Documenting the evolving processes associated with habitat restoration and how long it takes to detect avian demographic responses is crucial to evaluate the success of restoration initiatives and to identify ways to improve their effectiveness. The importance of this endeavor prompted the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service to evaluate their sun‐to‐shade coffee restoration program in Puerto Rico initiated in 2003. We quantified the responses of 12 resident avian species using estimates of local occupancy and extinction probabilities based on surveys conducted in 2015–2017 at 65 restored farms grouped according to time‐since‐initial‐restoration (TSIR): new (2011–2014), intermediate (2007–2010), and old (2003–2006). We also surveyed 40 forest sites, which served as reference sites. Vegetation complexity increased with TSIR, ranging between 35 and 40% forest cover in farms 6–9 years TSIR. Forest specialists (e.g. Loxigilla portoricencis) exhibited highest average occupancy in farms initially classified as intermediate (6–9 years) and old (>10 years), paralleling occupancy in secondary forests. Occupancy of open‐habitat specialists (e.g. Tiaris olivaceus) was more variable, but higher in recently restored farms. Restoring the shade layer has the potential to heighten ecological services derived from forest specialists (e.g. frugivores) without losing the services of many open‐habitat specialists (e.g. insectivores). Annual local extinction probability for forest specialists decreased with increasing habitat complexity, strengthening the potential value of shade restoration as a tool to enhance habitat for avifauna that evolved in forested landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.12697","usgsCitation":"Irizarry, A.D., Collazo, J., Pacifici, K., Reich, B.J., and Battle, K.E., 2018, Avian response to shade‐layer restoration in coffee plantations in Puerto Rico: Restoration Ecology, v. 26, no. 6, p. 1212-1220, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12697.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1212","endPage":"1220","ipdsId":"IP-092279","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12697","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":354726,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b46e573e4b060350a15d179","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irizarry, Amarilys D.","contributorId":205434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Irizarry","given":"Amarilys","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collazo, Jaime A. 0000-0002-1816-7744 jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-7744","contributorId":173448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"Jaime A.","email":"jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":737240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pacifici, Krishna","contributorId":26564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pacifici","given":"Krishna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":737283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reich, Brian J.","contributorId":150871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reich","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":737284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Battle, Kathryn E.","contributorId":205435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Battle","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70197454,"text":"70197454 - 2018 - Genetic population structure of Shoal Bass within their native range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-03T11:09:19","indexId":"70197454","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic population structure of Shoal Bass within their native range","docAbstract":"Endemic to the Apalachicola River basin of the southeastern USA, the Shoal Bass Micropterus cataractae is a fluvial‐specialist sport fish that is imperiled because of anthropogenic habitat alteration. To counter population declines, restorative stocking efforts are becoming an increasingly relevant management strategy. However, population genetic structure within the species is currently unknown, but it could influence management decisions, such as brood source location. Leveraging a collaborative effort to collect and genotype specimens with 16 microsatellite loci, our objective was to characterize hierarchical population structure and genetic differentiation of the Shoal Bass across its native range, including an examination of structuring mechanisms, such as relatedness and inbreeding levels. Specimens identified as Shoal Bass were collected from 13 distinct sites (N ranged from 17 to 209 per location) and were then taxonomically screened to remove nonnative congeners and hybrids (pure Shoal Bass N ranged from 13 to 183 per location). Our results revealed appreciable population structure, with five distinct Shoal Bass populations identifiable at the uppermost hierarchical level that generally corresponded with natural geographic features and anthropogenic barriers. Substructure was recovered within several of these populations, wherein differences appeared related to spatial isolation and local population dynamics. An analysis of molecular variance revealed that 3.6% of the variation in our data set was accounted for among three larger river drainages, but substructure within each river drainage also explained an additional 8.9% of genetic variation, demonstrating that management at a scale lower than the river drainage level would likely best conserve genetic diversity. Results provide a population genetic framework that can inform future management decisions, such as brood source location, so that genetic diversity within and among populations is conserved and overall adaptability of the species is maintained.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10048","usgsCitation":"Taylor, A.T., Tringali, M.D., Sammons, S.M., Ingram, T.R., O’Rouke, P.M., Peterson, D.L., and Long, J.M., 2018, Genetic population structure of Shoal Bass within their native range: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 38, no. 3, p. 549-564, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10048.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"549","endPage":"564","ipdsId":"IP-090674","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354720,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.572509765625,\n 29.563901551414418\n ],\n [\n -83.770751953125,\n 29.563901551414418\n ],\n [\n -83.770751953125,\n 34.49750272138159\n ],\n [\n -85.572509765625,\n 34.49750272138159\n ],\n [\n -85.572509765625,\n 29.563901551414418\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b46e573e4b060350a15d17d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Andrew T.","contributorId":177197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tringali, Michael D.","contributorId":191189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tringali","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sammons, Steven M.","contributorId":205417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sammons","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ingram, Travis R.","contributorId":205418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ingram","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Rouke, Patrick M.","contributorId":205426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Rouke","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, Douglas L.","contributorId":38911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70196754,"text":"ofr20181074 - 2018 - Freshwater mussel survey for the Columbia Dam removal, Paulins Kill, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T19:07:50.505204","indexId":"ofr20181074","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-04T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1074","title":"Freshwater mussel survey for the Columbia Dam removal, Paulins Kill, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Semi-quantitative mussel surveys, conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Delaware Riverkeeper Network in cooperation with The Nature Conservancy, were completed in the vicinity of the Columbia Dam, on the Paulins Kill, New Jersey, in August 2017 in order to document the mussel species composition and relative abundance prior to removal of the dam. Surveys were conducted from the Brugler Road Bridge downriver approximately 2,000 meters (m) to the Columbia Dam and downriver from the dam