{"pageNumber":"854","pageRowStart":"21325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68934,"records":[{"id":70034472,"text":"70034472 - 2009 - Seed dispersal and seedling emergence in a created and a natural salt marsh on the Gulf of Mexico coast in Southwest Louisiana, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70034472","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seed dispersal and seedling emergence in a created and a natural salt marsh on the Gulf of Mexico coast in Southwest Louisiana, U.S.A","docAbstract":"Early regeneration dynamics related to seed dispersal and seedling emergence can contribute to differences in species composition among a created and a natural salt marsh. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) whether aquatic and aerial seed dispersal differed in low and high elevations within a created marsh and a natural marsh and (2) whether seedling emergence was influenced by marsh, the presence of openings in the vegetation, and seed availability along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast. Aerial seed traps captured a greater quantity of seeds than aquatic traps. Several factors influenced aquatic and aerial seed dispersal in a created and a natural salt marsh, including distance from the marsh edge, cover of existing vegetation, and water depth. The natural marsh had a high seed density of Spartina alterniflora and Distichlis spicata, the low-elevation created marsh had a high seed density of S. alterniflora, and the high-elevation created marsh had a high seed density of Aster subulatus and Iva frutescens. The presence of adult plants and water depth above the marsh surface influenced seed density. In the natural marsh, openings in vegetation increased seedling emergence for all species, whereas in the low-elevation created marsh, S. alterniflora had higher seedling density under a canopy of vegetation. According to the early regeneration dynamics, the future vegetation in areas of the low-elevation created marsh may become similar to that in the natural marsh. In the high-elevation created marsh, vegetation may be upland fringe habitat dominated by high-elevation marsh shrubs and annual herbaceous species. ?? 2009 Society for Ecological Restoration International.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00398.x","issn":"10612971","usgsCitation":"Elsey-Quirk, T., Middleton, B., and Proffitt, C., 2009, Seed dispersal and seedling emergence in a created and a natural salt marsh on the Gulf of Mexico coast in Southwest Louisiana, U.S.A: Restoration Ecology, v. 17, no. 3, p. 422-432, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00398.x.","startPage":"422","endPage":"432","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215768,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00398.x"},{"id":243592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8abde4b08c986b317348","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elsey-Quirk, T.","contributorId":107959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elsey-Quirk","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Middleton, B.A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":89108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"B.A.","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":445983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Proffitt, C.E. 0000-0002-0845-8441","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0845-8441","contributorId":47339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Proffitt","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034836,"text":"70034836 - 2009 - Ultra-deep oxidation and exotic copper formation at the late pliocene boyongan and bayugo porphyry copper-gold deposits, surigao, philippines: Geology, mineralogy, paleoaltimetry, and their implications for Geologic, physiographic, and tectonic controls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034836","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ultra-deep oxidation and exotic copper formation at the late pliocene boyongan and bayugo porphyry copper-gold deposits, surigao, philippines: Geology, mineralogy, paleoaltimetry, and their implications for Geologic, physiographic, and tectonic controls","docAbstract":"The Boyongan and Bayugo porphyry copper-gold deposits are part of an emerging belt of intrusion-centered gold-rich deposits in the Surigao district of northeast Mindanao, Philippines. Exhumation and weathering of these Late Pliocene-age deposits has led to the development of the world's deepest known porphyry oxidation profile at Boyongan (600 m), and yet only a modest (30-70 m) oxidation profile at adjacent Bayugo. Debris flows, volcanic rocks, and fluviolacustrine sediments accumulating in the actively extending Mainit graben subsequently covered the deposits and preserved the supergene profiles. At Boyongan and Bayugo, there is a vertical transition from shallower supergene copper oxide minerals (malachite + azurite + cuprite) to deeper sulfide-stable assemblages (chalcocite ?? hypogene sulfides). This transition provides a time-integrated proxy for the position of the water table at the base of the saturated zone during supergene oxidation. Contours of the elevation of the paleopotentiometric surface based on this min- eralogical transition show that the thickest portions of the unsaturated zone coincided with a silt-sand matrix diatreme breccia complex at Boyongan. Within the breccia complex, the thickness of the unsaturated zone approached 600 in, whereas outside the breccia complex (e.g., at Bayugo), the thickness averaged 50 m. Contours of the paleopotentiometric surface suggest that during weathering, groundwater flowed into the breccia complex from the north, south, and east, and exited along a high permeability zone to the west. The high relief (>550 m) on the elevation of the paleopotentiometric surface is consistent with an environment of high topographic relief, and the outflow zone to the west of the breccia complex probably reflects proximity to a steep scarp intersecting the western breccia complex margin. Stable isotope paleoaltimetry has enabled estimation of the elevation of the land surface, which further constrains the physiographic setting during supergene oxidation. Isotopic measurements of oxygen in supergene kaolinite from Boyongan suggest that local paleometeoric water involved in weathering had a ??180 composition of approximately -5.7 per mil. At the latitude of the southern Philippines, this value corresponds to Pleistocene rain water condensing at elevations between 750 and 1,050 m above contemporary sea level, providing a maximum estimate for the surface elevation during weathering of the porphyry systems. Physiographic reconstuctions suggest that the deep oxidation profile at Boyongan formed in an environment of high topographic relief immediately east of a prominent (>550 m) escarpment. The high permeability contrast between the breccia complex and the surrounding wall rocks, coupled with the proximity of the breccia complex to the escarpment, led to a depressed groundwater table and a vertically extensive unsaturated zone in the immediate vicinity of Boyongan. This thick vadose zone and the low hypogene pyrite/copper sulfide ratios (0.6) at Boyongan promoted in situ oxidation of copper sulfides with only modest (<200 m) supergene remobilization of copper. In contrast, higher hypogene pyrite/chalcopyrite ratios (2.3) at Bayugo led to greater acid production during weathering and more complete leaching of copper above the base of oxidation. This process promoted significant (600 m) lateral dispersion of copper down the paleohydraulic gradient into the diatreme breccia comple, ultimately leading to the formation of an exotic copper deposit. ?? 2009 Society of Economices Geologists, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.104.3.333","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Braxton, D., Cooke, D.R., Ignacio, A., Rye, R.O., and Waters, P., 2009, Ultra-deep oxidation and exotic copper formation at the late pliocene boyongan and bayugo porphyry copper-gold deposits, surigao, philippines: Geology, mineralogy, paleoaltimetry, and their implications for Geologic, physiographic, and tectonic controls: Economic Geology, v. 104, no. 3, p. 333-349, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.104.3.333.","startPage":"333","endPage":"349","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215903,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.104.3.333"},{"id":243739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbbfce4b08c986b32895d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Braxton, D.P.","contributorId":107522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braxton","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooke, D. R.","contributorId":99764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ignacio, A.M.","contributorId":69383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ignacio","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waters, P.J.","contributorId":103110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waters","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035158,"text":"70035158 - 2009 - Habitat requirements of the endangered California freshwater shrimp (Syncaris pacifica) in lagunitas and Olema creeks, Marin County, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-30T09:00:44","indexId":"70035158","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2235,"text":"Journal of Crustacean Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat requirements of the endangered California freshwater shrimp (Syncaris pacifica) in lagunitas and Olema creeks, Marin County, California, USA","docAbstract":"This study was conducted to better understand the habitat requirements and environmental limiting factors of Syncaris pacifica, the California freshwater shrimp. This federally listed endangered species is native to perennial lowland streams in a few watersheds in northern California. Field sampling occurred in Lagunitas and Olema creeks at seasonal intervals from February 2003 to November 2004. Ten glides, five pools, and five riffles served as fixed sampling reaches, with eight glides, four pools, and four riffles located in Lagunitas Creek and the remainder in Olema Creek. A total of 1773 S. pacifica was counted during this study, all of which were captured along vegetated banks in Lagunitas Creek. Syncaris pacifica was most numerous in glides (64), then in pools (31), and lastly in riffles (5). According to logistic regression analysis, S. pacifica was mostly associated with submerged portions of streambank vegetation (especially overhanging vegetation such as ferns and blackberries, emergent vegetation such as sedge and brooklime, and fine roots associated with water hemlock, willow, sedge, and blackberries) along with low water current velocity and a sandy substrate. These seemingly favorable habitat conditions for S. pacifica were present in glides and pools in Lagunitas Creek, but not in Olema Creek. ?? 2009 The Crustacean Society.","language":"English","publisher":"Brill","doi":"10.1651/08-3134.1","issn":"02780372","usgsCitation":"Martin, B.A., Saiki, M.K., and Fong, D., 2009, Habitat requirements of the endangered California freshwater shrimp (Syncaris pacifica) in lagunitas and Olema creeks, Marin County, California, USA: Journal of Crustacean Biology, v. 29, no. 4, p. 595-604, https://doi.org/10.1651/08-3134.1.","productDescription":"10 p","startPage":"595","endPage":"604","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476447,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1651/08-3134.