Ash3d is a three-dimensional Eulerian atmospheric model for tephra transport, dispersal, and deposition to study and forecast hazards of volcanic ash clouds and tephra fall. In this report, we explain how to set up simulations using a web interface, and how to view and interpret model output. We also summarize the architecture of the model and some of its properties.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131122","usgsCitation":"Mastin, L.G., Randall, M.J., Schwaiger, H.F., and Denlinger, R.P., 2021, User’s guide and reference to the web interface of Ash3d—A three-dimensional model for Eulerian atmospheric tephra transport and deposition (ver. 2.0, April 2021): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013–1122, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131122.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 25 p.; Version History","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-112934","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276973,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1122/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":276972,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1122/ofr20131122.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":385065,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1122/versionHist.txt","size":"2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0:May 2013; Version 2.0: April 2021","contact":"Contact YVO
Volcano Science Center, Yellowstone Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 910
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Although infrequent recruitment of new individuals into the adult spawning populations of Lost River suckers (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris) limits recovery of these species in Upper Klamath Lake, it is not clear that populations are recruitment limited in Clear Lake Reservoir (hereafter Clear Lake). Specifically, some evidence indicates that shortnose suckers may regularly recruit to the adult spawning population in Clear Lake. Therefore, a study of early life history patterns and recruitment dynamics in Clear Lake may lead to a better understanding of what is limiting recovery of suckers in both lakes. Adult suckers in Clear Lake migrate up Willow Creek and its tributaries to spawn in some years, but low flow in Willow Creek may inhibit spawning migrations in other years. It is unclear whether spawning is successful, larvae survive, or how frequently juveniles persist to adulthood. Environmental variables associated with successful spawning or young-of-year survival have not been identified, and early life history for these populations is poorly understood. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, initiated a study in 2011 to better understand juvenile sucker life history in Clear Lake, and to identify constraints in the early life history that may limit recruitment to the adult spawning populations. The relative weights of shortnose suckers from Clear Lake and Upper Klamath Lake were compared to examine differences in condition. However, it is unclear whether the disparity in relative weights between the populations reflects differences in condition, phenotype, or both. Approximately 80 percent of juvenile suckers in Clear Lake are shortnose suckers with some morphologic features similar to Klamath largescale suckers (Catostomus snyderi), whereas juvenile suckers in Upper Klamath Lake can be clearly classified as either shortnose or Lost River suckers. The presence of juvenile suckers age-3 and older indicate that production, larval survival, and juvenile survival are at least periodically sufficient to lead to recruitment into the adult population of shortnose suckers in Clear Lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131188","usgsCitation":"Burdick, S.M., and Rasmussen, J., 2013, Age and condition of juvenile catostomids in Clear Lake Reservoir, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1188, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131188.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276561,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131188.png"},{"id":276560,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1188/pdf/ofr20131188.pdf","text":"Report","size":"690 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":276559,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1188/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Clear Lake Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.229157,41.79319 ], [ -121.229157,41.927007 ], [ -121.06315,41.927007 ], [ -121.06315,41.79319 ], [ -121.229157,41.79319 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5209f5d2e4b0026c2bc11a96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burdick, Summer M. 0000-0002-3480-5793 sburdick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-5793","contributorId":3448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"Summer","email":"sburdick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rasmussen, Josh","contributorId":47634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Josh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047539,"text":"ofr20101083L - 2013 - Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2012 Sumatra and vicinity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T13:09:46","indexId":"ofr20101083L","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-08T15:47:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1083","chapter":"L","title":"Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2012 Sumatra and vicinity","docAbstract":"The plate boundary southwest of Sumatra is part of a long tectonic collision zone that extends over 8,000 km from Papua, New Guinea, in the east to the Himalayan front in the west. The Sumatra-Andaman part of the collision zone forms a subduction zone plate boundary, which accommodates convergence between the Indo-Australia and Sunda plates. This convergence is responsible for the intense seismicity in Sumatra. The Sumatra Fault, a major transform structure that bisects Sumatra, accommodates the northwest-increasing lateral component of relative plate motion.