In 2017, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, drilled and constructed borehole TAN-2312 for stratigraphic framework analyses and long-term groundwater monitoring of the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer at the Idaho National Laboratory in southeast Idaho. The location of borehole TAN-2312 was selected because it was downgradient from TAN and believed to be the outer extent of waste plumes originating from the TAN facility. Borehole TAN-2312 initially was cored to collect continuous geologic data, and then re-drilled to complete construction as a monitor well. The final construction for borehole TAN-2312 required 16- and 10-inch (in.) diameter carbon-steel well casing to 37 and 228 feet below land surface (ft BLS), respectively, and 9.9-in. diameter open-hole completion below the casing to 522 ft BLS. Depth to water is measured near 244 ft BLS. Following construction and data collection, a temporary submersible pump and water-level access line were placed near 340 ft BLS to allow for aquifer testing, for collecting periodic water samples, and for measuring water levels.
Borehole TAN-2312 was cored continuously, starting at the first basalt contact (about 37 ft BLS) to a depth of 568 ft BLS. Not including surface sediment (0–37 ft), recovery of basalt and sediment core at borehole TAN-2312 was about 93 percent; however, core recovery from 170 to 568 ft BLS was 100 percent. Based on visual inspection of core and geophysical data, basalt examined from 37 to 568 ft BLS consists of about 32 basalt flows that range from approximately 3 to 87 ft in thickness and 4 sediment layers with a combined thickness of approximately 76 ft. About 2 ft of total sediment was described for the saturated zone, observed from 244 to 568 ft BLS, near 296 and 481 ft BLS. Sediment described for the saturated zone were composed of fine-grained sand and silt with a lesser amount of clay. Basalt texture for borehole TAN-2312 generally was described as aphanitic, phaneritic, and porphyritic. Basalt flows varied from highly fractured to dense with high to low vesiculation.
Geophysical and borehole video logs were collected after core drilling and after final construction at borehole TAN-2312. Geophysical logs were examined synergistically with available core material to suggest zones where groundwater flow was anticipated. Natural gamma log measurements were used to assess sediment layer thickness and location. Neutron and gamma-gamma source logs were used to identify fractured areas for aquifer testing. Acoustic televiewer logs, fluid logs, and electromagnetic flow meter results were used to identify fractures and assess groundwater movement when compared against neutron measurements. Furthermore, gyroscopic deviation measurements were used to measure horizontal and vertical displacement for borehole TAN-2312.
After construction of borehole TAN-2312, a single-well aquifer test was completed September 27, 2017, to provide estimates of transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity. Estimates for transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity were 1.51×102 feet squared per day and 0.23 feet per day, respectively. During the 220-minute aquifer test, well TAN-2312 had about 23 ft of measured drawdown at sustained pumping rate of 27.2 gallons per minute. The transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity estimates for well TAN-2312 were lower than the values determined from previous aquifer tests in other wells near Test Area North.
Water samples were analyzed for cations, anions, metals, nutrients, volatile organic compounds, stable isotopes, and radionuclides. Water samples for most of the inorganic constituents showed concentrations near background levels for eastern regional groundwater. Water samples for stable isotopes of oxygen, hydrogen, and sulfur indicated some possible influence of irrigation on the water quality. The volatile organic compound data indicated that this well had some minor influence by wastewater disposal practices at Test Area North.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185118","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Twining, B.V., Bartholomay, R.C., and Hodges, M.K.V., 2018, Completion summary for borehole TAN-2312 at Test Area North, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018-5118, DOE/ID-22247, 29 p., plus appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185118.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 29 p.; Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-090126","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358288,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5118/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":358289,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5118/sir20185118.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5118"},{"id":358290,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5118/sir20185118_appendix01.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"85 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5118 Appendix 1"},{"id":358291,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5118/sir20185118_appendix02.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"27 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5118 Appendix 2"},{"id":358292,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5118/sir20185118_appendix03.pdf","text":"Appendix 3","size":"2.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5118 Appendix 3"},{"id":358293,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5118/sir20185118_appendix04.pdf","text":"Appendix 4","size":"138 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5118 Appendix 4"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.75,\n 43.8167\n ],\n [\n -112.6833,\n 43.8167\n ],\n [\n -112.6833,\n 43.8667\n ],\n [\n -112.75,\n 43.8667\n ],\n [\n -112.75,\n 43.8167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Road
Boise, Idaho 83702
The Fall Line (formally \"Tidewater Fall Line\") separates the more resistant igneous, metamorphic, and consolidated sedimentary rocks of the Piedmont from the typically unconsolidated deposits of the Coastal Plain of Virginia. Widespread but now discontinuous patches of a deeply weathered sand and gravel are found west of the Fall Line, capping the highest hilltops. Near the community of Midlothian, Virginia, the gravels are underlain by fine-grained marine silts that bear an informative assemblage of fossil dinoflagellate cysts (dinocysts). In situ dinocysts belong to middleMiocene zone DN7, which is calibrated to ~12-13 Ma. These deposits are assigned to the upper part of the Choptank Formation, which crops out ~ 25 km(15 mi) to the east at an elevation ~ 60m(200 ft) lower. The dinocyst assemblage suggests that the maximum extent of this Choptank transgression probably covered a significant expanse of the Virginia Piedmont. The Choptank marine silts constrain the age of the unconformably overlying Midlothian gravels to younger than the latter part of the middle Miocene. Previous work has indicated that these gravels also are older than the Pliocene Yorktown Formation. Rare, reworked dinocysts in these Choptank outcrops west of the Fall Line are sourced from older deposits of more than one age. The source could be older updip strata of the lower Eocene Nanjemoy Formation, now erosionally removed. Alternatively, the source could be material referable to the upper Eocene Exmore Formation that resulted from the Chesapeake Bay impact event.
","language":"English","publisher":"Micropaleontology Press","usgsCitation":"Edwards, L.E., Weems, R.E., Carter, M.W., Spears, D., and Powars, D.S., 2018, The significance of dinoflagellates in the Miocene Choptank Formation beneath the Midlothian gravels in the southeastern Virginia Piedmont: Stratigraphy, v. 15, no. 3, p. 179-195.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"195","ipdsId":"IP-094928","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358206,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":381744,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.micropress.org/microaccess/stratigraphy/issue-342/article-2076"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Miocene Choptank Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -79,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -79,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f76e4b0fc368eb53833","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weems, Robert E. 0000-0002-1907-7804 rweems@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-7804","contributorId":2663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weems","given":"Robert","email":"rweems@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, Mark W. 0000-0003-0460-7638 mcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0460-7638","contributorId":4808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Mark","email":"mcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spears, David 0000-0001-8599-3125","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8599-3125","contributorId":139189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spears","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12690,"text":"Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals, and Energy, Charlottesville, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":747516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Powars, David S. 0000-0002-6787-8964 dspowars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-8964","contributorId":1181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"David","email":"dspowars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70214969,"text":"70214969 - 2018 - Diatom floras in lakes in the Ruby Mountains and East Humboldt Range, Nevada, USA: A tool for assessing high-elevation climatic variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-04T23:54:12.171088","indexId":"70214969","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-04T18:38:37","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Diatom floras in lakes in the Ruby Mountains and East Humboldt Range, Nevada, USA: A tool for assessing high-elevation climatic variability","docAbstract":"Local conditions, including lake size, depth, bathymetric profile, watershed characteristics, and timing and extent of ice cover determine the characteristics of diatom floras, and how those assemblages respond to short and long-term changes in climate. The diatom assemblages from fourteen sediment samples collected from marginal and profundal zones of seven lakes in the Ruby Mountains and East Humboldt Range of northeastern Nevada are characterized in order to identify the factors affecting controlling species diversity, equitability, and assemblage structure. Principle component analysis delineates three depth-controlled diatom assemblages: shallow (~1), medium (~11 m), and deep (>12 m). The shallowest samples are characterized by a diverse benthic assemblage, the medium depth sample is dominated by small fragilarioid taxa, and, the deepest samples, while not dominated by planktonic species, show an increase in their abundance. In general, diatom assemblages in shallower samples exhibit higher diversity and greater equitability.