Wildland-urban interface (WUI) areas are facing increased forest fire risks and extreme precipitation events due to climate change, which can lead to post-fire flood events. The city of Flagstaff in northern Arizona, USA experienced WUI forest thinning, fire, and record rainfall events, which collectively contributed to large floods and damages to the urban neighborhoods and city infrastructure.
We demonstrate multi-temporal, high resolution image applications from an unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) and terrestrial lidar in estimating landscape disturbance impacts within the WUI. Changes in forest vegetation and bare ground cover in WUIs are particularly challenging to estimate with coarse-resolution satellite images due to fine-scale landscape processes and changes that often result in mixed pixels.
Using Sentinel-2 satellite images, we document forest fire impacts and burn severity. Using 2016 and 2021 UAV multispectral images and Structure-from-Motion data, we estimate post-thinning changes in forest canopy cover, patch sizes, canopy height distribution, and bare ground cover. Using repeat lidar data within a smaller area of the watershed, we quantify geomorphic effects in the WUI associated with the fire and subsequent flooding.
We document that thinning significantly reduced forest canopy cover, patch size, tree density, and mean canopy height resulting in substantially reduced active crown fire risks in the future. However, the thinning equipment ignited a forest fire, which burned the WUI at varying severity at the top of the watershed that drains into the city. Moderate-high severity burns occurred within 3 km of downtown Flagstaff threatening the WUI neighborhoods and the city. The upstream burned area then experienced 100-year and 200–500-year rainfall events, which resulted in large runoff-driven floods and sedimentation in the city.
We demonstrate that UAV high resolution images and photogrammetry combined with terrestrial lidar data provide detailed and accurate estimates of forest thinning and post-fire flood impacts, which could not be estimated from coarser-resolution satellite images. Communities around the world may need to prepare their WUIs for catastrophic fires and increase capacity to manage sediment-laden stormwater since both fires and extreme weather events are projected to increase.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01811-5","usgsCitation":"Sankey, T.T., Tango, L., Tatum, J., and Sankey, J., 2024, Forest fire, thinning, and flood in wildland-urban interface: UAV and lidar-based estimate of natural disaster impacts: Landscape Ecology, v. 39, 58, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01811-5.","productDescription":"58, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-139042","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01811-5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":428319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Flagstaff","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.69345880006296,\n 35.25720796087404\n ],\n [\n -111.69345880006296,\n 35.189455530499785\n ],\n [\n -111.63079495096041,\n 35.189455530499785\n ],\n [\n -111.63079495096041,\n 35.25720796087404\n ],\n [\n -111.69345880006296,\n 35.25720796087404\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sankey, Temuulen Ts.","contributorId":332965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sankey","given":"Temuulen","email":"","middleInitial":"Ts.","affiliations":[{"id":79706,"text":"Northern Arizona University, School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Flagstaff, AZ, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":899931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tango, Lauren","contributorId":335948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tango","given":"Lauren","affiliations":[{"id":40559,"text":"School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":899932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tatum, Julia","contributorId":335949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tatum","given":"Julia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40559,"text":"School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":899933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":261248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":899934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70251883,"text":"70251883 - 2024 - The geochemistry of continental hydrothermal systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-05T13:25:53.096551","indexId":"70251883","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-24T07:21:19","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The geochemistry of continental hydrothermal systems","docAbstract":"Hydrothermal systems on the continents are of great significance because they are primary sources of economically important metals and geothermal energy, they are tourist attractions, they support bathing and health resorts, and they host extreme life forms. Research on hot springs and their deposits provide clues to early life on Earth and possibly on Mars and have led to major breakthroughs in biotechnology. Aqueous and gas-rich hydrothermal fluids also contribute to a range of volcanic hazards including the destabilization of volcanic edifices, acting as propellant in steam-driven hydrothermal explosions, reducing effective stresses in mudflows (lahars), emitting toxic and potentially lethal gases, and transporting toxic metals to watersheds. The main goals of this review are to summarize the state of knowledge on the chemistry of continental hydrothermal systems and highlight the myriad processes that operate under a wide range of temperatures, pressures, chemical compositions, and oxidation states.
Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) are at the center of state and national land-use policies largely because of their unique life-history traits as an ecological indicator for health of sagebrush ecosystems. This updated population trend analysis provides state and federal land and wildlife managers with best-available science to help guide management and conservation plans aimed at benefitting sage-grouse populations. This analysis relied on previously published population trend modeling methodology from Coates and others (2021, 2022a) and incorporates population lek count data for 1960–2023. Included in this update are changes in terminology. Specifically, we now use the terms Period 1 (previously Long), Period 2 (previously Medium/Long), Period 3 (previously Medium), Period 4 (previously Short/Medium), Period 5 (previously Short), and Period 6 (previously Recent) to identify specific trends. State-space models estimated 2.8-percent average annual decline in sage-grouse populations between 1966 and 2021 (Period 1, six population oscillations) across their geographical range. Average annual decline among climate clusters for the same number of oscillations ranged between 2.1 and 3.1 percent. Cumulative declines were 41.1, 64.5, and 78.4 percent range-wide during Period 5 (19 years), Period 3 (35 years), and Period 1 (55 years), respectively. Population growth during 2022 and 2023 continue to point to 2021 as the most recent range-wide nadir.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dr1190","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Areas—Species Management Research Program and Land Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Prochazka, B.G., Coates, P.S., Aldridge, C.L., O'Donnell, M.S., Edmunds, D.R., Monroe, A.P., Hanser, S.E., Wiechman, L.A., and Chenaille, M.P., 2024, Range-wide population trend analysis for greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus)—Updated 1960–2023 (ver. 1.1, April 2024): U.S. Geological Survey Data Report 1190, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1190.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 18 p., and data release","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-161357","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":427870,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OQWGIV","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Coates, P.S., Prochazka, B.G., Aldridge, C.L., O'Donnell, M.S., Edmunds, D.R., Monroe, A.P., Hanser, S.E., Wiechman, L.A., and Chenaille, M.P., 2022, Trends and a targeted annual warning system for greater sage-grouse in the western United States (ver. 3.0, February 2024): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OQWGIV.","linkHelpText":"Trends and a targeted annual warning system for greater sage-grouse in the western United States (ver. 3.0, February 2024)"},{"id":427874,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1190/versionHist.txt"},{"id":426097,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1190/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":427865,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1190/dr1190.xml"},{"id":427866,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1190/images"},{"id":427867,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/dr1190/full"},{"id":427864,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1190/dr1190.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0: Feb 2024; Version 1.1: Apr 2024","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
The monarch butterfly is a flagship species and pollinator whose populations have declined by 85% in the recent two decades. Their largest population overwinters in Mexico, then disperses across eastern North America during March to August. During September-December, they return south using two flyways, one that spans the central United States and another that follows the Atlantic coast. Migrating monarchs fly diurnally and roost in groups nocturnally. We sought to determine the criteria this species uses to select roost sites, and the landscape context where those sites are found. We developed species distribution models of the landscape context of Atlantic flyway roost sites via citizen scientist observations and environmental variables that affect monarchs in the adult stage prior to migration, using two algorithms (Maximum Entropy and Genetic Algorithm for Ruleset Prediction). We developed two model validation methods: a citizen scientist smartphone application and peer-informed comparisons with aerial imagery. Proximity to surface water, elevation, and vegetative cover were the most important criteria for monarch roost site selection. Our model predicted 2.6 million ha (2.9% of the study area) of suitable roosting habitat in the Atlantic flyway, with the greatest availability along the Atlantic coastal plain and Appalachian Mountain ridges. Conservation of this species is difficult, as monarchs range over both large areas and various habitat types, and most current monarch research and conservation efforts are focused on the breeding and overwintering periods. These models can serve to help prioritize surveys of roosting sites and conservation efforts during the monarchs’ fall migration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10905-023-09844-5","usgsCitation":"Boxler, B., Loftin, C., and Sutton, W.B., 2024, Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) roost site-selection criteria and locations east of the Appalachian Mountains, U.S.A.: Journal of Insect Behavior, v. 37, p. 22-48, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10905-023-09844-5.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"48","ipdsId":"IP-122336","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481012,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boxler, Brandon M.","contributorId":349226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boxler","given":"Brandon M.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftin, Cyndy 0000-0001-9104-3724 cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-3724","contributorId":146427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Cyndy","email":"cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":924153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sutton, William B.","contributorId":88256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":924155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70263320,"text":"70263320 - 2024 - Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) roost site-selection criteria and locations east of the Appalachian Mountains, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-06T16:49:39.815475","indexId":"70263320","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-23T10:46:37","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":19915,"text":"Journal of Insect Behavior","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) roost site-selection criteria and locations east of the Appalachian Mountains, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The monarch butterfly is a flagship species and pollinator whose populations have declined by 85% in the recent two decades. Their largest population overwinters in Mexico, then disperses across eastern North America during March to August. During September-December, they return south using two flyways, one that spans the central United States and another that follows the Atlantic coast. Migrating monarchs fly diurnally and roost in groups nocturnally. We sought to determine the criteria this species uses to select roost sites, and the landscape context where those sites are found. We developed species distribution models of the landscape context of Atlantic flyway roost sites via citizen scientist observations and environmental variables that affect monarchs in the adult stage prior to migration, using two algorithms (Maximum Entropy and Genetic Algorithm for Ruleset Prediction). We developed two model validation methods: a citizen scientist smartphone application and peer-informed comparisons with aerial imagery. Proximity to surface water, elevation, and vegetative cover were the most important criteria for monarch roost site selection. Our model predicted 2.6 million ha (2.9% of the study area) of suitable roosting habitat in the Atlantic flyway, with the greatest availability along the Atlantic coastal plain and Appalachian Mountain ridges. Conservation of this species is difficult, as monarchs range over both large areas and various habitat types, and most current monarch research and conservation efforts are focused on the breeding and overwintering periods. These models can serve to help prioritize surveys of roosting sites and conservation efforts during the monarchs’ fall migration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10905-023-09844-5","usgsCitation":"Boxler, B., Loftin, C., and Sutton, W.B., 2024, Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) roost site-selection criteria and locations east of the Appalachian Mountains, U.S.A.: Journal of Insect Behavior, v. 37, p. 22-48, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10905-023-09844-5.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"48","ipdsId":"IP-123861","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481758,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boxler, Brandon M.","contributorId":349226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boxler","given":"Brandon M.