{"pageNumber":"857","pageRowStart":"21400","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68934,"records":[{"id":70047277,"text":"70047277 - 2009 - Coldwater fish in large standing waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T14:34:52.509732","indexId":"70047277","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"7","title":"Coldwater fish in large standing waters","docAbstract":"

Large coldwater lakes are defined here as standing freshwater bodies with surface area greater than 200 ha that support coldwater fishes such as trouts and salmons throughout the year. These large water bodies can be exposed to extensive wind fetch, which will affect the timing, mobility, and safety of personnel and gear. These considerations become important constraints for deploying, locating, and retrieving sampling gear. Wind and wave energy affect the timing, duration, and stability of thermal stratification, and they can create transient upwellings, thermal fronts, seiches, and other internal waves that affect vertical and horizontal thermal structure and dissolved oxygen availability.

Thermal stratification affects seasonal distribution and productivity patterns for most aquatic organisms. When waters are destratified, movements and distributions of fishes can vary considerably, particularly during thermocline formation in spring and destratification during autumn. During thermal stratification, species with similar thermal responses tend to concentrate more predictably within certain depth-temperature strata, and segregate from species with different thermal responses. In mesotrophic and eutrophic lakes, hypoxia below the thermocline (sometimes encroaching into the thermocline) forces coldwater fishes into shallower, warmer depths than they would otherwise inhabit. Seasonal and diel changes in light and turbidity conditions affect the activity levels, behaviors, and distributions of fishes (e.g., schooling, diel vertical or horizontal migrations, refuge-seeking) and influence their ability to detect and evade certain types of sampling gear, such as gill nets and trawls.

Major tributaries and outlets can form habitat conditions that differ considerably from the rest of the littoral zone. Tributary mouths form shallow sand-silt deltas with perceptible flow-through channels and groundwater inflows. Localized thermal pockets can develop if the temperature from incoming surface plumes or groundwater differs substantially from the lake water. Inlets are also point sources for recruitment and for delivering turbidity or prey generated from stream, riparian, or terrestrial sources. Because these habitat features tend to attract fishes, inlets and outlets should generally be considered distinct strata in a lake sampling program.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.47886/9781934874103.ch7","usgsCitation":"Beauchamp, D.A., Parrish, D., and Whaley, R.A., 2009, Coldwater fish in large standing waters, chap. 7 of Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes, p. 97-117, https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874103.ch7.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"117","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":611,"text":"Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275514,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f78ee4e4b02e26443a9354","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509417,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, Wayne A.","contributorId":9325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509418,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willis, David W.","contributorId":55313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509419,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Beauchamp, David A. 0000-0002-3592-8381 fadave@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-8381","contributorId":4205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"David","email":"fadave@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parrish, Donna L. dparrish@usgs.gov","contributorId":3559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"Donna L.","email":"dparrish@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":611,"text":"Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whaley, Roy A.","contributorId":58922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whaley","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047268,"text":"70047268 - 2009 - An introduction to standardized sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T14:08:50.371819","indexId":"70047268","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"1","title":"An introduction to standardized sampling","docAbstract":"

It was probably one of the oddest riots in the history of the United States. In Erie, Pennsylvania during 1853. federal marshals were called to restore order during bloody uprisings. A mob of women, equipped with sledgehammers, was tearing up railroad rack to protest standardization of track width (Nesmith 1985). All across the United States, standardization of rail gauges was talking place to improve transportation across the country,but many people did not want consistency. Jobs moving freight from, a train running on one gauge of track to a train running on another gauge were plentiful at this time, and standardization would mean these jobs would disappear. Fortunately, for us today, the riots were quelled and standardization of railroad tack gauges went ahead. The magnificent transportation system of North America was aided by the standardization of rails, contributing to robust economies.

\n

Standardization of industrial processes, languages, measurements, and data collection methods has been essential for world progress (Figure 1.1). Today , we are often unaware of the degree of standardization of the most basic elements of our society--from bolts and nuts where thread sizes are standard to computer components that can be used interchangeably to the standard sizes of photos we carry in our wallets or purses. Data collection and presentation are standardized in many disciplines, including medicine, meteorology, geology, and water chemistry. For example, our cholesterol, body temperature, and blood pressure are measured by standard medical tests and compared to averages calculated from the results of the same standard tests for many other people to determine if individuals are higher, lower, or average compared to the population in general.  If these diagnostic tests were not standardized, it is unlikely that we would be able to evaluate eve the most basic data about our health. In fact, if standardization was not used in countless other facets of our society our lives would be much more difficult. 

\n

For data collection purposes, standardization means to collect data in one way so comparisons can be easily made. Although routine data collection has been standardized in many other disciplines, data from freshwater fish sampling across North America have not. Previously, most data collection has been standardized only at local, state, and provincial levels (Bonar and Hubert 2002).

\n

Several years ago, when one of the authors (Bonar) was a biologist for a state agency, he was asked to compile as much data as he could about the state's warmwater fish communities to provide information to managers developing fishing regulations. These data had been collected by many biologists over time using different methods, including rotenone, electrofishing, gill netting, and hook-and-line sampling. Data were written carefully on detailed data sheets or in scribbled notes in a biologists's notebook. As you can imagine, these data were a nightmare to compile. However, they were even worse to interpret.

\n

How could length-frequency distributions be compared among lakes if the methods used to catch the fish were dissimilar with differing efficiencies in sampling fish of various species and lengths? How could catch per unit effort (CPUE), a common index of population density, be compared when samples were collected one year using fyke nets and the next year by electrofishing? Ultimately, how could one compare if fish population were high, low, or average in growth, body condition, or abundance if there was no compilation of distributions of standard data to facilitate comparison?

\n

Months were spent trying to interpret these data, and finally a body of comparable data gathered by similar methods was assimilated. However, much of the nonstandard data had to be discarded--data that had taken thousands of hours to collect but were essentially useless. If all data jhad been collected and recorded in a standard manner, whoch would have required very little extra work, all of these hours of survey effort would not have gone to naught and isights regardimng the fisheries would have been imporived by a larger number of samples.

\n

 

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.47886/9781934874103.ch1","usgsCitation":"Bonar, S.A., Contreras-Balderas, S., and Iles, A.C., 2009, An introduction to standardized sampling, chap. 1 of Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874103.ch1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":127,"text":"Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275501,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f78ee3e4b02e26443a934d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509408,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, Wayne A.","contributorId":9325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509409,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willis, David W.","contributorId":55313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509410,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A.","contributorId":79617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Contreras-Balderas, Salvador","contributorId":35956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Contreras-Balderas","given":"Salvador","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iles, Alison C.","contributorId":7546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iles","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047269,"text":"70047269 - 2009 - Warmwater fish in small standing waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T14:19:06.779498","indexId":"70047269","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"2","title":"Warmwater fish in small standing waters","docAbstract":"

This chapter describes standardized sampling techniques for routine monitoring and population assessment of warmwater sport and prey fishes in small standing water bodies. Although water temperature regulates growth, survival, and reproduction of fishes, there are no specific criteria that define a warmwater fish community. Dodds (2002) noted that warmwater fish communities tend to be dominated by sunfishes, temperate basses, and catfishes. Perches and pikes are common to coolwater fish communities, and trouts and salmons are characteristic of coldwater fish communities. For this chapter, we focus on species that prefer water temperatures greater than 15°C. Coolwater fishes that are important in small natural lakes or impoundments and not incorporated in other chapters are also included.

As with warmwater fish, there is also no stringent definition of a small standing water body. Small standing waters generally contain less complex habitats and fish communities than large standing waters. For this chapter, an area of 200 ha was selected as the maximum surface area for small standing waters, but surface-area designations may vary regionally. Other than a strict definition based on surface area, the manageability of less complex fish communities in small water bodies along with differences in their physical and limnological characteristics, as described below, help separate them from larger water bodies.

