The Bighorn Basin is a large Laramide (Late Cretaceous through Eocene) structural and sedimentary basin that encompasses about 10,400 mi2 in north-central Wyoming and south-central Montana (fig. 1). Important conventional oil and gas resources have been discovered and produced from reservoirs ranging in age from Cambrian through Tertiary (Fox and Dolton, 1989, 1996a, b; De Bruin, 1993). In addition, a potential unconventional basin-centered gas accumulation may be present in Cretaceous reservoirs (Johnson and Finn, 1998; Johnson and others, 1999). The purpose of this report is to present new vitrinite reflectance data to be used in support of the U.S Geological Survey’s assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Bighorn Basin. These new data supplement previously published data by Nuccio and Finn (1998), and Yin (1997), and lead to a better understanding and characterization of the thermal maturation and burial history of potential source rocks.
Eighty-nine samples of Cretaceous and Tertiary strata (fig. 2) were collected and analyzed—15 samples were from outcrops around the margins of the basin and 74 samples were well cuttings (fig. 1). Forty-one of the samples were shale, two were carbonaceous shale, and the remainder from coal.
All samples were analyzed by vitrinite reflectance to determine levels of thermal maturation. Preparation of samples for reflectance analysis required (1) crushing the larger pieces into 0.25-to 1-mm pieces, (2) casting the pieces with epoxy in pre-cut and drilled plugs, and (3) curing the samples overnight. Subsequently, a four-step grinding and polishing process was implemented that included sanding with progressively finer sandpaper (60 and 600 grit) followed with a two-step polishing process (0.3 and 0.05 micron). Vitrinite reflectance measurements were determined at 500 X magnification using plane-polarized incident white light and a 546-nm monochromatic filter in immersion oil. For samples containing sufficiently high quality vitrinite, at least 25 measurements were recorded. For samples of poorer quality, either due to a poor polish or to the presence of mineral or other inorganic material, fewer measurements were recorded. Analytical results are given in tables 1 and 2.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071246","usgsCitation":"Finn, T.M., and Pawlewicz, M.J., 2007, New vitrinite reflectance data for the Bighorn Basin, north-central Wyoming and south-central Montana (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1246, iii, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071246.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10293,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1246/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":356878,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1246/pdf/OF07-1246_508.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110,43.25 ], [ -110,45.5 ], [ -106.5,45.5 ], [ -106.5,43.25 ], [ -110,43.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697843","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, Thomas M. 0000-0001-6396-9351 finn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6396-9351","contributorId":778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Thomas","email":"finn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pawlewicz, Mark J. pawlewicz@usgs.gov","contributorId":752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pawlewicz","given":"Mark","email":"pawlewicz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80460,"text":"sir20075161 - 2007 - Flood of June 22-24, 2006, in North-Central Ohio, With Emphasis on the Cuyahoga River Near Independence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:22","indexId":"sir20075161","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5161","title":"Flood of June 22-24, 2006, in North-Central Ohio, With Emphasis on the Cuyahoga River Near Independence","docAbstract":"Heavy rains caused severe flooding on June 22-24, 2006, and damaged approximately 4,580 homes and 48 businesses in Cuyahoga County. Damage estimates in Cuyahoga County for the two days of flooding exceed $47 million; statewide damage estimates exceed $150 million. Six counties (Cuyahoga, Erie, Huron, Lucas, Sandusky, and Stark) in northeast Ohio were declared Federal disaster areas. One death, in Lorain County, was attributed to the flooding.\r\n\r\nThe peak streamflow of 25,400 cubic feet per second and corresponding peak gage height of 23.29 feet were the highest recorded at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow-gaging station Cuyahoga River at Independence (04208000) since the gaging station began operation in 1922, exceeding the previous peak streamflow of 24,800 cubic feet per second that occurred on January 22, 1959. An indirect calculation of the peak streamflow was made by use of a step-backwater model because all roads leading to the gaging station were inundated during the flood and field crews could not reach the station to make a direct measurement. Because of a statistically significant and persistent positive trend in the annual-peak-streamflow time series for the Cuyahoga River at Independence, a method was developed and applied to detrend the annual-peak-streamflow time series prior to the traditional log-Pearson Type III flood-frequency analysis. Based on this analysis, the recurrence interval of the computed peak streamflow was estimated to be slightly less than 100 years. Peak-gage-height data, peak-streamflow data, and recurrence-interval estimates for the June 22-24, 2006, flood are tabulated for the Cuyahoga River at Independence and 10 other USGS gaging stations in north-central Ohio.\r\n\r\nBecause flooding along the Cuyahoga River near Independence and Valley View was particularly severe, a study was done to document the peak water-surface profile during the flood from approximately 2 miles downstream from the USGS streamflow-gaging station at Independence to approximately 2 miles upstream from the gaging station. High-water marks were identified and flagged in the field. Third-order-accuracy surveys were used to determine elevations of the high-water marks, and the data were tabulated and plotted.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075161","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Sherwood, J.M., Ebner, A.D., Koltun, G., and Astifan, B.M., 2007, Flood of June 22-24, 2006, in North-Central Ohio, With Emphasis on the Cuyahoga River Near Independence: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5161, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075161.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-06-22","temporalEnd":"2006-06-24","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10287,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5161/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7495","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherwood, James M.","contributorId":106878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebner, Andrew D. aebner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebner","given":"Andrew","email":"aebner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":292628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koltun, G. F. 0000-0003-0255-2960","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-2960","contributorId":49817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koltun","given":"G. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Astifan, Brian M.","contributorId":86857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Astifan","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80455,"text":"sir20075187 - 2007 - Suspended-Sediment Loads and Yields in the North Santiam River Basin, Oregon, Water Years 1999-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:19","indexId":"sir20075187","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5187","title":"Suspended-Sediment Loads and Yields in the North Santiam River Basin, Oregon, Water Years 1999-2004","docAbstract":"The North Santiam River provides drinking water to the residents and businesses of the city of Salem, Oregon, and many surrounding communities. Since 1998, water-quality data, including turbidity, were collected continuously at monitoring stations throughout the basin as part of the North Santiam River Basin Turbidity and Suspended Sediment Study. In addition, sediment samples have been collected over a range of turbidity and streamflow values. Regression models were developed between the instream turbidity and suspended-sediment concentration from the samples collected from each monitoring station. The models were then used to estimate the daily and annual suspended-sediment loads and yields. For water years 1999-2004, suspended-sediment loads and yields were estimated for each station. Annual suspended-sediment loads and yields were highest during water years 1999 and 2000. A drought during water year 2001 resulted in the lowest suspended-sediment loads and yields for all monitoring stations. High-turbidity events that were unrelated or disproportional to increased streamflow occurred at several of the monitoring stations during the period of study. These events highlight the advantage of estimating suspended-sediment loads and yields from instream turbidity rather than from streamflow alone.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075187","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Salem","usgsCitation":"Bragg, H., Sobieszczyk, S., Uhrich, M.A., and Piatt, D.R., 2007, Suspended-Sediment Loads and Yields in the North Santiam River Basin, Oregon, Water Years 1999-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5187, vi, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075187.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","temporalStart":"1998-10-01","temporalEnd":"2004-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10280,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5187/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.25,44.416666666666664 ], [ -123.25,45 ], [ -121.66666666666667,45 ], [ -121.66666666666667,44.416666666666664 ], [ -123.25,44.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687fd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bragg, Heather M. hmbragg@usgs.gov","contributorId":428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bragg","given":"Heather M.","email":"hmbragg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sobieszczyk, Steven 0000-0002-0834-8437 ssobie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0834-8437","contributorId":885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sobieszczyk","given":"Steven","email":"ssobie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Uhrich, Mark A. 0000-0002-5202-8086 mauhrich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5202-8086","contributorId":1149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uhrich","given":"Mark","email":"mauhrich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piatt, David R. 0000-0002-6442-5505 dpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6442-5505","contributorId":1148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"David","email":"dpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80459,"text":"ofr20071307 - 2007 - Quality-Assurance Plan for Water-Quality Activities in the U.S. Geological Survey Washington Water Science Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:20","indexId":"ofr20071307","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1307","title":"Quality-Assurance Plan for Water-Quality Activities in the U.S. Geological Survey Washington Water Science Center","docAbstract":"In accordance with guidelines set forth by the Office of Water Quality in the Water Resources Discipline of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), this quality-assurance plan has been created for use by the USGS Washington Water Science Center (WAWSC) in conducting water-quality activities. The plan documents the standards, policies, and procedures used by the personnel of the WAWSC for activities related to the collection, processing, storage, analysis, and publication of water-quality data. The policies and procedures that are documented in this quality-assurance plan for water-quality activities are meant to complement the WAWSC's quality-assurance plans for surface-water and ground-water activities and to supplement the WAWSC quality-assurance plan.