Two uppermost Carboniferous–Lower Triassic fluvial–lacustrine sections in the Tarlong–Taodonggou half-graben, southern Bogda Mountains, NW China, comprise a 1834 m-thick, relatively complete sedimentary and paleoclimatic record of the east coast of mid-latitude NE Pangea. Depositional environmental interpretations identified three orders (high, intermediate, and low) of sedimentary cycles. High-order cycles (HCs) have five basic types, including fluvial cycles recording repetitive changes of erosion and deposition and lacustrine cycles recording repetitive environmental changes associated with lake expansion and contraction. HCs are grouped into intermediate-order cycles (ICs) on the basis of systematic changes of thickness, type, and component lithofacies of HCs. Nine low-order cycles (LCs) are demarcated by graben-wide surfaces across which significant long-term environmental changes occurred. A preliminary cyclostratigraphic framework provides a foundation for future studies of terrestrial climate, tectonics, and paleontology in mid-latitude NE Pangea.
Climate variabilities at the intra-HC, HC, IC, and LC scales were interpreted from sedimentary and paleosol evidence. Four prominent climatic shifts are present: 1) from the humid–subhumid to highly-variable subhumid–semiarid conditions at the beginning of Sakamarian; 2) from highly-variable subhumid–semiarid to humid–subhumid conditions across the Artinskian-Capitanian unconformity; 3) from humid–subhumid to highly-variable subhumid–semiarid conditions at early Induan; and 4) from the highly-variable subhumid–semiarid to humid–subhumid conditions across the Olenekian-Anisian unconformity. The stable humid–subhumid condition from Lopingian to early Induan implies that paleoclimate change may not have been the cause of the end-Permian terrestrial mass extinction. A close documentation of the pace and timing of the extinction and exploration of other causes are needed. In addition, the semiarid–subhumid conditions from Sakamarian to Artinskian–Kungurian (?) and from middle Induan to end of Olenekian are in conflict with modern mid-latitude east coast meso- and macrothermal humid climate. Extreme continentality, regional orographic effect, and/or abnormal circulation of Paleo-Tethys maybe are possible causes. Our work serves as a rare data point at mid-latitude NE Pangea for climate modeling to seek explanations on the origin(s) of climate variability in NE Pangea from latest Carboniferous to Early Triassic.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global and Planetary Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2010.03.008","issn":"09218181","usgsCitation":"Yang, W., Feng, Q., Liu, Y., Tabor, N., Miggins, D., Crowley, J., Lin, J., and Thomas, S., 2010, Depositional environments and cyclo- and chronostratigraphy of uppermost Carboniferous-Lower Triassic -lacustrine deposits, southern Bogda Mountains, NW China - A terrestrfluvialial paleoclimatic record of mid-latitude NE Pangea: Global and Planetary Change, v. 73, no. 1-2, p. 15-113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2010.03.008.","startPage":"15","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"99","ipdsId":"IP-019060","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217410,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2010.03.008"},{"id":245356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059febee4b0c8380cd4eed4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, W.","contributorId":17449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feng, Q.","contributorId":15081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, Yajing","contributorId":16553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Yajing","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tabor, N.","contributorId":54478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tabor","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miggins, D.","contributorId":34397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miggins","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crowley, J.L.","contributorId":70663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lin, J.","contributorId":33065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Thomas, S.","contributorId":69430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70037321,"text":"70037321 - 2010 - Reptilian prey of the sonora mud turtle (Kinosternon sonoriense) with comments on saurophagy and ophiophagy in North American Turtles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:07","indexId":"70037321","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reptilian prey of the sonora mud turtle (Kinosternon sonoriense) with comments on saurophagy and ophiophagy in North American Turtles","docAbstract":"We detected evidence of predation by the Sonora mud turtle (Kinosternon sonoriense) on the Arizona alligator lizard (Elgaria kingii nobilis) and the ground snake (Sonora semiannulata) at Montezuma Well, Yavapai County, Arizona. Lizards have not been reported in the diet of K. sonoriense, and saurophagy is rare in turtles of the United States, having been reported previously in only two other species:, the false map turtle (Graptemys pseudogeographica) and the eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina). While the diet of K. sonoriense includes snakes, ours is the first record of S. semiannulata as food of this turtle. Ophiophagy also is rare in turtles of the United States with records for only five other species of turtles. Given the opportunistic diets of many North American turtles, including K. sonoriense, the scarcity of published records of saurophagy and ophiophagy likely represents a shortage of observations, not rarity of occurrence.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1894/GC-191.1","issn":"00384909","usgsCitation":"Lovich, J., Drost, C., Monatesti, A., Casper, D., Wood, D., and Girard, M., 2010, Reptilian prey of the sonora mud turtle (Kinosternon sonoriense) with comments on saurophagy and ophiophagy in North American Turtles: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 55, no. 1, p. 135-138, https://doi.org/10.1894/GC-191.1.","startPage":"135","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217377,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1894/GC-191.1"},{"id":245322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa8fee4b0c8380cd85b7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovich, J.","contributorId":30944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drost, C.","contributorId":77810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drost","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monatesti, A.J.","contributorId":98026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monatesti","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casper, D.","contributorId":103153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casper","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wood, D.A.","contributorId":70099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Girard, M.","contributorId":32790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Girard","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70037316,"text":"70037316 - 2010 - The impact of rare taxa on a fish index of biotic integrity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:07","indexId":"70037316","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The impact of rare taxa on a fish index of biotic integrity","docAbstract":"The index of biotic integrity (IBI) is a commonly used bioassessment tool that integrates abundance and richness measures to assess water quality. In developing IBIs that are both responsive to human disturbance and resistant to natural variability and sampling error, water managers must decide how to weigh information about rare and abundant taxa, which in turn requires an understanding of the sensitivity of indices to rare taxa. Herein, we investigated the influence of rare fish taxa (within the lower 5% of rank abundance curves) on IBI metric and total scores for stream sites in two of Minnesota's major river basins, the St. Croix (n = 293 site visits) and Upper Mississippi (n = 210 site visits). We artificially removed rare taxa from biological samples by (1) separately excluding each individual taxon that fell within the lower 5% of rank abundance curves; (2) simultaneously excluding all taxa that had an abundance of one (singletons) or two (doubletons); and (3) simultaneously excluding all taxa that fell within the lower 5% of rank abundance curves. We then compared IBI metric and total scores before and after removal of rare taxa using the normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) and regression analysis. The difference in IBI metric and total scores increased as more taxa were removed. Moreover, when multiple rare taxa were removed, the nRMSE was related to sample abundance and to total taxa richness, with greater nRMSE observed in samples with a larger number of taxa or sample abundance. Metrics based on relative abundance of fish taxa were less sensitive to the loss of rare taxa, whereas those based on taxa richness were more sensitive, because taxa richness metrics give more weight to rare taxa compared to the relative abundance metrics. ?? 2010 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Indicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.12.006","issn":"1470160X","usgsCitation":"Wan, H., Chizinski, C., Dolph, C., Vondracek, B., and Wilson, B., 2010, The impact of rare taxa on a fish index of biotic integrity: Ecological Indicators, v. 10, no. 4, p. 781-788, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.12.006.","startPage":"781","endPage":"788","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475837,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11299/183649","text":"External Repository"},{"id":217320,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.12.006"},{"id":245258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baceae4b08c986b32383b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wan, H.","contributorId":29246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wan","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chizinski, C.J.","contributorId":50635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chizinski","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dolph, C.L.","contributorId":58864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolph","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vondracek, B.","contributorId":69930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vondracek","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, B.N.","contributorId":84192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"B.