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nova Hedwigia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Schweizerbart and Borntraeger Science Publishers","doi":"10.1127/nova-suppl/2018/024","usgsCitation":"Starratt, S.W., 2018, Diatom floras in lakes in the Ruby Mountains and East Humboldt Range, Nevada, USA: A tool for assessing high-elevation climatic variability, chap. of Nova Hedwigia, p. 319-358, https://doi.org/10.1127/nova-suppl/2018/024.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"358","ipdsId":"IP-060849","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379027,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Ruby Mountains, East Humboldt Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.8013916015625,\n 39.86758762451019\n ],\n [\n -115.09826660156251,\n 39.86758762451019\n ],\n [\n -115.09826660156251,\n 40.85537053192494\n ],\n [\n -115.8013916015625,\n 40.85537053192494\n ],\n [\n -115.8013916015625,\n 39.86758762451019\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Starratt, Scott W. 0000-0001-9405-1746 sstarrat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-1746","contributorId":2891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starratt","given":"Scott","email":"sstarrat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70199930,"text":"70199930 - 2018 - Regional patterns in the geochemistry of oil-field water, southern San Joaquin Valley, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-04T10:31:11","indexId":"70199930","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-04T10:31:04","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional patterns in the geochemistry of oil-field water, southern San Joaquin Valley, California, USA","docAbstract":"Chemical and isotopic data for water co-extracted with hydrocarbons in oil and gas fields are commonly used to examine the source of the formation water and possible impacts on groundwater in areas of oil and gas development. Understanding the geochemical variability of oil-field water could help to evaluate its origin and delineate possible contamination of shallow aquifers in cases where oil-field water is released to the environment. Here we report geochemical and multiple isotope (H, C, O, Sr, Ra) data from 22 oil wells, three sources of produced water that are disposed of in injection wells, and two surface disposal ponds in four oil fields in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California (Fruitvale, Lost Hills, North and South Belridge). Correlations between Cl and δ18O, as well as other ions, and gradual increases in salinity with depth, indicate dilution of one or more saline end-members by meteoric water. The saline end-members, represented by deep samples (610 m–2621 m) in three oil-bearing zones, are characterized by NaCl composition, near-seawater Cl concentrations (median 20,000 mg/L), enriched δ18O
H2O (median 3.4‰), high ammonium(up to 460 mg-N/L), and relatively high radium activity (226Ra+228Ra = 12.3 Bq/L). The deepest sample has low Na/Cl (0.74), high Ca/Mg (5.0), and low 87Sr/86Sr (0.7063), whereas the shallower samples have higher Na/Cl (0.86–1.2), Ca/Mg near 1, and higher 87Sr/86Sr (∼0.7083). The data are consistent with an original seawater source being modified by various depth and lithology dependent diagenetic processes. Dilution by meteoric water occurs naturally on the east side of the valley, and in association with water-injectionactivities on the west side. Meteoric-water flushing, particularly on the east side, results in lower solute concentrations (minimum total dissolved solids 2730 mg/L) and total radium (minimum 0.27 Bq/L) in oil-field water, and promotes biodegradation of dissolved organic carbon and hydrocarbon gases like propane. Acetate concentrations and δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon indicate biogenic methane production occurs in some shallow oil zones. Natural and human processes produce substantial variability in the geochemistry of oil-field water that should be considered when evaluating mixing between oil-field waters and groundwater. The variability could result in uncertainty as to detecting the potential source and impact of oil-field water on groundwater.
Average annual temperature for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands has increased by more than 1.5°F since 1950. Under a higher emissions pathway, historically unprecedented warming is projected by the end of the 21st century, including increases in extreme heat events.
Future changes in total precipitation are uncertain, but extreme precipitation is projected to increase, with associated increases in the intensity and frequency of flooding.
Sea level has risen by 0.6 inches per decade at San Juan, Puerto Rico since 1961, near the global sea level rise rate during the second half of the 20th century. Global sea level rise projections range from 1 to 8 feet by 2100, with similar rises projected for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Rising sea levels pose widespread and continuing threats to both natural and built environments in coastal communities.
Hurricanes are a major threat to both Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Hurricane rainfall rates, storm surge heights due to sea level rise, and the number of the strongest (Category 3, 4, and 5) hurricanes are all projected to increase in a warming climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"NOAA","usgsCitation":"Runkle, J., Kunkel, K.E., Stevens, L.E., Champion, S., Easterling, D., Terando, A., Sun, L., Stewart, B.C., and Landers, G., 2018, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands: NOAA State Climate Summaries 149-PR, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","ipdsId":"IP-098723","costCenters":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359549,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":355350,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://statesummaries.ncics.org/sites/default/files/downloads/PR-screen-hi.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bf3d9f3e4b045bfcae0c9b9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Champion, Sarah 0000-0002-5080-6286","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-6286","contributorId":205982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Champion","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":739030,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Easterling, David","contributorId":205983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Easterling","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":739031,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Terando, Adam J. 0000-0002-9280-043X aterando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9280-043X","contributorId":173447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terando","given":"Adam","email":"aterando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":739029,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sun, Liqiang","contributorId":205984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sun","given":"Liqiang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":739032,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stewart, Brooke C.","contributorId":195288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Brooke","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":739033,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Landers, Glenn","contributorId":205985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landers","given":"Glenn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12537,"text":"USACE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":739034,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":9}],"authors":[{"text":"Runkle, Jennifer 0000-0003-4611-1745","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4611-1745","contributorId":205980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Runkle","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":739026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kunkel, Kenneth E.","contributorId":147887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kunkel","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":739027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stevens, Laura E. 0000-0002-8842-702X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8842-702X","contributorId":205981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevens","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":739028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Champion, Sarah 0000-0002-5080-6286","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-6286","contributorId":205982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Champion","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Easterling, David","contributorId":205983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Easterling","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Terando, Adam 0000-0002-9280-043X aterando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9280-043X","contributorId":197511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terando","given":"Adam","email":"aterando@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sun, Liqiang","contributorId":205984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sun","given":"Liqiang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stewart, Brooke C.","contributorId":195288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Brooke","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":751485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Landers, Glenn","contributorId":205985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landers","given":"Glenn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12537,"text":"USACE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70198898,"text":"ofr20181133 - 2018 - Delineation of contributing areas for 2017 pumping conditions to selected wells in Ingham County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-02T10:51:10","indexId":"ofr20181133","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1133","title":"Delineation of contributing areas for 2017 pumping conditions to selected wells in Ingham County, Michigan","docAbstract":"As part of local wellhead protection area programs, areas
contributing water to production wells need to be periodically
updated because groundwater-flow paths depend in part on
the stresses to the groundwater-flow system. A steady-state
groundwater-flow model that was constructed in 2009 was
updated to reflect recent (2017) pumping conditions in the
Lansing and East Lansing area in the Tri-County region, Michigan.
For this current (2017) study, withdrawals from selected
production wells were updated, and the existing model calibration
under the new pumping conditions was checked. Results
of flow simulations indicate that 10-year time-of-travel areas
cover approximately 25 square miles and 40-year time-oftravel
areas cover approximately 51 square miles.
Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6520 Mercantile Way Suite 5
Lansing, MI 48911
Small, steep watersheds are prolific sediment sources from which sediment flux is highly sensitive to climatic changes. Storm intensity and frequency are widely expected to increase during the 21st century, and so assessing the response of small, steep watersheds to extreme rainfall is essential to understanding landscape response to climate change. During record winter rainfall in 2016–2017, the San Lorenzo River, coastal California, had nine flow peaks representing 2–10‐year flood magnitudes. By the third flood, fluvial suspended sediment showed a regime shift to greater and coarser sediment supply, coincident with numerous landslides in the watershed. Even with no singular catastrophic flood, these flows exported more than half as much sediment as had a 100‐year flood 35 years earlier, substantially enlarging the nearshore delta. Annual sediment load in 2017 was an order of magnitude greater than during an average‐rainfall year, and 500‐fold greater than in a recent drought. These anomalous sediment inputs are critical to the coastal littoral system, delivering enough sediment, sometimes over only a few days, to maintain beaches for several years. Future projections of megadroughts punctuated by major atmospheric‐river storm activity suggest that interannual sediment‐yield variations will become more extreme than today in the western USA, with potential consequences for coastal management, ecosystems, and water‐storage capacity. The occurrence of two years with major sediment export over the past 35 years that were not associated with extremes of the El Niño Southern Oscillation or Pacific Decadal Oscillation suggests caution in interpreting climatic signals from marine sedimentary deposits derived from small, steep, coastal watersheds, to avoid misinterpreting the frequencies of those cycles.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.4415","usgsCitation":"East, A.E., Stevens, A.W., Ritchie, A.C., Barnard, P., Campbell‐Swarzenski, P., Collins, B.D., and Conaway, C., 2018, A regime shift in sediment export from a coastal watershed during a record wet winter, California: Implications for landscape response to hydroclimatic extremes: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 43, no. 12, p. 2562-2577, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4415.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2562","endPage":"2577","ipdsId":"IP-088636","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359464,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Lorenzo watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.25,\n 36.9167\n ],\n [\n -121.9167,\n 36.9167\n ],\n [\n -121.9167,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 36.9167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bee93e5e4b08f163c24a1bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"East, Amy E. 0000-0002-9567-9460 aeast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9567-9460","contributorId":196364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Amy","email":"aeast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stevens, Andrew W. 0000-0003-2334-129X astevens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2334-129X","contributorId":139313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Andrew","email":"astevens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ritchie, Andrew C. aritchie@usgs.gov","contributorId":4984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"Andrew","email":"aritchie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L. 0000-0003-1414-6476 pbarnard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476","contributorId":147147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick L.","email":"pbarnard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Campbell‐Swarzenski, Pamela L. 0000-0002-2232-6381","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2232-6381","contributorId":210642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell‐Swarzenski","given":"Pamela L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Collins, Brian D. 0000-0003-4881-5359 bcollins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4881-5359","contributorId":149278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian","email":"bcollins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Conaway, Christopher H. 0000-0002-0991-033X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0991-033X","contributorId":201932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conaway","given":"Christopher H.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70200786,"text":"70200786 - 2018 - United States bat species of concern: A synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-01T13:42:06","indexId":"70200786","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-28T13:37:47","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5773,"text":"Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series","onlineIssn":"0068-547X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"United States bat species of concern: A synthesis","docAbstract":"In 1994 the federal government designated 24 species or subspecies of bats in the United States (U.S.) and its territories as Category 2 candidates for listing as Endangered or Threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Category 2 was eliminated in 1996, but taxa previously receiving this designation were informally considered “species of concern”. Various state and federal agencies and conservation organizations assigned bat species of concern to more formal conservation categories. Some of the original 24 taxa designated as Category 2 candidates in 1994 were later listed as Endangered, whereas others were subject to refinements in knowledge of their taxonomy and distribution. The remaining 20 species of bats have the subjects of increased research efforts over the past two decades, and are the focus of this review. Two species occur in the U.S. Territories. All of the 18 mainland species ranges include areas west of the Mississippi River (15 are found primarily in western states), and 13 occur in California (72% of the 18 mainland species). In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the literature pertinent to the conservation designations, systematics, distribution, habitats, relative abundance, foraging, diet, roosting ecology, population ecology, and management of each of these 20 species. The species of concern are distributed among four families of bats. The Samoan flying fox (Pteropus samoensis) belong to the old-world family Pteropodidae. The California leaf-nosed bat (Macrotus californicus), red fruit bat (Stenoderma rufum), and Mexican long-tongued bat (Choeronycteris mexicana) are members of the new-world family Phyllostomidae. Three species belong to the cosmopolitan family Molossidae: the greater bonneted bat (Eumops perotis californicus), Underwood’s bonneted bat (Eumops underwoodi), and the big free-tailed bat (Nyctinomops macrotis). Most bat species of concern are in the globally distributed family Vespertilionidae: Townsend’s big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii), Rafinesque’s big-eared bat (C. rafinesquii), spotted bat (Euderma maculatum), Allen’s big-eared bat (Idionycteris phyllotis), southeastern myotis (M. austroriparius), western small-footed myotis (Myotis ciliolabrum), long-eared myotis (M. evotis), eastern small-footed myotis (M. leibii), Arizona myotis (M. occultus), fringed myotis (M. thysanodes), cave myotis (M. velifer), long-legged myotis (M. volans), and Yuma myotis (M. yumanensis). An impressive amount of knowledge has accumulated about these species since their informal designation as species of concern, but this knowledge is unevenly distributed. Comparatively little research has been conducted on the Samoan flying fox and the red fruit bat over the past decade in tropical territories, nor on the Mexican long-tongued bat and Underwood’s mastiff bat in the southwestern U.S. Within temperate regions of the U.S., habitat use of two eastern species that roost in hollow trees or caves (southeastern myotis and Rafinesque’s big-eared bat) has been the focus of much research, as have aspects of the biology of cave-roosting and tree-roosting western species, particularly where information about management of forests, caves and abandoned mines can be used to benefit bat conservation. Comparatively less information has accrued about species that roost in rock crevices and high on cliff faces. Other major gaps in information are also identified. We anticipate that this review will help guide future research and conservation efforts directed at the bat species of concern.","language":"English","publisher":"California Academy of Sciences","usgsCitation":"O’Shea, T.J., Cryan, P.M., and Bogan, M.A., 2018, United States bat species of concern: A synthesis: Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series, v. 65, no. Supplement 1, p. 1-279.","startPage":"1","endPage":"279","ipdsId":"IP-090676","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359074,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":359054,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/izg/SciPubs2.html"}],"country":"United States","volume":"65","issue":"Supplement 1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a931e4b034bf6a7e508f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Shea, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":207270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Shea","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cryan, Paul M. 0000-0002-2915-8894 cryanp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8894","contributorId":147942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"Paul","email":"cryanp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bogan, Michael A.","contributorId":196745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bogan","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198296,"text":"sir20185102 - 2018 - Groundwater contributions to excessive algal growth in the East Fork Carson River, Carson Valley, west-central Nevada, 2010 and 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-28T16:55:22","indexId":"sir20185102","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-28T09:17:05","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5102","title":"Groundwater contributions to excessive algal growth in the East Fork Carson River, Carson Valley, west-central Nevada, 2010 and 2012","docAbstract":"Excessive algal growth and low dissolved oxygen concentrations were observed during low streamflow conditions during summer months along a 5,800-foot reach of the East Fork Carson River in Carson Valley, west-central Nevada. Algal growth from nutrient enrichment of a stream reduces aquatic diversity, threatens fish ecology and stream health, and can be a recreational nuisance. In response to concerns that groundwater discharging to the 5,800-foot reach of the East Fork Carson River may be a source of nutrients to the stream, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Carson Water Subconservancy District and the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection, conducted studies during the summers of 2010 and 2012 to gain an improved understanding of the contributions of nutrients to the stream from groundwater, characterize algal conditions and algal effects on water quality, assess potential sources of nitrate in groundwater discharging to the stream, and evaluate nitrate reduction in groundwater from denitrification.
A reconnaissance study in the summer of 2010 along the 5,800-foot study reach located a subreach with clear evidence of nutrient-rich groundwater discharging to the stream. At the subreach, nitrate plus nitrite (referred to hereafter as nitrate) concentrations in groundwater discharging to the stream were high (average 2.75 milligrams per liter as nitrogen) along the right bank. The stream at this location had the highest stream nitrate concentrations (average 0.056 milligrams per liter as nitrogen) compared to other locations upstream and downstream of the subreach. As a result, the 2012 study focused on a 405-foot subreach of the East Fork Carson River centered where results from the 2010 study found the highest stream and groundwater concentrations of nitrate, as well as the greatest observed contributions of groundwater discharge to the stream.
Groundwater nutrient concentrations were much higher than stream nutrient concentrations during the summer of 2012 during low streamflow conditions at the 405-foot subreach of the East Fork Carson River. Average groundwater nitrate and orthophosphate concentrations along the right bank of the 405‑foot subreach were 9 and 12 times higher, respectively, than in the stream at this subreach. Groundwater discharge rates to the study reach based on different methods varied from 0.09 to 1.2 cubic feet per second per mile. Estimated groundwater discharge rates to the right bank of the study subreach were used to calculate groundwater nutrient load estimates to the subreach right bank, which were found to be low when compared to stream nutrient loads.
Elevated algal biomass levels above nuisance thresholds were observed during the summers of 2010 and 2012. The study reach was characterized as mesotrophic-eutrophic during the 2010 study and eutrophic during the 2012 study. The presence of algae caused daily dissolved oxygen and pH fluctuations in the stream, resulting in exceedances of the State of Nevada water-quality standards owing to low dissolved oxygen concentrations and high pH concentrations, although the standards might not have been applicable during 2012 because of extremely low streamflow.
The addition of nutrients to the stream from the constant supply in groundwater discharge sustains the growth of algae during low streamflow conditions. In the summer when streamflow is low or very low, nutrient-rich groundwater discharge enters the stream through the sediment-water interface at the streambed. Because the attached algae is thick and stream velocity is low, the nutrient-rich water pools at the sediment-water interface. Higher nutrient concentrations at the streambed create a favorable microenvironment for algae attached to the substrate to consume available nutrients from the groundwater before the groundwater mixes with overlying stream water.