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215543,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1651/08-3134.1"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f1de4b0c8380cd5cace","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Barbara A. 0000-0002-9415-6377 barbara_ann_martin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9415-6377","contributorId":2855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Barbara","email":"barbara_ann_martin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saiki, Michael K.","contributorId":54671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fong, Darren","contributorId":17715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fong","given":"Darren","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033231,"text":"70033231 - 2009 - Potential effects of runoff, fluvial sediment, and nutrient discharges on the coral reefs of Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033231","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of runoff, fluvial sediment, and nutrient discharges on the coral reefs of Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"Coral reefs, the foundation and primary structure of many highly productive and diverse tropical marine ecosystems, have been degraded by human activity in much of the earth's tropical oceans. To contribute to improved understanding of this problem, the potential relation between river sediment and nutrient discharges and degradation of coral reefs surrounding Puerto Rico was studied using streamflow, suspended-sediment, and water-quality data. Mean annual runoff for the 8711 km2 island is 911 mm, about 57% of mean annual precipitation (1600 mm). Mean annual suspended-sediment discharge from Puerto Rico to coastal waters is estimated at 2.7-9.0 million metric tonnes. Storm runoff transports a substantial part of sediment: the highest recorded daily sediment discharge is 1-3.6 times the mean annual sediment discharge. Hurricane Georges (1998) distributed an average of 300 mm of rain across the island, equivalent to a volume of about 2.6 billion m3. Runoff of more than 1.0 billion m3 of water and as much as 5 to 10 million metric tonnes of sediment were discharged to the coast and shelf. Nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations in river waters are as much as 10 times the estimated presettlement levels. Fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus concentrations in many Puerto Rico rivers are near or above regulatory limits. Unlike sediment discharges, which are predominantly episodic and intense, river-borne nutrient and fecal discharge is a less-intense but chronic stressor to coral reefs found near the mouths of rivers. Negative effects of riverderived sediment and nutrient discharge on coral reefs are especially pronounced on the north, southwest, and west coasts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2112/07-0920.1","issn":"07490","usgsCitation":"Larsen, M.C., and Webb, R., 2009, Potential effects of runoff, fluvial sediment, and nutrient discharges on the coral reefs of Puerto Rico: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 25, no. 1, p. 189-208, https://doi.org/10.2112/07-0920.1.","startPage":"189","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476232,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2112/07-0920.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213284,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/07-0920.1"},{"id":240894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7edee4b0c8380cd7a7d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, M. C.","contributorId":66287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, R.M.T.","contributorId":99369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"R.M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035864,"text":"70035864 - 2009 - Investigating local variation in groundwater recharge along a topographic gradient, Walnut Creek, Iowa, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70035864","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigating local variation in groundwater recharge along a topographic gradient, Walnut Creek, Iowa, USA","docAbstract":"Groundwater recharge is an important component to hydrologic studies but is known to vary considerably across the landscape. The purpose of this study was to examine 4 years of water-level behavior in a transect of four water-table wells installed at Walnut Creek, Iowa, USA to evaluate how groundwater recharge varied along a topographic gradient. The amount of daily water-table rise (WTR) in the wells was summed at monthly and annual scales and estimates of specific yield (Sy) were used to convert the WTR to recharge. At the floodplain site, Sy was estimated from the ratio of WTR to total rainfall and in the uplands was based on the ratio of baseflow to WTR. In the floodplain, where the water table is shallow, recharge occurred throughout the year whenever precipitation occurred. In upland areas where the water table was deeper, WTR occurred in a stepped fashion and varied by season. Results indicated that the greatest amount of water-table rise over the 4-year period was observed in the floodplain (379 mm), followed by the upland (211 mm) and sideslopes (122 mm). Incorporating spatial variability in recharge in a watershed will improve groundwater resource evaluation and flow and transport modeling. ?? Springer-Verlag 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-008-0347-5","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Schilling, K.E., 2009, Investigating local variation in groundwater recharge along a topographic gradient, Walnut Creek, Iowa, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 17, no. 2, p. 397-407, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0347-5.","startPage":"397","endPage":"407","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216322,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0347-5"},{"id":244185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e6be4b0c8380cd63d82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70034560,"text":"70034560 - 2009 - Hydrologic characterization of desert soils with varying degrees of pedogenesis: 1. field experiments evaluating plant-relevant soil water behavior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T20:36:54.071533","indexId":"70034560","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic characterization of desert soils with varying degrees of pedogenesis: 1. field experiments evaluating plant-relevant soil water behavior","docAbstract":"To assess the eff ect of pedogenesis on the soil moisture dynamics infl uencing the character and quality of ecological habitat, we conducted infi ltration and redistribution experiments on three alluvial deposits in the Mojave National Preserve: (i) recently deposited active wash sediments, (ii) a soil of early Holocene age, and (iii) a highly developed soil of late Pleistocene age. At each, we ponded water in a 1-m-diameter infi ltration ring for 2.3 h and monitored soil water content and matric pressure during and atier infi ltration, using probes and electrical resistivity imaging (ERI). Infi ltration and downward fl ow rates were greater in younger material, favoring deep-rooted species. Deep-rooted species tend to colonize the margins of washes, where they are unaff ected by sediment transport that inhibits colonization. The ERI results support important generalizations, for example that shallower than 0.5 m, infi ltrated water persists longer in highly developed soil, favoring shallow-rooted species. Soil moisture data for the two youngest soils suggested that saturation overshoot, which may have signifi cant but unexplored hydroecologic and pedogenic eff ects, occurred at the horizontally advancing weting front. Spatial heterogeneity of soil properties generally increased with pedogenic development. Evidence suggested that some early-stage developmental processes may promote uniformity; the intermediate- age soil appeared to have the least heterogeneity in terms of textural variation with depth, and also the least anisotropy. Lateral heterogeneity was pronounced in older soil, having a multitude of eff ects on the distribution and retention of soil water, and may facilitate certain water-conserving strategies of plants over what would be possible in a laterally homogeneous soil. ?? Soil Science Society of America.","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/vzj2008.0052","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., Perkins, K., Schmidt, K.M., Miller, D., Stock, J.D., and Singha, K., 2009, Hydrologic characterization of desert soils with varying degrees of pedogenesis: 1. field experiments evaluating plant-relevant soil water behavior: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 8, no. 2, p. 480-495, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2008.0052.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"480","endPage":"495","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert, Mojave National Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.6201171875,\n              34.928726792983845\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.39489746093751,\n              34.928726792983845\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.39489746093751,\n              35.092945313732635\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.6201171875,\n              35.092945313732635\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.6201171875,\n              34.928726792983845\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3580e4b0c8380cd5ff97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perkins, Kim S. 0000-0001-8349-447X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-447X","contributorId":44097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Kim S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, Kevin M. 0000-0003-2365-8035 kschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-8035","contributorId":1985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Kevin","email":"kschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stock, Jonathan D. 0000-0001-8565-3577 jstock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8565-3577","contributorId":3648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"Jonathan","email":"jstock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Singha, Kamini","contributorId":76733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singha","given":"Kamini","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037103,"text":"70037103 - 2009 - Evaluation of two spike-and-recovery controls for assessment of extraction efficiency in microbial source tracking studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037103","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of two spike-and-recovery controls for assessment of extraction efficiency in microbial source tracking studies","docAbstract":"Quantitative PCR (qPCR), applied to complex environmental samples such as water, wastewater, and feces, is susceptible to methodological and sample related biases. In this study, we evaluated two exogenous DNA spike-and-recovery controls as proxies for recovery efficiency of Bacteroidales 16S rDNA gene sequences (AllBac and qHF183) that are used for microbial source tracking (MST) in river water. Two controls-(1) the plant pathogen Pantoea stewartii, carrying the chromosomal target gene cpsD, and (2) Escherichia coli, carrying the plasmid-borne target gene DsRed2-were added to raw water samples immediately prior to concentration and DNA extraction for qPCR. When applied to samples processed in replicate, recovery of each control was positively correlated with the observed concentration of each MST marker. Adjustment of MST marker concentrations according to recovery efficiency reduced variability in replicate analyses when consistent processing and extraction methodologies were applied. Although the effects of this procedure on accuracy could not be tested due to uncertainties in control DNA concentrations, the observed reduction in variability should improve the strength of statistical comparisons. These findings suggest that either of the tested spike-and-recovery controls can be useful to measure efficiency of extraction and recovery in routine laboratory processing. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2009.06.028","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Stoeckel, D.M., Stelzer, E., and Dick, L., 2009, Evaluation of two spike-and-recovery controls for assessment of extraction efficiency in microbial source tracking studies: Water Research, v. 43, no. 19, p. 4820-4827, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.06.028.","startPage":"4820","endPage":"4827","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217363,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.06.028"}],"volume":"43","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d01e4b0c8380cd52da3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoeckel, D. M.","contributorId":84855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeckel","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stelzer, E.A.","contributorId":56470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stelzer","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dick, L.K.","contributorId":53631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dick","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036024,"text":"70036024 - 2009 - Oxygen and hydrogen isotope fractionation in serpentine-water and talc-water systems from 250 to 450 °C, 50 MPa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-30T15:18:45","indexId":"70036024","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen and hydrogen isotope fractionation in serpentine-water and talc-water systems from 250 to 450 °C, 50 MPa","docAbstract":"<p><span>Oxygen and hydrogen isotope fractionation factors in the talc&ndash;water and serpentine&ndash;water systems have been determined by laboratory experiment from 250 to 450&nbsp;&deg;C at 50&nbsp;MPa using the partial exchange technique. Talc was synthesized from brucite&nbsp;+&nbsp;quartz, resulting in nearly 100% exchange during reaction at 350 and 450&nbsp;&deg;C. For serpentine, D&ndash;H exchange was much more rapid than&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O&ndash;</span><sup>16</sup><span>O exchange when natural chrysotile fibers were employed in the initial charge. In experiments with lizardite as the starting charge, recrystallization to chrysotile enhanced the rate of&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O&ndash;</span><sup>16</sup><span>O exchange with the coexisting aqueous phase. Oxygen isotope fractionation factors in both the talc&ndash;water and serpentine&ndash;water systems decrease with increasing temperature and can be described from 250 to 450&nbsp;&deg;C by the relationships: 1000&nbsp;ln&nbsp;</span><span id=\"mmlsi1\" class=\"mathmlsrc\"><a class=\"mathImg\" title=\"View the MathML source\" data-mathurl=\"/science?_ob=MathURL&amp;_method=retrieve&amp;_eid=1-s2.0-S0016703709004992&amp;_mathId=si1.gif&amp;_user=111111111&amp;_pii=S0016703709004992&amp;_rdoc=1&amp;_issn=00167037&amp;md5=7b17768fc5e991bc0a793aeaad572a3d\"><img class=\"imgLazyJSB inlineImage\" title=\"View the MathML source\" src=\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0016703709004992-si1.gif\" alt=\"View the MathML source\" width=\"60\" height=\"22\" data-inlimgeid=\"1-s2.0-S0016703709004992-si1.gif\" data-loaded=\"true\" /></a></span><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;11.70&nbsp;&times;&nbsp;10</span><sup>6</sup><span>/T</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;&minus;&nbsp;25.49&nbsp;&times;&nbsp;10</span><sup>3</sup><span>/T&nbsp;+&nbsp;12.48 and 1000&nbsp;ln&nbsp;</span><span id=\"mmlsi2\" class=\"mathmlsrc\"><a class=\"mathImg\" title=\"View the MathML source\" data-mathurl=\"/science?_ob=MathURL&amp;_method=retrieve&amp;_eid=1-s2.0-S0016703709004992&amp;_mathId=si2.gif&amp;_user=111111111&amp;_pii=S0016703709004992&amp;_rdoc=1&amp;_issn=00167037&amp;md5=abc11c8c17b52775075eb9bd72fbaba7\"><img class=\"imgLazyJSB inlineImage\" title=\"View the MathML source\" src=\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0016703709004992-si2.gif\" alt=\"View the MathML source\" width=\"89\" height=\"24\" data-inlimgeid=\"1-s2.0-S0016703709004992-si2.gif\" data-loaded=\"true\" /></a></span><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;3.49&nbsp;&times;&nbsp;10</span><sup>6</sup><span>/T</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;&minus;&nbsp;9.48 where T is temperature in Kelvin. Over the same temperature interval at 50&nbsp;MPa, talc&ndash;water D&ndash;H fractionation is only weakly dependent on temperature, similar to brucite and chlorite, and can be described by the equation: 1000&nbsp;ln&nbsp;</span><span id=\"mmlsi3\" class=\"mathmlsrc\"><a class=\"mathImg\" title=\"View the MathML source\" data-mathurl=\"/science?_ob=MathURL&amp;_method=retrieve&amp;_eid=1-s2.0-S0016703709004992&amp;_mathId=si3.gif&amp;_user=111111111&amp;_pii=S0016703709004992&amp;_rdoc=1&amp;_issn=00167037&amp;md5=fd153dd75696e1ab04816b678efbdfa1\"><img class=\"imgLazyJSB inlineImage\" title=\"View the MathML source\" src=\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0016703709004992-si3.gif\" alt=\"View the MathML source\" width=\"60\" height=\"23\" data-inlimgeid=\"1-s2.0-S0016703709004992-si3.gif\" data-loaded=\"true\" /></a></span><span>&nbsp;= 10.88&nbsp;&times;&nbsp;10</span><sup>6</sup><span>/T</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;&minus;&nbsp;41.52&nbsp;&times;&nbsp;10</span><sup>3</sup><span>/T&nbsp;+&nbsp;5.61 where T is temperature in Kelvin. Our D&ndash;H serpentine&ndash;water fractionation factors calibrated by experiment decrease with temperature and form a consistent trend with fractionation factors derived from lower temperature field calibrations. By regression of these data, we have refined and extended the D&ndash;H fractionation curve from 25 to 450&nbsp;&deg;C, 50&nbsp;MPa as follows: 1000&nbsp;ln&nbsp;</span><span id=\"mmlsi4\" class=\"mathmlsrc\"><a class=\"mathImg\" title=\"View the MathML source\" data-mathurl=\"/science?_ob=MathURL&amp;_method=retrieve&amp;_eid=1-s2.0-S0016703709004992&amp;_mathId=si4.gif&amp;_user=111111111&amp;_pii=S0016703709004992&amp;_rdoc=1&amp;_issn=00167037&amp;md5=7b1f3435cb86fd244781181e74dad524\"><img class=\"imgLazyJSB inlineImage\" title=\"View the MathML source\" src=\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0016703709004992-si4.gif\" alt=\"View the MathML source\" width=\"89\" height=\"21\" data-inlimgeid=\"1-s2.0-S0016703709004992-si4.gif\" data-loaded=\"true\" /></a></span><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;3.436&nbsp;&times;&nbsp;10</span><sup>6</sup><span>/T</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;&minus;&nbsp;34.736&nbsp;&times;&nbsp;10</span><sup>3</sup><span>/T&nbsp;+&nbsp;21.67 where T is temperature in Kelvin. These new data should improve the application of D&ndash;H and&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O&ndash;</span><sup>16</sup><span>O isotopes to constrain the temperature and origin of hydrothermal fluids responsible for serpentine formation in a variety of geologic settings.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2009.07.036","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Saccocia, P.J., Seewald, J.S., and Shanks, W.C., 2009, Oxygen and hydrogen isotope fractionation in serpentine-water and talc-water systems from 250 to 450 °C, 50 MPa: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 73, no. 22, p. 6789-6804, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.07.036.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"6789","endPage":"6804","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476439,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/3160","text":"External Repository"},{"id":246616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218590,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.07.036"}],"volume":"73","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7280e4b0c8380cd76b2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saccocia, Peter J.","contributorId":75297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saccocia","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seewald, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":16596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seewald","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045492,"text":"70045492 - 2009 - Predictive models for fish assemblages in eastern USA streams: implications for assessing biodiversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-14T10:25:05","indexId":"70045492","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictive models for fish assemblages in eastern USA streams: implications for assessing biodiversity","docAbstract":"Management and conservation of aquatic systems require the ability to assess biological conditions and identify changes in biodiversity. Predictive models for fish assemblages were constructed to assess biological condition and changes in biodiversity for streams sampled in the eastern United States as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program. Separate predictive models were developed for northern and southern regions. Reference sites were designated using land cover and local professional judgment. Taxonomic completeness was quantified based on the ratio of the number of observed native fish species expected to occur to the number of expected native fish species. Models for both regions accurately predicted fish species composition at reference sites with relatively high precision and low bias. In general, species that occurred less frequently than expected (decreasers) tended to prefer riffle areas and larger substrates, such as gravel and cobble, whereas increaser species (occurring more frequently than expected) tended to prefer pools, backwater areas, and vegetated and sand substrates. In the north, the percentage of species identified as increasers and the percentage identified as decreasers were equal, whereas in the south nearly two-thirds of the species examined were identified as decreasers. Predictive models of fish species can provide a standardized indicator for consistent assessments of biological condition at varying spatial scales and critical information for an improved understanding of fish species that are potentially at risk of loss with changing water quality conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/T08-132.1","usgsCitation":"Meador, M., and Carlisle, D.M., 2009, Predictive models for fish assemblages in eastern USA streams: implications for assessing biodiversity: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 138, no. 4, p. 725-740, https://doi.org/10.1577/T08-132.