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":926324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftin, Cyndy 0000-0001-9104-3724 cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-3724","contributorId":146427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Cyndy","email":"cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":926323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sutton, William B.","contributorId":88256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":926325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70256504,"text":"70256504 - 2024 - Assessing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) occupancy and detection probability within Lake Erie from environmental DNA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-09T17:01:27.882316","indexId":"70256504","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-23T06:11:31","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2655,"text":"Management of Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) occupancy and detection probability within Lake Erie from environmental DNA","docAbstract":"Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), an invasive cyprinid within the Laurentian Great Lakes, is naturally reproducing in several Lake Erie tributaries, which has raised concerns of the species’ spread throughout Lake Erie and the other Great Lakes. Knowledge of the recent invasion extent outside of the western basin of Lake Erie, particularly in eastern tributaries and nearshore waters, is limited. Understanding the invasion extent would improve the efficacy of ongoing coordinated multi-agency control efforts. Molecular tools, such as environmental DNA (eDNA), have shown promise for early detection of aquatic invasive species. In this study, water samples (N = 476) were collected for grass carp eDNA monthly between May and November in 2018 and 2019, at three sites in the Michigan waters of Lake Erie and the Detroit River. We fit Bayesian multi-scale occupancy models to determine differences in eDNA capture and detection probability among grass carp qPCR assays, sampling sites, and across time. To determine whether grass carp were physically present, and to validate eDNA samples, we quantified recent grass carp presence in sampled areas using an existing acoustic telemetry and field sampling framework. Our results indicate that grass carp eDNA capture probability differed among sites, but there was no difference among months. Positive grass carp eDNA detections were observed across multiple months at each site, with 69% of site-specific sampling events testing positive for grass carp eDNA on at least one assay and replicate. The majority (65%) of weeks where positive eDNA sampling detections occurred also concurrently had one or more grass carp detected via acoustic telemetry 1–6 days prior. Our results highlight the potential utility of using eDNA to monitor the invasion extent of grass carp within the nearshore waters of Lake Erie. However, further evaluation of the factors that influence grass carp eDNA characteristics among sites within Lake Erie are needed to determine its efficacy for surveillance protocols by natural resource management agencies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Reabic","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2024.15.1.04","usgsCitation":"Bopp, J., Nathan, L.R., Robinson, J.D., Kanefsky, J., Scribner, K., Herbst, S., and Robinson, K.F., 2024, Assessing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) occupancy and detection probability within Lake Erie from environmental DNA: Management of Biological Invasions, v. 15, no. 1, p. 51-72, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2024.15.1.04.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"72","ipdsId":"IP-153893","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2024.15.1.04","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433635,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.49486489590893,\n 42.187220486618514\n ],\n [\n -83.49486489590893,\n 41.38443575807409\n ],\n [\n -82.35228677090853,\n 41.38443575807409\n ],\n [\n -82.35228677090853,\n 42.187220486618514\n ],\n [\n -83.49486489590893,\n 42.187220486618514\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bopp, Justin","contributorId":340933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bopp","given":"Justin","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nathan, Lucas R.","contributorId":340934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nathan","given":"Lucas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36986,"text":"Michigan Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, John D.","contributorId":340936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kanefsky, Jeanette","contributorId":340938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kanefsky","given":"Jeanette","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":340939,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim T.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herbst, Seth","contributorId":340940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herbst","given":"Seth","affiliations":[{"id":36986,"text":"Michigan Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Robinson, Kelly Filer 0000-0001-8109-9492","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8109-9492","contributorId":340631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"Filer","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70264388,"text":"70264388 - 2024 - Ensemble2: Scenarios ensembling for communication and performance analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-14T14:40:51.762475","indexId":"70264388","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-22T09:37:18","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5213,"text":"Epidemics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Ensemble2: Scenarios ensembling for communication and performance analysis","title":"Ensemble2: Scenarios ensembling for communication and performance analysis","docAbstract":"Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, scenario modeling played a crucial role in shaping the decision-making process of public health policies. Unlike forecasts, scenario projections rely on specific assumptions about the future that consider different plausible states-of-the-world that may or may not be realized and that depend on policy interventions, unpredictable changes in the epidemic outlook, etc. As a consequence, long-term scenario projections require different evaluation criteria than the ones used for traditional short-term epidemic forecasts. Here, we propose a novel ensemble procedure for assessing pandemic scenario projections using the results of the Scenario Modeling Hub (SMH) for COVID-19 in the United States (US). By defining a “scenario ensemble” for each model and the ensemble of models, termed “Ensemble
The objective of the study is to assess when liquefaction is triggered in a suite of ground motions following simplified approaches and measure the remaining post-triggering energy content of those ground motions. For liquefaction-induced deformations, current simplified analysis procedures do not directly incorporate temporal effects and rely on peak transient intensity measurements. Liquefaction hazard from short-duration, small to moderate-magnitude (M) earthquakes (M4.5–7.5) is adequately expressed using transient intensity measurements. However, subduction-zone interface earthquakes can have magnitudes greater than 9.0, with ground-motion durations exceeding 300 s. Using 525 ground motions from the NGA-Subduction (NGA-Sub) database for subduction-zone earthquakes with M8.25–9.25, the timing of liquefaction was calculated using cyclic counting procedures by assuming a reference stress condition and incorporating cyclic strengths from laboratory element testing. A complementary analysis was completed using 514 crustal ground motion records from the NGA-West2 database for M6.75–7.75. Several trends were identified during this study. First, liquefaction will likely trigger during the first half of the ground motion duration, independent of the earthquake source type. However, subduction-zone motions have larger post-triggering energy content compared to crustal earthquakes. The findings from this work indicate that accurately predicting liquefaction-induced deformations from subduction-zone earthquakes may be substantially improved by using robust time-based liquefaction analysis procedures.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Geo-Congress 2024","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Geo-Congress 2024","conferenceDate":"February 25–28, 2024","conferenceLocation":"Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/9780784485316.026","usgsCitation":"Carey, T.J., Naik, A., Makdisi, A.J., and Mason, H., 2024, Liquefaction timing and post-triggering seismic energy: A comparison of crustal and subduction zone earthquakes, in Proceedings, Geo-Congress 2024, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, February 25–28, 2024, p. 240-249, https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784485316.026.