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037229,"text":"70037229 - 2010 - Hierarchical spatial models for predicting pygmy rabbit distribution and relative abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037229","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical spatial models for predicting pygmy rabbit distribution and relative abundance","docAbstract":"Conservationists routinely use species distribution models to plan conservation, restoration and development actions, while ecologists use them to infer process from pattern. These models tend to work well for common or easily observable species, but are of limited utility for rare and cryptic species. This may be because honest accounting of known observation bias and spatial autocorrelation are rarely included, thereby limiting statistical inference of resulting distribution maps. We specified and implemented a spatially explicit Bayesian hierarchical model for a cryptic mammal species (pygmy rabbit Brachylagus idahoensis). Our approach used two levels of indirect sign that are naturally hierarchical (burrows and faecal pellets) to build a model that allows for inference on regression coefficients as well as spatially explicit model parameters. We also produced maps of rabbit distribution (occupied burrows) and relative abundance (number of burrows expected to be occupied by pygmy rabbits). The model demonstrated statistically rigorous spatial prediction by including spatial autocorrelation and measurement uncertainty. We demonstrated flexibility of our modelling framework by depicting probabilistic distribution predictions using different assumptions of pygmy rabbit habitat requirements. Spatial representations of the variance of posterior predictive distributions were obtained to evaluate heterogeneity in model fit across the spatial domain. Leave-one-out cross-validation was conducted to evaluate the overall model fit. Synthesis and applications. Our method draws on the strengths of previous work, thereby bridging and extending two active areas of ecological research: species distribution models and multi-state occupancy modelling. Our framework can be extended to encompass both larger extents and other species for which direct estimation of abundance is difficult. ?? 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation ?? 2010 British Ecological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01766.x","issn":"00218901","usgsCitation":"Wilson, T., Odei, J., Hooten, M., and Edwards, T., 2010, Hierarchical spatial models for predicting pygmy rabbit distribution and relative abundance: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 47, no. 2, p. 401-409, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01766.x.","startPage":"401","endPage":"409","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217370,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01766.x"},{"id":245315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30a3e4b0c8380cd5d801","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, T.L.","contributorId":78561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Odei, J.B.","contributorId":91339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odei","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hooten, M.B.","contributorId":50261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, T.C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":76486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037225,"text":"70037225 - 2010 - Breeding biology and natural history of the Slate-throated Whitestart in Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037225","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding biology and natural history of the Slate-throated Whitestart in Venezuela","docAbstract":"We provide details on the breeding biology of the Slate-throated Whitestart (Myioborus miniatus) from 126 nests found during seven breeding seasons, 2002-2008, at Yacamb?? National Park, Venezuela. Nesting activity peaked in late April and May. Only the female built the nest and incubated the eggs. Males rarely visited the nest during these stages. Mean clutch size (2.1 ?? 0.04 eggs, n = 93) was the smallest recorded for the Slate-throated Whitestart. Incubation and nestling period lengths were 15.3 ?? 0.31 (n = 21) and 10.8 ?? 0.24 (n = 7) days, respectively. Attentiveness (% of time on the nest) during incubation (59 ?? 1.6%, n = 52) was similar to other tropical warblers and much lower than northern relatives. This caused a relatively low egg temperature (34.40 ?? 0.33u C, n = ?? nests, 20 days) compared with north temperate birds. Both parents fed nestlings and increased their provisioning rates with nestling age. Growth rate based on nestling mass (k = 0.521 ?? 0.015) was faster than for other tropical passerines but slower than northern relatives. Predation was the main cause of nesting failure and rate of predation increased with age of the nest. An estimated 15% of nests were successful based on an overall Mayfield daily predation rate of 0.053 ?? 0.007. This study confirms a strong latitudinal variation in life history traits of warblers. ?? 2010 by the Wilson Ornithological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1676/09-151.1","issn":"15594491","usgsCitation":"Ruggera, R., and Martin, T.E., 2010, Breeding biology and natural history of the Slate-throated Whitestart in Venezuela: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 122, no. 3, p. 447-454, https://doi.org/10.1676/09-151.1.","startPage":"447","endPage":"454","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475899,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1676/09-151.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217315,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1676/09-151.1"},{"id":245252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f25ce4b0c8380cd4b12c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruggera, R.A.","contributorId":54798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggera","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, T. E.","contributorId":10911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037144,"text":"70037144 - 2010 - Small mammals associated with colonies of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) in the Southern High Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:07","indexId":"70037144","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small mammals associated with colonies of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) in the Southern High Plains","docAbstract":"We compared diversity and abundance of small mammals at colonies of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) and paired non-colony sites. Of colonies of black-tailed prairie dogs in our study area, >80 were on slopes of playa lakes; thus, we used sites of colonies and non-colonies that were on slopes of playa lakes. We trapped small mammals on 29 pairs of sites. Overall abundance did not differ between types of sites, but some taxa exhibited associations with colonies (Onychomys leucogaster) or non-colonies (Chaetodipus hispidus, Reithrodontomys, Sigmodon hispidus). Diversity and evenness of small mammals did not differ between colonies and non-colonies in 2002, but were higher on non-colonies in 2003. Although we may not have detected some rare or infrequently occurring species, our data reveal differences in diversity and evenness of more common species among the types of sites. Prairie dogs are touted as a keystone species with their colonies associated with a greater faunal diversity than adjacent lands. Our findings contradict several studies reporting greater diversity and abundance of small mammals at colonies of prairie dogs. We suggest that additional research across a wider landscape and incorporating landscape variables beyond the immediate trapping plot may further elucidate interspecific associations between black-tailed prairie dogs and species of small rodents.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1894/CLG-23.1","issn":"00384909","usgsCitation":"Pruett, A., Boal, C.W., Wallace, M., Whitlaw, H.A., and Ray, J., 2010, Small mammals associated with colonies of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) in the Southern High Plains: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 55, no. 1, p. 50-56, https://doi.org/10.1894/CLG-23.1.","startPage":"50","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217049,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1894/CLG-23.1"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9188e4b08c986b31996c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pruett, A.L.","contributorId":18606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruett","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boal, C. W.","contributorId":102614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boal","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallace, M.C.","contributorId":59162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitlaw, Heather A.","contributorId":13026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlaw","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ray, J.D.","contributorId":11982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70036509,"text":"70036509 - 2010 - Sampling in ecology and evolution - bridging the gap between theory and practice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:04","indexId":"70036509","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling in ecology and evolution - bridging the gap between theory and practice","docAbstract":"Sampling is a key issue for answering most ecological and evolutionary questions. The importance of developing a rigorous sampling design tailored to specific questions has already been discussed in the ecological and sampling literature and has provided useful tools and recommendations to sample and analyse ecological data. However, sampling issues are often difficult to overcome in ecological studies due to apparent inconsistencies between theory and practice, often leading to the implementation of simplified sampling designs that suffer from unknown biases. Moreover, we believe that classical sampling principles which are based on estimation of means and variances are insufficient to fully address many ecological questions that rely on estimating relationships between a response and a set of predictor variables over time and space. Our objective is thus to highlight the importance of selecting an appropriate sampling space and an appropriate sampling design. We also emphasize the importance of using prior knowledge of the study system to estimate models or complex parameters and thus better understand ecological patterns and processes generating these patterns. Using a semi-virtual simulation study as an illustration we reveal how the selection of the space (e.g. geographic, climatic), in which the sampling is designed, influences the patterns that can be ultimately detected. We also demonstrate the inefficiency of common sampling designs to reveal response curves between ecological variables and climatic gradients. Further, we show that response-surface methodology, which has rarely been used in ecology, is much more efficient than more traditional methods. Finally, we discuss the use of prior knowledge, simulation studies and model-based designs in defining appropriate sampling designs. We conclude by a call for development of methods to unbiasedly estimate nonlinear ecologically relevant parameters, in order to make inferences while fulfilling requirements of both sampling theory and field work logistics. ?? 