{"pageNumber":"859","pageRowStart":"21450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68934,"records":[{"id":70034669,"text":"70034669 - 2009 - Eukaryotic viruses in wastewater samples from the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034669","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eukaryotic viruses in wastewater samples from the United States","docAbstract":"Human fecal matter contains a large number of viruses, and current bacterial indicators used for monitoring water quality do not correlate with the presence of pathogenic viruses. Adenoviruses and enteroviruses have often been used to identify fecal pollution in the environment; however, other viruses shed in fecal matter may more accurately detect fecal pollution. The purpose of this study was to develop a baseline understanding of the types of viruses found in raw sewage. PCR was used to detect adenoviruses, enteroviruses, hepatitis B viruses, herpesviruses, morbilliviruses, noroviruses, papillomaviruses, picobirnaviruses, reoviruses, and rotaviruses in raw sewage collected throughout the United States. Adenoviruses and picobirnaviruses were detected in 100% of raw sewage samples and 25% and 33% of final effluent samples, respectively. Enteroviruses and noroviruses were detected in 75% and 58% of raw sewage samples, respectively, and both viral groups were found in 8% of final effluent samples. This study showed that adenoviruses, enteroviruses, noroviruses, and picobirnaviruses are widespread in raw sewage. Since adenoviruses and picobirnaviruses were detected in 100% of raw sewage samples, they are potential markers of fecal contamination. Additionally, this research uncovered previously unknown sequence diversity in human picobirnaviruses. This baseline understanding of viruses in raw sewage will enable educated decisions to be made regarding the use of different viruses in water quality assessments. Copyright ?? 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1128/AEM.01899-08","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Symonds, E., Griffin, D., and Breitbart, M., 2009, Eukaryotic viruses in wastewater samples from the United States: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 75, no. 5, p. 1402-1409, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01899-08.","startPage":"1402","endPage":"1409","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476249,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01899-08","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215751,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01899-08"}],"volume":"75","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bcae4b0c8380cd5289a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Symonds, E.M.","contributorId":81331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symonds","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffin, Dale W.","contributorId":23668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":446950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Breitbart, M.","contributorId":86991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breitbart","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035689,"text":"70035689 - 2009 - Spatial and temporal distributions of Martian north polar cold spots before, during, and after the global dust storm of 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70035689","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal distributions of Martian north polar cold spots before, during, and after the global dust storm of 2001","docAbstract":"In the 1970s, Mariner and Viking observed features in the Mars northern polar region that were a few hundred kilometers in diameter with 20 fj,m brightness temperatures as low as 130 K (considerably below C02 ice sublimation temperatures). Over the past decade, studies have shown that these areas (commonly called \"cold spots\") are usually due to emissivity effects of frost deposits and occasionally to active C02 snowstorms. Three Mars years of Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer data were used to observe autumn and wintertime cold spot activity within the polar regions. Many cold spots formed on or near scarps of the perennial cap, probably induced by adiabatic cooling due to orographic lifting. These topographically associated cold spots were often smaller than those that were not associated with topography. We determined that initial grain sizes within the cold spots were on the order of a few millimeters, assuming the snow was uncontaminated by dust or water ice. On average, the half-life of the cold spots was 5 Julian days. The Mars global dust storm in 2001 significantly affected cold spot activity in the north polar region. Though overall perennial cap cold spot activity seemed unaffected, the distribution of cold spots did change by a decrease in the number of topographically associated cold spots and an increase in those not associated with topography. We propose that the global dust storm affected the processes that form cold spots and discuss how the global dust storm may have affected these processes. ?? 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008JE003243","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Cornwall, C., and Titus, T., 2009, Spatial and temporal distributions of Martian north polar cold spots before, during, and after the global dust storm of 2001: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 114, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JE003243.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216073,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JE003243"}],"volume":"114","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9437e4b08c986b31a935","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cornwall, C.","contributorId":43592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornwall","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Titus, T.N.","contributorId":102615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035691,"text":"70035691 - 2009 - Impact of sampling strategy on stream load estimates in till landscape of the Midwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035691","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of sampling strategy on stream load estimates in till landscape of the Midwest","docAbstract":"Accurately estimating various solute loads in streams during storms is critical to accurately determine maximum daily loads for regulatory purposes. This study investigates the impact of sampling strategy on solute load estimates in streams in the US Midwest. Three different solute types (nitrate, magnesium, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC)) and three sampling strategies are assessed. Regardless of the method, the average error on nitrate loads is higher than for magnesium or DOC loads, and all three methods generally underestimate DOC loads and overestimate magnesium loads. Increasing sampling frequency only slightly improves the accuracy of solute load estimates but generally improves the precision of load calculations. This type of investigation is critical for water management and environmental assessment so error on solute load calculations can be taken into account by landscape managers, and sampling strategies optimized as a function of monitoring objectives. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-008-0635-5","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Vidon, P., Hubbard, L., and Soyeux, E., 2009, Impact of sampling strategy on stream load estimates in till landscape of the Midwest: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 159, no. 1-4, p. 367-379, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0635-5.","startPage":"367","endPage":"379","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216101,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0635-5"},{"id":243947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"159","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38c8e4b0c8380cd616bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vidon, P.","contributorId":47589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidon","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubbard, L.E.","contributorId":104945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soyeux, E.","contributorId":51099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soyeux","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035693,"text":"70035693 - 2009 - Murres, capelin and ocean climate: Inter-annual associations across a decadal shift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T15:15:51","indexId":"70035693","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Murres, capelin and ocean climate: Inter-annual associations across a decadal shift","docAbstract":"To ensure energy demands for reproduction are met, it is essential that marine birds breed during periods of peak food availability. We examined associations of the breeding chronology of common murres (Uria aalge) with the timing of the inshore arrival of their primary prey, capelin (Mallotus villosus) from 1980 to 2006 across a period of pervasive change in the Northwest Atlantic ecosystem. We also assessed the influence of ocean temperature and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO; an index of winter climate and oceanography) on these interactions. We found a lagged linear relationship between variations in murre breeding chronology and the timing of capelin arrival in the previous year. On a decadal level, we found a non-linear threshold relationship between ocean temperature and the timing of capelin arrival and murre breeding. Centennially anomalous cold water temperatures in 1991 generated a marked shift in the timing of capelin spawning inshore and murre breeding, delaying both by more than 2 weeks. By the mid-1990s, ocean temperatures returned to pre-perturbation levels, whereas the temporal breeding responses of capelin and murres were delayed for a decade or more. Oceanographic conditions (temperature, NAO) were poor predictors of the timing of capelin arrival inshore in the current year compared to the previous one. Our findings suggest that knowledge of the timing of capelin availability in the previous year provides a robust cue for the long-lived murres, allowing them to achieve temporal overlap between breeding and peak capelin availability. ?? Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-008-0484-2","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Regular, P., Shuhood, F., Power, T., Montevecchi, W., Robertson, G., Ballam, D., Piatt, J.F., and Nakashima, B., 2009, Murres, capelin and ocean climate: Inter-annual associations across a decadal shift: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 156, no. 1-4, p. 293-302, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0484-2.","startPage":"293","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216132,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0484-2"}],"volume":"156","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60d8e4b0c8380cd716e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Regular, P.M.","contributorId":64478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regular","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shuhood, F.","contributorId":14217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shuhood","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Power, T.","contributorId":64059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Montevecchi, W.A.","contributorId":62052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montevecchi","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robertson, G.J.","contributorId":105939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ballam, D.","contributorId":19400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballam","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nakashima, B.","contributorId":96507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakashima","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70035694,"text":"70035694 - 2009 - Review of fish diversity in the Lake Huron basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035694","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Review of fish diversity in the Lake Huron basin","docAbstract":"Lake Huron has a rich aquatic habitat diversity that includes shallow embayments, numerous tributaries, shallow mid-lake reef complexes, archipelagos, and profundal regions. These habitats provide support for warm, cool, and cold water fish communities. Diversity of fishes in Lake Huron reflects post-glaciation colonization events, current climate conditions, accidental and intentional introductions of non-indigenous species, and extinctions. Most extinction events have been largely associated with habitat alterations, exploitation of fisheries, and interactions with non-indigenous species. The most recent historical survey of extirpated and imperiled species conducted in the late 1970s identified 79 fish species in Lake Huron proper and about 50 additional species in tributaries. Of those 129 species, 20 are now considered extirpated or imperiled. Extirpated species include Arctic grayling, paddlefish, weed shiner, deepwater cisco, blackfin cisco, shortnose cisco, and kiyi. Six species have declined appreciably due to loss of clear-water stream habitat: the river redhorse, river darter, black redhorse, pugnose shiner, lake chubsucker, redside dace, eastern sand darter, and channel darter. While numerous agencies, universities, and other organizations routinely monitor nearshore and offshore fish distribution and abundance, there is a need for more rigorous examination of the distribution and abundance of less-common species to better understand their ecology. This information is critical to the development of management plans aimed at ecosystem remediation and restoration.","largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management","language":"English","doi":"10.1080/14634980802710325","issn":"14634988","usgsCitation":"Roseman, E., Schaeffer, J., and Steen, P., 2009, Review of fish diversity in the Lake Huron basin, <i>in</i> Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management, v. 12, no. 1, p. 11-22, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980802710325.","startPage":"11","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216133,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14634980802710325"},{"id":243980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aac66e4b0c8380cd86cf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roseman, E.F. 0000-0002-5315-9838","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5315-9838","contributorId":76531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"E.F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":451932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaeffer, J.S.","contributorId":42688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaeffer","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steen, P.J.","contributorId":65590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steen","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035695,"text":"70035695 - 2009 - Morphologic and transport properties of natural organic floc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T13:28:25","indexId":"70035695","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphologic and transport properties of natural organic floc","docAbstract":"<p><span>The morphology, entrainment, and settling of suspended aggregates (“floc”) significantly impact fluxes of organic carbon, nutrients, and contaminants in aquatic environments. However, transport properties of highly organic floc remain poorly understood. In this study detrital floc was collected in the Florida Everglades from two sites with different abundances of periphyton for use in a settling column and in racetrack flume entrainment experiments. Although Everglades flocs are similar to other organic aggregates in terms of morphology and settling rates, they tend to be larger and more porous than typical mineral flocs because of biostabilization processes and relatively low prevailing shear stresses typical of wetlands. Flume experiments documented that Everglades floc was entrained at a low bed shear stress of 1.0 × 10</span><sup>−2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>Pa, which is considerably smaller than the typical entrainment threshold of mineral floc. Because of similarities between Everglades floc and other organic floc populations, floc transport characteristics in the Everglades typify the behavior of floc in other organic‐rich shallow‐water environments. Highly organic floc is more mobile than less organic floc, but because bed shear stresses in wetlands are commonly near the entrainment threshold, wetland floc dynamics are often transport‐limited rather than supply limited. Organic floc transport in these environments is therefore governed by the balance between entrainment and settling fluxes, which has implications for ecosystem metabolism, materials cycling, and even landscape evolution.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR006990","usgsCitation":"Larsen, L., Harvey, J.W., and Crimaldi, J.P., 2009, Morphologic and transport properties of natural organic floc: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 1, Article W01410; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR006990.","productDescription":"Article W01410; 13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487822,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr006990","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e36e4b0c8380cd7088a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Laurel G. lglarsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Laurel G.","email":"lglarsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crimaldi, John P.","contributorId":58918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crimaldi","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035862,"text":"70035862 - 2009 - Geochemical characterisation of seepage and drainage water quality from two sulphide mine tailings impoundments: Acid mine drainage versus neutral mine drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70035862","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2745,"text":"Mine Water and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical characterisation of seepage and drainage water quality from two sulphide mine tailings impoundments: Acid mine drainage versus neutral mine drainage","docAbstract":"Seepage water and drainage water geochemistry (pH, EC, O<sub>2</sub>, redox, alkalinity, dissolved cations and trace metals, major anions, total element concentrations) were studied at two active sulphide mine tailings impoundments in Finland (the Hitura Ni mine and Luikonlahti Cu mine/talc processing plant). The