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"240","endPage":"249","ipdsId":"IP-157153","costCenters":[{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":428324,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carey, Trevor J.","contributorId":335970,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carey","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36972,"text":"University of British Columbia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":899983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Naik, Atira","contributorId":335971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naik","given":"Atira","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36972,"text":"University of British Columbia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":899984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Makdisi, Andrew James 0000-0002-8239-0692","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8239-0692","contributorId":267917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Makdisi","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":899985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mason, Henry 0000-0003-4279-2854","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4279-2854","contributorId":293188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"Henry","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":899986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70251630,"text":"sir20235074 - 2024 - Evaluation and review of best management practices for the reduction of polychlorinated biphenyls to the Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-30T18:10:04.302526","indexId":"sir20235074","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-22T09:10:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5074","displayTitle":"Evaluation and Review of Best Management Practices for the Reduction of Polychlorinated Biphenyls to the Chesapeake Bay","title":"Evaluation and review of best management practices for the reduction of polychlorinated biphenyls to the Chesapeake Bay","docAbstract":"Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) continue to impact the environment due to historic and ongoing anthropogenic sources (for example, industrial and agricultural), despite their ban. Contaminated stormwater has been identified as a vector for PCB transport to many estuaries impaired by PCBs. Management of these regulated discharges is typically achieved by best management practices (BMPs). This review focuses on PCB reduction practices and BMPs to assist management decision making and provide information on the current state of the science. Studies have quantitatively demonstrated the efficacy of green infrastructure BMPs and gray infrastructure improvements to reduce PCB loads, and other studies have demonstrated qualitative reductions for other BMP types. This review also highlights the disconnect between PCB load reduction and PCB bioavailability when selecting a remediation strategy. Additionally, the review evaluates modeling approaches to assess PCB load reduction to inform management decisions and suggests why there are still significant barriers to implementation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235074","usgsCitation":"Needham, T.P., Majcher, E., Foss, E., and Devereux, O.H., 2024, Evaluation and review of best management practices for the reduction of polychlorinated biphenyls to the Chesapeake Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5074, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235074.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-135599","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425826,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5074/sir20235074.XML"},{"id":425825,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5074/images/"},{"id":425824,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML 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Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5522 Research Park Drive
Catonsville, Maryland 21228
Numerous factors influence the timing of spring migration in birds, yet the relative importance of intrinsic and extrinsic variables on migration initiation remains unclear. To test for interactions among weather, migration distance, parasitism, and physiology in determining spring departure date, we used the Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) as a model migratory species known to harbor diverse and common haemosporidian parasites. Prior to spring migration departure from their wintering grounds in Indiana, USA, we quantified the intrinsic variables of fat, body condition (i.e., mass ~ tarsus residuals), physiological stress (i.e., ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes), cellular immunity (i.e., leukocyte composition and total count), migration distance (i.e., distance to the breeding grounds) using stable isotopes of hydrogen from feathers, and haemosporidian parasite intensity. We then attached nanotags to determine the timing of spring migration departure date using the Motus Wildlife Tracking System. We used additive Cox proportional hazard mixed models to test how risk of spring migratory departure was predicted by the combined intrinsic measures, along with meteorological predictors on the evening of departure (i.e., average wind speed and direction, relative humidity, and temperature). Model comparisons found that the best predictor of spring departure date was average nightly wind direction and a principal component combining relative humidity and temperature. Juncos were more likely to depart for spring migration on nights with largely southwestern winds and on warmer and drier evenings (relative to cooler and more humid evenings). Our results indicate that weather conditions at take-off are more critical to departure decisions than the measured physiological and parasitism variables.
Climate warming has facilitated the expansion of black mangrove Avicennia germinans (hereafter ‘Avicennia’) into smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora (hereafter ‘Spartina’) salt marshes in southeastern Louisiana (USA). As macrophytes contribute to soil organic matter (SOM) and primary production, this transition could alter the basal energy pathways supporting salt marsh food webs. We used bulk-tissue and compound-specific stable isotope analyses (SIA) to determine if changes in dominant macrophytes alter basal energy pathways for 2 salt marsh residents: grass shrimp (Palaemonetes spp.) and marsh periwinkle snails Littoraria irrorata. Specifically, we used Bayesian stable isotope mixing models to quantify the relative contribution of basal energy sources to SOM and resident food webs across a Spartina-Avicennia gradient in southeastern Louisiana. We found that sources of SOM changed in Avicennia-dominated habitat and that foraging strategy dictated trophic responses of salt marsh residents to Avicennia expansion. Marsh periwinkle snail basal energy sources shifted from Spartina to algae (phytoplankton and epiphytic macroalgae) reliance, while grass shrimp basal energy sources remained reliant on algal production, regardless of macrophyte dominance. Compound-specific SIA improved basal energy source distinctions and provided more constrained estimates of their contributions to resident food webs than bulk-tissue SIA. The importance of algal energy across the landscape warrants future investigations into the ability of Avicennia to support the diversity and abundance of algal energy sources present in Louisiana salt marshes. Understanding coastal wetland food web dynamics could help with planning and evaluating the most effective coastal restoration techniques (e.g. prioritizing salt marsh or mangrove habitat) in southeastern Louisiana.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps14500","usgsCitation":"Loesser, K.B., Powell, C.E., Davis, B., Baustian, M.M., and Polito, M.J., 2024, Stable isotopes reveal that foraging strategy dictates trophic response of salt marsh residents to black mangrove Avicennia germinans range expansion: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 729, p. 81-97, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14500.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"97","ipdsId":"IP-156015","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":426447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"729","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loesser, Katherine B.","contributorId":334658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loesser","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, Christina E.","contributorId":202058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powell","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36335,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, Brandeus","contributorId":334659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Brandeus","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baustian, Melissa Millman 0000-0003-2467-2533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2467-2533","contributorId":304015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baustian","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"Millman","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":896215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Polito, Michael J.","contributorId":334661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Polito","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70251987,"text":"70251987 - 2024 - Strong variation in Brook Trout trends across geology, elevation, and stream size in Shenandoah National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-26T15:00:53.761614","indexId":"70251987","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-22T06:49:46","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strong variation in Brook Trout trends across geology, elevation, and stream size in Shenandoah National Park","docAbstract":"Landscape context structures fish abundance and dynamics, and understanding trends in fish abundance across the landscape is often prerequisite for effective conservation. In this study, we evaluated the status and trends of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis in Shenandoah National Park to understand how these are structured across bedrock geology, elevation, and stream size.