2010 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06421.x","issn":"09067590","usgsCitation":"Albert, C., Yoccoz, N.G., Edwards, T., Graham, C., Zimmermann, N., and Thuiller, W., 2010, Sampling in ecology and evolution - bridging the gap between theory and practice: Ecography, v. 33, no. 6, p. 1028-1037, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06421.x.","startPage":"1028","endPage":"1037","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218236,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06421.x"},{"id":246228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab084e4b0c8380cd87b4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albert, C.H.","contributorId":50765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albert","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yoccoz, Nigel G.","contributorId":61537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoccoz","given":"Nigel","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":33046,"text":"Norwegian Institute for Nature Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":456479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, T.C.","contributorId":72163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graham, C.H.","contributorId":86611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zimmermann, N.E.","contributorId":24547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmermann","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thuiller, W.","contributorId":73034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thuiller","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70036232,"text":"70036232 - 2010 - Habitat suitability and conservation of the Giant Gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) in the Sacramento Valley of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:33:46","indexId":"70036232","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat suitability and conservation of the Giant Gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) in the Sacramento Valley of California","docAbstract":"Resource managers often have little information regarding the habitat requirements and distribution of rare species. Factor analysis-based habitat suitability models describe the ecological niche of a species and identify locations where these conditions occur on the landscape using existing occurrence data. We used factor analyses to assess the suitability of habitats for Thamnophis gigas (Giant Gartersnake), a rare, threatened species endemic to the Central Valley of California, USA, and to map the locations of habitat suitable for T. gigas in the Sacramento Valley. Factor analyses indicated that the niche of T. gigas is composed of sites near rice agriculture with low stream densities. Sites with high canal densities and near wetlands also appeared suitable, but results for these variables were sensitive to potential sampling bias. In the Sacramento Valley, suitable habitats occur primarily in the central portion of the valley floor. Based upon the results of the factor analyses, recovery planning for T. gigas will require an on-the-ground assessment of the current distribution and abundance of T. gigas, maintaining the few remaining natural wetlands and the practice of rice agriculture in the Sacramento Valley, and studying the effects of agricultural practices and land use changes on populations of T. gigas. ?? 2010 by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Copeia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1643/CE-09-199","issn":"00458511","usgsCitation":"Halstead, B., Wylie, G., and Casazza, M.L., 2010, Habitat suitability and conservation of the Giant Gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) in the Sacramento Valley of California: Copeia, no. 4, p. 591-599, https://doi.org/10.1643/CE-09-199.","startPage":"591","endPage":"599","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218427,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1643/CE-09-199"}],"issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f2ce4b0c8380cd5cb5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halstead, B.J.","contributorId":42045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, G.D.","contributorId":68238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034101,"text":"70034101 - 2010 - Do competitors modulate rare plant response to precipitation change?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034101","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do competitors modulate rare plant response to precipitation change?","docAbstract":"Ecologists increasingly suspect that climate change will directly impact species physiology, demography, and phenology, but also indirectly affect these measures via changes to the surrounding community. Unfortunately, few studies examine both the direct and indirect pathways of impact. Doing so is important because altered competitive pressures can reduce or magnify the direct responses of a focal species to climate change. Here, we examine the effects of changing rainfall on three rare annual plant species in the presence and absence of competition on the California Channel Islands. We used rain-out shelters and hand watering to exclude and augment early, late, and season-long rainfall, spanning the wide range of precipitation change forecast for the region. In the absence of competition, droughts reduced the population growth rates of two of three focal annuals, while increased rainfall was only sometimes beneficial, As compared to the focal species, the dominant competitors were more sensitive to the precipitation treatments, benefiting from increased season-long precipitation and harmed by droughts. Importantly, the response of two of three competitors to the precipitation treatments tended to be positively correlated with those of the focal annuals. Although this leads to the expectation that increased competition will counter the direct benefits of favorable conditions, such indirect effects of precipitation change proved weak to nonexistent in our experiment. Competitors had little influence on the precipitation response of two focal species, due to their low sensitivity to competition and highly variable precipitation responses. Competition did affect how our third focal species responded to precipitation change, but this effect only approached significance, and whether it truly resulted from competitor response to precipitation change was unclear. Our work suggests that even when competitors respond to climate change, these responses may have little effect on the focal species. Ultimately, the strength of the indirect effect depends on how strongly climate change alters competition, and how sensitive focal species are to changes in competition. ?? 2010 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/08-2039.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Levine, J., Kathryn, M.A., and Cowan, C., 2010, Do competitors modulate rare plant response to precipitation change?: Ecology, v. 91, no. 1, p. 130-140, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-2039.1.","startPage":"130","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216870,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-2039.1"},{"id":244768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a035fe4b0c8380cd5045b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levine, J.M.","contributorId":77748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levine","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kathryn, Mceachern A.","contributorId":31233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kathryn","given":"Mceachern","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cowan, C.","contributorId":46777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowan","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035237,"text":"70035237 - 2010 - Controls of suspended sediment concentration, nutrient content, and transport in a subtropical wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-22T10:33:16","indexId":"70035237","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls of suspended sediment concentration, nutrient content, and transport in a subtropical wetland","docAbstract":"Redistribution of largely organic sediment from low elevation sloughs to higher elevation ridges is a leading hypothesis for the formation and maintenance of the native ridge and slough landscape pattern found in peat wetlands of the Florida Everglades. We tested this redistribution hypothesis by measuring the concentration and characteristics of suspended sediment and its associated nutrients in the flowpaths of adjacent ridge and slough plant communities. Over two wet seasons we found no sustained differences in suspended sediment mass concentrations, particle-associated P and N concentrations, or sizes of suspended particles between ridge and slough sites. Discharge of suspended sediment, particulate nutrients, and solutes were nearly double in the slough flowpath compared to the ridge flowpath due solely to deeper and faster water flow in sloughs. Spatial and temporal variations in suspended sediment were not related to water velocity, consistent with a hypothesis that the critical sheer stress causing entrainment is not commonly exceeded in the present-day managed Everglades. The uniformity in the concentrations and characteristics of suspended sediment at our research site suggests that sediment and particulate nutrient redistribution between ridges and sloughs does not occur, or rarely occurs, in the modern Everglades.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"http://www.springer.com","doi":"10.1007/s13157-009-0002-5","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Noe, G., Harvey, J., Schaffranek, R., and Larsen, L., 2010, Controls of suspended sediment concentration, nutrient content, and transport in a subtropical wetland: Wetlands, v. 30, no. 1, p. 39-54, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-009-0002-5.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"54","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215246,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-009-0002-5"},{"id":243036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.5205,24.851 ], [ -81.5205,25.8915 ], [ -80.3887,25.8915 ], [ -80.3887,24.851 ], [ -81.5205,24.851 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbcce4b0c8380cd4df7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noe, G.B.","contributorId":66464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaffranek, R.W.","contributorId":61468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Larsen, L. G.","contributorId":50741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"L. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037438,"text":"70037438 - 2010 - Using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to explore geochemical taphonomy of vertebrate fossils in the upper cretaceous two medicine and Judith River formations of Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037438","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3000,"text":"Palaios","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to explore geochemical taphonomy of vertebrate fossils in the upper cretaceous two medicine and Judith River formations of Montana","docAbstract":"Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used to determine rare earth element (REE) content of 76 fossil bones collected from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Two Medicine (TMF) and Judith River (JRF) Formations of Montana. REE content is distinctive at the formation scale, with TMF samples exhibiting generally higher overall REE content and greater variability in REE enrichment than JRF samples. Moreover, JRF bones exhibit relative enrichment in heavy REE, whereas TMF bones span heavy and light enrichment fields in roughly equal proportions. TMF bones are also characterized by more negative Ce anomalies and greater U enrichment than JRF bones, which is consistent with more oxidizing diagenetic conditions in the TMF. Bonebeds in both formations show general consistency in REE content, with no indication of spatial or temporal mixing within sites. Previous studies, however, suggest that the bonebeds in question are attritional assemblages that accumulated over considerable time spans. The absence of geochemical evidence for mixing is consistent with diagenesis transpiring in settings that remained chemically and hydrologically stable during recrystallization. Lithology-related patterns in REE content were also compared, and TMF bones recovered from fluvial sandstones show relative enrichment in heavy REE when compared with bones recovered from fine-grained floodplain deposits. In contrast, JRF bones, regardless of lithologic context (sandstone versus mudstone), exhibit similar patterns of REE uptake. This result is consistent with previous reconstructions that suggest that channel-hosted microfossil bonebeds of the JRF developed via the reworking of preexisting concentrations embedded in the interfluve. Geochemical data further indicate that reworked elements were potentially delivered to channels in a recrystallized condition, which is consistent with rapid adsorption of REE postmortem. Copyright ?? 2010, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaios","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2110/palo.2009.p09-084r","issn":"08831351","usgsCitation":"Rogers, R., Fricke, H., Addona, V., Canavan, R., Dwyer, C., Harwood, C., Koenig, A., Murray, R., Thole, J., and Williams, J., 2010, Using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to explore geochemical taphonomy of vertebrate fossils in the upper cretaceous two medicine and Judith River formations of Montana: Palaios, v. 25, no. 3, p. 183-195, https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2009.p09-084r.","startPage":"183","endPage":"195","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217327,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2009.p09-084r"},{"id":245267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc066e4b08c986b32a0d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogers, R.R.","contributorId":14228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fricke, H.C.","contributorId":78177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fricke","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Addona, V.","contributorId":79732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Addona","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Canavan, R.R.","contributorId":18207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canavan","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dwyer, C.N.","contributorId":52814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harwood, C.L.","contributorId":13838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwood","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Koenig, A.E. 0000-0002-5230-0924","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5230-0924","contributorId":23679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenig","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Murray, R.","contributorId":80440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Thole, J.T.","contributorId":56071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thole","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Williams, J.","contributorId":76270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70037656,"text":"70037656 - 2010 - Floral and nesting resources, habitat structure, and fire influence bee distribution across an open-forest gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:34","indexId":"70037656","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Floral and nesting resources, habitat structure, and fire influence bee distribution across an open-forest gradient","docAbstract":"Given bees' central effect on vegetation communities, it is important to understand how and why bee distributions vary across ecological gradients. We examined how plant community composition, plant diversity, nesting suitability, canopy cover, land use, and fire history affected bee distribution across an open-forest gradient in northwest Indiana, USA, a gradient similar to the historic Midwest United States landscape mosaic. When considered with the other predictors, plant community composition was not a significant predictor of bee community composition. Bee abundance was negatively related to canopy cover and positively to recent fire frequency, bee richness was positively related to plant richness and abundance of potential nesting resources, and bee community composition was significantly related to plant richness, soil characteristics potentially related to nesting suitability, and canopy cover. Thus, bee abundance was predicted by a different set of environmental characteristics than was bee species richness, and bee community composition was predicted, in large part, by a combination of the significant predictors of bee abundance and richness. Differences in bee community composition along the woody vegetation gradient were correlated with relative abundance of oligolectic, or diet specialist, bees. Because oligoleges were rarer than diet generalists and were associated with open habitats, their populations may be especially affected by degradation of open habitats. More habitat-specialist bees were documented for open and forest/scrub habitats than for savanna/woodland habitats, consistent with bees responding to habitats of intermediate woody vegetation density, such as savannas, as ecotones rather than as distinct habitat types. Similarity of bee community composition, similarity of bee abundance, and similarity of bee richness between sites were not significantly related to proximity of sites to each other. Nestedness analysis indicated that species composition in species-poor sites was not merely a subset of species composition at richer sites. The lack of significant proximity or nestedness effects suggests that factors at a small spatial scale strongly influence bees' use of sites. The findings indicate that patterns of plant diversity, nesting resource availability, recent fire, and habitat shading, present at the scale of a few hundred meters, are key determinants of bee community patterns in the mosaic open-savanna-forest landscape. ?? 2010 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/08-1792.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Grundel, R., Jean, R., Frohnapple, K., Glowacki, G., Scott, P., and Pavlovic, N., 2010, Floral and nesting resources, habitat structure, and fire influence bee distribution across an open-forest gradient: Ecological Applications, v. 20, no. 6, p. 1678-1692, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1792.1.","startPage":"1678","endPage":"1692","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217964,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-1792.1"},{"id":245937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1226e4b0c8380cd541ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grundel, R.","contributorId":37110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundel","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jean, R.P.","contributorId":23361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jean","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frohnapple, K.J.","contributorId":13442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frohnapple","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glowacki, G.A.","contributorId":28843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glowacki","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scott, P.E.","contributorId":9503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pavlovic, N.B.","contributorId":105076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70037290,"text":"70037290 - 2010 - Mapping elevations of tidal wetland restoration sites in San Francisco Bay: Comparing accuracy of aerial lidar with a singlebeam echosounder","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T16:28:19","indexId":"70037290","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping elevations of tidal wetland restoration sites in San Francisco Bay: Comparing accuracy of aerial lidar with a singlebeam echosounder","docAbstract":"The southern edge of San Francisco Bay is surrounded by former salt evaporation ponds, where tidal flow has been restricted since the mid to late 1890s. These ponds are now the focus of a large wetland restoration project, and accurate measurement of current pond bathymetry and adjacent mud flats has been critical to restoration planning. Aerial light detection and ranging (lidar) has become a tool for mapping surface elevations, but its accuracy had rarely been assessed for wetland habitats. We used a singlebeam echosounder system we developed for surveying shallow wetlands to map submerged pond bathymetry in January of 2004 and compared those results with aerial lidar surveys in two ponds that were dry in May of 2004. From those data sets, we compared elevations for 5164 (Pond E9, 154 ha) and 2628 (Pond E14, 69 ha) echosounder and lidar points within a 0.375-m radius of each other (0.750-m diameter lidar spot size). We found that mean elevations of the lidar points were lower than the echosounder results by 5 ?? 0.1 cm in Pond E9 and 2 ?? 