data were used to assess the factors influencing tailings seepage quality and to identify constraints for water treatment. Changes in seepage water quality after equilibration with atmospheric conditions were evaluated based on geochemical modelling. At Luikonlahti, annual and seasonal changes were also studied. Seepage quality was largely influenced by the tailings mineralogy, and the serpentine-rich, low sulphide Hitura tailings produced neutral mine drainage with high Ni. In contrast, drainage from the high sulphide, multi-metal tailings of Luikonlahti represented typical acid mine drainage with elevated contents of Zn, Ni, Cu, and Co. Other factors affecting the seepage quality included weathering of the tailings along the seepage flow path, process water input, local hydrological settings, and structural changes in the tailings impoundment. Geochemical modelling showed that pH increased and some heavy metals were adsorbed to Fe precipitates after net alkaline waters equilibrated with the atmosphere. In the net acidic waters, pH decreased and no adsorption occurred. A combination of aerobic and anaerobic treatments is proposed for Hitura seepages to decrease the sulphate and metal loading. For Luikonlahti, prolonged monitoring of the seepage quality is suggested instead of treatment, since the water quality is still adjusting to recent modifications to the tailings impoundment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mine Water and the Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10230-008-0056-2","issn":"10259112","usgsCitation":"Heikkinen, P., Raisanen, M., and Johnson, R., 2009, Geochemical characterisation of seepage and drainage water quality from two sulphide mine tailings impoundments: Acid mine drainage versus neutral mine drainage: Mine Water and the Environment, v. 28, no. 1, p. 30-49, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-008-0056-2.","startPage":"30","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216288,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10230-008-0056-2"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a15ece4b0c8380cd54fb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heikkinen, P.M.","contributorId":73435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heikkinen","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raisanen, M.L.","contributorId":96508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raisanen","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, R.H.","contributorId":7041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035877,"text":"70035877 - 2009 - Phosphorus fractionation in sediment cores collected in 2005 before and after onset of an Aphanizomenon flos-aquae bloom in upper Klamath Lake, OR, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035877","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phosphorus fractionation in sediment cores collected in 2005 before and after onset of an Aphanizomenon flos-aquae bloom in upper Klamath Lake, OR, USA","docAbstract":"We tested the hypothesis that there would be measurable losses of phosphorus (P) from surficial sediments of Upper Klamath Lake (UKL), Oregon, if sediments were a source of P during an algal bloom. We compared concentrations of total and forms of P at various depths in cores collected before and after the onset of a large Aphanizomenon flos-aquae bloom. Concentrations of inorganic P were determined in extraction solutions of MgCl<sub>2</sub> (1 M, pH 8), citrate-dithionite-bicarbonate, and 1 M HCl. Sediments below 2 cm were dominated by residual P which is defined as total P minus inorganic P. During the study period, data from the top 2-cm of sediment indicated (a) significant decrease in total P concentration, primarily associated with iron oxyhydroxides at one site, and (b) significant increase in total P concentration associated with residual P at a second site. Data from two other sites indicated no net changes in concentrations of total P. ?? 2009 US Government.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11270-009-0033-9","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Simon, N., Lynch, D., and Gallaher, T., 2009, Phosphorus fractionation in sediment cores collected in 2005 before and after onset of an Aphanizomenon flos-aquae bloom in upper Klamath Lake, OR, USA: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 204, no. 1-4, p. 139-153, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-009-0033-9.","startPage":"139","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216056,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-009-0033-9"},{"id":243897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"204","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a78b9e4b0c8380cd7877a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simon, N.S.","contributorId":103272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lynch, D.","contributorId":76156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gallaher, T.N.","contributorId":35152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallaher","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034700,"text":"70034700 - 2009 - Incorporating uncertainty into the ranking of SPARROW model nutrient yields from Mississippi/Atchafalaya River basin watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:29:55","indexId":"70034700","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporating uncertainty into the ranking of SPARROW model nutrient yields from Mississippi/Atchafalaya River basin watersheds","docAbstract":"Excessive loads of nutrients transported by tributary rivers have been linked to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. Management efforts to reduce the hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico and improve the water quality of rivers and streams could benefit from targeting nutrient reductions toward watersheds with the highest nutrient yields delivered to sensitive downstream waters. One challenge is that most conventional watershed modeling approaches (e.g., mechanistic models) used in these management decisions do not consider uncertainties in the predictions of nutrient yields and their downstream delivery. The increasing use of parameter estimation procedures to statistically estimate model coefficients, however, allows uncertainties in these predictions to be reliably estimated. Here, we use a robust bootstrapping procedure applied to the results of a previous application of the hybrid statistical/mechanistic watershed model SPARROW (Spatially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes) to develop a statistically reliable method for identifying “high priority” areas for management, based on a probabilistic ranking of delivered nutrient yields from watersheds throughout a basin. The method is designed to be used by managers to prioritize watersheds where additional stream monitoring and evaluations of nutrient-reduction strategies could be undertaken. Our ranking procedure incorporates information on the confidence intervals of model predictions and the corresponding watershed rankings of the delivered nutrient yields. From this quantified uncertainty, we estimate the probability that individual watersheds are among a collection of watersheds that have the highest delivered nutrient yields. We illustrate the application of the procedure to 818 eight-digit Hydrologic Unit Code watersheds in the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River basin by identifying 150 watersheds having the highest delivered nutrient yields to the Gulf of Mexico. Highest delivered yields were from watersheds in the Central Mississippi, Ohio, and Lower Mississippi River basins. With 90% confidence, only a few watersheds can be reliably placed into the highest 150 category; however, many more watersheds can be removed from consideration as not belonging to the highest 150 category. Results from this ranking procedure provide robust information on watershed nutrient yields that can benefit management efforts to reduce nutrient loadings to downstream coastal waters, such as the Gulf of Mexico, or to local receiving streams and reservoirs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00310.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., Schwarz, G., Saad, D.A., and Alexander, R.B., 2009, Incorporating uncertainty into the ranking of SPARROW model nutrient yields from Mississippi/Atchafalaya River basin watersheds: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 45, no. 2, p. 534-549, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00310.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"534","endPage":"549","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476242,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00310.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215753,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00310.x"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Atchafalaya River;Gulf Of Mexico;Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.21,28.23 ], [ -118.21,49.89 ], [ -69.87,49.89 ], [ -69.87,28.23 ], [ -118.21,28.23 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39ede4b0c8380cd61aad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwarz, Gregory E. 0000-0002-9239-4566 gschwarz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Gregory E.","email":"gschwarz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saad, David A. dasaad@usgs.gov","contributorId":121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"David","email":"dasaad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alexander, Richard B. 