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"725","endPage":"740","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-003386","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272210,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272208,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T08-132.1"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.00,24.96 ], [ -100.00,48.97 ], [ -66.98,48.97 ], [ -66.98,24.96 ], [ -100.00,24.96 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"138","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6c75e4b0b290851048f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meador, Michael R. mrmeador@usgs.gov","contributorId":615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"Michael R.","email":"mrmeador@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037095,"text":"70037095 - 2009 - Feldspar dissolution rates in the Topopah Spring Tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-30T12:18:54.305609","indexId":"70037095","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feldspar dissolution rates in the Topopah Spring Tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id10\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id11\"><p>Two different field-based methods are used here to calculate feldspar dissolution rates in the Topopah Spring Tuff, the host rock for the proposed nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The center of the tuff is a high silica rhyolite, consisting largely of alkali feldspar (∼60&nbsp;wt%) and quartz polymorphs (∼35&nbsp;wt%) that formed by devitrification of rhyolitic glass as the tuff cooled. First, the abundance of secondary aluminosilicates is used to estimate the cumulative amount of feldspar dissolution over the history of the tuff, and an ambient dissolution rate is calculated by using the estimated thermal history. Second, the feldspar dissolution rate is calculated by using measured Sr isotope compositions for the pore water and rock. Pore waters display systematic changes in Sr isotopic composition with depth that are caused by feldspar dissolution. The range in dissolution rates determined from secondary mineral abundances varies from 10<sup>−16</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>to 10<sup>−17</sup>&nbsp;mol&nbsp;s<sup>−1</sup>&nbsp;kg&nbsp;tuff<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>with the largest uncertainty being the effect of the early thermal history of the tuff. Dissolution rates based on pore water Sr isotopic data were calculated by treating percolation flux parametrically, and vary from 10<sup>−15</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>to 10<sup>−16</sup>&nbsp;mol&nbsp;s<sup>−1</sup>&nbsp;kg&nbsp;tuff<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>for percolation fluxes of 15&nbsp;mm&nbsp;a<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and 1&nbsp;mm&nbsp;a<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Reconciling the rates from the two methods requires that percolation fluxes at the sampled locations be a few mm&nbsp;a<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>or less. The calculated feldspar dissolution rates are low relative to other measured field-based feldspar dissolution rates, possibly due to the age (12.8&nbsp;Ma) of the unsaturated system at Yucca Mountain; because oxidizing and organic-poor conditions limit biological activity; and/or because elevated silica concentrations in the pore waters (∼50&nbsp;mg&nbsp;L<sup>−1</sup>) may inhibit feldspar dissolution.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.09.003","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Bryan, C., Helean, K., Marshall, B., and Brady, P., 2009, Feldspar dissolution rates in the Topopah Spring Tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 11, p. 2133-2143, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.09.003.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2133","endPage":"2143","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245176,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.20675964290159,\n              36.66868420959018\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.20675964290159,\n              35.8358965222575\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.02023620540135,\n              35.8358965222575\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.02023620540135,\n              36.66868420959018\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.20675964290159,\n              36.66868420959018\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f79e4b0c8380cd538f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryan, C.R.","contributorId":102302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helean, K.B.","contributorId":96518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helean","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marshall, B.D.","contributorId":19581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brady, P.V.","contributorId":96038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037282,"text":"70037282 - 2009 - Instrumental record of debris flow initiation during natural rainfall: Implications for modeling slope stability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T22:29:48.316269","indexId":"70037282","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Instrumental record of debris flow initiation during natural rainfall: Implications for modeling slope stability","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span class=\"paraNumber\"><span></span></span></span><span>The middle of a hillslope hollow in the Oregon Coast Range failed and mobilized as a debris flow during heavy rainfall in November 1996. Automated pressure transducers recorded high spatial variability of pore water pressure within the area that mobilized as a debris flow, which initiated where local upward flow from bedrock developed into overlying colluvium. Postfailure observations of the bedrock surface exposed in the debris flow scar reveal a strong spatial correspondence between elevated piezometric response and water discharging from bedrock fractures. Measurements of apparent root cohesion on the basal (</span><i>C</i><sub><i>b</i></sub><span>) and lateral (</span><i>C</i><sub><i>l</i></sub><span>) scarp demonstrate substantial local variability, with areally weighted values of&nbsp;</span><i>C</i><sub><i>b</i></sub><span>&nbsp;= 0.1 and&nbsp;</span><i>C</i><sub><i>l</i></sub><span>&nbsp;= 4.6 kPa. Using measured soil properties and basal root strength, the widely used infinite slope model, employed assuming slope parallel groundwater flow, provides a poor prediction of hydrologic conditions at failure. In contrast, a model including lateral root strength (but neglecting lateral frictional strength) gave a predicted critical value of relative soil saturation that fell within the range defined by the arithmetic and geometric mean values at the time of failure. The 3‐D slope stability model CLARA‐W, used with locally observed pore water pressure, predicted small areas with lower factors of safety within the overall slide mass at sites consistent with field observations of where the failure initiated. This highly variable and localized nature of small areas of high pore pressure that can trigger slope failure means, however, that substantial uncertainty appears inevitable for estimating hydrologic conditions within incipient debris flows under natural conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008JF001078","usgsCitation":"Montgomery, D.R., Schmidt, K., Dietrich, W.E., and McKean, J., 2009, Instrumental record of debris flow initiation during natural rainfall: Implications for modeling slope stability: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 114, no. F1, F01031, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JF001078.","productDescription":"F01031, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476367,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jf001078","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Mettman Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.47509765625,\n              43.17313537107136\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.914794921875,\n              43.17313537107136\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.914794921875,\n              43.691707903073805\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.47509765625,\n              43.691707903073805\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.47509765625,\n              43.17313537107136\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"F1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c46e4b0c8380cd62bf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montgomery, D. R.","contributorId":41582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montgomery","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, K. M. 0000-0003-2365-8035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-8035","contributorId":59830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"K. M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":460262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dietrich, W. E.","contributorId":47538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dietrich","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKean, J.","contributorId":60054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKean","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037405,"text":"70037405 - 2009 - Spatially detailed quantification of metal loading for decision making: Metal mass loading to American fork and Mary Ellen Gulch, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T11:12:20","indexId":"70037405","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2745,"text":"Mine Water and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatially detailed quantification of metal loading for decision making: Metal mass loading to American fork and Mary Ellen Gulch, Utah","docAbstract":"<p><span>Effective remediation requires an understanding of the relative contributions of metals from all sources in a catchment, and that understanding must be based on a spatially detailed quantification of metal loading. A traditional approach to quantifying metal loading has been to measure discharge and chemistry at a catchment outlet. This approach can quantify annual loading and the temporal changes in load, but does not provide the needed spatial detail to evaluate specific sources, which is needed to support remediation decisions. A catchment or mass-loading approach provides spatial detail by combining tracer-injection and synoptic-sampling methods to quantify loading. Examples of studies in American Fork, Utah, and its tributary Mary Ellen Gulch illustrate this different approach. The mass-loading study in American Fork treated Mary Ellen Gulch as a single inflow. From that point of view, Mary Ellen Gulch was one of the greatest sources of Fe, Mn, Zn, and colloidal Pb loads to American Fork. But when Mary Ellen Gulch was evaluated in a separate catchment study, the detailed locations of metal loading were identified, and the extent of metal attenuation upstream from the mouth of Mary Ellen Gulch was quantified. The net, instantaneous load measured at the mouth of Mary Ellen Gulch for remediation planning would greatly underestimate the contributions of principal sources within the catchment. Extending the detailed sampling downstream from Mary Ellen Gulch indicated the possibility of diffuse groundwater inflow from Mary Ellen Gulch to American Fork. Comparing loads for Mary Ellen Gulch in the two studies indicates that metal loads could be substantially underestimated for planning purposes without the detailed catchment approach for the low-flow conditions in these studies. A mass-loading approach provides both the needed quantification of metal loading and the spatial detail to guide remediation decisions that would be the most effective in the catchments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10230-009-0085-5","issn":"10259112","usgsCitation":"Kimball, B.A., and Runkel, R., 2009, Spatially detailed quantification of metal loading for decision making: Metal mass loading to American fork and Mary Ellen Gulch, Utah: Mine Water and the Environment, v. 28, no. 4, p. 274-290, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-009-0085-5.