\n\nMost strain accumulation and release between the two plates occurs along the Sunda megathrust. The increasingly oblique convergence moving northwest is accommodated by crustal seismicity along several transform and normal faults, including the Sumatra Fault. Plate-boundary related deformation is also not restricted to the subduction zone and overriding plate: the Indo-Australian plate actually comprises two somewhat independent plates (India and Australia) that are joined along a broad, actively deforming region that produces seismicity up to several hundred kilometers west of the trench. This deformation is exemplified by the recent April 2012 earthquake sequence, which includes the April 11 M 8.6 and M 8.2 strike-slip events and their subsequent aftershocks.\n\nSince 2004, much of the Sunda megathrust between the northern Andaman Islands and Enggano Island, a distance of more than 2,000 km, has ruptured in a series of large subduction zone earthquakes—most rupturing the plate boundary south of Banda Aceh. These events include the great M 9.1 earthquake of December 26, 2004; the M 8.6 Nias Island earthquake of March 28, 2005; and two earthquakes on September 12, 2007, of M 8.5 and M 7.9. On October 25, 2010, a M 7.8 on the shallow portion of the megathrust to the west of the Mentawai Islands caused a substantial tsunami on the west coast of those islands.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101083L","usgsCitation":"Hayes, G., Bernardino, M., Dannemann, F., Smoczyk, G., Briggs, R.W., Benz, H.M., Furlong, K.P., and Villaseñor, A., 2013, Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2012 Sumatra and vicinity: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1083, Map: 1 Sheet: 24 x 37 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101083L.","productDescription":"Map: 1 Sheet: 24 x 37 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276250,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20101083L.PNG"},{"id":276248,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1083/l/"},{"id":276249,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1083/l/pdf/OF10-1083_L-508.pdf"}],"country":"Sumatra","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 88.0,9.0 ], [ 88.0,18.0 ], [ 108.0,18.0 ], [ 108.0,9.0 ], [ 88.0,9.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5204afdae4b0403aa62629b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. (compiler)","contributorId":11501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin P.","suffix":"(compiler)","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernardino, Melissa","contributorId":100732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernardino","given":"Melissa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dannemann, Fransiska","contributorId":26613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dannemann","given":"Fransiska","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smoczyk, Gregory","contributorId":92573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoczyk","given":"Gregory","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Briggs, Richard W. 0000-0001-8108-0046 rbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-0046","contributorId":4136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Richard","email":"rbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Furlong, Kevin P. 0000-0002-2674-5110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-5110","contributorId":19576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furlong","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Villaseñor, Antonio","contributorId":100969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villaseñor","given":"Antonio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70047538,"text":"ofr20131175 - 2013 - Economic resilience through \"One-Water\" management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-08T15:49:13","indexId":"ofr20131175","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-08T15:44:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1175","title":"Economic resilience through \"One-Water\" management","docAbstract":"Disruption of water availability leads to food scarcity and loss of economic opportunity. Development of effective water-resource policies and management strategies could provide resiliance to local economies in the face of water disruptions such as drought, flood, and climate change. To accomplish this, a detailed understanding of human water use and natural water resource availability is needed. A hydrologic model is a computer software system that simulates the movement and use of water in a geographic area. It takes into account all components of the water cycle--“One Water”--and helps estimate water budgets for groundwater, surface water, and landscape features. The U.S. Geological Survey MODFLOW One-Water Integrated Hydrologic Model (MODFLOWOWHM) software and scientific methods can provide water managers and political leaders with hydrologic information they need to help ensure water security and economic resilience.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131175","usgsCitation":"Hanson, R.T., and Schmid, W., 2013, Economic resilience through \"One-Water\" management: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1175, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131175.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276247,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131175.jpg"},{"id":276245,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1175/"},{"id":276246,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1175/pdf/ofr20131175.