{"pageNumber":"855","pageRowStart":"21350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68934,"records":[{"id":70160915,"text":"70160915 - 2009 - Status and trends of the Lake Huron deepwater demersal fish ommunity, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T10:42:41","indexId":"70160915","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Status and trends of the Lake Huron deepwater demersal fish ommunity, 2008","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S.Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center has conducted trawl surveys to assess annual changes in the deepwater demersal fish community of Lake Huron since 1973. Since 1992, surveys have been carried out using a 21 m wing trawl towed on-contour at depths ranging from 9 to 110 m on fixed transects. Sample sites include five ports in U.S. waters with less frequent sampling near Goderich, Ontario. The 2008 fall bottom trawl survey was carried out between October 24 and November 20, 2008 and sampled only the three northern U.S. ports at DeTour, Hammond Bay, and Alpena due to mechanical problems with the research vessel and prolonged periods of bad weather. Therefore, all data presented for 2008 are based on samples collected from these ports. Compared to previous years, alewife populations in Lake Huron remain at low levels after collapsing in 2004. Age-0 alewife density and biomass appears to have increased slightly but overall levels remain near the nadir observed in 2004. Density and biomass of adult and juvenile rainbow smelt showed a decrease from 2007 despite record-high abundance of juveniles observed in 2005, suggesting recruitment was low. Numbers of adult and juvenile bloater were low despite recent high year-classes. Abundances for most other prey species were similar to the low levels observed in 2005 - 2007. We captured one wild juvenile lake trout in 2008 representing the fifth consecutive year that wild lake trout were captured in the survey. Based on pairwise graphical comparisons and nonparametric correlation analyses, dynamics of prey abundance at the three northern ports followed lakewide trends since 1992. Density of benthic macroinvertebrates was at an all-time low in 2008 since sampling began in 2001. The decline in abundance was due to decreases in all taxonomic groups and a large reduction in recruitment of quagga mussels. Density of Diporeia at northern ports in 2008 was the lowest observed. Diporeia were found only at 73-m sites of three ports sampled in northern Lake Huron. While no lakewide estimate of prey biomass was calculated due to the limited spatial scope of the 2008 survey, existing data suggest prey biomass remains depressed. Prey available to salmonids during 2009 will likely be small alewives, small rainbow smelt and small bloaters. Predators in Lake Huron will continue to face potential prey shortages.</span></p>","conferenceTitle":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Lake Huron Committee Meeting","conferenceDate":"March 27, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Ypsilanti, MI","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Roseman, E., O’Brien, T.P., Riley, S.C., Farha, S., and French, J.R., 2009, Status and trends of the Lake Huron deepwater demersal fish ommunity, 2008, Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Lake Huron Committee Meeting, Ypsilanti, MI, March 27, 2009, 21 p.","productDescription":"21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-012475","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340122,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":313268,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glsc.usgs.gov/products/reports/2061639626"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Huron","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58fdbd1ce4b0074928294493","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roseman, Edward F. eroseman@usgs.gov","contributorId":147266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"Edward F.","email":"eroseman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":584227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Brien, Timothy P. 0000-0003-4502-5204 tiobrien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4502-5204","contributorId":2662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Timothy","email":"tiobrien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riley, Stephen C. 0000-0002-8968-8416 sriley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8968-8416","contributorId":2661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"Stephen","email":"sriley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":584230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farha, Steven A. 0000-0001-9953-6996 sfarha@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-6996","contributorId":5170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farha","given":"Steven","email":"sfarha@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"French, John R. 0000-0001-8901-7092 frenchjrp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8901-7092","contributorId":2519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"John","email":"frenchjrp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70047268,"text":"70047268 - 2009 - An introduction to standardized sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T14:08:50.371819","indexId":"70047268","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"1","title":"An introduction to standardized sampling","docAbstract":"<p>It was probably one of the oddest riots in the history of the United States. In Erie, Pennsylvania during 1853. federal marshals were called to restore order during bloody uprisings. A mob of women, equipped with sledgehammers, was tearing up railroad rack to protest standardization of track width (Nesmith 1985). All across the United States, standardization of rail gauges was talking place to improve transportation across the country,but many people did not want consistency. Jobs moving freight from, a train running on one gauge of track to a train running on another gauge were plentiful at this time, and standardization would mean these jobs would disappear. Fortunately, for us today, the riots were quelled and standardization of railroad tack gauges went ahead. The magnificent transportation system of North America was aided by the standardization of rails, contributing to robust economies.</p>\n<p>Standardization of industrial processes, languages, measurements, and data collection methods has been essential for world progress (Figure 1.1). Today , we are often&nbsp;unaware of the degree of standardization of the most basic elements of our society--from bolts and nuts where thread sizes are standard to computer components that can be used interchangeably to the standard sizes of photos we carry in our wallets or purses. Data collection and presentation are standardized in many disciplines, including medicine, meteorology, geology, and water chemistry. For example, our cholesterol, body temperature, and blood pressure are measured by standard medical tests and compared to averages calculated from the results of the same standard tests for many other people to determine if individuals are higher, lower, or average compared to the population in general. &nbsp;If these diagnostic tests were not standardized, it is unlikely that we would be able to evaluate eve the most basic data about our health. In fact, if standardization was not used in countless other facets of our society our lives would be much more difficult.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>For data collection purposes, standardization means to collect data in one way so comparisons can be easily made. Although routine data collection has been standardized in many other disciplines, data from freshwater fish sampling across North America have not. Previously, most data collection has been standardized only at local, state, and provincial levels (Bonar and Hubert 2002).</p>\n<p>Several years ago, when one of the authors (Bonar) was a biologist for a state agency, he was asked to compile as much data as he could about the state's warmwater fish communities to provide information to managers developing fishing regulations. These data had been collected by many biologists over time using different methods, including rotenone, electrofishing, gill netting, and hook-and-line sampling. Data were written carefully on detailed data sheets or in scribbled notes in a biologists's notebook. As you can imagine, these data were a nightmare to compile. However, they were even worse to interpret.</p>\n<p>How could length-frequency distributions be compared among lakes if the methods used to catch the fish were dissimilar with differing efficiencies in sampling fish of various species and lengths? How could catch per unit effort (CPUE), a common index of population density, be compared when samples were collected one year using fyke nets and the next year by electrofishing? Ultimately, how could one compare if fish population were high, low, or average in growth, body condition, or abundance if there was no compilation of distributions of standard data to facilitate comparison?</p>\n<p>Months were spent trying to interpret these data, and finally a body of comparable data gathered by similar methods was assimilated. However, much of the nonstandard data had to be discarded--data that had taken thousands of hours to collect but were essentially useless. If all data jhad been collected and recorded in a standard manner, whoch would have required very little extra work, all of these hours of survey effort would not have gone to naught and isights regardimng the fisheries would have been imporived by a larger number of samples.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.47886/9781934874103.ch1","usgsCitation":"Bonar, S.A., Contreras-Balderas, S., and Iles, A.C., 2009, An introduction to standardized sampling, chap. 1 <i>of</i> Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874103.ch1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":127,"text":"Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275501,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f78ee3e4b02e26443a934d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509408,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, Wayne A.","contributorId":9325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509409,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willis, David W.","contributorId":55313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509410,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A.","contributorId":79617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Contreras-Balderas, Salvador","contributorId":35956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Contreras-Balderas","given":"Salvador","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iles, Alison C.","contributorId":7546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iles","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036875,"text":"70036875 - 2009 - Occurrence of transformation products in the environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T10:36:25","indexId":"70036875","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1876,"text":"The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"chapter":"11","title":"Occurrence of transformation products in the environment","docAbstract":"Historically, most environmental occurrence research has focused on the parent compounds of organic contaminants. Research, however, has documented that the environmental transport of chemicals, such as pesticides and emerging contaminants, are substantially underestimated if transformation products are not considered. Although most examples described herein were drawn from research conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, such results are generally reflective of those found in other parts of the world. Results from a study of 51 streams in the Midwestern United States found that transformation products were seven of the ten most frequently detected pesticide compounds in late spring runoff (after application of pre-emergent herbicides), and nine of the ten most frequently detected compounds in fall season runoff (during and after harvest). In fact, 70% of the total herbicide concentration in water from the Mississippi River Basin was from transformation products. Results from a study of 86 municipal wells in Iowa found the frequency of detection increased from 17%, when pesticide parent compounds were considered, to 53%, when both parents and transformation products were considered. Transformation products were 12 of the 15 most frequently detected compounds for this groundwater study. Although studies on transformation products of synthetic organic compounds other than pesticides are not as common, wastewater treatment plant discharges have repeatedly been shown to contribute such transformation products to streams. In addition, select detergent transformation products have been commonly found in solid waste in the 1000's mg/kg. These findings and many others document that transformation products must be considered to fully assess the potential environmental occurrence of chemical contaminants and their transport and fate in various compartments of the hydrologic system. ?? 