","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352726,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6fee4b0da30c1bfc036","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaiser, Sara A.","contributorId":203454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaiser","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Thomas E. 0000-0002-4028-4867 tmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-4867","contributorId":1208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Thomas","email":"tmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oteyza, Juan C.","contributorId":166761,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oteyza","given":"Juan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Armstad, Connor E.","contributorId":201088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Armstad","given":"Connor","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fleischer, Robert C.","contributorId":105421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7035,"text":"Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70196250,"text":"70196250 - 2018 - Restricted access Giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, increases faunal diversity through physical engineering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-28T13:04:41","indexId":"70196250","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3173,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Restricted access Giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, increases faunal diversity through physical engineering","title":"Restricted access Giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, increases faunal diversity through physical engineering","docAbstract":"Foundation species define the ecosystems they live in, but ecologists have often characterized dominant plants as foundational without supporting evidence. Giant kelp has long been considered a marine foundation species due to its complex structure and high productivity; however, there is little quantitative evidence to evaluate this. Here, we apply structural equation modelling to a 15-year time series of reef community data to evaluate how giant kelp affects the reef community. Although species richness was positively associated with giant kelp biomass, most direct paths did not involve giant kelp. Instead, the foundational qualities of giant kelp were driven mostly by indirect effects attributed to its dominant physical structure and associated engineering influence on the ecosystem, rather than by its use as food by invertebrates and fishes. Giant kelp structure has indirect effects because it shades out understorey algae that compete with sessile invertebrates. When released from competition, sessile species in turn increase the diversity of mobile predators. Sea urchin grazing effects could have been misinterpreted as kelp effects, because sea urchins can overgraze giant kelp, understorey algae and sessile invertebrates alike. Our results confirm the high diversity and biomass associated with kelp forests, but highlight how species interactions and habitat attributes can be misconstrued as direct consequences of a foundation species like giant kelp.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2017.2571","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.J., Lafferty, K.D., Lamy, T., Kui, L., Rassweiler, A., and Reed, D.C., 2018, Restricted access Giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, increases faunal diversity through physical engineering: Proceedings of the Royal Society B, v. 285, no. 1874, Article 20172571, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2571.","productDescription":"Article 20172571","ipdsId":"IP-087899","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2571","text":"External Repository"},{"id":352838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"285","issue":"1874","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6fee4b0da30c1bfc034","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Robert J.","contributorId":176277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lamy, Thomas","contributorId":203605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lamy","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36524,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kui, Li","contributorId":194515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kui","given":"Li","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rassweiler, Andrew 0000-0002-8760-3888","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8760-3888","contributorId":203606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rassweiler","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7092,"text":"Florida State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reed, Daniel C.","contributorId":203607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reed","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36524,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70219461,"text":"70219461 - 2018 - Investigating the origin of continual radio frequency impulses during explosive volcanic eruptions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-08T12:40:38.686277","indexId":"70219461","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-13T07:38:11","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8111,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigating the origin of continual radio frequency impulses during explosive volcanic eruptions","docAbstract":"Volcanic lightning studies have revealed that there is a relatively long‐lasting source of very high frequency radiation associated with the onset of explosive volcanic eruptions that is distinct from radiation produced by lightning. This very high frequency signal is referred to as “continual radio frequency (CRF)” due to its long‐lasting nature. The discharge mechanism producing this signal was previously hypothesized to be caused by numerous, small (10–100 m) leader‐forming discharges near the vent of the volcano. To test this hypothesis, a multiparametric data set of electrical and volcanic activity occurring during explosive eruptions of Sakurajima Volcano in Japan was collected from May to June 2015. Our observations show that a single CRF impulse has a duration on the order of 160 ns (giving an upper limit on discharge length of 10 m) and is distinct from near‐vent lightning discharges that were on the order of 30 m in length. CRF impulses did not produce discernible electric field changes and occurred in the absence of a net static electric field. Lightning mapping data and infrared video observations of the eruption column showed that CRF impulses originated from the gas thrust region of the column. These observations indicate that CRF impulses are not produced by small, leader‐forming discharges but rather are more similar to a streamer discharge, likely on the order of a few meters in length.
Knowing how naïve migrants respond to intrinsic and extrinsic factors experienced en route will allow a more thorough understanding of the endogenous migratory programme. To understand how inexperienced individuals respond to ecological features, we tracked the migratory departures of juvenile ruby-throated hummingbirds, Archilochus colubris, one of the smallest (∼ 3 g) and least-studied migrants, along the Gulf of Mexico during southbound migration using an international automated radiotelemetry system. The recent miniaturization of radiotags provides a novel method to track one of the smallest migratory birds, rendering the first information on departure decisions of known hummingbirds in relation to an ecological barrier. Using weather conditions and individual attributes, we also determined which factors influenced the time and direction of departure from a coastal stopover site. Most migrants (83%) departed in the morning, and daily departure time was only influenced by stopover duration, the amount of time spent at a stopover site. The majority (77%) of departure orientations paralleled the coastline, and we found little influence of any factor on departure direction. Our results reveal that (1) juvenile hummingbirds departing coastal Alabama move in a direction indicative of a circum-Gulf path during southbound migration and (2) departure decisions support a fly-and-forage strategy in which hummingbirds likely take advantage of resources along the coast while moving towards their destination.