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5204afd8e4b0403aa62629aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, Randall T. 0000-0002-9819-7141 rthanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-7141","contributorId":801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Randall","email":"rthanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmid, Wolfgang","contributorId":84020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmid","given":"Wolfgang","affiliations":[{"id":13040,"text":"Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":482302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047530,"text":"ofr20131078 - 2013 - Distribution of late Pleistocene ice-rich syngenetic permafrost of the Yedoma Suite in east and central Siberia, Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-08T13:57:09","indexId":"ofr20131078","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-08T13:31:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1078","title":"Distribution of late Pleistocene ice-rich syngenetic permafrost of the Yedoma Suite in east and central Siberia, Russia","docAbstract":"This digital database is the product of collaboration between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Geophysical Institute at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks; the Los Altos Hills Foothill College GeoSpatial Technology Certificate Program; the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany; and the Institute of Physical Chemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The primary goal for creating this digital database is to enhance current estimates of soil organic carbon stored in deep permafrost, in particular the late Pleistocene syngenetic ice-rich permafrost deposits of the Yedoma Suite. Previous studies estimated that Yedoma deposits cover about 1 million square kilometers of a large region in central and eastern Siberia, but these estimates generally are based on maps with scales smaller than 1:10,000,000. Taking into account this large area, it was estimated that Yedoma may store as much as 500 petagrams of soil organic carbon, a large part of which is vulnerable to thaw and mobilization from thermokarst and erosion.\n\nTo refine assessments of the spatial distribution of Yedoma deposits, we digitized 11 Russian Quaternary geologic maps. Our study focused on extracting geologic units interpreted by us as late Pleistocene ice-rich syngenetic Yedoma deposits based on lithology, ground ice conditions, stratigraphy, and geomorphological and spatial association. These Yedoma units then were merged into a single data layer across map tiles. The spatial database provides a useful update of the spatial distribution of this deposit for an approximately 2.32 million square kilometers land area in Siberia that will (1) serve as a core database for future refinements of Yedoma distribution in additional regions, and (2) provide a starting point to revise the size of deep but thaw-vulnerable permafrost carbon pools in the Arctic based on surface geology and the distribution of cryolithofacies types at high spatial resolution. However, we recognize that the extent of Yedoma deposits presented in this database is not complete for a global assessment, because Yedoma deposits also occur in the Taymyr lowlands and Chukotka, and in parts of Alaska and northwestern Canada.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131078","usgsCitation":"Grosse, G., Robinson, J., Bryant, R., Taylor, M.D., Harper, W., DeMasi, A., Kyker-Snowman, E., Veremeeva, A., Schirrmeister, L., and Harden, J., 2013, Distribution of late Pleistocene ice-rich syngenetic permafrost of the Yedoma Suite in east and central Siberia, Russia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1078, v, 24 p.; Metadata; GIS data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131078.","productDescription":"v, 24 p.; Metadata; GIS data","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276232,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131078.jpg"},{"id":276229,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1078/pdf/ofr20131078.pdf"},{"id":276227,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1078/"},{"id":276231,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1078/ofr20131078_GIS.zip"},{"id":276230,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1078/ofr20131078_metadata.txt"}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"Siberia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 57.1,42.3 ], [ 57.1,81.3 ], [ -169.0,81.3 ], [ -169.0,42.3 ], [ 57.1,42.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5204afd8e4b0403aa62629a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grosse, Guido","contributorId":101475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"Guido","affiliations":[{"id":34291,"text":"University of Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":482283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, Joel E. 0000-0002-5193-3666 jrobins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5193-3666","contributorId":2757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Joel E.","email":"jrobins@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bryant, Robin","contributorId":43262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"Robin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, Maxwell