The source of nitrate in groundwater in this subreach is anthropogenic because nitrate concentrations are greater than background groundwater nitrate concentrations in Douglas County, high groundwater nitrate concentrations are only found at the right bank of the stream near a housing development, and organic wastewater compounds indicative of human-derived sources were also detected in groundwater wells on the right bank of the stream. Nitrogen and oxygen isotope concentrations of nitrate in shallow groundwater were used to determine the specific source of the nitrate, but the isotopic values indicated denitrification was occurring. Further investigation is needed to determine the specific anthropogenic source of the nitrate in the groundwater because the denitrification present in all samples obscures the original source of nitrogen.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185102","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Carson Water Subconservancy District and Nevada Division of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Alvarez, N.L., Pahl, R.A, and Rosen, M.R., 2018, Groundwater contributions to excessive algal growth in the East Fork Carson River, Carson Valley, west-central Nevada, 2010 and 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5102, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185102.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 94 p.; Data release","numberOfPages":"110","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045681","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357719,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5102/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":357720,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5102/sir20185102.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5102"},{"id":357725,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7C53K4Q","linkHelpText":"Supplemental data for groundwater contributions to excessive algal growth in the East Fork Carson River, Carson Valley, west-central Nevada, 2010 and 2012"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"East Fork Carson River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.7989,\n 38.94\n ],\n [\n -119.7714,\n 38.94\n ],\n [\n -119.7714,\n 38.97\n ],\n [\n -119.7989,\n 38.97\n ],\n [\n -119.7989,\n 38.94\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Rd.
Carson City, NV 89701
The McGee Till is an early Pleistocene glacial diamict as thick as 50 m, preserved over an area of 1.65 km2 on a relict low-relief Pliocene plateau that stands 900 m higher than mouths of its bounding canyons, on the rangefront of the Sierra Nevada. Although recognized 90 years ago as the oldest till in the Sierra, its age and relation to the next oldest Sierran till have remained uncertain, even controversial. This contribution seeks to clarify both. The McGee Till consists predominantly of grussy boulders and sandy-granular matrix derived largely from a distinctive Cretaceous granodiorite that walls McGee Creek canyon 4–8 km to the south. The till rests directly upon two different basaltic units that yield 40Ar/39Ar ages of 2.8 and 2.6 Ma and show little or no evidence of preglacial erosion. The basalts preserve a minimum of 165–255 m of relief on steep slopes that existed around the plateau margins at the time of their eruption. McGee Creek consists of two segments—a north-directed reach that confined the glacier that deposited the till and, now diverging at a right bend just upvalley from the till, a northeast-flowing reach that was incised later. The base of the McGee Till is at 3160 m elevation on the present-day rim of McGee Creek, 610 m above the bend. The base of the 130-ka Tahoe Till (MIS 6) is at 2550 m elevation directly downslope from the McGee Till and at 2300 m at the rangefront mouth of the canyon's northeast reach. The base of the 900–866 ka Sherwin Till (MIS 22) is at 2400 m at the nearby rangefront mouth of Rock Creek. As the canyons were cut to nearly modern depths before the Sherwin glaciation, the high-perched McGee Till is probably older than 2 Ma and possibly close in age to the 2.6 Ma basalt it overlies. Growth in rangefront relief since about 3.0–2.5 Ma owes to normal slip on the Hilton Creek and Round Valley Faults east of McGee Mountain as well as to the 767-ka collapse of Long Valley caldera to its north.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.08.008","usgsCitation":"Hildreth, W., Fierstein, J., and Calvert, A.T., 2018, McGee Till—oldest glacial deposit in the Sierra Nevada, California— and Quaternary evolution of the rangefront escarpment: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 198, p. 242-265, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.08.008.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"242","endPage":"265","ipdsId":"IP-097618","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.08.008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":462747,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"McGill Till","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.34178096223278,\n 37.90563417842898\n ],\n [\n -119.34178096223278,\n 37.462740515318\n ],\n [\n -118.32272088159911,\n 37.462740515318\n ],\n [\n -118.32272088159911,\n 37.90563417842898\n ],\n [\n -119.34178096223278,\n 37.90563417842898\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"198","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildreth, Wes 0000-0002-7925-4251 hildreth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":2221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"Wes","email":"hildreth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fierstein, Judith E. 0000-0001-8024-1426","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-1426","contributorId":329988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fierstein","given":"Judith E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calvert, Andrew T. 0000-0001-5237-2218 acalvert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2218","contributorId":2694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"Andrew","email":"acalvert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70199664,"text":"70199664 - 2018 - Using mercury injection pressure analyses to estimate sealing capacity of the Tuscaloosa marine shale in Mississippi, USA: Implications for carbon dioxide sequestration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-24T13:28:00","indexId":"70199664","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-24T13:26:10","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2049,"text":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using mercury injection pressure analyses to estimate sealing capacity of the Tuscaloosa marine shale in Mississippi, USA: Implications for carbon dioxide sequestration","docAbstract":"This work used mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) analyses of the Tuscaloosa Group in Mississippi, including the Tuscaloosa marine shale (TMS), to assess their efficacy and sealing capacity for geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration. Tuscaloosa Group porosity and permeability from MICP were evaluated to calculate CO2 column height retention. TMS and Lower Tuscaloosa shale samples have, respectively, Swanson permeability values less than 0.003 md and 0.00245 md; porosity from 3.86% to 9.86% and 1.34% to 7.96%; median pore throat sizes from 0.00342 to 0.0111 μm and 0.00311 to 0.017 μm; and pore radii from 0.0130 to 0.152 μm and 0.0132 to 0.149 μm. Mercury entry pressures for the TMS and Lower Tuscaloosa range from 4.9 to 57.1 MPa and 5.0 to 56.3 MPa, respectively. Calculated CO2 column heights that the TMS sample set can retain in the reservoir range from 23 to 255 m when the TMS is near 100% water saturation. Potential top seal leakage is more likely to be influenced by the numerous well penetrations through the confining system of the TMS rather than capillary failure. Results of this study demonstrate desirable sealing capacity of the TMS for geologic CO2 sequestration in reservoir sandstones of the Lower Tuscaloosa and could provide an analogue to other potential CO2 sequestration top seals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.09.006","usgsCitation":"Lohr, C., and Hackley, P.C., 2018, Using mercury injection pressure analyses to estimate sealing capacity of the Tuscaloosa marine shale in Mississippi, USA: Implications for carbon dioxide sequestration: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, v. 78, p. 375-387, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.09.006.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"387","ipdsId":"IP-095213","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468371,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.09.006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7BC3XTK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Mercury injection capillary pressure data in the U.S. Gulf Coast Tuscaloosa Group in Mississippi and Louisiana collected 2015 to 2017"},{"id":357684,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 32.5\n ],\n [\n -92,\n 32.5\n ],\n [\n -92,\n 29.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f8ee4b0fc368eb538c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohr, Celeste D. 0000-0001-6287-9047 clohr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-9047","contributorId":3866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohr","given":"Celeste D.","email":"clohr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199573,"text":"70199573 - 2018 - Quantifying and forecasting changes in the areal extent of river valley sediment in response to altered hydrology and land cover","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-28T09:21:26","indexId":"70199573","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-24T10:49:17","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5754,"text":" Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying and forecasting changes in the areal extent of river valley sediment in response to altered hydrology and land cover","docAbstract":"In river valleys, sediment moves between active river channels, near-channel deposits including bars and floodplains, and upland environments such as terraces and aeolian dunefields. Sediment availability is a prerequisite for the sustained transfer of material between these areas, and for the eco-geomorphic functioning of river networks in general. However, the difficulty of monitoring sediment availability and movement at the reach or corridor scale has hindered our ability to quantify and forecast the response of sediment transfer to hydrologic or land cover alterations. Here we leverage spatiotemporally extensive datasets quantifying sediment areal coverage along a 28 km reach of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, southwestern USA. In concert with information on hydrologic alteration and vegetation encroachment resulting from the operation of Glen Canyon Dam (constructed in 1963) upstream of our study reach, we model the relative and combined influence of changes in (a) flow and (b) riparian vegetation extent on the areal extent of sediment available for transport in the river valley over the period from 1921 to 2016. In addition, we use projections of future streamflow and vegetation encroachment to forecast sediment availability over the 20 year period from 2016 to 2036. We find that hydrologic alteration has reduced the areal extent of bare sediment by 9% from the pre- to post-dam periods, whereas vegetation encroachment further reduced bare sediment extent by 45%. Over the next 20 years, the extent of bare sediment is forecast to be reduced by an additional 12%. Our results demonstrate the impact of river regulation, specifically the loss of annual low flows and associated vegetation encroachment, on reducing the sediment available for transfer within river valleys. This work provides an extendable framework for using high-resolution data on streamflow and land cover to assess and forecast the impact of watershed perturbation (e.g. river regulation, land cover shifts, climate change) on sediment connectivity at the corridor scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE Publishing","doi":"10.1177/0309133318795846","usgsCitation":"Kasprak, A., Sankey, J.B., Buscombe, D.D., Caster, J., East, A.E., and Grams, P.E., 2018, Quantifying and forecasting changes in the areal extent of river valley sediment in response to altered hydrology and land cover: Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment, v. 42, no. 6, p. 739-764, https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133318795846.