{"pageNumber":"86","pageRowStart":"2125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11370,"records":[{"id":70135748,"text":"ofr20141254 - 2015 - Evaluating and ranking threats to the long-term persistence of polar bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T10:58:16","indexId":"ofr20141254","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-12T08:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1254","title":"Evaluating and ranking threats to the long-term persistence of polar bears","docAbstract":"<p><span>The polar bear (</span><i>Ursus maritimus</i><span>) was listed as a globally threatened species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 2008, mostly due to the significant threat to their future population viability from rapidly declining Arctic sea ice. A core mandate of the ESA is the development of a recovery plan that identifies steps to maintain viable populations of a listed species. A substantive evaluation of the relative influence of putative threats to population persistence is helpful to recovery planning. Because management actions must often be taken in the face of substantial information gaps, a formalized evaluation hypothesizing potential stressors and their relationships with population persistence can improve identification of relevant conservation actions. To this end, we updated a Bayesian network model previously used to forecast the future status of polar bears worldwide. We used new information on actual and predicted sea ice loss and polar bear responses to evaluate the relative influence of plausible threats and their mitigation through management actions on the persistence of polar bears in four ecoregions. We found that polar bear outcomes worsened over time through the end of the century under both stabilized and unabated greenhouse gas (GHG) emission pathways. Under the unabated pathway (i.e., RCP 8.5), the time it took for polar bear populations in two of four ecoregions to reach a dominant probability of greatly decreased was hastened by about 25 years. Under the stabilized GHG emission pathway (i.e., RCP 4.5), where GHG emissions peak around the year 2040, the polar bear population in the Archipelago Ecoregion of High Arctic Canada never reached a dominant probability of greatly decreased, reinforcing earlier suggestions of this ecoregion&rsquo;s potential to serve as a long-term refugium. The most influential drivers of adverse polar bear outcomes were declines to overall sea ice conditions and to the marine prey base. Improved sea ice conditions substantively lowered the probability of a decreased or greatly decreased outcome, while an elevated marine prey base was slightly less influential in lowering the probability of a decreased or greatly decreased outcome. Stressors associated with in situ human activities exerted considerably less influence on population outcomes. Reduced mortality from hunting and defense of life and property interactions resulted inmodest declines in the probability of a decreased or greatly decreased population outcome. Minimizing other stressors such as trans-Arctic shipping, oil and gas exploration, and point-source pollution had negligible effects on polar bear outcomes, but that could be attributed to uncertainties in the ecological relevance of those specific stressors. Our findings suggest adverse consequences of loss of sea ice habitat become more pronounced as the summer ice-free period lengthens beyond 4 months, which could occur in portions of the Arctic by the middle of this century under the unabated pathway. The long-term persistence of polar bears may be achieved through ameliorating the loss of sea ice habitat, which will likely require stabilizing CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>emissions at or below the ceiling represented by RCP 4.5. Management of other stressors may serve to slow the transition of polar bear populations to progressively worsened outcomes, and improve the prospects of persistence, pending GHG mitigation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141254","usgsCitation":"Atwood, T.C., Marcot, B., Douglas, D., Amstrup, S.C., Rode, K.D., Durner, G.M., and Bromaghin, J.F., 2015, Evaluating and ranking threats to the long-term persistence of polar bears: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1254, vi, 114 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141254.","productDescription":"vi, 114 p.","numberOfPages":"124","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059609","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297120,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141254.jpg"},{"id":297118,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1254/"},{"id":297119,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1254/pdf/ofr2014-1254.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -172.96875,\n              45.583289756006316\n            ],\n            [\n              -172.96875,\n              85.0511287798066\n            ],\n            [\n              180.703125,\n              85.0511287798066\n            ],\n            [\n              180.703125,\n              45.583289756006316\n            ],\n            [\n              -172.96875,\n              45.583289756006316\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a74e4b08de9379b3072","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atwood, Todd C. 0000-0002-1971-3110 tatwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110","contributorId":4368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"Todd","email":"tatwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marcot, Bruce G.","contributorId":58015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcot","given":"Bruce G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rode, Karyn D. 0000-0002-3328-8202 krode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-8202","contributorId":5053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rode","given":"Karyn","email":"krode@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. 0000-0002-7209-9500 jbromaghin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7209-9500","contributorId":139899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromaghin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jbromaghin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70147433,"text":"70147433 - 2015 - Environmental contaminants and chromosomal damage associated with beak deformities in a resident North American passerine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:43:21","indexId":"70147433","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental contaminants and chromosomal damage associated with beak deformities in a resident North American passerine","docAbstract":"<p><span>A large cluster of beak abnormalities among black-capped chickadees (</span><i>Poecile atricapillus</i><span>) in Alaska raised concern about underlying environmental factors in this region. Metals and trace elements, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD-Fs) were analyzed in adults, nestlings, and eggs of the affected population; local bird seed was also tested for organochlorine pesticides. The results offered no support for the hypothesis that selenium or any other inorganic element was responsible for beak deformities among chickadees, but some evidence that organochlorine compounds may be contributing factors. Adults with beak deformities had an elevated level of chromosomal damage, which was correlated with lipid level and concentrations of several organochlorine compounds. Multivariate analyses of pesticides and PCBs did not distinguish abnormal from normal adults, but subsequent univariate analysis demonstrated higher concentrations of heptachlor epoxide and PCB-123 in abnormal adults. Concentrations of all organochlorine compounds were low, and none is known to cause beak or keratin abnormalities. Patterns of PCB congener concentrations differed between nestlings with normal and abnormal parents. Eggs from clutches with low hatchability had higher concentrations of hexachlorobenzene and PCDD-Fs than those with high hatching success, and hexachlorobenzene was found in seeds. Additional testing for PCDD-Fs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and other emerging contaminants, including brominated compounds, is needed to rule out environmental contaminants as a cause of beak deformities in chickadees in Alaska.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.2799","usgsCitation":"Handel, C.M., and Van Hemert, C.R., 2015, Environmental contaminants and chromosomal damage associated with beak deformities in a resident North American passerine: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 34, no. 2, p. 314-327, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2799.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"314","endPage":"327","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055048","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5544a3aae4b0a658d79478b8","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/etc.2799","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.2799","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Handel Colleen M., Van Hemert Caroline","journalName":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","publicationDate":"1/6/2015","auditedOn":"12/19/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Hemert, Caroline R. 0000-0002-6858-7165 cvanhemert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-7165","contributorId":3592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Hemert","given":"Caroline","email":"cvanhemert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70143081,"text":"70143081 - 2015 - Prevalence and spatio-temporal variation of an alopecia syndrome in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the southern Beaufort Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-20T15:33:42.68495","indexId":"70143081","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Prevalence and spatio-temporal variation of an alopecia syndrome in polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>) of the southern Beaufort Sea","title":"Prevalence and spatio-temporal variation of an alopecia syndrome in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the southern Beaufort Sea","docAbstract":"<p><span>Alopecia (hair loss) has been observed in several marine mammal species and has potential energetic consequences for sustaining a normal core body temperature, especially for Arctic marine mammals routinely exposed to harsh environmental conditions. Polar bears (</span><i>Ursus maritimus</i><span>) rely on a thick layer of adipose tissue and a dense pelage to ameliorate convective heat loss while moving between sea ice and open water. From 1998 to 2012, we observed an alopecia syndrome in polar bears from the southern Beaufort Sea of Alaska that presented as bilaterally asymmetrical loss of guard hairs and thinning of the undercoat around the head, neck, and shoulders, which, in severe cases, was accompanied by exudation and crusted skin lesions. Alopecia was observed in 49 (3.45%) of the bears sampled during 1,421 captures, and the apparent prevalence varied by years with peaks occurring in 1999 (16%) and 2012 (28%). The probability that a bear had alopecia was greatest for subadults and for bears captured in the Prudhoe Bay region, and alopecic individuals had a lower body condition score than unaffected individuals. The cause of the syndrome remains unknown and future work should focus on identifying the causative agent and potential effects on population vital rates.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.7589/2013-11-301","usgsCitation":"Atwood, T.C., Peacock, E.L., Burek, K., Shearn-Bochsler, V.I., Bodenstein, B.L., Beckmen, K.B., and Durner, G.M., 2015, Prevalence and spatio-temporal variation of an alopecia syndrome in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the southern Beaufort Sea: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 51, no. 1, p. 48-59, https://doi.org/10.7589/2013-11-301.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055759","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298643,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -153.193359375,\n              68.87935761076949\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.68359374999999,\n              68.87935761076949\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.68359374999999,\n              73.50346063726599\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.193359375,\n              73.50346063726599\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.193359375,\n              68.87935761076949\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55095032e4b02e76d757e630","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atwood, Todd C. 0000-0002-1971-3110 tatwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110","contributorId":4368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"Todd","email":"tatwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peacock, Elizabeth L. 0000-0001-7279-0329 lpeacock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7279-0329","contributorId":3361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peacock","given":"Elizabeth","email":"lpeacock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burek, K.A.","contributorId":82937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burek","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie I. 0000-0002-5590-6518 vbochsler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5590-6518","contributorId":3234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearn-Bochsler","given":"Valerie","email":"vbochsler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bodenstein, Barbara L. 0000-0001-7946-0103 bbodenstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7946-0103","contributorId":4389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodenstein","given":"Barbara","email":"bbodenstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beckmen, Kimberlee B.","contributorId":12770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beckmen","given":"Kimberlee","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70143866,"text":"70143866 - 2015 - Density dependence and phenological mismatch: consequences for growth and survival of sub-arctic nesting Canada Geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-23T14:40:23","indexId":"70143866","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":947,"text":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Density dependence and phenological mismatch: consequences for growth and survival of sub-arctic nesting Canada Geese","docAbstract":"<p>The extent to which species are plastic in the timing of their reproductive events relative to phenology suggests how change might affect their demography. An ecological mismatch between the timing of hatch for avian species and the peak availability in quality and quantity of forage for rapidly growing offspring might ultimately affect recruitment to the breeding population unless individuals can adjust the timing of breeding to adapt to changing phenology. We evaluated effects of goose density, hatch timing relative to forage plant phenology, and weather indices on annual growth of pre-fledging Canada geese (Branta canadensis) from 1993-2010 at Akimiski Island, Nunavut. We found effects of both density and hatch timing relative to forage plant phenology; the earlier that eggs hatched relative to forage plant phenology, the larger the mean gosling size near fledging. Goslings were smallest in years when hatch was latest relative to forage plant phenology, and when local abundance of breeding adults was highest. We found no evidence for a trend in relative hatch timing, but it was apparent that in early springs, Canada geese tended to hatch later relative to vegetation phenology, suggesting that geese were not always able to adjust the timing of nesting as rapidly as vegetation phenology was advanced. Analyses using forage biomass information revealed a positive relationship between gosling size and per capita biomass availability, suggesting a causal mechanism for the density effect. The effects of weather parameters explained additional variation in mean annual gosling size, although total June and July rainfall had a small additive effect on gosling size. Modelling of annual first year survival probability using mean annual gosling size as an annual covariate revealed a positive relationship, suggesting that reduced gosling growth negatively impacts recruitment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Canadian Ornithologists","publisherLocation":"Waterloo, ON","doi":"10.5751/ACE-00708-100101","usgsCitation":"Brook, R.W., Leafloor, J.O., Douglas, D.C., and Abraham, K., 2015, Density dependence and phenological mismatch: consequences for growth and survival of sub-arctic nesting Canada Geese: Avian Conservation and Ecology, v. 10, no. 1, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.5751/ACE-00708-100101.