We used long-term monitoring data from 94 sites in Shenandoah National Park to evaluate trends in Brook Trout abundance over a 27-year period (1996–2022) and assess the importance of local environmental covariates using a hierarchical Bayesian N-mixture model based on depletion sampling. Focal covariates were chosen for their demonstrated importance in structuring fish populations in Shenandoah National Park and elsewhere. Bedrock geology controls sensitivity to acid deposition, watershed area is related to stream habitat features such as complexity and flow variability, and elevation creates gradients in temperature.
Models revealed significant decreases in adult Brook Trout abundance over time (95% credible intervals < 0) for 31 of 94 sites (33%), and at least three sites exhibited apparent extirpations over the study period. Estimated Brook Trout abundance declined by 50% or more in approximately 70% of streams across the park over the study period. Sites with the warmest water temperatures exhibited the fastest declines in abundance. However, large watersheds on poorly buffered bedrock exhibited significant gains in abundance over time, suggesting some recovery from acid deposition due to improvements in air quality.
Our analysis revealed large and divergent changes in Brook Trout abundance over recent decades and suggests the importance of local water temperature and acid sensitivity as probable causal mechanisms. These results highlight the importance of considering local factors when evaluating long-term trends in stream fish populations. Results of this study can assist the development of targeted conservation actions within Shenandoah National Park and elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10460","usgsCitation":"Childress, E., Demarest, D., Wofford, J.E., Hitt, N.P., and Letcher, B., 2024, Strong variation in Brook Trout trends across geology, elevation, and stream size in Shenandoah National Park: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 153, no. 2, p. 250-263, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10460.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"263","ipdsId":"IP-150752","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499264,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10460","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":426485,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.5730072818129,\n 37.84539890269417\n ],\n [\n -77.41219734606564,\n 37.84539890269417\n ],\n [\n -77.41219734606564,\n 39.434228970300325\n ],\n [\n -79.5730072818129,\n 39.434228970300325\n ],\n [\n -79.5730072818129,\n 37.84539890269417\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"153","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Childress, Evan S.","contributorId":214287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Childress","given":"Evan S.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Demarest, David E","contributorId":334666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Demarest","given":"David E","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wofford, John E.B.","contributorId":334667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wofford","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.B.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hitt, Nathaniel P. 0000-0002-1046-4568","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-4568","contributorId":238185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Nathaniel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":896229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Letcher, Benjamin 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":242666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":896230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70251695,"text":"70251695 - 2024 - A biodynamic model predicting copper and cadmium bioaccumulation in caddisflies: Linkages between field studies and laboratory exposures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-23T12:42:15.770548","indexId":"70251695","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-22T06:40:12","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7774,"text":"PLoSOne","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A biodynamic model predicting copper and cadmium bioaccumulation in caddisflies: Linkages between field studies and laboratory exposures","docAbstract":"Hydropsyche and Arctopsyche are filter-feeding caddisflies (Order: Trichoptera; Family: Hydropsychidae) that are commonly used to monitor metal exposures in rivers. While tissue residue concentrations provide important bioaccumulation data regarding metal bioavailability, they do not provide information regarding the mechanisms of uptake and loss, or exposure history. This study examined the physiological processes that control Cu and Cd uptake and loss using a biokinetic bioaccumulation model. Larvae of each taxon were experimentally exposed to either water or food enriched with stable isotopes (65Cu and 106Cd). Dissolved Cu uptake (ku) was similar between species (2.6–3.4 L-1g 1d-1), but Cd uptake was 3-fold higher in Hydropsyche than Arctopsyche (1.85 L-1g 1d-1 and 0.60 L-1g 1d-1, respectively). Cu and Cd efflux rates (ke) were relatively fast (0.14 d-1–0.24 d-1) in both species, and may explain, in part, their metal tolerance to mine-impacted rivers. Food ingestion rates (IR), assimilation efficiency (AE) of 65Cu and 106Cd from laboratory diets were also derived and used in a biodynamic model to quantify the relative contribution of dissolved and dietary exposure routes. Results from the biodynamic model were compared to tissue concentrations observed in a long-term field study and indicated that because dissolved Cu and Cd exposures accounted for less than 20% of body concentrations of either taxon, dietary exposure was the predominant metal pathway. An estimation of exposure history was determined using the model to predict steady state concentrations. Under constant exposure conditions (dissolved plus diet), steady state concentrations were reached in less than 30 days, an outcome largely influenced by rapid efflux (ke).