The Old Yuma Mine is an abandoned copper, lead, zinc, silver, and gold mine located within the boundaries of Saguaro National Park, Tucson Mountain District, Arizona. This study analyzed the geochemistry of sediments associated with the Old Yuma Mine and assessed hydrologic and geochemical conditions of groundwater to evaluate the area surrounding the Old Yuma Mine. The purpose of the study was to establish the geochemical signature of material associated with the Old Yuma Mine and to compare it with background material and groundwater in the area. Few groundwater samples exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) drinking water standards. Concentrations of several elements were elevated in the waste rock and mine tailings compared with concentrations in sediments collected in background areas. A subset of 15 sediment samples was leached to simulate precipitation interacting with the solid material. Analysis of leachate samples compared to groundwater samples suggests that groundwater samples collected in this study are distinct from leachate samples associated with mining related material. Results suggest that at this time groundwater samples collected during this investigation are not influenced by elements leached from Old Yuma Mine materials.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Beisner, K.R., and Gray, F., 2018, Assessment of geochemical and hydrologic conditions near Old Yuma Mine in Saguaro National Park, Arizona, 2014–17: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5019, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185019.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 52 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-088828","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352442,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5019/sir20185019.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5019"},{"id":352441,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5019/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":352443,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5019/appendixa_sir20185019.xlsx","text":"Appendix A","size":"20 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2018-5019 Appendix","linkHelpText":" - Groundwater sample data from Old Yuma Mine study area"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":" Old Yuma Mine, Saguaro National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111,\n 32.34\n ],\n [\n -111.17,\n 32.34\n ],\n [\n -111.17,\n 32.25\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 32.25\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 32.34\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719
Providing food to wildlife during periods when natural food is limited results in aggregations that may facilitate disease transmission. This is exemplified in western Wyoming where institutional feeding over the past century has aimed to mitigate wildlife–livestock conflict and minimize winter mortality of elk (Cervus canadensis). Here we review research across 23 winter feedgrounds where the most studied disease is brucellosis, caused by the bacterium Brucella abortus. Traditional veterinary practices (vaccination, test-and-slaughter) have thus far been unable to control this disease in elk, which can spill over to cattle. Current disease-reduction efforts are being guided by ecological research on elk movement and density, reproduction, stress, co-infections and scavengers. Given the right tools, feedgrounds could provide opportunities for adaptive management of brucellosis through regular animal testing and population-level manipulations. Our analyses of several such manipulations highlight the value of a research–management partnership guided by hypothesis testing, despite the constraints of the sociopolitical environment. However, brucellosis is now spreading in unfed elk herds, while other diseases (e.g. chronic wasting disease) are of increasing concern at feedgrounds. Therefore experimental closures of feedgrounds, reduced feeding and lower elk populations merit consideration.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2017.0093","usgsCitation":"Cotterill, G., Cross, P.C., Cole, E., Fuda, R.K., Rogerson, J., Scurlock, B., and du Toit, J., 2018, Winter feeding of elk in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and its effects on disease dynamics: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 373, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0093.","productDescription":"Article 20170093; 9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","ipdsId":"IP-088094","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0093","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352440,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 42.10229818948117\n ],\n [\n -109.1766357421875,\n 42.10229818948117\n ],\n [\n -109.1766357421875,\n 43.61221676817573\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 43.61221676817573\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 42.10229818948117\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"373","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6ffe4b0da30c1bfc040","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cotterill, Gavin G.","contributorId":203301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cotterill","given":"Gavin G.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cole, Eric K. 0000-0002-2229-5853","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2229-5853","contributorId":145755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cole","given":"Eric K.","affiliations":[{"id":16228,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Elk Refuge, PO Box 510, Jackson, WY 83001 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuda, Rebecca K.","contributorId":203303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fuda","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":36596,"text":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rogerson, Jared D.","contributorId":106401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogerson","given":"Jared D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scurlock, Brandon","contributorId":145744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scurlock","given":"Brandon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16219,"text":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department, PO Box 850, Pinedale, Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"du Toit, Johan T.","contributorId":86583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"du Toit","given":"Johan T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70201611,"text":"70201611 - 2018 - Rapid growth of the US wildland-urban interface raises wildfire risk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-18T14:30:42","indexId":"70201611","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-12T14:30:52","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3164,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid growth of the US wildland-urban interface raises wildfire risk","docAbstract":"The wildland-urban interface (WUI) is the area where houses and wildland vegetation meet or intermingle, and where wildfire problems are most pronounced. Here we report that the WUI in the United States grew rapidly from 1990 to 2010 in terms of both number of new houses (from 30.8 to 43.4 million; 41% growth) and land area (from 581,000 to 770,000 km2; 33% growth), making it the fastest-growing land use type in the conterminous United States. The vast majority of new WUI areas were the result of new housing (97%), not related to an increase in wildland vegetation. Within the perimeter of recent wildfires (1990–2015), there were 286,000 houses in 2010, compared with 177,000 in 1990. Furthermore, WUI growth often results in more wildfire ignitions, putting more lives and houses at risk. Wildfire problems will not abate if recent housing growth trends continue.