about 300 m to 75 m upriver from the confluence of the Paulins Kill with the Delaware River. Sixteen sections (average length=175 m) were surveyed by personnel snorkeling or SCUBA diving; 13 sections were upriver from the dam, and 3 were downriver from the dam. Mussels, as they were encountered by surveyors, were removed from the sediment, immediately identified to species, and replaced in their original collection locations. Habitat data were collected for each surveyed section. Upriver and downriver from the dam, river margins with dense vegetation were examined for mussels by personnel using snorkels in transects (approximately 25 meters) perpendicular to river flow every 50 m on both sides of the river. Only two species were found upriver from the dam, and those were present in relatively low numbers. Catch per unit effort is reported here within parentheses as the average across upriver sections in number of mussels per person hour of survey time: 42 Elliptio complanata (2.6) and 1 Pyganodon cataracta (0.1) were found upriver from the dam. No mussels were found in the dense vegetation either upriver or downriver of the dam by surveyors using snorkels. Significantly higher species richness and mussel catch per unit effort were found downriver from the dam than upriver, including 106 E. complanta (32.5), 27 Utterbackiana implicata (8.2), 1 Alasmidonta undulata (0.4), 2 Lampsilis cariosa (0.5), 6 Lampsilis radiata (2.1), 4 P. cataracta (1.1), and 1 Strophitus undulatus (0.4). The average habitat assessment score did not differ upriver and downriver from the dam.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181074","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The Nature Conservancy","usgsCitation":"Galbraith, H.S., Blakeslee, C.J., Cole, J.C., and Silldorff, E.L., 2018, Freshwater mussel survey for the Columbia Dam removal, Paulins Kill, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1074, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181074.","productDescription":"v, 7 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-094047","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354676,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1074/ofr20181074.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.40 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1074"},{"id":354675,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1074/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Columbia Dam, Paulins Kill","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.0889778137207,\n 40.9203876084737\n ],\n [\n -75.06837844848633,\n 40.9203876084737\n ],\n [\n -75.06837844848633,\n 40.937896253014145\n ],\n [\n -75.0889778137207,\n 40.937896253014145\n ],\n [\n -75.0889778137207,\n 40.9203876084737\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
11649 Leetown Road
Kearneysville, WV 25430
Parasites of the genus Ichthyophonus infect many fish species and have a non-uniform distribution within host tissues. Due in part to this uneven distribution, the comparative sensitivity and accuracy of using molecular-based detection methods versus culture to estimate parasite prevalence is under debate. We evaluated the analytical and diagnostic performance of an existing qPCR assay in comparison to the ‘gold standard’ culture method using Pacific herring Clupea pallasii with known exposure history. We determined that the assay is suitable for use in this host, and diagnostic specificity was consistently high (>98%) in both heart and liver tissues. Diagnostic sensitivity could not be fully assessed due to low infection rates, but our results suggest that qPCR is not as sensitive as culture under all circumstances. Diagnostic sensitivity of qPCR relative to culture is likely affected by the amount of sample processed. The prevalence values estimated by the 2 methods were not significantly different when sample amounts were equal (heart tissue), but when the assayed sample amounts were unequal (liver tissue), the culture method detected a significantly higher prevalence of the parasite than qPCR. Further, culture of liver also detected significantly more Ichthyophonus infections than culture of heart, suggesting that the density and distribution of parasites in tissues also plays a role in assay sensitivity. This sensitivity issue would be most problematic for fish with light infections. Although qPCR does not detect the presence of a live organism, DNA-based pathogen detection methods provide the opportunity for alternate testing strategies when culture is not possible.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao03221","usgsCitation":"Lowe, V.C., Hershberger, P., and Friedman, C.S., 2018, Analytical and diagnostic performance of a qPCR assay for Ichthyophonus spp. compared to the tissue culture ‘gold standard’: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 128, no. 3, p. 215-224, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03221.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"224","ipdsId":"IP-077745","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03221","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356522,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a2b0e4b0702d0e842fb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowe, Vanessa C.","contributorId":207049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Vanessa","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37438,"text":"Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hershberger, Paul K. 0000-0002-2261-7760 phershberger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7760","contributorId":139547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"Paul K.","email":"phershberger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":742538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedman, Carolyn S.","contributorId":207050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friedman","given":"Carolyn","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37439,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98105","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197423,"text":"70197423 - 2018 - Contrasting perspectives on the Lava Creek Tuff eruption, Yellowstone, from new U–Pb and 40Ar/39Ar age determinations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-04T10:25:53","indexId":"70197423","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Contrasting perspectives on the Lava Creek Tuff eruption, Yellowstone, from new U–Pb and 40Ar/39Ar age determinations","title":"Contrasting perspectives on the Lava Creek Tuff eruption, Yellowstone, from new U–Pb and 40Ar/39Ar age determinations","docAbstract":"The youngest major caldera-forming event at Yellowstone was the ~ 630-ka eruption of the Lava Creek Tuff. The tuff as mapped consists of two major ignimbrite packages (members A and B), linked to widespread coeval fall deposits and formation of the Yellowstone Caldera. Subsequent activity included emplacement of numerous rhyolite flows and domes, and development of two structurally resurgent domes (Mallard Lake and Sour Creek) that accommodate strain due to continual uplift/subsidence cycles. Uplifted lithologies previously mapped on and adjacent to Sour Creek dome were thought to include the ~ 2.08-Ma Huckleberry Ridge Tuff, cropping out beneath Lava Creek Tuff members A and B. Mapped outcrops of this Huckleberry Ridge Tuff material were sampled as welded ignimbrite (sample YR345) on Sour Creek dome, and at nearby Bog Creek as welded ignimbrite (YR311) underlain by an indurated lithic lag breccia containing blocks of another welded ignimbrite (YR324). Zircon near-rim U–Pb analyses from these samples yield weighted mean ages of 661 ± 13 ka (YR345: 95% confidence), 655 ± 11 ka (YR311), and 664 ± 15 ka (YR324) (combined weighted mean of 658.8 ± 6.6 ka). We also studied two samples of ignimbrite previously mapped as Huckleberry Ridge Tuff on the northeastern perimeter of the Yellowstone Caldera, ~ 12 km ENE of Sour Creek dome. Sanidines from these samples yield 40Ar/39Ar age estimates of 634.5 ± 6.8 ka (8YC-358) and 630.9 ± 4.1 ka (8YC-359). These age data show that all these units represent previously unrecognized parts of the Lava Creek Tuff and do not have any relationship to the Huckleberry Ridge Tuff. Our observations and data imply that the Lava Creek eruption was more complex than is currently assumed, incorporating two tuff units additional to those currently mapped, and which themselves are separated by a time break sufficient for cooling and some reworking. The presence of a lag breccia suggests that a source vent lay nearby (< ~ 3 km) for some of the tuffs and that the Yellowstone Caldera boundary in this area could be reconsidered.