Declining body size in fishes and other aquatic ectotherms associated with anthropogenic climate warming has significant implications for future fisheries yields, stock assessments and aquatic ecosystem stability. One proposed mechanism seeking to explain such body-size reductions, known as the gill oxygen limitation (GOL) hypothesis, has recently been used to model future impacts of climate warming on fisheries but has not been robustly empirically tested. We used brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), a fast-growing, cold-water salmonid species of broad economic, conservation and ecological value, to examine the GOL hypothesis in a long-term experiment quantifying effects of temperature on growth, resting metabolic rate (RMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and gill surface area (GSA). Despite significantly reduced growth and body size at an elevated temperature, allometric slopes of GSA were not significantly different than 1.0 and were above those for RMR and MMR at both temperature treatments (15°C and 20°C), contrary to GOL expectations. We also found that the effect of temperature on RMR was time-dependent, contradicting the prediction that heightened temperatures increase metabolic rates and reinforcing the importance of longer-term exposures (e.g. >6 months) to fully understand the influence of acclimation on temperature–metabolic rate relationships. Our results indicate that although oxygen limitation may be important in some aspects of temperature–body size relationships and constraints on metabolic supply may contribute to reduced growth in some cases, it is unlikely that GOL is a universal mechanism explaining temperature–body size relationships in aquatic ectotherms. We suggest future research focus on alternative mechanisms underlying temperature–body size relationships, and that projections of climate change impacts on fisheries yields using models based on GOL assumptions be interpreted with caution.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Company of Biologists Ltd","doi":"10.1242/jeb.246477","usgsCitation":"Lonthair, J., Wegner, N., Cheng, B.S., Fangue, N., O'Donnell, M.J., Regish, A.M., Swenson, J.D., Argueta, E., McCormick, S.D., Letcher, B., and Komoroske, L., 2024, Smaller body size under warming is not due to gill-oxygen limitation in a coldwater salmonid: Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 227, no. 4, jeb246477, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.246477.","productDescription":"jeb246477, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-154954","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.246477","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":484064,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"227","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lonthair, Joshua K.","contributorId":352930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lonthair","given":"Joshua K.","affiliations":[{"id":84305,"text":"Department of Environmental Conservation; 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University of Massachusetts at Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":932496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":932497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Letcher, Benjamin 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":242666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":932498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Komoroske, Lisa M","contributorId":152475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Komoroske","given":"Lisa M","affiliations":[{"id":18933,"text":"NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":932499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70273289,"text":"70273289 - 2024 - Improving ecosystem health in highly altered river basins: A generalized framework and its application to the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-05T15:34:32.384968","indexId":"70273289","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-21T09:25:24","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5738,"text":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving ecosystem health in highly altered river basins: A generalized framework and its application to the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin","docAbstract":"Continued large-scale public investment in declining ecosystems depends on demonstrations of “success”. While the public conception of “success” often focuses on restoration to a pre-disturbance condition, the scientific community is more likely to measure success in terms of improved ecosystem health. Using a combination of literature review, workshops and expert solicitation we propose a generalized framework to improve ecosystem health in highly altered river basins by reducing ecosystem stressors, enhancing ecosystem processes and increasing ecosystem resilience. We illustrate the use of this framework in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB) of the central United States (U.S.), by (i) identifying key stressors related to human activities, and (ii) creating a conceptual ecosystem model relating those stressors to effects on ecosystem structure and processes. As a result of our analysis, we identify a set of landscape-level indicators of ecosystem health, emphasizing leading indicators of stressor removal (e.g., reduced anthropogenic nutrient inputs), increased ecosystem function (e.g., increased water storage in the landscape) and increased resilience (e.g., changes in the percentage of perennial vegetative cover). We suggest that by including these indicators, along with lagging indicators such as direct measurements of water quality, stakeholders will be better able to assess the effectiveness of management actions. For example, if both leading and lagging indicators show improvement over time, then management actions are on track to attain desired ecosystem condition. If, however, leading indicators are not improving or even declining, then fundamental challenges to ecosystem health remain to be addressed and failure to address these will ultimately lead to declines in lagging indicators such as water quality. Although our model and indicators are specific to the MARB, we believe that the generalized framework and the process of model and indicator development will be valuable in an array of altered river basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1332934","usgsCitation":"McLellan, E.L., Suttles, K.M., Bouska, K.L., Ellis, J., Flotemersch, J.E., Goff, M., Golden, H.E., Hill, R.A., Hohman, T.R., Keerthi, S., Keim, R.F., Kleiss, B.A., Lark, T.J., Piazza, B.P., Renfro, A.A., Robertson, D., Schilling, K.E., Schmidt, T.S., and Waite, I.R., 2024, Improving ecosystem health in highly altered river basins: A generalized framework and its application to the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin: Frontiers in Environmental Science, v. 12, 1332934, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1332934.","productDescription":"1332934, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-159346","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1332934","text":"Publisher Index 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natural lavas often alongside larger minerals formed long before eruption. Many researchers have posited that compositions gleaned from the analysis of groundmasses closely approximate the compositions of the melts they were derived from, and these have been used frequently to model pre-eruptive magma conditions. However, it is difficult to confidently identify and sample these groundmasses once they are formed. Using a sample of lava that exhibits a wide degree of textural variation (ranging from holocrystalline to hypohyaline) we show that compositions of groundmasses sampled using defocused electron beams are significantly different from glass compositions in terms of mean composition and covariance. Despite this, several groundmass compositions qualify as ‘in equilibrium’ with matrix/rim olivine. When processed using available thermometers, however, modelled equilibrium temperatures are significantly higher than those produced using glass data, on average. Because of this, we prescribe caution in using polyphase groundmass data generated using defocused beam analysis even as a rudimentary approach.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ggr.12546","usgsCitation":"Coulthard, D.A., Iizuka, Y., Zellmer, G., and Brahm, R., 2024, Statistical perspective on the petrologic utility of polyphase groundmass compositions inferred via defocused beam electron probe microanalysis: Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, v. 48, no. 2, p. 345-358, https://doi.org/10.1111/ggr.12546.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"358","ipdsId":"IP-152919","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462592,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coulthard, Daniel A. Jr. 0000-0003-1688-1378","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1688-1378","contributorId":344950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coulthard","given":"Daniel","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iizuka, Yoshiyuki","contributorId":344930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iizuka","given":"Yoshiyuki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36479,"text":"Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zellmer, Georg F.","contributorId":344933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zellmer","given":"Georg F.","affiliations":[{"id":82435,"text":"Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brahm, Raimundo","contributorId":344934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brahm","given":"Raimundo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82437,"text":"Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70257187,"text":"70257187 - 2024 - Rupture jumping and seismic complexity in models of earthquake cycles for fault stepovers with off‐fault plasticity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-13T12:13:56.685113","indexId":"70257187","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-21T07:10:06","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":18330,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Șociety of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rupture jumping and seismic complexity in models of earthquake cycles for fault stepovers with off‐fault plasticity","docAbstract":"Fault stepovers are prime examples of geometric complexity in natural fault zones that may affect seismic hazard by determining whether an earthquake rupture continues propagating or abruptly stops. However, the long‐term pattern of seismicity near‐fault stepovers and underlying mechanisms of rupture jumping in the context of earthquake cycles are rarely studied. Leveraging a hybrid numerical scheme combining the finite element and the spectral boundary integral methods, FEBE, we carry out fully dynamic simulations of sequences of earthquakes and aseismic slip for both compressive and tensile stepovers with off‐fault plasticity. We consider a rate‐and‐state friction law for the fault friction and pressure‐sensitive Drucker–Prager plasticity for the off‐fault bulk response. We observe that the accumulation of plastic deformation, an indication of off‐fault damage, is significantly different in the two cases, with more plastic deformation projected in the overlapping region for the tensile stepover. The seismic pattern for a tensile stepover is more complex than for a compressive stepover, and incorporating plasticity also increases complexity, relative to the elastic case. A tensile stepover with off‐fault plasticity shows rupture segmentation, temporal clustering, and frequent rupture jumping from one fault to another. These results shed light on possible mechanisms of rupture jumping in fault stepovers as well as the long‐term evolution of the fault zone.