","language":"English","publisher":"PNAS","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1718850115","usgsCitation":"Radeloff, V.C., Helmers, D., Kramer, H.A., Mockrin, M.H., Alexandre, P.M., Bar-Massada, A., Butsic, V., Hawbaker, T., Martinuzzi, S., Syphard, A.D., and Stewart, S.I., 2018, Rapid growth of the US wildland-urban interface raises wildfire risk: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 115, no. 13, p. 3314-3319, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718850115.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"3314","endPage":"3319","ipdsId":"IP-088318","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5879688","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":360502,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c1a1534e4b0708288c23540","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Radeloff, Volker C.","contributorId":141124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Radeloff","given":"Volker","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13679,"text":"SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helmers, David P.","contributorId":177497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helmers","given":"David P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kramer, H. Anu","contributorId":211620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kramer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Anu","affiliations":[{"id":18002,"text":"University of Wisconsin - Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mockrin, Miranda H.","contributorId":211622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mockrin","given":"Miranda","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37389,"text":"U.S. Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alexandre, Patricia M.","contributorId":211617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexandre","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":38277,"text":"University of Lisbon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bar-Massada, Avi","contributorId":211618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bar-Massada","given":"Avi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38278,"text":"University of Haifa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Butsic, Van","contributorId":211619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butsic","given":"Van","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6643,"text":"University of California - Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hawbaker, Todd 0000-0003-0930-9154 tjhawbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-9154","contributorId":568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawbaker","given":"Todd","email":"tjhawbaker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Martinuzzi, Sebastian","contributorId":197996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinuzzi","given":"Sebastian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Syphard, Alexandra D.","contributorId":8977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Syphard","given":"Alexandra","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Stewart, Susan I.","contributorId":78973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70195982,"text":"70195982 - 2018 - Inferred fish behavior its implications for hydroacoustic surveys in nearshore habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T12:49:08","indexId":"70195982","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inferred fish behavior its implications for hydroacoustic surveys in nearshore habitats","docAbstract":"Population availability and vessel avoidance effects on hydroacoustic abundance estimates may be scale dependent; therefore, it is important to evaluate these biases across systems. We performed an inter-ship comparison survey to determine the effect of vessel size, day-night period, depth, and environmental gradients on walleye (Sander vitreus) density estimates in Lake Erie, an intermediate-scaled system. Consistent near-bottom depth distributions coupled with horizontal fish movements relative to vessel paths indicated avoidance behavior contributed to higher walleye densities from smaller vessels in shallow water (i.e., <15 m), although the difference decreased with increasing depth. Diel bank migrations in response to seasonally varying onshore-to-offshore environmental gradients likely contributed to day-night differences in densities between sampling locations and seasons. Spatial and unexplained variation accounted for a high proportion of total variation; however, increasing sampling intensity can mitigate effects on precision. Therefore, researchers should minimize systematic avoidance and availability related biases (i.e., vessel and day-night period) to improve population abundance estimates. Quantifying availability and avoidance behavior effects and partitioning sources of variation provides informed flexibility for designing future hydroacoustic surveys in shallow-water nearshore environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.fishres.2017.11.018","usgsCitation":"DuFour, M.R., Mayer, C.M., Qian, S.S., Vandergoot, C., Kraus, R.T., Kocovsky, P., and Warner, D.M., 2018, Inferred fish behavior its implications for hydroacoustic surveys in nearshore habitats: Fisheries Research, v. 199, p. 63-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2017.11.018.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"75","ipdsId":"IP-077301","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.7435302734375,\n 41.39123380197929\n ],\n [\n -81.6339111328125,\n 41.39123380197929\n ],\n [\n -81.6339111328125,\n 41.76106872528616\n ],\n [\n -82.7435302734375,\n 41.76106872528616\n ],\n [\n -82.7435302734375,\n 41.39123380197929\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"199","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6ffe4b0da30c1bfc044","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DuFour, Mark R.","contributorId":203270,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DuFour","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayer, Christine M.","contributorId":203271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mayer","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Qian, Song S.","contributorId":198934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qian","given":"Song","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vandergoot, Christopher 0000-0003-4128-3329 cvandergoot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4128-3329","contributorId":178356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergoot","given":"Christopher","email":"cvandergoot@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kraus, Richard T. 0000-0003-4494-1841 rkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-1841","contributorId":2609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Richard","email":"rkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kocovsky, Patrick 0000-0003-4325-4265 pkocovsky@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-4265","contributorId":150837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"Patrick","email":"pkocovsky@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Warner, David M. 0000-0003-4939-5368 dmwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4939-5368","contributorId":2986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"David","email":"dmwarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70195979,"text":"70195979 - 2018 - Spatial capture–recapture with partial identity: An application to camera traps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T11:06:43","indexId":"70195979","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":787,"text":"Annals of Applied Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial capture–recapture with partial identity: An application to camera traps","docAbstract":"Camera trapping surveys frequently capture individuals whose identity is only known from a single flank. The most widely used methods for incorporating these partial identity individuals into density analyses discard some of the partial identity capture histories, reducing precision, and, while not previously recognized, introducing bias. Here, we present the spatial partial identity model (SPIM), which uses the spatial location where partial identity samples are captured to probabilistically resolve their complete identities, allowing all partial identity samples to be used in the analysis. We show that the SPIM outperforms other analytical alternatives. We then apply the SPIM to an ocelot data set collected on a trapping array with double-camera stations and a bobcat data set collected on a trapping array with single-camera stations. The SPIM improves inference in both cases and, in the ocelot example, individual sex is determined from photographs used to further resolve partial identities—one of which is resolved to near certainty. The SPIM opens the door for the investigation of trapping designs that deviate from the standard two camera design, the combination of other data types between which identities cannot be deterministically linked, and can be extended to the problem of partial genotypes.