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"739","endPage":"764","ipdsId":"IP-088947","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468374,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133318795846","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SX3MGY","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"River Valley Sediment Connectivity Data, Colorado River, Grand Canyon"},{"id":357659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon National Park, Lower Marble Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.93145751953125,\n 36.16781389727332\n ],\n [\n -111.77352905273438,\n 36.16781389727332\n ],\n [\n -111.77352905273438,\n 36.4223874864237\n ],\n [\n -111.93145751953125,\n 36.4223874864237\n ],\n [\n -111.93145751953125,\n 36.16781389727332\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f99e4b0fc368eb538d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kasprak, Alan 0000-0001-8184-6128","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8184-6128","contributorId":204162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasprak","given":"Alan","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992 jsankey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":3935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel","email":"jsankey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buscombe, Daniel D. 0000-0001-6217-5584","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6217-5584","contributorId":198817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buscombe","given":"Daniel","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caster, Joshua 0000-0002-2858-1228 jcaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2858-1228","contributorId":199033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caster","given":"Joshua","email":"jcaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"East, Amy E. 0000-0002-9567-9460 aeast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9567-9460","contributorId":196364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Amy","email":"aeast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708 pgrams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":1830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","email":"pgrams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70199456,"text":"70199456 - 2018 - Four-dimensional isotopic approach to identify perchlorate sources in groundwater: Application to the Rialto-Colton and Chino subbasins, southern California (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T10:56:15","indexId":"70199456","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-20T10:56:12","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Four-dimensional isotopic approach to identify perchlorate sources in groundwater: Application to the Rialto-Colton and Chino subbasins, southern California (USA)","docAbstract":"Perchlorate (ClO4−) in groundwater can be from synthetic or natural sources. Natural sources include ClO4− associated with historical application of imported natural nitrate fertilizer from the Atacama Desert of Chile, and indigenous ClO4− that accumulates locally in arid regions from atmospheric deposition. The Rialto-Colton groundwater subbasin, 80 km east of Los Angeles, California, includes two mapped ClO4− plumes from known military/industrial sources. Larger areas downgradient from those plumes, and in the Chino subbasin to the southwest, also contain ClO4−. Perchlorate from wells was analyzed for chlorine and oxygen stable isotope ratios (δ37Cl, δ18O, Δ17O) and radioactive chlorine-36(36Cl) isotopic abundance, along with other geochemical, isotopic, and hydrogeologic data. Isotopic data show that synthetic ClO4− was the dominant source within the mapped plumes. Downgradient from the mapped plumes, and in the Chino subbasin, the dominant source of ClO4− was related to past agricultural use of Chilean (Atacama) nitrate fertilizer. The 36Cl and δ18O data indicate that wells having predominantly synthetic or Atacama ClO4− also contained small fractions of indigenous ClO4−. Little or no differences were observed in isotopic composition or ClO4− source with depth in depth-dependent data from selected wells. Indigenous ClO4− was most evident in upgradient wells having ClO4− concentrations <1 μg/L, consistent with its occurrence as a background constituent throughout the region. Stable isotope ratios of chlorine and oxygen and 36Cl isotopic abundance data provided relatively unambiguous discrimination of synthetic and Atacama sources in most wells having ClO4− concentrations greater than 1 μg/L.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.08.020","usgsCitation":"Hatzinger, P.B., Bohlke, J., Sturchio, N.C., Izbicki, J.A., and Teague, N.F., 2018, Four-dimensional isotopic approach to identify perchlorate sources in groundwater: Application to the Rialto-Colton and Chino subbasins, southern California (USA): Applied Geochemistry, v. 97, p. 213-225, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.08.020.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"225","ipdsId":"IP-095009","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.08.020","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357543,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Rialto-Colton and Chino subbasins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.5,\n 34.0333\n ],\n [\n -117.25,\n 34.0333\n ],\n [\n -117.25,\n 34.1833\n ],\n [\n -117.5,\n 34.1833\n ],\n [\n -117.5,\n 34.0333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f9ae4b0fc368eb538e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatzinger, Paul B.","contributorId":149376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatzinger","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17721,"text":"Shaw Environmental, Princeton, NJ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sturchio, Neil C.","contributorId":149375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sturchio","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":15289,"text":"University of Illinois, Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":152474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Teague, Nicholas F. 0000-0001-5289-1210 nteague@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5289-1210","contributorId":2145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teague","given":"Nicholas","email":"nteague@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70198867,"text":"sir20185095 - 2018 - Geochemical conditions and nitrogen transport in nearshore groundwater and the subterranean estuary at a Cape Cod embayment, East Falmouth, Massachusetts, 2013–14","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T11:10:08","indexId":"sir20185095","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-20T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5095","title":"Geochemical conditions and nitrogen transport in nearshore groundwater and the subterranean estuary at a Cape Cod embayment, East Falmouth, Massachusetts, 2013–14","docAbstract":"Nitrogen transport and transformation were studied during 2013 to 2014 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in a subterranean estuary beneath onshore locations on the Seacoast Shores peninsula, a residential area in Falmouth, Massachusetts, served by septic systems and cesspools, and adjacent offshore locations in the Eel River, a saltwater embayment connected to the ocean. The field investigation included installation and sampling of clusters of wells and temporary sampling points near a transect extending from about 35 meters (m) onshore to 18 m offshore.
The fresh groundwater at the study site formed a lens about 11 m thick at the shoreline that was underlain by saline groundwater. Groundwater flow in the water-table aquifer was oriented northwestward toward the embayment. Nitrate concentrations in the fresh groundwater at a site about 35 m onshore increased in the downward direction from less than 500 micromoles per liter near the water table to about 1,700 micromoles per liter just above the freshwater/saltwater transition zone. Dissolved oxygen was largely absent in the onshore fresh groundwater. Distributions of salinity, dissolved oxygen, and nitrate at the shoreline and offshore generally were similar to those onshore; at some locations, however, shallow saline water was present above the freshwater, and there were scattered occurrences of elevated dissolved oxygen concentrations.
Geochemical indicators of nitrate reduction, including concentrations of the reaction product nitrogen gas, stable isotope ratios of nitrate and nitrogen gas, and changes in alkalinity, provided evidence for nitrate reduction in two zones separated vertically by a zone 7–8 m thick with no evidence of nitrate reduction. The shallow nitrate-reduction zone was near the water table in fresh groundwater onshore, where nitrate reduction may be related to particular recharge conditions at nearby sources. The shallow nitrate-reduction zone also may be related to an interval of fine-grained sediments at about the same altitude (−1 to −6 m relative to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929), where flow is slower and reactive electron donors such as solid organic carbon, iron, or sulfide phases may be present to drive the reduction. The deep nitrate-reduction zone was near the freshwater/saltwater transition zone, where nitrate reduction may be related to mixing of freshwater containing nitrate and saltwater containing dissolved organic carbon and ammonium, or to fine-grained sediments near the transition zone. The maximum amount of nitrate converted to nitrogen gas was estimated to be less than or equal to 300 micromoles per liter in both nitrate-reduction zones.
The presence of nitrate and low dissolved oxygen concentrations in the 7–8-meter-thick zone between the shallow and deep nitrate-reduction zones are conditions that could permit nitrate reduction. The absence of evidence of nitrate reduction in the high-nitrate zone may have resulted from the lack of reactive electron donors in that depth interval. The high-nitrate zone dissipated somewhat in the offshore direction, but the current study did not extend far enough to encompass the fresh groundwater discharge area or determine how much of the nitrate was removed prior to discharge.
A shallow intertidal saltwater cell was formed during a spring tide by saltwater infiltration during tidal run-up on the beach. Nitrate reduction might have occurred if nitrate-containing fresh groundwater discharging to the estuary mixed with the saltwater containing dissolved organic carbon in this zone, but samples collected from the intertidal saltwater cell during this study were not analyzed for indicators of nitrate reduction.