On a broad scale, there are four generic types of small standing water bodies: impoundments (ponds), natural lakes, excavated pits, and dugouts. An impoundment is created by damming a perennial, intermittent, or ephemeral stream in a watershed. A natural lake is a depression in the landscape that gathers water, either by seepage, runoff, direct precipitation, or a combination of sources. An excavated pit results from groundwater seepage into an excavated site that was mined for gravel, sand, rock, or fill for construction. A dugout (referred to as a tank in the Southwest) is created by collection of surface water or well water in an excavated site built for the purpose of watering livestock.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.47886/9781934874103.ch2","usgsCitation":"Pope, K.L., Neumann, R.M., and Bryan, S.D., 2009, Warmwater fish in small standing waters, chap. 2 of Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes, p. 13-27, https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874103.ch2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":463,"text":"Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275504,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f78eeee4b02e26443a93e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687 kpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":1574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"kpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neumann, Robert M.","contributorId":54014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neumann","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bryan, Scott D.","contributorId":61728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034426,"text":"70034426 - 2009 - Metal contamination and post-remediation recovery in the Boulder River watershed, Jefferson County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T07:49:26","indexId":"70034426","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1758,"text":"Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metal contamination and post-remediation recovery in the Boulder River watershed, Jefferson County, Montana","docAbstract":"

The legacy of acid mine drainage and toxic trace metals left in streams by historical mining is being addressed by many important yet costly remediation efforts. Monitoring of environmental conditions frequently is not performed but is essential to evaluate remediation effectiveness, determine whether clean-up goals have been met, and assess which remediation strategies are most effective. Extensive pre- and post-remediation data for water and sediment quality for the Boulder River watershed in southwestern Montana provide an unusual opportunity to demonstrate the importance of monitoring. The most extensive restoration in the watershed occurred at the Comet mine on High Ore Creek and resulted in the most dramatic improvement in aquatic habitat. Removal of contaminated sediment and tailings, and stream-channel reconstruction reduced Cd and Zn concentrations in water such that fish are now present, and reduced metal concentrations in streambed sediment by a factor of c. 10, the largest improvement in the district. Waste removals at the Buckeye/Enterprise and Bullion mine sites produced limited or no improvement in water and sediment quality, and acidic drainage from mine adits continues to degrade stream aquatic habitat. Recontouring of hillslopes that had funnelled runoff into the workings of the Crystal mine substantially reduced metal concentrations in Uncle Sam Gulch, but did not eliminate all of the acidic adit drainage. Lead isotopic evidence suggests that the Crystal mine rather than the Comet mine is now the largest source of metals in streambed sediment of the Boulder River. The completed removal actions prevent additional contaminants from entering the stream, but it may take many years for erosional processes to diminish the effects of contaminated sediment already in streams. Although significant strides have been made, additional efforts to seal draining adits or treat the adit effluent at the Bullion and Crystal mines would need to be completed to achieve the desired restoration.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/1467-7873/09-191","issn":"14677873","usgsCitation":"Unruh, D.M., Church, S.E., Nimick, D.A., and Fey, D.L., 2009, Metal contamination and post-remediation recovery in the Boulder River watershed, Jefferson County, Montana: Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, v. 9, no. 2, p. 179-199, https://doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/09-191.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"199","costCenters":[{"id":102,"text":"Abandoned Mine Lands Initiative","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487187,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Metal_contamination_and_post-remediation_recovery_in_the_Boulder_River_watershed_Jefferson_County_Montana/3454634","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Boulder River watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.4066162109375, 46.2 ], [ -111.79412841796875, 46.2 ], [ -111.79412841796875, 46.5720787149159 ], [ -112.4066162109375, 46.5720787149159 ], [ -112.4066162109375, 46.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5476e4b0c8380cd6cfab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Unruh, Daniel M.","contributorId":181915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Unruh","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Church, Stanley E","contributorId":121086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nimick, David A. dnimick@usgs.gov","contributorId":421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","email":"dnimick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047275,"text":"70047275 - 2009 - Coldwater fish in small standing waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-30T12:52:49.178743","indexId":"70047275","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"6","title":"Coldwater fish in small standing waters","docAbstract":"

This chapter describes standard techniques for sampling coldwater fishes in small standing waters. Within the context of this book, coldwater fish species are those that prefer water temperatures less than 15°C, and small standing waters are lakes and reservoirs where surface area is less than 200 ha. Chapter 7 of this book describes sampling coldwater fishes in large standing waters (i.e., surface area > 200 ha). The criterion that separates small and large waters is arbitrary and does not imply that different methods are required depending on, for example, whether a lake is 199 or 201 ha. Two chapters are dedicated to sampling coldwater fishes in standing waters because lake size varies by several orders of magnitude and some differences in sampling methods are needed to achieve efficient sampling at both ends of the lake-size continuum. Although it is clear that some differences in methods are necessary to accommodate extremes in lake sizes, it is not clear when the transition from methods for small lakes to methods for large lakes should apply. To bridge this gap, we describe methods of sampling coldwater fish in small lakes and reservoirs that are compatible with a subset of the methods proposed for coldwater fish in large lakes and reservoirs (see Chapter 7).

The method proposed for sampling coldwater fish in small standing waters is depth-stratified summer gill netting. We acknowledge that coldwater species often inhabit the same lakes and reservoirs as warmwater fish. Thermal stratification during summer influences the depth distribution of coldwater and warmwater species, and a depth-stratified survey can sample both temperature guilds. For this reason, gill-netting methods for sampling coldwater fishes have been chosen so that they are compatible with gill-netting methods proposed for sampling warmwater fishes (i.e., Chapters 2 and 3).

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.47886/9781934874103.ch6","usgsCitation":"Lester, N.P., Bailey, P.E., and Hubert, W.A., 2009, Coldwater fish in small standing waters, chap. 6 of Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes, p. 85-96, https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874103.ch6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"96","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":683,"text":"Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275513,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f78ee4e4b02e26443a9358","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509414,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, Wayne A.","contributorId":9325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509415,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willis, David W.","contributorId":55313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509416,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Lester, Nigel P.","contributorId":101544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lester","given":"Nigel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, Paul E.","contributorId":90088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hubert, Wayne A.","contributorId":9325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034892,"text":"70034892 - 2009 - The use of fluoride as a natural tracer in water and the relationship to geological features: Examples from the Animas River Watershed, San Juan Mountains, Silverton, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-30T12:24:36.745906","indexId":"70034892","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1758,"text":"Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of fluoride as a natural tracer in water and the relationship to geological features: Examples from the Animas River Watershed, San Juan Mountains, Silverton, Colorado","docAbstract":"Investigations within the Silverton caldera, in southwestern Colorado, used a combination of traditional geological mapping, alteration-assemblage mapping, and aqueous geochemical sampling that showed a relationship between geological and hydrologic features that may be used to better understand the provenance and evolution of the water. Veins containing fluorite, huebnerite, and elevated molybdenum concentrations are temporally and perhaps genetically associated with the emplacement of high-silica rhyolite intrusions. Both the rhyolites and the fluorite-bearing veins produce waters containing elevated concentrations of F-, K and Be. The identification of water samples with elevated F/Cl molar ratios (> 10) has also aided in the location of water draining F-rich sources, even after these waters have been diluted substantially. These unique aqueous geochemical signatures can be used to relate water chemistry to key geological features and mineralized source areas. Two examples that illustrate this relationship are: (1) surface-water samples containing elevated F-concentrations (> 1.8 mg/l) that closely bracket the extent of several small high-silica rhyolite intrusions; and (2) water samples containing elevated concentrations of F-(> 1.8 mg/ l) that spatially relate to mines or areas that contain late-stage fluorite/huebnerite veins. In two additional cases, the existence of high F-concentrations in water can be used to: (1) infer interaction of the water with mine waste derived from systems known to contain the fluorite/huebnerite association; and (2) relate changes in water quality over time at a high elevation mine tunnel to plugging of a lower elevation mine tunnel and the subsequent rise of the water table into mineralized areas containing fluorite/huebnerite veining. Thus, the unique geochemical signature of the water produced from fluorite veins indicates the location of high-silica rhyolites, mines, and mine waste containing the veins. Existence of high F-concentrations along with K and Be in water in combination with other geological evidence may be used to better understand the provenance of the water. ?? 2009 AAG/Geological Society of London.","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/1467-7873/09-197","issn":"14677873","usgsCitation":"Bove, D.J., Walton-Day, K., and Kimball, B.A., 2009, The use of fluoride as a natural tracer in water and the relationship to geological features: Examples from the Animas River Watershed, San Juan Mountains, Silverton, Colorado: Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, v. 9, no. 2, p. 125-138, https://doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/09-197.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Animas River watershed, San Juan Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.9571533203125,\n 37.75877280300828\n ],\n [\n -107.40509033203125,\n 37.75877280300828\n ],\n [\n -107.40509033203125,\n 38.048091067457236\n ],\n [\n -107.9571533203125,\n 38.048091067457236\n ],\n [\n -107.9571533203125,\n 37.75877280300828\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb185e4b08c986b325316","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bove, Dana J. dbove@usgs.gov","contributorId":4855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bove","given":"Dana","email":"dbove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":448191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193 kwaltond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":184043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","email":"kwaltond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047287,"text":"70047287 - 2009 - Warmwater and coldwater fish in two-story stranding waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T15:02:29.061968","indexId":"70047287","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"10","title":"Warmwater and coldwater fish in two-story stranding waters","docAbstract":"