D.","contributorId":6360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Maxwell","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harper, William","contributorId":62123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeMasi, Amy","contributorId":28887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeMasi","given":"Amy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kyker-Snowman, Emily","contributorId":54874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kyker-Snowman","given":"Emily","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Veremeeva, Alexandra","contributorId":68637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veremeeva","given":"Alexandra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schirrmeister, Lutz","contributorId":102777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schirrmeister","given":"Lutz","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer","contributorId":46190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70047414,"text":"ofr20131147 - 2013 - Instrumental neutron activation analysis data for cloud-water particulate samples, Mount Bamboo, Taiwan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-05T13:09:27","indexId":"ofr20131147","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-05T12:55:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1147","title":"Instrumental neutron activation analysis data for cloud-water particulate samples, Mount Bamboo, Taiwan","docAbstract":"Cloud water was sampled on Mount Bamboo in northern Taiwan during March 22-24, 2002. Cloud-water samples were filtered using 0.45-micron filters to remove particulate material from the water samples. Filtered particulates were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) at the U.S. Geological Survey National Reactor Facility in Denver, Colorado, in February 2012. INAA elemental composition data for the particulate materials are presented. These data complement analyses of the aqueous portion of the cloud-water samples, which were performed earlier by the Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taiwan. The data are intended for evaluation of atmospheric transport processes and air-pollution sources in Southeast Asia.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131147","usgsCitation":"Lin, N., Sheu, G., Wetherbee, G.A., and Debey, T.M., 2013, Instrumental neutron activation analysis data for cloud-water particulate samples, Mount Bamboo, Taiwan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1147, vi, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131147.","productDescription":"vi, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":143,"text":"Branch of Quality Systems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276033,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131147.png"},{"id":276031,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1147/"},{"id":276032,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1147/pdf/OF13-1147_508.pdf"}],"country":"Taiwan","otherGeospatial":"Mount Bamboo","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 120.7548,24.4 ], [ 120.7548,25.3643 ], [ 122.0454,25.3643 ], [ 122.0454,24.4 ], [ 120.7548,24.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5200bb56e4b009d47a4c2321","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lin, Neng-Huei","contributorId":44450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"Neng-Huei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheu, Guey-Rong","contributorId":41320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheu","given":"Guey-Rong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wetherbee, Gregory A. 0000-0002-6720-2294 wetherbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6720-2294","contributorId":1044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetherbee","given":"Gregory","email":"wetherbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":143,"text":"Branch of Quality Systems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Debey, Timothy M. tdebey@usgs.gov","contributorId":3964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Debey","given":"Timothy","email":"tdebey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047403,"text":"ofr20111040 - 2013 - Continuous resistivity profiling data from Great South Bay, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-05T09:50:18","indexId":"ofr20111040","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-05T09:44:46","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1040","title":"Continuous resistivity profiling data from Great South Bay, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"An investigation of submarine aquifers adjacent to the Fire Island National Seashore and Long Island, New York was conducted to assess the importance of submarine groundwater discharge as a potential nonpoint source of nitrogen delivery to Great South Bay. Over 200 kilometers of continuous resistivity profiling data were collected to image the fresh-saline groundwater interface in sediments beneath the bay. In addition, groundwater sampling was performed at sites (1) along the north shore of Great South Bay, particularly in Patchogue Bay, that were representative of the developed Long Island shoreline, and (2) at sites on and adjacent to Fire Island, a 50-kilometer-long barrier island on the south side of Great South Bay. Other field activities included sediment coring, stationary electrical resistivity profiling, and surveys of in situ pore water conductivity. Results of continuous resistivity profiling surveys are described in this report. The onshore and offshore shallow hydrostratigraphy of the Great South Bay shorelines, particularly the presence and nature of submarine confining units, appears to exert primary control on the dimensions and chemistry of the submarine groundwater flow and discharge zones. Sediment coring has shown that the confining units commonly consist of drowned and buried peat layers likely deposited in salt marshes. Low-salinity groundwater extends from 10 to 100 meters offshore along much of the north and south shores of Great South Bay based on continuous resistivity profiling data, especially off the mouths of tidal creeks and beneath shallow flats to the north of Fire Island adjacent to modern salt marshes. Human modifications of much of the shoreline and nearshore areas along the north shore of the bay, including filling of salt marshes, construction of bulkheads and piers, and dredging of navigation channels, has substantially altered the natural hydrogeology of the bay's shorelines by truncating confining units and increasing recharge near the shore in filled areas. Better understanding of the nature of submarine groundwater discharge along developed and undeveloped shorelines of embayments such as this could lead to improved models and mitigation strategies for nutrient overenrichment of estuaries.