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056605","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5751/ace-00708-100101","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55113941e4b02e76d75b50d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brook, Rodney W.","contributorId":92083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brook","given":"Rodney","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leafloor, James O.","contributorId":111512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leafloor","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abraham, Kenneth F.","contributorId":32215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"Kenneth F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70200474,"text":"70200474 - 2015 - Evaluation of development options for Alaska North Slope viscous and heavy oil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T13:42:20","indexId":"70200474","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T13:42:04","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of development options for Alaska North Slope viscous and heavy oil","docAbstract":"<p><span>Current estimates of discovered viscous and heavy oil in Alaska’s North Slope are 12 billion barrels of oil-in-place and 12–18 billion barrels of oil-in-place, respectively (see Appendix&nbsp;</span><span class=\"InternalRef\"><a href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11053-014-9240-1#Sec16\" data-mce-href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11053-014-9240-1#Sec16\">1</a></span><span>&nbsp;for conversion to SI units). Since the early 1990s to the end of 2010, cumulative viscous oil production has amounted to 150 million barrels, and there has been no commercial production of heavy oil. During the last three decades, the industry has been challenged to develop technologies to commercially produce these untapped oil resources in this Arctic environment. In this paper, the general locations and geologic properties of the viscous oil-bearing West Sak/Schrader Bluff and heavy oil-bearing Ugnu stratigraphic intervals are described first. The geologic variability within these deposits and the evolution of technology have forced an incremental development approach, requiring costly field testing at the pilot scale of innovative extraction techniques. Although viscous oil is currently produced, its development is not mature, and firms appear to be still spending large sums on new approaches to improve recovery. The analysis specifies a representative viscous oil project and then applies a “real options” framework using simulation to determine whether the risked expected project value is sufficient to fund required expenditures on extraction process research and field testing. Computations show available field test funds to be highly sensitive to the operator’s hurdle rate of return as well as the range in magnitude of potential State revenues. The contribution of the paper is solving this problem using an approach where the extreme low return and high scenarios need only be specified, and where the uncertainties are modeled with beta distributions based on historical data or expert opinion.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11053-014-9240-1","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., and Freeman, P., 2015, Evaluation of development options for Alaska North Slope viscous and heavy oil: Natural Resources Research, v. 24, no. 1, p. 85-106, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-014-9240-1.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"106","ipdsId":"IP-052147","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"24","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10b345e4b034bf6a7e9c20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, Philip A. 0000-0002-0863-7431 pfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":193093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Philip A.","email":"pfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70156098,"text":"70156098 - 2015 - Avian cholera causes marine bird mortality in the Bering Sea of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-10T17:56:33.772136","indexId":"70156098","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian cholera causes marine bird mortality in the Bering Sea of Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>The first known avian cholera outbreak among wild birds in Alaska occurred during November 2013. Liver, intestinal, and splenic necrosis consistent with avian cholera was noted, and&nbsp;</span><i>Pasteurella multocida</i><span>&nbsp;serotype 1 was isolated from liver and lung or spleen in Crested Auklets (</span><i>Aethia cristatella</i><span>), Thick-billed Murres (</span><i>Uria lomvia</i><span>), Common Eider (</span><i>Somateria mollissima</i><span>), Northern Fulmars (</span><i>Fulmarus glacialis</i><span>), and Glaucous-winged Gulls (</span><i>Larus glaucescens</i><span>).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.7589/2014-12-273","usgsCitation":"Bodenstein, B., Beckmen, K.B., Sheffield, G., Kuletz, K., Van Hemert, C.R., Berlowski-Zier, B.M., and Shearn-Bochsler, V.I., 2015, Avian cholera causes marine bird mortality in the Bering Sea of Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 51, no. 4, p. 934-937, https://doi.org/10.7589/2014-12-273.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"934","endPage":"937","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061339","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306788,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.54771439905798,\n              58.85256291333002\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.40232438588012,\n              59.18982603722077\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.02071610467578,\n              58.79255346814236\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.55705904082444,\n              59.21681779315787\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.1613914546787,\n              59.01200967891103\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.31375477185364,\n              59.30693536873477\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.44380589015475,\n              58.82077219214489\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.49955310365613,\n              59.64968870842026\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.3552604898973,\n              60.31097849087797\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.2425172127685,\n              60.06440117643018\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.10993847741935,\n              61.094239299108864\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.3937332669886,\n              61.184524008948756\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.2358994268719,\n              61.31191210647964\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.41286465463398,\n              61.746518432329964\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.3078892374168,\n              61.99107945378489\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.53621144581396,\n              62.4656914861705\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.9952362512525,\n              63.047102728602766\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.26651163162472,\n              62.72790862803359\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.98194140337384,\n              63.272370627844424\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.11599114195548,\n              63.276103531011216\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.38787759138438,\n              63.75852159900117\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.6774024285751,\n              64.4346615847708\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.4588499947019,\n              64.73952931595119\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.90555441751272,\n              65.1081640507694\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.59271998143387,\n              64.69449755828066\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.94471478347978,\n              64.64267808965167\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.11481101875492,\n              64.86545708244952\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.96306996131125,\n              65.3198271029045\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.1266104389478,\n              65.70265104277405\n            ],\n            [\n              -179.14556909383165,\n              60.105671564410414\n            ],\n            [\n              -182.7483104067935,\n              51.90337087297908\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.488382121987,\n              51.826097994736244\n            ],\n            [\n              -177.58159620539348,\n              51.691037964247386\n            ],\n            [\n              -174.2040674431434,\n              51.97662667704455\n            ],\n            [\n              -170.85209210295105,\n              52.59592515472659\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.37921321701273,\n              53.292074428456914\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.67722782816415,\n              54.524047653757094\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.97707204618584,\n              55.427010236592025\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.1868039784029,\n              56.27645821212528\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.39467269982808,\n              57.28646297908412\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.11711231824296,\n              58.306839448113806\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.54771439905798,\n              58.85256291333002\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d305ace4b0518e35468cda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodenstein, Barbara L. 0000-0001-7946-0103 bbodenstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7946-0103","contributorId":139354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodenstein","given":"Barbara L.","email":"bbodenstein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beckmen, Kimberlee B.","contributorId":12770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beckmen","given":"Kimberlee","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheffield, Gay","contributorId":257533,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheffield","given":"Gay","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52049,"text":"Alaska Sea Grant","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuletz, Kathy","contributorId":258855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuletz","given":"Kathy","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Van Hemert, Caroline R. 0000-0002-6858-7165 cvanhemert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-7165","contributorId":3592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Hemert","given":"Caroline","email":"cvanhemert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Berlowski-Zier, Brenda M. 0000-0002-7922-8352 bberlowski-zier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-8352","contributorId":4288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berlowski-Zier","given":"Brenda","email":"bberlowski-zier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie I. 0000-0002-5590-6518 vbochsler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5590-6518","contributorId":3234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearn-Bochsler","given":"Valerie","email":"vbochsler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70148531,"text":"70148531 - 2015 - Fast and efficient: postnatal growth and energy expenditure in an Arctic-breeding waterbird, the Red-throated Loon (<i>Gavia stellata</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T15:17:15","indexId":"70148531","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fast and efficient: postnatal growth and energy expenditure in an Arctic-breeding waterbird, the Red-throated Loon (<i>Gavia stellata</i>)","docAbstract":"<p>Environmental conditions can exert a strong influence on the growth and energy demands of chicks. We hypothesized that postnatal growth in a cold, aquatic environment would require a high level of energy metabolism in semiprecocial Red-throated Loon (<i>Gavia stellata</i>) chicks. We measured body-mass growth and daily energy expenditure (DEE) of free-ranging chicks in the Arctic. We used daily gains in body mass and DEE to estimate daily metabolizable energy (DME, kJ day<sup>-1</sup>) and total metabolizable energy (TME, kJ chick<sup>-1</sup>). Chicks gained body mass quickly, with a logistic growth rate constant 57% greater than the allometric prediction, yet were at only 60% of adult body mass at fledging. Males grew at a rate similar to that of females but for a slightly longer duration and so reached an asymptotic body mass 23% greater, and tarsus length 8% longer, than that of females. Chick growth performance was similar between first- and second-hatched chicks within broods of 2, which suggests that food availability was not limited. DEE increased in proportion to body mass, and DME peaked at 1,214 kJ day<sup>-1</sup> on day 25 posthatching. Over the average 49-day postnatal period, TME was 49.0 MJ, which is within the range of error of the allometric prediction. Parents provided 58.6 MJ as food to meet this energy requirement. Given this chick energy requirement and the range of energy content of prey observed in the chick diet, selecting prey with higher energy content would greatly reduce adult provisioning effort. Red-throated Loon chicks did not have a high postnatal energy requirement, but rather grew quickly and fledged at a small size-with the effect of reducing the length of the postnatal period and, consequently, parental energy investment in chicks.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/AUK-14-261.1","usgsCitation":"Rizzolo, D., Schmutz, J.A., and Speakman, J.R., 2015, Fast and efficient: postnatal growth and energy expenditure in an Arctic-breeding waterbird, the Red-throated Loon (<i>Gavia stellata</i>): The Auk, v. 132, no. 3, p. 657-670, https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-14-261.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"657","endPage":"670","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060084","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/auk-14-261.