Mapping of vegetation types is of great importance to the San Carlos Apache Tribe and their management of forestry and fire fuels. Various remote sensing techniques were applied to classify multitemporal Landsat 8 satellite data, vegetation index, and digital elevation model data. A multitiered unsupervised classification generated over 900 classes that were then recoded to one of the 16 generalized vegetation/land cover classes using the Southwest Regional Gap Analysis Project (SWReGAP) map as a guide. A supervised classification was also run using field data collected in the SWReGAP project and our field campaign. Field data were gathered and accuracy assessments were generated to compare outputs. Our hypothesis was that a resulting map would update and potentially improve upon the vegetation/land cover class distributions of the older SWReGAP map over the 24,000 km2 study area. The estimated overall accuracies ranged between 43% and 75%, depending on which method and field dataset were used. The findings demonstrate the complexity of vegetation mapping, the importance of recent, high-quality-field data, and the potential for misleading results when insufficient field data are collected.
","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/1.JRS.12.026017","usgsCitation":"Norman, L.M., Middleton, B.R., and Wilson, N.R., 2018, Remote sensing analysis of vegetation at the San Carlos Apache Reservation, Arizona and surrounding area: Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, v. 12, no. 2, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.12.026017.","productDescription":"Article 026017; 19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","ipdsId":"IP-093007","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468713,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jrs.12.026017","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OCZ17X","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Vegetation Survey of the San Carlos Apache Reservation, Arizona and Surrounding Area (September to November 2017)."},{"id":354725,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111,\n 32.5\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 32.5\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 32.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b46e577e4b060350a15d1a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norman, Laura M. 0000-0002-3696-8406 lnorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura","email":"lnorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Middleton, Barry R. 0000-0001-8924-4121 bmiddleton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8924-4121","contributorId":3947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Barry","email":"bmiddleton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Natalie R. 0000-0001-5145-1221 nrwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5145-1221","contributorId":5770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Natalie","email":"nrwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197456,"text":"70197456 - 2018 - Habitat associations of three crayfish endemic to the Ouachita Mountain Ecoregion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-05T10:56:03","indexId":"70197456","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat associations of three crayfish endemic to the Ouachita Mountain Ecoregion","docAbstract":"Many crayfish are of conservation concern because of their use of unique habitats and often narrow ranges. In this study, we determined fine-scale habitat use by 3 crayfishes that are endemic to the Ouachita Mountains, in Oklahoma and Arkansas. We sampled Faxonius menae (Mena Crayfish), F. leptogonopodus (Little River Creek Crayfish), and Fallicambarus tenuis (Ouachita Mountain Crayfish) from wet and dry erosional channel units of 29 reaches within the Little River catchment. We compared channel-unit and microhabitat selection for each species. Crayfish of all species and life stages selected erosional channel units more often than depositional units, even though these sites were often dry. Accordingly, crayfish at all life stages typically selected the shallowest available microhabitats. Adult crayfish of all species and juvenile Little River Creek Crayfish selected patches of coarse substrate, and all crayfish tended to use the lowest amount of bedrock available. In general, we showed that these endemic crayfish used erosional channel units of streams, even when the channel units were dry. Conservation efforts that protect erosional channel units and mitigate actions that cause channel downcutting to bedrock would benefit these crayfish, particularly during harsh, summer drying periods.
","language":"English","publisher":"Eagle Hill Institute","doi":"10.1656/058.017.0207","usgsCitation":"Dyer, J.J., and Brewer, S.K., 2018, Habitat associations of three crayfish endemic to the Ouachita Mountain Ecoregion: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 17, no. 2, p. 257-269, https://doi.org/10.1656/058.017.0207.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"269","ipdsId":"IP-091279","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354721,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Ouachita Mountain Ecoregion","volume":"17","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b46e577e4b060350a15d1a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyer, Joseph J.","contributorId":140681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dyer","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":737267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brewer, Shannon K. 0000-0002-1537-3921 skbrewer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1537-3921","contributorId":2252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Shannon","email":"skbrewer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70197446,"text":"70197446 - 2018 - Estimation of stream conditions in tributaries of the Klamath River, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T11:11:00","indexId":"70197446","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5708,"text":"Arcata Fisheries Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"TR 2018-32","title":"Estimation of stream conditions in tributaries of the Klamath River, northern California","docAbstract":"Because of their critical ecological role, stream temperature and discharge are requisite inputs for models of salmonid population dynamics. Coho Salmon inhabiting the Klamath Basin spend much of their freshwater life cycle inhabiting tributaries, but environmental data are often absent or only seasonally available at these locations. To address this information gap, we constructed daily averaged water temperature models that used simulated meteorological data to estimate daily tributary temperatures, and we used flow differentials recorded on the mainstem Klamath River to estimate daily tributary discharge.\n\nObserved temperature data were available for fourteen of the major salmon bearing tributaries, which enabled estimation of tributary-specific model parameters at those locations. Water temperature data from six mid-Klamath Basin tributaries were used to estimate a global set of parameters for predicting water temperatures in the remaining tributaries. The resulting parameter sets were used to simulate water temperatures for each of 75 tributaries from 1980-2015. Goodness-of-fit statistics computed from a cross-validation analysis demonstrated a high precision of the tributary-specific models in predicting temperature in unobserved years and of the global model in predicting temperatures in unobserved streams.\n\nKlamath River discharge has been monitored by four gages that broadly intersperse the 292 kilometers from the Iron Gate Dam to the Klamath River mouth. These gages defined the upstream and downstream margins of three reaches. Daily discharge of tributaries within a reach was estimated from 1980-2015 based on drainage-area proportionate allocations of the discharge differential between the upstream and downstream margin. Comparisons with measured discharge on Indian Creek, a moderate-sized tributary with naturally regulated flows, revealed that the estimates effectively approximated both the variability and magnitude of discharge.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Arcata Fish and Wildlife Office","usgsCitation":"Manhard, C.V., Som, N.A., Jones, E.C., and Perry, R.W., 2018, Estimation of stream conditions in tributaries of the Klamath River, northern California: Arcata Fisheries Technical Report TR 2018-32, vi, 28 p.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"34","ipdsId":"IP-088667","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354934,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":354703,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/arcata/fisheries/reports/technical/2018/EstimationofStreamConditionsinTributariesoftheKlamathRiverNorthernCalifornia.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.667,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -122.3333,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -122.3333,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -123.667,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -123.667,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b46e577e4b060350a15d1a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manhard, Christopher V.","contributorId":203911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manhard","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":36754,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, California Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst Street, Arcata, CA 95521, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":737185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Som, Nicholas A.","contributorId":203773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Som","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36713,"text":"Statistician, USFWS - Arcata Fisheries Program, Humboldt State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":737186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Edward C. 0000-0001-7255-1475 ejones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7255-1475","contributorId":203917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Edward","email":"ejones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70197402,"text":"70197402 - 2018 - The influence of drought on flow‐ecology relationships in Ozark Highland streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-24T10:02:57","indexId":"70197402","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of drought on flow‐ecology relationships in Ozark Highland streams","docAbstract":"At high latitudes, climatic shifts hypothetically initiate recurrent episodes of divergence by isolating populations in glacial refugia—ice-free regions that enable terrestrial species persistence. Upon glacial recession, populations subsequently expand and often come into contact with other independently diverging populations, resulting in gene flow. To understand how recurrent periods of isolation and contact may have impacted evolution at high latitudes, we investigated introgression dynamics in the stoat (Mustela erminea), a Holarctic mammalian carnivore, using whole-genome sequences. We identify two spatio-temporally distinct episodes of introgression coincident with large-scale climatic shifts: contemporary introgression in a mainland contact zone and ancient contact ~200 km south of the contemporary zone, in the archipelagos along North America’s North Pacific Coast. Repeated episodes of gene flow highlight the central role of cyclic climates in structuring high-latitude diversity, through refugial divergence and introgressive hybridization. When introgression is followed by allopatric isolation (e.g., insularization) it may ultimately expedite divergence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s42003-018-0058-y","usgsCitation":"Colella, J.P., Lan, T., Schuster, S.C., Talbot, S.L., Cook, J.A., and Lindqvist, C., 2018, Whole-genome analysis of Mustela erminea finds that pulsed hybridization impacts evolution at high latitudes: Communications Biology, v. 1, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-018-0058-y.","productDescription":"Article number: 51; 10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-087006","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-018-0058-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356515,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a2bbe4b0702d0e842fcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colella, Jocelyn