","language":"English","publisher":"IMS","doi":"10.1214/17-AOAS1091","usgsCitation":"Augustine, B.C., Royle, J., Kelly, M.J., Satter, C.B., Alonso, R.S., Boydston, E.E., and Crooks, K.R., 2018, Spatial capture–recapture with partial identity: An application to camera traps: Annals of Applied Statistics, v. 12, no. 1, p. 67-95, https://doi.org/10.1214/17-AOAS1091.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"95","ipdsId":"IP-088130","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1214/17-aoas1091","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352404,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6ffe4b0da30c1bfc048","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Augustine, Ben C.","contributorId":203257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Augustine","given":"Ben","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":138865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":730768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelly, Marcella J.","contributorId":179348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelly","given":"Marcella","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Satter, Christopher B.","contributorId":203259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Satter","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alonso, Robert S.","contributorId":93739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alonso","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boydston, Erin E. 0000-0002-8452-835X eboydston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8452-835X","contributorId":1705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boydston","given":"Erin","email":"eboydston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Crooks, Kevin R.","contributorId":51137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crooks","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70195980,"text":"70195980 - 2018 - Evaluation of acoustic telemetry grids for determining aquatic animal movement and survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T13:29:23","indexId":"70195980","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of acoustic telemetry grids for determining aquatic animal movement and survival","docAbstract":"Stream geomorphic characteristics were monitored along a 0.8-mile reach of the Fever River in the Driftless Area of southwestern Wisconsin from 2004 to 2011 where cattle grazed in paddocks along the riverbank at the University of Wisconsin-Platteville’s Pioneer Farm. The study reach encompassed seven paddocks that covered a total of 30 acres on both sides of the river. Monitoring data included channel crosssection surveys, eroding bank measurements and photograph points, erosion-pin measurements, longitudinal profile surveys, measurements of the volume of soft sediment in the channel, and repeated time-lapse photographs. Characteristics were summarized into subreaches by use of a geographic information system. From 2004 to 2007, baseline monitoring was done to identify geomorphic conditions prior to evaluating the effects of management alternatives for riparian grazing. Subsequent to the full-scale baseline monitoring, additional data were collected from 2007 to 2011. Samples of eroding bank and in-channel soft sediment were collected and analyzed for dry bulk density in 2008 for use in a sediment budget. One of the pastures was excluded from cattle grazing in the fall of 2007; in 2009 channel cross sections, longitudinal profiles, erosion-pin measurements, photographs, and a soft sediment survey were again collected along the full 0.8-mile reach for a comparison to baseline monitoring data. Channel cross sections were surveyed a final time in 2011. Lessons learned from bank monitoring with erosion pins were most numerous and included the need for consistent tracking of each pin and whether there was deposition or erosion, timing of measurements and bank conditions during measurements (frozen, postflood), and awareness of pins loosening in place. Repeated freezing and thawing of banks and consequential mass wasting and jointing enhance fluvial erosion. Monitoring equipment in the paddocks was kept flush to the ground or located high on posts to avoid injuring the cattle.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161179","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin-Platteville Pioneer Farm Program","usgsCitation":"Peppler, M.C., and Fitzpatrick, F.A., 2018, Collection methods, data compilation, and lessons learned from a study of stream geomorphology associated with riparian cattle grazing along the Fever River, University of Wisconsin- Platteville Pioneer Farm, Wisconsin, 2004–11: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1179, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161179.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 21 p.; Appendixes 1-9; Readme","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-069094","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352034,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1179/appendix/ofr20161179_appendix1.zip","text":"Appendix 1","size":"39.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Channel CrossSection Surveys"},{"id":352035,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1179/appendix/ofr20161179_appendix2.zip","text":"Appendix 2","size":"2.10 GB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Eroding Bank Measurements and Photograph Points"},{"id":352036,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1179/appendix/ofr20161179_appendix3.zip","text":"Appendix 3","size":"320 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Erosion Pin Measurements"},{"id":352038,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1179/appendix/ofr20161179_appendix5.zip","text":"Appendix 5","size":"30 MB ","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- In-Channel Soft Sediment Depth and Volume"},{"id":352037,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1179/appendix/ofr20161179_appendix4.zip","text":"Appendix 4","size":"128 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Longitudinal Profile Surveys"},{"id":351479,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1179/ofr20161179.pdf","text":"Report","size":"18.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1179"},{"id":352039,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1179/appendix/ofr20161179_appendix6.zip","text":"Appendix 6","size":"545 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Geographic Information System Analyses of Reach Characteristics"},{"id":352040,"rank":10,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1179/appendix/ofr20161179_appendix7.zip","text":"Appendix 7","size":"28 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Sediment Bulk Density"},{"id":352041,"rank":11,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1179/appendix/ofr20161179_appendix8.zip","text":"Appendix 8","size":"73.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Time Lapse Photographs"},{"id":351478,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1179/coverthb.jpg","text":"Report"},{"id":351870,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1179/appendix/appendixes-readme.pdf","text":"Appendix Readme","size":"22 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":352042,"rank":12,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1179/appendix/ofr20161179_appendix9.zip","text":"Appendix 9","size":"611. MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Miscellaneous Photographs and Field Notes"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Fever River, University of Wisconsin-Platteville Pioneer Agricultural Stewardship Farm","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.40331840515137,\n 42.71124784262846\n ],\n [\n -90.393168926239,\n 42.71124784262846\n ],\n [\n -90.393168926239,\n 42.71984009899354\n ],\n [\n -90.40331840515137,\n 42.71984009899354\n ],\n [\n -90.40331840515137,\n 42.71124784262846\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
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Fort Pulaski National Monument is located on Cockspur Island in Chatham County, Georgia, within the Atlantic Coastal Plain province. The island lies near the mouth of the Savannah River, and consists of small mounds (hummocks), salt marshes, and sediment dredged from the river. A 1,017-foot (ft) (310-meter [m])-deep core drilled at Cockspur Island in 2010 by the U.S. Geological Survey revealed several sedimentary units ranging in age from 43 million years old to present. Sand and mud are present at drilling depths from 0 to 182 ft (56 m), limestone is present at depths from 182 ft (56 m) to 965 ft (295 m), and glauconitic sand is present at depths from 965 ft (295 m) to 1,017 ft (310 m). The limestone and the water within the limestone are referred to collectively as the Floridan aquifer system, which is the primary source of drinking water for the City of Savannah and surrounding communities. In addition to details of the subsurface geology, this fact sheet identifies the following geologic materials used in the construction of Fort Pulaski: (1) granite, (2) bricks, (3) sandstone, and (4) lime mud with oyster shells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20183011","usgsCitation":"Swezey, C.S., Seefelt, E.L., and Parker, M., 2018, A brief geological history of Cockspur Island at Fort Pulaski National Monument, Chatham County, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2018‒3011, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183011.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":" IP-082254","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352324,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3011/fs20183011.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.05 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2018-3011"},{"id":352323,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3011/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Chatham County","otherGeospatial":"Fort Pulaski National Monument","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.92349052429198,\n 32.021321351629176\n ],\n [\n -80.87533950805664,\n 32.021321351629176\n ],\n [\n -80.87533950805664,\n 32.03696591411931\n ],\n [\n -80.92349052429198,\n 32.03696591411931\n ],\n [\n -80.92349052429198,\n 32.021321351629176\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Eastern Geology Paleoclimate Science Center
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Excessive rainfall resulted in flooding on numerous rivers throughout the southern Midwestern United States (southern Midwest) in late April and early May of 2017. The heaviest rainfall, between April 28 and 30, resulted in extensive flooding from eastern Oklahoma to southern Indiana including parts of Missouri, Arkansas, and Illinois.