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":301192,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"557c02cce4b023124e8edf13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rizzolo, Daniel drizzolo@usgs.gov","contributorId":5631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rizzolo","given":"Daniel","email":"drizzolo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Speakman, John R.","contributorId":127833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Speakman","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7165,"text":"University of Aberdeen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70148533,"text":"70148533 - 2015 - Population genetic structure of moose (<i>Alces alces</i>) of South-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:08:23","indexId":"70148533","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":693,"text":"Alces","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population genetic structure of moose (<i>Alces alces</i>) of South-central Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The location of a population can influence its genetic structure and diversity by impacting the degree of isolation and connectivity to other populations. Populations at range margins are often thought to have less genetic variation and increased genetic structure, and a reduction in genetic diversity can have negative impacts on the health of a population. We explored the genetic diversity and connectivity between 3 peripheral populations of moose (<i>Alces alces</i>) with differing potential for connectivity to other areas within interior Alaska. Populations on the Kenai Peninsula and from the Anchorage region were found to be significantly differentiated (F<sub>ST</sub>= 0.071, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001) with lower levels of genetic diversity observed within the Kenai population. Bayesian analyses employing assignment methodologies uncovered little evidence of contemporary gene flow between Anchorage and Kenai, suggesting regional isolation. Although gene flow outside the peninsula is restricted, high levels of gene flow were detected within the Kenai that is explained by male-biased dispersal. Furthermore, gene flow estimates differed across time scales on the Kenai Peninsula which may have been influenced by demographic fluctuations correlated, at least in part, with habitat change.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Lakehead University","publisherLocation":"Thunder Bay, Ontario","usgsCitation":"Wilson, R.E., McDonough, J.T., Barboza, P.S., Talbot, S.L., and Farley, S.D., 2015, Population genetic structure of moose (<i>Alces alces</i>) of South-central Alaska: Alces, v. 51, p. 71-86.","productDescription":"16","startPage":"71","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058292","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301189,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":301143,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://alcesjournal.org/index.php/alces/article/view/143/188"}],"volume":"51","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"557c02dde4b023124e8edf33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Robert E. 0000-0003-1800-0183 rewilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1800-0183","contributorId":5718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Robert","email":"rewilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonough, John T.","contributorId":49827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonough","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barboza, Perry S.","contributorId":36454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barboza","given":"Perry","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Farley, Sean D.","contributorId":27642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farley","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70147981,"text":"70147981 - 2015 - A likelihood-based approach for assessment of extra-pair paternity and conspecific brood parasitism in natural populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-11T09:17:24","indexId":"70147981","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2776,"text":"Molecular Ecology Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A likelihood-based approach for assessment of extra-pair paternity and conspecific brood parasitism in natural populations","docAbstract":"<p>Genotypes are frequently used to assess alternative reproductive strategies such as extra-pair paternity and conspecific brood parasitism in wild populations. However, such analyses are vulnerable to genotyping error or molecular artifacts that can bias results. For example, when using multilocus microsatellite data, a mismatch at a single locus, suggesting the offspring was not directly related to its putative parents, can occur quite commonly even when the offspring is truly related. Some recent studies have advocated an ad-hoc rule that offspring must differ at more than one locus in order to conclude that they are not directly related. While this reduces the frequency with which true offspring are identified as not directly related young, it also introduces bias in the opposite direction, wherein not directly related young are categorized as true offspring. More importantly, it ignores the additional information on allele frequencies which would reduce overall bias. In this study, we present a novel technique for assessing extra-pair paternity and conspecific brood parasitism using a likelihood-based approach in a new version of program cervus. We test the suitability of the technique by applying it to a simulated data set and then present an example to demonstrate its influence on the estimation of alternative reproductive strategies.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England","doi":"10.1111/1755-0998.12287","usgsCitation":"Lemons, P.R., Marshall, T., McCloskey, S., Sethi, S., Schmutz, J.A., and Sedinger, J.S., 2015, A likelihood-based approach for assessment of extra-pair paternity and conspecific brood parasitism in natural populations: Molecular Ecology Resources, v. 15, no. 1, p. 107-116, https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12287.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057153","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300262,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5551d2ace4b0a92fa7e93bc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemons, Patrick R.","contributorId":11014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemons","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marshall, T.C.","contributorId":140668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshall","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCloskey, Sarah E. smccloskey@usgs.gov","contributorId":4850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCloskey","given":"Sarah E.","email":"smccloskey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sethi, S.A.","contributorId":140669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sethi","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70156491,"text":"70156491 - 2015 - How are your berries? Perspectives of Alaska’s environmental managers on trends in wild berry abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T15:02:36","indexId":"70156491","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5013,"text":"International Journal of Circumpolar Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How are your berries? Perspectives of Alaska’s environmental managers on trends in wild berry abundance","docAbstract":"<div id=\"st1\" class=\"sec sec-first\"><p><strong>Background</strong>: Wild berries are a valued traditional food in Alaska. Phytochemicals in wild berries may contribute to the prevention of vascular disease, cancer and cognitive decline, making berry consumption important to community health in rural areas. Little was known regarding which species of berries were important to Alaskan communities, the number of species typically picked in communities and whether recent environmental change has affected berry abundance or quality.</p><p><strong>Objective</strong>: To identify species of wild berries that were consumed by people in different ecological regions of Alaska and to determine if perceived berry abundance was changing for some species or in some regions.</p><p><strong>Design</strong>: We asked tribal environmental managers throughout Alaska for their views on which among 12 types of wild berries were important to their communities and whether berry harvests over the past decade were different than in previous years. We received responses from 96 individuals in 73 communities.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Berries that were considered very important to communities differed among ecological regions of Alaska. Low-bush blueberry (<i>Vaccinium uliginosum</i>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<i>V. caespitosum</i>), cloudberry (<i>Rubus chamaemorus</i>) and salmonberry (<i>Rubus spectabilis</i>) were most frequently identified as very important berries for communities in the boreal, polar and maritime ecoregions, respectively. For 7 of the 12 berries on the survey, a majority of respondents indicated that in the past decade abundance had either declined or become more variable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Our study is an example of how environmental managers and participants in local observer networks can report on the status of wild resources in rural Alaska. Their observations suggest that there have been changes in the productivity of some wild berries in the past decade, resulting in greater uncertainty among communities regarding the security of berry harvests. Monitoring and experimental studies are needed to determine how environmental change may affect berry abundance.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.3402/ijch.v74.28704","usgsCitation":"Hupp, J.W., Brubaker, M., Wilkinson, K.S., and Williamson, J., 2015, How are your berries? Perspectives of Alaska’s environmental managers on trends in wild berry abundance: International Journal of Circumpolar Health, v. 74, no. 1, Article 28704; 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v74.28704.","productDescription":"Article 28704; 9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064557","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v74.28704","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311455,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-141.0007667541504,69.64681951728146],[-141.064453125,69.80172356231073],[-141.767578125,69.96043926902489],[-142.734375,70.1478274118401],[-143.26171875,70.25945200030638],[-144.99755859375,70.1925497583889],[-146.14013671875,70.21487465331137],[-147.43652343749997,70.32613725493573],[-148.40332031249997,70.51024068514326],[-149.47998046875,70.63448406630856],[-149.85351562499997,70.63448406630856],[-150.64453125,70.59802116106809],[-151.611328125,70.61261423801925],[-151.8310546875,70.7724429742589],[-152.02880859375,70.90226826757711],[-152.666015625,71.0098110139634],[-153.52294921875,71.05979781529196],[-154.31396484375,70.95969716686398],[-154.70947265625,71.20191973293133],[-155.41259765625,71.3219146980122],[-156.46728515625,71.45515260247822],[-157.10449218749997,71.34301347171373],[-157.58789062499997,71.21607526596131],[-157.91748046875,70.99550574822297],[-158.62060546875,70.9883492241249],[-159.30175781249997,70.98119010476937],[-159.98291015625,70.94535555009823],[-160.51025390625,70.73622993891799],[-160.90576171875,70.58341752317065],[-161.5869140625,70.45150843439349],[-161.78466796875,70.45885925640687],[-162.5537109375,70.34092679475283],[-163.05908203125,70.09552886456429],[-163.388671875,69.81689109911446],[-163.564453125,69.51914693717981],[-164.02587890625,69.15474044269264],[-164.90478515625,69.03714171275197],[-165.69580078124997,68.97416358340674],[-166.26708984375,69.01354605132325],[-166.376953125,68.80004113882613],[-166.66259765624997,68.5443150407769],[-167.1240234375,68.39918004344189],[-166.61865234375,68.17155518732503],[-166.5087890625,67.99110834539984],[-165.87158203125,67.8672645403614],[-164.61914062499997,67.47492238478702],[-164.24560546874997,67.23806155909902],[-164.091796875,67.02458758377148],[-163.10302734375,66.87834504307976],[-163.05908203125,66.73990169639414],[-162.66357421875,66.58321725728175],[-162.333984375,66.48697584176404],[-162.3779296875,66.34632215978135],[-163.2568359375,66.31103501145373],[-163.19091796875,66.55700652350038],[-163.76220703124997,66.73990169639414],[-164.46533203125,66.69647781801481],[-165.30029296875,66.55700652350038],[-166.1572265625,66.41674787052298],[-166.9482421875,66.24916310923315],[-167.3876953125,66.01801815922045],[-168.42041015625,65.56754970214311],[-168.02490234375,65.33017791526855],[-167.45361328125,65.18303007291382],[-166.9921875,64.86760781632728],[-166.7724609375,64.49172504435471],[-165.69580078124997,64.24459476798195],[-164.59716796875,64.29229248039543],[-164.13574218749997,64.26368374017731],[-163.49853515625,64.18724867664994],[-162.5537109375,64.27322328178595],[-161.82861328124997,64.24459476798195],[-161.52099609375,63.93737246791484],[-163.125,63.68524808030715],[-163.93798828125,63.41119772365924],[-164.5751953125,63.32254947641308],[-165.41015625,63.15435519659187],[-165.78369140625,62.75472592723178],[-166.26708984375,62.42090322195164],[-166.5966796875,62.155240711732425],[-166.48681640625,61.616843178481375],[-166.2451171875,61.23853141060282],[-165.849609375,60.8663124746226],[-166.5966796875,60.56537850464181],[-167.34375,60.468050120874615],[-167.80517578125,60.20707506634915],[-167.8271484375,60.09771842541544],[-167.89306640624997,59.93300042374631],[-167.03613281249997,59.712097173322924],[-166.640625,59.61221219518693],[-165.95947265624997,59.60109549032134],[-165.47607421874997,59.74532608213611],[-165.10253906249997,59.95501026206206],[-164.794921875,59.987997631212224],[-164.72900390624997,59.7563950493563],[-164.46533203125,59.54545678424146],[-163.8720703125,59.54545678424146],[-163.14697265625,59.60109549032134],[-162.26806640625,59.62332522313024],[-162.20214843749997,59.17592824927136],[-162.35595703125,58.81374171570782],[-162.57568359375,58.6769376725869],[-162.09228515625,58.39019698411526],[-161.455078125,58.39019698411526],[-160.68603515625,58.44773280389084],[-160.1806640625,58.516651799363785],[-159.71923828125,58.58543569119917],[-159.43359375,58.47072082411973],[-159.08203125,58.33256713195789],[-158.55468749999997,58.286395482881034],[-158.44482421874997,58.619777025081675],[-157.60986328125,58.52812515905843],[-158.00537109375,58.00809779306888],[-158.48876953125,57.468589192089354],[-159.49951171875,56.84897198026975],[-161.0595703125,56.389583525613055],[-164.9267578125,54.97761367069628],[-165.9814453125,54.470037612805754],[-168.55224609375,53.73571574532637],[-173.232421875,52.92215137976296],[-175.62744140624997,52.3755991766591],[-177.86865234375,52.13348804077147],[-181.34033203125,52.348763181988105],[-185.60302734375,53.09402405506325],[-187.58056640625,53.38332836757156],[-188.1298828125,52.9883372533954],[-186.5478515625,52.14697334064471],[-182.21923828125,51.52241608253253],[-180.0439453125,50.88917404890332],[-178.9453125,50.98609893339354],[-178.00048828125,51.440312757160115],[-176.8359375,51.467696956223364],[-175.36376953125,51.7406361640977],[-171.826171875,52.119998657638156],[-167.62939453124997,52.9883372533954],[-166.728515625,53.186287573913305],[-165.9375,53.553362785528094],[-165.30029296875,53.76170183021049],[-164.3115234375,54.149567212540525],[-163.89404296875,54.29088164657006],[-163.3447265625,54.18815548107151],[-162.26806640625,54.07228265560388],[-162.09228515625,54.3549556895541],[-161.89453125,54.7246201949245],[-161.0595703125,54.80068486732233],[-160.400390625,54.67383096593114],[-159.19189453125,54.61025498157912],[-159.14794921875,55.07836723201515],[-158.79638671875,55.429013452407396],[-157.58789062499997,55.825973254619015],[-155.7421875,55.541064956111036],[-154.62158203125,56.01066647040695],[-153.47900390625,56.43820369358165],[-151.45751953125,57.397624055000456],[-151.4794921875,58.07787626787517],[-151.45751953125,58.75680543225761],[-149.74365234374997,59.38917842312835],[-148.51318359375,59.63443457494949],[-146.689453125,59.355596110016315],[-144.51416015625,59.75086