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034806,"text":"70034806 - 2009 - New light on a dark subject: On the use of fluorescence data to deduce redox states of natural organic matter (NOM)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-05T14:07:31","indexId":"70034806","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":873,"text":"Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New light on a dark subject: On the use of fluorescence data to deduce redox states of natural organic matter (NOM)","docAbstract":"This paper reports the use of excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (EEMS), parallel factor statistical analysis (PARAFAC), and oxidation-reduction experiments to examine the effect of redox conditions on PARAFAC model results for aqueous samples rich in natural organic matter. Fifty-four aqueous samples from 11 different geographic locations and two plant extracts were analyzed untreated and after chemical treatments or irradiation were used in attempts to change the redox status of the natural organic matter. The EEMS spectra were generated and modeled using a PARAFAC package developed by Cory and McKnight (2005). The PARAFAC model output was examined for consistency with previously reported relations and with changes expected to occur upon experimental oxidation and reduction of aqueous samples. Results indicate the implied fraction of total sample fluorescence attributed to quinone-like moieties was consistent (0.64 to 0.78) and greater than that observed by Cory and McKnight (2005). The fraction of the quinone-like moieties that was reduced (the reducing index, RI) showed relatively little variation (0.46 to 0.71) despite attempts to alter the redox status of the natural organic matter. The RI changed little after reducing samples using zinc metal, oxidizing at high pH with air, or irradiating with a Xenon lamp. Our results, however, are consistent with the correlations between the fluorescence indices (FI) of samples and the ratio of PARAFAC fitting parameters suggested by Cory and McKnight (2005), though we used samples with a much narrower range of FI values.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00027-009-9174-6","issn":"10151621","usgsCitation":"Macalady, D.L., and Walton-Day, K., 2009, New light on a dark subject: On the use of fluorescence data to deduce redox states of natural organic matter (NOM): Aquatic Sciences, v. 71, no. 2, p. 135-143, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-009-9174-6.","startPage":"135","endPage":"143","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215875,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00027-009-9174-6"},{"id":243709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65e1e4b0c8380cd72c80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macalady, Donald L.","contributorId":62049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macalady","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":68339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035636,"text":"70035636 - 2009 - Analysis of dynamic thresholds for the normalized difference water index","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T15:36:25","indexId":"70035636","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of dynamic thresholds for the normalized difference water index","docAbstract":"The normalized difference water index (NDWI) has been successfully used to delineate surface water features. However, two major problems have been often encountered: (a) NDWIs calculated from different band combinations [visible, nearinfrared, or shortwave-infrared (SWIR)] can generate different results, and (b) NDWI thresholds vary depending on the proportions of subpixel water/non-water components. We need to evaluate all the NDWIS for determining the best performing index and to establish appropriate thresholds for clearly identifying water features. We used the spectral data obtained from a spectral library to simulate the satellite sensors Landsat ETM+, SPOT-5, ASTER, and MODIS, and calculated the simulated NDWI in different forms. We found that the NDWI calculated from (green - swm)/(green + SWIR), where SWIR is the shorter wavelength region (1.2 to 1.8 ??m), has the most stable threshold. We recommend this NDWI be employed for mapping water, but adjustment of the threshold based on actual situations is necessary. ?? 2009 American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta","doi":"10.14358/PERS.75.11.1307","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Ji, L., Zhang, L., and Wylie, B.K., 2009, Analysis of dynamic thresholds for the normalized difference water index: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 75, no. 11, p. 1307-1317, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.75.11.1307.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1307","endPage":"1317","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487812,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.75.11.1307","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb10e4b0c8380cd48bb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ji, Lei 0000-0002-6133-1036 lji@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-1036","contributorId":2832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"Lei","email":"lji@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":451584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Li","contributorId":98139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Li","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037187,"text":"70037187 - 2009 - The organic contamination level based on the total soil mass is not a proper index of the soil contamination intensity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037187","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The organic contamination level based on the total soil mass is not a proper index of the soil contamination intensity","docAbstract":"Concentrations of organic contaminants in common productive soils based on the total soil mass give a misleading account of actual contamination effects. This is attributed to the fact that productive soils are essentially water-saturated, with the result that the soil uptake of organic compounds occurs principally by partition into the soil organic matter (SOM). This report illustrates that the soil contamination intensity of a compound is governed by the concentration in the SOM (C<sub>om</sub>) rather than by the concentration in whole soil (C<sub>s</sub>). Supporting data consist of the measured levels and toxicities of many pesticides in soils of widely differing SOM contents and the related levels in in-situ crops that defy explanation by the C<sub>s</sub> values. This SOM-based index is timely needed for evaluating the contamination effects of food crops grown in different soils and for establishing a dependable priority ranking for intended remediation of numerous contamination sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2009.07.007","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Hung, H., Daniel, S.G., Lin, T., Su, Y., and Chiou, C.T., 2009, The organic contamination level based on the total soil mass is not a proper index of the soil contamination intensity: Environmental Pollution, v. 157, no. 11, p. 2928-2932, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.07.007.","startPage":"2928","endPage":"2932","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217223,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.07.007"},{"id":245150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"157","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae5ce4b08c986b324039","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hung, H.-W.","contributorId":80935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hung","given":"H.-W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Daniel, Sheng G.","contributorId":77773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniel","given":"Sheng","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lin, T.-F.","contributorId":50016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"T.