0.2 cm in Pond E14. Only a few points (5% in Pond E9, 2% in Pond E14) differed by more than 20 cm, and some of these values may be explained by residual water in the ponds during the lidar survey or elevation changes that occurred between surveys. Our results suggest that aerial lidar may be a very accurate and rapid way to assess terrain elevations for wetland restoration projects. ?? 2010 Coastal Education and Research Foundation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2112/08-1076.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Athearn, N., Takekawa, J.Y., Jaffe, B., Hattenbach, B., and Foxgrover, A., 2010, Mapping elevations of tidal wetland restoration sites in San Francisco Bay: Comparing accuracy of aerial lidar with a singlebeam echosounder: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 26, no. 2, p. 312-319, https://doi.org/10.2112/08-1076.1.","startPage":"312","endPage":"319","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217374,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/08-1076.1"},{"id":245319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5056e4b0c8380cd6b60c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Athearn, N.D.","contributorId":86958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Athearn","given":"N.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":460296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaffe, B.","contributorId":78517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hattenbach, B.J.","contributorId":103902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hattenbach","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Foxgrover, A.C.","contributorId":34321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foxgrover","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034090,"text":"70034090 - 2010 - New and interesting species of the genus Muelleria (Bacillariophyta) from the Antarctic region and South Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034090","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3055,"text":"Phycologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New and interesting species of the genus Muelleria (Bacillariophyta) from the Antarctic region and South Africa","docAbstract":"During a survey of the terrestrial diatom flora of some sub-Antarctic islands in the southern Indian and Atlantic Oceans and of the Antarctic continent, more than 15 taxa belonging to the genus Muelleria were observed. Nine of these taxa are described as new species using light and scanning electron microscopy. Comments are made on their systematic position and how they are distinguished from other species in the genus. Additionally, two previously unrecognized taxa within the genus were discovered in samples from South Africa. One of these, Muelleria taylorii Van de Vijver & Cocquyt sp. nov., is new to science; the other, Muelleria vandermerwei (Cholnoky) Van de Vijver & Cocquyt nov. comb., had been included in the genus Diploneis. The large number of new Muelleria taxa on the (sub)-Antarctic locations is not surprising. Species in Muelleria occur rarely in collections; in many habitats, it is unusual to find more than 1-2 valves in any slide preparation. As a result, records are scarce. The practice of \"force-fitting\" (shoehorning) specimens into descriptions from common taxonomic keys (and species drift) results in European species, such as M. gibbula and M. linearis, being applied to Antarctic forms in ecological studies. Finally, the typical terrestrial habitats of soils, mosses and ephemeral water bodies of most of these taxa have been poorly studied in the past.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Phycologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2216/09-27.1","issn":"00318884","usgsCitation":"Van De Vijver, B., Mataloni, G., Stanish, L., and Spaulding, S., 2010, New and interesting species of the genus Muelleria (Bacillariophyta) from the Antarctic region and South Africa: Phycologia, v. 49, no. 1, p. 22-41, https://doi.org/10.2216/09-27.1.","startPage":"22","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476044,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11336/53537","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216719,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2216/09-27.1"}],"volume":"49","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6553e4b0c8380cd72b72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van De Vijver, B.","contributorId":19782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van De Vijver","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mataloni, G.","contributorId":67756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mataloni","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanish, L.","contributorId":31232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanish","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spaulding, S. A. 0000-0002-9787-7743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9787-7743","contributorId":74390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaulding","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037519,"text":"70037519 - 2010 - Fire helps restore natural disturbance regime to benefit rare and endangered marsh birds endemic to the Colorado River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70037519","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire helps restore natural disturbance regime to benefit rare and endangered marsh birds endemic to the Colorado River","docAbstract":"Large flood events were part of the historical disturbance regime within the lower basin of most large river systems around the world. Large flood events are now rare in the lower basins of most large river systems due to flood control structures. Endemic organisms that are adapted to this historical disturbance regime have become less abundant due to these dramatic changes in the hydrology and the resultant changes in vegetation structure. The Yuma Clapper Rail is a federally endangered bird that breeds in emergent marshes within the lower Colorado River basin in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. We evaluated whether prescribed fire could be used as a surrogate disturbance event to help restore historical conditions for the benefit of Yuma Clapper Rails and four sympatric marsh-dependent birds. We conducted call-broadcast surveys for marsh birds within burned and unburned (control) plots both pre-and post-burn. Fire increased the numbers of Yuma Clapper Rails and Virginia Rails, and did not affect the numbers of Black Rails, Soras, and Least Bitterns. We found no evidence that detection probability of any of the five species differed between burn and control plots. Our results suggest that prescribed fire can be used to set back succession of emergent marshlands and help mimic the natural disturbance regime in the lower Colorado River basin. Hence, prescribed fire can be used to help increase Yuma Clapper Rail populations without adversely affecting sympatric species. Implementing a coordinated long-term fire management plan within marshes of the lower Colorado River may allow regulatory agencies to remove the Yuma Clapper Rail from the endangered species list. ?? 2010 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/09-1624.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Conway, C., Nadeau, C., and Piest, L., 2010, Fire helps restore natural disturbance regime to benefit rare and endangered marsh birds endemic to the Colorado River: Ecological Applications, v. 20, no. 7, p. 2024-2035, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-1624.1.","startPage":"2024","endPage":"2035","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217917,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/09-1624.1"},{"id":245890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a103fe4b0c8380cd53bbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conway, C.J.","contributorId":33417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nadeau, C.P.","contributorId":98426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nadeau","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piest, L.","contributorId":27724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piest","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036451,"text":"70036451 - 2010 - Comparing forest fragmentation and its drivers in China and the USA with Globcover v2.2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T11:47:22","indexId":"70036451","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing forest fragmentation and its drivers in China and the USA with Globcover v2.2","docAbstract":"Forest loss and fragmentation are of major concern to the international community, in large part because they impact so many important environmental processes. The main objective of this study was to assess the differences in forest fragmentation patterns and drivers between China and the conterminous United States (USA). Using the latest 300-m resolution global land cover product, Globcover v2.2, a comparative analysis of forest fragmentation patterns and drivers was made. The fragmentation patterns were characterized by using a forest fragmentation model built on the sliding window analysis technique in association with landscape indices. Results showed that China’s forests were substantially more fragmented than those of the USA. This was evidenced by a large difference in the amount of interior forest area share, with China having 48% interior forest versus the 66% for the USA. China’s forest fragmentation was primarily attributed to anthropogenic disturbances, driven particularly by agricultural expansion from an increasing and large population, as well as poor forest management practices. In contrast, USA forests were principally fragmented by natural land cover types. However, USA urban sprawl contributed more to forest fragmentation than in China. This is closely tied to the USA’s economy, lifestyle and institutional processes. Fragmentation maps were generated from this study, which provide valuable insights and implications regarding habitat planning for rare and endangered species. Such maps enable development of strategic plans for sustainable forest management by identifying areas with high amounts of human-induced fragmentation, which improve risk assessments and enable better targeting for protection and remediation efforts. Because forest fragmentation is a long-term, complex process that is highly related to political, institutional, economic and philosophical arenas, both nations need to take effective and comprehensive measures to mitigate the negative effects of forest loss and fragmentation on the existing forest ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.07.010","issn":"03014797","usgsCitation":"Chen, M., Mao, L., Zhou, C., Vogelmann, J., and Zhu, Z., 2010, Comparing forest fragmentation and its drivers in China and the USA with Globcover v2.2: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 91, no. 12, p. 2572-2580, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.07.010.