P.","contributorId":190332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colella","given":"Jocelyn","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lan, Tianying","contributorId":207037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lan","given":"Tianying","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37434,"text":"Department of Biological Scineces, State University of New York at Buffalo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schuster, Stephen C.","contributorId":207039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuster","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37435,"text":"Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cook, Joseph A.","contributorId":8323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7000,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lindqvist, Charlotte","contributorId":207038,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindqvist","given":"Charlotte","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37434,"text":"Department of Biological Scineces, State University of New York at Buffalo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70196537,"text":"fs20183023 - 2018 - Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Canning Basin Province, Australia, 2017","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-31T16:02:16","indexId":"fs20183023","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-31T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-3023","title":"Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Canning Basin Province, Australia, 2017","docAbstract":"Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated mean undiscovered, technically recoverable resources of 1.3 billion barrels of oil and 34.4 trillion cubic feet of gas in the Canning Basin Province of Australia.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20183023","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Tennyson, M.E., Mercier, T.J., Woodall, C.A., Finn, T.M., Le, P.A., Brownfield, M.E., Gaswirth, S.B., Marra, K.R., and Leathers-Miller, H.M., 2018, Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Canning Basin Province, Australia, 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2018–3023, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183023. ","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-095000","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354575,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3023/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":354576,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3023/fs20183023.pdf","text":"Report","size":"828 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2018-3023"},{"id":354577,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20173039","text":"Fact Sheet 2017–3039:","linkHelpText":"Assessment of Continuous Oil and Gas Resources in the Perth Basin Province, Australia, 2017"}],"country":"Australia","state":"Western Australia","county":"Canning Basin Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 115.26855468749999,\n -26.902476886279807\n ],\n [\n 129.814453125,\n -26.902476886279807\n ],\n [\n 129.814453125,\n -12.811801316582619\n ],\n [\n 115.26855468749999,\n -12.811801316582619\n ],\n [\n 115.26855468749999,\n -26.902476886279807\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Frequent occurrence of intermediate forms and poor knowledge on the variability of characters have caused some difficulties in the taxonomy of Trapa in Japan. Thus I made a preliminary analysis on the variation of nuts collected from 21 populations in Southwestern Japan. Attention was paid to some morphometrical characters of the nut and development of lower spines or “pseudohorns.” Each population usually contained different forms of nuts. Among them, however, several entities could be recognized based on the shape of nut as follows. 1) Two-spined form: This included nuts of middle size (width 30–50 mm) and ones of big size (width over 45 mm). In case of the former ones, the nuts with pseudohorns of varying degree of development usually occurred together within one population and even on a single plant. I propose to treat them as one taxon, Trapa japonica, sensu OHWI (1965), without inventing varieties. But at the same time, it was remarkable that the tendency of development of pseudohorns was apparently different from population to population. The bigger ones included two types, that is, one without pseudohorns and the other with pseudohorns. The former one may be identified as T. bispinosa ROXB., but the latter one has not been described in literature. 2) Four-spined form: The nuts of small size (width of about 20 mm) were well definable and thought to be T. incisa SIEB. et ZUCC. The nuts of bigger size showed some variations with respect to their size and/or stoutness of lower spines. The big ones (width over 45 mm) may be treated as one taxon, T. natans or its variety. The nuts of middle size have been named T. natans var. pumila NAKANO. But so far as present materials were concerned, its entity seemed dubious. They might be immature nuts of bigger ones. The different patterns of variation among populations were ascribed to genetic differentiation. Predominance of self-pollination and isolation of habitats were thought to promote genetic isolation and preservation of genetic variations which occurred in each population. But the possibility of hybridization cannot be excluded.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181075","usgsCitation":"Kadono, Yasuro, 2018, A preliminary study of variation of Trapa in Japan (translated into English from the Japanese by V. Chintu Lai): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1075, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181075. [The translation was edited by Nancy B. Rybicki. The article was originally published in Japanese with English summary as Kadono, Y., 1987, A preliminary study of variation of Trapa in Japan: Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica, v. 38 (September), p. 199–210, https://doi.org/10.18942/bunruichiri.KJ00002992255.]","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-086527","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354294,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1075/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":354295,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1075/ofr20181075.pdf","text":"Report","size":"769 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1075","linkHelpText":"- Open File Report of the Japanese language paper by Y. Kadono, and translated by Vince Lai that describes Trapa (water chestnut)."}],"country":"Japan","publicComments":"Open File Report of the Japanese language paper by Y. Kadono, and translated by Vince Lai that describes Trapa (water chestnut).","contact":"Director, Earth System Processes Division
U.S. Geological Survey
411 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
This report was written as a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey, SilvaCarbon, and Wageningen University with funding provided by the U.S. Agency for International Development and the European Space Agency, respectively, to address a pressing need for enhanced result-based monitoring and evaluation of delivered capacity-building activities. For this report, the capacity-building activities delivered by capacity-building providers (referred to as “providers” hereafter) during 2011–15 (the study period) to support countries in building measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) systems for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) were assessed and evaluated.
Summarizing capacity-building activities and outcomes across multiple providers was challenging. Many of the providers did not have information readily available, which precluded them from participating in this study despite the usefulness of their information. This issue led to a key proposed future action: Capacity-building providers could establish a central repository within the Global Forestry Observation Initiative (GFOI; http://www.gfoi.org/) where data from past, current, and future activities of all capacity-building providers could be stored. The repository could be maintained in a manner to continually learn from previous lessons.
Although various providers monitored and evaluated the success of their capacity-building activities, such evaluations only assessed the success of immediate outcomes and not the overarching outcomes and impacts of activities implemented by multiple providers. Good monitoring and evaluation should continuously monitor and periodically evaluate all factors affecting the outcomes of a provided capacity-building activity.
The absence of a methodology to produce quantitative evidence of a causal link between multiple capacity-building activities delivered and successful outcomes left only a plausible association. A previous publication argued that plausible association, although not a precise measurement of cause and effect, was a realistic tool. Our review of the available literature on this subject did not find another similar assessment to assess capacity-building activities for supporting the countries in building MRV system for REDD+.
Four countries from the main forested regions of Africa, the Americas, and Asia were chosen as subjects for this report based on the length of time SilvaCarbon and other providers have provided capacity-building activities toward MRV system for REDD+: Colombia (the Americas), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC; Africa), Peru (the Americas), and the Republic of the Philippines (referred to as “the Philippines” hereafter; Asia).
Several providers were contacted for information to include in this report, but, because of various constraints, only SilvaCarbon, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) participated in this study. These three providers supported various targeted capacity-building activities through-out Africa, the Americas, and Asia, including the following: technical workshops at national and regional levels (referred to as “workshops” hereafter), hands on training, study tours, technical details by experts, technical consultation between providers and recipients, sponsorship for travel, organizing network meetings, developing sampling protocols, assessing deforestation and degradation drivers, estimating carbon stock and flow, designing monitoring systems for multiple uses, promoting public-private partnerships to scale up investments on MRV system for REDD+, and assisting with the design of national forest monitoring systems.
Their activities were planned in coordination with key partners in each country and region and with the support and assistance of other providers. Note that several other organizations and institutions assisted the providers to deliver capacity-building activities, including Boston University, Conservation International, Stanford University, University of Maryland, and Wageningen University & Research.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181031","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Wageningen University, the U.S. Agency for International Development, the U.S. Department of State, and the European Space Agency ","usgsCitation":"Peneva-Reed, E.I., and Romijn, J.E, 2018, Assessment of capacity-building activities for forest measurement, reporting, and verification, 2011–15: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1031, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181031. ","productDescription":"v, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-088895","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354567,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1031/ofr20181031.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.07 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1031"},{"id":354566,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1031/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Under-ice discharge is estimated using open-water reference hydrographs; however, the ratings for ice-affected sites are generally qualified as poor. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in collaboration with the Colorado Water Conservation Board, conducted a proof-of-concept to develop an alternative method for computing under-ice discharge using hydroacoustics and the Probability Concept.