Peak-of-record streamflows were set at 21 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages in the southern Midwest during the resulting April–May 2017 flooding and each of the five States included in the study area had at least one streamgage with a peak of record during the flood. The annual exceedance probability (AEP) estimates for the April–May 2017 peak streamflows indicate that peaks at 5 USGS streamgages had AEPs of 0.2 percent or less (500-year recurrence interval or greater), and peak streamflows at 15 USGS streamgages had AEPs in the range from greater than 0.2 to 1 percent (500- to 100-year recurrence intervals).
Examination of the magnitude of the temporal changes in median annual peak streamflows indicated positive increases, in general, throughout the study area for each of the 1930–2017, 1956–2017, 1975–2017, and 1989–2017 analysis periods. The median increase in peak streamflows was greatest in 1975–2017 and 1989–2017 with maximum increases of 8 to 10 percent per year. No stations in the 1975–2017 or 1989–2017 analysis period had median negative changes in peak streamflows.
","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181004","usgsCitation":"Heimann, D.C., Holmes, R.R., Jr., and Harris, T.E., 2018, Flooding in the southern Midwestern United States, April–May 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1004, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181004.","productDescription":"Report: v, 36 p.; 7 Films","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-091177","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352359,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1004/downloads/Films/Film1.mp4","text":"Film 1—","size":"15.6 MB","description":"OFR 2018–1004 Film 1","linkHelpText":"April 28, 2017–May 10, 2017, Daily streamflow magnitude in study area compared to long-term median streamflows"},{"id":352364,"rank":8,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1004/downloads/Films/Film6_NFK_MO_HWYPP.mp4","text":"Film 6—(film courtesy of Aerial Ozarks)","size":"172 MB","description":"OFR 2018–1004 Film 6","linkHelpText":"James Bridge on MO-PP, North Fork River, Ozark County, Mo."},{"id":352361,"rank":5,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1004/downloads/Films/Film3_NFK_SpringCK.mp4","text":"Film 3—(film courtesy of Aerial Ozarks)","size":"159 MB","description":"OFR 2018–1004 Film 3","linkHelpText":"Twin Bridges in Douglas County, Mo., North Fork River and Spring Creek"},{"id":352363,"rank":7,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1004/downloads/Films/Film5_BryantCK_Hwy181.mp4","text":"Film 5—(film courtesy of Aerial Ozarks)","size":"137 MB","description":"OFR 2018–1004 Film 5","linkHelpText":"Hodgson Mill on Hwy. 181, Bryant Creek, Ozark County, Mo."},{"id":352341,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1004/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":352362,"rank":6,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1004/downloads/Films/Film4_NFK_MO_HWY_CC(HammondMillBrdge).mp4","text":"Film 4—(film courtesy of Aerial Ozarks)","size":"126 MB","description":"OFR 2018–1004 Film 4","linkHelpText":"Hammond Mill Bridge on MO-CC, North Fork River, Ozark County, Mo."},{"id":352365,"rank":9,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1004/downloads/Films/Film7_DryCK_MO_HwyAP.mp4","text":"Film 7—(film courtesy of Aerial Ozarks)","size":"70.0 MB","description":"OFR 2018–1004 Film 7","linkHelpText":"Dry Creek Bridge on MO-AP, Dry Creek, Howell County, Mo."},{"id":352342,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1004/ofr20181004.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.01 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018–1004"},{"id":352394,"rank":10,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1004/downloads/Films/Films.zip","text":"Films","size":"746 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2018–1004 Films"},{"id":352360,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1004/downloads/Films/Film2_SpringCK_HwyAP.mp4","text":"Film 2—(film courtesy of Aerial Ozarks)","size":"75.4 MB","description":"OFR 2018–1004 Film 2","linkHelpText":"Spring Creek Bridge on MO-AP"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.20751953125,\n 33.706062655101206\n ],\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 33.706062655101206\n ],\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 39.38526381099774\n ],\n [\n -95.20751953125,\n 39.38526381099774\n ],\n [\n -95.20751953125,\n 33.706062655101206\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Missouri Water Science Center
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Rolla, MO 65401
How well seabirds compensate for variability in prey abundance and composition near their breeding colonies influences their distribution and reproductive success. We used tufted puffins (Fratercula cirrhata) as forage fish samplers to study marine food webs from the western Aleutian Islands (53°N, 173°E) to Kodiak Island (57°N, 153°W), Alaska, during August 2012–2014. Around each colony we obtained data on: environmental characteristics (sea surface temperature and salinity, seafloor depth and slope, tidal range, and chlorophyll-a), relative forage fish biomass (hydroacoustic backscatter), and seabird community composition and density at-sea. On colonies, we collected puffin chick-meals to characterize forage communities and determine meal energy density, and measured chicks to obtain a body condition index. There were distinct environmental gradients from west to east, and environmental variables differed by ecoregions: the (1) Western-Central Aleutians, (2) Eastern Aleutians, and, (3) Alaska Peninsula. Forage fish biomass, species richness, and community composition all differed markedly between ecoregions. Forage biomass was strongly correlated with environmental gradients, and environmental gradients and forage biomass accounted for ~ 50% of the variability in at-sea density of tufted puffins and all seabird taxa combined. Despite the local and regional variability in marine environments and forage, the mean biomass of prey delivered to puffin chicks did not differ significantly between ecoregions, nor did chick condition or puffin density at-sea. We conclude that puffins can adjust their foraging behavior to produce healthy chicks across a wide range of environmental conditions. This extraordinary flexibility enables their overall success and wide distribution across the North Pacific Ocean.