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transformation products of synthetic chemicals in the environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/698_2_011","isbn":"978-3-540-88272-5 ","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D.W., Battaglin, W.A., Conn, K., Furlong, E.T., Glassmeyer, S., Kalkhoff, S.J., Meyer, M.T., and Schnoebelen, D.J., 2009, Occurrence of transformation products in the environment, chap. 11 <i>of</i> Transformation products of synthetic chemicals in the environment: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry series, v. 2P, p. 83-100, https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2_011.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"100","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2P","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6c47e4b0c8380cd74b44","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Boxall, Alistair B.A.","contributorId":187614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boxall","given":"Alistair","email":"","middleInitial":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536670,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conn, Kathleen E. 0000-0002-2334-6536 kconn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2334-6536","contributorId":3923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conn","given":"Kathleen E.","email":"kconn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Glassmeyer, Susan T.","contributorId":72924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glassmeyer","given":"Susan T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kalkhoff, Stephen J. 0000-0003-4110-1716 sjkalkho@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-1716","contributorId":1731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"Stephen","email":"sjkalkho@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schnoebelen, Douglas J.","contributorId":87514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnoebelen","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70156324,"text":"70156324 - 2009 - Ice and water on Newberry Volcano, central Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-05T15:58:28.619743","indexId":"70156324","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"15","subseriesTitle":"Field Guide","title":"Ice and water on Newberry Volcano, central Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>Newberry Volcano in central Oregon is dry over much of its vast area, except for the lakes in the caldera and the single creek that drains them. Despite the lack of obvious glacial striations and well-formed glacial moraines, evidence indicates that Newberry was glaciated. Meter-sized foreign blocks, commonly with smoothed shapes, are found on cinder cones as far as 7 km from the caldera rim. These cones also show evidence of shaping by flowing ice. In addition, multiple dry channels likely cut by glacial meltwater are common features of the eastern and western flanks of the volcano. On the older eastern flank of the volcano, a complex depositional and erosional history is recorded by lava flows, some of which flowed down channels, and interbedded sediments of probable glacial origin. Postglacial lava flows have subsequently filled some of the channels cut into the sediments. The evidence suggests that Newberry Volcano has been subjected to multiple glaciations.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Volcanoes to vineyards: Geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, Colorado","isbn":"9780813700151 0813700159","usgsCitation":"Donnelly-Nolan, J.M., and Jensen, R.A., 2009, Ice and water on Newberry Volcano, central Oregon, chap. <i>of</i> Volcanoes to vineyards: Geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest, v. 15, p. 81-90.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-014260","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Newberry Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.35635375976562,\n              43.64601335623949\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.35635375976562,\n              43.79588033566535\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.08444213867186,\n              43.79588033566535\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.08444213867186,\n              43.64601335623949\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.35635375976562,\n              43.64601335623949\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d5a8b1e4b0518e3546a4c2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"O’Connor, Jim oconnor@usgs.gov","contributorId":2350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"Jim","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":568680,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madin, Ian P.","contributorId":66404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madin","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568681,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorsey, Rebecca","contributorId":140302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorsey","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568682,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, Julie M. 0000-0001-8714-9606 jdnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8714-9606","contributorId":3271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"Julie","email":"jdnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jensen, Robert A.","contributorId":35469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7134,"text":"USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047287,"text":"70047287 - 2009 - Warmwater and coldwater fish in two-story stranding waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T15:02:29.061968","indexId":"70047287","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"10","title":"Warmwater and coldwater fish in two-story stranding waters","docAbstract":"<p>Two-story fisheries occur in lakes or reservoirs characterized by two distinct spatial strata, warmwater and coldwater. These strata develop as the system begins to warm in the spring or summer in response to solar radiation and then separate into an upper warmwater stratum (epilimnion, hereafter referred to as the upper stratum) and a lower coldwater stratum (hypolimnion, hereafter referred to as the lower stratum) separated by the thermocline, a zone of rapidly declining temperatures with depth (i.e., stratification; Figure 10.1). Each stratum or story is dominated by fish species with different physiological constraints, dietary preferences, and behavior.</p><p>The original use of the term “two-story” described lentic systems in which the lower stratum was less than 21°C during summer and dominated by stocked salmonids, the upper stratum was dominated by sunfishes or perches, and attempts were made to simultaneously manage both strata as sport fisheries (e.g., Jones 1982). However, the terminology is now used more generally to describe any two-stratum system where a coldwater species dominates the lower stratum, often piscivores; a warmwater species dominates the upper stratum, often a planktivore or omnivore; and both contribute to the sport fishery. In general, the upper stratum is characterized by a large, relatively shallow, littoral zone where a diverse assemblage of fishes interact with the bottom, whereas the lower stratum is characterized as deep and pelagic with fewer fish species.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.47886/9781934874103.ch10","usgsCitation":"Budy, P.E., Thiede, G.P., Luecke, C., and Schneidervin, R.W., 2009, Warmwater and coldwater fish in two-story stranding waters, chap. 10 <i>of</i> Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes, p. 159-170, https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874103.ch10.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"170","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":609,"text":"Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275543,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f78eede4b02e26443a93db","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509429,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, Wayne A.","contributorId":9325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509430,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willis, David W.","contributorId":55313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509431,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Budy, Phaedra E. pbudy@usgs.gov","contributorId":2232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"Phaedra","email":"pbudy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":322,"text":"Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thiede, Gary P.","contributorId":9154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiede","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luecke, Chris","contributorId":18651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luecke","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schneidervin, Roger W.","contributorId":37621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneidervin","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034983,"text":"70034983 - 2009 - Implications of anthropogenic river stage fluctuations on mass transport in a valley fill aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T12:19:47","indexId":"70034983","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of anthropogenic river stage fluctuations on mass transport in a valley fill aquifer","docAbstract":"<p><span>In humid regions a strong coupling between surface water features and groundwater systems may exist. In these environments the exchange of water and solute depends primarily on the hydraulic gradient between the reservoirs. We hypothesize that daily changes in river stage associated with anthropogenic water releases (such as those from a hydroelectric dam) cause anomalous mixing in the near‐stream environment by creating large hydraulic