The study site was located south of Minturn, Colorado (CO), USA, and was selected because of (1) its proximity to the existing USGS streamgage 09064600 Eagle River near Minturn, CO, and (2) its ease-of-access to verify discharge using a variety of conventional methods. From late September 2014 to early March 2015, hydraulic conditions varied from open water to under ice. These temporal changes led to variations in water depth and velocity. Hydroacoustics (tethered and uplooking acoustic Doppler current profilers and acoustic Doppler velocimeters) were deployed to measure the vertical-velocity profile at a singularly important vertical of the channel-cross section. Because the velocity profile was non-standard and cannot be characterized using a Power Law or Log Law, velocity data were analyzed using the Probability Concept, which is a probabilistic formulation of the velocity distribution. The Probability Concept-derived discharge was compared to conventional methods including stage-discharge and index-velocity ratings and concurrent field measurements; each is complicated by the dynamics of ice formation, pressure influences on stage measurements, and variations in cross-sectional area due to ice formation.
No particular discharge method was assigned as truth. Rather one statistical metric (Kolmogorov-Smirnov; KS), agreement plots, and concurrent measurements provided a measure of comparability between various methods. Regardless of the method employed, comparisons between each method revealed encouraging results depending on the flow conditions and the absence or presence of ice cover.
For example, during lower discharges dominated by under-ice and transition (intermittent open-water and under-ice) conditions, the KS metric suggests there is not sufficient information to reject the null hypothesis and implies that the Probability Concept and index-velocity rating represent similar distributions. During high-flow, open-water conditions, the comparisons are less definitive; therefore, it is important that the appropriate analytical method and instrumentation be selected. Six conventional discharge measurements were collected concurrently with Probability Concept-derived discharges with percent differences (%) of −9.0%, −21%, −8.6%, 17.8%, 3.6%, and −2.3%.
This proof-of-concept demonstrates that riverine discharges can be computed using the Probability Concept for a range of hydraulic extremes (variations in discharge, open-water and under-ice conditions) immediately after the siting phase is complete, which typically requires one day. Computing real-time discharges is particularly important at sites, where (1) new streamgages are planned, (2) river hydraulics are complex, and (3) shifts in the stage-discharge rating are needed to correct the streamflow record. Use of the Probability Concept does not preclude the need to maintain a stage-area relation. Both the Probability Concept and index-velocity rating offer water-resource managers and decision makers alternatives for computing real-time discharge for open-water and under-ice conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.04.073","usgsCitation":"Fulton, J.W., Henneberg, M.F., Mills, T.J., Kohn, M.S., Epstein, B., Hittle, E.A., Damschen, W., Laveau, C., Lambrecht, J.M., and Farmer, W.H., 2018, Computing under-ice discharge: A proof-of-concept using hydroacoustics and the Probability Concept: Journal of Hydrology, v. 562, p. 733-748, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.04.073.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"733","endPage":"748","ipdsId":"IP-072689","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.04.073","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":354617,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Eagle River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.40344033567112,\n 39.55549288908489\n ],\n [\n -106.40344033567112,\n 39.552795008656176\n ],\n [\n -106.40000726492562,\n 39.552795008656176\n ],\n [\n -106.40000726492562,\n 39.55549288908489\n ],\n [\n -106.40344033567112,\n 39.55549288908489\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"562","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b155d72e4b092d9651e1af8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulton, John W. 0000-0002-5335-0720 jwfulton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-0720","contributorId":2298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"John","email":"jwfulton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henneberg, Mark F. 0000-0002-6991-1211 mfhenneb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6991-1211","contributorId":173569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henneberg","given":"Mark","email":"mfhenneb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mills, Taylor J. 0000-0001-7252-0521 tmills@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7252-0521","contributorId":4658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"Taylor","email":"tmills@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kohn, Michael S. 0000-0002-5989-7700 mkohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5989-7700","contributorId":4549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohn","given":"Michael","email":"mkohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Epstein, Brian","contributorId":205319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Epstein","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hittle, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-1771-7724 ehittle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1771-7724","contributorId":2038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hittle","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ehittle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Damschen, William C. wcdamsch@usgs.gov","contributorId":1610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damschen","given":"William C.","email":"wcdamsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Laveau, Christopher D. 0000-0002-4009-1889","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4009-1889","contributorId":205320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laveau","given":"Christopher D.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":736899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lambrecht, Jason M. jmlambre@usgs.gov","contributorId":4019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambrecht","given":"Jason","email":"jmlambre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":736900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Farmer, William H. 0000-0002-2865-2196 wfarmer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2865-2196","contributorId":4374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"William","email":"wfarmer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70197385,"text":"70197385 - 2018 - Habitat selection, movement patterns, and hazards encountered by northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens) in an agricultural landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-31T14:57:37","indexId":"70197385","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1894,"text":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","onlineIssn":"2151-0733","printIssn":"1931-7603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Habitat selection, movement patterns, and hazards encountered by northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens) in an agricultural landscape","title":"Habitat selection, movement patterns, and hazards encountered by northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens) in an agricultural landscape","docAbstract":"Telemetry data for 59 Northern Leopard Frogs (Lithobates pipiens) breeding in ponds in Houston and Winona Counties, MN; 2001-2002. Agricultural intensification is causing declines in many wildlife species, including Northern Leopard Frogs (Lithobates pipiens). Specific information about frog movements, habitat selection, and sources of mortality can be used to inform conservation-focused land management and acquisition. We studied Northern Leopard Frogs in southeastern Minnesota, part of the Driftless Area ecoregion, characterized by hills and valleys and a mix of agriculture, forests, small towns and farmsteads. In this area, small farm ponds, originally built to control soil erosion are used by the species for breeding and wintering in addition to riparian wetlands. But, this agricultural landscape may be hazardous for frogs moving between breeding, feeding, and wintering habitats. We surgically implanted transmitters into the peritoneal cavity of 59 Northern Leopard Frogs and tracked them from May to October 2001-2002. The total distance traveled by radio-tagged frogs ranged from 12 to 3316 m, the 95% home range averaged 5.3 ± 1.2 (SE) ha, and the 50% core area averaged 1.05 ± 0.3 (SE) ha. As expected, Northern Leopard Frogs selected wetlands over all other land cover classes and row crops were generally avoided at all levels of selection. Only a few tracked frogs were successful at dispersing (n = 6). Most frogs attempting to disperse (n =31) ended up missing (n = 14), died due to mowing (n = 8), or were recorded as transmitter failure (n = 2) or unknown mortalities (n = 1). For the conservation of Northern Leopard Frogs in this agricultural setting, we must consider both the aquatic and the terrestrial needs of this species. Conservation agencies that restore, manage, and acquire wetlands should consider the hazards posed by land uses adjacent to frog breeding and wintering sites and plan for movement corridors between these locations. For example, grasslands that are mowed or hayed between April and October in the north central U.S. and are adjacent to wetlands, pose a direct threat to frogs because these cultivated grasslands are primary locations for summer occupancy. When conservation land managers are selecting sites for acquisition or restoration they should avoid investments that will situate the wetland adjacent to heavily travelled roads and agricultural lands likely to be mowed or hayed. Increasing habitat amount and quality at amphibian breeding, feeding and wintering sites should reduce the energy required and hazards associated with moving long distances. Large, diverse wetlands probably provide all of the requirements needed by Northern Leopard Frogs for survival including food, shelter, breeding and overwintering areas.","language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","usgsCitation":"Knutson, M.G., Herner-Thogmartin, J., Thogmartin, W.E., Kapfer, J.M., and Nelson, J.C., 2018, Habitat selection, movement patterns, and hazards encountered by northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens) in an agricultural landscape: Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 13, no. 1, p. 113-130.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"130","ipdsId":"IP-085717","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354645,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":354643,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org10.5066/F7930S4R"},{"id":354629,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/contents_vol13_issue1.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Houston County, Winona County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.0379638671875,\n 43.375108633273086\n ],\n [\n -91.08489990234375,\n 43.375108633273086\n ],\n [\n -91.08489990234375,\n 44.319918120477425\n ],\n [\n -92.0379638671875,\n 44.319918120477425\n ],\n [\n -92.0379638671875,\n 43.375108633273086\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b155d71e4b092d9651e1af0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knutson, Melinda G.","contributorId":205325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutson","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herner-Thogmartin, Jennifer H.","contributorId":205326,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herner-Thogmartin","given":"Jennifer H.