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00227-018-3304-4","usgsCitation":"Schoen, S.K., Piatt, J.F., Arimitsu, M.L., Heflin, B., Madison, E.N., Drew, G.S., Renner, M., Rojek, N.A., Douglas, D.C., and DeGange, A.R., 2018, Avian predator buffers against variability in marine habitats with flexible foraging behavior: Marine Biology, v. 165, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-018-3304-4.","productDescription":"Article 47; 14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","ipdsId":"IP-090458","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7TQ60GV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Marine ecology near Tufted Puffin colonies across the Aleutian Archipelago and Alaska Peninsula, 2012-2014"},{"id":352355,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian Islands, Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -188.525390625,\n 50.84757295365389\n ],\n [\n -151.6552734375,\n 50.84757295365389\n ],\n [\n -151.6552734375,\n 57.657157596582984\n ],\n [\n -188.525390625,\n 57.657157596582984\n ],\n [\n -188.525390625,\n 50.84757295365389\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"165","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee701e4b0da30c1bfc050","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoen, Sarah K. 0000-0002-5685-5185 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Martin","contributorId":198248,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Renner","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rojek, Nora A.","contributorId":201046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rojek","given":"Nora","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"DeGange, Anthony R. tdegange@usgs.gov","contributorId":203210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeGange","given":"Anthony","email":"tdegange@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36582,"text":"Former USGS ASC employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70195955,"text":"70195955 - 2018 - Raptor interactions with wind energy: Case studies from around the world","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T10:18:04","indexId":"70195955","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Raptor interactions with wind energy: Case studies from around the world","docAbstract":"The global potential for wind power generation is vast, and the number of installations is increasing rapidly. We review case studies from around the world of the effects on raptors of wind-energy development. Collision mortality, displacement, and habitat loss have the potential to cause population-level effects, especially for species that are rare or endangered. The impact on raptors has much to do with their behavior, so careful siting of wind-energy developments to avoid areas suited to raptor breeding, foraging, or migration would reduce these effects. At established wind farms that already conflict with raptors, reduction of fatalities may be feasible by curtailment of turbines as raptors approach, and offset through mitigation of other human causes of mortality such as electrocution and poisoning, provided the relative effects can be quantified. Measurement of raptor mortality at wind farms is the subject of intense effort and study, especially where mitigation is required by law, with novel statistical approaches recently made available to improve the notoriously difficult-to-estimate mortality rates of rare and hard-to-detect species. Global standards for wind farm placement, monitoring, and effects mitigation would be a valuable contribution to raptor conservation worldwide.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Raptor Research Foundation","doi":"10.3356/JRR-16-100.1","usgsCitation":"Watson, R.T., Kolar, P.S., Ferrer, M., Nygard, T., Johnston, N., Hunt, W.G., Smit-Robinson, H.A., Farmer, C.J., Huso, M.M., and Katzner, T., 2018, Raptor interactions with wind energy: Case studies from around the world: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 52, no. 1, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-16-100.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","ipdsId":"IP-082079","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr-16-100.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Egypt, Lesotho, Morocco, Norway, South Africa, Spain, United 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On the basis of streamflow data collected at 30 selected U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages in the Androscoggin River, Connecticut River, Merrimack River, and Saco River Basins, the storms caused minor to moderate flooding in those basins on October 30–31, 2017. During the storms, the USGS deployed hydrographers to take discrete measurements of streamflow. The measurements were used to confirm the stage-to-streamflow relation (rating curve) at the selected USGS streamgages. Following the storms, hydrographers documented high-water marks in support of indirect measurements of streamflow. Seven streamgages with greater than 50 years of streamflow data recorded preliminary streamflow peaks within the top five for the periods of record. Twelve streamgages recorded preliminary peak streamflows greater than an estimate of the 100-year streamflow based on drainage area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181026","usgsCitation":"Kiah, R.G, and Stasulis, N.W., 2018, Preliminary stage and streamflow data at selected U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in Maine and New Hampshire for the flood of October 30–31, 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1026, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181026.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-092894","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352270,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1026/ofr20181026.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1026"},{"id":352269,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1026/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine, New Hampshire","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72,\n 42.75\n ],\n [\n -69,\n 42.75\n ],\n [\n -69,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 42.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
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331 Commerce Way, Suite 2
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Earthquake swarms represent a sudden increase in seismicity that may indicate a heterogeneous fault-zone, the involvement of crustal fluids and/or slow fault slip. Swarms sometimes precede major earthquake ruptures. An earthquake swarm occurred in October 2015 near San Ramon, California in an extensional right step-over region between the northern Calaveras Fault and the Concord–Mt. Diablo fault zone, which has hosted ten major swarms since 1970. The 2015 San Ramon swarm is examined here from 11 October through 18 November using template matching analysis. The relocated seismicity catalog contains ∼4000 events with magnitudes between
We analyze the response of Kenyan maize yields to near-term climate change and explore potential mitigation options. We model county level yields as a function of rainfall and temperature during a period of increased regional warming and drying (1989–2008). We then do a counter factual analysis by comparing existing maize yields from 2000 to 2008 to what yields might have been if observed warming and drying trends had not occurred. We also examine maize yields based on projected 2026–2040 climate trends. Without the observed warming and drying trends, Eastern Kenya would have had an 8% increase in maize yields, which in turn would have led to a net production increase of 500,000 metric tons. In Western Kenya, the magnitude of change is higher but the relative changes in predicted values are smaller. If warming and drying trends continue, we expect future maize yields to decline by 11% in Eastern Kenya (vs. 7% in Western Kenya). We also examine whether these future losses might be offset through agricultural development. For that analysis, we use a household panel dataset (2000, 2005) with measurements of individual farm plot yields, inputs, and outputs. We find that under a scenario of aggressive adoption of hybrid seeds and fertilizer usage coupled with warming and drying trends, yields in Western Kenya might increase by 6% while those in Eastern Kenya could increase by 14%. This increase in yields might be larger if there is a corresponding increase in usage of drought-tolerant hybrids. However, wide prediction intervals across models highlight the uncertainty in these outcomes and scenarios.