head gradients between the stream and adjacent aquifer. We present field observations of hydraulic gradient reversals in a shallow aquifer. Important physical processes observed in the field are explicitly reproduced in a physically based two‐dimensional numerical model of groundwater flow coupled to a simplistic surface water boundary condition. Mass transport simulations of a conservative solute introduced into the surface water are performed and examined relative to a stream condition without stage fluctuations. Simulations of 20 d for both fluctuating river stage and fixed high river stage show that more mass is introduced into the aquifer from the stream in the oscillating case even though the net water flux is zero. Enhanced transport by mechanical dispersion leads to mass being driven away from the hydraulic zone of influence of the river. The modification of local hydraulic gradients is likely to be important for understanding dissolved mass transport in near‐stream aquifer environments and can influence exchange zone processes under conditions of high‐frequency stream stage changes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006526","usgsCitation":"Boutt, D.F., and Fleming, B.J., 2009, Implications of anthropogenic river stage fluctuations on mass transport in a valley fill aquifer: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 4, Article W04427; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006526.","productDescription":"Article W04427; 14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a391fe4b0c8380cd617e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boutt, David F.","contributorId":81095,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boutt","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleming, Brandon J. 0000-0001-9649-7485 bjflemin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9649-7485","contributorId":4115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"Brandon","email":"bjflemin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70156571,"text":"70156571 - 2009 - Cataclysms and controversy: Aspects of the geomorphology of the Columbia River Gorge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T19:26:21.363984","indexId":"70156571","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Cataclysms and controversy: Aspects of the geomorphology of the Columbia River Gorge","docAbstract":"<p><span>Landslides and floods of lava and water tremendously affected the Columbia River during its long history of transecting the Cascade Volcanic Arc. This field trip touches on aspects of the resulting geology of the scenic Columbia River Gorge, including the river-blocking Bonneville landslide of ~550 years ago and the great late- Pleistocene Missoula floods. Not only did these events create great landscapes, but they inspired great geologists. Mid-nineteenth century observations of the Columbia River and Pacific Northwest by James Dwight Dana and John Strong Newberry helped germinate the &ldquo;school of fluvial&rdquo; erosion later expanded upon by the southwestern United States topographic and geologic surveys. Later work on features related to the Missoula floods framed the career of J Harlen Bretz in one of the great geologic controversies of the twentieth century.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Volcanoes to vineyards: Geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, Colo.","usgsCitation":"O’Connor, J., and Burns, S., 2009, Cataclysms and controversy: Aspects of the geomorphology of the Columbia River Gorge, chap. <i>of</i> Volcanoes to vineyards: Geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest, p. 237-251.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"251","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-014429","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307324,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fieldguides.gsapubs.org/content/15"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River gorge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.10256267244463,\n              45.63114739459442\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09162642533121,\n              45.55921533517417\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.81165849922672,\n              45.66937156321765\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.73510476943238,\n              45.661728816389\n            ],\n            [\n              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Rebecca","contributorId":140302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorsey","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569541,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"O’Connor, Jim oconnor@usgs.gov","contributorId":2350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"Jim","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, Scott","contributorId":37847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034858,"text":"70034858 - 2009 - Shoreline features of Titan's Ontario Lacus from Cassini/VIMS observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034858","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shoreline features of Titan's Ontario Lacus from Cassini/VIMS observations","docAbstract":"We analyze observations of Titan's south polar lake Ontario Lacus obtained by Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer during the 38th flyby of Titan (T38; 2007 December 5). These near-closest-approach observations have the highest signal-to-noise, the finest spatial resolution, and the least atmospheric influence of any near-infrared lake observation to date. We use the large, spatially flat, and low-albedo interior of Ontario Lacus as a calibration target allowing us to derive an analytical atmospheric correction for emission angle. The dark lake interior is surrounded by two separate annuli that follow the lake interior's contours. The inner annulus is uniformly dark, but not so much as the interior lake, and is generally 5-10 kilometers wide at the lake's southeastern margin. We propose that it represents wet lakebed sediments exposed by either tidal sloshing of the lake or seasonal methane loss leading to lower lake-volume. The exterior annulus is bright and shows a spectrum consistent with a relatively low water-ice content relative to the rest of Titan. It may represent fine-grained condensate deposits from a past era of higher lake level. Together, the annuli seem to indicate that the lake level for Ontario Lacus has changed over time. This hypothesis can be tested with observations scheduled for future Titan flybys. ?? 2008 Elsevier Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2008.12.028","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Barnes, J.W., Brown, R.H., Soderblom, J., Soderblom, L., Jaumann, R., Jackson, B., Le Mouelic, S., Sotin, C., Buratti, B.J., Pitman, K., Baines, K.H., Clark, R.N., Nicholson, P.D., Turtle, E.P., and Perry, J., 2009, Shoreline features of Titan's Ontario Lacus from Cassini/VIMS observations: Icarus, v. 201, no. 1, p. 217-225, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2008.12.028.","startPage":"217","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215762,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2008.12.028"},{"id":243585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"201","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e94e4b08c986b318a09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, J. W.","contributorId":14554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soderblom, J.M.","contributorId":31097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jackson, B.","contributorId":9081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Le Mouélic, Stéphane","contributorId":92786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Le Mouélic","given":"Stéphane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pitman, K.M.","contributorId":90563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Turtle, E. P.","contributorId":44281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turtle","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Perry, J.","contributorId":41173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70159029,"text":"70159029 - 2009 - Historic geomorphology of the San Pedro River: archival and physical evidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-13T17:35:31","indexId":"70159029","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Historic geomorphology of the San Pedro River: archival and physical evidence","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and Conservation of Desert Riparian Ecosystems: The San Pedro River Example","language":"English","publisher":"University of Arizona Press","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","usgsCitation":"Hereford, R., and Betancourt, J.L., 2009, Historic geomorphology of the San Pedro River: archival and physical evidence, chap. <i>of</i> Ecology and Conservation of Desert Riparian Ecosystems: The San Pedro River Example, p. 232-250.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"232","endPage":"250","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":147,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Water Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309860,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"San Pedro River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.93856811523438,\n              33.09384260312052\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.72708129882811,\n              32.986779893387755\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.64468383789062,\n              32.850749781706554\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.57052612304688,\n              32.685619853722\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.43045043945311,\n              32.47732919639942\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.302734375,\n              32.26042673093089\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.25192260742186,\n              32.040676557717454\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.24917602539062,\n              31.983617898488095\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.32333374023438,\n              31.975463762188678\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.35354614257811,\n              32.139571544817535\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.44281005859375,\n              32.31383067137085\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.50735473632812,\n              32.39851580247402\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.5828857421875,\n              32.61045961342327\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.63369750976561,\n              32.66365647172217\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.74630737304688,\n              32.84036602561058\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.79437255859375,\n              32.97410795968921\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.94680786132812,\n              33.065075094158736\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.93170166015625,\n              33.091541548655215\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.93856811523438,\n              33.09384260312052\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"561e2b35e4b0cdb063e59cd1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Stromberg, J.","contributorId":28921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stromberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577314,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tellman, B.","contributorId":112649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tellman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577315,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Hereford, R.","contributorId":84437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hereford","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047274,"text":"70047274 - 2009 - Warmwater fish in rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T14:24:29.79209","indexId":"70047274","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"Warmwater fish in rivers","docAbstract":"<p>Large warmwater rivers are complex ecosystems and often contain numerous species and habitats. We loosely define a large river as having a drainage area greater than 50,000 km2 and a stream order great than six. Further, these rivers typically have mean discharges greater than 1,500 m3/s. Channel patterns are highly variable among and within large rivers, generally forming a meandering pattern. Currently, many large rivers are confined by bank stabilization and are characterized by a straight channel because of anthropogenic alterations. Further, most large rivers in North America have altered hydrographs because of main-stem dams or dams within the drainage area. Large rivers that have been modified to reduce meandering and flooding present challenges for deployment and operation of fish sampling gear.