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"274","endPage":"290","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217180,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10230-009-0085-5"},{"id":245102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94c4e4b08c986b31ac36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimball, B. A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036774,"text":"70036774 - 2009 - Nitrification and denitrification in a midwestern stream containing high nitrate: In situ assessment using tracers in dome-shaped incubation chambers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T10:16:43","indexId":"70036774","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrification and denitrification in a midwestern stream containing high nitrate: In situ assessment using tracers in dome-shaped incubation chambers","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">The extent to which in-stream processes alter or remove nutrient loads in agriculturally impacted streams is critically important to watershed function and the delivery of those loads to coastal waters. In this study, patch-scale rates of in-stream benthic processes were determined using large volume, open-bottom benthic incubation chambers in a nitrate-rich, first to third order stream draining an area dominated by tile-drained row-crop fields. The chambers were fitted with sampling/mixing ports, a volume compensation bladder, and porewater samplers. Incubations were conducted with added tracers (NaBr and either<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>N[NO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>−</sup>],<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>N[NO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>−</sup>], or<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>N[NH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>+</sup>]) for 24–44&nbsp;h intervals and reaction rates were determined from changes in concentrations and isotopic compositions of nitrate, nitrite, ammonium and nitrogen gas. Overall, nitrate loss rates (220–3,560&nbsp;μmol&nbsp;N&nbsp;m<sup>−2</sup>&nbsp;h<sup>−1</sup>) greatly exceeded corresponding denitrification rates (34–212&nbsp;μmol&nbsp;N&nbsp;m<sup>−2</sup>&nbsp;h<sup>−1</sup>) and both of these rates were correlated with nitrate concentrations (90–1,330&nbsp;μM), which could be readily manipulated with addition experiments. Chamber estimates closely matched whole-stream rates of denitrification and nitrate loss using<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>N. Chamber incubations with acetylene indicated that coupled nitrification/denitrification was not a major source of N<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>production at ambient nitrate concentrations (175&nbsp;μM), but acetylene was not effective for assessing denitrification at higher nitrate concentrations (1,330&nbsp;μM). Ammonium uptake rates greatly exceeded nitrification rates, which were relatively low even with added ammonium (3.5&nbsp;μmol&nbsp;N&nbsp;m<sup>−2</sup>&nbsp;h<sup>−1</sup>), though incubations with nitrite demonstrated that oxidation to nitrate exceeded reduction to nitrogen gas in the surface sediments by fivefold to tenfold. The chamber results confirmed earlier studies that denitrification was a substantial nitrate sink in this stream, but they also indicated that dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) turnover rates greatly exceeded the rates of permanent nitrogen removal via denitrification.</p><div class=\"KeywordGroup\" lang=\"en\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10533-009-9358-0","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.L., Böhlke, J., Repert, D., and Hart, C., 2009, Nitrification and denitrification in a midwestern stream containing high nitrate: In situ assessment using tracers in dome-shaped incubation chambers: Biogeochemistry, v. 96, no. 1, p. 189-208, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-009-9358-0.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"208","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217680,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-009-9358-0"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66b6e4b0c8380cd72f3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Repert, D.A.","contributorId":78506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repert","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hart, C.P.","contributorId":84578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037125,"text":"70037125 - 2009 - Water uptake and nutrient concentrations under a floodplain oak savanna during a non-flood period, lower Cedar River, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037125","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water uptake and nutrient concentrations under a floodplain oak savanna during a non-flood period, lower Cedar River, Iowa","docAbstract":"Floodplains during non-flood periods are less well documented than when flooding occurs, but non-flood periods offer opportunities to investigate vegetation controls on water and nutrient cycling. In this study, we characterized water uptake and nutrient concentration patterns from 2005 to 2007 under an oak savanna located on the floodplain of the Cedar River in Muscatine County, Iowa. The water table ranged from 0.5 to 2.5 m below ground surface and fluctuated in response to stream stage, plant water demand and rainfall inputs. Applying the White method to diurnal water table fluctuations, daily ET from groundwater averaged more than 3.5 mm/day in June and July and approximately 2 mm/day in May and August. Total annual ET averaged 404 mm for a growing season from mid-May to mid-October. Savanna groundwater concentrations of nitrate-N, ammonium-N, and phosphate-P were very low (mean <0.18, <0.14, <0.08 mg/l, respectively), whereas DOC concentrations were high (7.1 mg/l). Low concentrations of N and P were in contrast to high nutrient concentrations in the nearby Cedar River, where N and P averaged 7.5 mg/ l and 0.13, respectively. In regions dominated by intensive agriculture, study results document valuable ecosystem services for native floodplain ecosystems in reducing watershed-scale nutrient losses and providing an oasis for biological complexity. Improved understanding of the environmental conditions of regionally significant habitats, including major controls on water table elevations and water quality, offers promise for better management aimed at preserving the ecology of these important habitats. Copyright ?? 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7403","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Schilling, K.E., and Jacobson, P., 2009, Water uptake and nutrient concentrations under a floodplain oak savanna during a non-flood period, lower Cedar River, Iowa: Hydrological Processes, v. 23, no. 21, p. 3006-3016, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7403.","startPage":"3006","endPage":"3016","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476281,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7403","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217218,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7403"},{"id":245145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcca1e4b08c986b32dc4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobson, P.","contributorId":11412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037097,"text":"70037097 - 2009 - A historical perspective on the \"fish tumors or other deformities\" beneficial use impairment at Great Lakes Areas of Concern","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-08T08:48:28","indexId":"70037097","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A historical perspective on the \"fish tumors or other deformities\" beneficial use impairment at Great Lakes Areas of Concern","docAbstract":"The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement defines Areas of Concern as geographic areas that fail to meet the general or specific objectives of the agreement where such failure has caused or is likely to cause impairment of beneficial use of the area's ability to support aquatic life. One of the beneficial use impairments, fish tumors or other deformities, is defined by the International Joint Commission to occur when the incidence rate of fish tumors and other deformities exceeds rates at unimpacted or control sites, or when survey data confirm the presence of neoplastic or preneoplastic liver tumors in bullhead or suckers. Brown bullhead, a benthic species with a limited home range, have frequently been used as indicator species in U.S. Areas of Concern. While there is strong field evidence for an association between PAH exposure and hepatic neoplasia in brown bullhead, laboratory investigations would strengthen the association. There is less evidence linking specific classes of chemicals in the environment to orocutaneous neoplasia in brown bullhead. Studies on orocutaneous neoplasia of brown bullhead should focus on assessing the presence or absence of viruses and on epidermal exposure to specific chemicals and chemical mixtures. Lastly, the effects of covariates such as length, age, and gender on the prevalence of liver and skin neoplasms should be investigated. This paper reviews the state of science on the fish tumors or other deformities beneficial use impairment. Subsequent papers address specific issues related to this impairment and provide recommendations for standardized criteria.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2009.07.005","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Rafferty, S., Blazer, V., Pinkney, A., Grazio, J., Obert, E., and Boughton, L., 2009, A historical perspective on the \"fish tumors or other deformities\" beneficial use impairment at Great Lakes Areas of Concern: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 35, no. 4, p. 496-506, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.07.005.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"496","endPage":"506","costCenters":[{"id":418,"text":"National Fish Health Research Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217277,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.07.005"},{"id":245210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e421e4b0c8380cd46424","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rafferty, S.D.","contributorId":28453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafferty","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pinkney, A.E.","contributorId":87501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinkney","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grazio, J.L.","contributorId":64485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grazio","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Obert, E.C.","contributorId":38808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obert","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boughton, L.","contributorId":23364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boughton","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037096,"text":"70037096 - 2009 - Physical modeling of river spanning rock structures: Evaluating interstitial flow, local hydraulics, downstream scour development, and structure stability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037096","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Physical modeling of river spanning rock structures: Evaluating interstitial flow, local hydraulics, downstream scour development, and structure stability","docAbstract":"Rock weir and ramp structures uniquely serve a necessary role in river management: to meet water deliveries in an ecologically sound manner. Uses include functioning as low head diversion dams, permitting fish passage, creating habitat diversity, and stabilizing stream banks and profiles. Existing information on design and performance of in-stream rock structures does not provide the guidance necessary to implement repeatable and sustainable construction and retrofit techniques. As widespread use of rock structures increases, the need for reliable design methods with a broad range of applicability at individual sites grows as well. Rigorous laboratory testing programs were implemented at the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) and at Colorado State University (CSU) as part of a multifaceted research project focused on expanding the current knowledge base and developing design methods to improve the success rate of river spanning rock structures in meeting project goals. Physical modeling at Reclamation is being used to measure, predict, and reduce interstitial flow through rock ramps. CSU is using physical testing to quantify and predict scour development downstream of rock weirs and its impact on the stability of rock structures. ?? 2009 ASCE.