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-018-1229-x","usgsCitation":"Wilson, C.J., Stelten, M.E., and Lowenstern, J.B., 2018, Contrasting perspectives on the Lava Creek Tuff eruption, Yellowstone, from new U–Pb and 40Ar/39Ar age determinations: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 80, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-018-1229-x.","productDescription":"Article 53; 12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-092255","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354684,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.50804138183594,\n 44.58239829130994\n ],\n [\n -110.24471282958984,\n 44.58239829130994\n ],\n [\n -110.24471282958984,\n 44.75892378350202\n ],\n [\n -110.50804138183594,\n 44.75892378350202\n ],\n [\n -110.50804138183594,\n 44.58239829130994\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-05-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b155d6ee4b092d9651e1ada","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Colin J. N.","contributorId":202865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"J. N.","affiliations":[{"id":36540,"text":"Victoria University, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":737107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stelten, Mark E. 0000-0002-5294-3161 mstelten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5294-3161","contributorId":145923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stelten","given":"Mark","email":"mstelten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197429,"text":"70197429 - 2018 - Coastal wetland adaptation to sea level rise: Quantifying potential for landward migration and coastal squeeze","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T17:02:56","indexId":"70197429","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal wetland adaptation to sea level rise: Quantifying potential for landward migration and coastal squeeze","docAbstract":"Use of agricultural subsurface drainage systems in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America continues to increase, prompting concerns over potential negative effects to the Region's vital wetlands. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service protects a large number of wetlands through conservation easements that often utilize standard lateral setback distances to provide buffers between wetlands and drainage systems. Because of a lack of information pertaining to the efficacy of these setback distances for protecting wetlands, information is required to support the decision making for placement of subsurface drainage systems adjacent to wetlands. We used qualitative graphical analyses and data comparisons to identify characteristics of subsurface drainage systems and wetland catchments that could be considered when assessing setback distances. We also compared setback distances with catchment slope lengths to determine if they typically exclude drainage systems from the catchment. We demonstrated that depth of a subsurface drainage system is a key factor for determining drainage setback distances. Drainage systems located closer to the surface (shallow) typically could be associated with shorter lateral setback distances compared with deeper systems. Subsurface drainage systems would be allowed within a wetland's catchment for 44–59% of catchments associated with wetland conservation easements in North Dakota. More specifically, results suggest that drainage setback distances generally would exclude drainage systems from catchments of the smaller wetlands that typically have shorter slopes in the adjacent upland contributing area. For larger wetlands, however, considerable areas of the catchment would be vulnerable to drainage that may affect wetland hydrology. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service easements are associated with > 2,000 km2 of wetlands in North Dakota, demonstrating great potential to protect these systems from drainage depending on policies for installing subsurface drainage systems on these lands. The length of slope of individual catchments and depth of subsurface drainage systems could be considered when prescribing drainage setback distances and assessing potential effects to wetland hydrology. Moreover, because of uncertainties associated with the efficacy of standard drainage setback distances, exclusion of subsurface drainage systems from wetland catchments would be ideal when the goal is to protect wetlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3996/092017-JFWM-076","usgsCitation":"Tangen, B., and Wiltermuth, M.T., 2018, Prairie Pothole Region wetlands and subsurface drainage systems: Key factors for determining drainage setback distances: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 9, no. 1, p. 274-284, https://doi.org/10.3996/092017-JFWM-076.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"274","endPage":"284","ipdsId":"IP-090587","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460905,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/092017-jfwm-076","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437879,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F72806H6","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Conservation easements in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota: characteristics of wetland catchments and key factors for determination of drainage setback distances"},{"id":354683,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b155d6ce4b092d9651e1ad8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tangen, Brian 0000-0001-5157-9882 btangen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5157-9882","contributorId":167277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tangen","given":"Brian","email":"btangen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiltermuth, Mark T. 0000-0002-8871-2816 mwiltermuth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8871-2816","contributorId":708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiltermuth","given":"Mark","email":"mwiltermuth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70198525,"text":"70198525 - 2018 - An objective road risk assessment method for multiple species: ranking 166 reptiles and amphibians in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-06T16:51:31","indexId":"70198525","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-01T16:51:25","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An objective road risk assessment method for multiple species: ranking 166 reptiles and amphibians in California","docAbstract":"Context
Transportation and wildlife agencies may consider the need for barrier structures and safe wildlife road-crossings to maintain the long-term viability of wildlife populations. In order to prioritize these efforts, it is important to identify species that are most at risk of extirpation from road-related impacts.
Purpose
Our goal was to identify reptiles and amphibians in California most susceptible to road mortality and fragmentation. With over 160 species and a lack of species-specific research data, we developed an objective risk assessment method based upon road ecology science.
Methods
Risk scoring was based upon a suite of life history and space-use characteristics associated with negative road effects applied in a hierarchical manner from individuals to species. We evaluated risk to both aquatic and terrestrial connectivity and calculated buffer distances to encompass 95% of population-level movements. We ranked species into five relative categories of road-related risk (very-high to very-low) based upon 20% increments of all species scores.
Results
All chelonids, 72% of snakes, 50% of anurans, 18% of lizards and 17% of salamander species in California were ranked at high or very-high risk from negative road impacts. Results were largely consistent with local and global scientific literature in identifying high risk species and groups.
Conclusions
This comparative risk assessment method provides a science-based framework to identify species most susceptible to negative road impacts. The results can inform regional-scale road mitigation planning and prioritization efforts and threat assessments for special-status species. We believe this approach is applicable to numerous landscapes and taxonomic groups.