</p><p>Water temperature in large rivers is highly variable across North America and varies longitudinally within a river. For example, the Missouri River originates in the Rocky Mountains and terminates at the confluence with the Mississippi River near St. Louis, Missouri. Thus, mean water temperature in the headwaters is considerably different than the confluence. As a result, we defined warmwater by the dominant fish assemblage found in the river. Most fish species can be categorized into broad categories, such as coldwater, coolwater, or warmwater, based on water temperature in the natural environments where they occur. We define warmwater rivers as rivers that were naturally void of coldwater fishes such as trouts, salmons, and ciscoes. This is appropriate because it disregards zoogeographic boundaries that may limit the inclusion of rivers in the warmwater category. For example, the Colorado River is in a different zoogeographic subdivision than the Ohio River (Moyle and Cech 2000), but both rivers contain warmwater fish assemblages.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.47886/9781934874103.ch5","usgsCitation":"Guy, C.S., Braaten, P., Herzog, M., Pitlo, J., and Rogers, R., 2009, Warmwater fish in rivers, chap. 5 <i>of</i> Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes, p. 59-84, https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874103.ch5.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275511,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f78eeee4b02e26443a93e3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509411,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, Wayne A.","contributorId":9325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509412,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willis, David W.","contributorId":55313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509413,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Guy, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9936-4781 cguy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-4781","contributorId":2876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"Christopher","email":"cguy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":5062,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Braaten, P. J. pbraaten@usgs.gov","contributorId":2724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braaten","given":"P. J.","email":"pbraaten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herzog, Mark P. mherzog@usgs.gov","contributorId":3965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"Mark P.","email":"mherzog@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pitlo, John","contributorId":50430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitlo","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rogers, R. Scott","contributorId":14944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"R. 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,{"id":70036576,"text":"70036576 - 2009 - Detection and attribution of streamflow timing changes to climate change in the Western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036576","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection and attribution of streamflow timing changes to climate change in the Western United States","docAbstract":"This article applies formal detection and attribution techniques to investigate the nature of observed shifts in the timing of streamflow in the western United States. Previous studies have shown that the snow hydrology of the western United States has changed in the second half of the twentieth century. Such changes manifest themselves in the form of more rain and less snow, in reductions in the snow water contents, and in earlier snowmelt and associated advances in streamflow \"center\" timing (the day in the \"water-year\" on average when half the water-year flow at a point has passed). However, with one exception over a more limited domain, no other study has attempted to formally attribute these changes to anthropogenic increases of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Using the observations together with a set of global climate model simulations and a hydrologic model (applied to three major hydrological regions of the western United States_the California region, the upper Colorado River basin, and the Columbia River basin), it is found that the observed trends toward earlier \"center\" timing of snowmelt-driven streamflows in the western United States since 1950 are detectably different from natural variability (significant at the p < 0.05 level). Furthermore, the nonnatural parts of these changes can be attributed confidently to climate changes induced by anthropogenic greenhouse gases, aerosols, ozone, and land use. The signal from the Columbia dominates the analysis, and it is the only basin that showed a detectable signal when the analysis was performed on individual basins. It should be noted that although climate change is an important signal, other climatic processes have also contributed to the hydrologic variability of large basins in the western United States. ?? 2009 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/2009JCLI2470.1","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Hidalgo, H., Das, T., Dettinger, M.D., Cayan, D., Pierce, D., Barnett, T., Bala, G., Mirin, A., Wood, A., Bonfils, C., Santer, B., and Nozawa, T., 2009, Detection and attribution of streamflow timing changes to climate change in the Western United States: Journal of Climate, v. 22, no. 13, p. 3838-3855, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI2470.1.","startPage":"3838","endPage":"3855","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476205,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2470.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217524,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI2470.1"},{"id":245477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff65e4b0c8380cd4f179","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hidalgo, H.G.","contributorId":81229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hidalgo","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Das, T.","contributorId":99383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":456821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":456814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pierce, D.W.","contributorId":23342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barnett, T.P.","contributorId":54763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bala, G.","contributorId":86983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bala","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mirin, A.","contributorId":104294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirin","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wood, A.W.","contributorId":43542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bonfils, Celine","contributorId":51542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonfils","given":"Celine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Santer, B.D.","contributorId":95702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santer","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Nozawa, T.","contributorId":83345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nozawa","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70034803,"text":"70034803 - 2009 - Assessing reservoir operations risk under climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034803","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing reservoir operations risk under climate change","docAbstract":"Risk-based planning offers a robust way to identify strategies that permit adaptive water resources management under climate change. This paper presents a flexible methodology for conducting climate change risk assessments involving reservoir operations. Decision makers can apply this methodology to their systems by selecting future periods and risk metrics relevant to their planning questions and by collectively evaluating system impacts relative to an ensemble of climate projection scenarios (weighted or not). This paper shows multiple applications of this methodology in a case study involving California's Central Valley Project and State Water Project systems. Multiple applications were conducted to show how choices made in conducting the risk assessment, choices known as analytical design decisions, can affect assessed risk. Specifically, risk was reanalyzed for every choice combination of two design decisions: (1) whether to assume climate change will influence flood-control constraints on water supply operations (and how), and (2) whether to weight climate change scenarios (and how). Results show that assessed risk would motivate different planning pathways depending on decision-maker attitudes toward risk (e.g., risk neutral versus risk averse). Results also show that assessed risk at a given risk attitude is sensitive to the analytical design choices listed above, with the choice of whether to adjust flood-control rules under climate change having considerably more influence than the choice on whether to weight climate scenarios. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008WR006941","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Brekke, L., Maurer, E., Anderson, J., Dettinger, M.D., Townsley, E., Harrison, A., and Pruitt, T., 2009, Assessing reservoir operations risk under climate change: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR006941.