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers","conferenceTitle":"World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers","conferenceDate":"17 May 2009 through 21 May 2009","conferenceLocation":"Kansas City, MO","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/41036(342)345","isbn":"9780784410363","usgsCitation":"Collins, K., Thornton, C., Mefford, B., and Holmquist-Johnson, C.L., 2009, Physical modeling of river spanning rock structures: Evaluating interstitial flow, local hydraulics, downstream scour development, and structure stability, <i>in</i> Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers, v. 342, Kansas City, MO, 17 May 2009 through 21 May 2009, p. 3419-3431, https://doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)345.","startPage":"3419","endPage":"3431","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217247,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)345"},{"id":245177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"342","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ab1e4b0c8380cd7904b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, K.L.","contributorId":24201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thornton, C.I.","contributorId":25388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornton","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mefford, B.","contributorId":104312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mefford","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holmquist-Johnson, C. L.","contributorId":72615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmquist-Johnson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036997,"text":"70036997 - 2009 - High-quality unsaturated zone hydraulic property data for hydrologic applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-08T07:47:51","indexId":"70036997","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-quality unsaturated zone hydraulic property data for hydrologic applications","docAbstract":"In hydrologic studies, especially those using dynamic unsaturated zone moisture modeling, calculations based on property transfer models informed by hydraulic property databases are often used in lieu of measured data from the site of interest. Reliance on database-informed predicted values has become increasingly common with the use of neural networks. High-quality data are needed for databases used in this way and for theoretical and property transfer model development and testing. Hydraulic properties predicted on the basis of existing databases may be adequate in some applications but not others. An obvious problem occurs when the available database has few or no data for samples that are closely related to the medium of interest. The data set presented in this paper includes saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, water retention, particle-size distributions, and bulk properties. All samples are minimally disturbed, all measurements were performed using the same state of the art techniques and the environments represented are diverse.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2008WR007497","usgsCitation":"Perkins, K., and Nimmo, J.R., 2009, High-quality unsaturated zone hydraulic property data for hydrologic applications: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 7, W07417; 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007497.","productDescription":"W07417; 9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476139,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr007497","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30f8e4b0c8380cd5dafb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perkins, Kimberlie 0000-0001-8349-447X kperkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-447X","contributorId":138544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Kimberlie","email":"kperkins@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035378,"text":"70035378 - 2009 - Regeneration of coastal marsh vegetation impacted by hurricanes Katrina and Rita","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035378","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regeneration of coastal marsh vegetation impacted by hurricanes Katrina and Rita","docAbstract":"The dynamics of plant regeneration via seed and vegetative spread in coastal wetlands dictate the nature of community reassembly that takes place after hurricanes or sea level rise. The objectives of my project were to evaluate the potential effects of saltwater intrusion and flooding of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on seedling regeneration in coastal wetlands of the Gulf Coast. Specifically I tested hypotheses to determine for species in fresh, brackish and salt marshes of the Gulf Coast if 1) the pattern of seed germination and seedling recruitment differed with distance from the shoreline, and 2) seed germination and seedling recruitment for various species were reduced in higher levels of water depth and salinity. Regarding Hypothesis 1, seedling densities increased with distance from the shoreline in fresh and brackish water marshes while decreasing with distance from the shoreline in salt marshes. Also to test Hypothesis 1, I used a greenhouse seed bank assay to examine seed germination from seed banks collected at distances from the shoreline in response to various water depths and salinity levels using a nested factorial design. For all marsh types, the influence of water level and salinity on seed germination shifted with distance from the shoreline (i.e., three way interaction of the main effects of distance nested within site, water depth, and salinity). Data from the seed bank assay were also used to test Hypothesis 2. The regeneration of species from fresh, brackish, and salt marshes were reduced in conditions of high salinity and/or water, so that following hurricanes or sea level rise, seedling regeneration could be reduced. Among the species of these coastal marshes, there was some flexibility of response, so that at least some species were able to germinate in either high or low salinity. Salt marshes had a few fresher marsh species in the seed bank that would not germinate without a period of fresh water input (e.g., Sagittaria lancifolia) as well as salt water species (e.g., Avicennia germinans, Salicornia bigelovii). Nevertheless, the species richness of seeds germinating from the seed bank of freshwater marshes was reduced more than in salt marshes, indicating that freshwater marsh regeneration may be more affected by hurricanes and/or sea level rise than salt marshes. From the perspective of short-term seed germination and recruitment following hurricanes, species recruitment is dependent on the post-disturbance conditions of water and salinity. ?? 2009 The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/08-18.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Middleton, B., 2009, Regeneration of coastal marsh vegetation impacted by hurricanes Katrina and Rita: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 1, p. 54-65, https://doi.org/10.1672/08-18.1.","startPage":"54","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215404,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/08-18.1"},{"id":243207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a455e4b0e8fec6cdbb33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middleton, B.A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":89108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"B.A.","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":450384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036402,"text":"70036402 - 2009 - A proposed origin for fossilized Pennsylvanian plant cuticles by pyrite oxidation (Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:02","indexId":"70036402","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1104,"text":"Bulletin of Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A proposed origin for fossilized Pennsylvanian plant cuticles by pyrite oxidation (Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada)","docAbstract":"Fossilized cuticles, though rare in the roof rocks of coal seam in the younger part of the Pennsylvanian Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, represent nearly all of the major plant groups. Selected for investigation, by methods of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and elemental analysis, are fossilized cuticles (FCs) and cuticles extracted from compressions by Schulze's process (CCs) of Alethopteris ambigua. These investigations are supplemented by FTIR analysis of FCs and CCs of Cordaites principalis, and a cuticle-fossilized medullosalean(?) axis. The purpose of this study is threefold: (1) to try to determine biochemical discriminators between FCs and CCs of the same species using semi-quantitative FTIR techniques; (2) to assess the effects chemical treatments have, particularly Schulze's process, on functional groups; and most importantly (3) to study the primary origin of FCs. Results are equivocal in respect to (1); (2) after Schulze's treatment aliphatic moieties tend to be reduced relative to oxygenated groups, and some aliphatic chains may be shortened; and (3) a primary chemical model is proposed. The model is based on a variety of geological observations, including stratal distribution, clay and pyrite mineralogies associated with FCs and compressions, and regional geological structure. The model presupposes compression-cuticle fossilization under anoxic conditions for late authigenic deposition of sub-micron-sized pyrite on the compressions. Rock joints subsequently provided conduits for oxygen-enriched ground-water circulation to initiate in situ pyritic oxidation that produced sulfuric acid for macerating compressions, with resultant loss of vitrinite, but with preservation of cuticles as FCs. The timing of the process remains undetermined, though it is assumed to be late to post-diagenetic. Although FCs represent a pathway of organic matter transformation (pomd) distinct from other plant-fossilization processes, global applicability of the chemical models remains to be tested. CCs and FCs are inferred endpoints on a spectrum of pomd which complicates assessing origin of in-between transformations (partially macerated cuticles). FCs index highly acidic levels that existed locally in the roof rocks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3140/bull.geosci.1094","issn":"12141119","usgsCitation":"Zodrow, E., and Mastalerz, M., 2009, A proposed origin for fossilized Pennsylvanian plant cuticles by pyrite oxidation (Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada): Bulletin of Geosciences, v. 84, no. 2, p. 227-240, https://doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1094.","startPage":"227","endPage":"240","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488023,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1094","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":218556,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1094"},{"id":246578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e517e4b0c8380cd46b0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zodrow, E.L.","contributorId":99328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zodrow","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034582,"text":"70034582 - 2009 - New insights into the hydrostratigraphy of the High Plains aquifer from three-dimensional visualizations based on well records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70034582","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New insights into the hydrostratigraphy of the High Plains aquifer from three-dimensional visualizations based on well records","docAbstract":"Regional aquifers in thick sequences of continentally derived heterolithic deposits, such as the High Plains of the North American Great Plains, are difficult to characterize hydrostratigraphically because of their framework complexity and the lack of high-quality subsurface information from drill cores and geophysical logs. However, using a database of carefully evaluated drillers' and sample logs and commercially available visualization software, it is possible to qualitatively characterize these complex frameworks based on the concept of relative permeability. Relative permeability is the permeable fraction of a deposit expressed as a percentage of its total thickness. In this methodology, uncemented coarse and fine sediments are arbitrarily set at relative permeabilities of 100% and 0%, respectively, with allowances made for log entries containing descriptions of mixed lithologies, heterolithic strata, and cementation. To better understand the arrangement of high- and low-permeability domains within the High Plains aquifer, a pilot study was undertaken in southwest Kansas to create three-dimensional visualizations of relative permeability using a database of >3000 logs. Aggregate relative permeability ranges up to 99% with a mean of 51%. Laterally traceable, thick domains of >80% relative permeability embedded within a lower relative permeability matrix strongly suggest that preferred pathways for lateral and vertical water transmission exist within the aquifer. Similarly, domains with relative permeabilities of <45% are traceable laterally over appreciable distances in the sub-surface and probably act as leaky confining layers. This study shows that the aquifer does not consist solely of local, randomly distributed, hydrostratigraphic units, as suggested by previous studies. ?? 