Cropland fallows are the next best-bet for intensification and extensification, leading to increased food production and adding to the nutritional basket. The agronomical suitability of these lands can decide the extent of usage of these lands. Myanmar’s agricultural land (over 13.8 Mha) has the potential to expand by another 50% into additional fallow areas. These areas may be used to grow short-duration pulses, which are economically important and nutritionally rich, and constitute the diets of millions of people as well as provide an important source of livestock feed throughout Asia. Intensifying rice fallows will not only improve the productivity of the land but also increase the income of the smallholder farmers. The enhanced cultivation of pulses will help improve nutritional security in Myanmar and also help conserve natural resources and reduce environmental degradation. The objectives of this study was to use remote sensing methods to identify croplands in Myanmar and cropland fallow areas in two important agro-ecological regions, delta and coastal region and the dry zone. The study used moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) 250-m, 16-day normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) maximum value composite (MVC), and land surface water index (LSWI) for one 1 year (1 June 2012–31 May 2013) along with seasonal field-plot level information and spectral matching techniques to derive croplands versus cropland fallows for each of the three seasons: the monsoon period between June and October; winter period between November and February; and summer period between March and May. The study showed that Myanmar had total net cropland area (TNCA) of 13.8 Mha. Cropland fallows during the monsoon season account for a meagre 2.4% of TNCA. However, in the winter season, 56.5% of TNCA (or 7.8 Mha) were classified as cropland fallows and during the summer season, 82.7% of TNCA (11.4 Mha) were cropland fallows. The producer’s accuracy of the cropland fallow class varied between 92 and 98% (errors of omission of 2 to 8%) and user’s accuracy varied between 82 and 92% (errors of commission of 8 to 18%) for winter and summer, respectively. Overall, the study estimated 19.2 Mha cropland fallows from the two major seasons (winter and summer). Out of this, 10.08 Mha has sufficient moisture (either from rainfall or stored soil water content) to grow short-season pulse crops. This potential with an estimated income of US\\$ 300 per hectare, if exploited sustainably, is estimated to bring an additional net income of about US\\$ 1.5 billion to Myanmar per year if at least half (5.04 Mha) of the total cropland fallows (10.08 Mha) is covered with short season pulses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/15481603.2018.1482855","usgsCitation":"Gumma, M.K., Thenkabail, P.S., Deevi, K.C., Mohammed, I.A., Teluguntla, P., Oliphant, A., Xiong, J., Aye, T., and Whittbread, A.M., 2018, Mapping cropland fallow areas in myanmar to scale up sustainable intensification of pulse crops in the farming system: GIScience and Remote Sensing, v. 55, no. 6, p. 926-949, https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2018.1482855.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"926","endPage":"949","ipdsId":"IP-090232","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/af467f4589c54fb88c59701ee82b602f","text":"External 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scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-27T16:19:30","indexId":"70198933","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-01T16:19:18","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2863,"text":"New Phytologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Science at the frontier: Multimethod research to evaluate ecosystem change across multiple scales","docAbstract":"Changes in the Earth system occur across the full spectrum of spatial and temporal scales, yet our research approaches to understanding and predicting those changes are typically restricted to a pre-defined window of space and time. For this reason, there is substantial power in integrating different approaches, particularly for research associated with the multifaceted nature of ecosystem responses to global change. Within a given research approach – for example, remote sensing, field experimentation, modeling – science promotes the continued advancement of tools and techniques. As technical advancements continue at an unprecedented rate, new opportunities for integrated, multi-approach research emerge, which could more effectively capture the mechanisms and patterns that drive ecosystem structure and function. A capacity to move beyond comparison and into the realm of integration shows promise for promoting significant advances in Earth system science, as evidenced by the Organized Session Science at the Frontier: Using Multimethod Research to Create New Knowledge and Assess Tools Across Spatial and Temporal Scales on December 12, 2017 at the Fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union in New Orleans, Louisiana.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/nph.15195","usgsCitation":"Tucker, C., Yan, D., Reed, S.C., Dannenberg, M., and Smith, W., 2018, Science at the frontier: Multimethod research to evaluate ecosystem change across multiple scales: New Phytologist, v. 218, no. 4, p. 1318-1320, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15195.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1318","endPage":"1320","ipdsId":"IP-094934","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15195","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356813,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"218","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-05-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a2b0e4b0702d0e842fbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tucker, Colin 0000-0002-4539-7780 ctucker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4539-7780","contributorId":207299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Colin","email":"ctucker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yan, Dong","contributorId":207300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yan","given":"Dong","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37515,"text":"University of Arizona School of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":743481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dannenberg, Matthew","contributorId":207301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dannenberg","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":37515,"text":"University of Arizona School of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":743482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, William","contributorId":207337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70200763,"text":"70200763 - 2018 - Fire and invasive plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T10:24:22","indexId":"70200763","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-01T15:59:35","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Fire and invasive plants","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire in California's ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","isbn":"9780520286832","usgsCitation":"Klinger, R.C., Brooks, M.L., and Randall, J.M., 2018, Fire and invasive plants, chap. of Fire in California's ecosystems, p. 459-476.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"459","endPage":"476","ipdsId":"IP-076469","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359472,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":358999,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520286832/fire-in-californias-ecosystems"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","edition":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bee93e6e4b08f163c24a1c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klinger, Robert C. 0000-0003-3193-3199 rcklinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3193-3199","contributorId":5395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klinger","given":"Robert","email":"rcklinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Randall, John M.","contributorId":210310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Randall","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70196185,"text":"70196185 - 2018 - Movement patterns of California brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis californicus) following oiling and rehabilitation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-30T15:51:06","indexId":"70196185","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-01T15:50:58","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Movement patterns of California brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis californicus) following oiling and rehabilitation","title":"Movement patterns of California brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis californicus) following oiling and rehabilitation","docAbstract":"Direct mortality of wildlife is generally used to quantify the damage caused by pollution events. However, free-ranging wildlife that survive initial exposure to pollutants may also experience long-term consequences. Individuals that are rehabilitated following oil exposure have a known history of oiling and provide a useful study population for understanding behavior following pollution events. We GPS-tracked 12 rehabilitated brown pelicans and compared their movements to those of eight non-oiled, non-rehabilitated controls over 87–707 (mean = 271) days. Rehabilitated pelicans traveled farther, spent more time in long-distance movements, and occupied more productive waters than controls. These differences were more apparent among females than males. Rehabilitated pelicans also visited breeding colonies and nest sites at lower rates than controls. Our results indicate that, although rehabilitated pelicans undertake long-distance movements, they may display increased dispersion and reduced breeding investment, particularly among females. Such behavioral changes could have long-term effects on populations.