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Su, Y.","contributorId":44747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Su","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chiou, C. T.","contributorId":97080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034825,"text":"70034825 - 2009 - Unique problems associated with seismic analysis of partially gas-saturated unconsolidated sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034825","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unique problems associated with seismic analysis of partially gas-saturated unconsolidated sediments","docAbstract":"Gas hydrate stability conditions restrict the occurrence of gas hydrate to unconsolidated and high water-content sediments at shallow depths. Because of these host sediments properties, seismic and well log data acquired for the detection of free gas and associated gas hydrate-bearing sediments often require nonconventional analysis. For example, a conventional method of identifying free gas using the compressional/shear-wave velocity (V<sub>p</sub>/V<sub>s</sub>) ratio at the logging frequency will not work, unless the free-gas saturations are more than about 40%. The P-wave velocity dispersion of partially gas-saturated sediments causes a problem in interpreting well log velocities and seismic data. Using the White, J.E. [1975. Computed seismic speeds and attenuation in rocks with partial gas saturation. Geophysics 40, 224-232] model for partially gas-saturated sediments, the difference between well log and seismic velocities can be reconciled. The inclusion of P-wave velocity dispersion in interpreting well log data is, therefore, essential to identify free gas and to tie surface seismic data to synthetic seismograms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.07.009","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., and Collett, T.S., 2009, Unique problems associated with seismic analysis of partially gas-saturated unconsolidated sediments: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 26, no. 6, p. 775-781, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.07.009.","startPage":"775","endPage":"781","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215673,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.07.009"}],"volume":"26","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc87e4b08c986b328cab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034827,"text":"70034827 - 2009 - Using nitrate to quantify quick flow in a karst aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034827","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using nitrate to quantify quick flow in a karst aquifer","docAbstract":"In karst aquifers, contaminated recharge can degrade spring water quality, but quantifying the rapid recharge (quick flow) component of spring flow is challenging because of its temporal variability. Here, we investigate the use of nitrate in a two-endmember mixing model to quantify quick flow in Barton Springs, Austin, Texas. Historical nitrate data from recharging creeks and Barton Springs were evaluated to determine a representative nitrate concentration for the aquifer water endmember (1.5 mg/L) and the quick flow endmember (0.17 mg/L for nonstormflow conditions and 0.25 mg/L for stormflow conditions). Under nonstormflow conditions for 1990 to 2005, model results indicated that quick flow contributed from 0% to 55% of spring flow. The nitrate-based two-endmember model was applied to the response of Barton Springs to a storm and results compared to those produced using the same model with ??<sup>18</sup>O and specific conductance (SC) as tracers. Additionally, the mixing model was modified to allow endmember quick flow values to vary over time. Of the three tracers, nitrate appears to be the most advantageous because it is conservative and because the difference between the concentrations in the two endmembers is large relative to their variance. The ??<sup>18</sup>O- based model was very sensitive to variability within the quick flow endmember, and SC was not conservative over the timescale of the storm response. We conclude that a nitrate-based two-endmember mixing model might provide a useful approach for quantifying the temporally variable quick flow component of spring flow in some karst systems. ?? 2008 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00499.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., and Garner, B., 2009, Using nitrate to quantify quick flow in a karst aquifer: Ground Water, v. 47, no. 3, p. 350-360, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00499.x.","startPage":"350","endPage":"360","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215731,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00499.x"},{"id":243554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc081e4b08c986b32a16e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, B.J.","contributorId":36888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garner, B.D.","contributorId":25379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037186,"text":"70037186 - 2009 - Geographic relatedness and predictability of Escherichia coli along a peninsular beach complex of Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037186","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic relatedness and predictability of Escherichia coli along a peninsular beach complex of Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"To determine more accurately the real-time concentration of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in beach water, predictive modeling has been applied in several locations around the Great Lakes to individual or small groups of similar beaches. Using 24 beaches in Door County, Wisconsin, we attempted to expand predictive models to multiple beaches of complex geography. We examined the importance of geographic location and independent variables and the consequential limitations for potential beach or beach group models. An analysis of Escherichia coli populations over 4 yr revealed a geographic gradient to the beaches, with mean E. coli concentrations decreasing with increasing distance from the city of Sturgeon Bay. Beaches grouped strongly by water type (lake, bay, Sturgeon Bay) and proximity to one another, followed by presence of a storm or creek outfall or amount of shoreline enclosure. Predictive models developed for beach groups commonly included wave height and cumulative 48-h rainfall but generally explained little E. coli variation (adj. R<sup>2</sup> = 0.19-0.36). Generally low concentrations of E. coli at the beaches influenced the effectiveness of model results presumably because of low signal-to-noise ratios and the rarity of elevated concentrations. Our results highlight the importance of the sensitivity of regressors and the need for careful methods evaluation. Despite the attractiveness of predictive models as an alternative beach monitoring approach, it is likely that FIB fluctuations at some beaches defy simple prediction approaches. Regional, multi-beach, and individual beach predictive models should be explored alongside other techniques for improving monitoring reliability at Great Lakes beaches. Copyright ?? 2009 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2009.0008","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Nevers, M., Shively, D., Kleinheinz, G., McDermott, C., Schuster, W., Chomeau, V., and Whitman, R., 2009, Geographic relatedness and predictability of Escherichia coli along a peninsular beach complex of Lake Michigan: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2357-2364, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2009.0008.","startPage":"2357","endPage":"2364","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217222,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2009.0008"},{"id":245149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1780e4b0c8380cd55511","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nevers, M.B.","contributorId":13787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shively, D.A.","contributorId":78123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kleinheinz, G.T.","contributorId":11021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleinheinz","given":"G.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDermott, C.M.","contributorId":59643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDermott","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schuster, W.","contributorId":59656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chomeau, V.","contributorId":45145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chomeau","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Whitman, R.L.","contributorId":69750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70034829,"text":"70034829 - 2009 - Vulnerability of a public supply well in a karstic aquifer to contamination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034829","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vulnerability of a public supply well in a karstic aquifer to contamination","docAbstract":"To assess the vulnerability of ground water to contamination in the karstic Upper Floridan aquifer (UFA), age-dating tracers and selected anthropogenic and naturally occurring compounds were analyzed in multiple water samples from a public supply well (PSW) near Tampa, Florida. Samples also were collected from 28 monitoring wells in the UFA and the overlying surficial aquifer system (SAS) and intermediate confining unit located within the contributing recharge area to the PSW. Age tracer and geochemical data from the earlier stage of the study (2003 through 2005) were combined with new data (2006) on concentrations of sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>), tritium (<sup>3</sup>H), and helium-3, which were consistent with binary mixtures of water for the PSW dominated by young water (less than 7 years). Water samples from the SAS also indicated mostly young water (less than 7 years); however, most water samples from monitoring wells in the UFA had lower SF<sub>6</sub> and <sup>3</sup>H concentrations than the PSW and SAS, indicating mixtures containing high proportions of older water (more than 60 years). Vulnerability of the PSW to contamination was indicated by predominantly young water and elevated nitrate-N and volatile organic compound concentrations that were similar to those in the SAS. Elevated arsenic (As) concentrations (3 to 19 ??g/L) and higher As(V)/As(III) ratios in the PSW than in water from UFA monitoring wells indicate that oxic water from the SAS likely mobilizes As from pyrite in the UFA matrix. Young water found in the PSW also was present in UFA monitoring wells that tap a highly transmissive zone (43- to 53-m depth) in the UFA. ?? 