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2572","endPage":"2580","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218320,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.07.010"}],"volume":"91","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f832e4b0c8380cd4cf30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Mingshi mchen@usgs.gov","contributorId":4204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Mingshi","email":"mchen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mao, Lijun","contributorId":202732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mao","given":"Lijun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhou, Chunguo","contributorId":202733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhou","given":"Chunguo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vogelmann, James E. 0000-0002-0804-5823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":16604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhu, Zhiliang 0000-0002-6860-6936 zzhu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-6936","contributorId":150078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhiliang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70036155,"text":"70036155 - 2010 - Detrital zircon provenance from three turbidite depocenters of the Middle-Upper Triassic Songpan-Ganzi complex, central China: Record of collisional tectonics, erosional exhumation, and sediment production","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:07","indexId":"70036155","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detrital zircon provenance from three turbidite depocenters of the Middle-Upper Triassic Songpan-Ganzi complex, central China: Record of collisional tectonics, erosional exhumation, and sediment production","docAbstract":"To test the idea that the voluminous upper Middle to Upper Triassic turbidite strata in the Songpan-Ganzi complex of central China archive a detrital record of Dabie ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terrane unroofing, we report 2080 single detrital U-Pb zircon ages by sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe-reverse geometry (SHRIMP-RG) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis from 29 eastern Songpan-Ganzi complex sandstone samples. Low (<0.07) Th/U zircons, consistent with crystallization under UHP conditions, are rare in eastern Songpan-Ganzi complex zircon, and U-Pb ages of low Th/U zircons are incompatible with a Dabie terrane source. An unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean nearest-neighbor analysis of Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test results reveals that the eastern Songpan-Ganzi complex is not a single contiguous turbidite system but is instead composed of three subsidiary depocenters, each associated with distinct sediment sources. The northeastern depocenter contains zircon ages characterized by Paleozoic and bimodally distributed Precambrian zircon populations, which, together with south-to southeast-directed paleocurrent data, indicate derivation from the retro-side of the Qinling-Dabie (Q-D) collisional orogen wedge. In the central depocenter, the dominantly Paleozoic detrital zircon signature and south-to southwest-oriented paleocurrent indicators reflect a profusion of Paleozoic zircon grains. These data are interpreted to reflect an influx of material derived from erosion of Paleozoic supra-UHP rocks of the Dabie terrane in the eastern Qinling-Dabie orogen, which we speculate may have been enhanced by development of a monsoonal climate. This suggests that erosional unroofing played a significant role in the initial phase of UHP exhumation and likely influenced the petrotectonic and structural evolution of the Qinling-Dabie orogen, as evidenced by compressed Triassic isotherms/grads reported in the Huwan shear zone that bounds the Dabie terrane to the north. The central depocenter deposits reflect a later influx of bimodally distributed Precambrian zircon, signifying either a decrease in the influx of Paleozoic zircon grains due to stalled UHP exhumation and/or dilution of the same influx of Paleozoic zircons by spilling of Precambrian zircon from the northeastern depocenter into the central depocenter basin, perhaps due to infilling and bypass of sediment from the northern depocenter or due to initial collapse and constriction of the eastern Songpan-Ganzi complex basin. The southeastern depocenter of the eastern Songpan-Ganzi complex bears significant Paleozoic, Neoproterozoic, and Paleoproterozoic zircon populations derived from the South China block and Yidun arc complex, likely recording nascent uplift of the Longmenshan deformation belt due to impingement of the Yidun arc complex upon the western margin of the South China block. ?? 2010 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B26606.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Weislogel, A., Graham, S., Chang, E.Z., Wooden, J.L., and Gehrels, G.E., 2010, Detrital zircon provenance from three turbidite depocenters of the Middle-Upper Triassic Songpan-Ganzi complex, central China: Record of collisional tectonics, erosional exhumation, and sediment production: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 122, no. 11-12, p. 2041-2062, https://doi.org/10.1130/B26606.1.","startPage":"2041","endPage":"2062","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218160,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B26606.1"}],"volume":"122","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffffe4b0c8380cd4f518","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weislogel, A.L.","contributorId":45896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weislogel","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, S.A.","contributorId":82494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chang, E. Z.","contributorId":8287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chang","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gehrels, G. E.","contributorId":9660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gehrels","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037712,"text":"70037712 - 2010 - Dacite petrogenesis on mid-ocean ridges: Evidence for oceanic crustal melting and assimilation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:34","indexId":"70037712","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dacite petrogenesis on mid-ocean ridges: Evidence for oceanic crustal melting and assimilation","docAbstract":"Whereas the majority of eruptions at oceanic spreading centers produce lavas with relatively homogeneous mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) compositions, the formation of tholeiitic andesites and dacites at mid-ocean ridges (MORs) is a petrological enigma. Eruptions of MOR high-silica lavas are typically associated with ridge discontinuities and have produced regionally significant volumes of lava. Andesites and dacites have been observed and sampled at several locations along the global MOR system; these include propagating ridge tips at ridge-transform intersections on the Juan de Fuca Ridge and eastern Gal??pagos spreading center, and at the 9??N overlapping spreading center on the East Pacific Rise. Despite the formation of these lavas at various ridges, MOR dacites show remarkably similar major element trends and incompatible trace element enrichments, suggesting that similar processes are controlling their chemistry. Although most geochemical variability in MOR basalts is consistent with low-pressure fractional crystallization of various mantle-derived parental melts, our geochemical data for MOR dacitic glasses suggest that contamination from a seawater-altered component is important in their petrogenesis. MOR dacites are characterized by elevated U, Th, Zr, and Hf, low Nb and Ta concentrations relative to rare earth elements (REE), and Al2O3, K2O, and Cl concentrations that are higher than expected from low-pressure fractional crystallization alone. Petrological modeling of MOR dacites suggests that partial melting and assimilation are both integral to their petrogenesis. Extensive fractional crystallization of a MORB parent combined with partial melting and assimilation of amphibole-bearing altered crust produces a magma with a geochemical signature similar to a MOR dacite. This supports the hypothesis that crustal assimilation is an important process in the formation of highly evolved MOR lavas and may be significant in the generation of evolved MORB in general. Additionally, these processes are likely to be more common in regions of episodic magma supply and enhanced magma-crust interaction such as at the ends of ridge segments. ?? The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egq056","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Wanless, V., Perfit, M., Ridley, W., and Klein, E., 2010, Dacite petrogenesis on mid-ocean ridges: Evidence for oceanic crustal melting and assimilation: Journal of Petrology, v. 51, no. 12, p. 2377-2410, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egq056.","startPage":"2377","endPage":"2410","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475859,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egq056","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217914,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egq056"}],"volume":"51","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd57e4b0c8380cd4e7ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wanless, V.D.","contributorId":30487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanless","given":"V.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perfit, M.R.","contributorId":45467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perfit","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ridley, W.I.","contributorId":72122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klein, E.","contributorId":97356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194333,"text":"70194333 - 2010 - A review of silver-rich mineral deposits and their metallogeny","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T11:16:19","indexId":"70194333","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"A review of silver-rich mineral deposits and their metallogeny","docAbstract":"Mineral deposits with large inventories or high grades of silver are found in four genetic groups: (1) volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS), (2) sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX), (3) lithogene, and, (4) magmatichydrothermal. Principal differences between the four groups relate to source rocks and regions, metal associations, process and timing of mineralization, and tectonic setting. These four groups may be subdivided into specific metal associations on ternary diagrams based on relative metal contents.
