{"pageNumber":"855","pageRowStart":"21350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70036630,"text":"70036630 - 2009 - Implications of estimated magmatic additions and recycling losses at the subduction zones of accretionary (non-collisional) and collisional (suturing) orogens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T12:47:20","indexId":"70036630","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of estimated magmatic additions and recycling losses at the subduction zones of accretionary (non-collisional) and collisional (suturing) orogens","docAbstract":"Arc magmatism at subduction zones (SZs) most voluminously supplies juvenile igneous material to build rafts of continental and intra-oceanic or island arc (CIA) crust. Return or recycling of accumulated CIA material to the mantle is also most vigorous at SZs. Recycling is effected by the processes of sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and detachment and sinking of deeply underthrust sectors of CIA crust. Long-term (>10-20 Ma) rates of additions and losses can be estimated from observational data gathered where oceanic crust underruns modern, long-running (Cenozoic to mid-Mesozoic) ocean-margin subduction zones (OMSZs, e.g. Aleutian and South America SZs). Long-term rates can also be observationally assessed at Mesozoic and older crust-suturing subduction zone (CSSZs) where thick bodies of CIA crust collided in tectonic contact (e.g. Wopmay and Appalachian orogens, India and SE Asia). At modern OMSZs arc magmatic additions at intra-oceanic arcs and at continental margins are globally estimated at c. 1.5 AU and c. 1.0 AU, respectively (1 AU, or Armstrong Unit,= 1 km3 a-1 of solid material). During collisional suturing at fossil CSSZs, global arc magmatic addition is estimated at 0.2 AU. This assessment presumes that in the past the global length of crustal collision zones averaged c. 6000 km, which is one-half that under way since the early Tertiary. The average long-term rate of arc magmatic additions extracted from modern OMSZs and older CSSZs is thus evaluated at 2.7 AU. Crustal recycling at Mesozoic and younger OMSZs is assessed at c. 60 km3 Ma-1 km-1 (c. 60% by subduction erosion). The corresponding global recycling rate is c. 2.5 AU. At CSSZs of Mesozoic, Palaeozoic and Proterozoic age, the combined upper and lower plate losses of CIA crust via subduction erosion, sediment subduction, and lower plate crustal detachment and sinking are assessed far less securely at c. 115 km3 Ma-1 km-1. At a global length of 6000 km, recycling at CSSZs is accordingly c. 0.7 AU. The collective loss of CIA crust estimated for modern OMSZs and for older CSSZs is thus estimated at c. 3.2 AU. SZ additions (2.7 AU) and subtractions (23.2 AU) are similar. Because many uncertainties and assumptions are involved in assessing and applying them to the deep past, the net growth of CIA crust during at least Phanerozoic time is viewed as effectively nil. With increasing uncertainty, the long-term balance can be applied to the Proterozoic, but not before the initiation of the present style of subduction at c. 3 Ga. Allowing that since this time a rounded-down rate of recycling of 3 AU is applicable, a startlingly high volume of CIA crust equal to that existing now has been recycled to the mantle. Although the recycled volume (c. 9 ?? 109 km3) is small (c. 1%) compared with that of the mantle, it is large enough to impart to the mantle the signature of recycled CIA crust. Because subduction zones are not spatially fixed, and their average global lengths have episodically been less or greater than at present, recycling must have contributed significantly to creating recognized heterogeneities in mantle geochemistry. ?? The Geological Society of London 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society Special Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1144/SP318.4","issn":"03058719","usgsCitation":"Scholl, D., and von Huene, R.E., 2009, Implications of estimated magmatic additions and recycling losses at the subduction zones of accretionary (non-collisional) and collisional (suturing) orogens: Geological Society Special Publication, no. 318, p. 105-125, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP318.4.","startPage":"105","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217875,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/SP318.4"}],"issue":"318","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3922e4b0c8380cd617f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, D.W.","contributorId":106461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"von Huene, Roland E. 0000-0003-1301-3866 rvonhuene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3866","contributorId":191070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Huene","given":"Roland","email":"rvonhuene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037457,"text":"70037457 - 2009 - Beach morphology and change along the mixed grain-size delta of the dammed Elwha River, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:07","indexId":"70037457","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beach morphology and change along the mixed grain-size delta of the dammed Elwha River, Washington","docAbstract":"Sediment supply provides a fundamental control on the morphology of river deltas, and humans have significantly modified these supplies for centuries. Here we examine the effects of almost a century of sediment supply reduction from the damming of the Elwha River in Washington on shoreline position and beach morphology of its wave-dominated delta. The mean rate of shoreline erosion during 1939-2006 is ~ 0.6??m/yr, which is equivalent to ~ 24,000??m3/yr of sediment divergence in the littoral cell, a rate approximately equal to 25-50% of the littoral-grade sediment trapped by the dams. Semi-annual surveys between 2004 and 2007 show that most erosion occurs during the winter with lower rates of change in the summer. Shoreline change and morphology also differ spatially. Negligible shoreline change has occurred updrift (west) of the river mouth, where the beach is mixed sand to cobble, cuspate, and reflective. The beach downdrift (east) of the river mouth has had significant and persistent erosion, but this beach differs in that it has a reflective foreshore with a dissipative low-tide terrace. Downdrift beach erosion results from foreshore retreat, which broadens the low-tide terrace with time, and the rate of this kind of erosion has increased significantly from ~ 0.8??m/yr during 1939-1990 to ~ 1.4??m/yr during 1990-2006. Erosion rates for the downdrift beach derived from the 2004-2007 topographic surveys vary between 0 and 13??m/yr, with an average of 3.8??m/yr. We note that the low-tide terrace is significantly coarser (mean grain size ~ 100??mm) than the foreshore (mean grain size ~ 30??mm), a pattern contrary to the typical observation of fining low-tide terraces in the region and worldwide. Because this cobble low-tide terrace is created by foreshore erosion, has been steady over intervals of at least years, is predicted to have negligible longshore transport compared to the foreshore portion of the beach, and is inconsistent with oral history of abundant shellfish collections from the low-tide beach, we suggest that it is an armored layer of cobble clasts that are not generally competent in the physical setting of the delta. Thus, the cobble low-tide terrace is very likely a geomorphological feature caused by coastal erosion of a coastal plain and delta, which in turn is related to the impacts of the dams on the Elwha River to sediment fluxes to the coast.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.04.012","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Warrick, J., George, D., Gelfenbaum, G., Ruggiero, P., Kaminsky, G.M., and Beirne, M., 2009, Beach morphology and change along the mixed grain-size delta of the dammed Elwha River, Washington: Geomorphology, v. 111, no. 3-4, p. 136-148, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.04.012.","startPage":"136","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217440,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.04.012"}],"volume":"111","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f030e4b0c8380cd4a632","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warrick, J.A.","contributorId":53503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"George, D.A.","contributorId":43897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, G.","contributorId":72429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruggiero, P.","contributorId":25995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaminsky, G. M.","contributorId":50586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaminsky","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beirne, M.","contributorId":19815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beirne","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70037009,"text":"70037009 - 2009 - Contrasting residence times and fluxes of water and sulfate in two small forested watersheds in Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:11:25","indexId":"70037009","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contrasting residence times and fluxes of water and sulfate in two small forested watersheds in Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"

Watershed mass balances for solutes of atmospheric origin may be complicated by the residence times of water and solutes at various time scales. In two small forested headwater catchments in the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia, USA, mean annual export rates of SO4= differ by a factor of 2, and seasonal variations in SO4= concentrations in atmospheric deposition and stream water are out of phase. These features were investigated by comparing 3H, 35S, δ34S, δ2H, δ18O, δ3He, CFC-12, SF6, and chemical analyses of open deposition, throughfall, stream water, and spring water. The concentrations of SO4= and radioactive 35S were about twice as high in throughfall as in open deposition, but the weighted composite values of 35S/S (11.1 and 12.1 × 10− 15) and δ34S (+ 3.8 and + 4.1‰) were similar. In both streams (Shelter Run, Mill Run), 3H concentrations and δ34S values during high flow were similar to those of modern deposition, δ2H and δ18O values exhibited damped seasonal variations, and 35S/S ratios (0–3 × 10− 15) were low throughout the year, indicating inter-seasonal to inter-annual storage and release of atmospheric SO4= in both watersheds. In the Mill Run watershed, 3H concentrations in stream base flow (10–13 TU) were consistent with relatively young groundwater discharge, most δ34S values were approximately the same as the modern atmospheric deposition values, and the annual export rate of SO4= was equal to or slightly greater than the modern deposition rate. In the Shelter Run watershed, 3H concentrations in stream base flow (1–3 TU) indicate that much of the discharging ground water had been deposited prior to the onset of atmospheric nuclear bomb testing in the 1950s, base flow δ34S values (+ 1.6‰) were significantly lower than the modern deposition values, and the annual export rate of SO4= was less than the modern deposition rate. Concentrations of 3H and 35S in Shelter Run base flow, and of 3H, 3He, CFC-12, SF6, and 35S in a spring discharging to Shelter Run, all were consistent with a bimodal distribution of discharging ground-water ages with approximately 5–20% less than a few years old and 75–95% more than 40 years old. These results provide evidence for 3 important time-scales of SO4= transport through the watersheds: (1) short-term (weekly to monthly) storage and release of dry deposition in the forest canopy between precipitation events; (2) mid-term (seasonal to interannual) cycles in net storage in the near-surface environment, and (3) long-term (decadal to centennial) storage in deep ground water that appears to be related to relatively low SO4= concentrations in spring discharge that dominates Shelter Run base flow. It is possible that the relatively low concentrations and low δ34S values of SO4= in spring discharge and Shelter Run base flow may reflect those of atmospheric deposition before the middle of the 20th century. In addition to storage in soils and biota, variations in ground-water residence times at a wide range of time scales may have important effects on monitoring, modeling, and predicting watershed responses to changing atmospheric deposition in small watersheds.