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111040","usgsCitation":"Cross, V., Bratton, J., Kroeger, K., Crusius, J., and Worley, C., 2013, Continuous resistivity profiling data from Great South Bay, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1040, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111040.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276000,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20111040.PNG"},{"id":275998,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Worley, C.R.","contributorId":43479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worley","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70047383,"text":"ofr20131042 - 2013 - Sediment geochemistry of Corte Madera Marsh, San Francisco Bay, California: have local inputs changed, 1830-2010?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-05T14:40:28.392522","indexId":"ofr20131042","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-02T13:28:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1042","title":"Sediment geochemistry of Corte Madera Marsh, San Francisco Bay, California: have local inputs changed, 1830-2010?","docAbstract":"Large perturbations since the mid-1800s to the supply and source of sediment entering San Francisco Bay have disturbed natural processes for more than 150 years. Only recently have sediment inputs through the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta) decreased to what might be considered pre-disturbance levels. Declining sediment inputs to San Francisco Bay raise concern about continued tidal marsh accretion, particularly if sea level rise accelerates in the future. The aim of this study is to explore whether the relative amount of local-watershed sediment accumulating in a tidal marsh has changed as sediment supply from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Rivers has decreased. To address this question, sediment geochemical indicators, or signatures, in the fine fraction (silt and clay) of Sacramento River, San Joaquin River, San Francisco Bay, and Corte Madera Creek sediment were identified and applied in sediment recovered from Corte Madera Marsh, one of the few remaining natural marshes in San Francisco Bay. Total major, minor, trace, and rare earth element (REE) contents of fine sediment were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass and atomic emission spectroscopy. Fine sediment from potential source areas had the following geochemical signatures: Sacramento River sediment downstream of the confluence of the American River was characterized by enrichments in chromium, zirconium, and heavy REE; San Joaquin River sediment at Vernalis and Lathrop was characterized by enrichments in thorium and total REE content; Corte Madera Creek sediment had elevated nickel contents; and the composition of San Francisco Bay mud proximal to Corte Madera Marsh was intermediate between these sources. Most sediment geochemical signatures were relatively invariant for more than 150 years, suggesting that the composition of fine sediment in Corte Madera Marsh is not very sensitive to changes in the magnitude, timing, or source of sediment entering San Francisco Bay through the Delta. Nor does there appear to be a ubiquitous increase in the proportion of fine sediment from Corte Madera watershed accumulating in the marsh during the last 20 years when sediment inflows through the Delta have decreased to pre-disturbance levels. We conclude that a large, well-mixed reservoir, such as the transportable fine sediment pool in San Francisco Bay, is the primary source of sediment to Corte Madera Marsh, and this source buffers the marsh against changes in sediment supply from the Delta and local watersheds. This study also found that Corte Madera Marsh sediment between about 10-30 centimeters depth is highly contaminated with lead, likely a legacy of lead smelter operations near Carquinez Strait and leaded gasoline use.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131042","usgsCitation":"Takesue, R.K., and Jaffe, B.E., 2013, Sediment geochemistry of Corte Madera Marsh, San Francisco Bay, California: have local inputs changed, 1830-2010?: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1042, v, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131042.","productDescription":"v, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1829-12-30","temporalEnd":"2010-01-01","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275959,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131042.jpg"},{"id":275958,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1042/of2013-1042.