The VMS deposits rarely contain more than 15,600 t Ag (500 Moz). Grades average 33 g/t Ag. Variable Ag- Pb-Zn-Cu-Au ± Sn concentrations are interpreted as having been derived both from shallow plutons and by leaching of the volcanic rock pile in regions of thin or no continental crust and the mineralization is syngenetic. Higher silver grades are associated with areas of abundant felsic volcanic rocks. The SEDEX deposits rarely contain more than 15,600 t Ag (500 Moz). Grades average 46 g/t Ag. Silver, lead, and zinc in relatively consistent proportions are leached from sedimentary rocks filling rift-related basins, where the continental crust is thin, and deposited as syngenetic to diagenetic massive sulfides. Pre-mineral volcanic rocks and their detritus may occur deep within the basin and gold is typically absent.
Lithogene silver-rich deposits are epigenetic products of varying combinations of compaction, dewatering, meteoric water recharge, and metamorphism of rift basin-related clastic sedimentary and interbedded volcanic rocks. Individual deposits may contain more than 15,600 t Ag (500 Moz) at high grades. Ores are characterized by four well-defined metal associations, including Ag, Ag-Pb-Zn, Ag-Cu, and Ag-Co-Ni-U. Leaching, transport, and deposition of metals may occur both in specific sedimentary strata and other rock types adjacent to the rift. Multiple mineralizing events lasting 10 to 15 m.y., separated by as much as 1 b.y., may occur in a single basin. Gold is absent at economic levels.
The magmatic-hydrothermal silver-rich deposits are epigenetic and related to cordilleran igneous and volcanic suites. Six magmatic-hydrothermal districts each contain more than 31,000 t Ag (1,000 Moz) with grades of veins >600 g/t Ag. Mineralization occurs as veins, massive sulfides in carbonate rocks, and disseminated deposits including porphyry silver deposits, a proposed exploration model. Most deposits are epithermal with low-sulfidation alteration assemblages. Deposits are often telescoped and well-zoned. All large and high-grade magmatic-hydrothermal deposits appear confined to regions of relatively thick continental crust above Cenozoic consuming plate margins on the eastern side of the Pacific Rim. Silver in these deposits may be partly derived by hydrothermal leaching of rocks under or adjacent to the deposits.
Specific metal associations in SEDEX and lithogene deposits may reflect confinement of fluid flow to and derivation of metals from specific source rock types. Variable metal associations in VMS and magmatichydrothermal deposits may reflect derivation of metals from a more diverse suite of rocks by convecting hydrothermal systems and processes related to the generation of magma. The discovery rate for silver-rich deposits has accelerated during the past decade, with new deposit types, metal associations, and exploration models being identified that provide numerous exploration and research opportunities.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The challenge of finding new mineral resources: Global metallogeny, innovative exploration, and new discoveries; SEG Special Publication 15 Vol. 1","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","usgsCitation":"Graybeal, F., and Vikre, P.G., 2010, A review of silver-rich mineral deposits and their metallogeny, chap. of The challenge of finding new mineral resources: Global metallogeny, innovative exploration, and new discoveries; SEG Special Publication 15 Vol. 1, p. 85-117.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"117","ipdsId":"IP-021427","costCenters":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349514,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349513,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.segweb.org/store/detail.aspx?id=EDOCSP15V1CH07"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610acde4b06e28e9c256e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graybeal, Frederick","contributorId":139000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graybeal","given":"Frederick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12586,"text":"Consultant","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":723332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vikre, Peter G. 0000-0001-7895-5972 pvikre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7895-5972","contributorId":139033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vikre","given":"Peter","email":"pvikre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035585,"text":"70035585 - 2010 - Mineralogy and the release of trace elements from slag from the Hegeler Zinc smelter, Illinois (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-02T15:22:52","indexId":"70035585","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and the release of trace elements from slag from the Hegeler Zinc smelter, Illinois (USA)","docAbstract":"Slag from the former Hegeler Zn-smelting facility in Illinois (USA) is mainly composed of spinifex Ca-rich plagioclase, fine-grained dendritic or coarse-grained subhedral to anhedral clinopyroxenes, euhedral to subhedral spinels, spherical blebs of Fe sulfides, silicate glass, and less commonly fayalitic olivine. Mullite and quartz were also identified in one sample as representing remnants of the furnace lining. Secondary phases such as goethite, hematite and gypsum are significant in some samples and reflect surficial weathering of the dump piles or represent byproducts of roasting. A relatively rare Zn-rich material contains anhedral willemite, subhedral gahnite, massive zincite, hardystonite and a Zn sulfate (brianyoungite), among other phases, and likely represents the molten content of the smelting furnace before Zn extraction. The bulk major-element chemistry of most slag samples is dominated by SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and CaO. The bulk composition of the slag suggests a high viscosity of the melt and the mineralogy suggests a high silica content of the melt. Bulk slag trace-element chemistry shows that the dominant metal is Zn with >28.4 wt.% in the Zn-rich material and between 212 and 14,900 mg/kg in the other slags. The concentrations of other trace elements reach the following: 45 mg/kg As, 1170 mg/kg Ba, 191 mg/kg Cd, 242 mg/kg Co, 103 mg/kg Cr, 6360 mg/kg Cu, 107 mg/kg Ni, and 711 mg/kg Pb.
Zinc, as the dominant metal in the slags, is likely the most environmentally significant metal in these samples; Cd, Cu, and Pb are also of concern and their concentrations exceed US Environmental Protection Agency preliminary remediation goals for residential soils. Spinel was found to be the dominant concentrator of Zn for samples containing significant Zn (>1 wt.%); the silicate glass also contained relatively high concentrations of Zn compared to other phases. Zinc partitioned into the silicates and oxides in these samples is generally more resistant to weathering and therefore less leached when compared to the slag samples with lower bulk Zn concentrations where Zn is likely partitioned into volumetrically minor sulfides. This is confirmed by leachate tests that resulted in low leachate Zn concentrations for samples with Zn partitioned into spinel. In contrast, the concentrations of Zn and SO4 are close to those expected from the dissolution of stoichiometric ZnS in leachates from samples in which the dominant host of Zn is suspected to be sulfides. The fact that Zn and other metals occur commonly as sulfides, which are more reactive than the silicates and oxides into which they dominantly partition according to other slag studies, indicates the Hegeler slag pile may be more of an environmental concern than other slag piles.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.12.001","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Piatak, N., and Seal, R., 2010, Mineralogy and the release of trace elements from slag from the Hegeler Zinc smelter, Illinois (USA): Applied Geochemistry, v. 25, no. 2, p. 302-320, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.12.001.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"302","endPage":"320","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-015367","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216483,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.12.001"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5acae4b0c8380cd6f12a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatak, Nadine M. 0000-0002-1973-8537 npiatak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-8537","contributorId":167138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"Nadine M.","email":"npiatak@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":451339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035206,"text":"70035206 - 2010 - Multi-species occurrence models to evaluate the effects of conservation and management actions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035206","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-species occurrence models to evaluate the effects of conservation and management actions","docAbstract":"Conservation and management actions often have direct and indirect effects on a wide range of species. As such, it is important to evaluate the impacts that such actions may have on both target and non-target species within a region. Understanding how species richness and composition differ as a result of management treatments can help determine potential ecological consequences. Yet it is difficult to estimate richness because traditional sampling approaches detect species at variable rates and some species are never observed. We present a framework for assessing management actions on biodiversity using a multi-species hierarchical model that estimates individual species occurrences, while accounting for imperfect detection of species. Our model incorporates species-specific responses to management treatments and local vegetation characteristics and a hierarchical component that links species at a community-level. This allows for comprehensive inferences on the whole community or on assemblages of interest. Compared to traditional species models, occurrence estimates are improved for all species, even for those that are rarely observed, resulting in more precise estimates of species richness (including species that were unobserved during sampling). We demonstrate the utility of this approach for conservation through an analysis comparing bird communities in two geographically similar study areas: one in which white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) densities have been regulated through hunting and one in which deer densities have gone unregulated. Although our results indicate that species and assemblage richness were similar in the two study areas, point-level richness was significantly influenced by local vegetation characteristics, a result that would have been underestimated had we not accounted for variability in species detection.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2009.11.016","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Zipkin, E., Andrew, R.J., Dawson, D., and Bates, S., 2010, Multi-species occurrence models to evaluate the effects of conservation and management actions: Biological Conservation, v. 143, no. 2, p. 479-484, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.11.016.","startPage":"479","endPage":"484","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215276,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.11.016"},{"id":243066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"143","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fc8e4b0c8380cd71129","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zipkin, E.F.","contributorId":52790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipkin","given":"E.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrew, Royle J.","contributorId":69800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrew","given":"Royle","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, D.K. 0000-0001-7531-212X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-212X","contributorId":94752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bates, S.","contributorId":44271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bates","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037576,"text":"70037576 - 2010 - Normal-faulting slip maxima and stress-drop variability: A geological perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T17:11:07.466551","indexId":"70037576","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Normal-faulting slip maxima and stress-drop variability: A geological perspective","docAbstract":"We present an empirical estimate of maximum slip in continental normal-faulting earthquakes and present evidence that stress drop in intraplate extensional environments is dependent on fault maturity. A survey of reported slip in historical earthquakes globally and in latest Quaternary paleoearthquakes in the Western Cordillera of the United States indicates maximum vertical displacements as large as 6–6.5 m. A difference in the ratio of maximum-to-mean displacements between data sets of prehistoric and historical earthquakes, together with constraints on bias in estimates of mean paleodisplacement, suggest that applying a correction factor of 1.4±0.3 to the largest observed displacement along a paleorupture may provide a reasonable estimate of the maximum displacement. Adjusting the largest paleodisplacements in our regional data set (∼6 m) by a factor of 1.4 yields a possible upper-bound vertical displacement for the Western Cordillera of about 8.4 m, although a smaller correction factor may be more appropriate for the longest ruptures. Because maximum slip is highly localized along strike, if such large displacements occur, they are extremely rare.