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.02.007","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Böhlke, J., and Michel, R.L., 2009, Contrasting residence times and fluxes of water and sulfate in two small forested watersheds in Virginia, USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 407, no. 14, p. 4363-4377, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.02.007.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"4363","endPage":"4377","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217301,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.02.007"}],"volume":"407","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa7be4b0c8380cd4db08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037156,"text":"70037156 - 2009 - Impediments to predicting site response: Seismic property estimation and modeling simplifications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037156","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impediments to predicting site response: Seismic property estimation and modeling simplifications","docAbstract":"We compare estimates of the empirical transfer function (ETF) to the plane SH-wave theoretical transfer function (TTF) within a laterally constant medium for invasive and noninvasive estimates of the seismic shear-wave slownesses at 13 Kiban-Kyoshin network stations throughout Japan. The difference between the ETF and either of the TTFs is substantially larger than the difference between the two TTFs computed from different estimates of the seismic properties. We show that the plane SH-wave TTF through a laterally homogeneous medium at vertical incidence inadequately models observed amplifications at most sites for both slowness estimates, obtained via downhole measurements and the spectral analysis of surface waves. Strategies to improve the predictions can be separated into two broad categories: improving the measurement of soil properties and improving the theory that maps the 1D soil profile onto spectral amplification. Using an example site where the 1D plane SH-wave formulation poorly predicts the ETF, we find a more satisfactory fit to the ETF by modeling the full wavefield and incorporating spatially correlated variability of the seismic properties. We conclude that our ability to model the observed site response transfer function is limited largely by the assumptions of the theoretical formulation rather than the uncertainty of the soil property estimates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120080224","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Thompson, E., Baise, L., Kayen, R.E., and Guzina, B., 2009, Impediments to predicting site response: Seismic property estimation and modeling simplifications: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 5, p. 2927-2949, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080224.","startPage":"2927","endPage":"2949","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217249,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080224"},{"id":245180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3905e4b0c8380cd61790","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, E.M.","contributorId":104688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baise, L.G.","contributorId":6239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baise","given":"L.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kayen, R. E.","contributorId":14424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guzina, B.B.","contributorId":33555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guzina","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037282,"text":"70037282 - 2009 - Instrumental record of debris flow initiation during natural rainfall: Implications for modeling slope stability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T22:29:48.316269","indexId":"70037282","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Instrumental record of debris flow initiation during natural rainfall: Implications for modeling slope stability","docAbstract":"

The middle of a hillslope hollow in the Oregon Coast Range failed and mobilized as a debris flow during heavy rainfall in November 1996. Automated pressure transducers recorded high spatial variability of pore water pressure within the area that mobilized as a debris flow, which initiated where local upward flow from bedrock developed into overlying colluvium. Postfailure observations of the bedrock surface exposed in the debris flow scar reveal a strong spatial correspondence between elevated piezometric response and water discharging from bedrock fractures. Measurements of apparent root cohesion on the basal (Cb) and lateral (Cl) scarp demonstrate substantial local variability, with areally weighted values of Cb = 0.1 and Cl = 4.6 kPa. Using measured soil properties and basal root strength, the widely used infinite slope model, employed assuming slope parallel groundwater flow, provides a poor prediction of hydrologic conditions at failure. In contrast, a model including lateral root strength (but neglecting lateral frictional strength) gave a predicted critical value of relative soil saturation that fell within the range defined by the arithmetic and geometric mean values at the time of failure. The 3‐D slope stability model CLARA‐W, used with locally observed pore water pressure, predicted small areas with lower factors of safety within the overall slide mass at sites consistent with field observations of where the failure initiated. This highly variable and localized nature of small areas of high pore pressure that can trigger slope failure means, however, that substantial uncertainty appears inevitable for estimating hydrologic conditions within incipient debris flows under natural conditions.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008JF001078","usgsCitation":"Montgomery, D.R., Schmidt, K., Dietrich, W.E., and McKean, J., 2009, Instrumental record of debris flow initiation during natural rainfall: Implications for modeling slope stability: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 114, no. F1, F01031, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JF001078.","productDescription":"F01031, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476367,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jf001078","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Mettman Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.47509765625,\n 43.17313537107136\n ],\n [\n -123.914794921875,\n 43.17313537107136\n ],\n [\n -123.914794921875,\n 43.691707903073805\n ],\n [\n -124.47509765625,\n 43.691707903073805\n ],\n [\n -124.47509765625,\n 43.17313537107136\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"F1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c46e4b0c8380cd62bf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montgomery, D. R.","contributorId":41582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montgomery","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, K. M. 0000-0003-2365-8035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-8035","contributorId":59830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"K. M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":460262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dietrich, W. E.","contributorId":47538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dietrich","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKean, J.","contributorId":60054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKean","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034686,"text":"70034686 - 2009 - Deposition and flux of sediment from the Po River, Italy: An idealized and wintertime numerical modeling study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70034686","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deposition and flux of sediment from the Po River, Italy: An idealized and wintertime numerical modeling study","docAbstract":"Recent studies of sediment dynamics and clinoform development in the northern Adriatic Sea focused on winter 2002-2003 and provided the data and motivation for development of a detailed sediment-transport model for the area near the Po River delta. We used both idealized test cases and more realistic simulations to improve our understanding of seasonal sediment dynamics there. We also investigated the relationship between physical processes and the observed depositional products; e.g. the accumulation of sediment very near the Po River distributary mouths. Sediment transport near the Po River was evaluated using a three-dimensional ocean model coupled to sediment-transport calculations that included wave- and current-induced resuspension, suspended-sediment transport, multiple grain classes, and fluvial input from the Po River. High-resolution estimates from available meteorological and wave models were used to specify wind, wave, and meteorological forcing. Model results indicated that more than half of the discharged sediment remained within 15??km of the Po River distributary mouths, even after two months of intensive reworking by winter storms. During floods of the Po River, transport in the middle to upper water column dominated sediment fluxes. Otherwise, sediment fluxes from the subaqueous portion of the delta were confined to the bottom few meters of the water column, and correlated with increases in current speed and wave energy. Spatial and temporal variation in wind velocities determined depositional patterns and the directions of sediment transport. Northeasterly Bora winds produced relatively more eastward transport, while southwesterly Sirocco winds generated fluxes towards both the north and the south. Eastward transport accounted for the majority of the sediment exported from the subaqueous delta, most likely due to the frequent occurrence of Bora conditions. Progradation of the Po River delta into the Adriatic Sea may restrict the formation of the Western Adriatic Coastal Current, increasing sediment retention at the Po delta and reducing the supply of sediment to the Apennine margin. A positive morphodynamic feedback may therefore be present whereby the extension of the delta into the Adriatic increases sediment accumulation at the delta and facilitates further progradation. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2009.01.007","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Bever, A., Harris, C.K., Sherwood, C.R., and Signell, R.P., 2009, Deposition and flux of sediment from the Po River, Italy: An idealized and wintertime numerical modeling study: Marine Geology, v. 260, no. 1-4, p. 69-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2009.01.007.","startPage":"69","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216014,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2009.01.007"}],"volume":"260","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059feb6e4b0c8380cd4eea6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bever, A.J.","contributorId":48766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bever","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, C. K.","contributorId":80337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherwood, C. R.","contributorId":48235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Signell, R. P.","contributorId":89147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037220,"text":"70037220 - 2009 - Fish passage and abundance around grade control structures on incised streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037220","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Fish passage and abundance around grade control structures on incised streams","docAbstract":"This paper summarizes research from separate studies of fish passage over weirs (Larson et al., 2004; Litvan, 2006; Litvan, et al., 2008a-c) and weir hydraulics (Papanicolaou and Dermisis, 2006; Papanicolaou and Dermisis, in press). Channel incision in the deep loess region of western Iowa has caused decreased biodiversity because streams have high sediment loads, altered flow regimes, lost habitat, and lost lateral connectivity with their former floodplains. In-stream grade control structures (GCS) are built to prevent further erosion, protect infrastructure, and reduce sediment loads. However, GCS can have a detrimental impact on fisheries abundance and migration, biodiversity, and longitudinal connectivity. Fish mark-recapture studies were performed on stretches of streams with and without GCS. GCS with vertical or 1:4 (rise/run) downstream slopes did not allow fish migration, but GCS with slopes ??? 