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Two synergistic efforts identify specific priority variables for monitoring: Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) through the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), and Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) from the Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON). Both systems support reporting against internationally agreed conventions and treaties. GOOS, established under the auspices of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), plays a leading role in coordinating global monitoring of the ocean and in the definition of EOVs. GEO BON is a global biodiversity observation network that coordinates observations to enhance management of the world’s biodiversity and promote both the awareness and accounting of ecosystem services. 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Recent and forthcoming advances in climate predictability may offer novel opportunities, but capitalizing on these opportunities will require focusing scientific research on understanding the links between climate and ecological responses over multiple timescales, fostering programmatic links among science and management agencies, and developing new and flexible decision‐making frameworks. Anticipating short‐ to near‐term climate conditions can help managers mitigate land degradation driven by unfavorable conditions and promote actions that make the most of favorable conditions. Similarly, anticipating long‐term, multidecadal climate trajectories can help managers to identify those species and communities that are most likely to remain viable throughout the 21st century. A focus on “anticipatory science and management” could substantially bolster natural resource planning and management but will require long‐term investment and widespread adoption.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/fee.1806","usgsCitation":"Bradford, J.B., Betancourt, J.L., Butterfield, B.J., Munson, S.M., and Wood, T.E., 2018, Anticipatory natural resource science and management for a changing future: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 16, no. 5, p. 295-303, https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1806.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"303","ipdsId":"IP-085056","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382901,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Butterfield, Bradley J. 0000-0003-0974-9811","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0974-9811","contributorId":167009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butterfield","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24591,"text":"Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wood, Troy E. 0000-0002-1533-5714 twood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1533-5714","contributorId":4023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Troy","email":"twood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70198429,"text":"70198429 - 2018 - Factors affecting nesting ecology of Apalone spinifera in a northwestern Great Plains river of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-06T14:41:08","indexId":"70198429","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-01T14:40:40","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1210,"text":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Factors affecting nesting ecology of Apalone spinifera in a northwestern Great Plains river of the United States","title":"Factors affecting nesting ecology of Apalone spinifera in a northwestern Great Plains river of the United States","docAbstract":"The nesting ecology of Apalone spinifera in large North American rivers is largely unknown despite the wide distribution of the species in these naturally dynamic ecosystems. We describe the nesting locations, timing, behavior, and habitat of A. spinifera in relation to natural and anthropogenic factors in the Missouri River. Nesting followed annual peak river stage, mostly occurred in the afternoon when air temperatures were 25°–30°C, and did not occur when human activity was nearby. Apalone spinifera nested in June in a year with average discharge (2012), but nested 20 d later in a year with a large flood event (2011). During the average discharge year, 90% of nests were found on islands, but similar proportions of nests were found on island and mainland habitats during the flood year because many islands were inundated. Nests were mostly in mixed-gravel substrates where vegetation cover was sparse or absent. Depredation occurred only after the emergence of hatchlings (∼ 60 d after nesting) and more often on nests on the mainland than on islands. Emergence rates were ∼ 1.5 times higher in the average year than the flood year, and emergence rates were higher in mixed-gravel nests than in pure-sand nests in 2011. In artificial nests, incubation temperatures averaged ∼ 4.3°C higher in mixed-gravel than in sand substrates, and freezing temperatures in winter penetrated to depths greater than the mean egg chamber depth (7.5 cm) for up to 3 wks. Therefore, incubation might be accelerated in mixed-gravel substrates. Accelerated incubation would enhance reproductive success because freezing temperatures preclude hatchlings from overwintering in nests in our study area. Mountain snowmelt-driven hydrology, coupled with the onset of freezing temperatures in autumn, might create a temporal “runoff-freeze squeeze” that limits the successful reproduction of A. spiniferain some years. However, high runoff also scoured vegetation from shorelines where A. spiniferanested in subsequent years. Natural variation in annual discharge might therefore be crucial to conservation of A. spinifera in large rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Chelonian Research Foundation","doi":"10.2744/CCB-1298.1","usgsCitation":"Tornabene, B., Bramblett, R.G., Zale, A.V., and Leathe, S.A., 2018, Factors affecting nesting ecology of Apalone spinifera in a northwestern Great Plains river of the United States: Chelonian Conservation and Biology, v. 17, no. 1, p. 63-77, https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1298.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"77","ipdsId":"IP-087230","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2744/ccb-1298.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fc442e4b0f5d57878ea2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tornabene, Brian J.","contributorId":200041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tornabene","given":"Brian J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bramblett, Robert G.","contributorId":169857,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bramblett","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5098,"text":"Department of Ecology, Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zale, Alexander V. 0000-0003-1703-885X zale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1703-885X","contributorId":3010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zale","given":"Alexander","email":"zale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leathe, Stephen A.","contributorId":200042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leathe","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70199947,"text":"70199947 - 2018 - Automated extraction of surface water extent from Sentinel-1 data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T14:32:53","indexId":"70199947","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-01T14:32:45","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Automated extraction of surface water extent from Sentinel-1 data","docAbstract":"Accurately quantifying surface water extent in wetlands is critical to understanding their role in ecosystem processes. However, current regional- to global-scale surface water products lack the spatial or temporal resolution necessary to characterize heterogeneous or variable wetlands. Here, we proposed a fully automatic classification tree approach to classify surface water extent using Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data and training datasets derived from prior class masks. Prior classes of water and non-water were generated from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) water body dataset (SWBD) or composited dynamic surface water extent (cDSWE) class probabilities. Classification maps of water and non-water were derived over two distinct wetlandscapes: the Delmarva Peninsula and the Prairie Pothole Region. Overall classification accuracy ranged from 79% to 93% when compared to high-resolution images in the Prairie Pothole Region site. Using cDSWE class probabilities reduced omission errors among water bodies by 10% and commission errors among non-water class by 4% when compared with results generated by using the SWBD water mask. These findings indicate that including prior water masks that reflect the dynamics in surface water extent (i.e., cDSWE) is important for the accurate mapping of water bodies using SAR data.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs10050797","usgsCitation":"Huang, W., DeVries, B., Huang, C., Lang, M.W., Jones, J., Creed, I., and Carroll, M.L., 2018, Automated extraction of surface water extent from Sentinel-1 data: Remote Sensing, v. 10, no. 5, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10050797.","productDescription":"Article 797; 18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","ipdsId":"IP-095856","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10050797","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358186,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02fe4e4b0fc368eb5399d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huang, Wenli 0000-0001-9608-1690","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9608-1690","contributorId":198973,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Wenli","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7261,"text":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":747418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeVries, Ben 0000-0003-2136-3401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2136-3401","contributorId":198971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeVries","given":"Ben","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7261,"text":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":747419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huang, Chengquan 0000-0003-0055-9798","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0055-9798","contributorId":198972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Chengquan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7261,"text":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":747420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lang, Megan W.","contributorId":196284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lang","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":747421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jones, John 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Creed, Irena F.","contributorId":81209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Creed","given":"Irena F.","affiliations":[{"id":27655,"text":"Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":747422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Carroll, Mark L.","contributorId":145826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carroll","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7239,"text":"Science Systems and Applications, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":16247,"text":"Sigma Space Corp, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":16246,"text":"Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":747423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70200776,"text":"70200776 - 2018 - Cumulative spring discharge and survey effort influence occupancy and detection of a threatened freshwater mussel, the Suwannee Moccasinshell","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T14:24:23","indexId":"70200776","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-01T14:24:15","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cumulative spring discharge and survey effort influence occupancy and detection of a threatened freshwater mussel, the Suwannee Moccasinshell","docAbstract":"Freshwater mussels (Unionidae) are among the most imperiled groups of organisms in the world, and the lack of information regarding species distributions, life-history characteristics, and ecological and biological requirements may limit the protection of remaining mussel populations. We examined the influence of hydrologic factors on the occurrence of the Suwannee Moccasinshell Medionidus walkeri, a federally threatened freshwater mussel species, endemic to the Suwannee River Basin in Georgia and Florida. We also evaluated the influence of survey effort on detection of Suwannee Moccasinshell during field surveys. We compiled all recent (2013–2016) mussel survey records in the Suwannee River Basin. We calculated cumulative discharge contributed by upstream springs for each of 220 survey locations. We combined the spring discharge predictor variable with Suwannee Moccasinshell detection and nondetection data from each survey location to develop a suite of occupancy models. Modeling results indicated that detection of Suwannee Moccasinshell during surveys was strongly and positively related to survey effort. Modeling results also indicated that sites with cumulative spring discharge inputs exceeding ∼28 cubic meters per second were most likely (i.e., predicted occupancy probabilities >0.5) to support Suwannee Moccasinshell populations. However, occupancy declined in the lowermost reaches of the Suwannee mainstem despite high spring discharge inputs, presumably due to greater tidal influences and differences in physicochemical habitat conditions. Historical localities where Suwannee Moccasinshell has presumably been extirpated are all devoid of springs in their upstream watersheds. We hypothesize that springs may buffer extremely tannic, and at times polluted, surface waters, in addition to maintaining adequate flows during periods of drought, thereby promoting the persistence of Suwannee Moccasinshell populations. Our study suggests that springs are a critical resource for Suwannee Moccasinshell and may be more important for conservation planning than was previously recognized.