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476348,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr006941","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215844,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008WR006941"},{"id":243674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eddfe4b0c8380cd49a81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brekke, L.D.","contributorId":66395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brekke","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maurer, E.P.","contributorId":30338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, J.D.","contributorId":80510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":447718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Townsley, E.S.","contributorId":8693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsley","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harrison, A.","contributorId":18998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pruitt, T.","contributorId":60876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruitt","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70047275,"text":"70047275 - 2009 - Coldwater fish in small standing waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-30T12:52:49.178743","indexId":"70047275","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"6","title":"Coldwater fish in small standing waters","docAbstract":"<p>This chapter describes standard techniques for sampling coldwater fishes in small standing waters. Within the context of this book, coldwater fish species are those that prefer water temperatures less than 15°C, and small standing waters are lakes and reservoirs where surface area is less than 200 ha. Chapter 7 of this book describes sampling coldwater fishes in large standing waters (i.e., surface area &gt; 200 ha). The criterion that separates small and large waters is arbitrary and does not imply that different methods are required depending on, for example, whether a lake is 199 or 201 ha. Two chapters are dedicated to sampling coldwater fishes in standing waters because lake size varies by several orders of magnitude and some differences in sampling methods are needed to achieve efficient sampling at both ends of the lake-size continuum. Although it is clear that some differences in methods are necessary to accommodate extremes in lake sizes, it is not clear when the transition from methods for small lakes to methods for large lakes should apply. To bridge this gap, we describe methods of sampling coldwater fish in small lakes and reservoirs that are compatible with a subset of the methods proposed for coldwater fish in large lakes and reservoirs (see Chapter 7).</p><p>The method proposed for sampling coldwater fish in small standing waters is depth-stratified summer gill netting. We acknowledge that coldwater species often inhabit the same lakes and reservoirs as warmwater fish. Thermal stratification during summer influences the depth distribution of coldwater and warmwater species, and a depth-stratified survey can sample both temperature guilds. For this reason, gill-netting methods for sampling coldwater fishes have been chosen so that they are compatible with gill-netting methods proposed for sampling warmwater fishes (i.e., Chapters 2 and 3).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.47886/9781934874103.ch6","usgsCitation":"Lester, N.P., Bailey, P.E., and Hubert, W.A., 2009, Coldwater fish in small standing waters, chap. 6 <i>of</i> Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes, p. 85-96, https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874103.ch6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"96","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":683,"text":"Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275513,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f78ee4e4b02e26443a9358","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509414,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, Wayne A.","contributorId":9325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509415,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willis, David W.","contributorId":55313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509416,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Lester, Nigel P.","contributorId":101544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lester","given":"Nigel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, Paul E.","contributorId":90088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hubert, Wayne A.","contributorId":9325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033093,"text":"70033093 - 2009 - Sulfur- and oxygen-isotopes in sediment-hosted stratiform barite deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70033093","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfur- and oxygen-isotopes in sediment-hosted stratiform barite deposits","docAbstract":"Sulfur- and oxygen-isotope analyses have been obtained for sediment-hosted stratiform barite deposits in Alaska, Nevada, Mexico, and China to examine the environment of formation of this deposit type. The barite is contained in sedimentary sequences as old as Late Neoproterozoic and as young as Mississippian. If previously published data for other localities are considered, sulfur- and oxygen-isotope data are now available for deposits spanning a host-rock age range of Late Neoproterozoic to Triassic. On a ??34S versus ??18O diagram, many deposits show linear or concave-upward trends that project down toward the isotopic composition of seawater sulfate. The trends suggest that barite formed from seawater sulfate that had been isotopically modified to varying degrees. The ??34S versus ??18O patterns resemble patterns that have been observed in the modern oceans in pore water sulfate and water column sulfate in some anoxic basins. However, the closest isotopic analog is barite mineralization that occurs at fluid seeps on modern continental margins. Thus the data favor genetic models for the deposits in which barium was delivered by seafloor seeps over models in which barium was delivered by sedimentation of pelagic organisms. The isotopic variations within the deposits appear to reflect bacterial sulfate reduction operating at different rates and possibly with different electron donors, oxygen isotope exchange between reduction intermediates and H2O, and sulfate availability. Because they are isotopically heterogeneous, sediment-hosted stratiform barite deposits are of limited value in reconstructing the isotopic composition of ancient seawater sulfate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2008.10.011","issn":"00167","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.A., Emsbo, P., Poole, F.G., and Rye, R.O., 2009, Sulfur- and oxygen-isotopes in sediment-hosted stratiform barite deposits: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 73, no. 1, p. 133-147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.10.011.","startPage":"133","endPage":"147","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213303,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.10.011"},{"id":240915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9de7e4b08c986b31db78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, C. A. 0000-0002-1334-2996","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":27492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emsbo, P.","contributorId":59901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emsbo","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poole, F. G. 0000-0001-8487-0799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8487-0799","contributorId":104883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poole","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035006,"text":"70035006 - 2009 - Exploration of Victoria crater by the mars rover opportunity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70035006","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploration of Victoria crater by the mars rover opportunity","docAbstract":"The Mars rover Opportunity has explored Victoria crater, a ???750-meter eroded impact crater formed in sulfate-rich sedimentary rocks. Impact-related stratigraphy is preserved in the crater walls, and meteoritic debris is present near the crater rim. The size of hematite-rich concretions decreases up-section, documenting variation in the intensity of groundwater processes. Layering in the crater walls preserves evidence of ancient wind-blown dunes. Compositional variations with depth mimic those ???6 kilometers to the north and demonstrate that water-induced alteration at Meridiani Planum was regional in scope.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.1170355","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Squyres, S.W., Knoll, A., Arvidson, R., Ashley, J.W., Bell, J., Calvin, W.M., Christensen, P.R., Clark, B.C., Cohen, B.A., De Souza, P., Edgar, L., Farrand, W.H., Fleischer, I., Gellert, R., Golombek, M., Grant, J., Grotzinger, J., Hayes, A., Herkenhoff, K.E., Johnson, J.R., Jolliff, B., Klingelhofer, G., Knudson, A., Li, R., McCoy, T., McLennan, S.M., Ming, D.W., Mittlefehldt, D.W., Morris, R., Rice, J.W., Schroder, C., Sullivan, R., Yen, A., and Yingst, R., 2009, Exploration of Victoria crater by the mars rover opportunity: Science, v. 324, no. 5930, p. 1058-1061, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1170355.","startPage":"1058","endPage":"1061","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476444,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:3934552","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215233,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1170355"},{"id":243022,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"324","issue":"5930","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e17e4b0c8380cd532c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knoll, A.H.","contributorId":84885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knoll","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arvidson, R. E.","contributorId":46666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ashley, James W.","contributorId":102523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ashley","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bell, J.F. III","contributorId":97612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Calvin, W. M.","contributorId":17379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calvin","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Christensen, P. R.","contributorId":7819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Clark, B. C.","contributorId":39918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"B.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cohen, B. A.","contributorId":34239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"De Souza, P.A. Jr.","contributorId":74927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Souza","given":"P.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Edgar, L.","contributorId":39618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edgar","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Farrand, W. H.","contributorId":64372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrand","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Fleischer, I.","contributorId":70096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Gellert, Ralf","contributorId":35049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gellert","given":"Ralf","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12660,"text":"University of Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":448828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Golombek, M.P.","contributorId":52696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golombek","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Grant, J.","contributorId":53929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Grotzinger, J.","contributorId":73384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grotzinger","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Hayes, A.","contributorId":26415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Herkenhoff, K. 