Many coastlines around the world have stair-step landforms, known as marine terraces. Marine terraces make up a large part of coastal California’s landscape—from San Diego to Crescent City. Find out how these landscapes form, why marine terraces are of interest to scientists, and where you can explore these landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20183002","usgsCitation":"Schulz, M., Lawrence, C., Muhs, D., Prentice, C., and Flanagan, S., 2018, Landscapes from the waves—Marine terraces of California: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2018–3002, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183002.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","ipdsId":"IP-090266","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352335,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3002/fs20183002.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Fact Sheet 2018-3002"},{"id":352334,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3002/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","contact":"Hydro-Eco Interactions Branch
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025
https://water.usgs.gov
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) monitors water quality and suspended-sediment transport in the San Francisco Bay (bay) as part of a multi-agency effort to address management, water supply, and ecological concerns. The San Francisco Bay area is home to millions of people, and the bay teems both with resident and with migratory wildlife, plants, and fish. Freshwater mixes with salt water in the bay, which is subject both to riverine influences (floods, droughts, managed reservoir releases and freshwater diversions) and to marine influences (tides, waves, effects of salt water). To understand this environment, the USGS, along with its partners (see “Acknowledgements”), has been monitoring the bay’s waters continuously since 1988. Several water-quality variables are of particular importance to State and Federal resource managers and are monitored at key locations throughout the bay (fig. 1). Salinity, which indicates the relative mixing of fresh and ocean waters in the bay, is derived from specific conductance measurements. Water temperature, along with salinity, affects the density of water, which controls gravity-driven circulation patterns and stratification in the water column. Turbidity, a measure of light scattered from suspended particles in the water, is used to estimate suspended-sediment concentration (SSC). Suspended sediment affects the bay in multiple ways: attenuation of sunlight in the water column, affecting phytoplankton growth; deposition on tidal marsh and intertidal mudflats, which can help sustain these habitats as sea level rises; deposition in ports and shipping channels, which can necessitate dredging; and often, adsorption of contaminants, affecting their distribution and concentrations in the environment. Dissolved oxygen concentration, essential to a healthy ecosystem and a fundamental indicator of water quality, is affected by water temperature, salinity, ecosystem metabolism, tidal currents, and wind. Tidal currents in the bay reverse four times a day, and wind direction and intensity typically vary on a daily cycle. Consequently, salinity, water temperature, SSC, and dissolved-oxygen concentration vary spatially and temporally throughout the bay. Therefore, continuous measurements are needed to observe these changes. The purpose of this fact sheet is to provide information about these variables, as well as internet links to access these continuous water-quality data collected by the USGS.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20183013","usgsCitation":"Buchanan, P.A., Downing-Kunz, M.A., Schoellhamer, D.H., and Livsey, D.N., 2018, Continuous water-quality and suspended-sediment transport monitoring in the San Francisco Bay, California, water years 2014–15 (ver. 1.1, May 2018): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2018–3013, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183013.","productDescription":"5 p.","ipdsId":"IP-062545","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354204,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3013/fs20183013_versionHist.txt","size":"2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"Fact Sheet 2018-3013 Version History"},{"id":352337,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3013/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":352338,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3013/fs20183013_v1.1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"650 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Fact Sheet 2018-3013"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.5689697265625,\n 37.399619108675594\n ],\n [\n -121.76834106445311,\n 37.399619108675594\n ],\n [\n -121.76834106445311,\n 38.19825933797085\n ],\n [\n -122.5689697265625,\n 38.19825933797085\n ],\n [\n -122.5689697265625,\n 37.399619108675594\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: March 8, 2018; Version 1.1: May 15, 2018","contact":"Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, CA 95819
Rock Sandpipers Calidris ptilocnemis have the most northerly non-breeding distribution of any shorebird in the Pacific Basin (upper Cook Inlet, Alaska; 61°N, 151°W). In terms of freezing temperatures, persistent winds and pervasive ice, this site is the harshest used by shorebirds during winter. We integrated physiological, metabolic, behavioural and environmental aspects of the non-breeding ecology of Rock Sandpipers at the northern extent of their range to determine the relative importance of these factors in facilitating their unique non-breeding ecology. Not surprisingly, estimated daily energetic demands were greatest during January, the coldest period of winter. These estimates were greatest for foraging birds, and exceeded basal metabolic rates by a factor of 6.5, a scope of increase that approaches the maximum sustained rate of energetic output by shorebirds during periods of migration, but far exceeds these periods in duration. We assessed the quality of their primary prey, the bivalve Macoma balthica, to determine the daily foraging duration required by Rock Sandpipers to satisfy such energetic demands. Based on size-specific estimates of M. balthica quality, Rock Sandpipers require over 13 h/day of foraging time in upper Cook Inlet in January, even when feeding on the highest quality prey. This range approaches the average daily duration of mudflat availability in this region (c. 18 h), a maximum value that annually decreases due to the accumulation of shore-fast ice. Rock Sandpipers are likely to maximize access to foraging sites by following the exposure of ice-free mudflats across the upper Cook Inlet region and by selecting smaller, higher quality M. balthica to minimize foraging times. Ultimately, this unusual non-breeding ecology relies on the high quality of their prey resources. Compared with other sites across their range, M. balthica from upper Cook Inlet have relatively light shells, potentially the result of the region's depauperate invertebrate predator community. Given the delicate balance between environmental and prey conditions that currently make Cook Inlet a viable wintering area for Rock Sandpipers, small variations in these variables may affect the suitability of the site in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ibi.12534","usgsCitation":"Ruthrauff, D.R., Dekinga, A., Gill, R., and Piersma, T., 2018, Energetic solutions of Rock Sandpipers to harsh winter conditions rely on prey quality: Ibis, v. 160, no. 2, p. 397-412, https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12534.