","language":"English","publisher":"Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3996/052017-JFWM-042","usgsCitation":"Holcomb, J.M., Shea, C.P., and Johnson, N.A., 2018, Cumulative spring discharge and survey effort influence occupancy and detection of a threatened freshwater mussel, the Suwannee Moccasinshell: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 9, no. 1, p. 95-105, https://doi.org/10.3996/052017-JFWM-042.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"105","ipdsId":"IP-079957","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468695,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/052017-jfwm-042","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7VX0DPM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Cumulative spring discharge and survey effort influence threatened Suwannee moccasinshell, Medionidus walkeri, occupancy and detection"},{"id":359046,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Suwannee River Basin","volume":"9","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a9aae4b034bf6a7e53ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holcomb, Jordan M.","contributorId":210321,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holcomb","given":"Jordan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12556,"text":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shea, Colin P.","contributorId":140147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shea","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13267,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Nathan A. 0000-0001-5167-1988 najohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5167-1988","contributorId":4175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nathan","email":"najohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198681,"text":"70198681 - 2018 - Infection by Nanophyetus salmincola and toxic contaminant exposure in out‐migrating steelhead from Puget Sound, Washington: Implications for early marine survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T14:24:15","indexId":"70198681","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-01T14:19:38","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infection by Nanophyetus salmincola and toxic contaminant exposure in out‐migrating steelhead from Puget Sound, Washington: Implications for early marine survival","docAbstract":"Out‐migrating steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss from four Puget Sound rivers and associated marine basins of Puget Sound in Washington State were examined for the parasite, Nanophyetus salmincola in 2014 to determine whether recent trends in reduced marine survival are associated with the presence of this pathogen. A subset of steelhead from three of these river–marine basin combinations was analyzed for the presence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to assess whether exposure to these contaminants is a contributing factor to their reduced marine survival. The prevalence and parasite load of N. salmincola were significantly higher in fish from central and southern Puget Sound than in fish from river systems in northern Puget Sound. The proportion of steelhead samples with concentrations of POPs higher than adverse effects thresholds (AETs) or concentrations known to cause adverse effects was also greater in fish from the central and southern regions of Puget Sound than in those from the northern region. Polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations associated with increased disease susceptibility were observed in 10% and 40% of the steelhead sampled from central and southern Puget Sound regions, respectively, but in none of the fish sampled from the northern region. The AET for polychlorinated biphenyls was exceeded in steelhead collected from marine habitats: 25% of the samples from the marine basins in the central and southern regions of Puget Sound and 17% of samples from northern Puget Sound region. Both N. salmincola and POP levels suggest there are adverse health effects on out‐migrating steelhead from one southern and one central Puget Sound river that have lower early marine survival than those from a river system in northern Puget Sound.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/aah.10017","usgsCitation":"Chen, M., O’Neill, S.M., Carey, A.J., Conrad, R.H., Stewart, B., Snekvik, K., Ylitalo, G., and Hershberger, P., 2018, Infection by Nanophyetus salmincola and toxic contaminant exposure in out‐migrating steelhead from Puget Sound, Washington: Implications for early marine survival: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 30, no. 2, p. 103-118, https://doi.org/10.1002/aah.10017.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"118","ipdsId":"IP-086654","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aah.10017","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356523,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.4588623046875,\n 46.912750956378915\n ],\n [\n -121.431884765625,\n 46.912750956378915\n ],\n [\n -121.431884765625,\n 48.84302835299516\n ],\n [\n -123.4588623046875,\n 48.84302835299516\n ],\n [\n -123.4588623046875,\n 46.912750956378915\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-04-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a2bae4b0702d0e842fc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, M.F.","contributorId":182025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neill, S. M.","contributorId":207051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Neill","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37440,"text":"Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N., Olympia, WA 98501","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carey, A. J.","contributorId":207052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carey","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37440,"text":"Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N., Olympia, WA 98501","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conrad, R. H.","contributorId":207053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conrad","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37441,"text":"Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission, 6370 Martin Way E., Olympia, WA 98670","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stewart, B.A.","contributorId":207054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[{"id":37441,"text":"Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission, 6370 Martin Way E., Olympia, WA 98670","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Snekvik, K. R.","contributorId":207055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snekvik","given":"K. R.","affiliations":[{"id":37442,"text":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ylitalo, G. M.","contributorId":207056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ylitalo","given":"G. M.","affiliations":[{"id":37443,"text":"Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard E., Seattle, WA 98112 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hershberger, Paul 0000-0002-2261-7760 phershberger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7760","contributorId":150816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"Paul","email":"phershberger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70198915,"text":"70198915 - 2018 - Genetic mark–recapture improves estimates of maternity colony size for Indiana bats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-27T14:02:29","indexId":"70198915","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-01T14:02:22","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic mark–recapture improves estimates of maternity colony size for Indiana bats","docAbstract":"Genetic mark–recapture methods are increasingly being used to estimate demographic parameters in species where traditional techniques are problematic or imprecise. The federally endangered Indiana bat Myotis sodalis has declined dramatically and threats such as white-nose syndrome continue to afflict this species. To date, important demographic information for Indiana bats has been difficult to estimate precisely using traditional techniques such as emergence counts. Successful management and protection of Indiana bats requires better methods to estimate population sizes and survival rates throughout the year, particularly during summer when these bats reproduce and are widely dispersed away from their winter hibernacula. In addition, the familial makeup of maternity colonies is unknown, yet important for understanding local and regional population dynamics. We had four objectives in this study. For the first two objectives we investigated the potential use of DNA from fecal samples (fecal DNA) collected at roosts to obtain genetically based mark–recapture estimates of 1) colony size and 2) survival rates, for an Indiana bat maternity colony in Indianapolis, Indiana. The third objective was to compare our genetically based colony-size estimates with emergence counts conducted at the same roost tree to evaluate the genetic mark–recapture method. Our fourth objective was to use fecal DNA to estimate levels of relatedness among individuals sampled at the roost. In the summer of 2008, we collected fecal pellets and conducted emergence counts at a prominent roost tree during three time periods each lasting 7 or 8 d. We genotyped fecal DNA using five highly polymorphic microsatellite loci to identify individuals and used a robust-design mark–recapture approach to estimate survival rates as well as colony size at the roost tree. Emergence count estimates at the roost tree ranged from 100 to 215, whereas genetic mark–recapture estimates were higher, ranging from 122 to 266 and more precise. Apparent survival was 0.994 (SE = 0.04) between sampling periods suggesting that few bats died or permanently emigrated during the course of the study. Relatedness estimates, r, between all pairs of individuals averaged 0.055 ranging from 0 to 0.779, indicating that most individuals were not closely related. We demonstrate here the promise of using fecal DNA to estimate demographic information for Indiana bats and potentially other bat species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3996/122016-JFWM-093","usgsCitation":"Oyler-McCance, S.J., Fike, J., Lukacs, P.M., Sparks, D.W., O’Shea, T.J., and Whitaker, J.O., 2018, Genetic mark–recapture improves estimates of maternity colony size for Indiana bats: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 9, no. 1, p. 25-35, https://doi.org/10.3996/122016-JFWM-093.