102411168],[-144.3109130859375,59.87239799228177],[-143.8330078125,59.968758992382334],[-143.0694580078125,60.031929699115615],[-141.5533447265625,59.842055288480076],[-140.9051513671875,59.68160832698723],[-140.020751953125,59.478568831926395],[-139.1693115234375,59.234986238722],[-138.82873535156247,59.09138238455909],[-138.3233642578125,58.96983560365735],[-138.1146240234375,58.862064179600374],[-138.076171875,58.722598828043374],[-136.9775390625,58.19387126497797],[-136.56005859375,57.7862326105289],[-135.966796875,57.33838126552897],[-136.03271484375,57.052681978717494],[-135.81298828125,56.92099675839107],[-134.571533203125,55.8845546603819],[-134.2034912109375,55.56592203025787],[-133.8958740234375,55.263468250921285],[-133.7530517578125,55.06264118216743],[-133.6102294921875,54.64523407607479],[-133.2421875,54.635697306063854],[-130.6171417236328,54.70637513489091],[-130.62950134277344,54.72422365048395],[-130.62606811523438,54.73651472417763],[-130.65765380859375,54.762274228176494],[-130.62950134277344,54.78247406031503],[-130.5663299560547,54.79237225560392],[-130.49697875976562,54.82877675365454],[-130.42282104492188,54.87423625974835],[-130.34591674804688,54.91569803760518],[-130.27244567871094,54.97288463122321],[-130.18661499023438,55.062247951730015],[-130.18043518066406,55.091729515360875],[-130.15090942382812,55.12393783348962],[-130.14747619628906,55.14160209881279],[-130.10284423828125,55.19219635238084],[-129.97169494628906,55.28146181651345],[-129.97581481933594,55.30022902025666],[-130.02044677734375,55.33890835596374],[-130.0396728515625,55.45043679812318],[-130.0884246826172,55.496749338303694],[-130.12825012207028,55.58144971869657],[-130.10971069335938,55.68223010941079],[-130.14816284179688,55.71473455012689],[-130.15296936035156,55.7649857705176],[-130.12550354003906,55.80475427021683],[-130.0843048095703,55.82134464477078],[-130.00465393066406,55.90573012454021],[-130.00465393066406,55.9130425993163],[-130.0190734863281,55.912657766599715],[-130.00259399414062,56.00605986001467],[-130.10421752929688,56.12297419573329],[-130.24635314941406,56.09693875609652],[-130.3479766845703,56.12794955397159],[-130.42556762695312,56.14134155069025],[-130.4674530029297,56.24373146827144],[-130.55740356445312,56.249454174583384],[-130.5677032470703,56.25479459547735],[-130.62400817871094,56.2685236855868],[-130.78262329101562,56.36715174252849],[-131.08612060546875,56.40668363558357],[-131.16989135742188,56.44883107459549],[-131.473388671875,56.551913918713375],[-131.58119201660156,56.61204220477141],[-131.8352508544922,56.59843662755775],[-131.85997009277344,56.702620872371355],[-131.89979553222656,56.75347577609789],[-131.87232971191406,56.805765643008264],[-132.12432861328122,56.87374615531272],[-132.0467376708984,57.04521234171931],[-132.3687744140625,57.09149987857074],[-132.2472381591797,57.211056900559335],[-132.3680877685547,57.347273783306676],[-132.55210876464844,57.49516565182901],[-132.65853881835938,57.61562391374733],[-132.75466918945312,57.69680911844304],[-132.8693389892578,57.83853792318956],[-133.06983947753906,58.00082136594698],[-133.17283630371094,58.15404059343076],[-133.34518432617188,58.27628739957773],[-133.45985412597656,58.38731772556939],[-133.37608337402344,58.430481925680034],[-133.70567321777344,58.611194853078764],[-133.83956909179685,58.730440812979516],[-134.25979614257812,58.861354043320055],[-134.3360137939453,58.92414471817596],[-134.3140411376953,58.962755708753306],[-134.4060516357422,58.978683427688686],[-134.38133239746094,59.03878841190553],[-134.44656372070312,59.08820785301446],[-134.48501586914062,59.13121539881386],[-134.56329345703125,59.130510792073984],[-134.67933654785156,59.191757369765085],[-134.70130920410156,59.24973478117606],[-134.95742797851562,59.279914277804906],[-135.02883911132812,59.34649517787861],[-134.9897003173828,59.3877798237848],[-135.10093688964844,59.42622028594434],[-135.07827758789062,59.45275367774563],[-135.0274658203125,59.47473269180728],[-135.03021240234375,59.564245132658975],[-135.11810302734372,59.62367244601488],[-135.15586853027344,59.625061301654334],[-135.2190399169922,59.6632323288228],[-135.23345947265625,59.69650975428769],[-135.252685546875,59.69789559656873],[-135.36048889160156,59.73598378851403],[-135.4779052734375,59.79821644465919],[-135.94894409179688,59.6632323288228],[-136.1927032470703,59.63998787256213],[-136.34788513183594,59.60109549032134],[-136.25038146972656,59.56633207991906],[-136.24076843261716,59.55972296971678],[-136.24076843261716,59.52387204745182],[-136.3066864013672,59.46461714320982],[-136.36642456054688,59.4496126517294],[-136.47628784179688,59.46566371970234],[-136.46804809570312,59.28552611855346],[-136.49620056152344,59.27465233689575],[-136.4900207519531,59.26096748461385],[-136.5840911865234,59.166075318301345],[-136.8285369873047,59.16009179641602],[-136.8793487548828,59.13544273484683],[-137.28240966796875,59.0009698708429],[-137.449951171875,58.908900972391415],[-137.52548217773438,58.906418795609426],[-137.5000762939453,58.985760051467075],[-137.54127502441406,59.10478272378236],[-137.60787963867188,59.24376590151355],[-138.62617492675778,59.76746035005358],[-138.66600036621094,59.80961318716828],[-138.6797332763672,59.84481485969105],[-138.70582580566406,59.90650046741583],[-139.05258178710938,59.994179105518434],[-139.19952392578125,60.08950200748712],[-139.0711212158203,60.3187885497516],[-139.07386779785156,60.35243208301854],[-139.69253540039062,60.33544473468298],[-139.97955322265625,60.181818669034776],[-140.4595184326172,60.30858669066228],[-140.5199432373047,60.22003701633967],[-141.00128173828125,60.3058656567224],[-141.0007667541504,69.64681951728146]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-173.07586669921875,60.72157115165579],[-173.155517578125,60.69469537287745],[-173.15277099609375,60.64356945377967],[-173.08135986328125,60.61123754937553],[-173.04016113281247,60.58157148491742],[-173.08135986328125,60.53972302275651],[-173.089599609375,60.511343283202464],[-173.05938720703125,60.4788788301667],[-172.98248291015625,60.468050120874615],[-172.94677734374997,60.43689744859958],[-172.8424072265625,60.403001945865476],[-172.78472900390625,60.373144671593685],[-172.7105712890625,60.329667021005825],[-172.6611328125,60.3187885497516],[-172.5897216796875,60.309266913738156],[-172.49908447265625,60.31606836555203],[-172.4139404296875,60.3187885497516],[-172.35076904296875,60.3187885497516],[-172.30682373046872,60.29021531318375],[-172.2381591796875,60.29021531318375],[-172.17498779296875,60.30518536282736],[-172.2381591796875,60.333745513303114],[-172.34527587890625,60.378575303227215],[-172.364501953125,60.40164539086417],[-172.43041992187497,60.40571488624096],[-172.4798583984375,60.39757538658664],[-172.57598876953125,60.41249624776229],[-172.6556396484375,60.43689744859958],[-172.77374267578122,60.4788788301667],[-172.83416748046875,60.50052541051131],[-172.89459228515625,60.550527811064846],[-172.8863525390625,60.588316165776824],[-172.91656494140625,60.62606036274505],[-172.98797607421875,60.658377412327326],[-173.01544189453125,60.69469537287745],[-173.07586669921875,60.72157115165579]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-171.650390625,63.809167882566385],[-171.793212890625,63.82128765261384],[-171.80419921875,63.73147780336167],[-171.8426513671875,63.65601144183318],[-171.8865966796875,63.54365806976644],[-171.859130859375,63.42594585479083],[-171.7877197265625,63.34966546248425],[-171.62841796875,63.32501562217765],[-171.474609375,63.28306240110864],[-171.353759765625,63.29540792564745],[-171.2548828125,63.33980806067484],[-171.1395263671875,63.38413977217118],[-171.002197265625,63.389061297647125],[-170.760498046875,63.34966546248425],[-170.57373046875,63.32501562217765],[-170.41992187499997,63.27812271092345],[-170.343017578125,63.1989725264735],[-170.3594970703125,63.156835740093236],[-170.2496337890625,63.156835740093236],[-170.145263671875,63.156835740093236],[-170.0408935546875,63.14194929585152],[-169.9090576171875,63.087300267152735],[-169.8321533203125,63.03753005973634],[-169.7991943359375,62.990169510232555],[-169.8101806640625,62.95522304515911],[-169.74975585937497,62.922735326966595],[-169.617919921875,62.91523303947614],[-169.54650878906247,62.9502272814474],[-169.4915771484375,62.97270150065472],[-169.508056640625,62.99765260346662],[-169.4970703125,63.04251090966805],[-169.43664550781247,63.08978654472616],[-169.34326171874997,63.11712157280328],[-169.178466796875,63.13946747896222],[-169.1070556640625,63.14443090047572],[-168.958740234375,63.104699747121074],[-168.760986328125,63.112153479825004],[-168.67309570312497,63.203925767041305],[-168.662109375,63.26576978358972],[-168.7115478515625,63.3348780927218],[-168.92578125,63.366907787681754],[-169.07958984374997,63.366907787681754],[-169.25537109375,63.37183226679281],[-169.420166015625,63.376755901872734],[-169.5245361328125,63.389061297647125],[-169.6124267578125,63.43331707559086],[-169.705810546875,63.46278300222105],[-169.8211669921875,63.46523712749102],[-169.947509765625,63.48976680530999],[-170.0079345703125,63.59011870211632],[-170.0958251953125,63.658448979940175],[-170.2386474609375,63.704722429433225],[-170.4638671875,63.73390885572919],[-170.5902099609375,63.721751503619956],[-170.7659912109375,63.6779417467744],[-171.2164306640625,63.648697570849286],[-171.474609375,63.6779417467744],[-171.54052734375,63.75334975181205],[-171.650390625,63.809167882566385]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-170.40618896484375,57.022794415389725],[-170.3155517578125,57.043718234032625],[-170.22216796875,57.119841130872615],[-170.1947021484375,57.14518072479997],[-170.11505126953125,57.18985535714817],[-170.08209228515625,57.227042992549855],[-170.07110595703125,57.271618718194446],[-170.189208984375,57.23893512461504],[-170.2386474609375,57.22852971878346],[-170.32928466796875,57.22852971878346],[-170.3704833984375,57.22406936030381],[-170.49407958984375,57.20473490715757],[-170.41992187499997,57.12878649751151],[-170.364990234375,57.11387635258491],[-170.42266845703125,57.06910989239133],[-170.46112060546875,57.033257797376066],[-170.40618896484375,57.022794415389725]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-169.8321533203125,56.62904228542147],[-169.8211669921875,56.60486209416893],[-169.7991943359375,56.586716786451156],[-169.71405029296875,56.565536245992064],[-169.71405029296875,56.551913918713375],[-169.63165283203125,56.51707901932375],[-169.56024169921875,56.515563731608296],[-169.5025634765625,56.553427752820355],[-169.43115234375,56.58369172128337],[-169.43664550781247,56.626020608371924],[-169.56024169921875,56.63055303322322],[-169.6783447265625,56.62450967912138],[-169.8321533203125,56.62904228542147]]]}}]}","volume":"74","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564c5dd1e4b0ebfbef0d347d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brubaker, Michael","contributorId":149464,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brubaker","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilkinson, Kira S. kwilkinson@usgs.gov","contributorId":5327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkinson","given":"Kira","email":"kwilkinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":578513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williamson, Jennifer","contributorId":149465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williamson","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70154970,"text":"70154970 - 2015 - Geochemical reanalysis of historical U.S. Geological Survey sediment samples from the Zane Hills, Hughes and Shungnak quadrangles, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T14:31:06","indexId":"70154970","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"Geochemical reanalysis of historical U.S. Geological Survey sediment samples from the Zane Hills, Hughes and Shungnak quadrangles, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The State of Alaska’s Strategic and Critical Minerals (SCM) Assessment project, a State-funded Capital Improvement Project (CIP), is designed to evaluate Alaska’s statewide potential for SCM resources. The SCM Assessment is being implemented by the Alaska Division of Geological &amp; Geophysical Surveys (DGGS), and involves obtaining new airborne-geophysical, geological, and geochemical data. As part of the SCM Assessment, thousands of historical geochemical samples from DGGS, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and U.S. Bureau of Mines archives are being reanalyzed by DGGS using modern, quantitative, geochemical-analytical methods. The objective is to update the statewide geochemical database to more clearly identify areas in Alaska with SCM potential.</p><p>The USGS is also undertaking SCM-related geologic studies in Alaska through the federally funded Alaska Critical Minerals cooperative project. DGGS and USGS share the goal of evaluating Alaska’s strategic and critical minerals potential and together created a Letter of Agreement (signed December 2012) and a supplementary Technical Assistance Agreement (#14CMTAA143458) to facilitate the two agencies’ cooperative work. Under these agreements, DGGS contracted the USGS in Denver to reanalyze historical USGS sediment samples from Alaska.</p><p>For this report, DGGS funded reanalysis of 105 historical USGS sediment samples from the statewide Alaska Geochemical Database Version 2.0 (AGDB2; Granitto and others, 2013). Samples were chosen from the Zane Hills area in the Hughes and Shungnak quadrangles, Alaska (fig. 1). The USGS was responsible for sample retrieval from the National Geochemical Sample Archive (NGSA) in Denver, Colorado through the final quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) of the geochemical analyses obtained through the USGS contract lab. The new geochemical data are published in this report as a coauthored DGGS report, and will be incorporated into the statewide geochemical databases of both agencies.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys","doi":"10.14509/29453","usgsCitation":"Werdon, M., Granitto, M., and Azain, J.S., 2015, Geochemical reanalysis of historical U.S. Geological Survey sediment samples from the Zane Hills, Hughes and Shungnak quadrangles, Alaska, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.14509/29453.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","ipdsId":"IP-064898","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472393,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14509/29453","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342226,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342225,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dggs.alaska.gov/webpubs/dggs/rdf/text/rdf2015_009.