Elevated dissolved oxygen concentrations in fresh groundwater 9 m offshore may indicate that groundwater flow was partly oblique to the sampling transect or that groundwater from a regional flow system was converging under the river near the study area. Flow directions also may have been affected by aquifer heterogeneity such as the shallow fine-grained sediments onshore and at the bottom of the Eel River. Improved understanding of the fate of nitrate in this type of complex setting might be gained by including additional characterization of aquifer heterogeneity and groundwater flow and extending investigations of nitrate reduction to the shallow sediments in the intertidal saltwater cell and adjacent subtidal zone and to locations farther offshore beneath the estuary.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185095","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development and Region 1 (New England)","usgsCitation":"Colman, J.A., LeBlanc, D.R., Böhlke, J.K., McCobb, T.D., Kroeger, K.D., Belaval, M., Cambareri, T.C., Pirolli, G.F., Brooks, T.W., Garren, M.E., Stover, T.B., and Keeley, A., 2018, Geochemical conditions and nitrogen transport in nearshore groundwater and the subterranean estuary at a Cape Cod embayment, East Falmouth, Massachusetts, 2013–14: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5095, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185095.","productDescription":"ix, 69 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062996","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357427,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7RR1WF0 ","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geochemical data supporting analysis of geochemical conditions and nitrogen transport in nearshore groundwater and the subterranean estuary at a Cape Cod embayment, East Falmouth, Massachusetts, 2013"},{"id":437746,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7RR1WF0","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geochemical data supporting analysis of geochemical conditions and nitrogen transport in nearshore groundwater and the subterranean estuary at a Cape Cod embayment, East Falmouth, Massachusetts"},{"id":356663,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5095/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":357426,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5095/sir20185095.pdf","text":"Report","size":"32.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5095"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"East Falmouth","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod Embayment","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.55076599121094,\n 41.56203190200195\n ],\n [\n -70.52553176879881,\n 41.56203190200195\n ],\n [\n -70.52553176879881,\n 41.580525125613846\n ],\n [\n -70.55076599121094,\n 41.580525125613846\n ],\n [\n -70.55076599121094,\n 41.56203190200195\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
Significant uncertainty remains concerning how and where crustal shortening occurs throughout the eastern Cascade Range in Washington State. Using light detection and ranging (lidar) imagery, we identified an
The composition of crude oil in a surficial aquifer was determined in two locations at the Bemidji, MN, spill site. The abundances of 71 individual hydrocarbons varied within 16 locations sampled. Little depletion of these hydrocarbons (relative to the pipeline oil) occurred in the first 10 years after the spill, whereas losses of 25% to 85% of the total measured hydrocarbons occurred after 30 years. The C6‐30 n‐alkanes, toluene, and o‐xylene were the most depleted hydrocarbons. Some hydrocarbons, such as the n‐C10–24cyclohexanes, tri‐ and tetra‐ methylbenzenes, acyclic isoprenoids, and naphthalenes were the least depleted. Benzene was detected at every sampling location 30 years after the spill. Degradation of the oil led to increases in the percent organic carbon and in the δ 13C of the oil. Another method of determining hydrocarbon loss was by normalizing the total measured hydrocarbon concentrations to that of the most conservative analytes. This method indicated that the total measured hydrocarbons were depleted by 47% to 77% and loss of the oil mass over 30 years was 18% to 31%. Differences in hydrocarbon depletion were related to the depth of the oil in the aquifer, local topography, amount of recharge reaching the oil, availability of electron acceptors, and the presence of less permeable soils above the oil. The results from this study indicate that once crude oil has been in the subsurface for a number of years there is no longer a “starting oil concentration” that can be used to understand processes that affect its fate and the transport of hydrocarbons in groundwater.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12619","usgsCitation":"Baedecker, M.J., Eganhouse, R.P., Qi, H., Cozzarelli, I.M., Trost, J.J., and Bekins, B.A., 2018, Weathering of oil in a surficial aquifer: Groundwater, v. 56, no. 5, p. 797-809, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12619.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"797","endPage":"809","ipdsId":"IP-086452","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F75Q4TJ1","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Weathering of Oil in a Surficial Aquifer, Bemidji, MN"},{"id":357348,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","volume":"56","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f9ee4b0fc368eb53913","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baedecker, Mary Jo 0000-0002-4865-1043 mjbaedec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4865-1043","contributorId":197793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"Mary","email":"mjbaedec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jo","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eganhouse, Robert P. 0000-0002-2075-5908 eganhous@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2075-5908","contributorId":206243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eganhouse","given":"Robert","email":"eganhous@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Trost, Jared J. 0000-0003-0431-2151 jtrost@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0431-2151","contributorId":3749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trost","given":"Jared","email":"jtrost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70199331,"text":"70199331 - 2018 - Microbial community composition of a hydrocarbon reservoir 40 years after a CO2 enhanced oil recovery flood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T10:53:44","indexId":"70199331","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-14T10:53:19","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1619,"text":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology","onlineIssn":"1574-6941","printIssn":"0168-6496","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Microbial community composition of a hydrocarbon reservoir 40 years after a CO2 enhanced oil recovery flood","title":"Microbial community composition of a hydrocarbon reservoir 40 years after a CO2 enhanced oil recovery flood","docAbstract":"Injecting CO2 into depleted oil reservoirs to extract additional crude oil is a common enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) technique. However, little is known about how in situ microbial communities may be impacted by CO2 flooding, or if any permanent microbiological changes occur after flooding has ceased. Formation water was collected from an oil field that was flooded for CO2-EOR in the 1980s, including samples from areas affected by or outside of the flood region, to determine the impacts of CO2-EOR on reservoir microbial communities. Archaea, specifically methanogens, were more abundant than bacteria in all samples, while identified bacteria exhibited much greater diversity than the archaea. Microbial communities in CO2-impacted and non-impacted samples did not significantly differ (ANOSIM: Statistic R = -0.2597, significance = 0.769). However, several low abundance bacteria were found to be significantly associated with the CO2-affected group; very few of these species are known to metabolize CO2 or are associated with CO2-rich habitats. Although this study had limitations, on a broad scale, either the CO2 flood did not impact the microbial community composition of the target formation, or microbial communities in affected wells may have reverted back to pre-injection conditions over the ca. 40 years since the CO2-EOR.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/femsec/fiy153","usgsCitation":"Shelton, J., Andrews, R.S., Akob, D., DeVera, C.A., Mumford, A.C., McCray, J.E., and McIntosh, J.C., 2018, Microbial community composition of a hydrocarbon reservoir 40 years after a CO2 enhanced oil recovery flood: FEMS Microbiology Ecology, v. 94, no. 10, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiy153.","productDescription":"fiy153; 11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-096230","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiy153","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357325,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.25,\n 31.77\n ],\n [\n -92.2,\n 31.77\n ],\n [\n -92.2,\n 31.83\n ],\n [\n -92.25,\n 31.83\n ],\n [\n -92.25,\n 31.77\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-08-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f9fe4b0fc368eb53917","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelton, Jenna L. 0000-0002-1377-0675 jlshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-0675","contributorId":5025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jenna L.","email":"jlshelton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, Robert S. 0000-0002-6166-720X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6166-720X","contributorId":204981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Akob, Denise M. 0000-0003-1534-3025","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1534-3025","contributorId":204701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akob","given":"Denise M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeVera, Christina A. 0000-0002-4691-6108 cdevera@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4691-6108","contributorId":3845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeVera","given":"Christina","email":"cdevera@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mumford, Adam C. 0000-0002-8082-8910 amumford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8082-8910","contributorId":197795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mumford","given":"Adam","email":"amumford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCray, John E.","contributorId":169186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCray","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McIntosh, Jennifer C. 0000-0001-5055-4202","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5055-4202","contributorId":150557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntosh","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70199561,"text":"70199561 - 2018 - Strike-slip 23 January 2018 MW 7.9 Gulf of Alaska rare intraplate earthquake: Complex rupture of a fracture zone system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T11:01:12","indexId":"70199561","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-12T12:32:30","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strike-slip 23 January 2018 MW 7.9 Gulf of Alaska rare intraplate earthquake: Complex rupture of a fracture zone system","docAbstract":"Large intraplate earthquakes in oceanic lithosphere are rare and usually related to regions of diffuse deformation within the oceanic plate. The 23 January 2018 MW 7.9 strike-slip Gulf of Alaska earthquake ruptured an oceanic fracture zone system offshore Kodiak Island. Bathymetric compilations show a muted topographic expression of the fracture zone due to the thick sediment that covers oceanic basement but the fracture zone system can be identified by offset N-S magnetic anomalies and E-W linear zones in the vertical gravity gradient. Back-projection from global seismic stations reveals that the initial rupture at first propagated from the epicenter to the north, likely rupturing along a weak zone parallel to the ocean crustal fabric. The rupture then changed direction to eastward directed with most energy emitted on Aka fracture zone resulting in an unusual multi-fault earthquake. Similarly, the aftershocks show complex behavior and are related to two different tectonic structures: (1) events along N-S trending oceanic fabric, which ruptured mainly strike-slip and additionally, in normal and oblique slip mechanisms and (2) strike-slip events along E-W oriented fracture zones. To explain the complex faulting behavior we adopt the classical stress and strain partitioning concept and propose a generalized model for large intra-oceanic strike-slip earthquakes of trench-oblique oriented fracture zones/ocean plate fabric near subduction zones. Taking the Kodiak asperity position of 1964 maximum afterslip and outer-rise Coulomb stress distribution into account, we propose that the unusual 2018 Gulf of Alaska moment release was stress transferred to the incoming oceanic plate from co- and post-processes of the nearby great 1964 MW 9.2 megathrust earthquake.