2009 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/GES00203.1","issn":"1553040X","usgsCitation":"Macfarlane, P.A., 2009, New insights into the hydrostratigraphy of the High Plains aquifer from three-dimensional visualizations based on well records: Geosphere, v. 5, no. 1, p. 51-58, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00203.1.","startPage":"51","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487799,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00203.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215889,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00203.1"},{"id":243724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65dce4b0c8380cd72c71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macfarlane, P. A.","contributorId":14597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macfarlane","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70034671,"text":"70034671 - 2009 - Analysis of a cryolava flow-like feature on Titan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T16:09:40.496529","indexId":"70034671","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of a cryolava flow-like feature on Titan","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper reports on the analysis of the highest spatial resolution hyperspectral images acquired by the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) onboard the Cassini spacecraft during its prime mission. A bright area matches a flow-like feature coming out of a caldera-like feature observed in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data recorded by the Cassini radar experiment [Lopes et al., 2007. Cryovolcanic features on Titan's surface as revealed by the Cassini Titan Radar Mapper. Icarus 186, 395–412, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.09.006]. In this SAR image, the flow extends about 160</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km east of the caldera. The contrast in brightness between the flow and the surroundings progressively vanishes, suggesting alteration or evolution of the composition of the cryolava during the lifetime of the eruptions. Dunes seem to cover part of this flow on its eastern end. We analyze the different terrains using the Spectral Mixing Analysis (SMA) approach of the Multiple-Endmember Linear Unmixing Model (MELSUM, Combe et al., 2008). The study area can be fully modeled by using only two types of terrains. Then, the VIMS spectra are compared with laboratory spectra of known materials in the relevant atmospheric windows (from 1 to 2.78</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μm). We considered simple molecules that could be produced during cryovolcanic events, including H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;(using two different grain sizes), CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;and NH</span><sub>3</sub><span>. We find that the mean spectrum of the cryoflow-like feature is not consistent with pure water ice. It can be best fitted by linear combinations of spectra of the candidate materials, showing that its composition is compatible with a mixture of H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;and CO</span><sub>2.</sub></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2009.03.005","usgsCitation":"Le Corre, L., Le Mouelic, S., Sotin, C., Combe, J.#., Rodriguez, S., Barnes, J.W., Brown, R.H., Buratti, B.J., Jaumann, R., Soderblom, J., Soderblom, L., Clark, R., Baines, K.H., and Nicholson, P.D., 2009, Analysis of a cryolava flow-like feature on Titan: Planetary and Space Science, v. 57, no. 7, p. 870-879, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2009.03.005.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"870","endPage":"879","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Titan","volume":"57","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb02e4b0c8380cd48b58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Le Corre, L.","contributorId":92874,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Le Corre","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Le Mouélic, Stéphane","contributorId":92786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Le Mouélic","given":"Stéphane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Combe, J. #NAME?","contributorId":37982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Combe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"#NAME?","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rodriguez, S.","contributorId":54329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barnes, J. W.","contributorId":14554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Soderblom, J.","contributorId":52699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soderblom","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Clark, R.","contributorId":100780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70034681,"text":"70034681 - 2009 - Culture-independent characterization of bacterial communities associated with the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-02T16:47:01.153055","indexId":"70034681","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Culture-independent characterization of bacterial communities associated with the cold-water coral <i>Lophelia pertusa</i> in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico","title":"Culture-independent characterization of bacterial communities associated with the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"<p><span>Bacteria are recognized as an important part of the total biology of shallow-water corals. Studies of shallow-water corals suggest that associated bacteria may benefit the corals by cycling carbon, fixing nitrogen, chelating iron, and producing antibiotics that protect the coral from other microbes. Cold-water or deep-sea corals have a fundamentally different ecology due to their adaptation to cold, dark, high-pressure environments and as such have novel microbiota. The goal of this study was to characterize the microbial associates of&nbsp;</span><i>Lophelia pertusa</i><span>&nbsp;in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. This is the first study to collect the coral samples in individual insulated containers and to preserve coral samples at depth in an effort to minimize thermal shock and evaluate the effects of environmental gradients on the microbial diversity of samples. Molecular analysis of bacterial diversity showed a marked difference between the two study sites, Viosca Knoll 906/862 (VK906/862) and Viosca Knoll 826 (VK826). The bacterial communities from VK826 were dominated by a variety of unknown mycoplasmal members of the&nbsp;</span><i>Tenericutes</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Bacteroidetes</i><span>, whereas the libraries from VK906/862 were dominated by members of the&nbsp;</span><i>Proteobacteria</i><span>. In addition to novel sequences, the 16S rRNA gene clone libraries revealed many bacterial sequences in common between Gulf of Mexico&nbsp;</span><i>Lophelia</i><span>&nbsp;corals and Norwegian fjord&nbsp;</span><i>Lophelia</i><span>&nbsp;corals, as well as shallow-water corals. Two&nbsp;</span><i>Lophelia</i><span>-specific bacterial groups were identified: a cluster of gammaproteobacteria related to sulfide-oxidizing gill symbionts of seep clams and a group of&nbsp;</span><i>Mycoplasma</i><span>&nbsp;spp. The presence of these groups in both Gulf and Norwegian&nbsp;</span><i>Lophelia</i><span>&nbsp;corals indicates that in spite of the geographic heterogeneity observed in&nbsp;</span><i>Lophelia</i><span>-associated bacterial communities, there are&nbsp;</span><i>Lophelia</i><span>-specific microbes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.02357-08","usgsCitation":"Kellogg, C.A., Lisle, J.T., and Galkiewicz, J.P., 2009, Culture-independent characterization of bacterial communities associated with the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 75, no. 8, p. 2294-2303, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02357-08.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2294","endPage":"2303","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476260,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2675238","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243790,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.75,\n              29.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.75,\n              28.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.9,\n              28.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.9,\n              29.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.75,\n              29.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd08e4b0c8380cd4e5c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kellogg, Christina A. 0000-0002-6492-9455 ckellogg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6492-9455","contributorId":391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Christina","email":"ckellogg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lisle, John T. 0000-0002-5447-2092 jlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-2092","contributorId":2944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisle","given":"John","email":"jlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galkiewicz, Julia P.","contributorId":61944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galkiewicz","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034683,"text":"70034683 - 2009 - Coastal groundwater dynamics off Santa Barbara, California: combining geochemical tracers, electromagnetic seepmeters, and electrical resistivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-16T15:38:38","indexId":"70034683","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal groundwater dynamics off Santa Barbara, California: combining geochemical tracers, electromagnetic seepmeters, and electrical resistivity","docAbstract":"<p>This paper presents repeat field measurements of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>222</sup>Rn and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>223,224,226,228</sup><span>Ra,&nbsp;electromagnetic&nbsp;seepage&nbsp;meter-derived advective fluxes, and multi-electrode, stationary and continuous marine resistivity surveys collected between November 2005 and April 2007 to study coastal groundwater dynamics within a marine beach in Santa Barbara, California. The study provides insight into magnitude and dynamics of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and associated nutrient loadings into&nbsp;near-shore&nbsp;coastal waters, where the predominant SGD drivers can be both spatially and temporally separated.