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.708984375,\n              67.13582938531948\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.90673828125,\n              66.23145747862573\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.1826171875,\n              66.19600891267761\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.27099609375003,\n              66.19600891267761\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.1171875,\n              67.00742808549913\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.13916015625,\n              67.15289820820026\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.96337890625,\n              67.2720426739952\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.8974609375,\n              67.62595438857817\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.11669921874997,\n              67.61758898023682\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.47900390625,\n              67.60922060496382\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.36865234375,\n              67.61758898023682\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.42333984375,\n              67.65103282074831\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.708984375,\n              67.13582938531948\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593910b3e4b0764e6c5e88c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Werdon, Melanie B.","contributorId":53345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werdon","given":"Melanie B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granitto, Matthew 0000-0003-3445-4863 granitto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-4863","contributorId":1224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granitto","given":"Matthew","email":"granitto@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Azain, Jaime S. 0000-0002-8256-7494 jsazain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8256-7494","contributorId":5963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Azain","given":"Jaime","email":"jsazain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70147431,"text":"70147431 - 2015 - Evidence for intercontinental parasite exchange through molecular detection and characterization of haematozoa in northern pintails (<i>Anas acuta</i>) sampled throughout the North Pacific Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-01T11:28:08","indexId":"70147431","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2025,"text":"International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for intercontinental parasite exchange through molecular detection and characterization of haematozoa in northern pintails (<i>Anas acuta</i>) sampled throughout the North Pacific Basin","docAbstract":"<p>Empirical evidence supports wild birds as playing a role in the interhemispheric exchange of bacteria and viruses; however, data supporting the redistribution of parasites among continents are limited. In this study, the hypothesis that migratory birds contribute to the redistribution of parasites between continents was tested by sampling northern pintails (Anas acuta) at locations throughout the North Pacific Basin in North America and East Asia for haemosporidian infections and assessing the genetic evidence for parasite exchange. Of 878 samples collected from birds in Alaska (USA), California (USA), and Hokkaido (Japan) during August 2011 - May 2012 and screened for parasitic infections using molecular techniques, Leucocytozoon, Haemoproteus, and Plasmodium parasites were detected in 555 (63%), 44 (5%), and 52 (6%) samples, respectively. Using an occupancy modeling approach, the probability of detecting parasites via replicate genetic tests was estimated to be high (p &ge; 0.95). Multi-model inference supported variation of Leucocytozoon parasite prevalence by northern pintail age class and geographic location of sampling in contrast to Haemoproteus and Plasmodium parasites for which there was only support for variation in parasite prevalence by sampling location. Thirty-one unique mitochondrial DNA haplotypes were detected among haematozoa infecting northern pintails including seven lineages shared between samples from North America and Japan. The finding of identical parasite haplotypes at widely distributed geographic locations and general lack of genetic structuring by continent in phylogenies for Leucocytozoon and Plasmodium provides evidence for intercontinental genetic exchange of haemosporidian parasites. Results suggest that migratory birds, including waterfowl, could therefore facilitate the introduction of avian malaria and other haemosporidia to novel hosts and spatially distant regions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.12.004","usgsCitation":"Ramey, A.M., Schmutz, J.A., Reed, J.A., Fujita, G., Scotton, B.D., Casler, B., Fleskes, J.P., Konishi, K., Uchida, K., and Yabsley, M.J., 2015, Evidence for intercontinental parasite exchange through molecular detection and characterization of haematozoa in northern pintails (<i>Anas acuta</i>) sampled throughout the North Pacific Basin: International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, v. 4, no. 1, p. 11-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.12.004.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059565","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.12.004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300020,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan, United States","state":"Alaska, California","otherGeospatial":"Kutcharo Lake, Izembek National Wildlife Refuge, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta National Wildlife Refuge, Koyukuk-Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge, Sacramento Valley, San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -217.74301528930664,\n              45.115449779642894\n            ],\n            [\n              -217.74301528930664,\n              45.173808469545804\n            ],\n            [\n              -217.64516830444336,\n              45.173808469545804\n            ],\n            [\n              -217.64516830444336,\n              45.115449779642894\n            ],\n            [\n              -217.74301528930664,\n              45.115449779642894\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -162.69344329833982,\n              55.27794197775915\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.69344329833982,\n              55.31097706572931\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.64572143554688,\n              55.31097706572931\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.64572143554688,\n              55.27794197775915\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.69344329833982,\n              55.27794197775915\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -163.79310607910153,\n              61.31014420307069\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.79310607910153,\n              61.38455363831159\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.6626434326172,\n              61.38455363831159\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.6626434326172,\n              61.31014420307069\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.79310607910153,\n              61.31014420307069\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.939697265625,\n              65.54311334426501\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.939697265625,\n              65.7108628422648\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.53594970703125,\n              65.7108628422648\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.53594970703125,\n              65.54311334426501\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.939697265625,\n              65.54311334426501\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.01416015625,\n              38.017803980061146\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.01416015625,\n              38.97222194853654\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.92651367187499,\n              38.97222194853654\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.92651367187499,\n              38.017803980061146\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.01416015625,\n              38.017803980061146\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.33187866210936,\n              36.47982803641967\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.33187866210936,\n              36.70365959719456\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.0421142578125,\n              36.70365959719456\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.0421142578125,\n              36.47982803641967\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.33187866210936,\n              36.47982803641967\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5544a3ace4b0a658d79478bb","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.12.004","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.12.004","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Ramey Andrew M., Schmutz Joel A., Reed John A., Fujita Go, Scotton Bradley D., Casler Bruce, Fleskes Joseph P., Konishi Kan, Uchida Kiyoshi, Yabsley Michael J.","journalName":"International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife","publicationDate":"4/2015","auditedOn":"2/8/2015","publiclyAccessibleDate":"12/18/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, John A. 0000-0002-3239-6906 jareed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3239-6906","contributorId":127683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"John","email":"jareed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fujita, Go","contributorId":139714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujita","given":"Go","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7267,"text":"University of Tokyo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scotton, Bradley D.","contributorId":89427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scotton","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Casler, Bruce","contributorId":138967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Casler","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12598,"text":"Izembek National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fleskes, Joseph P. 0000-0001-5388-6675 joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-6675","contributorId":1889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"Joseph","email":"joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Konishi, Kan","contributorId":139715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Konishi","given":"Kan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Uchida, Kiyoshi","contributorId":140519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Uchida","given":"Kiyoshi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Yabsley, Michael J.","contributorId":76985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yabsley","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13266,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70147065,"text":"70147065 - 2015 - The 2008 phreatomagmatic eruption of Okmok volcano, Aleutian Islands, Alaska: Chronology, deposits, and landform changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T14:02:10","indexId":"70147065","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":240,"text":"Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigation","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"RI 2015-2","title":"The 2008 phreatomagmatic eruption of Okmok volcano, Aleutian Islands, Alaska: Chronology, deposits, and landform changes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Okmok volcano, Aleutian Islands, Alaska, explosively erupted over a five-week period between July 12 and August 23, 2008. The eruption was predominantly phreatomagmatic, producing fine-grained tephra that covered most of northeastern Umnak Island. The eruption had a maximum Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 4, with eruption column heights up to 16 km during the opening phase. Several craters and a master tuff cone formed in the caldera as a result of phreatomagmatic explosions and accumulated tephra-fall and surge deposits. Ascending magma continuously interacted with an extensive shallow groundwater table in the caldera, resulting in the phreatomagmatic character of the eruption. Syneruptive explosion and collapse processes enlarged a pre-existing lake, created a second, entirely new lake, and formed new, deep craters. A field of ephemeral collapse pits and collapse escarpments formed where rapid groundwater withdrawal removed material from beneath capping lava flows. This was the first significant phreatomagmatic event in the U.S. since the Ukinrek Maars eruption in 1977.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys","publisherLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","doi":"10.14509/29405","usgsCitation":"Jessica Larsen, Neal, C.A., Schaefer, J.R., Kaufman, M., and Lu, Z., 2015, The 2008 phreatomagmatic eruption of Okmok volcano, Aleutian Islands, Alaska: Chronology, deposits, and landform changes: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigation RI 2015-2, Report: 53 p.; Vector Data Set, https://doi.org/10.14509/29405.","productDescription":"Report: 53 p.; Vector Data Set","numberOfPages":"61","ipdsId":"IP-057716","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14509/29405","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":339576,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian Islands, Okmok volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -168.64288330078122,\n              53.207677555890015\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.640380859375,\n              53.207677555890015\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.640380859375,\n              53.68044193408404\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.64288330078122,\n              53.68044193408404\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.64288330078122,\n              53.207677555890015\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58edbb68e4b0eed1ab8c6f5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jessica Larsen","contributorId":140426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jessica Larsen","affiliations":[{"id":13493,"text":"UAFGI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neal, Christina A. 0000-0002-7697-7825 tneal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":131135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Christina","email":"tneal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaefer, Janet R.","contributorId":82224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaufman, Max","contributorId":140427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaufman","given":"Max","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13493,"text":"UAFGI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":545608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70193069,"text":"70193069 - 2015 - Ursus maritimus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-30T13:18:50","indexId":"70193069","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Ursus maritimus","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015","language":"English","publisher":"International Union for Conservation of Nature","doi":"10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T22823A14871490.en","usgsCitation":"Wiig, O., Amstrup, S.C., Atwood, T.C., Kaidre, K.L., Lunn, N.J., Obbard, M.E., Regehr, E.V., and Thiemann, G.W., 2015, Ursus maritimus, chap. <i>of</i> The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T22823A14871490.en.