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071307","usgsCitation":"Wagner, R.J., Kimbrough, R.A., and Turney, G.L., 2007, Quality-Assurance Plan for Water-Quality Activities in the U.S. Geological Survey Washington Water Science Center: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1307, vi, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071307.","productDescription":"vi, 49 p.","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10286,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1307/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db651618","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Richard J. rjwagner@usgs.gov","contributorId":3122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Richard","email":"rjwagner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimbrough, Robert A. rakimbro@usgs.gov","contributorId":1627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimbrough","given":"Robert","email":"rakimbro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turney, Gary L.","contributorId":72446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turney","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80462,"text":"sir20075166 - 2007 - Evaluation of ground-water and boron sources by use of boron stable-isotope ratios, tritium, and selected water-chemistry constituents near Beverly Shores, northwestern Indiana, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-18T11:50:54","indexId":"sir20075166","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5166","displayTitle":"Evaluation of Ground-Water and Boron Sources by Use of Boron Stable-Isotope Ratios, Tritium, and Selected Water-Chemistry Constituents near Beverly Shores, Northwestern Indiana, 2004","title":"Evaluation of ground-water and boron sources by use of boron stable-isotope ratios, tritium, and selected water-chemistry constituents near Beverly Shores, northwestern Indiana, 2004","docAbstract":"Concentrations of boron greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 900 μg/L removal action level (RAL) standard were detected in water sampled by the USEPA in 2004 from three domestic wells near Beverly Shores, Indiana. The RAL regulates only human-affected concentrations of a constituent. A lack of well logs and screened depth information precluded identification of whether water from sampled wells, and their boron sources, were from human-affected or natural sources in the surficial aquifer, or associated with a previously defined natural, confined aquifer source of boron from the subtill or basal sand aquifers. A geochemically-based classification of the source of boron in ground water could potentially determine the similarity of boron to known sources or mixtures between known sources, or classify whether the relative age of the ground water predated the potential sources of contamination. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the USEPA, investigated the use of a geochemical method that applied boron stable isotopes, and concentrations of boron, tritium, and other constituents to distinguish between natural and human-affected sources of boron in ground water and thereby determine if the RAL was applicable to the situation.
Boron stable-isotope ratios and concentrations of boron in 17 ground-water samples and tritium concentrations in 9 ground-water samples collected in 2004 were used to identify geochemical differences between potential sources of boron in ground water near Beverly Shores, Indiana. Boron and δ11B analyses for this investigation were made on unacidified samples to assure consistency of the result with unacidified analyses of δ11B values from other investigations. Potential sources of boron included surficial-aquifer water affected by coal-combustion products (CCP) or domestic-wastewater, upward discharge of ground water from confined aquifers, and unaffected water from the surficial aquifer that was distant from human-affected boron sources.
Boron concentrations in potential ground-water sources of boron were largest (15,700 to 24,400 μg/L) in samples of CCP-affected surficial aquifer water from four wells at a CCP landfill and smallest (27 to 63 μg/L) in three wells in the surficial aquifer that were distant from human-affected boron sources. Boron concentrations in water from the basal sand aquifer ranged from 656 μg/L to 1,800 μg/L. Boron concentrations in water from three domestic-wastewater-affected surficial aquifer wells ranged from 84 to 387 μg/L. Among the representative ground-water samples, boron concentrations from all four samples of CCP-affected surficial aquifer water and four of five samples of water from the basal sand aquifer had concentrations greater than the RAL. A comparison of boron concentrations in acid-preserved and unacidified samples indicated that boron concentrations reported for this investigation may be from about 11 to 16 percent less than would be reported in a standard analysis of an acidified sample.
The stable isotope boron-11 was most enriched in comparison to boron-10 in ground water from a confined aquifer, the basal sand aquifer (δ11B, 24.6 to 34.0 per mil, five samples); it was most depleted in CCP-affected water from the surficial aquifer (δ11B, 0.1 to 6.6 per mil, four samples). Domestic-wastewater-affected water from the surficial aquifer (δ11B, 8.7 to 11.7 per mil, four samples) was enriched in boron-11, in comparison to individual samples of a borax detergent additive and a detergent with perborate bleach; it was intermediate in composition between basal sand aquifer water and CCP-affected water from the surficial aquifer. The similarity between a ground-water sample from the surficial aquifer and a hypothetical mixture of unaffected surficial aquifer and basal sand aquifer waters indicates the potential for long-term upward discharge of ground water into the surficial aquifer from one or more confined aquifers. Estimated δ11B values for acidified samples were depleted by 1.9 to 2.8 per mil in comparison to unacidified samples from the four wells sampled; those differences were small in comparison to the differences between δ11B values of representative sources of boron in ground water.
Tritium concentrations ranged from 7.0 to 10.3 tritium units in six samples from the surficial aquifer and were less than 0.8 tritium units in three samples from the basal sand aquifer. Water from wells in the surficial aquifer represents predominantly modern, post-1972 recharge and sources of boron and other constituents. Water from the basal sand aquifer is associated with pre-1952 recharge from sources not affected by local boron inputs.
Ground water from six wells (five domestic wells and one public-supply well) where the ground-water source was unknown had boron concentrations, boron isotope ratios, and tritium concentrations similar to water from the basal sand aquifer. Boron concentrations greater than the RAL were found in water from four of these six wells. The boron isotope and tritium data from these four wells indicate a natural source of boron in ground water; therefore, the RAL does not apply to boron concentrations in water from these wells. Water samples from two domestic wells where the ground-water source was unknown had boron concentrations less than the RAL and boron isotope ratios and tritium concentrations that were similar to domestic-wastewater-affected water from the surficial aquifer. The boron isotope ratio for a sample from one domestic well was similar to that of CCP-affected water from the surficial aquifer and detergent compositions; the boron concentration of that sample was less than the RAL. The classifications of differences among representative sources of boron in ground water and water samples from wells where the ground-water source was unknown generally agreed with distinctions based on strontium-87/strontium-86 ratios and concentrations of strontium, chloride, nitrate, and ammonia. This application of boron concentrations, boron isotope ratios, and tritium concentrations to classify differences in relation to potential sources of boron in ground water was able to distinguish between boron from natural sources and from human-affected sources that are subject to regulation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075166","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Buszka, P.M., Fitzpatrick, J.A., Watson, L.R., and Kay, R.T., 2007, Evaluation of ground-water and boron sources by use of boron stable-isotope ratios, tritium, and selected water-chemistry constituents near Beverly Shores, northwestern Indiana, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5166, x, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075166.","productDescription":"x, 46 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20075166.GIF"},{"id":10289,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5166/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":362129,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5166/pdf/sir2007-5166_web.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2007–5166"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.5,41.083333333333336 ], [ -87.5,41.833333333333336 ], [ -86.5,41.833333333333336 ], [ -86.5,41.083333333333336 ], [ -87.5,41.083333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","tableOfContents":"The U. S. Geological Survey conducted hydrodynamic measurements in Upper Klamath Lake during four summer seasons (approximately mid-June to mid-September) during 2003 to 2006. Measurements included water current profiles made by acoustic Doppler current profilers at a number of fixed locations in the lake during all four years as well as from a moving boat during 2005 and 2006. Measurements of size distribution of suspended material were made at four locations in the lake during 2004-2006. Raw (unfiltered) data are presented as time series of measurements. In addition, water-velocity data have been filtered to remove wind-induced variations with periods less than thirty hours from the measurements. Bar graphs of horizontal and vertical water speed and acoustic backscatter have been generated to discern diurnal variations, especially as they relate to wind patterns over the lake.