2008 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00504.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Katz, B., McBride, W., Hunt, A., Crandall, C.A., Metz, P.A., Eberts, S.M., and Berndt, M.P., 2009, Vulnerability of a public supply well in a karstic aquifer to contamination: Ground Water, v. 47, no. 3, p. 438-452, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00504.x.","startPage":"438","endPage":"452","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215790,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00504.x"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc376e4b08c986b32b1bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McBride, W.S.","contributorId":100098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, A.G.","contributorId":68691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crandall, C. A.","contributorId":93943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crandall","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Metz, P. A.","contributorId":68706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metz","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eberts, S. M.","contributorId":28276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Berndt, M. P.","contributorId":74761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berndt","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70034837,"text":"70034837 - 2009 - Using nitrogen stable isotopes to detect longdistance movement in a threatened cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034837","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using nitrogen stable isotopes to detect longdistance movement in a threatened cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah)","docAbstract":"Interior cutthroat trout occupy small fractions of their historic ranges and existing populations often are relegated to headwater habitats. Conservation requires balancing protection for isolated genetically pure populations with restoration of migratory life histories by reconnecting corridors between headwater and mainstem habitats. Identification of alternative life history strategies within a population is critical to these efforts. We tested the application of nitrogen stable isotopes to discern fluvial from resident Bonneville cutthroat trout (BCT; Oncorhynchus clarkii utah) in a headwater stream. Fluvial BCT migrate from headwater streams with good water quality to mainstem habitats with impaired water quality. Resident BCT remain in headwater streams. We tested two predictions: (i) fluvial BCT have a higher ??<sup>15</sup>N than residents, and (ii) fluvial BCT ??<sup>15</sup>N reflects diet and ??<sup>15</sup>N enrichment characteristics of mainstem habitats. We found that fluvial ??<sup>15</sup>N was greater than resident ??<sup>15</sup>N and that ??<sup>15</sup>N was a better predictor of life history than fish size. Our data also showed that fluvial and resident BCT had high diet overlap in headwater sites and that ??<sup>15</sup>N of lower trophic levels was greater in mainstem sites than in headwater sites. We conclude that the high ??<sup>15</sup>N values of fluvial BCT were acquired in mainstem sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F09-020","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, A., Colyer, W., Lowe, W., and Vinson, M., 2009, Using nitrogen stable isotopes to detect longdistance movement in a threatened cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 66, no. 4, p. 672-682, https://doi.org/10.1139/F09-020.","startPage":"672","endPage":"682","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215932,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F09-020"}],"volume":"66","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc082e4b08c986b32a174","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, A.J.","contributorId":60044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colyer, W.T.","contributorId":104451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colyer","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowe, W.H.","contributorId":91961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"W.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vinson, M.R.","contributorId":44755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vinson","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035879,"text":"70035879 - 2009 - Development of regression models to estimate flow duration statistics at ungaged streams in Oklahoma using a regional approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035879","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of regression models to estimate flow duration statistics at ungaged streams in Oklahoma using a regional approach","docAbstract":"Multiple-regression analysis was used to develop equations for estimating annual and seasonal flow-duration statistics at ungaged streams in and near Oklahoma that are not substantially affected by human alteration. Ordinary least-squares and left-censored (Tobit) multiple-regression techniques were used to develop equations that relate these statistics, from continuous streamflow data at gaged locations with 10 or more years of record, to physical and climatic basin characteristics. Separate equations were developed to estimate these statistics for stations within similar hydrologic and geologic regions. Use of separate regressions by region substantially improved the accuracy of the estimate for streams in eastern and central Oklahoma when compared with estimating equations developed for the entire State, especially for regressions estimating lower flow duration values. For all regions, the equations were more reliable for estimating higher flow duration values. The accuracy of regressions for estimating flow duration statistics in western Oklahoma was very poor, especially for lower flow duration values. ?? 2009 ASCE.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers","conferenceTitle":"World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers","conferenceDate":"17 May 2009 through 21 May 2009","conferenceLocation":"Kansas City, MO","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/41036(342)486","isbn":"9780784410363","usgsCitation":"Esralew, R., 2009, Development of regression models to estimate flow duration statistics at ungaged streams in Oklahoma using a regional approach, <i>in</i> Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers, v. 342, Kansas City, MO, 17 May 2009 through 21 May 2009, p. 4819-4831, https://doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)486.","startPage":"4819","endPage":"4831","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216084,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)486"},{"id":243926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"342","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0062e4b0c8380cd4f729","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esralew, R.A.","contributorId":71030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esralew","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70034838,"text":"70034838 - 2009 - Numerical simulation of dune-flat bed transition and stage‐discharge relationship with hysteresis effect","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T14:15:30","indexId":"70034838","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical simulation of dune-flat bed transition and stage‐discharge relationship with hysteresis effect","docAbstract":"<p><span>This work presents recent advances on morphodynamic modeling of bed forms under unsteady discharge. This paper includes further development of a morphodynamic model proposed earlier by Giri and Shimizu (2006a). This model reproduces the temporal development of river dunes and accurately replicates the physical properties associated with bed form evolution. Model results appear to provide accurate predictions of bed form geometry and form drag over bed forms for arbitrary steady flows. However, accurate predictions of temporal changes of form drag are key to the prediction of stage‐discharge relation during flood events. Herein, the model capability is extended to replicate the dune–flat bed transition, and in turn, the variation of form drag produced by the temporal growth or decay of bed forms under unsteady flow conditions. Some numerical experiments are performed to analyze hysteresis of the stage‐discharge relationship caused by the transition between dune and flat bed regimes during rising and falling stages of varying flows. The numerical model successfully simulates dune–flat bed transition and the associated hysteresis of the stage‐discharge relationship; this is in good agreement with physical observations but has been treated in the past only using empirical methods. A hypothetical relationship for a sediment parameter (the mean step length) is proposed to a first level of approximation that enables reproduction of the dune–flat bed transition. The proposed numerical model demonstrates its ability to address an important practical problem associated with bed form evolution and flow resistance in varying flows.