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-070477","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2305/iucn.uk.2015-4.rlts.t22823a14871490.en","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349595,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fec8e4b06e28e9c2535f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiig, Oystein","contributorId":192053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiig","given":"Oystein","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Atwood, Todd C. 0000-0002-1971-3110 tatwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110","contributorId":4368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"Todd","email":"tatwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaidre, Kristin L","contributorId":198990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaidre","given":"Kristin","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lunn, Nicholas J","contributorId":198991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lunn","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Obbard, Martyn E.","contributorId":108002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Obbard","given":"Martyn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6780,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Regehr, Eric V. 0000-0003-4487-3105","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-3105","contributorId":66364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regehr","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Thiemann, Gregory W.","contributorId":83023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thiemann","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27291,"text":"York University, Toronto, ON","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70171513,"text":"70171513 - 2015 - Oceanic and atmospheric forcing of Larsen C Ice-Shelf thinning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-02T11:35:15","indexId":"70171513","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3554,"text":"The Cryosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oceanic and atmospheric forcing of Larsen C Ice-Shelf thinning","docAbstract":"<p><span>The catastrophic collapses of Larsen A and B ice shelves on the eastern Antarctic Peninsula have caused their tributary glaciers to accelerate, contributing to sea-level rise and freshening the Antarctic Bottom Water formed nearby. The surface of Larsen C Ice Shelf (LCIS), the largest ice shelf on the peninsula, is lowering. This could be caused by unbalanced ocean melting (ice loss) or enhanced firn melting and compaction (englacial air loss). Using a novel method to analyse eight radar surveys, this study derives separate estimates of ice and air thickness changes during a 15-year period. The uncertainties are considerable, but the primary estimate is that the surveyed lowering (0.066 &plusmn; 0.017 m yr</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>) is caused by both ice loss (0.28 &plusmn; 0.18 m yr</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>) and firn-air loss (0.037 &plusmn; 0.026 m yr</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>). The ice loss is much larger than the air loss, but both contribute approximately equally to the lowering because the ice is floating. The ice loss could be explained by high basal melting and/or ice divergence, and the air loss by low surface accumulation or high surface melting and/or compaction. The primary estimate therefore requires that at least two forcings caused the surveyed lowering. Mechanisms are discussed by which LCIS stability could be compromised in the future. The most rapid pathways to collapse are offered by the ungrounding of LCIS from Bawden Ice Rise or ice-front retreat past a \"compressive arch\" in strain rates. Recent evidence suggests that either mechanism could pose an imminent risk.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/tc-9-1005-2015","usgsCitation":"Holland, P.R., Brisbourne, A., Corr, H.F., Mcgrath, D., Purdon, K., Paden, J., Fricker, H.A., Paolo, F.S., and Fleming, A., 2015, Oceanic and atmospheric forcing of Larsen C Ice-Shelf thinning: The Cryosphere, v. 9, p. 1005-1024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1005-2015.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1005","endPage":"1024","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061744","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1005-2015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":322088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctic Peninsula","volume":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575158b7e4b053f0edd03c77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holland, P. R.","contributorId":169934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holland","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":25631,"text":"British Antarctic Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brisbourne, A.","contributorId":169935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brisbourne","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25631,"text":"British Antarctic Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corr, H. F. J.","contributorId":68214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corr","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"F. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mcgrath, Daniel 0000-0002-9462-6842 dmcgrath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9462-6842","contributorId":145635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mcgrath","given":"Daniel","email":"dmcgrath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Purdon, K.","contributorId":169937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Purdon","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6773,"text":"University of Kansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Paden, J.","contributorId":169978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paden","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fricker, H. A.","contributorId":169979,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fricker","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Paolo, F. S.","contributorId":169980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paolo","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fleming, A.H.","contributorId":43529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70159319,"text":"70159319 - 2015 - Strontium isotopes in otoliths of a non-migratory fish (slimy sculpin): Implications for provenance studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T10:16:24","indexId":"70159319","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strontium isotopes in otoliths of a non-migratory fish (slimy sculpin): Implications for provenance studies","docAbstract":"<p>Heterogeneity in 87Sr/86Sr ratios of river-dissolved strontium (Sr) across geologically diverse environments provides a useful tool for investigating provenance, connectivity and movement patterns of various organisms and materials. Evaluation of site-specific 87Sr/86Sr temporal variability throughout study regions is a prerequisite for provenance research, but the dynamics driving temporal variability are generally system-dependent and not accurately predictable. We used the time-keeping properties of otoliths from non-migratory slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) to evaluate multi-scale 87Sr/86Sr temporal variability of river waters throughout the Nushagak River, a large (34,700 km2) remote watershed in Alaska, USA. Slimy sculpin otoliths incorporated site-specific temporal variation at sub-annual resolution and were able to record on the order of 0.0001 changes in the 87Sr/86Sr ratio. 87Sr/86Sr profiles of slimy sculpin collected in tributaries and main-stem channels of the upper watershed indicated that these regions were temporally stable, whereas the Lower Nushagak River exhibited some spatio-teporal variability. This study illustrates how the behavioral ecology of a non-migratory organism can be used to evaluate sub-annual 87Sr/86Sr temporal variability and has broad implications for provenance studies employing this tracer.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2014.10.032","usgsCitation":"Brennan, S.R., Fernandez, D.P., Zimmerman, C.E., Cerling, T.E., Brown, R.J., and Wooller, M., 2015, Strontium isotopes in otoliths of a non-migratory fish (slimy sculpin): Implications for provenance studies: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 149, p. 32-45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.10.032.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"45","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056102","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310365,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Nushagak River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -158.0218505859375,\n              58.89897119532359\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.16467285156247,\n              59.119587533804996\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.3624267578125,\n              59.277108010511675\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.3953857421875,\n              59.46740794183739\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.35693359375,\n              59.753628151319106\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.0877685546875,\n              59.96051043886046\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.4173583984375,\n              60.13056361691419\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.6865234375,\n              60.261617082844616\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.84033203125,\n              60.497820378092264\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.0655517578125,\n              60.557278971727264\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.70849609375,\n              60.78598138475315\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.477783203125,\n              60.7537924324537\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.00537109375,\n              60.64087636639107\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.5,\n              60.5923622983958\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.8902587890625,\n              60.54647643825749\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.4068603515625,\n              60.51404718719302\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.93994140625,\n              60.43012117400133\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.35766601562497,\n              60.527563322693084\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.86328125,\n              60.60584574664425\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.3634033203125,\n              60.63818305395832\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.951416015625,\n              60.632795753908994\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.665771484375,\n              60.584269526244995\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.74267578125,\n              60.43554230669233\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.35791015625,\n              60.343260013555195\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.51171875,\n              60.25889213779322\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.984130859375,\n              60.20707506634915\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.6597900390625,\n              60.166108948753305\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.016845703125,\n              60.15244221438077\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.3299560546875,\n              60.10319489936693\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.1761474609375,\n              59.987997631212224\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.89599609375,\n              59.839295488500326\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.58837890625,\n              59.77575691990329\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.6982421875,\n              59.6954703349364\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.8740234375,\n              59.598315739492335\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.181640625,\n              59.55659188568175\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.588134765625,\n              59.47019851001045\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.763916015625,\n              59.383583679536315\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.27478027343747,\n              59.26868782080824\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.4285888671875,\n              59.1336814082498\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.5054931640625,\n              59.00096987084293\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.6922607421875,\n              58.862064179600374\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.906494140625,\n              58.83364736298675\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.0218505859375,\n              58.89897119532359\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"149","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562a08f1e4b011227bf1fddd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brennan, Sean R.","contributorId":149334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brennan","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fernandez, Diego P.","contributorId":138701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fernandez","given":"Diego","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12499,"text":"Univ. of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cerling, Thure E.","contributorId":22822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerling","given":"Thure","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Randy J.","contributorId":59022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Randy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wooller, Matthew J.","contributorId":24213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooller","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70174141,"text":"70174141 - 2015 - Synopsis of the history of sea otter conservation in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-28T15:43:52","indexId":"70174141","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Synopsis of the history of sea otter conservation in the United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the late 1860s, declining US sea otter populations elicited concern because of prior excessive harvests. Congress mandated protection of Alaskan sea otters in 1868, but hunting continued unrestrained. The Fur Seal Treaty of 1911 (abrogated in 1941) protected sea otters in international waters, but was not applicable to most sea otter habitats and failed to terminate all legal sea otter harvests. Between 1941 and 1972 only the State of California was consistently engaged in sea otter conservation, based on a 1913 state law. Trends in cultural values toward protection of species based on imperiled status rather than economics led to the Marine Mammal Protection Act (1972), giving sea otters unambiguous protection in all US territorial waters. Sea otter habitat protection by the US government began in the 1890s. State marine protected areas potentially support sea otter conservation, particularly when paired with adjacent federal protected entities in or near sea otter habitat.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-801402-8.00014-7","usgsCitation":"VanBlaricom, G.R., 2015, Synopsis of the history of sea otter conservation in the United States, p. 395-434, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801402-8.00014-7.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"395","endPage":"434","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058235","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324547,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57739fb8e4b07657d1a90d87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanBlaricom, Glenn R. glennvb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanBlaricom","given":"Glenn","email":"glennvb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":640987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70186747,"text":"70186747 - 2015 - Ways to be different: Foraging adaptations that facilitate higher intake rates in a northerly wintering shorebird compared with a low-latitude conspecific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T12:14:43","indexId":"70186747","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2275,"text":"Journal of Experimental Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ways to be different: Foraging adaptations that facilitate higher intake rates in a northerly wintering shorebird compared with a low-latitude conspecific","docAbstract":"<p><span>At what phenotypic level do closely related subspecies that live in different environments differ with respect to food detection, ingestion and processing? This question motivated an experimental study on rock sandpipers (</span><i>Calidris ptilocnemis</i><span>). The species' nonbreeding range spans 20 deg of latitude, the extremes of which are inhabited by two subspecies: </span><i>C. p. ptilocnemis</i><span> that winters primarily in upper Cook Inlet, Alaska (61°N) and </span><i>C. p. tschuktschorum</i><span> that overlaps slightly with </span><i>C. p. ptilocnemis</i><span> but whose range extends much farther south (∼40°N). In view of the strongly contrasting energetic demands of their distinct nonbreeding distributions, we conducted experiments to assess the behavioral, physiological and sensory aspects of foraging and we used the bivalve </span><i>Macoma balthica</i><span> for all trials. </span><i>C. p.