</span></p><p>Rn-222 and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>223,224,226,228</sup>Ra were utilized to quantify the total and saline contribution, respectively, of SGD. The two short-lived<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>224,223</sup><span>Ra isotopes provided an estimate of apparent near-shore water mass age, as well as an estimate of the Ra-derived&nbsp;eddy diffusion&nbsp;coefficient,&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>h</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(<sup>224</sup>Ra&nbsp;=&nbsp;2.86&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.7&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>s<sup>−1</sup>;<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>223</sup>Ra&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.32&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.5&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>s<sup>−1</sup>). Because<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>222</sup>Rn (<i>t</i><sub>½</sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp;3.8&nbsp;day) and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>224</sup>Ra (<i>t</i><sub>½&nbsp;</sub>=&nbsp;3.66&nbsp;<span>day) have comparable half-lives and production terms, they were used in concert to examine respective water column removal rates. Electromagnetic seepage meters recorded the physical, bi-directional exchange across the&nbsp;sediment/water interface, which ranged from −6.7 to 14.5</span>&nbsp;cm day<sup>−1</sup>, depending on the sampling period and position relative to the low tide line. Multi-day time-series<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>222</sup>Rn measurements in the near-shore water column yielded total (saline&nbsp;+&nbsp;fresh) SGD rates that ranged from 3.1&nbsp;±&nbsp;2.6 to 9.2&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.8&nbsp;cm day<sup>−1</sup>, depending on the sampling season. Offshore<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>226</sup>Ra (<i>t</i><sub>½</sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp;1600&nbsp;year) and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>222</sup>Rn gradients were used with the calculated<span>&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>h</sub><span>&nbsp;values to determine&nbsp;seabed&nbsp;flux estimates (dpm m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>day<sup>−1</sup>), which were then converted into SGD rates (7.1 and 7.9&nbsp;cm day<sup>−1</sup>, respectively). Lastly, SGD rates were used to calculate associated nutrient loads for the near-shore coastal waters off Santa Barbara. Depending on both the season and the SGD method utilized, the following SGD-derived nutrient inputs were computed (mol per day per meter of shoreline): NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.06–0.29&nbsp;mol day<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>−1</sup>; SiO<sub>4</sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.22–0.29&nbsp;mol day<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>−1</sup>; PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>=&nbsp;0.04–0.17&nbsp;mol day<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>−1</sup>; [NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>&nbsp;+&nbsp;NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>]&nbsp;=&nbsp;0–0.52&nbsp;mol day<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>−1</sup><span>;&nbsp;dissolved inorganic nitrogen&nbsp;(DIN)</span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.01–0.17&nbsp;mol day<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>−1</sup><span>, and&nbsp;dissolved organic nitrogen&nbsp;(DON)</span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.08–0.09&nbsp;mol day<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>−1</sup>. Compared to the ephemeral nature of fluvial and marine inputs into this region, such SGD-derived loadings can provide a sustained source of select nutrients to the coastal waters off Santa Barbara, California that should be accounted for in mass balance estimates.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2009.03.027","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P.W., and Izbicki, J., 2009, Coastal groundwater dynamics off Santa Barbara, California: combining geochemical tracers, electromagnetic seepmeters, and electrical resistivity: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 83, no. 1, p. 77-89, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2009.03.027.","productDescription":"13","startPage":"77","endPage":"89","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215982,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2009.03.027"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Santa Barbara","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.693611,34.391111 ], [ -119.693611,34.420833 ], [ -119.670833,34.420833 ], [ -119.670833,34.391111 ], [ -119.693611,34.391111 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"83","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f783e4b0c8380cd4cb67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034687,"text":"70034687 - 2009 - Biodegradation of 17β-estradiol, estrone and testosterone in stream sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T13:57:27.927546","indexId":"70034687","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biodegradation of 17β-estradiol, estrone and testosterone in stream sediments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Biodegradation of 17&beta;-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and testosterone (T) was investigated in three wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) affected streams in the United States. Relative differences in the mineralization of [4-</span><span>14</span><span>C] substrates were assessed in oxic microcosms containing saturated sediment or water-only from locations upstream and downstream of the WWTP outfall in each system. Upstream sediment demonstrated significant mineralization of the &ldquo;A&rdquo; ring of E2, E1, and T, with biodegradation of T consistently greater than that of E2 and no systematic difference in E2 and E1 biodegradation. &ldquo;A&rdquo; ring mineralization also was observed in downstream sediment, with E1 and T mineralization being substantially depressed relative to upstream samples. In marked contrast, E2 mineralization in sediment immediately downstream from the WWTP outfalls was more than double that in upstream sediment. E2 mineralization was observed in water, albeit at insufficient rate to prevent substantial downstream transport. The results indicate that, in combination with sediment sorption processes which effectively scavenge hydrophobic contaminants from the water column and immobilize them in the vicinity of the WWTP outfall, aerobic biodegradation of reproductive hormones can be an environmentally important mechanism for nonconservative (destructive) attenuation of hormonal endocrine disruptors in effluent-affected streams.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es802797j","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., Barber, L.B., Chapelle, F.H., Gray, J.L., Kolpin, D.W., and McMahon, P.B., 2009, Biodegradation of 17β-estradiol, estrone and testosterone in stream sediments: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 6, p. 1902-1910, https://doi.org/10.1021/es802797j.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1902","endPage":"1910","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215569,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es802797j"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Iowa","city":"Arkeny, Boulder, Denver","otherGeospatial":"Fourmile Creek, Boulder Creek, South Platte River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.69277954101561,\n              41.67086022030498\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.69277954101561,\n              41.79998325207397\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.48403930664062,\n              41.79998325207397\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.48403930664062,\n              41.67086022030498\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.69277954101561,\n              41.67086022030498\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.567626953125,\n              39.55064761909318\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.567626953125,\n              40.13269100586688\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.556884765625,\n              40.13269100586688\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.556884765625,\n              39.55064761909318\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.567626953125,\n              39.55064761909318\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f145e4b0c8380cd4ab42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray, James L. 0000-0002-0807-5635 jlgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-5635","contributorId":1253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"James","email":"jlgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036372,"text":"70036372 - 2009 - Characterizing canopy biochemistry from imaging spectroscopy and its application to ecosystem studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:04","indexId":"70036372","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing canopy biochemistry from imaging spectroscopy and its application to ecosystem studies","docAbstract":"For two decades, remotely sensed data from imaging spectrometers have been used to estimate non-pigment biochemical constituents of vegetation, including water, nitrogen, cellulose, and lignin. This interest has been motivated by the important role that these substances play in physiological processes such as photosynthesis, their relationships with ecosystem processes such as litter decomposition and nutrient cycling, and their use in identifying key plant species and functional groups. This paper reviews three areas of research to improve the application of imaging spectrometers to quantify non-pigment biochemical constituents of plants. First, we examine recent empirical and modeling studies that have advanced our understanding of leaf and canopy reflectance spectra in relation to plant biochemistry. Next, we present recent examples of how spectroscopic remote sensing methods are applied to characterize vegetation canopies, communities and ecosystems. Third, we highlight the latest developments in using imaging spectrometer data to quantify net primary production (NPP) over large geographic areas. Finally, we discuss the major challenges in quantifying non-pigment biochemical constituents of plant canopies from remotely sensed spectra.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2008.10.018","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Kokaly, R., Asner, G.P., Ollinger, S., Martin, M., and Wessman, C., 2009, Characterizing canopy biochemistry from imaging spectroscopy and its application to ecosystem studies: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. SUPPL. 1, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.10.018.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218142,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.10.018"},{"id":246127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4efe4b0c8380cd4bfff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kokaly, R.F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":42381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asner, Gregory P.","contributorId":25393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Asner","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":455773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ollinger, S.V.","contributorId":107967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ollinger","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, M.E.","contributorId":94097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wessman, C.A.","contributorId":48802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wessman","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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