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kapfer, Joshua M.","contributorId":176248,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kapfer","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, John C. 0000-0002-7105-0107 jcnelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7105-0107","contributorId":149361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"John","email":"jcnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70197376,"text":"70197376 - 2018 - Managing salinity in Upper Colorado River Basin streams: Selecting catchments for sediment control efforts using watershed characteristics and random forests models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-31T10:52:21","indexId":"70197376","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Managing salinity in Upper Colorado River Basin streams: Selecting catchments for sediment control efforts using watershed characteristics and random forests models","docAbstract":"Elevated concentrations of dissolved-solids (salinity) including calcium, sodium, sulfate, and chloride, among others, in the Colorado River cause substantial problems for its water users. Previous efforts to reduce dissolved solids in upper Colorado River basin (UCRB) streams often focused on reducing suspended-sediment transport to streams, but few studies have investigated the relationship between suspended sediment and salinity, or evaluated which watershed characteristics might be associated with this relationship. Are there catchment properties that may help in identifying areas where control of suspended sediment will also reduce salinity transport to streams? A random forests classification analysis was performed on topographic, climate, land cover, geology, rock chemistry, soil, and hydrologic information in 163 UCRB catchments. Two random forests models were developed in this study: one for exploring stream and catchment characteristics associated with stream sites where dissolved solids increase with increasing suspended-sediment concentration, and the other for predicting where these sites are located in unmonitored reaches. Results of variable importance from the exploratory random forests models indicate that no simple source, geochemical process, or transport mechanism can easily explain the relationship between dissolved solids and suspended sediment concentrations at UCRB monitoring sites. Among the most important watershed characteristics in both models were measures of soil hydraulic conductivity, soil erodibility, minimum catchment elevation, catchment area, and the silt component of soil in the catchment. Predictions at key locations in the basin were combined with observations from selected monitoring sites, and presented in map-form to give a complete understanding of where catchment sediment control practices would also benefit control of dissolved solids in streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/w10060676","usgsCitation":"Tillman, F.D., Anning, D., Heilman, J.A., Buto, S.G., and Miller, M.P., 2018, Managing salinity in Upper Colorado River Basin streams: Selecting catchments for sediment control efforts using watershed characteristics and random forests models: Water, v. 10, no. 6, Article 676; , https://doi.org/10.3390/w10060676.","productDescription":"Article 676; ","ipdsId":"IP-082147","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w10060676","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":354625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b155d71e4b092d9651e1af4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillman, Fred D. 0000-0002-2922-402X ftillman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2922-402X","contributorId":147809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillman","given":"Fred","email":"ftillman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anning, David W. 0000-0002-4470-3387","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4470-3387","contributorId":202783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anning","given":"David W.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heilman, Julian A. 0000-0002-2987-4057 jahr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2987-4057","contributorId":202192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilman","given":"Julian","email":"jahr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buto, Susan G. 0000-0002-1107-9549 sbuto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-9549","contributorId":1057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buto","given":"Susan","email":"sbuto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Matthew P. 0000-0002-2537-1823 mamiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-1823","contributorId":3919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Matthew","email":"mamiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70197364,"text":"70197364 - 2018 - Ecohydrological implications of aeolian sediment trapping by sparse vegetation in drylands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T16:07:25","indexId":"70197364","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecohydrological implications of aeolian sediment trapping by sparse vegetation in drylands","docAbstract":"Aeolian processes are important drivers of ecosystem dynamics in drylands, and important feedbacks exist among aeolian—hydrological processes and vegetation. The trapping of wind‐borne sediments by vegetation canopies may result in changes in soil properties beneath the vegetation, which, in turn, can alter hydrological and biogeochemical processes. Despite the relevance of aeolian transport to ecosystem dynamics, the interactions between aeolian transport and vegetation in shaping dryland landscapes where sediment distribution is altered by relatively rapid changes in vegetation composition such as shrub encroachment, are not well understood. Here, we used a computational fluid dynamics modelling framework to investigate the sediment trapping efficiencies of vegetation canopies commonly found in a shrub‐grass ecotone in the Chihuahuan Desert (New Mexico, USA) and related the results to spatial heterogeneity in soil texture and infiltration measured in the field. The vegetation structures were created using a computer‐aided design software, with inherent canopy porosities, which were derived using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) measurements of plant canopies. Results show that considerable heterogeneity in infiltration and soil grain size distribution exist between the microsites, with higher infiltration and coarser soil texture under shrubs. Numerical simulations further indicate that the differential trapping of canopies might contribute to the observed heterogeneity in soil texture. In the early stages of encroachment, the shrub canopies, by trapping coarser particles more efficiently, might maintain higher infiltration rates leading to faster development of the microsites with enhanced ecological productivity, which might provide positive feedbacks to shrub encroachment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eco.1986","usgsCitation":"Gonzales, H.B., Ravi, S., Li, J., and Sankey, J.B., 2018, Ecohydrological implications of aeolian sediment trapping by sparse vegetation in drylands: Ecohydrology, v. 11, no. 7, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1986.","productDescription":"e1986; 11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-093901","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354650,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b155d73e4b092d9651e1afc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gonzales, Howell B.","contributorId":202737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzales","given":"Howell","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36520,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ravi, Sujith","contributorId":202738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ravi","given":"Sujith","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36520,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Li, Junran","contributorId":202740,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Junran","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36521,"text":"Department of Geosciences, University of Tulsa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992 jsankey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":3935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel","email":"jsankey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70197365,"text":"sir20185064 - 2018 - Conceptual framework and trend analysis of water-level responses to hydrologic stresses, Pahute Mesa–Oasis Valley groundwater basin, Nevada, 1966-2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-06T14:16:17","indexId":"sir20185064","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5064","title":"Conceptual framework and trend analysis of water-level responses to hydrologic stresses, Pahute Mesa–Oasis Valley groundwater basin, Nevada, 1966-2016","docAbstract":"This report identifies water-level trends in wells and provides a conceptual framework that explains the hydrologic stresses and factors causing the trends in the Pahute Mesa–Oasis Valley (PMOV) groundwater basin, southern Nevada. Water levels in 79 wells were analyzed for trends between 1966 and 2016. The magnitude and duration of water-level responses to hydrologic stresses were analyzed graphically, statistically, and with water-level models.
The conceptual framework consists of multiple stress-specific conceptual models to explain water-level responses to the following hydrologic stresses: recharge, evapotranspiration, pumping, nuclear testing, and wellbore equilibration. Dominant hydrologic stresses affecting water-level trends in each well were used to categorize trends as nonstatic, transient, or steady state.
The conceptual framework of water-level responses to hydrologic stresses and trend analyses provide a comprehensive understanding of the PMOV basin and vicinity. The trend analysis links water-level fluctuations in wells to hydrologic stresses and potential factors causing the trends. Transient and steady-state trend categorizations can be used to determine the appropriate water-level data for groundwater studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185064","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office, Office of Environmental Management under Interagency Agreement, DE-NA0001654","usgsCitation":"Jackson, T.R., and Fenelon, J.M., 2018, Conceptual framework and trend analysis of water-level responses to hydrologic stresses, Pahute Mesa–Oasis Valley groundwater basin, Nevada, 1966-2016: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018-5064, 89 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185064.","productDescription":"ix, 89 p.","numberOfPages":"104","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-086316","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354612,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F77942XB","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Supplemental data for conceptual framework and trend analysis of water-level responses to hydrologic stresses, Pahute Mesa–Oasis Valley Groundwater Basin, Nevada, 1966-2016"},{"id":354610,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5064/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":354611,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5064/sir20185064.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5064"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Pahute Mesa–Oasis Valley Groundwater Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 36\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Rd.
Carson City, Nevada 89701
The U.S. Geological Survey developed a groundwater-flow model for the uppermost principal aquifer systems in the Williston Basin in parts of Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota in the United States and parts of Manitoba and Saskatchewan in Canada as part of a detailed assessment of the groundwater availability in the area. The assessment was done because of the potential for increased demands and stresses on groundwater associated with large-scale energy development in the area. As part of this assessment, a three-dimensional groundwater-flow model was developed as a tool that can be used to simulate how the groundwater-flow system responds to changes in hydrologic stresses at a regional scale.
The three-dimensional groundwater-flow model was developed using the U.S. Geological Survey’s numerical finite-difference groundwater model with the Newton-Rhapson solver, MODFLOW–NWT, to represent the glacial, lower Tertiary, and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems for steady-state (mean) hydrological conditions for 1981‒2005 and for transient (temporally varying) conditions using a combination of a steady-state period for pre-1960 and transient periods for 1961‒2005. The numerical model framework was constructed based on existing and interpreted hydrogeologic and geospatial data and consisted of eight layers. Two layers were used to represent the glacial aquifer system in the model; layer 1 represented the upper one-half and layer 2 represented the lower one-half of the glacial aquifer system. Three layers were used to represent the lower Tertiary aquifer system in the model; layer 3 represented the upper Fort Union aquifer, layer 4 represented the middle Fort Union hydrogeologic unit, and layer 5 represented the lower Fort Union aquifer. Three layers were used to represent the Upper Cretaceous aquifer system in the model; layer 6 represented the upper Hell Creek hydrogeologic unit, layer 7 represented the lower Hell Creek aquifer, and layer 8 represented the Fox Hills aquifer. The numerical model was constructed using a uniform grid with square cells that are about 1 mile (1,600 meters) on each side with a total of about 657,000 active cells.
Model calibration was completed by linking Parameter ESTimation (PEST) software with MODFLOW–NWT. The PEST software uses statistical parameter estimation techniques to identify an optimum set of input parameters by adjusting individual model input parameters and assessing the differences, or residuals, between observed (measured or estimated) data and simulated values. Steady-state model calibration consisted of attempting to match mean simulated values to measured or estimated values of (1) hydraulic head, (2) hydraulic head differences between model layers, (3) stream infiltration, and (4) discharge to streams. Calibration of the transient model consisted of attempting to match simulated and measured temporally distributed values of hydraulic head changes, stream base flow, and groundwater discharge to artesian flowing wells. Hydraulic properties estimated through model calibration included hydraulic conductivity, vertical hydraulic conductivity, aquifer storage, and riverbed hydraulic conductivity in addition to groundwater recharge and well skin.
The ability of the numerical model to accurately simulate groundwater flow in the Williston Basin was assessed primarily by its ability to match calibration targets for hydraulic head, stream base flow, and flowing well discharge. The steady-state model also was used to assess the simulated potentiometric surfaces in the upper Fort Union aquifer, the lower Fort Union aquifer, and the Fox Hills aquifer. Additionally, a previously estimated regional groundwater-flow budget was compared with the simulated steady-state groundwater-flow budget for the Williston Basin. The simulated potentiometric surfaces typically compared well with the estimated potentiometric surfaces based on measured hydraulic head data and indicated localized groundwater-flow gradients that were topographically controlled in outcrop areas and more generalized regional gradients where the aquifers were confined. The differences between the measured and simulated (residuals) hydraulic head values for 11,109 wells were assessed, which indicated that the steady-state model generally underestimated hydraulic head in the model area. This underestimation is indicated by a positive mean residual of 11.2 feet for all model layers. Layer 7, which represents the lower Hell Creek aquifer, is the only layer for which the steady-state model overestimated hydraulic head. Simulated groundwater-level changes for the transient model matched within plus or minus 2.5 feet of the measured values for more than 60 percent of all measurements and to within plus or minus 17.5 feet for 95 percent of all measurements; however, the transient model underestimated groundwater-level changes for all model layers. A comparison between simulated and estimated base flows for the steady-state and transient models indicated that both models overestimated base flow in streams and underestimated annual fluctuations in base flow.
The estimated and simulated groundwater budgets indicate the model area received a substantial amount of recharge from precipitation and stream infiltration. The steady-state model indicated that reservoir seepage was a larger component of recharge in the Williston Basin than was previously estimated. Irrigation recharge and groundwater inflow from outside the Williston Basin accounted for a relatively small part of total groundwater recharge when compared with recharge from precipitation, stream infiltration, and reservoir seepage. Most of the estimated and simulated groundwater discharge in the Williston Basin was to streams and reservoirs. Simulated groundwater withdrawal, discharge to reservoirs, and groundwater outflow in the Williston Basin accounted for a smaller part of total groundwater discharge.
The transient model was used to simulate discharge to 571 flowing artesian wells within the model area. Of the 571 established flowing artesian wells simulated by the model, 271 wells did not flow at any time during the simulation because hydraulic head was always below the land-surface altitude. As hydraulic head declined throughout the simulation, 68 of these wells responded by ceasing to flow by the end of 2005. Total mean simulated discharge for the 571 flowing artesian wells was 55.1 cubic feet per second (ft3/s), and the mean simulated flowing well discharge for individual wells was 0.118 ft3/s. Simulated discharge to individual flowing artesian wells increased from 0.039 to 0.177 ft3/s between 1961 and 1975 and decreased to 0.102 ft3/s by 2005. The mean residual for 34 flowing wells with measured discharge was 0.014 ft3/s, which indicates the transient model overestimated discharge to flowing artesian wells in the model area.
Model limitations arise from aspects of the conceptual model and from simplifications inherent in the construction and calibration of a regional-scale numerical groundwater-flow model. Simplifying assumptions in defining hydraulic parameters in space and hydrologic stresses and time-varying observational data in time can limit the capabilities of this tool to simulate how the groundwater-flow system responds to changes in hydrologic stresses, particularly at the local scale; nevertheless, the steady-state model adequately simulated flow in the uppermost principal aquifer systems in the Williston Basin based on the comparison between the simulated and estimated groundwater-flow budget, the comparison between simulated and estimated potentiometric surfaces, and the results of the calibration process.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175158","collaboration":"Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Davis, K.W., and Long, A.J., 2018, Construction and calibration of a groundwater-flow model to assess groundwater availability in the uppermost principal aquifer systems of the Williston Basin, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5158, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175158.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 70; Appendixes 1-2; Data Release","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-080007","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354478,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F75B01CZ","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT model used to assess groundwater availability in the uppermost principal aquifer systems of the Williston structural basin, United States and Canada"},{"id":354477,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5158/sir20175158.pdf","text":"Report","size":"97.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017–5158"},{"id":354510,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5158/sir20175158_appendix_1.xlsx","text":"Appendix Table 1","size":"1.77 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2017–5158 Appendix 1"},{"id":354511,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5158/sir20175158_appendix_2.xlsx","text":"Appendix Table 2","size":"25.1 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2017–5158 Appendix 2"},{"id":354476,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5158/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Williston Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.3359375,\n 42.35854391749705\n ],\n [\n -97.734375,\n 42.35854391749705\n ],\n [\n -97.734375,\n 49.89463439573421\n ],\n [\n -109.3359375,\n 49.89463439573421\n ],\n [\n -109.3359375,\n 42.35854391749705\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Dakota Water Science Center