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5,37.0 ], [ -123.5,38.5 ], [ -121.0,38.5 ], [ -121.0,37.0 ], [ -123.5,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fcc6d6e4b0296e5a4b5bf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takesue, Renee K. 0000-0003-1205-0825 rtakesue@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1205-0825","contributorId":2159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takesue","given":"Renee","email":"rtakesue@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047379,"text":"ofr20131138 - 2013 - A conceptual framework for Lake Michigan coastal/nearshore ecosystems, with application to Lake Michigan Lakewide Management Plan (LaMP) objectives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-02T13:27:06","indexId":"ofr20131138","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-02T12:46:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1138","title":"A conceptual framework for Lake Michigan coastal/nearshore ecosystems, with application to Lake Michigan Lakewide Management Plan (LaMP) objectives","docAbstract":"The Lakewide Management Plans (LaMPs) within the Great Lakes region are examples of broad-scale, collaborative resource-management efforts that require a sound ecosystems approach. Yet, the LaMP process is lacking a holistic framework that allows these individual actions to be planned and understood within the broader context of the Great Lakes ecosystem. In this paper we (1) introduce a conceptual framework that unifies ideas and language among Great Lakes managers and scientists, whose focus areas range from tributary watersheds to open-lake waters, and (2) illustrate how the framework can be used to outline the geomorphic, hydrologic biological, and societal processes that underlie several goals of the Lake Michigan LaMP, thus providing a holistic and fairly comprehensive roadmap for tackling these challenges. For each selected goal, we developed a matrix that identifies the key ecosystem processes within the cell for each lake zone and each discipline; we then provide one example where a process is poorly understood and a second where a process is understood, but its impact or importance is unclear. Implicit in these objectives was our intention to highlight the importance of the Great Lakes coastal/nearshore zone. Although the coastal/nearshore zone is the important linkage zone between the watershed and open-lake zones—and is the zone where most LaMP issues are focused--scientists and managers have a relatively poor understanding of how the coastal/nearshore zone functions. We envision follow-up steps including (1) collaborative development of a more detailed and more complete conceptual model of how (and where) identified processes are thought to function, and (2) a subsequent gap analysis of science and monitoring priorities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131138","usgsCitation":"Seelbach, P.W., Fogarty, L., Bunnell, D.B., Haack, S.K., and Rogers, M.W., 2013, A conceptual framework for Lake Michigan coastal/nearshore ecosystems, with application to Lake Michigan Lakewide Management Plan (LaMP) objectives: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1138, v, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131138.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131138.jpg"},{"id":275949,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1138/"},{"id":275950,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1138/pdf/ofr2013-1138.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.9119,41.6089 ], [ -87.9119,46.1024 ], [ -84.7385,46.1024 ], [ -84.7385,41.6089 ], [ -87.9119,41.6089 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fcc6cfe4b0296e5a4b5be4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seelbach, Paul W. pseelbach@usgs.gov","contributorId":3937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelbach","given":"Paul","email":"pseelbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fogarty, Lisa R.","contributorId":74074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogarty","given":"Lisa R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bunnell, David Bo","contributorId":103959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Bo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haack, Sheridan K. skhaack@usgs.gov","contributorId":1982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"Sheridan","email":"skhaack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rogers, Mark W. 0000-0001-7205-5623 mwrogers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7205-5623","contributorId":4590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Mark","email":"mwrogers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70047356,"text":"ofr20131158 - 2013 - Seasonal flux and assemblage composition of planktic foraminifera from the northern Gulf of Mexico, 2008-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T14:23:55","indexId":"ofr20131158","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T14:35:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1158","title":"Seasonal flux and assemblage composition of planktic foraminifera from the northern Gulf of Mexico, 2008-11","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey anchored a sediment trap in the northern Gulf of Mexico to collect seasonal time-series data on the flux and assemblage composition of live planktic foraminifers. This report provides an update of the previous time-series data to include results from 2011. Ten species, or varieties, constituted ~92 percent of the 2011 assemblage: Globigerinoides ruber (pink and white varieties), Globigerinoides sacculifer, Globigerina calida, Globigerinella aequilateralis, Globorotalia menardii group [The Gt. menardii group includes Gt. menardii, Gt. tumida, and Gt. ungulata], Orbulina universa, Globorotalia truncatulinoides, Pulleniatina spp., and Neogloboquadrina dutertrei. The mean daily flux was 205 tests per square meter per day (m-2 day-1), with maximum fluxes of >600 tests m-2 day-1 during mid-February and mid-September and minimum fluxes of <60 tests m-2 day-1 during mid-March, the beginning of May, and November. Globorotalia truncatulinoides showed a clear preference for the winter, consistent with data from 2008 to 2010. Globigerinoides ruber (white) flux data for 2011 (average 30 tests m-2 day-1) were consistent with data from 2010 (average 29 m-2 day-1) and showed a steady threefold increase since 2009 (average 11 tests m-2 day-1) and a tenfold increase from the 2008 flux (3 tests m-2 day-1).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131158","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, C.E., and Poore, R.Z., 2013, Seasonal flux and assemblage composition of planktic foraminifera from the northern Gulf of Mexico, 2008-11: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1158, iii, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131158.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-01-01","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275799,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131158.jpg"},{"id":275797,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1158/"},{"id":275798,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1158/pdf/ofr2013-1158.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.65,25.36 ], [ -90.65,26.34 ], [ -89.65,26.34 ], [ -89.65,25.36 ], [ -90.65,25.36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fb7555e4b04b00e3d7856b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Caitlin E. 0000-0002-1724-3055 creynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1724-3055","contributorId":4049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Caitlin","email":"creynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047254,"text":"ofr20131178 - 2013 - Significance of headwater streams and perennial springs in ecological monitoring in Shenandoah National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-31T15:50:02","indexId":"ofr20131178","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-31T15:43:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1178","title":"Significance of headwater streams and perennial springs in ecological monitoring in Shenandoah National Park","docAbstract":"Shenandoah National Park has been monitoring water chemistry and benthic macroinvertebrates in stream ecosystems since 1979. These monitoring efforts were designed to assess the status and trends in stream condition associated with atmospheric deposition (acid rain) and changes in forest health due to gypsy moth infestations. The primary objective of the present research was to determine whether the current long-term macroinvertebrate and water-quality monitoring program in Shenandoah National Park was failing to capture important information on the status and trends in stream condition by not sufficiently representing smaller, headwater streams. The current benthic-macroinvertebrate and water-chemistry sampling designs do not include routine collection of data from streams with contributing watershed areas smaller than 100 hectares, even though these small streams represent the overwhelming proportion of total stream length in the park. In this study, we sampled headwater sites, including headwater stream reaches (contributing watershed area approximately 100 hectares (ha) and perennial springs, in the park for aquatic macroinvertebrates and water chemistry and compared the results with current and historical data collected at long-term ecological monitoring (LTEM) sites on larger streams routinely sampled as part of ongoing monitoring efforts. The larger purpose of the study was to inform ongoing efforts by park managers to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the current aquatic monitoring program in light of other potential stressors (for example, climate change) and limited resources. Our results revealed several important findings that could influence management decisions regarding long-term monitoring of park streams. First, we found that biological indicators of stream condition at headwater sites and perennial springs generally were more indicative of lower habitat quality and were more spatially variable than those observed at sites on routinely monitored larger streams. We hypothesized that poorer stream condition observed in smaller streams was due to stream drying that occurs more frequently in headwater areas. We also found that biological and water-chemistry measures responded differently to landscape drivers. Variation in most biological endpoints was driven primarily by stream size and was only secondarily associated with bedrock geology. In contrast, water chemistry showed essentially the opposite pattern, with underlying geology explaining much of the variation and stream size being of secondary importance. Therefore, expanding the LTEM program to include headwater areas would yield substantially different biological information, whereas broad inferences regarding spatial patterns in water chemistry would probably not change. Although significant differences in community composition were observed among streams of different sizes, no taxa were unique to headwater sites. All taxa collected at the 45 headwater sites also had been collected at one or more LTEM sites during one or more years. This observation indicates that headwater sites in the park may be structured by biotic nestedness; consequently, focusing management efforts on preserving the species pool at the larger LTEM sites would likely result in the protection of most taxa parkwide. Finally, linkages (correlations) between water chemistry and biological measures of stream condition were signficantly stronger when assessed at the LTEM sites than when assessed at the springs or headwater sites, indicating that conditions at downstream sites may be better indicators of water-quality trends.