</i> <i>ptilocnemis</i><span> consumed a wider range of prey sizes, had higher maximum rates of energy intake, processed shell waste at higher maximum rates and handled prey more quickly. Notably, however, the two subspecies did not differ in their abilities to find buried prey. The subspecies were similar in size and had equally sized gizzards, but the more northern </span><i>ptilocnemis</i><span> individuals were 10–14% heavier than their same-sex </span><i>tschuktschorum</i><span> counterparts. The higher body mass in </span><i>ptilocnemis</i><span> probably resulted from hypertrophy of digestive organs (e.g. intestine, liver) related to digestion and nutrient assimilation. Given the previously established equality of the metabolic capacities of the two subspecies, we propose that the high-latitude nonbreeding range of </span><i>ptilocnemis</i><span> rock sandpipers is primarily facilitated by digestive (i.e. physiological) aspects of their foraging ecology rather than behavioral or sensory aspects.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Company of Biologists","doi":"10.1242/jeb.108894","usgsCitation":"Ruthrauff, D.R., Gill, R., Dekinga, A., van Gils, J.A., and Piersma, T., 2015, Ways to be different: Foraging adaptations that facilitate higher intake rates in a northerly wintering shorebird compared with a low-latitude conspecific: Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 218, no. 8, p. 1188-1197, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.108894.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1188","endPage":"1197","ipdsId":"IP-071868","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.108894","text":"External Repository"},{"id":438729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PY1ULV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Allometrics of Baltic Tellin (Macoma balthica) bivalves from Cook Inlet, AK, and Baie de Somme, France, 2010-2011"},{"id":339491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"218","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a544e4b09da6799d63ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruthrauff, Daniel R. 0000-0003-1355-9156 druthrauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-9156","contributorId":4181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruthrauff","given":"Daniel","email":"druthrauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dekinga, Anne","contributorId":52000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dekinga","given":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van Gils, Jan A.","contributorId":141170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Gils","given":"Jan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Piersma, Theunis","contributorId":45863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piersma","given":"Theunis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70190554,"text":"70190554 - 2015 - Introduction to the special issue on the 2012 Haida Gwaii and 2013 Craig earthquakes at the Pacific–North America plate boundary (British Columbia and Alaska)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-07T12:11:14","indexId":"70190554","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction to the special issue on the 2012 Haida Gwaii and 2013 Craig earthquakes at the Pacific–North America plate boundary (British Columbia and Alaska)","docAbstract":"<p><span>The 27 October 2012&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;7.8 Haida Gwaii thrust earthquake and the 5 January 2013<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;7.5 Craig strike‐slip earthquake are the focus of this special issue. They occurred along the transform boundary between the Pacific and North American plates (Fig.&nbsp;1). The most identifiable feature of the plate boundary, the strike‐slip Queen Charlotte fault, might be viewed as typical of continent–ocean transform faults because it separates the continental crust of the North American plate from oceanic crust of the Pacific plate for most of its length. However, the current relative plate motion of about 5  cm/yr is highly oblique to the Queen Charlotte fault, causing a transpressive plate boundary in the region.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120150044","usgsCitation":"James, T.S., Cassidy, J.F., Rogers, G., and Haeussler, P.J., 2015, Introduction to the special issue on the 2012 Haida Gwaii and 2013 Craig earthquakes at the Pacific–North America plate boundary (British Columbia and Alaska): Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 105, no. 2B, p. 1053-1057, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120150044.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1053","endPage":"1057","ipdsId":"IP-064201","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345542,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, British Columbia","volume":"105","issue":"2B","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b25b01e4b020cdf7db1fc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, Thomas S.","contributorId":196262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"James","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cassidy, John F.","contributorId":195561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cassidy","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogers, Garry C.","contributorId":196263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"Garry C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70189273,"text":"70189273 - 2015 - Stratigraphic and microfossil evidence for a 4500-year history of Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes and tsunamis at Yaquina River estuary, Oregon, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-07T16:12:14","indexId":"70189273","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphic and microfossil evidence for a 4500-year history of Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes and tsunamis at Yaquina River estuary, Oregon, USA","docAbstract":"<p id=\"p-1\">The Sallys Bend swamp and marsh area on the central Oregon coast onshore of the Cascadia subduction zone contains a sequence of buried coastal wetland soils that extends back ∼4500 yr B.P. The upper 10 of the 12 soils are represented in multiple cores. Each soil is abruptly overlain by a sandy deposit and then, in most cases, by greater than 10 cm of mud. For eight of the 10 buried soils, times of soil burial are constrained through radiocarbon ages on fine, delicate detritus from the top of the buried soil; for two of the buried soils, diatom and foraminifera data constrain paleoenvironment at the time of soil burial.</p><p id=\"p-2\">We infer that each buried soil represents a Cascadia subduction zone earthquake because the soils are laterally extensive and abruptly overlain by sandy deposits and mud. Preservation of coseismically buried soils occurred from 4500 yr ago until ∼500–600 yr ago, after which preservation was compromised by cessation of gradual relative sea-level rise, which in turn precluded drowning of marsh soils during instances of coseismic subsidence. Based on grain-size and microfossil data, sandy deposits overlying buried soils accumulated immediately after a subduction zone earthquake, during tsunami incursion into Sallys Bend. The possibility that the sandy deposits were sourced directly from landslides triggered upstream in the Yaquina River basin by seismic shaking was discounted based on sedimentologic, microfossil, and depositional site characteristics of the sandy deposits, which were inconsistent with a fluvial origin. Biostratigraphic analyses of sediment above two buried soils—in the case of two earthquakes, one occurring shortly after 1541–1708 cal. yr B.P. and the other occurring shortly after 3227–3444 cal. yr B.P.—provide estimates that coseismic subsidence was a minimum of 0.4 m. The average recurrence interval of subduction zone earthquakes is 420–580 yr, based on an ∼3750–4050-yr-long record and seven to nine interearthquake intervals.</p><p id=\"p-3\">The comparison of the Yaquina Bay earthquake record to similar records at other Cascadia coastal sites helps to define potential patterns of rupture for different earthquakes, although inherent uncertainty in dating precludes definitive statements about rupture length during earthquakes. We infer that in the first half of the last millennia, the northern Oregon part of the subduction zone had a different rupture history than the southern Oregon part of the subduction zone, and we also infer that at ca. 1.6 ka, two earthquakes closely spaced in time together ruptured a length of the megathrust that extends at least from southwestern Washington to southern Oregon.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B31074.1","usgsCitation":"Graehl, N., Kelsey, H.M., Witter, R., Hemphill-Haley, E., and Engelhart, S.E., 2015, Stratigraphic and microfossil evidence for a 4500-year history of Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes and tsunamis at Yaquina River estuary, Oregon, USA: GSA Bulletin, v. 127, no. 1-2, p. 211-226, https://doi.org/10.1130/B31074.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"226","ipdsId":"IP-055195","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1285450","text":"External Repository"},{"id":343481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -130,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -120,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -120,\n              50\n            ],\n            [\n              -130,\n              50\n            ],\n            [\n              -130,\n              40\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"127","issue":"1-2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59609db9e4b0d1f9f0594c42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graehl, Nicholas A","contributorId":194372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graehl","given":"Nicholas A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelsey, Harvey M.","contributorId":184057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelsey","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Witter, Robert C. 0000-0002-1721-254X rwitter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-254X","contributorId":4528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witter","given":"Robert C.","email":"rwitter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hemphill-Haley, Eileen","contributorId":194373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hemphill-Haley","given":"Eileen","affiliations":[{"id":35736,"text":"Hemphill-Haley Consulting, McKinleyville, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Engelhart, Simon E.","contributorId":60104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engelhart","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6923,"text":"University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70156554,"text":"70156554 - 2015 - Evaluation of vector coastline features extracted from 'structure from motion'-derived elevation data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T11:15:00","indexId":"70156554","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluation of vector coastline features extracted from 'structure from motion'-derived elevation data","docAbstract":"<p><span>For extensive and remote coastlines, the absence of high-quality elevation models—for example, those produced with lidar—leaves some coastal populations lacking one of the essential elements for mapping shoreline positions or flood extents. Here, we compare seven different elevation products in a lowlying area in western Alaska to establish their appropriateness for coastal mapping applications that require the delineation of elevation-based vectors. We further investigate the effective use of a Structure from Motion (SfM)-derived surface model (vertical RMSE&lt;20 cm) by generating a tidal datum-based shoreline and an inundation extent map for a 2011 flood event. Our results suggest that SfM-derived elevation products can yield elevation-based vector features that have horizontal positional uncertainties comparable to those derived from other techniques. We also provide a rule-of-thumb equation to aid in the selection of minimum elevation model specifications based on terrain slope, vertical uncertainties, and desired horizontal accuracy.</span><span><br></span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Coastal Sediments 2015","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"World Scientific","doi":"10.1142/9789814689977_0251","usgsCitation":"Kinsman, N., Gibbs, A.E., and Nolan, M., 2015, Evaluation of vector coastline features extracted from 'structure from motion'-derived elevation data, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Coastal Sediments 2015, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814689977_0251.","ipdsId":"IP-059820","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352928,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeebfce4b0da30c1bfc6b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinsman, Nicole","contributorId":95737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinsman","given":"Nicole","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibbs, Ann E. 0000-0002-0883-3774 agibbs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-3774","contributorId":2644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Ann","email":"agibbs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nolan, Matt","contributorId":146947,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nolan","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16761,"text":"Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70192722,"text":"70192722 - 2015 - Biodiversity influences plant productivity through niche–efficiency","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T13:45:31","indexId":"70192722","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biodiversity influences plant productivity through niche–efficiency","docAbstract":"<p><span>The loss of biodiversity is threatening ecosystem productivity and services worldwide, spurring efforts to quantify its effects on the functioning of natural ecosystems. Previous research has focused on the positive role of biodiversity on resource acquisition (i.e., niche complementarity), but a lack of study on resource utilization efficiency, a link between resource and productivity, has rendered it difficult to quantify the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship. Here we demonstrate that biodiversity loss reduces plant productivity, other things held constant, through theory, empirical evidence, and simulations under gradually relaxed assumptions. We developed a theoretical model named niche–efficiency to integrate niche complementarity and a heretofore-ignored mechanism of diminishing marginal productivity in quantifying the effects of biodiversity loss on plant productivity. Based on niche–efficiency, we created a relative productivity metric and a productivity impact index (PII) to assist in biological conservation and resource management. Relative productivity provides a standardized measure of the influence of biodiversity on individual productivity, and PII is a functionally based taxonomic index to assess individual species’ inherent value in maintaining current ecosystem productivity. Empirical evidence from the Alaska boreal forest suggests that every 1% reduction in overall plant diversity could render an average of 0.23% decline in individual tree productivity. Out of the 283 plant species of the region, we found that large woody plants generally have greater PII values than other species. This theoretical model would facilitate the integration of biological conservation in the international campaign against several pressing global issues involving energy use, climate change, and poverty.