Two-story fisheries occur in lakes or reservoirs characterized by two distinct spatial strata, warmwater and coldwater. These strata develop as the system begins to warm in the spring or summer in response to solar radiation and then separate into an upper warmwater stratum (epilimnion, hereafter referred to as the upper stratum) and a lower coldwater stratum (hypolimnion, hereafter referred to as the lower stratum) separated by the thermocline, a zone of rapidly declining temperatures with depth (i.e., stratification; Figure 10.1). Each stratum or story is dominated by fish species with different physiological constraints, dietary preferences, and behavior.

The original use of the term “two-story” described lentic systems in which the lower stratum was less than 21°C during summer and dominated by stocked salmonids, the upper stratum was dominated by sunfishes or perches, and attempts were made to simultaneously manage both strata as sport fisheries (e.g., Jones 1982). However, the terminology is now used more generally to describe any two-stratum system where a coldwater species dominates the lower stratum, often piscivores; a warmwater species dominates the upper stratum, often a planktivore or omnivore; and both contribute to the sport fishery. In general, the upper stratum is characterized by a large, relatively shallow, littoral zone where a diverse assemblage of fishes interact with the bottom, whereas the lower stratum is characterized as deep and pelagic with fewer fish species.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.47886/9781934874103.ch10","usgsCitation":"Budy, P.E., Thiede, G.P., Luecke, C., and Schneidervin, R.W., 2009, Warmwater and coldwater fish in two-story stranding waters, chap. 10 of Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes, p. 159-170, https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874103.ch10.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"170","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":609,"text":"Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275543,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f78eede4b02e26443a93db","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509429,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, Wayne A.","contributorId":9325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509430,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willis, David W.","contributorId":55313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509431,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Budy, Phaedra E. pbudy@usgs.gov","contributorId":2232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"Phaedra","email":"pbudy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":322,"text":"Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thiede, Gary P.","contributorId":9154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiede","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luecke, Chris","contributorId":18651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luecke","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schneidervin, Roger W.","contributorId":37621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneidervin","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036664,"text":"70036664 - 2009 - Bacterial and archaeal phylogenetic diversity of a cold sulfur-rich spring on the shoreline of Lake Erie, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70036664","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bacterial and archaeal phylogenetic diversity of a cold sulfur-rich spring on the shoreline of Lake Erie, Michigan","docAbstract":"Studies of sulfidic springs have provided new insights into microbial metabolism, groundwater biogeochemistry, and geologic processes. We investigated Great Sulphur Spring on the western shore of Lake Erie and evaluated the phylogenetic affiliations of 189 bacterial and 77 archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences from three habitats: the spring origin (11-m depth), bacterial-algal mats on the spring pond surface, and whitish filamentous materials from the spring drain. Water from the spring origin water was cold, pH 6.3, and anoxic (H2, 5.4 nM; CH4, 2.70 ??M) with concentrations of S2- (0.03 mM), SO42- (14.8 mM), Ca2+ (15.7 mM), and HCO3- (4.1 mM) similar to those in groundwater from the local aquifer. No archaeal and few bacterial sequences were >95% similar to sequences of cultivated organisms. Bacterial sequences were largely affiliated with sulfur-metabolizing or chemolithotrophic taxa in Beta-, Gamma-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria. Epsilonproteobacteria sequences similar to those obtained from other sulfidic environments and a new clade of Cyanobacteria sequences were particularly abundant (16% and 40%, respectively) in the spring origin clone library. Crenarchaeota sequences associated with archaeal-bacterial consortia in whitish filaments at a German sulfidic spring were detected only in a similar habitat at Great Sulphur Spring. This study expands the geographic distribution of many uncultured Archaea and Bacteria sequences to the Laurentian Great Lakes, indicates possible roles for epsilonproteobacteria in local aquifer chemistry and karst formation, documents new oscillatorioid Cyanobacteria lineages, and shows that uncultured, cold-adapted Crenarchaeota sequences may comprise a significant part of the microbial community of some sulfidic environments. Copyright ?? 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1128/AEM.00112-09","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Chaudhary, A., Haack, S., Duris, J., and Marsh, T., 2009, Bacterial and archaeal phylogenetic diversity of a cold sulfur-rich spring on the shoreline of Lake Erie, Michigan: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 75, no. 15, p. 5025-5036, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00112-09.","startPage":"5025","endPage":"5036","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476384,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00112-09","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217476,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00112-09"},{"id":245427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef9be4b0c8380cd4a34d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaudhary, A.","contributorId":90141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaudhary","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haack, S.K.","contributorId":26457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duris, J.W.","contributorId":62835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duris","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marsh, T.L.","contributorId":84193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037014,"text":"70037014 - 2009 - The changing global carbon cycle: Linking plant-soil carbon dynamics to global consequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-24T13:47:42","indexId":"70037014","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The changing global carbon cycle: Linking plant-soil carbon dynamics to global consequences","docAbstract":"

Most current climate-carbon cycle models that include the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle are based on a model developed 40 years ago by Woodwell & Whittaker (1968) and omit advances in biogeochemical understanding since that time. Their model treats net C emissions from ecosystems as the balance between net primary production (NPP) and heterotrophic respiration (HR, i.e. primarily decomposition).

\n

Under conditions near steady state, geographic patterns of decomposition closely match those of NPP, and net C emissions are adequately described as a simple balance of NPP and HR (the Woodwell-Whittaker model). This close coupling between NPP and HR occurs largely because of tight coupling between C and N (nitrogen) cycles and because NPP constrains the food available to heterotrophs.

\n

Processes in addition to NPP and HR become important to understanding net C emissions from ecosystems under conditions of rapid changes in climate, hydrology, atmospheric CO2, land cover, species composition and/or N deposition. Inclusion of these processes in climate-C cycle models would improve their capacity to simulate recent and future climatic change.

\n

Processes that appear critical to soil C dynamics but warrant further research before incorporation into ecosystem models include below-ground C flux and its partitioning among roots, mycorrhizas and exudates; microbial community effects on C sequestration; and the effects of temperature and labile C on decomposition. The controls over and consequences of these processes are still unclear at the ecosystem scale.

\n

Carbon fluxes in addition to NPP and HR exert strong influences over the climate system under conditions of rapid change. These fluxes include methane release, wildfire, and lateral transfers of food and fibre among ecosystems.

\n

Water and energy exchanges are important complements to C cycle feedbacks to the climate system, particularly under non-steady-state conditions. An integrated understanding of multiple ecosystem-climate feedbacks provides a strong foundation for policies to mitigate climate change.

\n

Synthesis. Current climate systems models that include only NPP and HR are inadequate under conditions of rapid change. Many of the recent advances in biogeochemical understanding are sufficiently mature to substantially improve representation of ecosystem C dynamics in these models.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01529.x","issn":"00220477","usgsCitation":"Chapin, F.S., McFarland, J., McGuire, D.A., Euskirchen, E., Ruess, R.W., and Kielland, K., 2009, The changing global carbon cycle: Linking plant-soil carbon dynamics to global consequences: Journal of Ecology, v. 97, no. 5, p. 840-850, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01529.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"840","endPage":"850","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476286,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01529.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217388,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01529.x"}],"volume":"97","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa16e4b08c986b322706","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapin, F. S. III","contributorId":16776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"F.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McFarland, J.","contributorId":7112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, David A.","contributorId":44677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Euskirchen, E.S.","contributorId":44737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euskirchen","given":"E.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ruess, Roger W.","contributorId":45483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruess","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kielland, K.","contributorId":98932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kielland","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70037269,"text":"70037269 - 2009 - The geology of Hotei Regio, Titan: Correlation of Cassini VIMS and RADAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T01:37:54.967446","indexId":"70037269","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geology of Hotei Regio, Titan: Correlation of Cassini VIMS and RADAR","docAbstract":"

Joint Cassini VIMS and RADAR SAR data of ∼700-km-wide Hotei Regio reveal a rich collection of geological features that correlate between the two sets of images. The degree of correlation is greater than anywhere else seen on Titan. Central to Hotei Regio is a basin filled with cryovolcanic flows that are anomalously bright in VIMS data (in particular at 5 μm) and quite variable in roughness in SAR. The edges of the flows are dark in SAR data and appear to overrun a VIMS-bright substrate. SAR-stereo topography shows the flows to be viscous, 100–200 m thick. On its southern edge the basin is ringed by higher (∼1 km) mountainous terrain. The mountains show mixed texture in SAR data: some regions are extremely rough, exhibit low and spectrally neutral albedo in VIMS data and may be partly coated with darker hydrocarbons. Around the southern margin of Hotei Regio, the SAR image shows several large, dendritic, radar-bright channels that flow down from the mountainous terrain and terminate in dark blue patches, seen in VIMS images, whose infrared color is consistent with enrichment in water ice. The patches are in depressions that we interpret to be filled with fluvial deposits eroded and transported by liquid methane in the channels. In the VIMS images the dark blue patches are encased in a latticework of lighter bands that we suggest to demark a set of circumferential and radial fault systems bounding structural depressions. Conceivably the circular features are tectonic structures that are remnant from an ancient impact structure. We suggest that impact-generated structures may have simply served as zones of weakness; no direct causal connection, such as impact-induced volcanism, is implied. We also speculate that two large dark features lying on the northern margin of Hotei Regio could be calderas. In summary the preservation of such a broad suite of VIMS infrared color variations and the detailed correlation with features in the SAR image and SAR topography evidence a complex set of geological processes (pluvial, fluvial, tectonic, cryovolcanic, impact) that have likely remained active up to very recent geological time (<104 year). That the cryovolcanic flows are excessively bright in the infrared, particularly at 5 μm, might signal ongoing geological activity. One study [Nelson, R.M., and 28 colleagues, 2009. Icarus 199, 429–441] reported significant 2-μm albedo changes in VIMS data for Hotei Arcus acquired between 2004 and 2006, that were interpreted as evidence for such activity. However in our review of that work, we do not agree that such evidence has yet been found.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2009.07.033","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Soderblom, L., Brown, R.H., Soderblom, J., Barnes, J.W., Kirk, R.L., Sotin, C., Jaumann, R., MacKinnon, D.J., Mackowski, D., Baines, K.H., Buratti, B.J., Clark, R.N., and Nicholson, P.D., 2009, The geology of Hotei Regio, Titan: Correlation of Cassini VIMS and RADAR: Icarus, v. 204, no. 2, p. 610-618, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2009.07.033.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"610","endPage":"618","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245000,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"204","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac6ce4b08c986b3234b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soderblom, J.M.","contributorId":31097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnes, J. W.","contributorId":14554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirk, R. L.","contributorId":94698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"MacKinnon, D. J.","contributorId":79145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKinnon","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mackowski, D.W.","contributorId":60886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mackowski","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70037280,"text":"70037280 - 2009 - On constraining pilot point calibration with regularization in PEST","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037280","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On constraining pilot point calibration with regularization in PEST","docAbstract":"Ground water model calibration has made great advances in recent years with practical tools such as PEST being instrumental for making the latest techniques available to practitioners. As models and calibration tools get more sophisticated, however, the power of these tools can be misapplied, resulting in poor parameter estimates and/or nonoptimally calibrated models that do not suit their intended purpose. Here, we focus on an increasingly common technique for calibrating highly parameterized numerical models - pilot point parameterization with Tikhonov regularization. Pilot points are a popular method for spatially parameterizing complex hydrogeologic systems; however, additional flexibility offered by pilot points can become problematic if not constrained by Tikhonov regularization. The objective of this work is to explain and illustrate the specific roles played by control variables in the PEST software for Tikhonov regularization applied to pilot points. A recent study encountered difficulties implementing this approach, but through examination of that analysis, insight into underlying sources of potential misapplication can be gained and some guidelines for overcoming them developed. ?? 2009 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00579.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Fienen, M., Muffels, C., and Hunt, R.J., 2009, On constraining pilot point calibration with regularization in PEST: Ground Water, v. 47, no. 6, p. 835-844, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00579.x.","startPage":"835","endPage":"844","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217228,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00579.x"},{"id":245155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6d7be4b0c8380cd75177","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fienen, M.N. 0000-0002-7756-4651","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":55230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"M.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muffels, C.T.","contributorId":65697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muffels","given":"C.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035933,"text":"70035933 - 2009 - Geochemistry of yukon and copper river tributaries, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035933","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geochemistry of yukon and copper river tributaries, Alaska","docAbstract":"Alaska is already beginning to be affected by changes in global climate which make it a good location to study the feedback effects between climate, the water cycle and the carbon cycle. Using river dissolved elements and Sr isotopes we examine changes and/or differences in chemical weathering between watersheds in predominantly permafrost areas and glacial watersheds. Tributaries of the Tanana, Yukon, Nenana and Copper rivers were sampled during the early snow melt in late May and the late permafrost/glacial melt period in September of 2007. Waters are predominantly CaHCO3-/SO4 which is typical of glaciated terrains. 87Sr/86Sr isotopes indicate three potential end-members, young basalts, radiogenic silicates and marine carbonates. The results are consistent with weathering observed in glaciated regions with trace calcites and salts dominating the dissolved load; however we have evidence for silicate weathering. Results also indicate that permafrost watersheds experience more progressive silicate weathering than glacial watersheds. ??2009 ASCE.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers","conferenceTitle":"World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers","conferenceDate":"17 May 2009 through 21 May 2009","conferenceLocation":"Kansas City, MO","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/41036(342)592","isbn":"9780784410363","usgsCitation":"Carney, M., Ellis, A., Bullen, T., and Langman, J., 2009, Geochemistry of yukon and copper river tributaries, Alaska, in Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers, v. 342, Kansas City, MO, 17 May 2009 through 21 May 2009, p. 5857-5863, https://doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)592.","startPage":"5857","endPage":"5863","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216499,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)592"},{"id":244374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"342","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a172ae4b0c8380cd553e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carney, M.","contributorId":40826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carney","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, A.","contributorId":10640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.","contributorId":102651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Langman, J.","contributorId":43199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035832,"text":"70035832 - 2009 - Use of heat to estimate streambed fluxes during extreme hydrologic events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T17:07:44","indexId":"70035832","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of heat to estimate streambed fluxes during extreme hydrologic events","docAbstract":"

Using heat as a tracer, quantitative estimates of streambed fluxes and the critical stage for flow reversal were calculated for high‐flow events that occurred on the Bogue Phalia (a tributary of the Mississippi River) following the 2005 Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. In June 2005, piezometers were installed in the Bogue Phalia upstream from the stream gage near Leland, Mississippi, to monitor temperature. Even with the hurricanes, precipitation in the Bogue Phalia Basin for the months of June to October 2005 was below normal, and consequently, streamflow was below the long‐term average. Temperature profiles from the piezometers indicate that the Bogue Phalia was a gaining stream during most of this time, but relatively static streambed temperatures suggested long‐term data was warranted for heat‐based estimates of flux. However, the hurricanes caused a pair of sharp rises in stream stage over short periods of time, increasing the potential for rapid heat‐based modeling and for identification of the critical stage for flow reversal into the streambed. Heat‐based modeling fits of simulated‐to‐measured sediment temperatures show that once a critical stage was surpassed, flow direction reversed into the streambed. Results of this study demonstrate the ability to constrain estimates of streambed water flux and the critical stage of flow reversal, with little available groundwater head data, by using heat as a tracer during extreme stage events.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006121","usgsCitation":"Barlow, J.R., and Coupe, R.H., 2009, Use of heat to estimate streambed fluxes during extreme hydrologic events: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 1, Article W01403; 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006121.","productDescription":"Article W01403; 10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf21e4b08c986b329989","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, Jeannie R.B.","contributorId":33965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Jeannie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coupe, Richard H. 0000-0001-8679-1015 rhcoupe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-1015","contributorId":551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"Richard","email":"rhcoupe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035451,"text":"70035451 - 2009 - The surface of Mars: An unusual laboratory that preserves a record of catastrophic and unusual events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035451","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The surface of Mars: An unusual laboratory that preserves a record of catastrophic and unusual events","docAbstract":"Catastrophic and unusual events on Earth such as bolide impacts, megafloods, supereruptions, flood volcanism, and subice volcanism may have devastating effects when they occur. Although these processes have unique characteristics and form distinctive features and deposits, we have diffi culties identifying them and measuring the magnitude of their effects. Our diffi culties with interpreting these processes and identifying their consequences are understandable considering their infrequency on Earth, combined with the low preservation potential of their deposits in the terrestrial rock record. Although we know these events do happen, they are infrequent enough that the deposits are poorly preserved on the geologically active face of the Earth, where erosion, volcanism, and tectonism constantly change the surface. Unlike the Earth, on Mars catastrophic and unusual features are well preserved because of the slow modifi cation of the surface. Signifi cant precipitation has not occurred on Mars for billions of years and there appears to be no discrete crustal plates to have undergone subduction and destruction. Therefore the ancient surface of Mars preserves geologic features and deposits that result from these extraordinary events. Also, unlike the other planets, Mars is the most similar to our own, having an atmosphere, surface ice, volcanism, and evidence of onceflowing water. So although our understanding of precursors, processes, and possible biological effects of catastrophic and unusual processes is limited on Earth, some of these mysteries may be better understood through investigating the surface of Mars. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.453(01)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Chapman, M.G., 2009, The surface of Mars: An unusual laboratory that preserves a record of catastrophic and unusual events: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 453, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.453(01).","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215528,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.453(01)"}],"issue":"453","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb0aae4b08c986b324fdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapman, M. G.","contributorId":105737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70035825,"text":"70035825 - 2009 - Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modelling (LUCHEM) II: Ensemble combinations and predictions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035825","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modelling (LUCHEM) II: Ensemble combinations and predictions","docAbstract":"This paper reports on a project to compare predictions from a range of catchment models applied to a mesoscale river basin in central Germany and to assess various ensemble predictions of catchment streamflow. The models encompass a large range in inherent complexity and input requirements. In approximate order of decreasing complexity, they are DHSVM, MIKE-SHE, TOPLATS, WASIM-ETH, SWAT, PRMS, SLURP, HBV, LASCAM and IHACRES. The models are calibrated twice using different sets of input data. The two predictions from each model are then combined by simple averaging to produce a single-model ensemble. The 10 resulting single-model ensembles are combined in various ways to produce multi-model ensemble predictions. Both the single-model ensembles and the multi-model ensembles are shown to give predictions that are generally superior to those of their respective constituent models, both during a 7-year calibration period and a 9-year validation period. This occurs despite a considerable disparity in performance of the individual models. Even the weakest of models is shown to contribute useful information to the ensembles they are part of. The best model combination methods are a trimmed mean (constructed using the central four or six predictions each day) and a weighted mean ensemble (with weights calculated from calibration performance) that places relatively large weights on the better performing models. Conditional ensembles, in which separate model weights are used in different system states (e.g. summer and winter, high and low flows) generally yield little improvement over the weighted mean ensemble. However a conditional ensemble that discriminates between rising and receding flows shows moderate improvement. An analysis of ensemble predictions shows that the best ensembles are not necessarily those containing the best individual models. Conversely, it appears that some models that predict well individually do not necessarily combine well with other models in multi-model ensembles. The reasons behind these observations may relate to the effects of the weighting schemes, non-stationarity of the climate series and possible cross-correlations between models. Crown Copyright ?? 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.05.006","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Viney, N., Bormann, H., Breuer, L., Bronstert, A., Croke, B., Frede, H., Graff, T., Hubrechts, L., Huisman, J.A., Jakeman, A., Kite, G., Lanini, J., Leavesley, G., Lettenmaier, D., Lindstrom, G., Seibert, J., Sivapalan, M., and Willems, P., 2009, Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modelling (LUCHEM) II: Ensemble combinations and predictions: Advances in Water Resources, v. 32, no. 2, p. 147-158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.05.006.","startPage":"147","endPage":"158","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216197,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.05.006"},{"id":244051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edebe4b0c8380cd49ade","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Viney, N.R.","contributorId":11850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viney","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bormann, H.","contributorId":66091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bormann","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Breuer, L.","contributorId":54814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breuer","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bronstert, A.","contributorId":98565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronstert","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Croke, B.F.W.","contributorId":52809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croke","given":"B.F.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Frede, H.","contributorId":94927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frede","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Graff, T.","contributorId":15803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graff","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hubrechts, L.","contributorId":54815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubrechts","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Huisman, J. A.","contributorId":86591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huisman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Jakeman, A.J.","contributorId":12639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakeman","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kite, G.W.","contributorId":42100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kite","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lanini, J.","contributorId":89745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanini","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Leavesley, G.","contributorId":90483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Lettenmaier, D.P.","contributorId":61175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lettenmaier","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Lindstrom, G.","contributorId":27292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindstrom","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Seibert, J.","contributorId":37513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seibert","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Sivapalan, M.","contributorId":59587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sivapalan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Willems, P.","contributorId":57685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willems","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":70035996,"text":"70035996 - 2009 - Incorporating both physical and kinetic limitations in quantifying dissolved oxygen flux to aquatic sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035996","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2255,"text":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporating both physical and kinetic limitations in quantifying dissolved oxygen flux to aquatic sediments","docAbstract":"Traditionally, dissolved oxygen (DO) fluxes have been calculated using the thin-film theory with DO microstructure data in systems characterized by fine sediments and low velocities. However, recent experimental evidence of fluctuating DO concentrations near the sediment-water interface suggests that turbulence and coherent motions control the mass transfer, and the surface renewal theory gives a more mechanistic model for quantifying fluxes. Both models involve quantifying the mass transfer coefficient (k) and the relevant concentration difference (??C). This study compared several empirical models for quantifying k based on both thin-film and surface renewal theories, as well as presents a new method for quantifying ??C (dynamic approach) that is consistent with the observed DO concentration fluctuations near the interface. Data were used from a series of flume experiments that includes both physical and kinetic uptake limitations of the flux. Results indicated that methods for quantifying k and ??C using the surface renewal theory better estimated the DO flux across a range of fluid-flow conditions. ?? 2009 ASCE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000093","issn":"07339372","usgsCitation":"O’Connor, B., Hondzo, M., and Harvey, J., 2009, Incorporating both physical and kinetic limitations in quantifying dissolved oxygen flux to aquatic sediments: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 135, no. 12, p. 1304-1314, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000093.","startPage":"1304","endPage":"1314","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216094,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000093"},{"id":243936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39e7e4b0c8380cd61a98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Connor, B.L.","contributorId":24977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hondzo, Miki","contributorId":11816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hondzo","given":"Miki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12693,"text":"Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering and St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, Minneapolis, MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":453527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037248,"text":"70037248 - 2009 - A comparison of pre- and post-remediation water quality, Mineral Creek, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T09:58:33","indexId":"70037248","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of pre- and post-remediation water quality, Mineral Creek, Colorado","docAbstract":"Pre- and post-remediation data sets are used herein to assess the effectiveness of remedial measures implemented in the headwaters of the Mineral Creek watershed, where contamination from hard rock mining has led to elevated metal concentrations and acidic pH. Collection of pre- and post-remediation data sets generally followed the synoptic mass balance approach, in which numerous stream and inflow locations are sampled for the constituents of interest and estimates of streamflow are determined by tracer dilution. The comparison of pre- and post-remediation data sets is confounded by hydrologic effects and the effects of temporal variation. Hydrologic effects arise due to the relatively wet conditions that preceded the collection of pre-remediation data, and the relatively dry conditions associated with the post-remediation data set. This difference leads to a dilution effect in the upper part of the study reach, where pre-remediation concentrations were diluted by rainfall, and a source area effect in the lower part of the study reach, where a smaller portion of the watershed may have been contributing constituent mass during the drier post-remediation period. A second confounding factor, temporal variability, violates the steady-state assumption that underlies the synoptic mass balance approach, leading to false identification of constituent sources and sinks. Despite these complications, remedial actions completed in the Mineral Creek headwaters appear to have led to improvements in stream water quality, as post-remediation profiles of instream load are consistently lower than the pre-remediation profiles over the entire study reach for six of the eight constituents considered (aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, copper, iron, and zinc). Concentrations of aluminium, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc remain above chronic aquatic-life standards, however, and additional remedial actions may be needed. Future implementations of the synoptic mass balance approach should be preceded by an assessment of temporal variability, and modifications to the synoptic sampling protocol should be made if necessary.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7427","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R., Bencala, K., Kimball, B.A., Walton-Day, K., and Verplanck, P., 2009, A comparison of pre- and post-remediation water quality, Mineral Creek, Colorado: Hydrological Processes, v. 23, no. 23, p. 3319-3333, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7427.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3319","endPage":"3333","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217225,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7427"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Mineral Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"23","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e370e4b0c8380cd46007","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bencala, K.E.","contributorId":105312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kimball, B. A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walton-Day, K.","contributorId":14054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verplanck, P. L. 0000-0002-3653-6419","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":106565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037244,"text":"70037244 - 2009 - Elevated naturally occurring arsenic in a semiarid oxidizing system, Southern High Plains aquifer, Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T10:13:20","indexId":"70037244","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elevated naturally occurring arsenic in a semiarid oxidizing system, Southern High Plains aquifer, Texas, USA","docAbstract":"

High groundwater As concentrations in oxidizing systems are generally associated with As adsorption onto hydrous metal (Al, Fe or Mn) oxides and mobilization with increased pH. The objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution, sources and mobilization mechanisms of As in the Southern High Plains (SHP) aquifer, Texas, relative to those in other semiarid, oxidizing systems. Elevated groundwater As levels are widespread in the southern part of the SHP (SHP-S) aquifer, with 47% of wells exceeding the current EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 μg/L (range 0.3–164 μg/L), whereas As levels are much lower in the north (SHP-N: 9% ⩾ As MCL of 10 μg/L; range 0.2–43 μg/L). The sharp contrast in As levels between the north and south coincides with a change in total dissolved solids (TDS) from 395 mg/L (median north) to 885 mg/L (median south). Arsenic is present as arsenate (As V) in this oxidizing system and is correlated with groundwater TDS (Spearman’s ρ = 0.57). The most likely current source of As is sorbed As onto hydrous metal oxides based on correlations between As and other oxyanion-forming elements (V, ρ = 0.88; Se, ρ = 0.54; B, ρ = 0.51 and Mo, ρ = 0.46). This source is similar to that in other oxidizing systems and constitutes a secondary source; the most likely primary source being volcanic ashes in the SHP aquifer or original source rocks in the Rockies, based on co-occurrence of As and F (ρ = 0.56), oxyanion-forming elements and SiO2 (ρ = 0.41), which are found in volcanic ashes. High groundwater As concentrations in some semiarid oxidizing systems are related to high evaporation. Although correlation of As with TDS in the SHP aquifer may suggest evaporative concentration, unenriched stable isotopes (δ2H: −65 to −27; δ18O: −9.1 to −4.2) in the SHP aquifer do not support evaporation. High TDS in the SHP aquifer is most likely related to upward movement of saline water from the underlying Triassic Dockum aquifer. Mobilization of As in other semiarid oxidizing systems is caused by increased pH; however, pH in the SHP aquifer is near neutral (10–90 percentiles, 7.0–7.6). Although many processes, such as competitive desorption with SiO2, VO4, or PO4, could be responsible for local mobilization of As in the SHP aquifer, the most plausible explanation for the regional As distribution and correlation with TDS is the counterion effect caused by a change from Ca- to Na-rich, water as shown by the high correlation between As and Na/(Ca)0.5 ratios (ρ = 0.57). This change in chemistry is related to mixing with saline water that moves upward from the underlying Dockum aquifer. This counterion effect may mobilize other anions and oxyanion-forming elements that are correlated with As (F, V, Se, B, Mo and SiO2). Competition among the oxyanions for sorption sites may enhance As mobilization. The SHP case study has similar As sources to those of other semiarid, oxidizing systems (original volcanic ash source followed by sorption onto hydrous metal oxides) but contrasts with these systems by showing lack of evaporative concentration and pH mobilization of As but counterion mobilization of As instead in the SHP-S aquifer.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.08.004","usgsCitation":"Scanlon, B., Nicot, J., Reedy, R., Kurtzman, D., Mukherjee, A., and Nordstrom, D.K., 2009, Elevated naturally occurring arsenic in a semiarid oxidizing system, Southern High Plains aquifer, Texas, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 11, p. 2061-2071, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.08.004.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2061","endPage":"2071","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Southern High Plains aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.040771484375,\n 36.18665862660454\n ],\n [\n -103.0517578125,\n 31.970803930433096\n ],\n [\n -102.974853515625,\n 31.541089879585808\n ],\n [\n -102.65625,\n 31.44741029142872\n ],\n [\n -100.8984375,\n 31.531726144517158\n ],\n [\n -100.78857421875,\n 31.886886525780806\n ],\n [\n -100.75561523437499,\n 32.61161640317033\n ],\n [\n -100.81054687499999,\n 33.128351191631566\n ],\n [\n -100.777587890625,\n 33.715201644740844\n ],\n [\n -100.6787109375,\n 34.1890858311724\n ],\n [\n -100.557861328125,\n 34.69646117272349\n ],\n [\n -100.601806640625,\n 35.03899204678081\n ],\n [\n -100.75561523437499,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -100.8544921875,\n 35.567980458012094\n ],\n [\n -101.00830078125,\n 35.85343961959182\n ],\n [\n -101.173095703125,\n 36.12900165569652\n ],\n [\n -101.370849609375,\n 36.36822190085111\n ],\n [\n -101.72241210937499,\n 36.4566360115962\n ],\n [\n -102.3046875,\n 36.47872381162464\n ],\n [\n -102.469482421875,\n 36.48314061639213\n ],\n [\n -102.6397705078125,\n 36.47872381162464\n ],\n [\n -102.74414062499999,\n 36.43454191900892\n ],\n [\n -102.9364013671875,\n 36.29741818650811\n ],\n [\n -103.040771484375,\n 36.18665862660454\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08c8e4b0c8380cd51c8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nicot, J.-P.","contributorId":103100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicot","given":"J.-P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reedy, R.C.","contributorId":80880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reedy","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kurtzman, D.","contributorId":98979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurtzman","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mukherjee, A.","contributorId":82832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mukherjee","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":460054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70035800,"text":"70035800 - 2009 - A robust, multisite Holocene history of drift ice off northern Iceland: Implications for North Atlantic climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035800","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1905,"text":"Holocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A robust, multisite Holocene history of drift ice off northern Iceland: Implications for North Atlantic climate","docAbstract":"An important indicator of Holocene climate change is provided by evidence for variations in the extent of drift ice. A proxy for drift ice in Iceland waters is provided by the presence of quartz. Quantitative x-ray diffraction analysis of the < 2 mm sediment fraction was undertaken on 16 cores from around Iceland. The quartz weight (wt.)% estimates from each core were integrated into 250-yr intervals between ????'0.05 and 11.7 cal. ka BP. Median quartz wt.% varied between 0.2 and 3.4 and maximum values ranged between 2.8 and 11.8 wt.%. High values were attained in the early Holocene and minimum values were reached 6 - 7 cal. ka BP. Quartz wt.% then rose steadily during the late Holocene. Our data exhibit no correlation with counts on haematite-stained quartz (HSQ) grains from VM129-191 west of Ireland casting doubt on the ice-transport origin. A pilot study on the provenance of Fe oxide grains in two cores that cover the last 1.3 and 6.1 cal. ka BP indicated a large fraction of the grains between 1 and 6 cal. ka BP were from either Icelandic or presently unsampled sources. However, there was a dramatic increase in Canadian and Russian sources from the Arctic Ocean ???1 cal. ka BP. These data may indicate the beginning of an Arctic Oscillation-like climate mode. ?? 2009 SAGE Publications.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Holocene","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1177/0959683608098953","issn":"09596836","usgsCitation":"Andrews, J.T., Darby, D., Eberle, D., Jennings, A.E., Moros, M., and Ogilvie, A., 2009, A robust, multisite Holocene history of drift ice off northern Iceland: Implications for North Atlantic climate: Holocene, v. 19, no. 1, p. 71-77, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683608098953.","startPage":"71","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476284,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_fac_pubs/285","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216283,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683608098953"},{"id":244146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e565e4b0c8380cd46d2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, John T.","contributorId":79678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Darby, D.","contributorId":24941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darby","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberle, D.","contributorId":17071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberle","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jennings, A. E.","contributorId":66682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"A.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moros, M.","contributorId":49597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moros","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ogilvie, A.","contributorId":23356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogilvie","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70037239,"text":"70037239 - 2009 - Combining particle-tracking and geochemical data to assess public supply well vulnerability to arsenic and uranium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037239","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining particle-tracking and geochemical data to assess public supply well vulnerability to arsenic and uranium","docAbstract":"Flow-model particle-tracking results and geochemical data from seven study areas across the United States were analyzed using three statistical methods to test the hypothesis that these variables can successfully be used to assess public supply well vulnerability to arsenic and uranium. Principal components analysis indicated that arsenic and uranium concentrations were associated with particle-tracking variables that simulate time of travel and water fluxes through aquifer systems and also through specific redox and pH zones within aquifers. Time-of-travel variables are important because many geochemical reactions are kinetically limited, and geochemical zonation can account for different modes of mobilization and fate. Spearman correlation analysis established statistical significance for correlations of arsenic and uranium concentrations with variables derived using the particle-tracking routines. Correlations between uranium concentrations and particle-tracking variables were generally strongest for variables computed for distinct redox zones. Classification tree analysis on arsenic concentrations yielded a quantitative categorical model using time-of-travel variables and solid-phase-arsenic concentrations. The classification tree model accuracy on the learning data subset was 70%, and on the testing data subset, 79%, demonstrating one application in which particle-tracking variables can be used predictively in a quantitative screening-level assessment of public supply well vulnerability. Ground-water management actions that are based on avoidance of young ground water, reflecting the premise that young ground water is more vulnerable to anthropogenic contaminants than is old ground water, may inadvertently lead to increased vulnerability to natural contaminants due to the tendency for concentrations of many natural contaminants to increase with increasing ground-water residence time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.020","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Hinkle, S., Kauffman, L.J., Thomas, M., Brown, C.J., McCarthy, K.A., Eberts, S.M., Rosen, M.R., and Katz, B., 2009, Combining particle-tracking and geochemical data to assess public supply well vulnerability to arsenic and uranium: Journal of Hydrology, v. 376, no. 1-2, p. 132-142, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.020.","startPage":"132","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217086,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.020"},{"id":244999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"376","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7e0e4b0c8380cd4cd49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkle, S.R.","contributorId":74778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kauffman, L. J. 0000-0003-4564-0362","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":65217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":460025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, M.A.","contributorId":66877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, C. J.","contributorId":90342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCarthy, K. A.","contributorId":107309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eberts, S. M.","contributorId":28276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rosen, Michael R.","contributorId":43096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70037305,"text":"70037305 - 2009 - Synergistic use of optical and InSAR data for urban impervious surface mapping: A case study in Hong Kong","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T16:07:12","indexId":"70037305","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synergistic use of optical and InSAR data for urban impervious surface mapping: A case study in Hong Kong","docAbstract":"

A wide range of urban ecosystem studies, including urban hydrology, urban climate, land use planning and watershed resource management, require accurate and up‐to‐date geospatial data of urban impervious surfaces. In this study, the potential of the synergistic use of optical and InSAR data in urban impervious surface mapping at the sub‐pixel level was investigated. A case study in Hong Kong was conducted for this purpose by applying a classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm to SPOT 5 multispectral imagery and ERS‐2 SAR data. Validated by reference data derived from high‐resolution colour‐infrared (CIR) aerial photographs, our results show that the addition of InSAR feature information can improve the estimation of impervious surface percentage (ISP) in comparison with using SPOT imagery alone. The improvement is especially notable in separating urban impervious surface from the vacant land/bare ground, which has been a difficult task in ISP modelling with optical remote sensing data. In addition, the results demonstrate the potential to map urban impervious surface by using InSAR data alone. This allows frequent monitoring of world's cities located in cloud‐prone and rainy areas.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431160802555838","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Jiang, L., Liao, M., Lin, H., and Yang, L., 2009, Synergistic use of optical and InSAR data for urban impervious surface mapping: A case study in Hong Kong: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 30, no. 11, p. 2781-2796, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160802555838.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2781","endPage":"2796","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217119,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160802555838"}],"volume":"30","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba340e4b08c986b31fc2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jiang, L.","contributorId":107530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liao, M.","contributorId":86600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liao","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lin, H.","contributorId":17854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yang, L.","contributorId":6200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037307,"text":"70037307 - 2009 - Spatial patterns and controls of soil chemical weathering rates along a transient hillslope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037307","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial patterns and controls of soil chemical weathering rates along a transient hillslope","docAbstract":"Hillslopes have been intensively studied by both geomorphologists and soil scientists. Whereas geomorphologists have focused on the physical soil production and transport on hillslopes, soil scientists have been concerned with the topographic variation of soil geochemical properties. We combined these differing approaches and quantified soil chemical weathering rates along a grass covered hillslope in Coastal California. The hillslope is comprised of both erosional and depositional sections. In the upper eroding section, soil production is balanced by physical erosion and chemical weathering. The hillslope then transitions to a depositional slope where soil accumulates due to a historical reduction of channel incision at the hillslope's base. Measurements of hillslope morphology and soil thickness were combined with the elemental composition of the soil and saprolite, and interpreted through a process-based model that accounts for both chemical weathering and sediment transport. Chemical weathering of the minerals as they moved downslope via sediment transport imparted spatial variation in the geochemical properties of the soil. Inverse modeling of the field and laboratory data revealed that the long-term soil chemical weathering rates peak at 5 g m- 2 yr- 1 at the downslope end of the eroding section and decrease to 1.5 g m- 2 yr- 1 within the depositional section. In the eroding section, soil chemical weathering rates appear to be primarily controlled by the rate of mineral supply via colluvial input from upslope. In the depositional slope, geochemical equilibrium between soil water and minerals appeared to limit the chemical weathering rate. Soil chemical weathering was responsible for removing 6% of the soil production in the eroding section and 5% of colluvial influx in the depositional slope. These were among the lowest weathering rates reported for actively eroding watersheds, which was attributed to the parent material with low amount of weatherable minerals and intense coating of the primary minerals by secondary clay and iron oxides. We showed that both the morphologic disequilibrium of the hillslope and the spatial heterogeneity of soil properties are due to spatial variations in the physical and chemical processes that removed mass from the soil. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2009.09.021","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Yoo, K., Mudd, S., Sanderman, J., Amundson, R., and Blum, A., 2009, Spatial patterns and controls of soil chemical weathering rates along a transient hillslope: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 288, no. 1-2, p. 184-193, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.09.021.","startPage":"184","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217174,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.09.021"},{"id":245095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"288","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9494e4b08c986b31ab8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yoo, K.","contributorId":73387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoo","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mudd, S.M.","contributorId":19377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mudd","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanderman, J.","contributorId":107532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanderman","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amundson, Ronald","contributorId":59925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amundson","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blum, A.","contributorId":63971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70036059,"text":"70036059 - 2009 - Expansion of Dreissena into offshore waters of Lake Michigan and potential impacts on fish populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70036059","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Expansion of Dreissena into offshore waters of Lake Michigan and potential impacts on fish populations","docAbstract":"Lake Michigan was invaded by zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in the late 1980s and then followed by quagga mussels (D. bugensis) around 1997. Through 2000, both species (herein Dreissena) were largely restricted to depths less than 50??m. Herein, we provide results of an annual lake-wide bottom trawl survey in Lake Michigan that reveal the relative biomass and depth distribution of Dreissena between 1999 and 2007 (although biomass estimates from a bottom trawl are biased low). Lake-wide mean biomass density (g/m2) and mean depth of collection revealed no trend between 1999 and 2003 (mean = 0.7??g/m2 and 37??m, respectively). Between 2004 and 2007, however, mean lake-wide biomass density increased from 0.8??g/m2 to 7.0??g/m2, because of increased density at depths between 30 and 110??m, and mean depth of collection increased from 42 to 77??m. This pattern was confirmed by a generalized additive model. Coincident with the Dreissena expansion that occurred beginning in 2004, fish biomass density (generally planktivores) declined 71% between 2003 and 2007. Current understanding of fish population dynamics, however, indicates that Dreissena expansion is not the primary explanation for the decline of fish, and we provide a species-specific account for more likely underlying factors. Nonetheless, future sampling and research may reveal a better understanding of the potential negative interactions between Dreissena and fish in Lake Michigan and elsewhere.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2008.10.002","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Bunnell, D., Madenjian, C., Holuszko, J., Adams, J., and French, J.R., 2009, Expansion of Dreissena into offshore waters of Lake Michigan and potential impacts on fish populations: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 35, no. 1, p. 74-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2008.10.002.","startPage":"74","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218126,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2008.10.002"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0db5e4b0c8380cd5315e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunnell, D.B.","contributorId":8610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"D.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madenjian, C.P.","contributorId":64175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holuszko, J.D.","contributorId":54786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holuszko","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, J.V.","contributorId":94069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"French, J. R. P. III","contributorId":47574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"R. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70036069,"text":"70036069 - 2009 - Diets of aquatic birds reflect changes in the Lake Huron ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T13:01:06","indexId":"70036069","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diets of aquatic birds reflect changes in the Lake Huron ecosystem","docAbstract":"