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R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Jolliff, B.","contributorId":105077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolliff","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Klingelhofer, G.","contributorId":57195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klingelhofer","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Knudson, A.","contributorId":86082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudson","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Li, R.","contributorId":68441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"McCoy, T.J.","contributorId":84883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"McLennan, S. M.","contributorId":96733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLennan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Ming, D. W.","contributorId":96811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ming","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Mittlefehldt, D. W.","contributorId":54711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mittlefehldt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Morris, R.V.","contributorId":6978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Rice, J. W. Jr.","contributorId":53040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Schroder, C.","contributorId":67201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Sullivan, R.J.","contributorId":21302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Yen, A.","contributorId":76054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yen","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Yingst, R.A.","contributorId":101370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yingst","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24732,"text":"Planetary Science Institute, Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":448852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34}]}}
,{"id":70157359,"text":"70157359 - 2009 - Re-greening the Sahel: Farmer-led innovation in Burkina Faso and Niger","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-03T14:40:31.348958","indexId":"70157359","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Re-greening the Sahel: Farmer-led innovation in Burkina Faso and Niger","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Sahel&mdash;the belt of land that stretches across Africa on the southern edge of the Sahara&mdash;has always been a tough place to farm. Rainfall is low and droughts are frequent. The crust of hard soil is, at times, almost impermeable, and harsh winds threaten to sweep away everything in their path. Over the past three decades, however, hundreds of thousands of farmers in Burkina Faso and Niger have transformed large swaths of the region&rsquo;s arid landscape into productive agricultural land, improving food security for about 3 million people. Once-denuded landscapes are now home to abundant trees, crops, and livestock. Although rainfall has improved slightly from the mid-1990s relative to earlier decades, indications are that farmer management is a stronger determinant of land and agroforestry regeneration. Sahelian farmers achieved their success by ingeniously modifying traditional agroforestry, water, and soil-management practices. To improve water availability and soil fertility in Burkina Faso&rsquo;s Central Plateau, farmers have sown crops in planting pits and built stone contour bunds, which are stones piled up in long narrow rows that follow the contours of the land in order to capture rainwater runoff and soil. These practices have helped rehabilitate between 200,000 and 300,000 hectares of land and produce an additional 80,000 tons of food per year. In southern Niger, farmers have developed innovative ways of regenerating and multiplying valuable trees whose roots already lay underneath their land, thus improving about 5 million hectares of land and producing more than 500,000 additional tons of food per year. While the specific calculations of farm-level benefits are subject to various methodological and data limitations, the order of magnitude of these benefits is high, as evidenced by the wide-scale adoption of the improved practices by large numbers of farmers. Today, the agricultural landscapes of southern Niger have considerably more tree cover than they did 30 years ago. These findings suggest a human and environmental success story at a scale not seen anywhere else in Africa. The re-greening of the Sahel began when local farmers&rsquo; practices were rediscovered and enhanced in simple, low-cost ways by innovative farmers and nongovernmental organizations. An evolving coalition of local, national, and international actors then enabled large-scale diffusion and continued use of these improved practices where they benefited farmers.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Millions fed: Proven successes in agricultural development","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Food Policy Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Reij, C., Smale, M., and Tappan, G., 2009, Re-greening the Sahel: Farmer-led innovation in Burkina Faso and Niger, chap. <i>of</i> Millions fed: Proven successes in agricultural development, p. 53-58.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"58","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-017230","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) 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Gray 0000-0002-2240-6963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2240-6963","contributorId":147662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappan","given":"G. Gray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70156828,"text":"70156828 - 2009 - Many monstrous Missoula floods down channeled scabland and Columbia Valley, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-07T17:57:13.572934","indexId":"70156828","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Many monstrous Missoula floods down channeled scabland and Columbia Valley, Washington","docAbstract":"<p><span>The late Wisconsin Missoula floods are Earth's largest known discharges of fresh water. They carved Washington's Channeled Scabland--made famous by J H. Bretz's writings in the 1920s to 1950s--and deposited sporadic huge gravel bars in the Scab-lands and Columbia valley. Since the late 1970s the great floods have been shown to number several score and to have been released as gigantic j&ouml;kulhlaups. This five-day fieldtrip zig-zags broadly along and across the Scablands and down Columbia valley, viewing much geomorphic and stratigraphic evidence of the Missoula floods, at the end washing into Portland and Geological Society of America's 2009 Annual Meeting.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Volcanoes to vineyards: geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, Colo.","doi":"10.1130/2009.fld015(33)","usgsCitation":"Waitt, R.B., Denlinger, R.P., and O’Connor, J., 2009, Many monstrous Missoula floods down channeled scabland and Columbia Valley, Washington, chap. <i>of</i> Volcanoes to vineyards: geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest, p. 775-844, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.fld015(33).","productDescription":"70 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"844","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-015132","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307702,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Washington's Channeled Scabland","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.43210744951398,\n              44.722567796482366\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4074553534511,\n              44.44286101943578\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.54282199129844,\n              44.40597709436429\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.1361180063044,\n             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,{"id":70047278,"text":"70047278 - 2009 - Warmwater fish in wadeable streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T14:37:59.935675","indexId":"70047278","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"4","title":"Warmwater fish in wadeable streams","docAbstract":"<p>Both “warmwater” and “wadeable” are terms of convenience without precise definition and are used by biologists to describe streams that are generally too warm to have sustainable salmonid populations and can be safely traversed by walking (i.e., a section of stream should have the majority of its length less than 1 m deep, and it should be possible to cross in chest waders in nearly all areas). Warmwater streams in North America are estimated to provide more than a half-million kilometers of fishable waters and many times that amount of waters containing fish (Rabeni and Jacobson 1999). Warmwater streams have experienced a surge of attention in the past three decades because of increased sportfishing opportunities due to point-source pollution abatement and because of the popularity of using fish assemblages as indicators of biological integrity for regulatory and management purposes. At least 38 states have fish bioassessment programs in place (USEPA 2002).</p><p>Sampling fish in warmwater streams is usually done for one of two reasons: (1) to evaluate a targeted species (e.g., sport fish or endangered species), or (2) to evaluate the entire fish assemblage. Thirty-two species of sport fishes, as defined by state and provincial agencies, occur in warmwater streams. The most popular are largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, spotted bass, striped bass, muskellunge, northern pike, walleye, several catfishes, and common carp. Important species regionally are rock bass, pumpkinseed, bluegill, white crappie, black crappie, other sunfishes, white perch, yellow perch, chain pickerel, buffalo, other suckers, and freshwater drum.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.47886/9781934874103.ch4","usgsCitation":"Rabeni, C.F., Lyons, J.J., Mercado-Silva, N., and Peterson, J., 2009, Warmwater fish in wadeable streams, chap. 4 <i>of</i> Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes, p. 43-58, https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874103.ch4.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":517,"text":"Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275515,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f78eeee4b02e26443a93eb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509420,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, Wayne A.","contributorId":9325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509421,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willis, David W.","contributorId":55313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509422,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Rabeni, Charles F.","contributorId":34804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyons, John J. 0000-0001-5409-1698 jlyons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5409-1698","contributorId":5394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"John","email":"jlyons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mercado-Silva, Norman","contributorId":18219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercado-Silva","given":"Norman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590 james_peterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":2111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"james_peterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035734,"text":"70035734 - 2009 - Optimized DNA extraction methods for encysted embryos of the endangered fairy shrimp, Branchinecta sandiegonensis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035734","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimized DNA extraction methods for encysted embryos of the endangered fairy shrimp, Branchinecta sandiegonensis","docAbstract":"The San Diego fairy shrimp Branchinecta sandiegonensis is a federally endangered species endemic to vernal pools in southern California, USA. Filling events in these habitats are highly variable, with some pools failing to hold water long enough for reproduction over many successive years. Studies of this species are thus hindered by the relatively rare appearance of aquatically active life history phases. Because diapausing cysts are abundant and present at all times, they provide an underutilized opportunity for both species identification and genetic studies. However, methods for extracting DNA from cysts are technically challenging because of their structure and size. Here we present a protocol for extracting DNA from B. sandiegonensis cysts in sufficient quantities for \"DNA Barcoding\", microsatellite analysis and other genotyping and sequencing applications. The technique will aid in population genetic studies and species identification (since taxonomic keys only distinguish among adults), and will be applicable to other crustaceans with similar diapausing cysts. ?? Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Genetics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10592-008-9733-8","issn":"15660621","usgsCitation":"Steele, A., Simovich, M., Pepino, D., Schroeder, K., Vandergast, A.G., and Bohonak, A., 2009, Optimized DNA extraction methods for encysted embryos of the endangered fairy shrimp, Branchinecta sandiegonensis: Conservation Genetics, v. 10, no. 6, p. 1777-1781, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-008-9733-8.","startPage":"1777","endPage":"1781","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216314,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-008-9733-8"}],"volume":"10","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6efde4b0c8380cd758d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steele, A.N.","contributorId":47606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simovich, M.A.","contributorId":14348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simovich","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pepino, D.","contributorId":40446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pepino","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schroeder, K.M.","contributorId":93725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vandergast, Amy G. 0000-0002-7835-6571","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-6571","contributorId":57201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergast","given":"Amy","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bohonak, A.J.","contributorId":20554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohonak","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70178325,"text":"70178325 - 2009 - Improving conceptual models of water and carbon transfer through peat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-15T14:31:32","indexId":"70178325","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Improving conceptual models of water and carbon transfer through peat","docAbstract":"<p>Northern peatlands store 500 × 10<sup>15</sup> g of organic carbon and are very sensitive to climate change. There is a strong conceptual model of sources, sinks, and pathways of carbon within peatlands, but challenges remain both in understanding the hydrogeology and the linkages between carbon cycling and peat pore water flow. In this chapter, research findings from the glacial Lake Agassiz peatlands are used to develop a conceptual framework for peatland hydrogeology and identify four challenges related to northern peatlands yet to be addressed: (1) develop a better understanding of the extent and net impact of climate-driven groundwater flushing in peatlands; (2) quantify the complexities of heterogeneity on pore water flow and, in particular, reconcile contradictions between peatland hydrogeologic interpretations and isotopic data; (3) understand the hydrogeologic implications of free-phase methane production, entrapment, and release in peatlands; and (4) quantify the impact of arctic and subarctic warming on peatland hydrogeology and its linkage to carbon cycling.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Carbon cycling in northern peatlands: Geophysical Monograph Series","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","usgsCitation":"McKenzie, J.M., Siegel, D., and Rosenberry, D.O., 2009, Improving conceptual models of water and carbon transfer through peat, chap. <i>of</i> Carbon cycling in northern peatlands: Geophysical Monograph Series, p. 265-275.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"275","ipdsId":"IP-011017","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331028,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":331027,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2008GM000821/summary"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582c2ce7e4b0c253be072c10","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Baird, Andrew J.","contributorId":176877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baird","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653872,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belyea, Lisa R.","contributorId":176878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belyea","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653873,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Comas, Xavier","contributorId":176879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Comas","given":"Xavier","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653874,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reeve, A.S.","contributorId":64446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeve","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653875,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Slater, Lee D.","contributorId":95792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653876,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"McKenzie, Jeffery M.","contributorId":85068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Siegel, Donald I.","contributorId":97499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel","given":"Donald I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036021,"text":"70036021 - 2009 - The Adopt-a-Herring program as a fisheries conservation tool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-29T20:42:24.522309","indexId":"70036021","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Adopt-a-Herring program as a fisheries conservation tool","docAbstract":"<p>Successful conservation depends on a scientifically literate public. We developed the adopt-a-Herring program to educate nonscientists about fisheries and watershed restoration. this interactive educational and outreach project encouraged coastal residents to be involved in local watershed restoration. In the northeastern United States, river herring (Alosa spp.) are an important component of many coastal watersheds and often are the object of conservation efforts. In order to understand river herring spawning behavior and to improve the effectiveness of restoration efforts, our research tracked these fish via radiotelemetry in the Ipswich River, Massachusetts. In our adopt-a-Herring Program, participating stakeholder organizations adopted and named individual tagged river herring and followed their movements online. We also made information available to our adopters on our larger research goals, the mission and activities of other research and management agencies, examples of human actions that adversely affect watersheds, and opportunities for proactive conservation. Research results were communicated to adopters through our project web page and end-of-the-season summary presentations. Both tools cultivated a personal interest in river herring, stimulated discussion about fisheries and watershed restoration, educated participants about the goals and methods of scientists in general, and initiated critical thinking about human activities that advance or impede sustainability.</p>","language":"English, Spanish","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446-34.10.496","issn":"03632415","usgsCitation":"Frank, H.J., Mather, M.E., Muth, R.M., Pautzke, S.M., Smith, J.M., and Finn, J.T., 2009, The Adopt-a-Herring program as a fisheries conservation tool: Fisheries, v. 34, no. 10, p. 496-507, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446-34.10.496.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"496","endPage":"507","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502552,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.umass.edu/mie_faculty_pubs/315","text":"External Repository"},{"id":246558,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Ipswich River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.83847045898438,\n              42.673664426103315\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.78250885009766,\n              42.69095278346417\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.79143524169922,\n              42.69946900068995\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.82121849060059,\n              42.6910158708481\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.83958625793456,\n              42.679659109427156\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.83864212036133,\n              42.673348900435464\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.83847045898438,\n              42.673664426103315\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba65ce4b08c986b3210a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frank, Holly J.","contributorId":86605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mather, Martha E. 0000-0003-3027-0215 mather@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3027-0215","contributorId":2580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mather","given":"Martha","email":"mather@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muth, Robert M.","contributorId":41682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muth","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pautzke, Sarah M.","contributorId":12301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pautzke","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Joseph M.","contributorId":106712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":17855,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":453654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Finn, John T.","contributorId":78302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032273,"text":"70032273 - 2009 - The Drenchwater deposit, Alaska: An example of a natural low pH environment resulting from weathering of an undisturbed shale-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70032273","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Drenchwater deposit, Alaska: An example of a natural low pH environment resulting from weathering of an undisturbed shale-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposit","docAbstract":"The Drenchwater shale-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposit and the immediate vicinity, on the northern flank of the Brooks Range in north-central Alaska, is an ideal example of a naturally low pH system. The two drainages, Drenchwater and False Wager Creeks, which bound the deposit, differ in their acidity and metal contents. Moderately acidic waters with elevated concentrations of metals (pH ??? 4.3, Zn ??? 