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1409853112","usgsCitation":"Liang, J., Zhou, M., Tobin, P.C., McGuire, A.D., and Reich, P., 2015, Biodiversity influences plant productivity through niche–efficiency: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 112, no. 18, p. 5738-5743, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1409853112.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"5738","endPage":"5743","ipdsId":"IP-049472","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1409853112","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348464,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"18","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425c4e4b0dc0b45b4540f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liang, Jingjing","contributorId":189197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liang","given":"Jingjing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhou, Mo","contributorId":189200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhou","given":"Mo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tobin, Patrick C.","contributorId":200172,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tobin","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGuire, A. David 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":166708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reich, Peter B.","contributorId":75835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reich","given":"Peter B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70188871,"text":"70188871 - 2015 - Provenance and detrital zircon geochronologic evolution of lower Brookian foreland basin deposits of the western Brooks Range, Alaska, and implications for early Brookian tectonism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T10:57:20","indexId":"70188871","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Provenance and detrital zircon geochronologic evolution of lower Brookian foreland basin deposits of the western Brooks Range, Alaska, and implications for early Brookian tectonism","docAbstract":"<p id=\"p-3\">The Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous part of the Brookian sequence of northern Alaska consists of syntectonic deposits shed from the north-directed, early Brookian orogenic belt. We employ sandstone petrography, detrital zircon U-Pb age analysis, and zircon fission-track double-dating methods to investigate these deposits in a succession of thin regional thrust sheets in the western Brooks Range and in the adjacent Colville foreland basin to determine sediment provenance, sedimentary dispersal patterns, and to reconstruct the evolution of the Brookian orogen. The oldest and structurally highest deposits are allochthonous Upper Jurassic volcanic arc–derived sandstones that rest on accreted ophiolitic and/or subduction assemblage mafic igneous rocks. These strata contain a nearly unimodal Late Jurassic zircon population and are interpreted to be a fragment of a forearc basin that was emplaced onto the Brooks Range during arc-continent collision. Synorogenic deposits found at structurally lower levels contain decreasing amounts of ophiolite and arc debris, Jurassic zircons, and increasing amounts of continentally derived sedimentary detritus accompanied by broadly distributed late Paleozoic and Triassic (359–200 Ma), early Paleozoic (542–359 Ma), and Paleoproterozoic (2000–1750 Ma) zircon populations. The zircon populations display fission-track evidence of cooling during the Brookian event and evidence of an earlier episode of cooling in the late Paleozoic and Triassic. Surprisingly, there is little evidence for erosion of the continental basement of Arctic Alaska, its Paleozoic sedimentary cover, or its hinterland metamorphic rocks in early foreland basin strata at any structural and/or stratigraphic level in the western Brooks Range. Detritus from exhumation of these sources did not arrive in the foreland basin until the middle or late Albian in the central part of the Colville Basin.</p><p id=\"p-4\">These observations indicate that two primary provenance areas provided detritus to the early Brookian foreland basin of the western Brooks Range: (1) local sources in the oceanic Angayucham terrane, which forms the upper plate of the orogen, and (2) a sedimentary source region outside of northern Alaska. Pre-Jurassic zircons and continental grain types suggest the latter detritus was derived from a thick succession of Triassic turbidites in the Russian Far East that were originally shed from source areas in the Uralian-Taimyr orogen and deposited in the South Anyui Ocean, interpreted here as an early Mesozoic remnant basin. Structural thickening and northward emplacement onto the continental margin of Chukotka during the Brookian structural event are proposed to have led to development of a highland source area located in eastern Chukotka, Wrangel Island, and Herald Arch region. The abundance of detritus from this source area in most of the samples argues that the Colville Basin and ancestral foreland basins were supplied by longitudinal sediment dispersal systems that extended eastward along the Brooks Range orogen and were tectonically recycled into the active foredeep as the thrust front propagated toward the foreland. Movement of clastic sedimentary material from eastern Chukotka, Wrangel Island, and Herald Arch into Brookian foreland basins in northern Alaska confirms the interpretations of previous workers that the Brookian deformational belt extends into the Russian Far East and demonstrates that the Arctic Alaska–Chukotka microplate was a unified geologic entity by the Early Cretaceous.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01043.1","usgsCitation":"Moore, T.E., O’Sullivan, P.B., Potter, C.J., and Donelick, R.A., 2015, Provenance and detrital zircon geochronologic evolution of lower Brookian foreland basin deposits of the western Brooks Range, Alaska, and implications for early Brookian tectonism: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 1, p. 93-122, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01043.1.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"122","ipdsId":"IP-051392","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01043.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342939,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Brooks Range","volume":"11","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536eabe4b062508e3c7a93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457 tmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":127538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas","email":"tmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Sullivan, Paul B.","contributorId":193544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Sullivan","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Potter, Christopher J. 0000-0002-2300-6670 cpotter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-6670","contributorId":1026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"Christopher","email":"cpotter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Donelick, Raymond A.","contributorId":193545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donelick","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70173565,"text":"70173565 - 2015 - Dispersal, movements and site fidelity of post-fledging King Eiders <i>Somateria spectabilis</i> and their attendant females","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-13T15:13:22","indexId":"70173565","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dispersal, movements and site fidelity of post-fledging King Eiders <i>Somateria spectabilis</i> and their attendant females","docAbstract":"<p><span>Post-fledging dispersal and site fidelity are poorly understood, particularly for sea ducks that spend the majority of their annual cycle at sea. This is the first description of movements and their timing for first-year (juvenile) and second-year (subadult) King Eiders&nbsp;</span><i>Somateria spectabilis</i><span>&nbsp;in relation to their attendant females. We fitted satellite transmitters that operated for 2&nbsp;years to 63 hatch-year birds and 17 attendant females at breeding areas in northern Alaska in 2006&ndash;2009. Our goals were to describe the spatio-temporal distribution of pre-breeding individuals and adult females that had been successful breeders. We also examined fidelity to wing moulting and wintering areas as well as natal philopatry. Juveniles did not appear to follow attendant adults, although they did winter in the same three general wintering areas, suggesting that genetic inheritance and social factors may have roles in the initial migration from the breeding area. Additionally, juveniles were more variable in the timing and duration of migration, moved longer distances during the winter, and were less faithful to moulting and wintering areas than adults, indicating that individual exploration and acquired navigational memory played a role in subsequent migrations. Most (75%) subadult females returned to natal areas, probably prospecting for future nesting sites, whereas subadult males were widely dispersed at sea. Timing and duration of moult migration and wing moult of adult females that were presumed to be successful breeders differed from those of unsuccessful breeders due to the extended time that the former spent on the breeding grounds. Temporal and spatial segregation of post-fledging King Eiders from adults has direct management implications in terms of resource development and population dynamics.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ibi.12217","usgsCitation":"Bentzen, R., and Powell, A.N., 2015, Dispersal, movements and site fidelity of post-fledging King Eiders <i>Somateria spectabilis</i> and their attendant females: Ibis, v. 157, no. 1, p. 133-146, https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12217.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"146","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037664","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323516,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"157","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575fd92ce4b04f417c2baa0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bentzen, Rebecca L.","contributorId":62070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bentzen","given":"Rebecca L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, Abby N. 0000-0002-9783-134X abby_powell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9783-134X","contributorId":171426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Abby","email":"abby_powell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70188440,"text":"70188440 - 2015 - Thermokarst lake methanogenesis along a complete talik profile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-09T14:07:53","indexId":"70188440","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermokarst lake methanogenesis along a complete talik profile","docAbstract":"<p><span>Thermokarst (thaw) lakes emit methane (CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>) to the atmosphere formed from thawed permafrost organic matter (OM), but the relative magnitude of CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> production in surface lake sediments vs. deeper thawed permafrost horizons is not well understood. We assessed anaerobic CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> production potentials from various depths along a 590 cm long lake sediment core that captured the entire sediment package of the talik (thaw bulb) beneath the center of an interior Alaska thermokarst lake, Vault Lake, and the top 40 cm of thawing permafrost beneath the talik. We also studied the adjacent Vault Creek permafrost tunnel that extends through ice-rich yedoma permafrost soils surrounding the lake and into underlying gravel. Our results showed CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> production potentials were highest in the organic-rich surface lake sediments, which were 151 cm thick (mean ± SD: 5.95 ± 1.67 μg C–CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> g dw</span><sup>−1</sup><span> d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>; 125.9 ± 36.2 μg C–CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> g C</span><sup>−1</sup><sub>org</sub><span> d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>). High CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> production potentials were also observed in recently thawed permafrost (1.18 ± 0.61 μg C–CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>g dw</span><sup>−1</sup><span> d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>; 59.60± 51.5 μg C–CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> g C</span><sup>−1</sup><sub>org</sub><span> d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) at the bottom of the talik, but the narrow thicknesses (43 cm) of this horizon limited its overall contribution to total sediment column CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> production in the core. Lower rates of CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> production were observed in sediment horizons representing permafrost that has been thawing in the talik for a longer period of time. No CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> production was observed in samples obtained from the permafrost tunnel, a non-lake environment. Our findings imply that CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>production is highly variable in thermokarst lake systems and that both modern OM supplied to surface sediments and ancient OM supplied to both surface and deep lake sediments by in situ thaw and shore erosion of yedoma permafrost are important to lake CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> production.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-12-4317-2015","usgsCitation":"Heslop, J., Walter Anthony, K., Sepulveda-Jauregui, A., Martinez-Cruz, K., Bondurant, A., Grosse, G., and Jones, M.C., 2015, Thermokarst lake methanogenesis along a complete talik profile: Biogeosciences, v. 12, p. 4317-4331, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4317-2015.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"4317","endPage":"4331","ipdsId":"IP-064594","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4317-2015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342339,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593bb3a9e4b0764e6c60e7eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heslop, J.K.","contributorId":192801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heslop","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walter Anthony, K.M.","contributorId":169384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walter Anthony","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sepulveda-Jauregui, A.","contributorId":192802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepulveda-Jauregui","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martinez-Cruz, K.","contributorId":192803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinez-Cruz","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bondurant, A.","contributorId":192804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bondurant","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grosse, G.","contributorId":192805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grosse","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jones, Miriam C. 0000-0002-6650-7619 miriamjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-7619","contributorId":4056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Miriam","email":"miriamjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
]}