1:15 did. GCS sites were characterized by greater proportions of pool habitat, maximum depths, fish biomass, slightly higher index of biotic integrity (IBI) scores, and greater macroinvertebrate abundance and diversity than non-GCS sites. After modification of three GCS, IBI scores increased and fish species exhibiting truncated distributions before were found throughout the study area. Another study examined the hydraulic performance of GCS to facilitate unimpeded fish passage by determining the mean and turbulent flow characteristics in the vicinity of the GCS via detailed, non-intrusive field tests. Mean flow depth (Y) and velocity (V) atop the GCS were critical for evaluating GCS performance. Turbulent flow measurements illustrated that certain GCS designs cause sudden constrictions which form eddies large enough to disorient fish. GCS with slopes ??? 1:15 best met the minimum requirements to allow catfish passage of a flow depth of ??? 0.31 m and a mean flow velocity of ??? 1.22 m/s. ?? 2009 ASCE.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers","conferenceTitle":"World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers","conferenceDate":"17 May 2009 through 21 May 2009","conferenceLocation":"Kansas City, MO","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/41036(342)312","isbn":"9780784410363","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J., Papanicolaou, A., Pierce, C., Dermisis, D., Litvan, M., and Larson, C., 2009, Fish passage and abundance around grade control structures on incised streams, in Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers, v. 342, Kansas City, MO, 17 May 2009 through 21 May 2009, p. 3082-3091, https://doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)312.","startPage":"3082","endPage":"3091","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476273,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1015&context=nrem_conf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":217253,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)312"},{"id":245184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"342","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10a0e4b0c8380cd53d44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, J.T.","contributorId":80119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Papanicolaou, A.N.","contributorId":10208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papanicolaou","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, C.L. 0000-0001-5088-5431","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-5431","contributorId":93606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dermisis, D.C.","contributorId":13465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dermisis","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Litvan, M.E.","contributorId":67734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litvan","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larson, C.J.","contributorId":35957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034916,"text":"70034916 - 2009 - The 1911 M ~6.6 Calaveras earthquake: Source parameters and the role of static, viscoelastic, and dynamic coulomb stress changes imparted by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034916","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1911 M ~6.6 Calaveras earthquake: Source parameters and the role of static, viscoelastic, and dynamic coulomb stress changes imparted by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake","docAbstract":"The occurrence of a right-lateral strike-slip earthquake in 1911 is inconsistent with the calculated 0.2-2.5 bar static stress decrease imparted by the 1906 rupture at that location on the Calaveras fault, and 5 yr of calculated post-1906 viscoelastic rebound does little to reload the fault. We have used all available first-motion, body-wave, and surface-wave data to explore possible focal mechanisms for the 1911 earthquake. We find that the event was most likely a right-lateral strikeslip event on the Calaveras fault, larger than, but otherwise resembling, the 1984 Mw 6.1 Morgan Hill earthquake in roughly the same location. Unfortunately, we could recover no unambiguous surface fault offset or geodetic strain data to corroborate the seismic analysis despite an exhaustive archival search. We calculated the static and dynamic Coulomb stress changes for three 1906 source models to understand stress transfer to the 1911 site. In contrast to the static stress shadow, the peak dynamic Coulomb stress imparted by the 1906 rupture promoted failure at the site of the 1911 earthquake by 1.4-5.8 bar. Perhaps because the sample is small and the aftershocks are poorly located, we find no correlation of 1906 aftershock frequency or magnitude with the peak dynamic stress, although all aftershocks sustained a calculated dynamic stress of ???3 bar. Just 20 km to the south of the 1911 epicenter, we find that surface creep of the Calaveras fault at Hollister paused for ~17 yr after 1906, about the expected delay for the calculated static stress drop imparted by the 1906 earthquake when San Andreas fault postseismic creep and viscoelastic relaxation are included. Thus, the 1911 earthquake may have been promoted by the transient dynamic stresses, while Calaveras fault creep 20 km to the south appears to have been inhibited by the static stress changes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120080305","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Doser, D.I., Olsen, K., Pollitz, F., Stein, R., and Toda, S., 2009, The 1911 M ~6.6 Calaveras earthquake: Source parameters and the role of static, viscoelastic, and dynamic coulomb stress changes imparted by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 3, p. 1746-1759, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080305.","startPage":"1746","endPage":"1759","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215706,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080305"},{"id":243528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba619e4b08c986b320ebc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doser, D. I.","contributorId":93256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doser","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, K.B.","contributorId":66022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Toda, S.","contributorId":102228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toda","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037005,"text":"70037005 - 2009 - Learning to be different: Acquired skills, social learning, frequency dependence, and environmental variation can cause behaviourally mediated foraging specializations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037005","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1604,"text":"Evolutionary Ecology Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Learning to be different: Acquired skills, social learning, frequency dependence, and environmental variation can cause behaviourally mediated foraging specializations","docAbstract":"Question: How does the ability to improve foraging skills by learning, and to transfer that learned knowledge, affect the development of intra-population foraging specializations? Features of the model: We use both a state-dependent life-history model implemented by stochastic dynamic programming (SDPM) and an individual-based model (IBM) to capture the dynamic nature of behavioural preferences in feeding. Variables in the SDPM include energy reserves, skill levels, energy and handling time per single prey item, metabolic rate, the rates at which skills are learned and forgotten, the effect of skills on handling time, and the relationship between energy reserves and fitness. Additional variables in the IBM include the probability of successful weaning, the logistic dynamics of the prey species with stochastic recruitment, the intensity of top-down control of prey by predators, the mean and variance in skill levels of new recruits, and the extent to which learned Information can be transmitted via matrilineal social learning. Key range of variables: We explore the effects of approaching the time horizon in the SDPM, changing the extent to which skills can improve with experience, increasing the rates of learning or forgetting of skills, changing whether the learning curve is constant, accelerating (T-shaped) or decelerating ('r'-shaped), changing both mean and maximum possible energy reserves, changing metabolic costs of foraging, and changing the rate of encounter with prey. Conclusions: The model results show that the following factors increase the degree of prey specialization observed in a predator population: (1) Experience handling a prey type can substantially improve foraging skills for that prey. (2) There is limited ability to retain complex learned skills for multiple prey types. (3) The learning curve for acquiring new foraging skills is accelerating, or J-shaped. (4) The metabolic costs of foraging are high relative to available energy reserves. (5) Offspring can learn foraging skills from their mothers (matrilineal social learning). (6) Food abundance is limited, such that average individual energy reserves are low Additionally, the following factors increase the likelihood of alternative specializations co-occurring in a predator population: (1) The predator exerts effective top-down control of prey abundance, resulting in frequency-dependent dynamics. (2) There is stochastic Variation in prey population dynamics, but this Variation is neither too extreme in magnitude nor too 'slow' with respect to the time required for an individual forager to learn new foraging skills. For a given predator population, we deduce that the degree of specialization will be highest for those prey types requiring complex capture or handling skills, while prey species that are both profitable and easy to capture and handle will be included in the diet of all individuals. Frequency-dependent benefits of selecting alternative prey types, combined with the ability of foragers to improve their foraging skills by learning, and transmit learned skills to offspring, can result in behaviourally mediated foraging specialization, and also lead to the co-existence of alternative specializations. The extent of such specialization is predicted to be a variable trait, increasing in locations or years when intra-specific competition is high relative to inter-specific competition. ?? 2009 M. Tim Tinker.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Evolutionary Ecology Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"15220613","usgsCitation":"Tinker, M.T., Mangel, M., and Estes, J.A., 2009, Learning to be different: Acquired skills, social learning, frequency dependence, and environmental variation can cause behaviourally mediated foraging specializations: Evolutionary Ecology Research, v. 11, no. 6, p. 841-869.","startPage":"841","endPage":"869","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a45f1e4b0c8380cd67538","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tinker, M. T. 0000-0002-3314-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":54152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mangel, M.","contributorId":8309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037489,"text":"70037489 - 2009 - Comparative endocrinology in the 21st century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037489","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2010,"text":"Integrative and Comparative Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative endocrinology in the 21st century","docAbstract":"Hormones coordinate developmental, physiological, and behavioral processes within and between all living organisms. They orchestrate and shape organogenesis from early in development, regulate the acquisition, assimilation, and utilization of nutrients to support growth and metabolism, control gamete production and sexual behavior, mediate organismal responses to environmental change, and allow for communication of information between organisms. Genes that code for hormones; the enzymes that synthesize, metabolize, and transport hormones; and hormone receptors are important targets for natural selection, and variation in their expression and function is a major driving force for the evolution of morphology and life history. Hormones coordinate physiology and behavior of populations of organisms, and thus play key roles in determining the structure of populations, communities, and ecosystems. The field of endocrinology is concerned with the study of hormones and their actions. This field is rooted in the comparative study of hormones in diverse species, which has provided the foundation for the modern fields of evolutionary, environmental, and biomedical endocrinology. Comparative endocrinologists work at the cutting edge of the life sciences. They identify new hormones, hormone receptors and mechanisms of hormone action applicable to diverse species, including humans; study the impact of habitat destruction, pollution, and climatic change on populations of organisms; establish novel model systems for studying hormones and their functions; and develop new genetic strains and husbandry practices for efficient production of animal protein. While the model system approach has dominated biomedical research in recent years, and has provided extraordinary insight into many basic cellular and molecular processes, this approach is limited to investigating a small minority of organisms. Animals exhibit tremendous diversity in form and function, life-history strategies, and responses to the environment. A major challenge for life scientists in the 21st century is to understand how a changing environment impacts all life on earth. A full understanding of the capabilities of organisms to respond to environmental variation, and the resilience of organisms challenged by environmental changes and extremes, is necessary for understanding the impact of pollution and climatic change on the viability of populations. Comparative endocrinologists have a key role to play in these efforts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Integrative and Comparative Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1093/icb/icp082","issn":"15407063","usgsCitation":"Denver, R., Hopkins, P., McCormick, S., Propper, C., Riddiford, L., Sower, S., and Wingfield, J., 2009, Comparative endocrinology in the 21st century: Integrative and Comparative Biology, v. 49, no. 4, p. 339-348, https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icp082.","startPage":"339","endPage":"348","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476200,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icp082","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217070,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icp082"},{"id":244982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f819e4b0c8380cd4ce99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denver, R.J.","contributorId":51159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denver","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopkins, P.M.","contributorId":25828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":461292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Propper, C.R.","contributorId":11074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Propper","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Riddiford, L.","contributorId":42844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riddiford","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sower, S.A.","contributorId":52841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sower","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wingfield, J.C.","contributorId":22929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingfield","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70034946,"text":"70034946 - 2009 - Environmental influences on speleothem growth in southwestern Oregon during the last 380, 000 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-27T11:13:24","indexId":"70034946","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental influences on speleothem growth in southwestern Oregon during the last 380, 000 years","docAbstract":"

The growth of carbonate formations in caves (speleothems) is sensitive to changes in environmental conditions at the surface (temperature, precipitation and vegetation) and can provide useful paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental information. We use 73 230Th dates from speleothems collected from a cave in southwestern Oregon (USA) to constrain speleothem growth for the past 380 000 years. Most speleothem growth occurred during interglacial periods, whereas little growth occurred during glacial intervals. To evaluate potential environmental controls on speleothem growth we use two new modeling approaches: i) a one-dimensional thermal advection–diffusion model to estimate cave temperatures during the last glacial cycle, and ii) a regional climate model simulation for the Last Glacial Maximum (21 000 years before present) that assesses a range of potential controls on speleothem growth under peak glacial conditions. The two models are mutually consistent in indicating that permafrost formation did not influence speleothem growth during glacial periods. Instead, the regional climate model simulation combined with proxy data suggest that the influence of the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets on atmospheric circulation induced substantial changes in water balance in the Pacific Northwest and affected speleothem growth at our location. The overall drier conditions during glacial intervals and associated periods of frozen topsoil at times of maximum surface runoff likely induced drastic changes in cave recharge and limited speleothem growth. This mechanism could have affected speleothem growth in other mid-latitude caves without requiring the presence of permafrost.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2009.01.008","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Ersek, V., Hostetler, S.W., Cheng, H., Clark, P., Anslow, F.S., Mix, A.C., and Edwards, R.L., 2009, Environmental influences on speleothem growth in southwestern Oregon during the last 380, 000 years: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 279, no. 3-4, p. 316-325, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.01.008.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"316","endPage":"325","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215679,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.01.008"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.02636718749999,\n 42.016651835568226\n ],\n [\n -116.98242187499999,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -117.22412109375,\n 44.37098696297173\n ],\n [\n -116.52099609375,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -117.00439453125,\n 46.057985244793024\n ],\n [\n -117.18017578125,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -119.0478515625,\n 46.01222384063236\n ],\n [\n -120.498046875,\n 45.75219336063106\n ],\n [\n -122.58544921875,\n 45.62940492064501\n ],\n [\n -122.98095703125,\n 46.11894150610708\n ],\n [\n -124.03564453125,\n 46.195042108660154\n ],\n [\n -124.60693359374999,\n 42.81152174509788\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 42.56926437219384\n ],\n [\n -124.43115234375,\n 42.24478535602799\n ],\n [\n -124.25537109375,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -117.02636718749999,\n 42.016651835568226\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"279","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09d2e4b0c8380cd520a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ersek, Vasile","contributorId":37560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ersek","given":"Vasile","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostetler, Steven W. 0000-0003-2272-8302 swhostet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":3249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"Steven","email":"swhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cheng, Hai","contributorId":85896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Hai","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, Peter U.","contributorId":68994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Peter U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anslow, Faron S.","contributorId":35442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anslow","given":"Faron","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mix, Alan C.","contributorId":83346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mix","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Edwards, R. Lawrence","contributorId":69760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lawrence","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70034834,"text":"70034834 - 2009 - The role of reaction affinity and secondary minerals in regulating chemical weathering rates at the Santa Cruz Soil Chronosequence, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T19:24:58","indexId":"70034834","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of reaction affinity and secondary minerals in regulating chemical weathering rates at the Santa Cruz Soil Chronosequence, California","docAbstract":"In order to explore the reasons for the apparent discrepancy between laboratory and field weathering rates and to determine the extent to which weathering rates are controlled by the approach to thermodynamic equilibrium, secondary mineral precipitation, and flow rates, a multicomponent reactive transport model (CrunchFlow) was used to interpret soil profile development and mineral precipitation and dissolution rates at the 226 ka Marine Terrace Chronosequence near Santa Cruz, CA. Aqueous compositions, fluid chemistry, transport, and mineral abundances are well characterized [White A. F., Schulz M. S., Vivit D. V., Blum A., Stonestrom D. A. and Anderson S. P. (2008) Chemical weathering of a Marine Terrace Chronosequence, Santa Cruz, California. I: interpreting the long-term controls on chemical weathering based on spatial and temporal element and mineral distributions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 72 (1), 36-68] and were used to constrain the reaction rates for the weathering and precipitating minerals in the reactive transport modeling. When primary mineral weathering rates are calculated with either of two experimentally determined rate constants, the nonlinear, parallel rate law formulation of Hellmann and Tisserand [Hellmann R. and Tisserand D. (2006) Dissolution kinetics as a function of the Gibbs free energy of reaction: An experimental study based on albite feldspar. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70 (2), 364-383] or the aluminum inhibition model proposed by Oelkers et al. [Oelkers E. H., Schott J. and Devidal J. L. (1994) The effect of aluminum, pH, and chemical affinity on the rates of aluminosilicate dissolution reactions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58 (9), 2011-2024], modeling results are consistent with field-scale observations when independently constrained clay precipitation rates are accounted for. Experimental and field rates, therefore, can be reconciled at the Santa Cruz site. Additionally, observed maximum clay abundances in the argillic horizons occur at the depth and time where the reaction fronts of the primary minerals overlap. The modeling indicates that the argillic horizon at Santa Cruz can be explained almost entirely by weathering of primary minerals and in situ clay precipitation accompanied by undersaturation of kaolinite at the top of the profile. The rate constant for kaolinite precipitation was also determined based on model simulations of mineral abundances and dissolved Al, SiO2(aq) and pH in pore waters. Changes in the rate of kaolinite precipitation or the flow rate do not affect the gradient of the primary mineral weathering profiles, but instead control the rate of propagation of the primary mineral weathering fronts and thus total mass removed from the weathering profile. Our analysis suggests that secondary clay precipitation is as important as aqueous transport in governing the amount of dissolution that occurs within a profile because clay minerals exert a strong control over the reaction affinity of the dissolving primary minerals. The modeling also indicates that the weathering advance rate and the total mass of mineral dissolved is controlled by the thermodynamic saturation of the primary dissolving phases plagioclase and K-feldspar, as is evident from the difference in propagation rates of the reaction fronts for the two minerals despite their very similar kinetic rate laws. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2009.01.030","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Maher, K., Steefel, C., White, A.F., and Stonestrom, D.A., 2009, The role of reaction affinity and secondary minerals in regulating chemical weathering rates at the Santa Cruz Soil Chronosequence, California: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 73, no. 10, p. 2804-2831, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.01.030.","startPage":"2804","endPage":"2831","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476121,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/951793","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215846,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.01.030"},{"id":243677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf90e4b08c986b3248ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maher, K.","contributorId":17046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maher","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steefel, Carl","contributorId":66932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steefel","given":"Carl","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":447867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036836,"text":"70036836 - 2009 - Geological evolution of the Neoproterozoic Bemarivo Belt, northern Madagascar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-28T21:22:49.523707","indexId":"70036836","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geological evolution of the Neoproterozoic Bemarivo Belt, northern Madagascar","docAbstract":"

The broadly east-west trending, Late Neoproterozoic Bemarivo Belt in northern Madagascar has been re-surveyed at 1:100 000 scale as part of a large multi-disciplinary World Bank-sponsored project. The work included acquisition of 14 U-Pb zircon dates and whole-rock major and trace element geochemical data of representative rocks. The belt has previously been modelled as a juvenile Neoproterozoic arc and our findings broadly support that model. The integrated datasets indicate that the Bemarivo Belt is separated by a major ductile shear zone into northern and southern \"terranes\", each with different lithostratigraphy and ages. However, both formed as Neoproterozoic arc/marginal basin assemblages that were translated southwards over the north-south trending domains of \"cratonic\" Madagascar, during the main collisional phase of the East African Orogeny at ca. 540 Ma. The older, southern terrane consists of a sequence of high-grade paragneisses (Sahantaha Group), which were derived from a Palaeoproterozoic source and formed a marginal sequence to the Archaean cratons to the south. These rocks are intruded by an extensive suite of arc-generated metamorphosed plutonic rocks, known as the Antsirabe Nord Suite. Four samples from this suite yielded U-Pb SHRIMP ages at ca. 750 Ma. The northern terrane consists of three groups of metamorphosed supracrustal rocks, including a possible Archaean sequence (Betsiaka Group: maximum depositional age approximately 2477 Ma) and two volcano-sedimentary sequences (high-grade Milanoa Group: maximum depositional age approximately 750 Ma; low grade Daraina Group: extrusive age = 720-740 Ma). These supracrustal rocks are intruded by another suite of arc-generated metamorphosed plutonic rocks, known as the Manambato Suite, 4 samples of which gave U-Pb SHRIMP ages between 705 and 718 Ma. Whole-rock geochemical data confirm the calc-alkaline, arc-related nature of the plutonic rocks. The volcanic rocks of the Daraina and Milanoa groups also show characteristics of arc-related magmatism, but include both calc-alkaline and tholeiitic compositions. It is not certain when the two Bemarivo terranes were juxtaposed, but ages from metamorphic rims on zircon suggest that both the northern and southern terranes were accreted to the northern cratonic margin of Madagascar at about 540-530 Ma. Terrane accretion included the assembly of the Archaean Antongil and Antananarivo cratons and the high-grade Neoproterozoic Anaboriana Belt. Late- to post-tectonic granitoids of the Maevarano Suite, the youngest plutons of which gave ca. 520 Ma ages, intrude all terranes in northern Madagascar showing that terrane accretion was completed by this time. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2009.04.008","usgsCitation":"Thomas, R., De Waele, B., Schofield, D.I., Goodenough, K.M., Horstwood, M., Tucker, R., Bauer, W., Annells, R., Howard, K.J., Walsh, G., Rabarimanana, M., Rafahatelo, J.M., Ralison, A., and Randriamananjara, T., 2009, Geological evolution of the Neoproterozoic Bemarivo Belt, northern Madagascar: Precambrian Research, v. 172, no. 3-4, p. 279-300, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2009.04.008.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"300","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476202,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/7336/1/Abstract.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245738,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Madagascar","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 50.844511447998855,\n -12.487761039401093\n ],\n [\n 44.662766967466524,\n -12.487761039401093\n ],\n [\n 44.662766967466524,\n -16.603628138472203\n ],\n [\n 50.844511447998855,\n -16.603628138472203\n ],\n [\n 50.844511447998855,\n -12.487761039401093\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"172","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a225fe4b0c8380cd56fb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Ronald J.","contributorId":25371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Ronald J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"De Waele, B.","contributorId":42004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"De Waele","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schofield, D. I.","contributorId":101094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schofield","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goodenough, K. M.","contributorId":43182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodenough","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Horstwood, M.","contributorId":38823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horstwood","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tucker, R.","contributorId":106683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bauer, W.","contributorId":35424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bauer","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Annells, R.","contributorId":50760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Annells","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Howard, K. J.","contributorId":25682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howard","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":458075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Walsh, G. 0000-0003-4264-8836","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":90574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rabarimanana, M.","contributorId":47179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rabarimanana","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Rafahatelo, J. M.","contributorId":18984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rafahatelo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Ralison, A.V.","contributorId":77368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralison","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Randriamananjara, T.","contributorId":78948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Randriamananjara","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70036997,"text":"70036997 - 2009 - High-quality unsaturated zone hydraulic property data for hydrologic applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-08T07:47:51","indexId":"70036997","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-quality unsaturated zone hydraulic property data for hydrologic applications","docAbstract":"In hydrologic studies, especially those using dynamic unsaturated zone moisture modeling, calculations based on property transfer models informed by hydraulic property databases are often used in lieu of measured data from the site of interest. Reliance on database-informed predicted values has become increasingly common with the use of neural networks. High-quality data are needed for databases used in this way and for theoretical and property transfer model development and testing. Hydraulic properties predicted on the basis of existing databases may be adequate in some applications but not others. An obvious problem occurs when the available database has few or no data for samples that are closely related to the medium of interest. The data set presented in this paper includes saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, water retention, particle-size distributions, and bulk properties. All samples are minimally disturbed, all measurements were performed using the same state of the art techniques and the environments represented are diverse.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2008WR007497","usgsCitation":"Perkins, K., and Nimmo, J.R., 2009, High-quality unsaturated zone hydraulic property data for hydrologic applications: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 7, W07417; 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007497.","productDescription":"W07417; 9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476139,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr007497","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30f8e4b0c8380cd5dafb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perkins, Kimberlie 0000-0001-8349-447X kperkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-447X","contributorId":138544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Kimberlie","email":"kperkins@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034888,"text":"70034888 - 2009 - Environmental forcing on life history strategies: Evidence for multi-trophic level responses at ocean basin scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-05T16:08:45","indexId":"70034888","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3194,"text":"Progress in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental forcing on life history strategies: Evidence for multi-trophic level responses at ocean basin scales","docAbstract":"

Variation in life history traits of organisms is thought to reflect adaptations to environmental forcing occurring from bottom-up and top-down processes. Such variation occurs not only among, but also within species, indicating demographic plasticity in response to environmental conditions. From a broad literature review, we present evidence for ocean basin- and large marine ecosystem-scale variation in intra-specific life history traits, with similar responses occurring among trophic levels from relatively short-lived secondary producers to very long-lived apex predators. Between North Atlantic and North Pacific Ocean basins, for example, species in the Eastern Pacific exhibited either later maturation, lower fecundity, and/or greater annual survival than conspecifics in the Western Atlantic. Parallel variations in life histories among trophic levels also occur in adjacent seas and between eastern vs. western ocean boundaries. For example, zooplankton and seabird species in cooler Barents Sea waters exhibit lower fecundity or greater annual survival than conspecifics in the Northeast Atlantic. Sea turtles exhibit a larger size and a greater reproductive output in the Western Pacific vs. Eastern Pacific. These examples provide evidence for food-web-wide modifications in life history strategies in response to environmental forcing. We hypothesize that such dichotomies result from frequency and amplitude shifts in resource availability over varying temporal and spatial scales. We review data that supports three primary mechanisms by which environmental forcing affects life history strategies: (1) food-web structure; (2) climate variability affecting the quantity and seasonality of primary productivity; (3) bottom-up vs. top-down forcing. These proposed mechanisms provide a framework for comparisons of ecosystem function among oceanic regions (or regimes) and are essential in modeling ecosystem response to climate change, as well as for creating dynamic ecosystem-based marine conservation strategies.

","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon Press","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2009.04.012","issn":"00796611","usgsCitation":"Suryan, R., Saba, V.S., Wallace, B.P., Hatch, S.A., Frederiksen, M., and Wanless, S., 2009, Environmental forcing on life history strategies: Evidence for multi-trophic level responses at ocean basin scales: Progress in Oceanography, v. 81, no. 1-4, p. 214-222, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2009.04.012.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"214","endPage":"222","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09c3e4b0c8380cd52059","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suryan, Robert M.","contributorId":101799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suryan","given":"Robert M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saba, Vincent S.","contributorId":49098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saba","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallace, Bryan P.","contributorId":45819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frederiksen, Morten","contributorId":96404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederiksen","given":"Morten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wanless, Sarah","contributorId":45446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanless","given":"Sarah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70035690,"text":"70035690 - 2009 - Untangling the biological contributions to soil stability in semiarid shrublands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-10T15:23:11","indexId":"70035690","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Untangling the biological contributions to soil stability in semiarid shrublands","docAbstract":"Communities of plants, biological soil crusts (BSCs), and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are known to influence soil stability individually, but their relative contributions, interactions, and combined effects are not well understood, particularly in arid and semiarid ecosystems. In a landscape-scale field study we quantified plant, BSC, and AM fungal communities at 216 locations along a gradient of soil stability levels in southern Utah, USA. We used multivariate modeling to examine the relative influences of plants, BSCs, and AM fungi on surface and subsurface stability in a semiarid shrubland landscape. Models were found to be congruent with the data and explained 35% of the variation in surface stability and 54% of the variation in subsurface stability. The results support several tentative conclusions. While BSCs, plants, and AM fungi all contribute to surface stability, only plants and AM fungi contribute to subsurface stability. In both surface and subsurface models, the strongest contributions to soil stability are made by biological components of the system. Biological soil crust cover was found to have the strongest direct effect on surface soil stability (0.60; controlling for other factors). Surprisingly, AM fungi appeared to influence surface soil stability (0.37), even though they are not generally considered to exist in the top few millimeters of the soil. In the subsurface model, plant cover appeared to have the strongest direct influence on soil stability (0.42); in both models, results indicate that plant cover influences soil stability both directly (controlling for other factors) and indirectly through influences on other organisms. Soil organic matter was not found to have a direct contribution to surface or subsurface stability in this system. The relative influence of AM fungi on soil stability in these semiarid shrublands was similar to that reported for a mesic tallgrass prairie. Estimates of effects that BSCs, plants, and AM fungi have on soil stability in these models are used to suggest the relative amounts of resources that erosion control practitioners should devote to promoting these communities. This study highlights the need for system approaches in combating erosion, soil degradation, and arid-land desertification.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/07-2076.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Chaudhary, V.B., Bowker, M.A., O’Dell, T.E., Grace, J.B., Redman, A.E., Rillig, M.C., and Johnson, N.C., 2009, Untangling the biological contributions to soil stability in semiarid shrublands: Ecological Applications, v. 19, no. 1, p. 110-122, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-2076.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476133,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://ecommons.luc.edu/ies_facpubs/4","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216074,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-2076.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","city":"Cannonville;Escalante","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.114,37.351 ], [ -112.114,37.973 ], [ -111.325,37.973 ], [ -111.325,37.351 ], [ -112.114,37.351 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbcf6e4b08c986b328e73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaudhary, V. Bala","contributorId":101483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaudhary","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bala","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowker, Matthew A. mbowker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"Matthew","email":"mbowker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":451909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Dell, Thomas E.","contributorId":36518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Dell","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Redman, Andrea E.","contributorId":96506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redman","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rillig, Matthias C.","contributorId":54427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rillig","given":"Matthias","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, Nancy C.","contributorId":107524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70035163,"text":"70035163 - 2009 - Estimation of avian population sizes and species richness across a boreal landscape in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-20T20:18:20","indexId":"70035163","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of avian population sizes and species richness across a boreal landscape in Alaska","docAbstract":"We studied the distribution of birds breeding within five ecological landforms in Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve, a 10,194-km2 roadless conservation unit on the Alaska-Canada border in the boreal forest zone. Passerines dominated the avifauna numerically, comprising 97% of individuals surveyed but less than half of the 115 species recorded in the Preserve. We used distance-sampling and discrete-removal models to estimate detection probabilities, densities, and population sizes across the Preserve for 23 species of migrant passerines and five species of resident passerines. Yellow-rumped Warblers (Dendroica coronata) and Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) were the most abundant species, together accounting for 41% of the migrant passerine populations estimated. White-winged Crossbills (Loxia leucoptera), Boreal Chickadees (Poecile hudsonica), and Gray Jays (Perisoreus canadensis) were the most abundant residents. Species richness was greatest in the Floodplain/Terrace landform flanking the Yukon River but densities were highest in the Subalpine landform. Species composition was related to past glacial history and current physiography of the region and differed notably from other areas of the northwestern boreal forest. Point-transect surveys, augmented with auxiliary observations, were well suited to sampling the largely passerine avifauna across this rugged landscape and could be used across the boreal forest region to monitor changes in northern bird distribution and abundance. ?? 2009 The Wilson Ornithological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1676/08-067.1","issn":"15594491","usgsCitation":"Handel, C.M., Swanson, S., Nigro, D.A., and Matsuoka, S.M., 2009, Estimation of avian population sizes and species richness across a boreal landscape in Alaska: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 121, no. 3, p. 528-547, https://doi.org/10.1676/08-067.1.","startPage":"528","endPage":"547","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215150,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1676/08-067.1"}],"volume":"121","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b7ee4b0c8380cd52745","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swanson, S.A.","contributorId":64703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nigro, Debora A.","contributorId":10628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nigro","given":"Debora","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12934,"text":"Bureau of Land Management, Arctic Field Office","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":449546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Matsuoka, Steven M. 0000-0001-6415-1885 smatsuoka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6415-1885","contributorId":184173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsuoka","given":"Steven","email":"smatsuoka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035159,"text":"70035159 - 2009 - Extraction of lidar-based dune-crest elevations for use in examining the vulnerability of beaches to inundation during hurricanes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-05T11:10:10.775401","indexId":"70035159","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extraction of lidar-based dune-crest elevations for use in examining the vulnerability of beaches to inundation during hurricanes","docAbstract":"

The morphology of coastal sand dunes plays an important role in determining how a beach will respond to a hurricane. Accurate measurements of dune height and position are essential for assessing the vulnerability of beaches to extreme coastal change during future landfalls. Lidar topographic surveys provide rapid, accurate, high-resolution datasets for identifying the location, position, and morphology of coastal sand dunes over large stretches of coast. An algorithm has been developed for identification of the crest of the most seaward sand dune that defines the landward limit of the beach system. Based on changes in beach slope along cross-shore transects of lidar data, dune elevation and location can automatically be extracted every few meters along the coastline. Dune elevations in conjunction with storm-induced water levels can be used to predict the type of coastal response (e.g., beach erosion, dune erosion, overwash, or inundation) that may be expected during hurricane landfall. The vulnerability of the beach system at Fire Island National Seashore in New York to the most extreme of these changes, inundation, is assessed by comparing lidar-derived dune elevations to modeled wave setup and storm surge height. The vulnerability of the beach system to inundation during landfall of a Category 3 hurricane is shown to be spatially variable because of longshore variations in dune height (mean elevation = 5.44 m, standard deviation = 1.32 m). Hurricane-induced mean water levels exceed dune elevations along 70% of the coastal park, making these locations more vulnerable to inundation during a Category 3 storm.

","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.2112/SI53-007.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Stockdon, H., Doran, K., and Sallenger, A.H., 2009, Extraction of lidar-based dune-crest elevations for use in examining the vulnerability of beaches to inundation during hurricanes: Journal of Coastal Research, no. Special Issue 53, p. 59-65, https://doi.org/10.2112/SI53-007.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242859,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"Special Issue 53","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e5ee4b0c8380cd53402","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stockdon, H.F. 0000-0003-0791-4676","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-4676","contributorId":55992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockdon","given":"H.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doran, K.S. 0000-0001-8050-5727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8050-5727","contributorId":96497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"K.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sallenger, A. H. Jr.","contributorId":8818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035138,"text":"70035138 - 2009 - Internal tidal currents in the Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035138","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2381,"text":"Journal of Marine Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Internal tidal currents in the Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon","docAbstract":"Data from five separate field experiments during 2000-2006 were used to study the internal tidal flow patterns in the Gaoping (formerly spelled Kaoping) Submarine Canyon. The internal tides are large with maximum interface displacements of about 200??m and maximum velocities of over 100cm/s. They are characterized by a first-mode velocity and density structure with zero crossing at about 100??m depth. In the lower layer, the currents increase with increasing depth. The density interface and the along-channel velocity are approximately 90?? out-of-phase, suggesting a predominant standing wave pattern. However, partial reflection is indicated as there is a consistent phase advance between sea level and density interface along the canyon axis. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Marine Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.12.011","issn":"09247963","usgsCitation":"Lee, I., Wang, Y.#., Liu, J., Chuang, W., and Xu, J., 2009, Internal tidal currents in the Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon: Journal of Marine Systems, v. 76, no. 4, p. 397-404, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.12.011.","startPage":"397","endPage":"404","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215242,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.12.011"},{"id":243031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d30e4b0c8380cd6338e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, I.-H.","contributorId":47601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"I.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Y. #NAME?","contributorId":68475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Y.","email":"","middleInitial":"#NAME?","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, J.T.","contributorId":6682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chuang, W.-S.","contributorId":21364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chuang","given":"W.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Xu, J.","contributorId":25324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035130,"text":"70035130 - 2009 - Ecophysiology of \"halarsenatibacter silvermanii\" strain SLAS-1T, gen. nov., sp. nov., a facultative chemoautotrophic arsenate respirer from salt-saturated Searles Lake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035130","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecophysiology of \"halarsenatibacter silvermanii\" strain SLAS-1T, gen. nov., sp. nov., a facultative chemoautotrophic arsenate respirer from salt-saturated Searles Lake, California","docAbstract":"Searles Lake occupies a closed basin harboring salt-saturated, alkaline brines that have exceptionally high concentrations of arsenic oxyanions. Strain SLAS-1T was previously isolated from Searles Lake (R. S. Oremland, T. R. Kulp, J. Switzer Blum, S. E. Hoeft, S. Baesman, L. G. Miller, and J. F. Stolz, Science 308:1305-1308, 2005). We now describe this extremophile with regard to its substrate affinities, its unusual mode of motility, sequenced arrABD gene cluster, cell envelope lipids, and its phylogenetic alignment within the order Halanaero-bacteriales, assigning it the name \"Halarsenatibacter silvermanii\" strain SLAS-1T. We also report on the substrate dynamics of an anaerobic enrichment culture obtained from Searles Lake that grows under conditions of salt saturation and whose members include a novel sulfate reducer of the order Desulfovibriales, the archaeon Halorhabdus utahensis, as well as a close homolog of strain SLAS-1T. Copyright ?? 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1128/AEM.02614-08","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Blum, J., Han, S., Lanoil, B., Saltikov, C., Witte, B., Tabita, F., Langley, S., Beveridge, T., Jahnke, L., and Oremland, R., 2009, Ecophysiology of \"halarsenatibacter silvermanii\" strain SLAS-1T, gen. nov., sp. nov., a facultative chemoautotrophic arsenate respirer from salt-saturated Searles Lake, California: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 75, no. 7, p. 1950-1960, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02614-08.","startPage":"1950","endPage":"1960","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476380,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2663212","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215117,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02614-08"},{"id":242893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0593e4b0c8380cd50e5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blum, J.S.","contributorId":105070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Han, S.","contributorId":60009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Han","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lanoil, B.","contributorId":96470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanoil","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saltikov, C.","contributorId":77722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltikov","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Witte, B.","contributorId":37973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witte","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tabita, F.R.","contributorId":64908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tabita","given":"F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Langley, S.","contributorId":32342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langley","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Beveridge, T.J.","contributorId":35524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beveridge","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jahnke, L.","contributorId":84099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahnke","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70036028,"text":"70036028 - 2009 - Volatile selenium flux from the great Salt Lake, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:05","indexId":"70036028","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volatile selenium flux from the great Salt Lake, Utah","docAbstract":"The removal mechanisms that govern Se concentrations in the Great Salt Lake are unknown despite this terminal lake being an avian habitat of hemispheric importance. However, the volatilization flux of Se from the Great Salt Lake has not been previously measured due to challenges of analysis in this hypersaline environment This paper presents results from recent field studies examining the spatial distribution of dissolved volatile Se (areally and with depth) in the south arm (main body) of the Great Salt Lake. The analyses involved collection of dissolved volatile Se in a cryofocusing trap system via sparging with helium. The cryotrapped volatile Se was digested with nitric acid and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results show concentrations of dissolved volatile Se that increase with depth in the shallow brine, suggesting that phytoplankton in the open waters and bioherms in shallow sites (<4 m in depth) may be responsible for volatile Se production. Volatile Se flux to the atmosphere was determined using mass transport models corrected to simulate the highly saline environment of the south arm of the Great Salt Lake. The estimated annual flux of volatile Se was 1455 kg/year within a range from 560 to 3780 kg Se/year for the 95% confidence interval and from 970 to 2180 kg Se/year within the 68% confidence interval. ?? 2009 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es801638w","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Diaz, X., Johnson, W., Oliver, W., and Naftz, D.L., 2009, Volatile selenium flux from the great Salt Lake, Utah: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 1, p. 53-59, https://doi.org/10.1021/es801638w.","startPage":"53","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218181,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es801638w"},{"id":246167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2cae4b08c986b32ad78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diaz, X.","contributorId":87380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diaz","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, W.P.","contributorId":43315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oliver, W.A.","contributorId":60890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Naftz, D. L.","contributorId":40624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034127,"text":"70034127 - 2009 - Sources, sinks, and spatial ecology of cotton mice in longleaf pine stands undergoing restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034127","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources, sinks, and spatial ecology of cotton mice in longleaf pine stands undergoing restoration","docAbstract":"The Fire and Fire Surrogate studya replicated, manipulative experimentsought the most economically and ecologically efficient way to restore the nation's fire-maintained ecosystems. As part of this study, we conducted a 3-year markrecapture study, comprising 105,000 trap-nights, to assess demographic responses of cotton mice (Peromyscus gossypinus) to Fire and Fire Surrogate treatments at the Gulf Coastal Plain site, where longleaf pine was the ecosystem to be restored. We compared competing models to evaluate restoration effects on variation in apparent survival and recruitment over time, space, and treatment, and incorporated measures of available source habitat for cotton mice with reverse-time modeling to infer immigration from outside the study area. The top-ranked survival model contained only variation over time, but the closely ranked 2nd and 3rd models included variation over space and treatment, respectively. The top 4 recruitment models all included effects for availability of source habitat and treatments. Burning appeared to degrade habitat quality for cotton mice, showing demographic characteristics of a sink, but treatments combining fire with thinning of trees or application of herbicide to the understory appeared to improve habitat quality, possibly creating sources. Bottomland hardwoods outside the study also acted as sources by providing immigrants to experimental units. Models suggested that population dynamics operated over multiple spatial scales. Treatments applied to 15-ha stands probably only caused local variation in vital rates within the larger population. ?? 2009 American Society of Mammalogists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/08-MAMM-A-064R2.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Sharp, N., Mitchell, M., and Grand, J., 2009, Sources, sinks, and spatial ecology of cotton mice in longleaf pine stands undergoing restoration: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 90, no. 6, p. 1440-1448, https://doi.org/10.1644/08-MAMM-A-064R2.1.","startPage":"1440","endPage":"1448","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476239,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/08-mamm-a-064r2.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216815,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/08-MAMM-A-064R2.1"},{"id":244709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b93abe4b08c986b31a60a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharp, N.W.","contributorId":12294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"N.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, M.S.","contributorId":26724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grand, J.B.","contributorId":11150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035294,"text":"70035294 - 2009 - A habitat assessment for Florida panther population expansion into central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-13T14:41:51","indexId":"70035294","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A habitat assessment for Florida panther population expansion into central Florida","docAbstract":"