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-080507","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460907,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/122016-jfwm-093","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F728063T","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Indiana Bat fecal DNA study, Indianapolis, IN Summer 2008"},{"id":356793,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a2bae4b0702d0e842fc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oyler-McCance, Sara J. 0000-0003-1599-8769 sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-8769","contributorId":1973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"Sara","email":"sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fike, Jennifer A. 0000-0001-8797-7823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-7823","contributorId":207268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fike","given":"Jennifer A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lukacs, Paul M.","contributorId":207269,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lukacs","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":743404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sparks, Dale W.","contributorId":171601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sparks","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Shea, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":207270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Shea","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Whitaker, John O. Jr.","contributorId":207271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitaker","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":17777,"text":"Indiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":743407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70201608,"text":"70201608 - 2018 - Long-term effects of fire and harvest on carbon stocks of boreal forests in northeastern China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-18T14:00:07","indexId":"70201608","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-01T14:00:18","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":792,"text":"Annals of Forest Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term effects of fire and harvest on carbon stocks of boreal forests in northeastern China","docAbstract":"Context
Boreal forests represent about one third of forest area and one third of forest carbon stocks on the Earth. Carbon stocks of boreal forests are sensitive to climate change, natural disturbances, and human activities.
Aims
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of fire, harvest, and their spatial interactions on boreal forest carbon stocks of northeastern China.
Methods
We used a coupled forest landscape model (LANDIS PRO) and a forest ecosystem model (LINKAGES) framework to simulate the landscape-level effects of fire, harvest, and their spatial interactions over 150 years.
Results
Our simulation suggested that aboveground carbon and soil organic carbon are significantly reduced by fire and harvest over the whole simulation period. The long-term effects of fire and harvest on carbon stocks were greater than the short-term effects. The combined effects of fire and harvest on carbon stocks are less than the sum of the separate effects of fire and harvest. The response of carbon stocks was impacted by the spatial variability of fire and harvest regimes.
Conclusion
These results emphasize that the spatial interactions of fire and harvest play an important role in regulating boreal forest carbon stocks.
Annual productivity is an important parameter for the management of waterfowl populations. Fall age ratio (juveniles:total birds) is an index of productivity of the preceding breeding season. However, differences in the timing of migration between family groups and nonbreeding birds may bias age-ratio estimates. We examined temporal variation in age ratios of midcontinent greater white-fronted geese Anser albifrons frontalis from interior and northwestern Alaska at a northern autumn staging area near Delta Junction, Alaska. Photographic sampling conducted near Delta Junction resulted in an annual age ratio of 0.388 ± 0.004 (mean ± SE) in 2010 and 0.390 ± 0.001 in 2011. Our study demonstrated temporal variation in age ratios over the duration of the migration period during August and September. We recommend that sampling be conducted for 3-d periods at the beginning, middle, and end of the migration period to account for temporal variation in migration of family groups.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3996/112015-JFWM-117","usgsCitation":"Schock, W.G., Fischer, J., Ely, C.R., Stehn, R.A., Welker, J.M., and Causey, D., 2018, Variation in age ratio of midcontinent greater white-fronted geese during fall migration: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 9, no. 1, p. 340-347, https://doi.org/10.3996/112015-JFWM-117.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"340","endPage":"347","ipdsId":"IP-082512","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/112015-jfwm-117","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356516,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a2bae4b0702d0e842fc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schock, Wade G.","contributorId":207040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schock","given":"Wade","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36971,"text":"University of Alaska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, Julian B.","contributorId":207042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fischer","given":"Julian B.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stehn, Robert A.","contributorId":83986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehn","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Welker, Jeffery M.","contributorId":43654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welker","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Causey, Douglas","contributorId":207041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Causey","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36971,"text":"University of Alaska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70198414,"text":"70198414 - 2018 - Spatial and temporal patterns in population trends and burrow usage of burrowing owls in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-06T10:45:33","indexId":"70198414","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-01T13:46:23","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal patterns in population trends and burrow usage of burrowing owls in North America","docAbstract":"Many researchers have suggested that abundance of Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia) has declined in many portions of their breeding range, but a thorough review of their population trends over time is lacking. Published population trends from the North American Breeding Bird Survey program suggested that Burrowing Owl populations in the US have declined over the past 60 yr, but the declines were not considered significant until 2014. However, accurate trend estimates and the statistical significance of those estimates were hampered by low relative abundance of owls. Moreover, many authors have suggested that eradication of burrowing animals is a major cause of Burrowing Owl declines, because burrows dug by burrowing animals are a critical resource for Western Burrowing Owls (A. cunicularia hypugaea). Despite this, we currently lack a range-wide summary of the burrowing animals on which Western Burrowing Owls depend. To help fill these two information gaps, my objectives were to: (1) use Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data to examine geographic patterns in population trends of Burrowing Owls throughout their breeding range in the USA, and (2) use past studies to provide the first summary of the spatial extent to which Western Burrowing Owls rely on the suite of burrowing animals throughout their breeding range. Significantly more BBS routes in the US show declining counts of owls than show increasing or stable counts, and the declines were most apparent prior to 1995. Counts of Burrowing Owls declined most precipitously on the northern edge and southern edge of the owl's US breeding range. Western Burrowing Owls primarily use black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) burrows in the eastern portion of their breeding range, whereas the diversity of burrowing species on which the owls depend is much greater in the western and central portions of their breeding range. Burrowing owl declines have been most apparent in portions of their range where they rely primarily on Richardson's ground squirrels (Urocitellus richardsonii), California ground squirrels (Otospermophilus beecheyi), black-tailed prairie dogs, and American badgers (Taxidea taxus).
","language":"English","publisher":"The Raptor Research Foundation","doi":"10.3356/JRR-16-109.1","collaboration":"University of Idaho","usgsCitation":"Conway, C.J., 2018, Spatial and temporal patterns in population trends and burrow usage of burrowing owls in North America: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 52, no. 2, p. 129-142, https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-16-109.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"142","ipdsId":"IP-082315","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr-16-109.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fc442e4b0f5d57878ea31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70198638,"text":"70198638 - 2018 - Three-dimensional modeling of fine sediment transport by waves and currents in a shallow estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-14T13:46:02","indexId":"70198638","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-01T13:45:56","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional modeling of fine sediment transport by waves and currents in a shallow estuary","docAbstract":"A suspended sediment transport model is implemented in the unstructured‐grid SUNTANS model and applied to study fine‐grained sediment transport in South San Francisco Bay. The model enables calculation of suspension of bottom sediment based on combined forcing of tidal currents and wind waves. We show that accurate results can be obtained by employing two‐size classes which are representative of microflocs and macroflocs in the Bay. A key finding of the paper is that the critical calibration parameter is the ratio of the erosion of the microflocs to macroflocs from the bed. Different values of this erosion ratio are needed on the shallow shoals and deeper channels because of the different nature of the sediment dynamics in these regions. Application of a spatially variable erosion ratio and critical shear stress for erosion is shown to accurately reproduce observed suspended sediment concentration at four‐field sites located along a cross‐channel transect. The results reveal a stark contrast between the behavior of the suspended sediment concentration on the shoals and in the deep channel. Waves are shown to resuspend sediments on the shoals, although tidal and wind‐generated currents are needed to mix the thin wave‐driven suspensions into the water column. The contribution to the suspended sediment concentration in the channel by transport from the shoals is similar in magnitude to that due to local resuspension. However, the local contribution is in phase with strong bottom currents which resuspend the sediments, while the contribution from the shoals peaks during low‐water slack tide.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2017JC013064","usgsCitation":"Chou, Y., Nelson, K.S., Holleman, R.C., Fringer, O.B., Stacey, M.T., Lacy, J.R., Monismith, S.G., and Koseff, J.R., 2018, Three-dimensional modeling of fine sediment transport by waves and currents in a shallow estuary: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 123, no. 6, p. 4177-4199, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JC013064.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"4177","endPage":"4199","ipdsId":"IP-087057","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2017jc013064","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356440,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.12103271484375,\n 37.4\n ],\n [\n -121.5,\n 37.4\n ],\n [\n -121.5,\n 38.4\n ],\n [\n -123.12103271484375,\n 38.4\n ],\n [\n -123.12103271484375,\n 37.4\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"123","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a2bae4b0702d0e842fc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, Yi-Ju","contributorId":206951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"Yi-Ju","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":30216,"text":"National Taiwan University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Kurt S.","contributorId":206952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Kurt","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holleman, Rusty C.","contributorId":206953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holleman","given":"Rusty","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12703,"text":"San Francisco Estuary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fringer, Oliver B.","contributorId":206954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fringer","given":"Oliver","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stacey, Mark T.","contributorId":206955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stacey","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lacy, Jessica R. 0000-0002-2797-6172","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-6172","contributorId":201703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Monismith, Stephen G.","contributorId":196322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monismith","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Koseff, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":37915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koseff","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70226900,"text":"70226900 - 2018 - Benthic foraminifera from the Carnarvon Ramp reveal variability in Leeuwin Current activity (Western Australia) since the Pliocene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-13T16:21:50.969344","indexId":"70226900","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-01T13:02:46","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Benthic foraminifera from the Carnarvon Ramp reveal variability in Leeuwin Current activity (Western Australia) since the Pliocene","docAbstract":"Benthic foraminiferal assemblages from a ~300 m deep core from an outer carbonate-ramp site off Western Australia (International Ocean Discovery Program Core U1460A) were examined to reconstruct the paleoceanographic evolution of the Carnarvon Ramp and the warm surficial Leeuwin Current (LC) for the last 3.54 Ma. Of the identified 179 benthic foraminiferal species, occurrences of the 15 most abundant taxa were assessed using Q-mode Cluster Analysis and Non-Metric Dimensional Scaling. Diversity, equitability, planktonic/benthic index, microhabitat preference, and sedimentary parameters such as lithology and sponge spicule content were analyzed to gather information about past intermediate- and surface-water circulation. Relative abundances of infaunal and epifaunal species were applied to indicate changes in organic-matter supply and oxygenation at the sea floor.
Influence of upwelling was recognized by a high infaunal species ratio, with dominance by Uvigerina peregrina, Lagena annellatrachia and Trifarina bradyi. Epifaunal species such as Hanzawaia nipponica and Hyalinea florenceae gradually became more abundant around 1.14 Ma, indicating increased ventilation and establishment of the paleo-LC. A more substantial change was initiated by 0.91 Ma as marked by key species Spirorutilus carinatus and Rotorbinella sp., together with increased faunal diversity, benthic foraminiferal accumulation rates, and evidence for suspension feeding sponges. With the LC flow suppressing upwelling, and better ventilated waters entering the shelf, the environment favored epifaunal agglutinates, rotalids, and miliolids, while buliminids decreased. Under high-flow conditions of the LC, sponge spicules and skeletal carbonate production reached an optimum at ~0.6 Ma before returning to modern conditions. Supported by these observations, we propose the following paleoceanographic evolution of the Carnarvon Ramp:
During the late Pliocene to mid Pleistocene (3.54–0.91 Ma) conditions of deep-water upwelling from the Western Australian Current and Indian Ocean Gyre indicate the absence of the capping LC on the outer carbonate ramp.
A transitional phase started in the mid Pleistocene (1.14–0.61 Ma). The paleo-LC triggered gradual oxygenation at the sediment-water interface, which coincided with an increase in carbonate sedimentation rates, and waning sea-surface productivity.
During a third phase, mid Pleistocene to present (0.91–0 Ma), the LC’s intensity and flow rates peaked at ~0.6 Ma. Benthic foraminiferal accumulation rates reached a high, then decreased to present-day rates. For short periods, sea-surface productivity was moderately enhanced, likely due to fluctuating LC persistence or landward shift during glacial maxima.
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