Static stress drop in surface-rupturing earthquakes in the Western Cordillera, as represented by maximum reported displacement as a fraction of modeled rupture length, appears to be larger on normal faults with low cumulative geologic displacement (<2 km) and larger in regions such as the Rocky Mountains, where immature, low-throw faults are concentrated. This conclusion is consistent with a growing recognition that structural development influences stress drop and indicates that this influence is significant enough to be evident among faults within a single intraplate environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120090356","usgsCitation":"Hecker, S., Dawson, T.E., and Schwartz, D.P., 2010, Normal-faulting slip maxima and stress-drop variability: A geological perspective: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 100, no. 6, p. 3130-3147, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120090356.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"3130","endPage":"3147","ipdsId":"IP-011112","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a67c3e4b0c8380cd7349b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hecker, Suzanne 0000-0002-5054-372X shecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5054-372X","contributorId":3553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hecker","given":"Suzanne","email":"shecker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, T. E.","contributorId":84537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":52968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179633,"text":"70179633 - 2010 - Unusual subterranean aggregations of the California Giant Salamander, Dicamptodon ensatus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-09T11:39:02","indexId":"70179633","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1894,"text":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","onlineIssn":"2151-0733","printIssn":"1931-7603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unusual subterranean aggregations of the California Giant Salamander, Dicamptodon ensatus","docAbstract":"Larval Dicamptodon are one of the most abundant vertebrates in headwater streams in the Pacific Northwest. Their numbers and biomass can exceed those of all other amphibians, and of salmonid fishes. By contrast, metamorphosed Dicamptodon are only found infrequently, usually during formal surveys using pitfall traps, cover boards, or time constrained surveys However, we found two aggregations (23 and 27 individuals) of metamorphosed Dicamptodon ensatus during a culvert removal project at Point Reyes National Seashore, California. Furthermore, we found an additional 23 terrestrial D. ensatus in terrestrial habitat adjacent to the culverts. We did not expect these aggregations because metamorphosed individuals are so rarely encountered, and aggregations are likely to increase competition and predation in a species known to feed regularly on vertebrate prey. Deteriorating culverts might provide an unusually high-quality habitat that leads to aggregations such as we describe. Our observations may provide insight into the natural haunts of D. ensatus—underground burrows or caverns—and if so, then aggregations may be normal, but rarely seen.
","language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","usgsCitation":"Fellers, G.M., Wood, L.L., Carlisle, S., and Pratt, D., 2010, Unusual subterranean aggregations of the California Giant Salamander, Dicamptodon ensatus: Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 5, no. 1, p. 149-154.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"154","ipdsId":"IP-082094","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332989,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332969,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/contents_vol5_issue1.html"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5874b0aee4b0a829a320bb6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Leslie L.","contributorId":178117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlisle, Sarah","contributorId":178118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pratt, David","contributorId":174869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pratt","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037706,"text":"70037706 - 2010 - Detrital zircon analysis of Mesoproterozoic and neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of northcentral idaho: Implications for development of the Belt-Purcell basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:33","indexId":"70037706","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detrital zircon analysis of Mesoproterozoic and neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of northcentral idaho: Implications for development of the Belt-Purcell basin","docAbstract":"The authors analyzed detrital zircon grains from 10 metasedimentary rock samples of the Priest River complex and three other amphibolite-facies metamorphic sequences in north-central Idaho to test the previous assignment of these rocks to the Mesoproterozoic Belt-Purcell Supergroup. Zircon grains from two samples of the Prichard Formation (lower Belt) and one sample of Cambrian quartzite were also analyzed as controls with known depositional ages. U-Pb zircon analysis by laser ablation - inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry reveals that 6 of the 10 samples contain multiple age populations between 1900 and 1400 Ma and a scatter of older ages, similar to results reported from the Belt- Purcell Supergroup to the north and east. Results from the Priest River metamorphic complex confirm previous correlations with the Prichard Formation. Samples from the Golden and Elk City sequences have significant numbers of 1500-1380 Ma grains, which indicates that they do not predate the Belt. Rather, they are probably from a relatively young, southwestern part of the Belt Supergroup (Lemhi subbasin). Non-North American (1610-1490 Ma) grains are rare in these rocks. Three samples of quartzite from the Syringa metamorphic sequence northwest of the Idaho batholith contain zircon grains younger than the Belt Supergroup and support a Neoproterozoic age. A single Cambrian sample has abundant 1780 Ma grains and none younger than ~1750 Ma. These results indicate that the likely protoliths of many high-grade metamorphic rocks in northern Idaho were strata of the Belt-Purcell Supergroup or overlying rocks of the Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup and not basement rocks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/E10-049","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Lewis, R.S., Vervoort, J., Burmester, R., and Oswald, P., 2010, Detrital zircon analysis of Mesoproterozoic and neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of northcentral idaho: Implications for development of the Belt-Purcell basin: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 47, no. 11, p. 1383-1404, https://doi.org/10.1139/E10-049.","startPage":"1383","endPage":"1404","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218095,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/E10-049"}],"volume":"47","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fffde4b0c8380cd4f503","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, R. S.","contributorId":19951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vervoort, J.D.","contributorId":98126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vervoort","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burmester, R. F.","contributorId":83539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burmester","given":"R. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oswald, P.J.","contributorId":72269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oswald","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}