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR006830","usgsCitation":"Shimizu, Y., Giri, S., Yamaguchi, S., and Nelson, J.M., 2009, Numerical simulation of dune-flat bed transition and stage‐discharge relationship with hysteresis effect: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 4, Article W04429; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR006830.","productDescription":"Article W04429; 14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243770,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a691ce4b0c8380cd73b7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shimizu, Yasuyuki","contributorId":28875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shimizu","given":"Yasuyuki","affiliations":[{"id":25249,"text":"Univ. of Hokkaido, Sapporo,Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":447883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giri, Sanjay","contributorId":195320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giri","given":"Sanjay","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12474,"text":"Deltares, Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":447881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yamaguchi, Satomi","contributorId":189359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yamaguchi","given":"Satomi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035880,"text":"70035880 - 2009 - Measuring discharge with ADCPs: Inferences from synthetic velocity profiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035880","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Measuring discharge with ADCPs: Inferences from synthetic velocity profiles","docAbstract":"Synthetic velocity profiles are used to determine guidelines for sampling discharge with acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs). The analysis allows the effects of instrument characteristics, sampling parameters, and properties of the flow to be studied systematically. For mid-section measurements, the averaging time required for a single profile measurement always exceeded the 40 s usually recommended for velocity measurements, and it increased with increasing sample interval and increasing time scale of the large eddies. Similarly, simulations of transect measurements show that discharge error decreases as the number of large eddies sampled increases. The simulations allow sampling criteria that account for the physics of the flow to be developed. ?? 2009 ASCE.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers","conferenceTitle":"World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers","conferenceDate":"17 May 2009 through 21 May 2009","conferenceLocation":"Kansas City, MO","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/41036(342)303","isbn":"9780784410363","usgsCitation":"Rehmann, C., Mueller, D.S., and Oberg, K.A., 2009, Measuring discharge with ADCPs: Inferences from synthetic velocity profiles, <i>in</i> Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers, v. 342, Kansas City, MO, 17 May 2009 through 21 May 2009, p. 2987-2995, https://doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)303.","startPage":"2987","endPage":"2995","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216085,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)303"},{"id":243927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"342","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5347e4b0c8380cd6c98a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rehmann, C.R.","contributorId":7455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rehmann","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, D. S.","contributorId":51338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oberg, K. A.","contributorId":67553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035563,"text":"70035563 - 2009 - Geomorphic evolution of the Le Sueur River, Minnesota, USA, and implications for current sediment loading","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035563","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphic evolution of the Le Sueur River, Minnesota, USA, and implications for current sediment loading","docAbstract":"There is clear evidence that the Minnesota River is the major sediment source for Lake Pepin and that the Le Sueur River is a major source to the Minnesota River. Turbidity levels are high enough to require management actions. We take advantage of the well-constrained Holocene history of the Le Sueur basin and use a combination of remote sensing, fi eld, and stream gauge observations to constrain the contributions of different sediment sources to the Le Sueur River. Understanding the type, location, and magnitude of sediment sources is essential for unraveling the Holocene development of the basin as well as for guiding management decisions about investments to reduce sediment loads. Rapid base-level fall at the outlet of the Le Sueur River 11,500 yr B.P. triggered up to 70 m of channel incision at the mouth. Slope-area analyses of river longitudinal profi les show that knickpoints have migrated 30-35 km upstream on all three major branches of the river, eroding 1.2-2.6 ?? 109 Mg of sediment from the lower valleys in the process. The knick zones separate the basin into an upper watershed, receiving sediment primarily from uplands and streambanks, and a lower, incised zone, which receives additional sediment from high bluffs and ravines. Stream gauges installed above and below knick zones show dramatic increases in sediment loading above that expected from increases in drainage area, indicating substantial inputs from bluffs and ravines.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2451(08)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Gran, K., Belmont, P., Day, S., Jennings, C., Johnson, A.H., Perg, L., and Wilcock, P., 2009, Geomorphic evolution of the Le Sueur River, Minnesota, USA, and implications for current sediment loading: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 451, p. 119-130, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2451(08).","startPage":"119","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216184,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2451(08)"},{"id":244037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"451","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a278fe4b0c8380cd599c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gran, K.B.","contributorId":44688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gran","given":"K.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belmont, P.","contributorId":67322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belmont","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day, S.S.","contributorId":42805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jennings, C.","contributorId":78536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Aaron H.","contributorId":46971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":451255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Perg, L.","contributorId":89744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perg","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wilcock, P.R.","contributorId":36709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcock","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035888,"text":"70035888 - 2009 - Recommendations for control of pathogens and infectious diseases in fish research facilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-06T15:32:19","indexId":"70035888","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1296,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recommendations for control of pathogens and infectious diseases in fish research facilities","docAbstract":"<p>Concerns about infectious diseases in fish used for research have risen along with the dramatic increase in the use of fish as models in biomedical research. In addition to acute diseases causing severe morbidity and mortality, underlying chronic conditions that cause low-grade or subclinical infections may confound research results. Here we present recommendations and strategies to avoid or minimize the impacts of infectious agents in fishes maintained in the research setting. There are distinct differences in strategies for control of pathogens in fish used for research compared to fishes reared as pets or in aquaculture. Also, much can be learned from strategies and protocols for control of diseases in rodents used in research, but there are differences. This is due, in part, the unique aquatic environment that is modified by the source and quality of the water provided and the design of facilities. The process of control of pathogens and infectious diseases in fish research facilities is relatively new, and will be an evolving process over time. Nevertheless, the goal of documenting, detecting, and excluding pathogens in fish is just as important as in mammalian research models.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.08.001","issn":"15320456","usgsCitation":"Kent, M., Feist, S., Harper, C., Hoogstraten-Miller, S., Law, J., Sanchez-Morgado, J.M., Tanguay, R., Sanders, G., Spitsbergen, J., and Whipps, C.M., 2009, Recommendations for control of pathogens and infectious diseases in fish research facilities: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, v. 149, no. 2, p. 240-248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.08.001.