South Dakota Office
U.S. Geological Survey
1608 Mountain View Rd.
Rapid City, SD 57702
Natural-origin steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)) in the Pacific Northwest, USA, are threatened by a number of factors including habitat destruction, disease, decline in marine survival, and a potential erosion of genetic viability due to introgression from hatchery strains. Our major goal was to use a recently developed SNP array containing ∼57 000 SNPs to identify a subset of SNPs that differentiate hatchery and natural-origin populations. We analyzed 35 765 polymorphic SNPs in nine populations of steelhead trout sampled from Puget Sound, Washington, USA. We then conducted two outlier tests and found 360 loci that were candidates for divergent selection between hatchery and natural-origin populations (mean FCT = 0.29, maximum = 0.65) and 595 SNPs that were candidates for selection among natural-origin populations (mean FST = 0.25, maximum = 0.51). Comparisons with a linkage map revealed that two chromosomes (Omy05 and Omy25) contained significantly more outliers than other chromosomes, suggesting that regions on Omy05 and Omy25 may be of adaptive significance. Our results highlight several advantages of the 57 000 SNP array as a tool for population and conservation genomics studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2017-0116","usgsCitation":"Larson, W., Palti, Y., Gao, G., Warheit, K.I., and Seeb, J.E., 2018, Rapid discovery of SNPs differentiating hatchery steelhead trout from ESA-listed natural-origin steelhead trout using a 57K SNP array: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 75, no. 7, p. 1160-1168, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0116.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1160","endPage":"1168","ipdsId":"IP-085849","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0116","text":"External Repository"},{"id":354647,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"British Columbia, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 50\n ],\n [\n -125,\n 50\n ],\n [\n -125,\n 46\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b155df2e4b092d9651e1b8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Wesley 0000-0003-4473-3401 wlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4473-3401","contributorId":199509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Wesley","email":"wlarson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palti, Yniv","contributorId":46856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palti","given":"Yniv","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gao, Gunagtu","contributorId":206124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gao","given":"Gunagtu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warheit, Kenneth I.","contributorId":202110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warheit","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":36349,"text":"Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Program, 600 Capitol Way N., Olympia, WA 98501","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":737002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seeb, James E.","contributorId":87003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeb","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70197395,"text":"70197395 - 2018 - Effects of air temperature and discharge on Upper Mississippi River summer water temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-13T14:06:07","indexId":"70197395","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of air temperature and discharge on Upper Mississippi River summer water temperatures","docAbstract":"Recent interest in the potential effects of climate change has prompted studies of air temperature and precipitation associations with water temperatures in rivers and streams. We examined associations between summer surface water temperatures and both air temperature and discharge for 5 reaches of the Upper Mississippi River during 1994–2011. Water–air temperature associations at a given reach approximated 1:1 when estimated under an assumption of reach independence but declined to approximately 1:2 when water temperatures were permitted to covary among reaches and were also adjusted for upstream air temperatures. Estimated water temperature–discharge associations were weak. An apparently novel feature of this study is that of addressing changes in associations between water and air temperatures when both are correlated among reaches.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.3278","usgsCitation":"Gray, B.R., Robertson, D.M., and Rogala, J.T., 2018, Effects of air temperature and discharge on Upper Mississippi River summer water temperatures: River Research and Applications, v. 34, no. 6, p. 506-515, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3278.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"506","endPage":"515","ipdsId":"IP-074111","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F76972TT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"SAS code for analyzing water temperature data"},{"id":354642,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.6806640625,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -89.033203125,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -89.033203125,\n 44.715513732021336\n ],\n [\n -92.6806640625,\n 44.715513732021336\n ],\n [\n -92.6806640625,\n 36.94989178681327\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b155d70e4b092d9651e1aec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, Brian R. 0000-0001-7682-9550 brgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":2615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Brian","email":"brgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":204668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogala, James T. 0000-0002-1954-4097 jrogala@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1954-4097","contributorId":2651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogala","given":"James","email":"jrogala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197378,"text":"70197378 - 2018 - Exposure-related effects of Zequanox on juvenile lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-31T14:55:13","indexId":"70197378","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2655,"text":"Management of Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Exposure-related effects of Zequanox on juvenile lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)","title":"Exposure-related effects of Zequanox on juvenile lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)","docAbstract":"The environmental fate, persistence, and non-target animal impacts of traditional molluscicides for zebra, Dreissena polymorpha, and quagga, D. bugensis, mussel control led to the development of the biomolluscicide Zequanox. Although previous research has demonstrated the specificity of Zequanox, one study indicated sensitivity of salmonids and lake sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, following non-label compliant exposures to Zequanox. This study was conducted to evaluate sublethal and lethal impacts of Zequanox exposure on juvenile lake sturgeon and lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, following applications that were conducted in a manner consistent with the Zequanox product label. Fish were exposed to 50 or 100 mg/L of Zequanox as active ingredient for 8 h and then held for 33 d to evaluate latent impacts. No acute mortality was observed in either species; however, significant latent mortality (P < 0.01, df = 9; 46.2%) was observed in lake trout that were exposed to the highest dose of Zequanox. Statistically significant (P < 0.03, df = 9), but biologically minimal differences were observed in the weight (range 20.17 to 21.49 g) of surviving lake sturgeon at the termination of the 33 d post-exposure observation period. Statistically significant (P < 0.05, df = 9) and biologically considerable differences were observed in the weight (range 6.19 to 9.55 g) of surviving lake trout at the termination of the 33 d post-exposure observation period. Histologic evaluation of lake trout gastrointestinal tracts suggests that the mode of action in lake trout is different from the mode of action that induces zebra and quagga mussel mortality. Further research could determine the sensitivity of other salmonid species to Zequanox and determine if native fish will avoid Zequanox treated water.
","language":"English","publisher":"REABIC","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2018.9.2.09","collaboration":".","usgsCitation":"Luoma, J.A., Severson, T.J., Wise, J.K., and Barbour, M., 2018, Exposure-related effects of Zequanox on juvenile lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush): Management of Biological Invasions, v. 9, no. 2, p. 163-175, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2018.9.2.09.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"175","ipdsId":"IP-090152","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468716,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2018.9.2.09","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Q23ZGT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Exposure-related effects of Zequanox on juvenile lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) Data"},{"id":354644,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b155d71e4b092d9651e1af2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, James A. 0000-0003-3556-0190 jluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-0190","contributorId":4449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"James","email":"jluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Severson, Todd J. 0000-0001-5282-3779 tseverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5282-3779","contributorId":4749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"Todd","email":"tseverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wise, Jeremy K. 0000-0003-0184-6959 jwise@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-6959","contributorId":5009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wise","given":"Jeremy","email":"jwise@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barbour, Matthew 0000-0002-0095-9188 mbarbour@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0095-9188","contributorId":195580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbour","given":"Matthew","email":"mbarbour@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70197406,"text":"ofr20181091 - 2018 - Rio Grande transboundary integrated hydrologic model and water-availability analysis, New Mexico and Texas, United States, and Northern Chihuahua, Mexico","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70197406,"text":"ofr20181091 - 2018 - Rio Grande transboundary integrated hydrologic model and water-availability analysis, New Mexico and Texas, United States, and Northern Chihuahua, Mexico","indexId":"ofr20181091","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"title":"Rio Grande transboundary integrated hydrologic model and water-availability analysis, New Mexico and Texas, United States, and Northern Chihuahua, Mexico"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70206191,"text":"sir20195120 - 2020 - Rio Grande transboundary integrated hydrologic model and water-availability analysis, New Mexico and Texas, United States, and northern Chihuahua, Mexico","indexId":"sir20195120","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"title":"Rio Grande transboundary integrated hydrologic model and water-availability analysis, New Mexico and Texas, United States, and northern Chihuahua, Mexico"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70206191,"text":"sir20195120 - 2020 - Rio Grande transboundary integrated hydrologic model and water-availability analysis, New Mexico and Texas, United States, and northern Chihuahua, Mexico","indexId":"sir20195120","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"title":"Rio Grande transboundary integrated hydrologic model and water-availability analysis, New Mexico and Texas, United States, and northern Chihuahua, Mexico"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-13T21:07:54.430093","indexId":"ofr20181091","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1091","title":"Rio Grande transboundary integrated hydrologic model and water-availability analysis, New Mexico and Texas, United States, and Northern Chihuahua, Mexico","docAbstract":"**September 28, 2018: The purpose of a USGS Open-file report (OFR) is dissemination of information that must be released immediately to fill a public need or information that is not sufficiently refined to warrant publication in one of the other USGS series. As part of that refinement process, an error was discovered in one of the input data sets of the Rio Grande Transboundary Integrated Hydrologic Model (RGTIHM) that this OFR was based upon. The error involved the assignment of storage properties to “phantom cells.”
Phantom cells are required for most variants of MODFLOW that use a structured finite-difference grid when individual stratigraphic layers are represented as separate layers. Using phantom cells is a common practice that allows separate model layers to be maintained without having to combine stratigraphic layers into equivalent model layers or to use an unstructured grid. Typically, phantom cell horizontal hydraulic conductivities and storage properties are set to a small number and vertical hydraulic conductivities are set to a number large enough to allow vertical flow between the vertically adjacent layers.
In the RGTIHM, the specific storage properties of the phantom cells for the upper (RGTIHM layers 3 and 4), middle (RGTIHM layers 5 and 6), and lower (RGTIHM layers 7 and 8) members of the Santa Fe Group were inadvertently assigned a value of 1 feet-1. The revision of these specific storage values to a small number (1.0 x 10-09 feet-1) required additional trial-and-error model calibration and a new sensitivity analysis. After calibration, the overall model fit remained similar to the fit described in the OFR, but the fit for many individual features such as project water available for diversions at the American Canal and Acequia Madre improved due to the reduction in flow coming from lower layers. Overall, there is still an average net depletion of groundwater flow, and the conclusions of the report are not changed. The revised average annual groundwater flow depletion simulated for the period 1953-2014 is -1,480 acre-feet/year for the entire model region, and -3,660 acre-feet/year for the portion of the model in the United States. The final version of the model will be the basis of the USGS Scientific Investigations Report that will supersede this OFR. An updated Model Archive of RGTIHM is available upon request to the USGS California Water Science Center.
The corrected version of the model WAS the basis for the USGS Scientific Investigations Report that SUPERSEDED this Open-File Report.**
Changes in population, agricultural development and practices (including shifts to more water-intensive crops), and climate variability are increasing demands on available water resources, particularly groundwater, in one of the most productive agricultural regions in the Southwest—the Rincon and Mesilla Valley parts of Rio Grande Valley, Doña Ana and Sierra Counties, New Mexico, and El Paso County, Texas. The goal of this study was to produce an integrated hydrological simulation model to help evaluate water-management strategies, including conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater for historical conditions, and to support long-term planning for the Rio Grande Project. This report describes model construction and applications by the U.S. Geological Survey, working in cooperation and collaboration with the Bureau of Reclamation.