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-018-32071-4","usgsCitation":"Krabbenhoeft, A., von Huene, R., Miller, J., Lange, D., and Vera, F., 2018, Strike-slip 23 January 2018 MW 7.9 Gulf of Alaska rare intraplate earthquake: Complex rupture of a fracture zone system: Scientific Reports, v. 8, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32071-4.","productDescription":"13706; 9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","ipdsId":"IP-096067","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32071-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357618,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.68554687499997,\n 55.25407706707272\n ],\n [\n -144.3603515625,\n 52.1874047455997\n ],\n [\n -130.6494140625,\n 52.26815737376817\n ],\n [\n -130.6494140625,\n 54.6992335284814\n ],\n [\n -134.38476562499997,\n 59.108308258604964\n ],\n [\n -139.6142578125,\n 60.65164736580915\n ],\n [\n -148.1396484375,\n 61.543641475549954\n ],\n [\n -152.3583984375,\n 60.823494332539646\n ],\n [\n -162.68554687499997,\n 55.25407706707272\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02fa1e4b0fc368eb5392f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krabbenhoeft, Anne","contributorId":208084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krabbenhoeft","given":"Anne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37708,"text":"GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"von Huene, Roland 0000-0003-1301-3866","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3866","contributorId":208085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"von Huene","given":"Roland","affiliations":[{"id":37709,"text":"USGS, emeritus, 800 Blossom Hill Road, Los Gatos, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, John J. 0000-0002-9098-0967","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-0967","contributorId":208083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"John J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":745850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lange, Dietrich","contributorId":208086,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lange","given":"Dietrich","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37708,"text":"GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vera, Felipe","contributorId":208087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vera","given":"Felipe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37710,"text":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Telegrafenberg 1, 14473, Potsdam, Germany and Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstr. 74−100, 12249, Berlin, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70198099,"text":"ofr20181111 - 2018 - Additional period and site class maps for the 2014 National Seismic Hazard Model for the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-12T10:12:11","indexId":"ofr20181111","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-11T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1111","title":"Additional period and site class maps for the 2014 National Seismic Hazard Model for the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"The 2014 update of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) for the conterminous United States (2014 NSHM; Petersen and others, 2014, 2015) included probabilistic ground motion maps for 2 percent and 10 percent probabilities of exceedance in 50 years, derived from seismic hazard curves for peak ground acceleration (PGA) and 0.2 and 1.0 second spectral accelerations (SAs) with 5 percent damping for the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) site class boundary B/C (time-averaged shear wave velocity in the upper 30 meters [VS30]=760 meters per second [m/s]). We now provide uniform NEHRP site class maps for 2, 5, and 10 percent probabilities of exceedance in 50 years derived from hazard curves for additional spectral periods. For the central and eastern United States (CEUS) and western United States (WUS), hazard curves and maps for PGA, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 second SAs are now available. The WUS additionally includes hazard curves and maps for 0.75, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 second SAs. The use of region-specific suites of weighted ground motion models (GMMs) in the 2014 NSHM precluded the calculation of ground motions for a uniform set of periods and site classes for the conterminous United States. At the time of the development of the 2014 NSHM, there was no consensus in the CEUS on an appropriate site-amplification model to use; therefore, we calculated hazard curves and maps for NEHRP site class A, for which most stable continental GMMs were originally developed, based on simulations for hard rock site conditions (VS30=2,000 m/s). In the WUS, however, the active crustal Next Generation Attenuation Relationships for the WUS (NGA-West2 GMMs) and subduction GMMs allow amplification of ground motions based on site class (defined by VS30); so we calculated hazard curves and maps for NEHRP site classes B (VS30=1,080 m/s), C (VS30=530 m/s), D (VS30=260 m/s), and E (VS30=150 m/s) and site class boundaries A/B (VS30=1,500 m/s), B/C (VS30=760 m/s), C/D (VS30=365 m/s), and D/E (VS30=185 m/s). The 2014 NSHM introduced a set of criteria for selecting GMMs for use in the NSHMs. When calculating additional period and site class maps, we verified whether the 2014 NSHM original suites of GMMs satisfied these ground motion selection criteria at all additional periods and site classes using GMM magnitude-distance scaling relation plots. Results of our analysis show that certain GMMs give unrealistic results at longer periods, distances, and softer soils in the WUS. In these rare instances, the GMM was removed from the original suite of GMMs (for all periods and site classes) and the weights of the remaining GMMs in the suite were renormalized. Ratio maps show these updated suites of weighted GMMs result in probabilistic ground motion changes of less than 10 percent in the WUS at PGA, as well as 0.2 and 1.0 second SAs, except in the Pacific Northwest, where differences as much as 20 percent are seen. Hazard curves and uniform hazard response spectra at test sites across the conterminous United States were produced to verify that results were reasonable. The additional period and site class maps, and the hazard curves from which they were derived, are available for download from the USGS ScienceBase Catalog.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181111","usgsCitation":"Shumway, A.M., Petersen, M.D., Powers, P.M., and Rezaeian, S., 2018, Additional period and site class maps for the 2014 National Seismic Hazard Model for the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1111, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181111.","productDescription":"Report: v, 46 p.; Data release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-098308","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357217,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9I6BPX5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data Release for Additional Period and Site Class Maps for the 2014 National Seismic Hazard Model for the Conterminous United 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\"}}]}\n\n\n","contact":"Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 966
Denver, CO 80225
In many parts of the world, the combined effects of habitat fragmentation and altered disturbance regimes pose a significant threat to biodiversity. This is particularly true in Mediterranean-type ecosystems (MTEs), which tend to be fire-prone, species rich, and heavily impacted by human land use. Given the spatial complexity of overlapping threats and species’ vulnerability along with limited conservation budgets, methods are needed for prioritizing areas for monitoring and management in these regions. We developed a multi-criteria Pareto ranking methodology for prioritizing spatial units for conservation and applied it to fire threat, habitat fragmentation threat, species richness, and genetic biodiversity criteria in San Diego County, California, USA. We summarized the criteria and Pareto ranking results (from west to east) within the maritime, coastal, transitional, inland climate zones within San Diego County. Fire threat increased from the maritime zone eastward to the transitional zone, then decreased in the mountainous inland climate zone. Number of fires and fire return interval departure were strongly negatively correlated. Fragmentation threats, particularly road density and development density, were highest in the maritime climate zone, declined towards the east, and were positively correlated. Species richness criteria showed distributions among climate zones similar to those of the fire threat variables. When using species richness and fire threat criteria, most lower-ranked (higher conservation priority) units occurred in the coastal and transitional zones. When considering genetic biodiversity, lower-ranked units occurred more often in the mountainous inland zone. With Pareto ranking, there is no need to select criteria weights as part of the decision-making process. However, negative correlations and larger numbers of criteria can result in more units assigned to the same rank. Pareto ranking is broadly applicable and can be used as a standalone decision analysis method or in conjunction with other methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0200203","usgsCitation":"Tracey, J.A., Rochester, C.J., Hathaway, S.A., Preston, K.L., Syphard, A.D., Vandergast, A.G., Diffendorfer, J., Franklin, J., MacKenzie, J.B., Oberbauer, T.A., Tremor, S., Winchell, C.S., and Fisher, R.N., 2018, Prioritizing conserved areas threatened by wildfire and fragmentation for monitoring and management: PLoS ONE, v. 13, no. 9, p. 1-23, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200203.","productDescription":"e0200203; 23 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"23","ipdsId":"IP-095520","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468418,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200203","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P95LH274","text":"USGS data 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D.","contributorId":8977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Syphard","given":"Alexandra","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vandergast, Amy G. 0000-0002-7835-6571 avandergast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-6571","contributorId":3963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergast","given":"Amy","email":"avandergast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Diffendorfer, James E. 0000-0003-1093-6948 jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6948","contributorId":3208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"James E.","email":"jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change 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A.","contributorId":207767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oberbauer","given":"Tomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37630,"text":"Department of Planning and Land Use, County of San Diego, California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Tremor, Scott","contributorId":207768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tremor","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37631,"text":"San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego, California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Winchell, Clark S.","contributorId":207769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winchell","given":"Clark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37632,"text":"USFWS -- Carlsbad FWO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70201057,"text":"70201057 - 2018 - Drought and land-cover conditions in the Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-27T10:14:50","indexId":"70201057","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-07T10:14:45","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1421,"text":"Earth Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drought and land-cover conditions in the Great Plains","docAbstract":"Land–atmosphere interactions play a critical role in the Earth system, and a better understanding of these interactions could improve weather and climate models. The interaction among drought, vegetation productivity, and land cover is of particular significance. In a semiarid environment, such as the U.S. Great Plains, droughts can have a large influence on the productivity of agriculture and grasslands, with serious environmental and economic impacts. Here, we used the vegetation drought response index (VegDRI) drought indicator to investigate the response of vegetation to weather and climate for land-cover types in the Great Plains in the United States from 1989 to 2012. We found that analysis that focused on land-cover types within ecoregion divisions provided substantially more and land-cover-based detail on the timing and intensity of drought than did summarizing across the entire Great Plains region. In the northern Great Plains, VegDRI measured more frequent drought impacts on vegetation in the western ecoregions than in the eastern ecoregions. Across the ecoregions of the Great Plains, drought impacts on vegetation were more commonly found in grassland than in cropland. For example, in the “Northwestern Great Plains” ecoregion (which encompasses areas of Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska), grassland and nonirrigated cropland were observed in VegDRI to have historical fractional drought coverages in the growing season of 17% and 11%, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/EI-D-17-0025.1","usgsCitation":"Tollerud, H.J., Brown, J.F., Loveland, T., Mahmood, R., and Bliss, N.B., 2018, Drought and land-cover conditions in the Great Plains: Earth Interactions, v. 22, p. 1-25, https://doi.org/10.1175/EI-D-17-0025.1.","productDescription":"Paper no. 17; 25 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"25","ipdsId":"IP-096098","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/ei-d-17-0025.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":359700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great 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\"}}]}","volume":"22","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bfe65e2e4b0815414ca60f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tollerud, Heather J. 0000-0001-9507-4456","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9507-4456","contributorId":210820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tollerud","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":176609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":202518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":752114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mahmood, Rezaul","contributorId":210821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mahmood","given":"Rezaul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38153,"text":"Department of Geography and Geology and Kentucky Climate Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":752115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bliss, Norman B. 0000-0003-2409-5211 bliss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-5211","contributorId":1921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"Norman","email":"bliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70208991,"text":"70208991 - 2018 - A 42 year inference of cloud base height trends in the Luquillo Mountains of northeastern Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-10T14:23:52","indexId":"70208991","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-05T14:21:56","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1249,"text":"Climate Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 42 year inference of cloud base height trends in the Luquillo Mountains of northeastern Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"The Luquillo Mountains of eastern Puerto Rico are home to the only tropical rainforest\nmanaged by the United States Forest Service, with cloud-immersed forests historically occupying the highest elevations. However, within the past 50 yr, studies of the Luquillo cloud forest have suggested an increase in cloud base heights (CBH), although the CBH in the area was not quantified until recently. The present work uses radiosonde observations from nearby San Juan, Puerto Rico, to contextualize the present-day CBH within a 42 yr (1975−2016) proxy record and determine evidence for rising cloud base. Two key questions are addressed: (1) Can theoretical CBH calculations from San Juan provide a reasonable proxy for CBHs in the Luquillo Mountains? (2) Does a significant trend accompany the CBH lifting inferred from recent work in the region? The mean-layer lifted condensation level (MLLCL), a thermodynamic parameter expressing the altitude at which a rising air parcel reaches 100% relative humidity, serves as the proxy. The 42 yr MLLCL time series corroborates both the low CBHs claimed in the 1980s and the higher CBHs documented by recent work. When considering all available radiosonde data, statistically significant increasing CBH trends are detected for all seasons. However, when the record is standardized to correct for progressive vertical resolution improvements to radiosonde observations, recent CBH increases are more modest than initially indicated, and statistically significant increases are only apparent in the late rainfall season.","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","doi":"10.3354/cr01529","usgsCitation":"Miller, P.W., Mote, T.L., Ramseyer, C., Van Beusekom, A.E., Scholl, M.A., and Gonzalez, G., 2018, A 42 year inference of cloud base height trends in the Luquillo Mountains of northeastern Puerto Rico: Climate Research, v. 76, no. 1, p. 87-94, https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01529.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"94","ipdsId":"IP-094568","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373074,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":784438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Beusekom, Ashley E.","contributorId":197950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Beusekom","given":"Ashley","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scholl, Martha A. 0000-0001-6994-4614 mascholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-4614","contributorId":1920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"Martha","email":"mascholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":784435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gonzalez, Grizelle","contributorId":194872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Grizelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70263423,"text":"70263423 - 2018 - Social–ecological landscape patterns predict woody encroachment from native tree plantings in a temperate grassland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-11T15:31:56.916264","indexId":"70263423","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-05T09:29:22","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Social–ecological landscape patterns predict woody encroachment from native tree plantings in a temperate grassland","docAbstract":"Afforestation is often viewed as the purposeful planting of trees in historically nonforested grasslands, but an unintended consequence is woody encroachment, which should be considered part of the afforestation process. In North America's temperate grassland biome, Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) is a native species used in tree plantings that aggressively invades in the absence of controlling processes. Cedar is a well-studied woody encroacher, but little is known about the degree to which cedar windbreaks, which are advocated for in agroforestry programs, are contributing to woody encroachment, what factors are associated with cedar spread from windbreaks, nor where encroachment from windbreaks is occurring in contemporary social–ecological landscapes. We used remotely sensed imagery to identify the presence and pattern of woody encroachment from windbreaks in the Nebraska Sandhills. We used multimodel inference to compare three classes of models representing three hypotheses about factors that could influence cedar spread: (a) windbreak models based on windbreak structure and design elements; (b) abiotic models focused on local environmental conditions; and (c) landscape models characterizing coupled human-natural features within the broader matrix. Woody encroachment was evident for 23% of sampled windbreaks in the Nebraska Sandhills. Of our candidate models, our inclusive landscape model carried 92% of the model weight. This model indicated that encroachment from windbreaks was more likely near roadways and less likely near farmsteads, other cedar plantings, and waterbodies, highlighting strong social ties to the distribution of woody encroachment from tree plantings across contemporary landscapes. Our model findings indicate where additional investments into cedar control can be prioritized to prevent cedar spread from windbreaks. This approach can serve as a model in other temperate regions to identify where woody encroachment resulting from temperate agroforestry programs is emerging.
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Sea otters on the west side of LCI are considered part of the southwest Alaska stock; sea otters occupying eastern LCI are considered part of the southcentral Alaska stock. Information concerning the distributions and abundance of sea otters in LCI is needed to track the status and trends of these populations and address management concerns associated with oil and gas exploration and coastal development in the region. In May 2017, we conducted a series of replicate aerial surveys of sea otters across LCI following the methods of Bodkin and Udevitz (1999). Our abundance estimate for western LCI (southwest Alaska stock) was 10,737 (SE = 2,323) sea otters. Sea otters were not uniformly distributed across western LCI. The highest sea otter densities (up to 8 sea otter/km2) occurred within Kamishak Bay to the west and north of Augustine Island. Sea otter densities were relatively low north of Kamishak Bay. The total abundance estimate for eastern LCI (part of the southcentral Alaska stock) was 9,152 (SE = 1,020) sea otters. The highest densities of sea otters in eastern LCI were found along the north shore of Kachemak Bay and in Port Graham. We also found large numbers of sea otters along the eastern shore of LCI between Anchor Point and Clam Gulch. 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