1400 ??g/L) in the Drenchwater Creek drainage basin are attributed to weathering of an exposed base-metal-rich massive sulfide occurrence. Stream sediment and water chemistry data collected from False Wager Creek suggest that an unexposed base-metal sulfide occurrence may account for the lower pH (2.7-3.1) and very metal-rich waters (up to 2600 ??g/L Zn, ??? 260 ??g/L Cu and ???89 ??g/L Tl) collected at least 2 km upstream of known mineralized exposures. These more acidic conditions produce jarosite, schwertmannite and Fe-hydroxides commonly associated with acid-mine drainage. The high metal concentrations in some water samples from both streams naturally exceed Alaska state regulatory limits for freshwater aquatic life, affirming the importance of establishing base-line conditions in the event of human land development. The studies at the Drenchwater deposit demonstrate that poor water quality can be generated through entirely natural weathering of base-metal occurrences, and, possibly unmineralized black shale.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.016","issn":"08832","usgsCitation":"Graham, G., and Kelley, K., 2009, The Drenchwater deposit, Alaska: An example of a natural low pH environment resulting from weathering of an undisturbed shale-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposit: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 2, p. 232-245, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.016.","startPage":"232","endPage":"245","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215039,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.016"},{"id":242808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba70ae4b08c986b32132f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, G.E.","contributorId":6680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, K.D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":75157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032278,"text":"70032278 - 2009 - Distinguishing iron-reducing from sulfate-reducing conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:23:44","indexId":"70032278","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distinguishing iron-reducing from sulfate-reducing conditions","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ground water systems dominated by iron‐ or sulfate‐reducing conditions may be distinguished by observing concentrations of dissolved iron (Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span>) and sulfide (sum of H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S, HS</span><sup>−</sup><span>, and S</span><sup>=</sup><span>&nbsp;species and denoted here as “H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S”). This approach is based on the observation that concentrations of Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;and H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S in ground water systems tend to be inversely related according to a hyperbolic function. That is, when Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;concentrations are high, H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S concentrations tend to be low and vice versa. This relation partly reflects the rapid reaction kinetics of Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;with H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S to produce relatively insoluble ferrous sulfides (FeS). This relation also reflects competition for organic substrates between the iron‐ and the sulfate‐reducing microorganisms that catalyze the production of Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;and H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S. These solubility and microbial constraints operate in tandem, resulting in the observed hyperbolic relation between Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;and H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S concentrations. Concentrations of redox indicators, including dissolved hydrogen (H</span><sub>2</sub><span>) measured in a shallow aquifer in Hanahan, South Carolina, suggest that if the Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span>/H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S mass ratio (units of mg/L) exceeded 10, the screened interval being tapped was consistently iron reducing (H</span><sub>2</sub><span>∼0.2 to 0.8 nM). Conversely, if the Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span>/H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S ratio was less than 0.30, consistent sulfate‐reducing (H</span><sub>2</sub><span>∼1 to 5 nM) conditions were observed over time. Concomitantly high Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;and H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S concentrations were associated with H</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations that varied between 0.2 and 5.0 nM over time, suggesting mixing of water from adjacent iron‐ and sulfate‐reducing zones or concomitant iron and sulfate reduction under nonelectron donor–limited conditions. These observations suggest that Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span>/H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S mass ratios may provide useful information concerning the occurrence and distribution of iron and sulfate reduction in ground water systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NGWA","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00536.x","issn":"00174","usgsCitation":"Chapelle, F.H., Bradley, P., Thomas, M., and McMahon, P., 2009, Distinguishing iron-reducing from sulfate-reducing conditions: Ground Water, v. 47, no. 2, p. 300-305, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00536.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"300","endPage":"305","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214632,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00536.x"}],"volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0250e4b0c8380cd4ffce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, M.A.","contributorId":66877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032304,"text":"70032304 - 2009 - Biogeochemical mercury methylation influenced by reservoir eutrophication, Salmon Falls Creek Reservoir, Idaho, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70032304","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemical mercury methylation influenced by reservoir eutrophication, Salmon Falls Creek Reservoir, Idaho, USA","docAbstract":"Salmon Falls Creek Reservoir (SFCR) in southern Idaho has been under a mercury (Hg) advisory since 2001 as fish in this reservoir contain elevated concentrations of Hg. Concentrations of total Hg (HgT) and methyl-Hg (MeHg) were measured in reservoir water, bottom sediment, and porewater to examine processes of Hg methylation at the sediment/water interface in this reservoir. Rates of Hg methylation and MeHg demethylation were also measured in reservoir bottom sediment using isotopic tracer techniques to further evaluate methylation of Hg in SFCR. The highest concentrations for HgT and MeHg in sediment were generally found at the sediment/water interface, and HgT and MeHg concentrations declined with depth. Porewater extracted from bottom sediment contained highly elevated concentrations of HgT ranging from 11-230??ng/L and MeHg ranging from 0.68-8.5??ng/L. Mercury methylation was active at all sites studied. Methylation rate experiments carried out on sediment from the sediment/water interface show high rates of Hg methylation ranging from 2.3-17%/day, which is significantly higher than those reported in other Hg contaminant studies. Using porewater MeHg concentrations, we calculated an upward diffusive MeHg flux of 197??g/year for the entire reservoir. This sediment derived MeHg is delivered to the overlying SFCR water column, and eventually transferred to biota, such as fish. This study indicates that methylation of Hg is highly influenced by the hypolimnetic and eutrophic conditions in SFCR.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.09.023","issn":"00092","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.E., and Hines, M., 2009, Biogeochemical mercury methylation influenced by reservoir eutrophication, Salmon Falls Creek Reservoir, Idaho, USA: Chemical Geology, v. 258, no. 3-4, p. 157-167, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.09.023.","startPage":"157","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215074,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.09.023"},{"id":242844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"258","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f153e4b0c8380cd4abbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, J. E.","contributorId":49363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, M.E.","contributorId":97287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032308,"text":"70032308 - 2009 - Short- and long-term response of deteriorating brackish marshes and open-water ponds to sediment enhancement by thin-layer dredge disposal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70032308","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short- and long-term response of deteriorating brackish marshes and open-water ponds to sediment enhancement by thin-layer dredge disposal","docAbstract":"Artificial sediment enhancement using a thin layer of dredged material has been suggested as a means to increase elevation and create soil conditions conducive to increased marsh structure and function in deteriorating marshes. Using a chronosequence approach, we examined the effects of sediment enhancement in deteriorating marsh and open-water pond habitats located in six brackish marshes. Sediment enhancement of both marsh and interior pond sites had significant, immediate, and long-lasting effects on physical soil properties and nutrient status with increased bulk density and inorganic nitrogen. Vegetative cover and productivity response were minimal for deteriorating vegetated marshes with the short-term response data showing no significant impact of sediment enhancement and long-term trends indicating decreasing productivity over time. In contrast, trajectory models of vegetative cover and productivity in interior pond sites showed increases over time indicating that, for restoration of interior ponds, sediment enhancement may prove valuable. The use of trajectory models emphasizes the need for long-term monitoring to determine restoration success of projects. ?? 2008 U.S. Government.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries and Coasts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s12237-008-9126-8","issn":"15592","usgsCitation":"La Peyre, M., Gossman, B., and Piazza, B.P., 2009, Short- and long-term response of deteriorating brackish marshes and open-water ponds to sediment enhancement by thin-layer dredge disposal: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 32, no. 2, p. 390-402, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9126-8.","startPage":"390","endPage":"402","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214634,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9126-8"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ea8e4b08c986b318a7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"La Peyre, M.K. 0000-0001-9936-2252","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":102239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gossman, B.","contributorId":47163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gossman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piazza, Bryan P.","contributorId":11022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piazza","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}