This model, the Rio Grande Transboundary Integrated Hydrologic Model, simulates the most important natural and human components of the hydrologic system, including selected components related to variations in climate, thereby providing a reliable assessment of surface-water and groundwater conditions and processes that can inform water users and help improve planning for future conditions and sustained operations of the Rio Grande Project (RGP) by the Bureau of Reclamation. Model development included a revision of the conceptual model of the flow system, construction of a Transboundary Rio Grande Watershed Model (TRGWM) water-balance model using the Basin Characterization Model (BCM), and construction of an integrated hydrologic flow model with MODFLOW-One-Water Hydrologic Flow Model (referred to as One Water). The hydrologic models were developed for and calibrated to historical conditions of water and land use, and parameters were adjusted so that simulated values closely matched available measurements (calibration). The calibrated model was then used to assess the use and movement of water in the Rincon Valley, Mesilla Basin, and northern part of the Conejos-Médanos Basin, with the entire region referred to as the “Transboundary Rio Grande” or TRG. These tools provide a means to understand hydrologic system response to the evolution of water use in the region, its availability, and potential operational constraints of the RGP.
The conceptual model identified surface-water and groundwater inflows and outflows that included the movement and use of water both in natural and in anthropogenic systems. The groundwater-flow system is characterized by a layered geologic sedimentary sequence combined with the effects of groundwater pumping, operation of the RGP, natural runoff and recharge, and the application of irrigation water at the land surface that is captured and reused in an extensive network of canals and drains as part of the conjunctive use of water in the region.
Historical groundwater-level fluctuations followed a cyclic pattern that were aligned with climate cycles, which collectively resulted in alternating periods of wet or dry years. Periods of drought that persisted for one or more years are associated with low surface-water availability that resulted in higher rates of groundwater-level decline. Rates of groundwater-level decline also increased during periods of agricultural intensification, which necessitated increasing use of groundwater as a source of irrigation water. Agriculture in the area was initially dominated by alfalfa and cotton, but since 1970 more water-intensive pecan orchards and vegetable production have become more common. Groundwater levels substantially declined in subregions where drier climate combined with increased demand, resulting in periods of reduced streamflows.
Most of the groundwater was recharged in the Rio Grande Valley floor, and most of the pumpage and aquifer storage depletion was in Mesilla Basin agricultural subregions. A cyclic imbalance between inflows and outflows resulted in the modeled cyclic depletion (groundwater withdrawals in excess of natural recharge) of the groundwater basin during the 75-year simulation period of 1940–2014. Changes in groundwater storage can vary considerably from year to year, depending on land use, pumpage, and climate conditions. Climatic drivers of wet and dry years can greatly affect all inflows, outflows, and water use. Although streamflow and, to a minor extent, precipitation during inter-decadal wet-year periods replenished the groundwater historically, contemporary water use and storage depletion could have reduced the effects of these major recharge events. The average net groundwater flow-rate deficit for 1953–2014 was estimated to be about 8,990 acre-feet per year.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181091","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Hanson, R.T., Ritchie, A.B., Boyce, S.E., Galanter, A.E., Ferguson, I.A., Flint, L.E., and Henson, W.R., 2018, Rio Grande transboundary integrated hydrologic model and water-availability analysis, New Mexico and Texas, United States, and Northern Chihuahua, Mexico: U.S Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1091, 185 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181091.","productDescription":"Report: x, 185 p.; Dataset; Data release; Errata","numberOfPages":"200","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-071162","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354790,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1091/ofr20181091.pdf","text":"Report","size":"25 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":354791,"rank":2,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181091","linkHelpText":"- This Open-File report (OFR) was superseded by USGS Scientific Investigations report (SIR) SIR 2019-5120. The final model archive will be available on the national USGS archive site."},{"id":357946,"rank":4,"type":{"id":12,"text":"Errata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1091/erratum.txt","size":"3 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":363155,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9J9NYND","linkHelpText":"Digital hydrologic and geospatial data for the Rio Grande transboundary integrated hydrologic model and water-availability analysis, New Mexico and Texas, United States, and Northern Chihuahua, Mexico"},{"id":354795,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1091/coverthb_.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"New Mexico, Northern Chihuahua, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande","publicComments":"This Open-File report (OFR) will be superseded by a USGS Scientific Investigations report (SIR) once the USGS Techniques and Methods report (T&M) documenting the numerical code is published. Once the SIR is released, the final model archive will be available on the national USGS archive site. For the interim archive for this model, please contact CaWSC for directions on downloading 916-278-3026.","contact":"Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
The right‐lateral San Gregorio‐Hosgri fault system (SGHF) extends mainly offshore for about 400 km along the central California coast and is a major structure in the distributed transform margin of western North America. We mapped a poorly known 64‐km‐long section of the SGHF offshore Big Sur between Piedras Blancas and Point Sur using high‐resolution bathymetry, seismic reflection, and marine magnetic data. In this region, the SGHF is characterized by multiple strands, step overs, scarps and lineaments, shutter ridges, deflected drainages, and other geomorphic features consistent with strike‐slip faulting. Analysis of offset shelfbreak gullies suggest a lateral slip rate of about 3.35 mm/year. Vertical slip rates range as high as 0.8 to 1.2 mm/year. Lateral slip combined with high vertical slip rates result in a northwest decrease in shelf width, a northward increase in shelf and upper slope gradient, and progressive incision of submarine canyon heads. The SGHF between Point Sur and Piedras Blancas trends ~321° and forms a 105‐km‐long transpressive bend (the Big Sur Bend) between more north trending transtensional fault sections to the south (120 km long, ~336° trend) and north (180 km long, ~337° trend). This transpressional bend and SGHF splay faults have had a significant role in shaping the modern geomorphology of the central California coast, controlling or influencing the locations of mountainous uplifts, large coastal headlands, embayments, and rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2017TC004724","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Watt, J., Hartwell, S., and Kluesner, J.W., 2018, Neotectonics of the Big Sur Bend, San Gregorio‐Hosgri fault system, central California: Tectonics, v. 37, no. 7, p. 1930-1954, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017TC004724.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1930","endPage":"1954","ipdsId":"IP-088681","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2017tc004724","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":355620,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Gregorio‐Hosgri fault","volume":"37","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b46e578e4b060350a15d1b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":739770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watt, Janet 0000-0002-4759-3814 jwatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":146222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","email":"jwatt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":739771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hartwell, Stephen 0000-0002-3522-7526 shartwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3522-7526","contributorId":146221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartwell","given":"Stephen","email":"shartwell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":739772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kluesner, Jared W. 0000-0003-1701-8832 jkluesner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-8832","contributorId":201261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kluesner","given":"Jared","email":"jkluesner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":739773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70197303,"text":"ofr20181090 - 2018 - Evaluation of social attraction measures to establish Forster’s tern (Sterna forsteri) nesting colonies for the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, San Francisco Bay, California—2017 Annual Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-01T08:38:40","indexId":"ofr20181090","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1090","displayTitle":"Evaluation of social attraction measures to establish Forster’s tern (Sterna forsteri) nesting colonies for the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, San Francisco Bay, California—2017 Annual Report","title":"Evaluation of social attraction measures to establish Forster’s tern (Sterna forsteri) nesting colonies for the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, San Francisco Bay, California—2017 Annual Report","docAbstract":"Forster’s terns (Sterna forsteri), historically one of the most numerous colonial-breeding waterbirds in South San Francisco Bay, California, have had recent decreases in the number of nesting colonies and overall breeding population size. The South Bay Salt Pond (SBSP) Restoration Project aims to restore 50–90 percent of former salt evaporation ponds to tidal marsh habitat in South San Francisco Bay. This restoration will remove much of the historical island nesting habitat used by Forster’s terns, American avocets (Recurvirostra americana), and other waterbirds. To address this issue, the SBSP Restoration Project organized the construction of new nesting islands in managed ponds that will not be restored to tidal marsh, thereby providing enduring island nesting habitat for waterbirds. In 2012, 16 new islands were constructed in Pond A16 in the Alviso complex of the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge, increasing the number of islands in this pond from 4 to 20. However, despite a history of nesting on the four historical islands in Pond A16 before 2012, no Forster’s terns have nested in Pond A16 since the new islands were constructed.