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"412","ipdsId":"IP-087163","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12534","text":"External Repository"},{"id":352327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.28076171875,\n 58.802361927759456\n ],\n [\n -148.271484375,\n 58.802361927759456\n ],\n [\n -148.271484375,\n 61.887225669194976\n ],\n [\n -155.28076171875,\n 61.887225669194976\n ],\n [\n -155.28076171875,\n 58.802361927759456\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"160","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee701e4b0da30c1bfc05e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruthrauff, Daniel R. 0000-0003-1355-9156 druthrauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-9156","contributorId":4181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruthrauff","given":"Daniel","email":"druthrauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dekinga, Anne","contributorId":203122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dekinga","given":"Anne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36570,"text":"NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piersma, Theunis 0000-0001-9668-466X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9668-466X","contributorId":203123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piersma","given":"Theunis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36570,"text":"NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70195937,"text":"70195937 - 2018 - Fungal disease prevention in seedlings of rice (Oryza sativa) and other grasses by growth-promoting seed-associated endophytic bacteria from invasive Phragmites australis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T12:54:23","indexId":"70195937","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5020,"text":"Microorganisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Fungal disease prevention in seedlings of rice (Oryza sativa) and other grasses by growth-promoting seed-associated endophytic bacteria from invasive Phragmites australis","title":"Fungal disease prevention in seedlings of rice (Oryza sativa) and other grasses by growth-promoting seed-associated endophytic bacteria from invasive Phragmites australis","docAbstract":"Non-cultivated plants carry microbial endophytes that may be used to enhance development and disease resistance of crop species where growth-promoting and protective microbes may have been lost. During seedling establishment, seedlings may be infected by several fungal pathogens that are seed or soil borne. Several species of Fusarium, Pythium and other water moulds cause seed rots during germination. Fusariumblights of seedlings are also very common and significantly affect seedling development. In the present study we screened nine endophytic bacteria isolated from the seeds of invasive Phragmites australis by inoculating onto rice, Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), or annual bluegrass (Poa annua) seeds to evaluate plant growth promotion and protection from disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum. We found that three bacteria belonging to genus Pseudomonas spp. (SLB4-P. fluorescens, SLB6-Pseudomonas sp. and SY1-Pseudomonassp.) promoted seedling development, including enhancement of root and shoot growth, and stimulation of root hair formation. These bacteria were also found to increase phosphate solubilization in in vitro experiments. Pseudomonas sp. (SY1) significantly protected grass seedlings from Fusarium infection. In co-culture experiments, strain SY1 strongly inhibited fungal pathogens with 85.71% growth inhibition of F. oxysporum, 86.33% growth inhibition of Curvularia sp. and 82.14% growth inhibition of Alternaria sp. Seedlings previously treated with bacteria were found much less infected by F. oxysporum in comparison to non-treated controls. On microscopic observation we found that bacteria appeared to degrade fungal mycelia actively. Metabolite products of strain SY1 in agar were also found to inhibit fungal growth on nutrient media. Pseudomonas sp. (SY1) was found to produce antifungal volatiles. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using specific primers for pyrrolnitirin synthesis and HCN (hydrogen cyanide) production suggested presence of genes for both compounds in the genome of SY1. HCN was detected in cultures of SY1. We conclude that microbes from non-cultivated plants may provide disease protection and promote growth of crop plants.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms6010021","usgsCitation":"Verma, S.K., Kingsley, K.L., Bergen, M.S., Kowalski, K., and White, J., 2018, Fungal disease prevention in seedlings of rice (Oryza sativa) and other grasses by growth-promoting seed-associated endophytic bacteria from invasive Phragmites australis: Microorganisms, v. 6, no. 1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms6010021.","productDescription":"Article 21; 13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","ipdsId":"IP-094472","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468929,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms6010021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352330,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee701e4b0da30c1bfc05c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verma, Satish Kumar","contributorId":203175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verma","given":"Satish","email":"","middleInitial":"Kumar","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kingsley, Kathryn L.","contributorId":203176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kingsley","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergen, Marshall S.","contributorId":178394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bergen","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kowalski, Kurt P. 0000-0002-8424-4701 kkowalski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8424-4701","contributorId":3768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalski","given":"Kurt P.","email":"kkowalski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, James F.","contributorId":152046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"James F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70195938,"text":"70195938 - 2018 - Bioremediation in fractured rock: 2. Mobilization of chloroethene compounds from the rock matrix","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T09:55:51","indexId":"70195938","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioremediation in fractured rock: 2. Mobilization of chloroethene compounds from the rock matrix","docAbstract":"A mass balance is formulated to evaluate the mobilization of chlorinated ethene compounds (CE) from the rock matrix of a fractured mudstone aquifer under pre- and postbioremediation conditions. The analysis relies on a sparse number of monitoring locations and is constrained by a detailed description of the groundwater flow regime. Groundwater flow modeling developed under the site characterization identified groundwater fluxes to formulate the CE mass balance in the rock volume exposed to the injected remediation amendments. Differences in the CE fluxes into and out of the rock volume identify the total CE mobilized from diffusion, desorption, and nonaqueous phase liquid dissolution under pre- and postinjection conditions. The initial CE mass in the rock matrix prior to remediation is estimated using analyses of CE in rock core. The CE mass mobilized per year under preinjection conditions is small relative to the total CE mass in the rock, indicating that current pump-and-treat and natural attenuation conditions are likely to require hundreds of years to achieve groundwater concentrations that meet regulatory guidelines. The postinjection CE mobilization rate increased by approximately an order of magnitude over the 5 years of monitoring after the amendment injection. This rate is likely to decrease and additional remediation applications over several decades would still be needed to reduce CE mass in the rock matrix to levels where groundwater concentrations in fractures achieve regulatory standards.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12586","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A.M., Tiedeman, C.R., Imbrigiotta, T.E., Goode, D.J., Hsieh, P.A., Lacombe, P., DeFlaun, M.F., Drew, S.R., and Curtis, G.P., 2018, Bioremediation in fractured rock: 2. Mobilization of chloroethene compounds from the rock matrix: Groundwater, v. 56, no. 2, p. 317-336, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12586.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"336","ipdsId":"IP-088890","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352329,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"West Trenton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.81480240821838,\n 40.26764815781309\n ],\n [\n -74.8107898235321,\n 40.26764815781309\n ],\n [\n -74.8107898235321,\n 40.27047242769165\n ],\n [\n -74.81480240821838,\n 40.27047242769165\n ],\n [\n -74.81480240821838,\n 40.26764815781309\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee701e4b0da30c1bfc05a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - 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