Terrestrial soils in forested landscapes represent some of the largest mercury (Hg) reserves globally. Wildfire can alter the storage and distribution of terrestrial-bound Hg via reemission to the atmosphere or mobilization in watersheds where it may become available for methylation and uptake into food webs. Using data associated with the 2007 Moonlight and Antelope Fires in California, we examined the long-term direct effects of wildfire burn severity on the distribution and magnitude of Hg concentrations in riparian food webs. Additionally, we quantified the cross-ecosystem transfer of Hg from aquatic invertebrate to riparian bird communities; and assessed the influence of biogeochemical, landscape variables, and ecological factors on Hg concentrations in aquatic and terrestrial food webs. Benthic macroinvertebrate methylmercury (MeHg) and riparian bird blood total mercury (THg) concentrations varied by 710- and 760-fold, respectively, and Hg concentrations were highest in predators. We found inconsistent relationships between Hg concentrations across and within taxa and guilds in response to stream chemical parameters and burn severity. Macroinvertebrate scraper MeHg concentrations were influenced by dissolved organic carbon (DOC); however, that relationship was moderated by burn severity (as burn severity increased the effect of DOC declined). Omnivorous bird Hg concentrations declined with increasing burn severity. Overall, taxa more linked to in situ energetic pathways may be more responsive to the biogeochemical processes that influence MeHg cycling. Remarkably, 8 years post-fire, we still observed evidence of burn severity influencing Hg concentrations within riparian food webs, illustrating its overarching role in altering the storage and redistribution of Hg and influencing biogeochemical processes.
Continental rejuvenation results from the tectonic reactivation of crustal structures and lithospheric reworking by mantle flow. Geochemical observations and field mapping have traditionally provided the primary evidence for the secular evolution of crustal composition and tectonic processes during continental rejuvenation. Nonetheless, the impact of continental rejuvenation on the observed present-day strain rate and orogenic-scale lithospheric structure has not been well constrained. The pre-existing E-W–trending Central China Orogenic Belt has been overprinted by the N-S–trending Central Longitudinal Seismic Belt and constitutes the intracontinental West Qinling Syntaxis in central China, where the tectonic setting changes eastward from contraction to extension. Combining updated global positioning system data and high-resolution crustal seismic tomography, we reveal a modern continental rejuvenation process within the West Qinling Syntaxis in central China. The northward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau's weak lithospheric layer (middle-lower crust and lithospheric mantle) of southwestern China relative to the rigid Sichuan Basin/Ordos Block of the eastern West Qinling Syntaxis results in regional dextral shearing that shapes the Central Longitudinal Seismic Belt and defines the eastern Tibetan Plateau margin. The pre-existing E-W–trending Central China Orogenic Belt has been preserved above the brittle-ductile transition zone, and the northward movement of the deep lithospheric layer drives the deformation of the upper crust in the West Qinling Syntaxis. Our results, along with previous studies, suggest the presence of an intracontinental lithospheric interchange structure in central China. The continental rejuvenation of the West Qinling Syntaxis results from a combination of fault reactivation in the upper crust (Stage I, Eocene–Oligocene) and reworking of the deep lithosphere (Stage II, middle–late Miocene) related to the plateau-wide shift in stress accommodation ultimately driven by the redistribution of mass outward from the central Tibetan Plateau. At present, the transition zone between the high- and low-velocity anomalies along the Central Longitudinal Seismic Belt not only shapes the landscape boundary but controls the size and recurrence interval of earthquakes within the West Qinling Syntaxis in central China.