Mean speeds of the horizontal currents in the lake range between about 3.5 to 15 cm/s with the higher speeds at the deep locations in the trench on the west side of the lake. Current directions generally conform to the lake’s bathymetry contours and the water circulation pattern is usually in a clockwise direction around the lake as established by the prevailing north to northwesterly surface winds in the region. Diurnal patterns in horizontal currents probably relate to diurnal wind patterns with minimum wind speeds near noon and maximum wind speeds near 2100. Diurnal variations in vertical velocities do not appear to be related to wind patterns; they do appear to be related to expected patterns of vertical migration of Aphanizomenon flos aquae, (AFA) the predominant species of blue-green algae in the lake. Similarly, diurnal variations in acoustic backscatter, especially near the lake’s surface, are probably related to the vertical migration of AFA.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071279","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Gartner, J.W., Wellman, R.E., Wood, T.M., and Cheng, R.T., 2007, Water velocity and suspended solids measurements by in-situ instruments in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1279, Report: viii, 28 p.; 8 Appendices: 111 p.; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071279.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 28 p.; 8 Appendices: 111 p.; Data Files","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411059,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81832.htm"},{"id":10283,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1279/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":190793,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.73808047524717,\n 42.2367824416296\n ],\n [\n -121.73808047524717,\n 42.59605417436549\n ],\n [\n -122.09822929460955,\n 42.59605417436549\n ],\n [\n -122.09822929460955,\n 42.2367824416296\n ],\n [\n -121.73808047524717,\n 42.2367824416296\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa297","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gartner, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":77524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wellman, Roy E. 0000-0003-4460-8918 rwellman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4460-8918","contributorId":1706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellman","given":"Roy","email":"rwellman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, Tamara M. 0000-0001-6057-8080 tmwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-8080","contributorId":1164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Tamara","email":"tmwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cheng, Ralph T.","contributorId":69134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80453,"text":"sir20065309 - 2007 - Effect of storms on barrier island dynamics, Core Banks, Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina, 1960-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T19:31:19.677416","indexId":"sir20065309","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5309","title":"Effect of storms on barrier island dynamics, Core Banks, Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina, 1960-2001","docAbstract":"The effect of storms on long-term dynamics of barrier islands was evaluated on Core Banks, a series of barrier islands that extend from Cape Lookout to Okracoke Inlet in the Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina. Shoreline and elevation changes were determined by comparing 77 profiles and associated reference markers established by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) on Core Banks from June 1960 to July 1962 to a follow-up survey by Godfrey and Godfrey (G&G) in 1971 and a survey by the Department of Geology at East Carolina University (ECU) in 2001, in which 57 of the original 77 profiles were located.
\nEvaluation of the baseline data associated with the USACE study supplies an important record of barrier island response to two specific storm events—Hurricane Donna in September 1960 and the Ash Wednesday extra-tropical cyclone in March 1962. The 1962 USACE survey was followed by 9 years characterized by no major storms; this low-energy period was captured by the G&G survey in 1971. The G&G survey was followed by 22 years characterized by occasional small to moderate storms. Starting in 1993, however, and continuing through 1999, the North Carolina coast experienced a major increase in storm activity, with seven major hurricanes impacting Core Banks.
\nBoth the USACE 1960–1962 and G&G 1962–1971 surveys produced short-term data sets that reflected very different sets of weather conditions. The ECU 2001 survey data were then compared with the USACE 1960 survey data to develop a long-term (41 years) data set for shoreline erosion on Core Banks. Those resulting long-term data were compared with the long-term (52 years) data sets by the North Carolina Division of Coastal Management (NCDCM) from 1940–1992 and 1946–1998; a strong positive correlation and very similar rates of average annual erosion resulted. However, the ECU and NCDCM long-term data sets did not correlate with either of the USACE and G&G short-term survey data and had very different average annual erosion rates.
\nThe average annual long-term rate of shoreline erosion for all of Core Banks and for both the ECU 1960–2001 and the NCDCM 1946–1998 surveys was -5 feet per year (ft/yr). These long-term rates of shoreline recession are in strong contrast with the short-term, storm-dominated rates of shoreline erosion for all of Core Banks developed by the USACE 1960–1961 and USACE 1961–1962 surveys, which have average annual erosion rates of -40 ft/yr and -26 ft/yr, respectively, and range from -226 feet (ft) to +153 ft. The combined short-term, storm-dominated shoreline erosion rate for the USACE surveys (1960–1962) was -36 ft/yr. In contrast, the average annual short-term, non-stormy period G&G 1962–1971 survey demonstrated shoreline accretion for all of Core Banks with an average annual rate of +12 ft/yr. In general, North Core Banks has higher erosion and accretion rates than South Core Banks.
\nIn the 1961 survey, the USACE installed 231 reference markers (RM-0 is closest to the ocean and RM-2 is farthest from the ocean) along the 77 profiles, as well as 33 reference markers labeled RM-4, RM-6, and RM-8 in the wider portions of the islands. The G&G survey recovered a total of 141 reference markers (61 percent), and the ECU survey recovered a total of 83 reference markers (36 percent) of the RM-0, RM-1, and RM-2 markers. The average ground elevation measured by the USACE in 1961 was RM-0 = +5.8 ft, RM-1 = +5.2 ft, and RM-2 = +4.8 ft. The G&G 1970 survey measured average ground elevations of RM-0 = +6.7 ft, RM-1 = +6.4 ft, and RM-2 = +6.1 ft, and the average ground elevation measured by ECU in 2001 was RM-0 = +10.1 ft, RM-1 = +9.1 ft, and RM-2 = +8.5 ft. The latter numbers represent approximately an overall 72-percent increase in island elevation from 1961 to 2001. Based on aerial photographic time-slice analyses, it is hypothesized that this increase in island elevation occurred during the post-1962 period with storm overwash systematically raising the island elevation through time, which in turn led to decreased numbers of overwash events. The latter processes and responses in turn led to a substantial increase in vegetative growth on the barrier island, as well as submerged aquatic vegetation on the back-barrier sand shoals.
\nIntegration of the USACE, G&G, ECU, and NCDCM shoreline erosion data for Core Banks shows several important points about shoreline recession. (1) The ECU and NCDCM data sets demonstrate that there is an ongoing net, long-term, but small-scale shoreline recession associated with Core Banks; (2) the USACE short-term data sets demonstrate that processes associated with individual storm events or sets of events produce extremely large-scale changes that include both erosion and accretion; (3) the short-term, non-stormy period data set of G&G demonstrates that if given enough time between storm events, barriers can rebuild to their pre-storm period conditions; and (4) the post-storm response generally tends to approach the pre-storm location, but rarely reaches it before the next storm or stormy period sets in. The result is the net long-term change documented by both the ECU 1960–2001 and NCDCM 1946–1998 Core Banks data sets that resulted in erosion rates ranging from 0 to -30 ft/yr with net annual average recession rates of -5 ft/yr.
\nAnalysis and comparison of these data sets supply important information for understanding the dynamics and responses of barrier island systems through time. In addition, the results of the present study on Core Banks supply essential process-response information that can be used to design and implement management plans for the Cape Lookout and Cape Hatteras National Seashores and for other seashores in the U.S. National Park Service system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065309","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service and East Carolina University","usgsCitation":"Riggs, S., and Ames, D.V., 2007, Effect of storms on barrier island dynamics, Core Banks, Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina, 1960-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5309, x, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065309.","productDescription":"x, 73 p.","numberOfPages":"85","temporalStart":"1960-01-01","temporalEnd":"2001-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":428013,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81818.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":293757,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5309/pdf/sir2006-5309.pdf"},{"id":10278,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5309/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192095,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20065309.PNG"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Barrier Island, Core Banks, Cape Lookout National Seashore","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.5744,34.5787 ], [ -76.5744,35.2783 ], [ -75.4881,35.2783 ], [ -75.4881,34.5787 ], [ -76.5744,34.5787 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625795","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riggs, Stanley R.","contributorId":25983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"Stanley R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ames, Dorothea V.","contributorId":51394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ames","given":"Dorothea","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80447,"text":"sir20075131 - 2007 - Reconnaissance of Soil, Ground Water, and Plant Contamination at an Abandoned Oilfield-Service Site near Shawnee, Oklahoma, 2005-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:57","indexId":"sir20075131","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5131","title":"Reconnaissance of Soil, Ground Water, and Plant Contamination at an Abandoned Oilfield-Service Site near Shawnee, Oklahoma, 2005-2006","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Absentee Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma, began a reconnaissance study of a site in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, in 2005 by testing soil, shallow ground water, and plant material for the presence of trace elements and semivolatile organic compounds. Chemical analysis of plant material at the site was investigated as a preliminary tool to determine the extent of contamination at the site.\r\n\r\nThirty soil samples were collected from 15 soil cores during October 2005 and analyzed for trace elements and semivolatile organic compounds. Five small-diameter, polyvinyl-chloride-cased wells were installed and ground-water samples were collected during December 2005 and May 2006 and analyzed for trace elements and semivolatile organic compounds. Thirty Johnsongrass samples and 16 Coralberry samples were collected during September 2005 and analyzed for 53 constituents, including trace elements.\r\n\r\nResults of the soil, ground-water, and plant data indicate that the areas of trace element and semivolatile organic compound contamination are located in the shallow (A-horizon) soils near the threading barn. Most of the trace-element concentrations in the soils on the study site were either similar to or less than trace-element concentrations in background soils. Several trace elements and semivolatile organic compounds exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 6, Human Health Medium-Specific Screening Levels 2007 for Tap Water, Residential Soils, Industrial Indoor Soils, and Industrial Outdoor Soils.\r\n\r\nThere was little or no correlation between the plant and soil sample concentrations and the plant and ground-water concentrations based on the current sample size and study design. The lack of correlation between trace-element concentrations in plants and soils, and plants and ground water indicate that plant sampling was not useful as a preliminary tool to assess contamination at the study site.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075131","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Absentee Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma","usgsCitation":"Mashburn, S.L., and Smith, S.J., 2007, Reconnaissance of Soil, Ground Water, and Plant Contamination at an Abandoned Oilfield-Service Site near Shawnee, Oklahoma, 2005-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5131, vi, 91 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075131.","productDescription":"vi, 91 p.","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10273,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5131/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625360","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mashburn, Shana L. 0000-0001-5163-778X shanam@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5163-778X","contributorId":2140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mashburn","given":"Shana","email":"shanam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, S. Jerrod 0000-0002-9379-8167 sjsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-8167","contributorId":981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"sjsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jerrod","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80446,"text":"ofr20071269 - 2007 - Modeling the Spatial and Temporal Variation of Monthly and Seasonal Precipitation on the Nevada Test Site and Vicinity, 1960-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:23","indexId":"ofr20071269","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1269","title":"Modeling the Spatial and Temporal Variation of Monthly and Seasonal Precipitation on the Nevada Test Site and Vicinity, 1960-2006","docAbstract":"The Nevada Test Site (NTS), located in the climatic transition zone between the Mojave and Great Basin Deserts, has a network of precipitation gages that is unusually dense for this region. This network measures monthly and seasonal variation in a landscape with diverse topography. Precipitation data from 125 climate stations on or near the NTS were used to spatially interpolate precipitation for each month during the period of 1960 through 2006 at high spatial resolution (30 m). The data were collected at climate stations using manual and/or automated techniques. The spatial interpolation method, applied to monthly accumulations of precipitation, is based on a distance-weighted multivariate regression between the amount of precipitation and the station location and elevation. This report summarizes the temporal and spatial characteristics of the available precipitation records for the period 1960 to 2006, examines the temporal and spatial variability of precipitation during the period of record, and discusses some extremes in seasonal precipitation on the NTS.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071269","usgsCitation":"Blainey, J.B., Webb, R., and Magirl, C.S., 2007, Modeling the Spatial and Temporal Variation of Monthly and Seasonal Precipitation on the Nevada Test Site and Vicinity, 1960-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1269, vi, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071269.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10272,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1269/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699882","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blainey, Joan B.","contributorId":54284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blainey","given":"Joan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":292592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80445,"text":"ofr20071255 - 2007 - Increasing resiliency to natural hazards - A strategic plan for the Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project in Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T16:21:45","indexId":"ofr20071255","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1255","title":"Increasing resiliency to natural hazards - A strategic plan for the Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project in Southern California","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is initiating a new project designed to improve resiliency to natural hazards in southern California through the application of science to community decision making and emergency response. The Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project will assist the region’s communities to reduce their risk from natural hazards by directing new and existing research towards the community’s needs, improving monitoring technology, producing innovative products, and improving dissemination of the results. The natural hazards to be investigated in this project include coastal erosion, earthquakes, floods, landslides, tsunamis, and wildfires.
Americans are more at risk from natural hazards now than at any other time in our Nation’s history. Southern California, in particular, has one of the Nation’s highest potentials for extreme catastrophic losses due to natural hazards, with estimates of expected losses exceeding $3 billion per year. These losses can only be reduced through the decisions of the southern California community itself. To be effective, these decisions must be guided by the best information about hazards, risk, and the cost-effectiveness of mitigation technologies. The USGS will work with collaborators to set the direction of the research and to create multi-hazard risk frameworks where communities can apply the results of scientific research to their decision-making processes. Partners include state, county, city, and public-lands government agencies, public and private utilities, companies with a significant impact and presence in southern California, academic researchers, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and local emergency response agencies.
Prior to the writing of this strategic plan document, three strategic planning workshops were held in February and March 2006 at the USGS office in Pasadena to explore potential relationships. The goal of these planning sessions was to determine the external organizations’ needs for mitigation efforts before potential natural hazard events, and response efforts during and after the event. On the basis of input from workshop participants, four priority areas were identified for future research to address. They are (1) helping decision makers design planning scenarios, (2) improving upon the mapping of multiple hazards in urban areas, (3) providing real-time information from monitoring networks, and (4) integrating information in a risk and decision-making analysis. Towards this end, short-term and out-year goals have been outlined with the priorities in mind.
First-year goals are (1) to engage the user community to establish the structures and processes for communications and interactions, (2) to develop a program to create scenarios of anticipated disasters, beginning in the first year with a scenario of a southern San Andreas earthquake that triggers secondary hazards, (3) to compile existing datasets of geospatial data, and (4) to target research efforts to support more complete and robust products in future years. Both the first-year and out-year goals have been formulated around a working-group structure that builds on existing research strengths within the USGS. The project is intended to demonstrate how developments in methodology and products can lead to improvement in our management of natural hazards in an urban environment for application across the Nation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071255","usgsCitation":"Jones, L., Bernknopf, R., Cannon, S., Cox, D.A., Gaydos, L., Keeley, J., Kohler, M., Lee, H., Ponti, D., Ross, S.L., Schwarzbach, S., Shulters, M., Ward, A.W., and Wein, A., 2007, Increasing resiliency to natural hazards - A strategic plan for the Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project in Southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1255, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071255.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10271,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1255/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5478","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Lucy","contributorId":80356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Lucy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernknopf, Richard","contributorId":51701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernknopf","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannon, Susan","contributorId":16103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cox, Dale A. dacox@usgs.gov","contributorId":165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Dale","email":"dacox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gaydos, Len","contributorId":36637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaydos","given":"Len","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keeley, Jon","contributorId":7782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kohler, Monica","contributorId":34598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohler","given":"Monica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lee, Homa hjlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":48642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Homa","email":"hjlee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ponti, Daniel","contributorId":84457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponti","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ross, Stephanie L. 0000-0003-1389-4405 sross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1389-4405","contributorId":1024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Stephanie","email":"sross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Schwarzbach, Steven","contributorId":88038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarzbach","given":"Steven","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Shulters, Michael","contributorId":89614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shulters","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Ward, A. Wesley","contributorId":22861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wesley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Wein, Anne 0000-0002-5516-3697 awein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-3697","contributorId":589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne","email":"awein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":80442,"text":"sir20075119 - 2007 - Marine geophysical investigation of selected sites in Bridgeport Harbor, Connecticut, 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-22T20:23:46.569544","indexId":"sir20075119","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5119","displayTitle":"Marine Geophysical Investigation of Selected Sites in Bridgeport Harbor, Connecticut, 2006","title":"Marine geophysical investigation of selected sites in Bridgeport Harbor, Connecticut, 2006","docAbstract":"A marine geophysical investigation was conducted in 2006 to help characterize the bottom and subbottom materials and extent of bedrock in selected areas of Bridgeport Harbor, Connecticut. The data will be used by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in the design of confined aquatic disposal (CAD) cells within the harbor to facilitate dredging of the harbor. Three water-based geophysical methods were used to evaluate the geometry and composition of subsurface materials: (1) continuous seismic profiling (CSP) methods provide the depth to water bottom, and when sufficient signal penetration can be achieved, delineate the depth to bedrock and subbottom materials; (2) continuous resistivity profiling (CRP) methods were used to define the electrical properties of the shallow subbottom, and to possibly determine the distribution of conductive materials, such as clay, and resistive materials, such as sand and bedrock; (3) and magnetometer data were used to identify conductive anomalies of anthropogenic sources, such as cables and metallic debris. All data points were located using global positioning systems (GPS), and the GPS data were used for real-time navigation. The results of the CRP, CSP, and magnetometer data are consistent with the conceptual site model of a bedrock channel incised beneath the present day harbor. The channel appears to follow a north-northwest to south-southeast trend and is parallel to the Pequannock River. The seismic record and boring data indicate that under the channel, the depth to bedrock is as much as 42.7 meters (m) below mean low-low water (MLLW) in the dredged part of the harbor. The bedrock channel becomes shallower towards the shore, where bedrock outcrops have been mapped at land surface. CSP and CRP data were able to provide a discontinuous, but reasonable, trace from the channel toward the west under the proposed southwestern CAD cell. The data indicate a high amount of relief on the bedrock surface, as well as along the water bottom. Under the southwestern CAD cell, the sediments are only marginally thick enough for a CAD cell, at about 8 to 15 m in depth. Some of the profiles show small diffractions in the unconsolidated sediments, but no large-scale boulders or boulder fields were identified. No bedrock reflectors were imaged under the southeastern CAD cell, where core logs indicate the rock is as much as 30 m below MLLW. The chirp frequency, tuned transducer, and boomer-plate CSP surveys were adversely affected by a highly reflective water bottom causing strong multiples in the seismic record and very limited depths of penetration. These multiples are attributed to entrapped gas (methane) in the sediments or to very hard bottom conditions. In a limited number of places, the bedrock surface was observed in the CSP record, creating a discontinuous and sporadic image of the bedrock surface. These interpretations generally matched core data at FP-03-10 and FB-06-1. Use of two analog CSP systems, the boomer plate and tuned transducer, did not overcome the reflections off the water bottom and did not improve the depth of penetration. In general, the CRP profiles were used to corroborate the results of the CSP profiles. Relatively resistive zones associated with the locations of seismic reflections were interpreted as bedrock. The shape of the bedrock surface generally was similar in the CRP and CSP profiles. Evaluation of the CRP profiles indicated that the inversions were adversely affected where the depth and (or) ionic concentration of the water column varied. Consequently, the CRP profiles were broken into short intervals that extended just over the area of interest, where the depth to water bottom was fairly constant. Over these short profiles, efforts were made to evaluate the resistivity of the very shallow sediments to determine if there were any large contrasts in the resistivity of the sediments that might indicate differences in the shallow subbottom materials.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075119","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New England District","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.D., and White, E.A., 2007, Marine geophysical investigation of selected sites in Bridgeport Harbor, Connecticut, 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5119, vi, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075119.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":496,"text":"Office of Groundwater-Branch of Geophysics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":396276,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5119/"},{"id":396275,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81819.htm"},{"id":10268,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5119/pdf/sir2007-5119.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","city":"Bridgeport","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.19623947143555,\n 41.156168845136705\n ],\n [\n -73.15950393676758,\n 41.156168845136705\n ],\n [\n -73.15950393676758,\n 41.18304671668351\n ],\n [\n -73.19623947143555,\n 41.18304671668351\n ],\n [\n -73.19623947143555,\n 41.156168845136705\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606414","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578 cjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":1891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole","email":"cjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Eric A. 0000-0002-7782-146X eawhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7782-146X","contributorId":1737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Eric","email":"eawhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":292561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80440,"text":"sir20075179 - 2007 - Effects of agriculture and urbanization on quality of shallow ground water in the arid to semiarid western United States, 1993-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T19:51:38","indexId":"sir20075179","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5179","title":"Effects of agriculture and urbanization on quality of shallow ground water in the arid to semiarid western United States, 1993-2004","docAbstract":"Within the Western United States, agricultural and rural lands are being developed into commercial and residential areas. With changes in land use and increasing population, greater demands are placed on water resources for agricultural, industrial, and domestic supplies. Many areas in the Western United States rely exclusively on ground water as their source of drinking water. Areas that use surface-water resources often need to supplement this supply with ground water.
Generally, shallow ground water is susceptible to fluctuating water quality within relatively short time scales and therefore can be used as an indicator of land-use stresses that may, in time, affect deep aquifer systems. This regional study examines data on shallow ground-water quality collected from 1993 to 2004 from 273 agricultural and 181 urban wells from 7 U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment study units in Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, south-central Colorado, and Utah. This report determines important influences that land-use practices may have on the quality of recently recharged ground water, which may ultimately affect deep water supplies within the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075179","usgsCitation":"Paul, A.P., Seiler, R.L., Rowe, T.G., and Rosen, M.R., 2007, Effects of agriculture and urbanization on quality of shallow ground water in the arid to semiarid western United States, 1993-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5179, Report: x, 56 p.; 4 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075179.","productDescription":"Report: x, 56 p.; 4 Appendices","numberOfPages":"70","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1993-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10266,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5179/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","publicComments":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db62522a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paul, Angela P. 0000-0003-3909-1598 appaul@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3909-1598","contributorId":2305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"Angela","email":"appaul@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seiler, Ralph L.","contributorId":13609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowe, Timothy G.","contributorId":8455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosen, Michael R. 0000-0003-3991-0522 mrosen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-0522","contributorId":495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"mrosen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80439,"text":"ds291 - 2007 - Archive of side scan sonar and bathymetry data collected during USGS Cruise 06FSH01 offshore of Siesta Key, Florida, May 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-21T15:26:00","indexId":"ds291","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"291","title":"Archive of side scan sonar and bathymetry data collected during USGS Cruise 06FSH01 offshore of Siesta Key, Florida, May 2006","docAbstract":"This DVD publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds291","usgsCitation":"Ciembronowicz, K.T., Flocks, J.G., Wiese, D.S., DeWitt, N.T., Ferina, N.F., Robbins, L.L., and Harrison, A.S., 2007, Archive of side scan sonar and bathymetry data collected during USGS Cruise 06FSH01 offshore of Siesta Key, Florida, May 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 291, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds291.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds291.png"},{"id":10265,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/291/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Siesta Key","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.625,27.208333 ], [ -82.625,27.25 ], [ -82.5,27.25 ], [ -82.5,27.208333 ], [ -82.625,27.208333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697f5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ciembronowicz, Katherine T.","contributorId":89627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ciembronowicz","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiese, Dana S. dwiese@usgs.gov","contributorId":2476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiese","given":"Dana","email":"dwiese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeWitt, Nancy T. 0000-0002-2419-4087 ndewitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2419-4087","contributorId":4095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Nancy","email":"ndewitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ferina, Nick F.","contributorId":70501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferina","given":"Nick","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robbins, Lisa L. 0000-0003-3681-1094 lrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-1094","contributorId":422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Lisa","email":"lrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harrison, Arnell S. 0000-0002-5581-2255","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-2255","contributorId":35021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"Arnell","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":80406,"text":"ofr20061384 - 2007 - Fire Island National Seashore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T13:59:48","indexId":"ofr20061384","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1384","title":"Fire Island National Seashore","docAbstract":"These lidar-derived topographic maps were produced as a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program, the National Park Service (NPS), Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network, Inventory and Monitoring Program, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Wallops Flight Facility. The aims of the partnership that created this product are to develop advanced survey techniques for mapping barrier island geomorphology and habitats, and to enable the monitoring of ecological and geological change within National Seashores. This product is based on data from an innovative airborne lidar instrument under development at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility, the NASA Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061384","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the USGS-NPS-NASA EAARL Topography","usgsCitation":"Brock, J., Wright, C.W., Patterson, M., Nayagandhi, A., and Patterson, J., 2007, Fire Island National Seashore: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1384, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061384.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061384.PNG"},{"id":10228,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1384/start.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Fire Island National Seashore","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e32d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":57422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patterson, Matt","contributorId":93982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nayagandhi, Amar","contributorId":67986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayagandhi","given":"Amar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Patterson, Judd","contributorId":9358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Judd","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":80400,"text":"ofr20071217 - 2007 - Coastal processes study at Ocean Beach, San Francisco, CA: Summary of data collection 2004-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T19:03:30.705851","indexId":"ofr20071217","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1217","title":"Coastal processes study at Ocean Beach, San Francisco, CA: Summary of data collection 2004-2006","docAbstract":"Ocean Beach in San Francisco, California, contains a persistent erosional section in the shadow of the San Francisco ebb tidal delta and south of Sloat Boulevard that threatens valuable public infrastructure as well as the safe recreational use of the beach. Coastal managers have been discussing potential mediation measures for over a decade, with little scientific research available to aid in decision making. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) initiated the Ocean Beach Coastal Processes Study in April 2004 to provide the scientific knowledge necessary for coastal managers to make informed management decisions. This study integrates a wide range of field data collection and numerical modeling techniques to document nearshore sediment transport processes at the mouth of San Francisco Bay, with emphasis on how these processes relate to erosion at Ocean Beach. The Ocean Beach Coastal Processes Study is the first comprehensive study of coastal processes at the mouth of San Francisco Bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071217","usgsCitation":"Barnard, P., Eshleman, J., Erikson, L., and Hanes, D.M., 2007, Coastal processes study at Ocean Beach, San Francisco, CA: Summary of data collection 2004-2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1217, xi, 165 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071217.","productDescription":"xi, 165 p.","numberOfPages":"176","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194839,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071217.PNG"},{"id":10224,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1217/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":292641,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1217/of2007-1217.pdf"},{"id":414563,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81796.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"Ocean Beach","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.4983,\n 37.7167\n ],\n [\n -122.4983,\n 37.8917\n ],\n [\n -122.7064,\n 37.8917\n ],\n [\n -122.7064,\n 37.7167\n ],\n [\n -122.4983,\n 37.7167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeb76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L.","contributorId":54936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eshleman, Jodi","contributorId":41909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eshleman","given":"Jodi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erikson, Li H. 0000-0002-8607-7695 lerikson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8607-7695","contributorId":3170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"Li H.","email":"lerikson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanes, Daniel M.","contributorId":96360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanes","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80393,"text":"sir20075100 - 2007 - Effects of the temporal variability of evapotranspiration on hydrologic simulation in central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T21:07:46.482531","indexId":"sir20075100","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5100","title":"Effects of the temporal variability of evapotranspiration on hydrologic simulation in central Florida","docAbstract":"The transient response of a hydrologic system can be of concern to water-resource managers, because it is often extreme relatively short-lived events, such as floods or droughts, that profoundly influence the management of the resource. The water available to a hydrologic system for stream flow and aquifer recharge is determined by the difference of precipitation and evapotranspiration (ET). As such, temporal variations in precipitation and ET determine the degree of influence each has on the transient response of the hydrologic system.\r\n\r\nMeteorological, ET, and hydrologic data collected from 1993 to 2003 and spanning 1- to 3 2/3 -year periods were used to develop a hydrologic model for each of five sites in central Florida. The sensitivities of simulated water levels and flows to simple approximations of ET were quantified and the adequacy of each ET approximation was assessed. ET was approximated by computing potential ET, using the Hargreaves and Priestley-Taylor equations, and applying vegetation coefficients to adjust the potential ET values to actual ET. The Hargreaves and Priestley-Taylor ET approximations were used in the calibrated hydrologic models while leaving all other model characteristics and parameter values unchanged.\r\n\r\nTwo primary factors that influence how the temporal variability of ET affects hydrologic simulation in central Florida were identified: (1) stochastic character of precipitation and ET and (2) the ability of the local hydrologic system to attenuate variability in input stresses. Differences in the stochastic character of precipitation and ET, both the central location and spread of the data, result in substantial influence of precipitation on the quantity and timing of water available to the hydrologic system and a relatively small influence of ET. The temporal variability of ET was considerably less than that of precipitation at each site over a wide range of time scales (from daily to annual). However, when precipitation and ET are of similar magnitude, small errors in ET can produce relatively large errors in available water, and accurate estimates of actual ET are more important. Local hydrologic conditions can also be an important factor influencing the hydrologic response to ET variability. Various points along a flow path in a hydrologic system respond differently to temporal variations in ET. For example, soil moisture contents in the root zone are sensitive to daily variations in ET, whereas spring flow responds to only longer term variations in ET.\r\n\r\nBoth the Hargreaves and Priestley-Taylor equations for potential ET, when applied with an annually invariant monthly vegetation coefficient derived from comparison of measured ET with computed potential ET values, can be used with a hydrologic model to produce reasonable predictions of water levels and flows. Baseline-adjusted modified coefficients of efficiency for simulated water levels ranged from 0.0, indicating that water levels were simulated equally as well with approximated ET as with actual ET values, to -0.6, indicating that water levels were simulated better with actual ET values. Simulations using the Hargreaves approximation consistently yielded larger absolute and relative errors than the Priestley-Taylor approximation. However, the differences between the Hargreaves and Priestley-Taylor simulations generally were much smaller than differences between these simulations and the simulations using actual ET. This suggests that the simpler Hargreaves equation may be an adequate substitute for the more complex Priestley-Taylor equation, depending on the level of accuracy required to satisfy the particular modeling objectives.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075100","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with St. Johns River Water Management District","usgsCitation":"O’Reilly, A.M., 2007, Effects of the temporal variability of evapotranspiration on hydrologic simulation in central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5100, vi, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075100.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191312,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415473,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81794.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":10216,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5100/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.8208,\n 27.5611\n ],\n [\n -80.3333,\n 27.5611\n ],\n [\n -80.3333,\n 29.7289\n ],\n [\n -82.8208,\n 29.7289\n ],\n [\n -82.8208,\n 27.5611\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db6103cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Reilly, Andrew M. 0000-0003-3220-1248 aoreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-1248","contributorId":2184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Reilly","given":"Andrew","email":"aoreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80394,"text":"ofr20071163 - 2007 - Geophysical framework investigations influencing ground-water resources in east-central Nevada and west-central Utah, with a section on geologic and geophysical basin by basin descriptions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-14T21:49:28.787524","indexId":"ofr20071163","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1163","title":"Geophysical framework investigations influencing ground-water resources in east-central Nevada and west-central Utah, with a section on geologic and geophysical basin by basin descriptions","docAbstract":"A geophysical investigation was undertaken as part of an effort to characterize the geologic framework influencing ground-water resources in east-central Nevada and west-central Utah. New gravity data were combined with existing aeromagnetic, drill-hole, and geologic data to help determine basin geometry, infer structural features, estimate depth to pre-Cenozoic basement rocks, and further constrain the horizontal extents of exposed and buried plutons. In addition, a three-dimensional (3D) geologic model was constructed to help illustrate the often complex geometries of individual basins and aid in assessing the connectivity of adjacent basins. In general, the thirteen major valleys within the study area have axes oriented north-south and frequently contain one or more sub-basins. These basins are often asymmetric and typically reach depths of 2 km. Analysis of gravity data helped delineate geophysical lineaments and accommodation zones. Structural complexities may further compartmentalize ground-water flow within basins and the influence of tectonics on basin sedimentation further complicates their hydrologic properties.\r\n\r\nThe horizontal extent of exposed and, in particular, buried plutons was estimated over the entire study area. The location and subsurface extents of these plutons will be very important for regional water resource assessments, as these features may act as either barriers or pathways for groundwater flow. A previously identified basement gravity low strikes NW within the study area and occurs within a highly extended terrane between the Butte and Confusion synclinoria. Evidence from geophysical, geologic, and seismic reflection data suggests relatively lower density plutonic rocks may extend to moderate crustal depths and rocks of similar composition may be the source of the entire basement gravity anomaly.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071163","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM)","usgsCitation":"Watt, J.T., Ponce, D.A., and Wallace, A., 2007, Geophysical framework investigations influencing ground-water resources in east-central Nevada and west-central Utah, with a section on geologic and geophysical basin by basin descriptions (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1163, Report: iv, 43 p.; 2 Plates: 18.00 × 23.15 inches and 18.00 × 23.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071163.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 43 p.; 2 Plates: 18.00 × 23.15 inches and 18.00 × 23.90 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":314,"text":"Geophysics Unit of Menlo Park, CA (GUMP)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402190,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81795.htm"},{"id":10217,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1163/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.5,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -116.5,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -116.5,\n 37\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c48a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watt, Janet T. 0000-0002-4759-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":8564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallace, Alan R.","contributorId":287598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wallace","given":"Alan R.","affiliations":[{"id":61619,"text":"USGS emeritus, not in Active Directory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80404,"text":"ofr20071007 - 2007 - EAARL first return topography— Fire Island National Seashore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-13T21:51:49.138281","indexId":"ofr20071007","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1007","title":"EAARL first return topography— Fire Island National Seashore","docAbstract":"This Web site contains 31 LIDAR-derived first return topography maps and GIS files for Fire Island National Seashore.
These lidar-derived topographic maps were produced as a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program, the National Park Service (NPS), Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network, Inventory and Monitoring Program, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Wallops Flight Facility. The aims of the partnership that created this product are to develop advanced survey techniques for mapping barrier island geomorphology and habitats, and to enable the monitoring of ecological and geological change within National Seashores. This product is based on data from an innovative airborne lidar instrument under development at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility, the NASA Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the USGS-NPS-NASA EAARL Topography","usgsCitation":"Brock, J., Wright, C.W., Patterson, M., Nayagandhi, A., and Patterson, J., 2007, EAARL first return topography— Fire Island National Seashore: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1007, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071007.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10226,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1007/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":190797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071007.jpg"},{"id":292706,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1007/start.html"},{"id":392832,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81814.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Fire Island National Seashore","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.89772033691406,\n 40.71707851579789\n ],\n [\n -72.90252685546875,\n 40.73112880602221\n ],\n [\n -73.04878234863281,\n 40.67855510939917\n ],\n [\n -73.15864562988281,\n 40.65303410892721\n ],\n [\n -73.25477600097656,\n 40.63375667842965\n ],\n [\n -73.32275390625,\n 40.62854560636587\n ],\n [\n -73.32206726074219,\n 40.616558597344756\n ],\n [\n -73.27949523925781,\n 40.6113461833302\n ],\n [\n -73.05908203125,\n 40.65511782196881\n ],\n [\n -72.89772033691406,\n 40.71707851579789\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a59e4b07f02db62f9ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":57422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patterson, Matt","contributorId":93982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nayagandhi, Amar","contributorId":67986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayagandhi","given":"Amar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Patterson, Judd","contributorId":9358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Judd","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":80398,"text":"sir20075037 - 2007 - Occurrence of Uranium and 222Radon in Glacial and Bedrock Aquifers in the Northern United States, 1993-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:21","indexId":"sir20075037","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5037","title":"Occurrence of Uranium and 222Radon in Glacial and Bedrock Aquifers in the Northern United States, 1993-2003","docAbstract":"Water-quality data collected from 1,426 wells during 1993-2003 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program were evaluated to characterize the water quality in glacial and bedrock aquifers of the northern United States. One of the goals of the NAWQA program is to synthesize data from individual studies across the United States to gain regional- and national-scale information about the behavior of contaminants. This study focused on the regional occurrence and distribution of uranium and 222radon in ground water in the glacial aquifer system of the United States as well as in the Cambrian-Ordovician and the New York and New England crystalline aquifer systems that underlie the glacial aquifer system. The occurrence of uranium and 222radon in ground water has long been a concern throughout the United States. In the glacial aquifers, as well as the Cambrian-Ordovician and the New York and New England crystalline aquifer systems of the United States, concentrations of uranium and 222radon were highly variable. High concentrations of uranium and 222radon affect ground water used for drinking water and for agriculture.\r\n\r\nA combination of information or data on (1) national-scale ground-water regions, (2) regional-scale glacial depositional models, (3) regional-scale geology, and (4) national-scale terrestrial gamma-ray emissions were used to confirm and(or) refine the regions used in the analysis of the water-chemistry data. Significant differences in the occurrence of uranium and 222radon, based primarily on geologic information were observed and used in this report. In general, uranium was highest in the Columbia Plateau glacial, West-Central glacial, and the New York and New England crystalline aquifer groups (75th percentile concentrations of 22.3, 7.7, and 2.9 micrograms per liter (ug/L), respectively). In the Columbia Plateau glacial and the West-Central glacial aquifer groups, more than 10 percent of wells sampled had concentrations of uranium that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Maximum Contaminant Level of 30 ug/L; in the New York and New England crystalline aquifer group, 4 percent exceeded 30 ug/L.\r\n\r\nGround-water samples with high concentrations of uranium were commonly linked to geologic sources rich in uranium. In eight of nine aquifer groups defined for this study, concentrations of uranium correlated significantly with concentrations of sulfate in ground water (Spearman's rho = 0.20 to 0.56; p < 0.05). In the Columbia Plateau, glacial aquifers were derived in part from basaltic lava flows, some felsic volcanic rocks, and some paleo-lake bed materials that may be rich in uranium. In the Columbia Plateau and West-Central glacial aquifer groups, uranium correlated with total dissolved solids, bicarbonate, boron, lithium, selenium, and strontium. In the West-Central glacial aquifer group, rocks such as Cretaceous marine shales, which are abundant in uranium, probably contribute to the high concentrations in ground water; in the southern part of this group, which extends into Nebraska, the glacial or glacial-related sediment may be interbedded with uranium-rich materials that originated to the north and west and in the Rocky Mountains. In New England, crystalline bedrock that is granitic, such as two-mica granites, as well as other high-grade metamorphic rocks, has abundant uranium that is soluble in the predominantly oxic to sub-oxic geochemical conditions. This appears to contribute to high uranium concentrations in ground water.\r\n\r\nThe highest 222radon concentrations were present in samples from wells completed in the New York and New England crystalline aquifer group; the median value (2,122 picocurries per liter (pCi/L)) was about 10 times the median values of all other aquifer groups. More than 25 percent of the samples from the New York and New England crystalline aquifer group wells had 222radon concentrations that exceeded the USEPA Alternative","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075037","usgsCitation":"Ayotte, J., Flanagan, S., and Morrow, W.S., 2007, Occurrence of Uranium and 222Radon in Glacial and Bedrock Aquifers in the Northern United States, 1993-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5037, viii, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075037.","productDescription":"viii, 85 p.","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10222,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5037/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af6e4b07f02db692a87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. jayotte@usgs.gov","contributorId":1802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph D.","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flanagan, Sarah M.","contributorId":8492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanagan","given":"Sarah M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morrow, William S. 0000-0002-2250-3165 wsmorrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2250-3165","contributorId":1886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrow","given":"William","email":"wsmorrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80386,"text":"ofr20071191 - 2007 - The geology of Six Mile Reef, eastern Long Island Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-11T13:20:24.031072","indexId":"ofr20071191","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1191","title":"The geology of Six Mile Reef, eastern Long Island Sound","docAbstract":"Digital terrain models, which can be produced from multibeam bathymetric data, are ordered arrays of depths for a number of sea-floor positions sampled at regularly spaced intervals. These models provide valuable base maps for marine geological interpretations that help define the variability of the sea floor (one of the primary controls of benthic habitat diversity), improve our understanding of the processes that control the distribution and transport of bottom sediments and the distribution of benthic habitats, and provide a detailed framework to guide and assist future research, monitoring, and management activities.
The bathymetry interpreted herein was processed from data collected by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration vessels during hydrographic surveys H11361 and H11252. These surveys mapped roughly 156 km² of sea floor in the vicinity of Six Mile Reef, an area of eastern Long Island Sound where the sea floor is characterized by fields of large sand waves and an east-west decreasing gradient of bottom tidal-current speeds (fig. 1). Interpretations of the bathymetry are supplemented by concurrently collected seismic reflection data, as well as archived historic seismic profiles, sediment samples and bottom photography collected as part of a long-standing geologic mapping partnership between the State of Connecticut and the U.S. Geological Survey (fig. 2). The purpose of this digital report is 1) to provide the acoustic data layers produced during the above mentioned surveys, 2) to use them to describe the sea-floor character and bedform morphologies near Six Mile Reef, and 3) to relate these descriptions to ongoing processes and sedimentary environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071191","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., Denny, J.F., Williams, S., Moser, M.S., Forfinski, N., Stewart, H., and Doran, E.F., 2007, The geology of Six Mile Reef, eastern Long Island Sound: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1191, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071191.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191382,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071191.PNG"},{"id":10209,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1191/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island Sound, Six Mile Reef","geographicExtents":"{\"crs\": {\"type\": \"name\", \"properties\": {\"name\": \"urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84\"}}, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [[[-72.53859631199987, 41.218613803000096], [-72.39995053699988, 41.21874296300012], [-72.39917557899993, 41.1488675590001], [-72.50685172499993, 41.147174132000096], [-72.53914165299989, 41.148437027000035], [-72.53973895299993, 41.152452098000126], [-72.63745415599995, 41.15135684000012], [-72.64780867799993, 41.15392906600014], [-72.64759869999995, 41.15795801200005], [-72.64501335099993, 41.158863541000116], [-72.64858296999994, 41.163627408000174], [-72.64573312599987, 41.167984378000064], [-72.64748058799995, 41.178325842000085], [-72.64573514899983, 41.18675119500003], [-72.64807114999985, 41.18816854400017], [-72.64556454199987, 41.188890342000015], [-72.64757245299991, 41.19235497300006], [-72.64555141799985, 41.195898344999996], [-72.64868883399991, 41.198774326000034], [-72.64586602199995, 41.20452898600011], [-72.64558737499988, 41.21457238100004], [-72.53995891699992, 41.214048287000175], [-72.53859631199987, 41.218613803000096]]]}, \"properties\": {\"extentType\": \"Custom\", \"code\": \"\", \"name\": \"\", \"notes\": \"\", \"promotedForReuse\": false, \"abbreviation\": \"\", \"shortName\": \"\", \"description\": \"\"}, \"bbox\": [-72.64868883399991, 41.14704497200005, -72.39817100399995, 41.21874296300012], \"type\": \"Feature\", \"id\": \"3091886\"}","contact":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c591","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denny, J. F.","contributorId":13653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, S.J.","contributorId":85203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moser, M. S.","contributorId":98391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moser","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Forfinski, N.A.","contributorId":13702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forfinski","given":"N.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stewart, H.F.","contributorId":83620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"H.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Doran, E. F.","contributorId":31066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":80384,"text":"ds292 - 2007 - Drought-trigger ground-water levels in Chester County, Pennsylvania, for the period of record ending May 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T17:09:58","indexId":"ds292","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"292","title":"Drought-trigger ground-water levels in Chester County, Pennsylvania, for the period of record ending May 2006","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of a study by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Chester County Water Resources Authority (CCWRA), to update the drought-trigger water levels for the Chester County observation-well network. The Chester County observation-well network was established in 1973 through a cooperative agreement between the CCWRA and the USGS to monitor local ground-water levels and trends and to determine drought conditions.
In 1990 and again in 1997, drought-warning and drought-emergency water-level triggers were determined for the majority of wells in the existing Chester County observation-well network of 23 wells. Since 1997, the Chester County observation-well network expanded to 29 wells, some of the original wells were destroyed, and additional monthly water-level observations were made to allow for better statistical relations. Because of these changes, new statistics for water-level triggers were required.
For this study, 19 of the 29 wells in the observation-well network were used to compute drought-trigger water levels. An additional 'drought-watch water-level trigger' category was developed to make the Chester County drought-trigger water-level categories consistent with those implemented by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PaDEP). The three drought-trigger water-level categories, as defined by PaDEP are 1) 'drought watch' when at the 75th-percentile level; 2) 'drought warning' when at the 90th-percentile level; and 3) 'drought emergency' when at the 95th-percentile level.
A revised methodology, resulting from longer periods of record representing ground-water and climatic conditions and changes in local water use, has resulted in some observed differences in drought-trigger water levels. A comparison of current drought-trigger water levels to those calculated in 1997 shows the largest mean annual change in percentile values was in northeastern Chester County. In this northeastern region, the average 90th-percentile water levels changed by as much as 1.84 feet (17.5 percent) from those determined in 1997. Other observation wells in the county generally exhibited a smaller mean annual change in percentile values; a typical change was less than 0.5 foot. While most revisions in the drought-trigger water levels generally can be attributed to different methodology and (or) the additional years of data collected under existing climatic conditions, anthropogenic influences, such as the cessation of local pumping stresses, also were shown to cause changes in the drought-trigger water levels determined in this study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds292","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Chester County Water Resources Authority","usgsCitation":"Cinotto, P.J., 2007, Drought-trigger ground-water levels in Chester County, Pennsylvania, for the period of record ending May 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 292, iv, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds292.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10207,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2007/292/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Chester 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Peter J. pcinotto@usgs.gov","contributorId":451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cinotto","given":"Peter","email":"pcinotto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}