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131178","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Snyder, C.D., Webb, J., Young, J.A., and Johnson, Z.B., 2013, Significance of headwater streams and perennial springs in ecological monitoring in Shenandoah National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1178, v, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131178.","productDescription":"v, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049033","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275649,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131178.gif"},{"id":275648,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1178/pdf/ofr2013-1178.pdf"},{"id":275647,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1178/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -79,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -78,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -78,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -79,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fa2c80e4b076c3a8d8262f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Craig D. 0000-0002-3448-597X csnyder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3448-597X","contributorId":2568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Craig","email":"csnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, James R.","contributorId":74431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"James R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, John A. 0000-0002-4500-3673 jyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":3777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"John","email":"jyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Zane B.","contributorId":21441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Zane","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047298,"text":"ofr20131159 - 2013 - Methods for monitoring corals and crustose coralline algae to quantify in-situ calcification rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-30T15:47:19","indexId":"ofr20131159","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-30T15:31:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1159","title":"Methods for monitoring corals and crustose coralline algae to quantify in-situ calcification rates","docAbstract":"The potential effect of global climate change on calcifying marine organisms, such as scleractinian (reef-building) corals, is becoming increasingly evident. Understanding the process of coral calcification and establishing baseline calcification rates are necessary to detect future changes in growth resulting from climate change or other stressors. Here we describe the methods used to establish a network of calcification-monitoring stations along the outer Florida Keys Reef Tract in 2009. In addition to detailing the initial setup and periodic monitoring of calcification stations, we discuss the utility and success of our design and offer suggestions for future deployments. Stations were designed such that whole coral colonies were securely attached to fixed apparati (n = 10 at each site) on the seafloor but also could be easily removed and reattached as needed for periodic weighing. Corals were weighed every 6 months, using the buoyant weight technique, to determine calcification rates in situ. Sites were visited in May and November to obtain winter and summer rates, respectively, and identify seasonal patterns in calcification. Calcification rates of the crustose coralline algal community also were measured by affixing commercially available plastic tiles, deployed vertically, at each station. Colonization by invertebrates and fleshy algae on the tiles was low, indicating relative specificity for the crustose coralline algal community. We also describe a new, nonlethal technique for sampling the corals, used following the completion of the monitoring period, in which two slabs were obtained from the center of each colony. Sampled corals were reattached to the seafloor, and most corals had completely recovered within 6 months. The station design and sampling methods described herein provide an effective approach to assessing coral and crustose coralline algal calcification rates across time and space, offering the ability to quantify the potential effects of ocean warming and acidification on calcification processes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131159","usgsCitation":"Morrison, J.M., Kuffner, I.B., and Hickey, T.D., 2013, Methods for monitoring corals and crustose coralline algae to quantify in-situ calcification rates: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1159, v, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131159.","productDescription":"v, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P94BOI9T","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Experimental Coral-Growth Data and Time-Series Imagery for Acropora palmata and Pseudodiploria strigosa in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands"},{"id":275594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131159.gif"},{"id":275593,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1159/ofr13_1159_web.pdf"},{"id":275592,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1159/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Keys Reef Tract","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.2819,24.0966 ], [ -83.2819,27.2752 ], [ -79.4724,27.2752 ], [ -79.4724,24.0966 ], [ -83.2819,24.0966 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f8d258e4b0cecbe8fa9818","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrison, Jennifer M. 0000-0003-4460-7843 jmmorrison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4460-7843","contributorId":4903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmmorrison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuffner, Ilsa B. 0000-0001-8804-7847 ikuffner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7847","contributorId":3105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuffner","given":"Ilsa","email":"ikuffner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hickey, T. Don","contributorId":49066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Don","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}