One of the goals of the Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) recovery plan is to expand panther range north of the Caloosahatchee River in central Florida. Our objective was to evaluate the potential of that region to support panthers. We used a geographic information system and the Mahalanobis distance statistic to develop a habitat model based on landscape characteristics associated with panther home ranges. We used cross-validation and an independent telemetry data set to test the habitat model. We also conducted a least-cost path analysis to identify potential habitat linkages and to provide a relative measure of connectivity among habitat patches. Variables in our model were paved road density, major highways, human population density, percentage of the area permanently or semipermanently flooded, and percentage of the area in natural land cover. Our model clearly identified habitat typical of that found within panther home ranges based on model testing with recent telemetry data. We identified 4 potential translocation sites that may support a total of approximately 36 panthers. Although we identified potential habitat linkages, our least-cost path analyses highlighted the extreme isolation of panther habitat in portions of the study area. Human intervention will likely be required if the goal is to establish female panthers north of the Caloosahatchee in the near term.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/08-MAMM-A-219.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Thatcher, C., Van Manen, F., and Clark, J.D., 2009, A habitat assessment for Florida panther population expansion into central Florida: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 90, no. 4, p. 918-925, https://doi.org/10.1644/08-MAMM-A-219.1.","startPage":"918","endPage":"925","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476325,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/08-mamm-a-219.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215126,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/08-MAMM-A-219.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.803955078125,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -82.584228515625,\n 29.1233732108192\n ],\n [\n -82.298583984375,\n 29.104176683949984\n ],\n [\n -82.001953125,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -81.7822265625,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -81.62841796875,\n 29.401319510041485\n ],\n [\n -81.45263671875,\n 29.46829664171322\n ],\n [\n -81.18896484375,\n 29.477861195816843\n ],\n [\n -80.980224609375,\n 29.334298230315675\n ],\n [\n -80.67260742187499,\n 28.738763971370293\n ],\n [\n -80.48583984375,\n 28.497660832963472\n ],\n [\n -80.5078125,\n 28.17855984939698\n ],\n [\n -80.2001953125,\n 27.42053815128712\n ],\n [\n -79.98046875,\n 27.039556602163195\n ],\n [\n -79.95849609375,\n 26.401710528707707\n ],\n [\n -80.04638671875,\n 25.750424835909385\n ],\n [\n -80.244140625,\n 25.512700007620513\n ],\n [\n -80.39794921875,\n 25.21488107113259\n ],\n [\n -80.68359375,\n 25.11544539706194\n ],\n [\n -80.9912109375,\n 25.055745117015316\n ],\n [\n -81.221923828125,\n 25.11544539706194\n ],\n [\n -81.221923828125,\n 25.37380917154398\n ],\n [\n -81.34277343749999,\n 25.572175556682115\n ],\n [\n -81.441650390625,\n 25.770213848960275\n ],\n [\n -81.771240234375,\n 25.78999956287362\n ],\n [\n -81.903076171875,\n 26.125850185680356\n ],\n [\n -82.012939453125,\n 26.362342068998764\n ],\n [\n -82.298583984375,\n 26.441065564038418\n ],\n [\n -82.33154296875,\n 26.755420897359123\n ],\n [\n -82.628173828125,\n 27.196014383173306\n ],\n [\n -82.7490234375,\n 27.527758206861886\n ],\n [\n -82.90283203125,\n 27.732160709580906\n ],\n [\n -82.94677734375,\n 27.98470011861268\n ],\n [\n -82.85888671875,\n 28.246327971048842\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 28.44937385955666\n ],\n [\n -82.7490234375,\n 28.632746799225856\n ],\n [\n -82.77099609375,\n 28.767659105691255\n ],\n [\n -82.8369140625,\n 28.93124697186731\n ],\n [\n -82.869873046875,\n 29.05616970274342\n ],\n [\n -82.803955078125,\n 29.152161283318915\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"90","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e416e4b0c8380cd463d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thatcher, C.A. 0000-0003-0331-071X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0331-071X","contributorId":13425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":450056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Manen, F.T.","contributorId":45241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Manen","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, J. D.","contributorId":85911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034130,"text":"70034130 - 2009 - Distribution and postbreeding environmental relationships of Northern leopard frogs (Rana [Lithobates] pipiens) in Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034130","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and postbreeding environmental relationships of Northern leopard frogs (Rana [Lithobates] pipiens) in Washington","docAbstract":"Northern leopard frogs (Rana [Lithobates] pipiens) are considered sensitive, threatened, or endangered in all western states and western Canadian provinces. Historically present in eastern Washington in 6 major river drainages, leopard frogs are now only known to occur at 2 localized areas in the Crab Creek drainage in Grant County. During the summers of 2002-2005, we surveyed both areas to document extent of leopard frog distributions and to describe habitat and vertebrate community characteristics associated with leopard frog site occupancy. At Gloyd Seeps, 2 juvenile leopard frogs were observed in a total of 8.2 person-days of searching along a 5-km stream reach. At Potholes Reservoir, we surveyed 243 wetland sites in 7 management units known to have been occupied by leopard frogs during the 1980s. We confirmed leopard frog presence at only 87 sites (36%) in 4 management units. Site occupancy models for individual ponds indicated that, compared to unoccupied sites, occupied sites had slightly greater pond depths, less tall emergent vegetation, more herbaceous vegetative cover, and fewer neighboring ponds containing nonnative predatory fish. Models developed at the 1-km2 scale indicated that occupied areas had greater average midsummer pond depths, fewer ponds occupied by bullfrogs (Rana [Lithobates] catesbeiana) and carp (Cyprinus carpio), and more herbaceous vegetation surrounding ponds. The Gloyd Seeps population now appears defunct, and the Potholes Reservoir population is in sharp decline. Unless management actions are taken to reduce nonnative fish and bullfrogs and to enhance wetland vegetation, leopard frogs may soon be extirpated from both sites and possibly, therefore, from Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3398/064.069.0413","issn":"15270904","usgsCitation":"Germaine, S., and Hays, D., 2009, Distribution and postbreeding environmental relationships of Northern leopard frogs (Rana [Lithobates] pipiens) in Washington: Western North American Naturalist, v. 69, no. 4, p. 537-547, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.069.0413.","startPage":"537","endPage":"547","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502637,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol69/iss4/13","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216873,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.069.0413"},{"id":244771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a029ce4b0c8380cd50116","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Germaine, S.S.","contributorId":101525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germaine","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hays, D.W.","contributorId":70967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034715,"text":"70034715 - 2009 - Modelling predation by transient leopard seals for an ecosystem-based management of Southern Ocean fisheries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034715","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling predation by transient leopard seals for an ecosystem-based management of Southern Ocean fisheries","docAbstract":"Correctly quantifying the impacts of rare apex marine predators is essential to ecosystem-based approaches to fisheries management, where harvesting must be sustainable for targeted species and their dependent predators. This requires modelling the uncertainty in such processes as predator life history, seasonal abundance and movement, size-based predation, energetic requirements, and prey vulnerability. We combined these uncertainties to evaluate the predatory impact of transient leopard seals on a community of mesopredators (seals and penguins) and their prey at South Georgia, and assess the implications for an ecosystem-based management. The mesopredators are highly dependent on Antarctic krill and icefish, which are targeted by regional fisheries. We used a state-space formulation to combine (1) a mark-recapture open-population model and individual identification data to assess seasonally variable leopard seal arrival and departure dates, numbers, and residency times; (2) a size-based bioenergetic model; and (3) a size-based prey choice model from a diet analysis. Our models indicated that prey choice and consumption reflected seasonal changes in leopard seal population size and structure, size-selective predation and prey vulnerability. A population of 104 (90-125) leopard seals, of which 64% were juveniles, consumed less than 2% of the Antarctic fur seal pup production of the area (50% of total ingested energy, IE), but ca. 12-16% of the local gentoo penguin population (20% IE). Antarctic krill (28% IE) were the only observed food of leopard seal pups and supplemented the diet of older individuals. Direct impacts on krill and fish were negligible, but the \"escapement\" due to leopard seal predation on fur seal pups and penguins could be significant for the mackerel icefish fishery at South Georgia. These results suggest that: (1) rare apex predators like leopard seals may control, and may depend on, populations of mesopredators dependent on prey species targeted by fisheries; and (2) predatory impacts and community control may vary throughout the predator's geographic range, and differ across ecosystems and management areas, depending on the seasonal abundance of the prey and the predator's dispersal movements. This understanding is important to integrate the predator needs as natural mortality of its prey in models to set prey catch limits for fisheries. Reliable estimates of the variability of these needs are essential for a precautionary interpretation in the context of an ecosystem-based management. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.03.020","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Forcada, J., Malone, D., Royle, J., and Staniland, I., 2009, Modelling predation by transient leopard seals for an ecosystem-based management of Southern Ocean fisheries: Ecological Modelling, v. 220, no. 12, p. 1513-1521, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.03.020.","startPage":"1513","endPage":"1521","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215955,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.03.020"},{"id":243792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"220","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c72e4b0c8380cd6fcd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forcada, J.","contributorId":31506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forcada","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malone, D.","contributorId":59642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malone","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Staniland, I.J.","contributorId":82433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staniland","given":"I.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}