In 2017, we used social attraction measures (decoys and electronic call systems) to attract Forster’s terns to islands within Pond A16 to re-establish nesting colonies. We maintained these systems from March through August 2017. To evaluate the effect of these social attraction measures, we also completed waterbird surveys between April and August, where we recorded the number and location of all Forster’s terns and other waterbirds using Pond A16, and monitored waterbird nests. We compared bird survey and nest monitoring data collected in 2017 to data collected in 2015 and 2016, prior to the implementation of social attraction measures, allowing for direct evaluation of social attraction efforts on Forster’s terns.
To increase the visibility and stakeholder involvement of this project, we engaged in multiple outreach activities, including the development of a project web site (https://apps.usgs.gov/shorebirds/) and educational video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-IaZD0YlAvM&feature=youtu.be); publication of a popular article (http://www.sfestuary.org/estuary-news-caspian-push-and-pull/); and public presentations to relay findings to managers, stakeholders, and the general public.
The relative number of Forster’s terns using Pond A16, after adjusting for the overall South San Francisco Bay breeding population each year, was higher during the nesting period in 2017 (after social attraction was used) than in 2015 and 2016 (before social attraction was used). Furthermore, in 2017, more Forster’s terns were observed in the areas of Pond A16 where decoys and call systems were deployed during the pre-nesting and nesting periods. Although no Forster’s tern nests were recorded in Pond A16 before (2015, 2016) or after (2017) implementation of social attraction measures, bird survey results indicate that Forster’s terns were attracted to areas within Pond A16 where decoys and call systems were deployed, suggesting that terns may have been prospecting for future breeding sites. As social attraction efforts often benefit from multiple years of decoy and call system deployment, these first-year results suggest that continued implementation of social attraction measures could help to re-establish Forster’s tern breeding colonies in Pond A16 and other areas of South San Francisco Bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181090","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory","usgsCitation":"Hartman, C.A., Ackerman, J.T., Herzog, M.P., Wang, Y., and Strong, C., 2018, Evaluation of social attraction measures to establish Forster’s tern (Sterna forsteri) nesting colonies for the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, San Francisco Bay, California—2017 annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1090, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181090.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-096847","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354652,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1090/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":354653,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1090/ofr20181090.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1090"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.15492248535156,\n 37.38379840307495\n ],\n [\n -121.89674377441405,\n 37.38379840307495\n ],\n [\n -121.89674377441405,\n 37.555465068186955\n ],\n [\n -122.15492248535156,\n 37.555465068186955\n ],\n [\n -122.15492248535156,\n 37.38379840307495\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
This study uses an airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) survey, historical aerial photography and historical climate data to describe the character and dynamics of the Nogahabara Sand Dunes, a sub-Arctic dune field in interior Alaska’s discontinuous permafrost zone. The Nogahabara Sand Dunes consist of a 43-km2 area of active transverse and barchanoid dunes within a 3200-km2 area of vegetated dune and sand sheet deposits. The average dune height in the active portion of the dune field is 5.8 m, with a maximum dune height of 28 m. Dune spacing is variable with average crest-to-crest distances for select transects ranging from 66–132 m. Between 1952 and 2015, dunes migrated at an average rate of 0.52 m a−1. Dune movement was greatest between 1952 and 1978 (0.68 m a−1) and least between 1978 and 2015 (0.43 m a−1). Dunes migrated predominantly to the southeast; however, along the dune field margin, net migration was towards the edge of the dune field regardless of heading. Better constraining the processes controlling dune field dynamics at the Nogahabara dunes would provide information that can be used to model possible reactivation of more northerly dune fields and sand sheets in response to climate change, shifting fire regimes and permafrost thaw.
","language":"English","publisher":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","doi":"10.3390/rs10050792","usgsCitation":"Baughman, C., Jones, B.M., Bodony, K.L., Mann, D.H., Larsen, C.F., Himmelstoss, E., and Smith, J., 2018, Remotely sensing the morphometrics and dynamics of a cold region dune field using historical aerial photography and airborne LiDAR data: Remote Sensing, v. 10, no. 5, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10050792.","productDescription":"Article 792; 19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","ipdsId":"IP-082492","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10050792","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fc444e4b0f5d57878ea3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baughman, Carson 0000-0002-9423-9324 cbaughman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9423-9324","contributorId":169657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baughman","given":"Carson","email":"cbaughman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodony, Karin L.","contributorId":206563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bodony","given":"Karin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mann, Daniel H.","contributorId":67010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larsen, Christopher F.","contributorId":147408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larsen","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6695,"text":"UAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Himmelstoss, Emily A. ehimmelstoss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelstoss","given":"Emily A.","email":"ehimmelstoss@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":741128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, Jeremy","contributorId":62919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Jeremy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70200590,"text":"70200590 - 2018 - The Mystic subterrane (partly) demystified: New data from the Farewell terrane and adjacent rocks, interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T11:50:24","indexId":"70200590","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-30T11:50:16","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Mystic subterrane (partly) demystified: New data from the Farewell terrane and adjacent rocks, interior Alaska","docAbstract":"The youngest part of the Farewell terrane in interior Alaska (USA) is the enigmatic Devonian–Cretaceous Mystic subterrane. New U-Pb detrital zircon, fossil, geochemical, neodymium isotopic, and petrographic data illuminate the origin of the rocks of this subterrane. The Devonian–Permian Sheep Creek Formation yielded youngest detrital zircons of Devonian age, major detrital zircon age probability peaks between ca. 460 and 405 Ma, and overall age spectra like those from the underlying Dillinger subterrane. Samples are sandstones rich in sedimentary lithic clasts, and differ from approximately coeval strata to the east that have abundant volcanic lithic clasts and late Paleozoic detrital zircons. The Permian Mount Dall conglomerate has mainly carbonate and chert clasts and yielded youngest detrital zircons of latest Pennsylvanian age. Permian quartz-carbonate sandstone in the northern Farewell terrane yielded abundant middle to late Permian detrital zircons.
Late Triassic–Early Jurassic mafic igneous rocks occur in the central and eastern Mystic subterrane. New whole-rock geochemical and isotopic data indicate that magmas were rift related and derived from subcontinental mantle. Triassic and Jurassic strata have detrital zircon age spectra much like those of the Sheep Creek Formation, with major age populations between ca. 430 and 410 Ma. These rocks include conglomerate with clasts of carbonate ± chert and youngest detrital zircons of Late Triassic age and quartz-carbonate sandstone with youngest detrital zircons of Early Jurassic age. Lithofacies indicating highly productive oceanographic conditions (upwelling?) bracket the main part of the Mystic succession: Upper Devonian bedded barite and phosphatic Upper Devonian and Lower Jurassic rocks.
The youngest part of the Mystic subterrane consists of Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian–Aptian) limestone, calcareous sandstone, and related strata. These rocks are partly coeval with the oldest parts of the Kahiltna assemblage, an overlap succession exposed along the southern margin of the Farewell terrane.
Our findings support previous models suggesting that the Farewell terrane was proximal to the Alexander-Wrangellia-Peninsular composite terrane during the late Paleozoic, and further suggest that such proximity continued into (or recurred during) the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic. But middle to late Permian detrital zircons in northern Farewell require another source; the Yukon-Tanana terrane is one possibility.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01588.1","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., Jones, J.V., Box, S.E., Bradley, D., Ayuso, R.A., and O’Sullivan, P.B., 2018, The Mystic subterrane (partly) demystified: New data from the Farewell terrane and adjacent rocks, interior Alaska: Geosphere, v. 14, no. 4, p. 1501-1543, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01588.1.","productDescription":"43 p.","startPage":"1501","endPage":"1543","ipdsId":"IP-095640","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468720,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01588.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7765DN7","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"U-Pb Isotopic Data and Ages of Detrital Zircon Grains, Whole Rock Major and Trace-element Geochemistry, and Whole Rock Isotopic Data from Selected Rocks from the Western Alaska Range, Medfra area, and Livengood area, Alaska"},{"id":358807,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"14","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a9abe4b034bf6a7e53b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, James V. III 0000-0002-6602-5935 jvjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6602-5935","contributorId":201245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jvjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Box, Stephen E. 0000-0002-5268-8375 sbox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-8375","contributorId":1843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Box","given":"Stephen","email":"sbox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’Sullivan, Paul B.","contributorId":193544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Sullivan","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}