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"240","endPage":"248","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476169,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3270489","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"149","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a968de4b0c8380cd8206f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kent, M.L.","contributorId":108058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feist, S.W.","contributorId":36382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feist","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harper, C.","contributorId":19380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoogstraten-Miller, S.","contributorId":100641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoogstraten-Miller","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Law, J.M.","contributorId":86995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sanchez-Morgado, J. M.","contributorId":21371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez-Morgado","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tanguay, R.L.","contributorId":45927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanguay","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sanders, G.E.","contributorId":49615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Spitsbergen, J.M.","contributorId":25791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spitsbergen","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Whipps, Christopher M.","contributorId":92844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whipps","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70035560,"text":"70035560 - 2009 - A new syringe pump apparatus for the retrieval and temporal analysis of helium in groundwaters and geothermal fluids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T10:25:22","indexId":"70035560","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new syringe pump apparatus for the retrieval and temporal analysis of helium in groundwaters and geothermal fluids","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present details of a newly designed syringe pump apparatus for the retrieval and temporal analysis of helium (SPARTAH). The device is composed of a commercially available syringe pump connected to coils of Cu tubing, which interface the syringe and the groundwater or geothermal wellhead. Through test deployments at geothermal wells in Iceland and California, we show that well fluids are drawn smoothly, accurately, and continuously into the Cu tubing and can be time‐stamped through user‐determined operating parameters. In the laboratory, the tubing is sectioned to reveal helium (He) characteristics of the fluids at times and for durations of interest. The device is capable of prolonged deployments, up to 6 months or more, with minimal maintenance. It can be used to produce detailed time series records of He, or any other geochemical parameter, in groundwaters and geothermal fluids. SPARTAH has application in monitoring projects assessing the relationship between external transient events (e.g., earthquakes) and geochemical signals in aqueous fluids.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2009GC002422","issn":"15252027","usgsCitation":"Barry, P., Hilton, D.R., Tryon, M., Brown, K.M., and Kulongoski, J., 2009, A new syringe pump apparatus for the retrieval and temporal analysis of helium in groundwaters and geothermal fluids: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 10, no. 5, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002422.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216156,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002422"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4b8e4b0c8380cd4688d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barry, P.H.","contributorId":27701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barry","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hilton, David R.","contributorId":37116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilton","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tryon, M.D.","contributorId":100640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tryon","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, K. M.","contributorId":16432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kulongoski, J.T. 0000-0002-3498-4154","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":61213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037163,"text":"70037163 - 2009 - Making fired bricks with spent equilibrium catalyst-a technical feasibility study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T19:14:24.131528","indexId":"70037163","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2459,"text":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Making fired bricks with spent equilibrium catalyst-a technical feasibility study","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fluid catalytic cracking in an oil refinery uses a catalyst, such as an alumino-silicate zeolite, in the conversion of heavy hydrocarbons to light hydrocarbons. A small fraction of the catalyst is continually replaced with fresh catalyst to maintain activity. In North America, more than 400 tons of spent alumino-silicate equilibrium catalyst (spent e-cat), and worldwide, more than 1,100 tons, are generated daily, most of which is disposed of in landfills (municipal and on-site facilities). In this study, three spent e-cat samples were tested in a value-added application that would utilize this waste in the manufacturing of fired bricks. The results of this study indicate that spent e-cat is a technically feasible raw material substitute for the clay and shale commonly used in fired brick production. Fired bricks produced with up to 30 wt% of spent e-cat showed good physical appearance and their water absorption properties met the ASTM C 62 specifications for building bricks of either the moderate- or severe-weathering grade.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","doi":"10.5276/JSWTM.2009.200","issn":"10881697","usgsCitation":"Chou, M., Chen, L., Lai, Y., and Chou, S., 2009, Making fired bricks with spent equilibrium catalyst-a technical feasibility study: Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management, v. 35, no. 4, p. 200-208, https://doi.org/10.5276/JSWTM.2009.200.","productDescription":"9  p.","startPage":"200","endPage":"208","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":384098,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c37e4b0c8380cd69abf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, M.-L.","contributorId":54440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"M.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, L.-M.","contributorId":18602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"L.-M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lai, Y.-C.","contributorId":101121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lai","given":"Y.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chou, S.-F.","contributorId":69819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"S.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034690,"text":"70034690 - 2009 - Sources of uncertainty in flood inundation maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-08T15:42:25","indexId":"70034690","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2289,"text":"Journal of Flood Risk Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of uncertainty in flood inundation maps","docAbstract":"Flood inundation maps typically have been used to depict inundated areas for floods having specific exceedance levels. The uncertainty associated with the inundation boundaries is seldom quantified, in part, because all of the sources of uncertainty are not recognized and because data available to quantify uncertainty seldom are available. Sources of uncertainty discussed in this paper include hydrologic data used for hydraulic model development and validation, topographic data, and the hydraulic model. The assumption of steady flow, which typically is made to produce inundation maps, has less of an effect on predicted inundation at lower flows than for higher flows because more time typically is required to inundate areas at high flows than at low flows. Difficulties with establishing reasonable cross sections that do not intersect and that represent water-surface slopes in tributaries contribute additional uncertainties in the hydraulic modelling. As a result, uncertainty in the flood inundation polygons simulated with a one-dimensional model increases with distance from the main channel.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Flood Risk Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England","doi":"10.1111/j.1753-318X.2009.01029.x","usgsCitation":"Bales, J., and Wagner, C.R., 2009, Sources of uncertainty in flood inundation maps: Journal of Flood Risk Management, v. 2, no. 2, p. 139-147, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-318X.2009.01029.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"147","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476446,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-318x.2009.01029.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215601,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-318X.2009.01029.x"},{"id":243415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9397e4b08c986b31a59d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, J. D.","contributorId":21569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, C. R.","contributorId":102881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}