Human activities have affected the Lake Huron ecosystem, in part, through alterations in the structure and function of its food webs. Insights into the nature of food web change and its ecological ramifications can be obtained through the monitoring of high trophic level predators such as aquatic birds. Often, food web change involves alterations in the relative abundance of constituent species and/or the introduction of new species (exotic invaders). Diet composition of aquatic birds is influenced, in part, by relative prey availability and therefore is a sensitive measure of food web structure. Using bird diet data to make inferences regarding food web change requires consistent measures of diet composition through time. This can be accomplished by measuring stable chemical and/or biochemical “ecological tracers” in archived avian samples. Such tracers provide insights into pathways of energy and nutrient transfer.

In this study, we examine the utility of two groups of naturally-occurring intrinsic tracers (stable isotopes and fatty acids) to provide such information in a predatory seabird, the herring gull (Larus argentatus). Retrospective stable nitrogen and carbon isotope analysis of archived herring gull eggs identified declines in gull trophic position and shifts in food sources in Lake Huron over the last 25 years and changes in gull diet composition were inferred from egg fatty acid patterns. These independent groups of ecological tracers provided corroborating evidence of dietary change in this high trophic level predator. Gull dietary shifts were related to declines in prey fish abundance which suggests large-scale alterations to the Lake Huron ecosystem. Dietary shifts in herring gulls may be contributing to reductions in resources available for egg formation. Further research is required to evaluate how changes in resource availability may affect population sustainability in herring gulls and other waterbird species. Long-term biological monitoring programs are required to identify ecosystem change and evaluate its ecological significance.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/14634980802700995","issn":"14634988","usgsCitation":"Hebert, C.E., Weseloh, D.C., Idrissi, A., Arts, M., and Roseman, E., 2009, Diets of aquatic birds reflect changes in the Lake Huron ecosystem: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 12, no. 1, p. 37-44, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980802700995.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"44","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Huron","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.715576171875,\n 46.03510927947334\n ],\n [\n -84.803466796875,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -84.57275390625,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -84.111328125,\n 45.42158812329091\n ],\n [\n -83.660888671875,\n 45.29034662473613\n ],\n [\n -83.583984375,\n 45.089035564831036\n ],\n [\n -83.485107421875,\n 44.86365630540611\n ],\n [\n -83.441162109375,\n 44.48866833139464\n ],\n [\n -83.69384765625,\n 44.20583500104184\n ],\n [\n -83.990478515625,\n 43.97700467496408\n ],\n [\n -84.05639648437499,\n 43.74728909225908\n ],\n [\n -83.95751953125,\n 43.60426186809618\n ],\n [\n -83.583984375,\n 43.57243174740972\n ],\n [\n -83.265380859375,\n 43.77902662160831\n ],\n [\n -83.023681640625,\n 43.95328204198018\n ],\n [\n -82.85888671875,\n 43.97700467496408\n ],\n [\n -82.716064453125,\n 43.5326204268101\n ],\n [\n -82.694091796875,\n 43.06086137134326\n ],\n [\n -82.46337890625,\n 42.90816007196054\n ],\n [\n -82.056884765625,\n 42.956422511073335\n ],\n [\n -81.617431640625,\n 43.23719944365308\n ],\n [\n -81.441650390625,\n 43.628123412124616\n ],\n [\n -81.595458984375,\n 43.929549935614595\n ],\n [\n -81.463623046875,\n 44.23732831822538\n ],\n [\n -81.2109375,\n 44.6061127451739\n ],\n [\n -81.40869140625,\n 45.00365115687186\n ],\n [\n -81.03515625,\n 44.61393394730626\n ],\n [\n -80.343017578125,\n 44.36313311380771\n ],\n [\n -79.881591796875,\n 44.378839759088585\n ],\n [\n -79.65087890624999,\n 44.78573392716592\n ],\n [\n -80.167236328125,\n 45.48324350868221\n ],\n [\n -80.595703125,\n 46.01985337287631\n ],\n [\n -81.287841796875,\n 46.11132565729796\n ],\n [\n -82.891845703125,\n 46.34692761055676\n ],\n [\n -83.858642578125,\n 46.39998810407942\n ],\n [\n -84.715576171875,\n 46.03510927947334\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00e3e4b0c8380cd4f997","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hebert, Craig E.","contributorId":11041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hebert","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weseloh, D.V. Chip","contributorId":60984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weseloh","given":"D.V.","email":"","middleInitial":"Chip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Idrissi, Abode","contributorId":94144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Idrissi","given":"Abode","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arts, Michael T.","contributorId":77781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arts","given":"Michael T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roseman, Edward F. eroseman@usgs.gov","contributorId":534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"Edward F.","email":"eroseman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":454014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037309,"text":"70037309 - 2009 - Greenhouse gas flux from cropland and restored wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T11:03:42","indexId":"70037309","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3416,"text":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Greenhouse gas flux from cropland and restored wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region","docAbstract":"It has been well documented that restored wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America do store carbon. However, the net benefit of carbon sequestration in wetlands in terms of a reduction in global warming forcing has often been questioned because of potentially greater emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). We compared gas emissions (N2O, CH4, carbon dioxide [CO2]) and soil moisture and temperature from eight cropland and eight restored grassland wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region from May to October, 2003, to better understand the atmospheric carbon mitigation potential of restored wetlands. Results show that carbon dioxide contributed the most (90%) to net-GHG flux, followed by CH4 (9%) and N2O (1%). Fluxes of N2O, CH4, CO2, and their combined global warming potential (CO2 equivalents) did not significantly differ between cropland and grassland wetlands. The seasonal pattern in flux was similar in cropland and grassland wetlands with peak emissions of N2O and CH4 occurring when soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) was 40-60% and >60%, respectively; negative CH4 fluxes were observed when WFPS approached 40%. Negative CH4 fluxes from grassland wetlands occurred earlier in the season and were more pronounced than those from cropland sites because WFPS declined more rapidly in grassland wetlands; this decline was likely due to higher infiltration and evapotranspiration rates associated with grasslands. Our results suggest that restoring cropland wetlands does not result in greater emissions of N2O and CH4, and therefore would not offset potential soil carbon sequestration. These findings, however, are limited to a small sample of seasonal wetlands with relatively short hydroperiods. A more comprehensive assessment of the GHG mitigation potential of restored wetlands should include a diversity of wetland types and land-use practices and consider the impact of variable climatic cycles that affect wetland hydrology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.09.008","issn":"00380717","usgsCitation":"Gleason, R., Tangen, B., Browne, B., and Euliss, N., 2009, Greenhouse gas flux from cropland and restored wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 41, no. 12, p. 2501-2507, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.09.008.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2501","endPage":"2507","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217229,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.09.008"}],"volume":"41","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a6be4b0c8380cd5b168","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gleason, R.A.","contributorId":46035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tangen, B.A.","contributorId":102687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tangen","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Browne, B.A.","contributorId":85006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browne","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Euliss, N.H. Jr.","contributorId":54917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"N.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}