Sex-related differences in vital rates that drive population change reflect the basic life history of a species. However, for visually monomorphic bird species, determining the effect of sex on demographics can be a challenge. In this study, we investigated the effect of sex on apparent survival, recruitment, and breeding propensity in the Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae), a monochromatic, slightly size dimorphic species with known age, known sex, and known breeding history data collected during 1996–2019 (n = 2127 birds) from three breeding colonies on Ross Island, Antarctica. Using a multistate capture–mark–recapture maximum-likelihood model, we estimated apparent survival (
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.10859","usgsCitation":"Morandini, V., Dugger, K., Schmidt, A., Varsani, A., Lescroel, A., Ballard, G., Lyver, P., Barton, K., and Ainley, D., 2024, Sex-specific recruitment rates contribute to male-biased sex ratio in Adélie penguins: Ecology and Evolution, v. 14, no. 2, e10859, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10859.","productDescription":"e10859, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-156686","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10859","text":"External Repository"},{"id":429929,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morandini, Virginia","contributorId":264177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morandini","given":"Virginia","affiliations":[{"id":25426,"text":"OSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dugger, Katie M. 0000-0002-4148-246X cdugger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-246X","contributorId":4399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Katie","email":"cdugger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":902898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, Annie","contributorId":197714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Annie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":902899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Varsani, Arvind","contributorId":287197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Varsani","given":"Arvind","affiliations":[{"id":12431,"text":"ASU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lescroel, Amelie","contributorId":197715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lescroel","given":"Amelie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":902901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ballard, Grant","contributorId":275195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballard","given":"Grant","affiliations":[{"id":48619,"text":"pbcs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lyver, Phil O'B.","contributorId":338019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyver","given":"Phil O'B.","affiliations":[{"id":81069,"text":"Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barton, Kerry","contributorId":65746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Kerry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":902904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ainley, David","contributorId":275713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ainley","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":56884,"text":"htha","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70251235,"text":"fs20233037 - 2024 - The 3D Elevation Program—Supporting Florida's economy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-27T17:40:52.522326","indexId":"fs20233037","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-20T08:45:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-3037","displayTitle":"The 3D Elevation Program—Supporting Florida’s Economy","title":"The 3D Elevation Program—Supporting Florida's economy","docAbstract":"Florida has the longest coastline of any State in the contiguous United States, and its coastal resources are one of the main drivers of its economic growth. High-quality elevation data are beneficial for use in emergency management, especially for hurricane response, recovery, and mitigation, as well as for coastal zone management, flood risk management, infrastructure planning, agriculture, forestry, and natural resources management. Having regional or statewide elevation data coverage that was collected at about the same time allows for improved results from in-depth modeling and more meaningful analysis to support the State’s Chief Science Officer, Geographic Information Officer, State agencies, water management districts, and local governments that will use these data for decision making. Critical applications that meet the State’s management needs depend on light detection and ranging (lidar) data that provide a highly detailed three-dimensional (3D) model of the Earth’s surface and aboveground features.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20233037","usgsCitation":"Fredericks, A.M., and Cretini, C., 2024, The 3D Elevation Program—Supporting Florida's economy: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2023–3037, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20233037.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-122535","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499111,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116046.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":425123,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3037/images/"},{"id":425122,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication 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National Geospatial Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 511
Reston, VA 20192
Email: 3DEP@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"Oceanic seabirds have suffered population declines and extirpations due to human disturbance and still face multiple threats. Here, we assessed the potential genetic vulnerability of the red-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon rubricauda, a seabird species threatened by human disturbance and listed as ‘least concern’ by the IUCN. Using Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) we evaluated the genetic population structure of the red-tailed tropicbird throughout the Pacific Ocean using samples from 132 individuals from six islands. We sampled individuals from islands without human-related disturbance (non-impacted islands) and with human-related disturbance (impacted islands). Results of genome-wide SNP analyses were consistent with previous results using mitochondrial DNA sequences analyses. Genetic diversity did not differ between impacted and non-impacted islands, and low inbreeding estimates were detected for all colonies. The SNPs analyses confirmed a pattern of isolation by distance and significant inter-regional (Chile, Australasia, and Hawaiʻi) genetic structure, but revealed greater differentiation of tropicbirds in Hawaiʻi compared with Chile and Australasia. Within regions, our results further indicated significant differentiation between Rapa Nui and Salas & Gómez Island (Chile), and between Meyer and Phillip islands (Australasia) that was not detected using mitochondrial DNA analyses. Within Hawaiʻi, we found a lack of significant genetic differentiation between Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, separated by 200 km. Our findings indicated that red-tailed tropicbird colonies are at genetic risk due to limited dispersal among colonies which may reduce the fitness of the species in the long-term. We suggest that red-tailed tropicbird colonies are vulnerable to future population declines because recovery through immigration from other islands may be limited by geographic distance. Conservation actions will help preserve genetic diversity and discrete populations for this native seabird at colonies throughout the Pacific.
The crustal evolution of the southernmost ∼2000–1800 Ma Trans-Hudson orogen (THO) is enigmatic due to burial by Phanerozoic sediments. We provide new insights through petrochronologic analysis of a paragneiss drill core sample. Detrital zircon age peaks at 2625, 2340, and 1880 Ma and Hf isotopes suggest Paleoproterozoic arc development proximal to Archean source(s). Phase equilibria modeling and ternary feldspar thermometry suggest peak conditions of ≥1 GPa, ≥900°C, the first recognition of extreme, ultra-high temperature metamorphism in the THO. The largely isobaric P-T path, rapid heating rate, and ∼20 Myr duration (1872–1850 Ma) of peak conditions suggest that this metamorphism occurred in a back-arc tectonic setting. The sample records post-peak (1850–1815 Ma) mid-crustal residence, slow cooling, and exhumation. Further retrogression occurred during Proterozoic regional exhumation (1630–1470 Ma) and Phanerozoic (360–220 Ma) reheating and/or fluid influx. Evidence for Paleoproterozoic arc(s) supports geophysical data for Archean cratonic and Paleoproterozoic arc crust in this region.
We present a practical approach to intercompare a range of candidate digital elevation models (DEMs) based on predefined criteria and a statistically sound ranking approach. The presented approach integrates the randomized complete block design (RCBD) into a novel framework for DEM comparison. The method presented provides a flexible, statistically sound, and customizable tool for evaluating the quality of any raster—in this case, a DEM—by means of a ranking approach, which takes into account a confidence level and can use both quantitative and qualitative criteria. The users can design their own criteria for the quality evaluation in relation to their specific needs. The application of the RCBD method to rank six 1′′ global DEMs, considering a wide set of study sites, covering different morphological and land cover settings, highlights the potentialities of the approach. We used a suite of criteria relating to the differences in the elevation, slope, and roughness distributions compared to reference DEMs aggregated from 1- to 5-m light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-derived DEMs. Results confirmed the significant superiority of Copernicus DEM (CopDEM) 1′′ and its derivative forests and buildings removed DEM (FABDEM) as the overall best 1′′ global DEMs. They are slightly better than Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) and clearly outperform NASADEM and SRTM, which are, in turn, much better than advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER).