{"pageNumber":"860","pageRowStart":"21475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68934,"records":[{"id":70036678,"text":"70036678 - 2009 - Recolonization of gravel habitats on Georges Bank (northwest Atlantic)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-30T14:39:58","indexId":"70036678","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recolonization of gravel habitats on Georges Bank (northwest Atlantic)","docAbstract":"Gravel habitats on continental shelves around the world support productive fisheries but are also vulnerable to disturbance from bottom fishing. We conducted a 2-year in situ experiment to measure the rate of colonization of a gravel habitat on northern Georges Bank in an area closed to fishing (Closed Area II) since December 1994. Three large (0.25 m2) sediment trays containing defaunated pebble gravel were deployed at a study site (47 m water depth) in July 1997 and recovered in June 1999. The undersides of the tray lids positioned 56 cm above the trays served as settlement panels over the same time period. We observed rapid colonization of the gravel substrate (56 species) and the settlement panels (35 species), indicating that colonization of gravel in this region is not limited by the supply of colonists. The species composition of the taxa found in the trays was broadly similar to that we collected over a 10-year period (1994-2004) in dredge samples from gravel sediments at the same site. The increase in abundance of animals in the gravel colonization trays was rapid and reached a level in 2 years that took 4.5 years to achieve in the surrounding gravel sediments once fishing had stopped, based on data from dredge sampling at this site. The increase in biomass of animals found in the sediment trays paralleled the trend of biomass increase observed in dredge samples over the same period (1997-1999) but was lower in value. These data suggest that after rapid initial increase in abundance of organisms, succession proceeded by increasing individual body size. A comparison of settlement panel and tray faunas revealed that the mean biomass of structure-forming epifauna (sponges, bryozoans, anemones, hydroids, colonial tube worms) on the panels was 8 times that found on the trays. Structure-forming taxa constituted 29% of the mean biomass of the panel fauna but only 5.5% of the tray fauna. By contrast, the mean biomass of scavengers (crabs, echinoderms, nudibranchs, gastropods) in the trays was 32 times that on the panels. Colonization of the tray gravel was more rapid for free-living species (many of which are prey for fish) than for structure-forming epifauna, though colonists of the latter species were present. The reduced success of structure-forming species in colonizing the tray gravel possibly is related to factors such as intermittent burial of the gravel by migrating sand and low survival of new recruits due to the presence of high numbers of scavengers on the gravel. These two factors might explain, to varying degree, the slow recolonization of gravel habitats by structure-forming species in Closed Area II of the northern part of Georges Bank. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.025","issn":"09670645","usgsCitation":"Collie, J.S., Hermsen, J.M., and Valentine, P.C., 2009, Recolonization of gravel habitats on Georges Bank (northwest Atlantic): Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 56, no. 19-20, p. 1847-1855, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.025.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1847","endPage":"1855","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-011848","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487872,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/gsofacpubs/929","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217675,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.025"}],"volume":"56","issue":"19-20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9684e4b0c8380cd82040","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collie, Jeremy S.","contributorId":196036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collie","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hermsen, Jerome M.","contributorId":196037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hermsen","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valentine, Page C. 0000-0002-0485-6266 pvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-6266","contributorId":1947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Page","email":"pvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032973,"text":"70032973 - 2009 - Saturn's Titan: Surface change, ammonia, and implications for atmospheric and tectonic activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-06T14:52:18","indexId":"70032973","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Saturn's Titan: Surface change, ammonia, and implications for atmospheric and tectonic activity","docAbstract":"Titan is known to have a young surface. Here we present evidence from the Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer that it is currently geologically active. We report that changes in the near-infrared reflectance of a 73,000 km2 area on Titan (latitude 26° S, longitude 78° W) occurred between July 2004 and March of 2006. The reflectance of the area increased by a factor of two between July 2004 and March–April 2005; it then returned to the July 2004 level by November 2005. By late December 2005 the reflectance had surged upward again, establishing a new maximum. Thereafter, it trended downward for the next three months. Detailed spectrophotometric analyses suggest these changes happen at or very near the surface. The spectral differences between the region and its surroundings rule out changes in the distribution of the ices of reasonably expected materials such as H2O, CO2, and CH4 as possible causes. Remarkably, the change is spectrally consistent with the deposition and removal of NH3 frost over a water ice substrate. NH3 has been proposed as a constituent of Titan's interior and has never been reported on the surface. The detection of NH3 frost on the surface might possibly be explained by episodic effusive events occur which bring juvenile ammonia from the interior to the surface. If so, its decomposition would feed nitrogen to the atmosphere now and in the future. The lateral extent of the region exceeds that of active areas on the Earth (Hawaii) or Io (Loki).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science B.V.","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2008.08.013","issn":"00191","usgsCitation":"Nelson, R., Kamp, L., Matson, D.L., Irwin, P., Baines, K.H., Boryta, M., Leader, F., Jaumann, R., Smythe, W.D., Sotin, C., Clark, R.N., Cruikshank, D.P., Drossart, P., Pearl, J., Hapke, B., Lunine, J., Combes, M., Bellucci, G., Bibring, J., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Coradini, A., Formisano, V., Filacchione, G., Langevin, R., McCord, T.B., Mennella, V., Nicholson, P.D., and Sicardy, B., 2009, Saturn's Titan: Surface change, ammonia, and implications for atmospheric and tectonic activity: Icarus, v. 199, no. 2, p. 429-441, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2008.08.013.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"429","endPage":"441","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241147,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Titan","volume":"199","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b86f6e4b08c986b316219","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, R.M.","contributorId":38316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kamp, L.W.","contributorId":16581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamp","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Matson, D. L.","contributorId":59940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irwin, P.G.J.","contributorId":100616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"P.G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boryta, M.D.","contributorId":21337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boryta","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leader, F.E.","contributorId":94048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leader","given":"F.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Smythe, W. D.","contributorId":90878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smythe","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Drossart, P.","contributorId":29574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drossart","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Pearl, J.C.","contributorId":45074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Hapke, B.W.","contributorId":7899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Lunine, J.","contributorId":42335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunine","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Combes, M.","contributorId":66892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Combes","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Bellucci, G.","contributorId":46256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellucci","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Bibring, J.-P.","contributorId":86083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bibring","given":"J.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Capaccioni, F.","contributorId":90900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capaccioni","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Cerroni, P.","contributorId":7869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerroni","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Coradini, A.","contributorId":34679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coradini","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Formisano, V.","contributorId":44694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Formisano","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Filacchione, G.","contributorId":48740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filacchione","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Langevin, R.Y.","contributorId":76553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"R.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Mennella, V.","contributorId":88522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mennella","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Sicardy, B.","contributorId":57622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sicardy","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29}]}}
,{"id":70032908,"text":"70032908 - 2009 - An empirical method for estimating instream pre-mining pH and dissolved Cu concentration in catchments with acidic drainage and ferricrete","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T10:44:43","indexId":"70032908","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical method for estimating instream pre-mining pH and dissolved Cu concentration in catchments with acidic drainage and ferricrete","docAbstract":"Methods for assessing natural background water quality of streams affected by historical mining are vigorously debated. An empirical method is proposed in which stream-specific estimation equations are generated from relationships between either pH or dissolved Cu concentration in stream water and the Fe/Cu concentration ratio in Fe-precipitates presently forming in the stream. The equations and Fe/Cu ratios for pre-mining deposits of alluvial ferricrete then were used to reconstruct estimated pre-mining longitudinal profiles for pH and dissolved Cu in three acidic streams in Montana, USA. Primary assumptions underlying the proposed method are that alluvial ferricretes and modern Fe-precipitates share a common origin, that the Cu content of Fe-precipitates remains constant during and after conversion to ferricrete, and that geochemical factors other than pH and dissolved Cu concentration play a lesser role in determining Fe/Cu ratios in Fe-precipitates. The method was evaluated by applying it in a fourth, naturally acidic stream unaffected by mining, where estimated pre-mining pH and Cu concentrations were similar to present-day values, and by demonstrating that inflows, particularly from unmined areas, had consistent effects on both the pre-mining and measured profiles of pH and Cu concentration. Using this method, it was estimated that mining has affected about 480 m of Daisy Creek, 1.8 km of Fisher Creek, and at least 1 km of Swift Gulch. Mean values of pH decreased by about 0.6 pH units to about 3.2 in Daisy Creek and by 1-1.5 pH units to about 3.5 in Fisher Creek. In Swift Gulch, mining appears to have decreased pH from about 5.5 to as low as 3.6. Dissolved Cu concentrations increased due to mining almost 40% in Daisy Creek to a mean of 11.7 mg/L and as much as 230% in Fisher Creek to 0.690 mg/L. Uncertainty in the fate of Cu during the conversion of Fe-precipitates to ferricrete translates to potential errors in pre-mining estimates of as much as 0.25 units for pH and 22% for dissolved Cu concentration. The method warrants further testing in other mined and unmined watersheds. Comparison of pre-mining water-quality estimates derived from the ferricrete and other methods in single watersheds would be particularly valuable. The method has potential for use in monitoring remedial efforts at mine sites with ferricrete deposits. A reasonable remediation objective might be realized when the downstream pattern of Fe/Cu ratios in modern streambed Fe-precipitates corresponds to the pattern in pre-mining alluvial ferricrete deposits along a stream valley.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.007","issn":"08832","usgsCitation":"Nimick, D., Gurrieri, J., and Furniss, G., 2009, An empirical method for estimating instream pre-mining pH and dissolved Cu concentration in catchments with acidic drainage and ferricrete: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 1, p. 106-119, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.007.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"119","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213512,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.007"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea36e4b0c8380cd486e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimick, D. A.","contributorId":70399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gurrieri, J.T.","contributorId":21356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurrieri","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Furniss, G.","contributorId":88567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furniss","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033012,"text":"70033012 - 2009 - Managing water to protect fish: A review of California's environmental water account, 2001-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-31T14:01:33.4512","indexId":"70033012","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Managing water to protect fish: A review of California's environmental water account, 2001-2005","docAbstract":"The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, the landward reach of the San Francisco Estuary, provides habitat for threatened delta smelt, endangered winter-run Chinook salmon, and other species of concern. It is also the location of huge freshwater diversion facilities that entrain large numbers of fish. Reducing the entrainment of listed fishes into these facilities has required curtailment of pumping, reducing the reliability of water deliveries. We reviewed the first 5 years (2001–2005) of the Environmental Water Account (EWA), a program instituted to resolve conflicts between protecting listed fishes and providing a reliable water supply. The EWA provided fishery agencies with control over 0.2–0.4 km3 of water to be used for fish protection at no cost to users of exported water, and fish agencies guaranteed no disruption of water supply for fish protection. The EWA was successful in reducing uncertainty in water supply; however, its contribution to the recovery of listed fishes was unclear. We estimated the effectiveness of the EWA to be modest, increasing the survival of winter-run Chinook salmon by 0–6% (dependent on prescreen mortality), adult delta smelt by 0–1%, and juvenile delta smelt by 2–4%. Allocating EWA water for a single life stage of one species could provide larger gains in survival. An optimally allocated EWA of equal size to the median of the first 5 years could increase abundance of juvenile delta smelt up to 7% in the springs of dry years. If the EWA is to become a long-term program, estimates of efficacy should be refined. If the program is to be held accountable for quantitative increases in fish populations, it will be necessary to integrate scientific, possibly experimental, approaches.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-008-9213-4","usgsCitation":"Brown, L., Kimmerer, W., and Brown, R., 2009, Managing water to protect fish: A review of California's environmental water account, 2001-2005: Environmental Management, v. 43, no. 2, p. 357-368, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-008-9213-4.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"368","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.25036621093749,\n 37.461778479617465\n ],\n [\n -120.90728759765625,\n 37.461778479617465\n ],\n [\n -120.90728759765625,\n 38.66835610151506\n ],\n [\n -122.25036621093749,\n 38.66835610151506\n ],\n [\n -122.25036621093749,\n 37.461778479617465\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c9ce4b0c8380cd69d8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, L. R. 0000-0001-6702-4531","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":66391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"L. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimmerer, W.","contributorId":38325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimmerer","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, R.","contributorId":101419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037452,"text":"70037452 - 2009 - Development of a local-scale urban stream assessment method using benthic macroinvertebrates: An example from the Santa Clara Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037452","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a local-scale urban stream assessment method using benthic macroinvertebrates: An example from the Santa Clara Basin, California","docAbstract":"Research that explores the biological response to urbanization on a site-specific scale is necessary for management of urban basins. Recent studies have proposed a method to characterize the biological response of benthic macroinvertebrates along an urban gradient for several climatic regions in the USA. Our study demonstrates how this general framework can be refined and applied on a smaller scale to an urbanized basin, the Santa Clara Basin (surrounding San Jose, California, USA). Eighty-four sampling sites on 14 streams in the Santa Clara Basin were used for assessing local stream conditions. First, an urban index composed of human population density, road density, and urban land cover was used to determine the extent of urbanization upstream from each sampling site. Second, a multimetric biological index was developed to characterize the response of macroinvertebrate assemblages along the urban gradient. The resulting biological index included metrics from 3 ecological categories: taxonomic composition ( Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera), functional feeding group (shredder richness), and habit ( clingers). The 90th-quantile regression line was used to define the best available biological conditions along the urban gradient, which we define as the predicted biological potential. This descriptor was then used to determine the relative condition of sites throughout the basin. Hierarchical partitioning of variance revealed that several site-specific variables (dissolved O2 and temperature) were significantly related to a site's deviation from its predicted biological potential. Spatial analysis of each site's deviation from its biological potential indicated geographic heterogeneity in the distribution of impaired sites. The presence and operation of local dams optimize water use, but modify natural flow regimes, which in turn influence stream habitat, dissolved O2, and temperature. Current dissolved O2 and temperature regimes deviate from natural conditions and appear to affect benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages. The assessment methods presented in our study provide finer-scale assessment tools for managers in urban basins. ?? North American Benthological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1899/08-159.1","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Carter, J., Purcell, A., Fend, S., and Resh, V., 2009, Development of a local-scale urban stream assessment method using benthic macroinvertebrates: An example from the Santa Clara Basin, California: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 28, no. 4, p. 1007-1021, https://doi.org/10.1899/08-159.1.","startPage":"1007","endPage":"1021","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217413,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/08-159.1"},{"id":245359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a003ce4b0c8380cd4f664","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, J.L.","contributorId":26030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Purcell, A.H.","contributorId":47191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fend, S.V. 0000-0002-4638-6602","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-6602","contributorId":99702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fend","given":"S.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Resh, V.H.","contributorId":64876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Resh","given":"V.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037339,"text":"70037339 - 2009 - Dike intrusions into bituminous coal, Illinois Basin: H, C, N, O isotopic responses to rapid and brief heating","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037339","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dike intrusions into bituminous coal, Illinois Basin: H, C, N, O isotopic responses to rapid and brief heating","docAbstract":"Unlike long-term heating in subsiding sedimentary basins, the near-instantaneous thermal maturation of sedimentary organic matter near magmatic intrusions is comparable to artificial thermal maturation in the laboratory in terms of short duration and limited extent. This study investigates chemical and H, C, N, O isotopic changes in high volatile bituminous coal near two Illinois dike contacts and compares observed patterns and trends with data from other published studies and from artificial maturation experiments. Our study pioneers in quantifying isotopically exchangeable hydrogen and measuring the D/H (i.e., 2H/1H) ratio of isotopically non-exchangeable organic hydrogen in kerogen near magmatic contacts. Thermal stress in coal caused a reduction of isotopically exchangeable hydrogen in kerogen from 5% to 6% in unaltered coal to 2-3% at contacts, mostly due to elimination of functional groups (e.g., {single bond}OH, {single bond}COOH, {single bond}NH2). In contrast to all previously published data on D/H in thermally matured organic matter, the more mature kerogen near the two dike contacts is D-depleted, which is attributed to (i) thermal elimination of D-enriched functional groups, and (ii) thermal drying of hydrologically isolated coal prior to the onset of cracking reactions, thereby precluding D-transfer from relatively D-enriched water into kerogen. Maxima in organic nitrogen concentration and in the atomic N/C ratio of kerogen at a distance of ???2.5 to ???3.5 m from the thicker dike indicate that reactive N-compounds had been pyrolytically liberated at high temperature closer to the contact, migrated through the coal seam, and recombined with coal kerogen in a zone of lower temperature. The same principle extends to organic carbon, because a strong ??13Ckerogen vs. ??15Nkerogen correlation across 5.5 m of coal adjacent to the thicker dike indicates that coal was functioning as a flow-through reactor along a dynamic thermal gradient facilitating back-reactions between mobile pyrolysis products from the hot zone as they encounter less hot kerogen. Vein and cell filling carbonate is most abundant in highest rank coals where carbonate ??13CVPDB and ??18OVSMOW values are consistent with thermal generation of 13C-depleted and 18O-enriched CO2 from decarboxylation and pyrolysis of organic matter. Lower background concentrations of 13C-enriched carbonate in thermally unaffected coal may be linked to 13C-enrichment in residual CO2 in the process of CO2 reduction via microbial methanogenesis. Our compilation and comparison of available organic H, C, N isotopic findings on magmatic intrusions result in re-assessments of majors factors influencing isotopic shifts in kerogen during magmatic heating. (i) Thermally induced shifts in organic ??D values of kerogen are primarily driven by the availability of water or steam. Hydrologic isolation (e.g., near Illinois dikes) results in organic D-depletion in kerogen, whereas more common hydrologic connectivity results in organic D-enrichment. (ii) Shifts in kerogen (or coal) ??13C and ??15N values are typically small and may follow sinusoidal patterns over short distances from magmatic contacts. Laterally limited sampling strategies may thus result in misleading and non-representative data. (iii) Fluid transport of chemically active, mobile carbon and nitrogen species and recombination reactions with kerogen result in isotopic changes in kerogen that are unrelated to the original, autochthonous part of kerogen. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2009.07.027","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Schimmelmann, A., Mastalerz, M., Gao, L., Sauer, P., and Topalov, K., 2009, Dike intrusions into bituminous coal, Illinois Basin: H, C, N, O isotopic responses to rapid and brief heating: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 73, no. 20, p. 6264-6281, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.07.027.","startPage":"6264","endPage":"6281","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217175,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.07.027"},{"id":245096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a019de4b0c8380cd4fc8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schimmelmann, A.","contributorId":28348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gao, L.","contributorId":63651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gao","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sauer, P.E.","contributorId":76335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Topalov, K.","contributorId":82562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topalov","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037220,"text":"70037220 - 2009 - Fish passage and abundance around grade control structures on incised streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037220","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Fish passage and abundance around grade control structures on incised streams","docAbstract":"This paper summarizes research from separate studies of fish passage over weirs (Larson et al., 2004; Litvan, 2006; Litvan, et al., 2008a-c) and weir hydraulics (Papanicolaou and Dermisis, 2006; Papanicolaou and Dermisis, in press). Channel incision in the deep loess region of western Iowa has caused decreased biodiversity because streams have high sediment loads, altered flow regimes, lost habitat, and lost lateral connectivity with their former floodplains. In-stream grade control structures (GCS) are built to prevent further erosion, protect infrastructure, and reduce sediment loads. However, GCS can have a detrimental impact on fisheries abundance and migration, biodiversity, and longitudinal connectivity. Fish mark-recapture studies were performed on stretches of streams with and without GCS. GCS with vertical or 1:4 (rise/run) downstream slopes did not allow fish migration, but GCS with slopes ??? 1:15 did. GCS sites were characterized by greater proportions of pool habitat, maximum depths, fish biomass, slightly higher index of biotic integrity (IBI) scores, and greater macroinvertebrate abundance and diversity than non-GCS sites. After modification of three GCS, IBI scores increased and fish species exhibiting truncated distributions before were found throughout the study area. Another study examined the hydraulic performance of GCS to facilitate unimpeded fish passage by determining the mean and turbulent flow characteristics in the vicinity of the GCS via detailed, non-intrusive field tests. Mean flow depth (Y) and velocity (V) atop the GCS were critical for evaluating GCS performance. Turbulent flow measurements illustrated that certain GCS designs cause sudden constrictions which form eddies large enough to disorient fish. GCS with slopes ??? 1:15 best met the minimum requirements to allow catfish passage of a flow depth of ??? 0.31 m and a mean flow velocity of ??? 1.22 m/s. ?? 2009 ASCE.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers","conferenceTitle":"World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers","conferenceDate":"17 May 2009 through 21 May 2009","conferenceLocation":"Kansas City, MO","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/41036(342)312","isbn":"9780784410363","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J., Papanicolaou, A., Pierce, C., Dermisis, D., Litvan, M., and Larson, C., 2009, Fish passage and abundance around grade control structures on incised streams, in Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers, v. 342, Kansas City, MO, 17 May 2009 through 21 May 2009, p. 3082-3091, https://doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)312.","startPage":"3082","endPage":"3091","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476273,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1015&context=nrem_conf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":217253,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)312"},{"id":245184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"342","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10a0e4b0c8380cd53d44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, J.T.","contributorId":80119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Papanicolaou, A.N.","contributorId":10208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papanicolaou","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, C.L. 0000-0001-5088-5431","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-5431","contributorId":93606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dermisis, D.C.","contributorId":13465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dermisis","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Litvan, M.E.","contributorId":67734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litvan","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larson, C.J.","contributorId":35957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034091,"text":"70034091 - 2009 - Dispersal of river sediment in the Southern California Bight","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034091","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dispersal of river sediment in the Southern California Bight","docAbstract":"The rivers of Southern California deliver episodic pulses of water, sediment, nutrients, and pollutants to the region's coastal waters. Although river-sediment dispersal is observed in positively buoyant (hypopycnal) turbid plumes extending tens of kilometers from river mouths, very little of the river sediment is found in these plumes. Rather, river sediment settles quickly from hypopycnal plumes to the seabed, where transport is controlled by bottom-boundary layer processes, presumably including fluid-mud (hyperpycnal) gravity currents. Here we investigate the geographical patterns of river-sediment dispersal processes by examining suspended-sediment concentrations and loads and the continental shelf morphology offshore river mouths. Throughout Southern California, river sediment is discharged at concentrations adequately high to induce enhanced sediment settling, including negative buoyancy. The rivers draining the Western Transverse Range produce suspended-sediment concentrations that are orders of magnitude greater than those in the urbanized region and Peninsular Range to the south, largely due to differences in sediment yield. The majority of sediment discharge from the Santa Clara River and Calleguas Creek occurs above the theoretical negative buoyancy concentration (>40 g/l). These rivers also produce event sediment loading as great as the Eel River, where fluid-mud gravity currents are observed. The continental shelf of Southern California has variable morphology, which influences the ability to transport via gravity currents. Over half of the rivers examined are adjacent to shelf slopes greater than 0.01, which are adequately steep to sustain auto-suspending gravity currents across the shelf, and have little (<10 m) Holocene sediment accumulation. Shelf settings of the Ventura, Santa Clara, and Tijuana Rivers are very broad and low sloped (less than 0.004), which suggests that fluid-mud gravity currents could transport across these shelves, albeit slowly (??10 cm/s) and only with adequate wave-generated shear stress and sediment loading. Calleguas Creek is unique in that it discharges directly into a steepsloped canyon (greater than 0.1) that should allow for violent auto-suspending gravity currents. In light of this, only one shelf setting-the Santa Clara and Ventura-has considerable Holocene sediment accumulation (exceeding 60 m), and here we show that the morphology of this shelf is very similar to an equilibrium shape predicted by gravity-current sediment transport. Thus, we conclude that a wide distribution of river-shelf settings occur in the Southern California Bight, which will directly influence sediment dispersal processes-both dilute suspended and gravity-current transport-and sediment-accumulation patterns. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2454(2.3)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Warrick, J., and Farnsworth, K., 2009, Dispersal of river sediment in the Southern California Bight: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 454, p. 53-67, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(2.3).","startPage":"53","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216720,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(2.3)"}],"issue":"454","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a021be4b0c8380cd4feb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warrick, J.A.","contributorId":53503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farnsworth, K.L.","contributorId":36746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farnsworth","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034832,"text":"70034832 - 2009 - Research in thermal biology: Burning questions for coldwater stream fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034832","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3279,"text":"Reviews in Fisheries Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Research in thermal biology: Burning questions for coldwater stream fishes","docAbstract":"With the increasing appreciation of global warming impacts on ecological systems, in addition to the myriad of land management effects on water quality, the number of literature citations dealing with the effects of water temperature on freshwater fish has escalated in the past decade. Given the many biological scales at which water temperature effects have been studied, and the growing need to integrate knowledge from multiple disciplines of thermal biology to fully protect beneficial uses, we held that a survey of the most promising recent developments and an expression of some of the remaining unanswered questions with significant management implications would best be approached collectively by a diverse research community. We have identified five specific topic areas of renewed research where new techniques and critical thought could benefit coldwater stream fishes (particularly salmonids): molecular, organism, population/species, community and ecosystem, and policy issues in water quality. Our hope is that information gained through examination of recent research fronts linking knowledge at various scales will prove useful in managing water quality at a basin level to protect fish populations and whole ecosystems. Standards of the past were based largely on incipient lethal and optimum growth rate temperatures for fish species, while future standards should consider all integrated thermal impacts to the organism and ecosystem. ?? Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reviews in Fisheries Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/10641260802590152","issn":"10641262","usgsCitation":"McCullough, D., Bartholow, J., Jager, H., Beschta, R.L., Cheslak, E., Deas, M., Ebersole, J.L., Foott, J., Johnson, S.L., Marine, K., Mesa, M., Petersen, J., Souchon, Y., Tiffan, K., and Wurtsbaugh, W., 2009, Research in thermal biology: Burning questions for coldwater stream fishes: Reviews in Fisheries Science, v. 17, no. 1, p. 90-115, https://doi.org/10.1080/10641260802590152.","startPage":"90","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215817,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641260802590152"},{"id":243643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa926e4b0c8380cd85c4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCullough, D.A.","contributorId":16391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCullough","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartholow, J.M.","contributorId":54530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jager, H.I.","contributorId":99734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jager","given":"H.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beschta, R. L.","contributorId":67472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beschta","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cheslak, E.F.","contributorId":87777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheslak","given":"E.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Deas, M.L.","contributorId":41239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deas","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ebersole, J. L.","contributorId":74221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebersole","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13529,"text":"US Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":447855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Foott, J.S.","contributorId":89485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foott","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnson, S. L.","contributorId":53826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Marine, K.R.","contributorId":15429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marine","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mesa, M.G.","contributorId":17386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Petersen, J.H.","contributorId":72154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Souchon, Y.","contributorId":102437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Souchon","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Tiffan, K.F.","contributorId":19327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Wurtsbaugh, W.A.","contributorId":36751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wurtsbaugh","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70037391,"text":"70037391 - 2009 - Coral disease following massive bleaching in 2005 causes 60% decline in coral cover on reefs in the US Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70037391","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coral disease following massive bleaching in 2005 causes 60% decline in coral cover on reefs in the US Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"In the northeast Caribbean, doldrum-like conditions combined with elevated water temperatures in the summer/fall 2005 created the most severe coral bleaching event ever documented within this region. Video monitoring of 100 randomly chosen, permanent transects at five study sites in the US Virgin Islands revealed over 90% of the scleractinian coral cover showed signs of thermal stress by paling or becoming completely white. Lower water temperatures in October allowed some re-coloring of corals; however, a subsequent unprecedented regional outbreak of coral disease affected all sites. Five known diseases or syndromes were recorded; however, most lesions showed signs similar to white plague. Nineteen scleractinian species were affected by disease, with >90% of the disease-induced lesions occurring on the genus Montastraea. The disease outbreak peaked several months after the onset of bleaching at all sites but did not occur at the same time. The mean number of disease-induced lesions increased 51-fold and the mean area of disease-associated mortality increased 13-fold when compared with pre-bleaching disease levels. In the 12 months following the onset of bleaching, coral cover declined at all sites (average loss: 51.5%, range: 42.4-61.8%) reducing the five-site average from 21.4% before bleaching to 10.3% with most mortality caused by white plague disease, not bleaching. Continued losses through October 2007 reduced the average coral cover of the five sites to 8.3% (average 2-year loss: 61.1%, range: 53.0-79.3%). Mean cover by M. annularis (complex) decreased 51%, Colpophyllia natans 78% and Agaricia agaricites 87%. Isolated disease outbreaks have been documented before in the Virgin Islands, but never as widespread or devastating as the one that occurred after the 2005 Caribbean coral-bleaching event. This study provides insight into the effects of continued seawater warming and subsequent coral bleaching events in the Caribbean and highlights the need to understand links between coral bleaching and disease. ?? The Author(s) 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coral Reefs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00338-009-0531-7","issn":"07224028","usgsCitation":"Miller, J., Muller, E., Rogers, C., Waara, R., Atkinson, A., Whelan, K., Patterson, M., and Witcher, B., 2009, Coral disease following massive bleaching in 2005 causes 60% decline in coral cover on reefs in the US Virgin Islands: Coral Reefs, v. 28, no. 4, p. 925-937, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-009-0531-7.","startPage":"925","endPage":"937","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487963,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-009-0531-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217005,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-009-0531-7"},{"id":244915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc07e4b0c8380cd4e0b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, J.","contributorId":16939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muller, E.","contributorId":34645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogers, C.","contributorId":27229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waara, R.","contributorId":42009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waara","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Atkinson, A.","contributorId":101207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Whelan, K.R.T.","contributorId":11311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"K.R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Patterson, M.","contributorId":16683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Witcher, B.","contributorId":74828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witcher","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70037306,"text":"70037306 - 2009 - Structural and geochemical characteristics of faulted sediments and inferences on the role of water in deformatiion, Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-26T09:57:01","indexId":"70037306","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural and geochemical characteristics of faulted sediments and inferences on the role of water in deformatiion, Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The San Ysidro fault is a spectacularly exposed normal fault located in the northwestern Albuquerque Basin of the Rio Grande Rift. This intrabasin fault is representative of many faults that formed in poorly lithified sediments throughout the rift. The fault is exposed over nearly 10 km and accommodates nearly 700 m of dip slip in subhorizontal, siliciclastic sediments. The extent of the exposure facilitates study of along-strike variations in deformation mechanisms, archi tecture, geochemistry, and permeability. The fault is composed of structural and hydrogeologic components that include a clay-rich fault core, a calcite-cemented mixed zone, and a poorly developed damage zone primarily consisting of deformation bands. Structural textures suggest that initial deformation in the fault occurred at low temperature and pressure, was within the paleosaturated zone of the evolving Rio Grande Rift, and was dominated by particulate flow. Little geochemical change is apparent across the fault zone other than due to secondary processes. The lack of fault-related geochemical change is interpreted to reflect the fundamental nature of water-saturated, particulate fl ow. Early mechanical entrainment of low-permeability clays into the fault core likely caused damming of groundwater flow on the up-gradient, footwall side of the fault. This may have caused a pressure gradient and flow of calcite-saturated waters in higher-permeability, fault-entrained siliciclastic sediments, ultimately promoting their cementation by sparry calcite. Once developed, the cemented and clay-rich fault has likely been, and continues to be, a partial barrier to cross-fault groundwater flow, as suggested by petrophysical measurements. Aeromagnetic data indicate that there may be many more unmapped faults with similar lengths to the San Ysidro fault buried within Rio Grande basins. If these buried faults formed by the same processes that formed the San Ysidro fault and have persistent low-permeability cores and cemented mixed zones, they could compartmentalize the basin-fill aquifers more than is currently realized, particularly if pumping stresses continue to increase in response to population growth. ?? 2009 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B26164.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Caine, J.S., and Minor, S., 2009, Structural and geochemical characteristics of faulted sediments and inferences on the role of water in deformatiion, Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 121, no. 9-10, p. 1325-1340, https://doi.org/10.1130/B26164.1.","startPage":"1325","endPage":"1340","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217147,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B26164.1"}],"volume":"121","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bc5e4b08c986b31d09d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caine, Jonathan S. 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":1272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":460371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Minor, S.A.","contributorId":65047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035596,"text":"70035596 - 2009 - Climatic and limnologic setting of Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035596","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic and limnologic setting of Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho","docAbstract":"Bear Lake is a large alkaline lake on a high plateau on the Utah-Idaho border. The Bear River was partly diverted into the lake in the early twentieth century so that Bear Lake could serve as a reservoir to supply water for hydropower and irrigation downstream, which continues today. The northern Rocky Mountain region is within the belt of the strongest of the westerly winds that transport moisture during the winter and spring over coastal mountain ranges and into the Great Basin and Rocky Mountains. As a result of this dominant winter precipitation pattern, most of the water entering the lake is from snowmelt, but with net evaporation. The dominant solutes in the lake water are Ca 2+, Mg2+, and HCO32-, derived from Paleozoic carbonate rocks in the Bear River Range west of the lake. The lake is saturated with calcite, aragonite, and dolomite at all depths, and produces vast amounts of carbonate minerals. The chemistry of the lake has changed considerably over the past 100 years as a result of the diversion of Bear River. The net effect of the diversion was to dilute the lake water, especially the Mg2+ concentration. Bear Lake is oligotrophic and coprecipitation of phosphate with CaCO3 helps to keep productivity low. However, algal growth is colimited by nitrogen availability. Phytoplankton densities are low, with a mean summer chlorophyll a concentration of 0.4 mg L-1. Phytoplankton are dominated by diatoms, but they have not been studied extensively (but see Moser and Kimball, this volume). Zooplankton densities usually are low (<10 L-1) and highly seasonal, dominated by calanoid copepods and cladocera. Benthic invertebrate densities are extremely low; chironomid larvae are dominant at depths <30 m, and are partially replaced with ostracodes and oligochaetes in deeper water. The ostracode species in water depths >10 m are all endemic. Bear Lake has 13 species of fi sh, four of which are endemic. Copyright ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2450(01)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Dean, W., Wurtsbaugh, W., and Lamarra, V., 2009, Climatic and limnologic setting of Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 450, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2450(01).","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216159,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2450(01)"},{"id":244008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"450","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f65be4b0c8380cd4c703","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wurtsbaugh, W.A.","contributorId":36751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wurtsbaugh","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lamarra, V.A.","contributorId":47196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamarra","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036994,"text":"70036994 - 2009 - Continental-scale patterns in soil geochemistry and mineralogy: results from two transects across the United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-22T10:26:56","indexId":"70036994","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Continental-scale patterns in soil geochemistry and mineralogy: results from two transects across the United States and Canada","docAbstract":"In 2004, the US Geological Survey (USGS) and the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) initiated a pilot study that involved collection of more than 1500 soil samples from 221 sites along two continental transects across Canada and the United States. The pilot study was designed to test and refine protocols for a soil geochemical survey of North America. The two transects crossed a wide array of soil parent materials, soil ages, climatic conditions, landforms, land covers and land uses. Sample sites were selected randomly at approximately 40-km intervals from a population defined as all soils of the continent. At each site, soils representing 0 to 5 cm depth, and the O, A, and C horizons, if present, were collected and analyzed for their near-total content of over 40 major and trace elements. Soils from 0–5 cm depth were also collected for analysis of organic compounds. Results from the transects confirm that soil samples collected at a 40-km spacing reveal coherent, continental- to subcontinental-scale geochemical and mineralogical patterns that can be correlated to aspects of underlying soil parent material, soil age and climate influence. The geochemical data also demonstrate that at the continental-scale the dominance of any of these major factors that control soil geochemistry can change across the landscape. Along both transects, soil mineralogy and geochemistry change abruptly with changes in soil parent materials. However, the chemical influence of a soil’s parent material can be obscured by changing climatic conditions. For the transects, increasing precipitation from west to east and increasing temperature from north to south affect both soil mineralogy and geochemistry because of climate effects on soil weathering and leaching, and plant productivity. Regional anomalous metal concentrations can be linked to natural variations in soil parent materials, such as high Ni and Cr in soils developed on ultramafic rocks in California or high P in soils formed on weathered Ordovician limestones in central Kentucky. On local scales, anomalous metal concentrations recognized in soil profiles, such as high P in soils from animal confinement sites, are consistent with local anthropogenic disturbances. At a larger scale, the distribution of Hg across the west to east transect demonstrates that it can be difficult to distinguish between natural or anthropogenic contributions and that many factors can contribute to an element’s spatial distribution.\n\nOnly three samples in a subset of seventy-three 0–5 cm depth soil samples from the north to south transect had organochlorine pesticides values above the method detection limit, apparently related to historic usage of the pesticides DDT and dieldrin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.009","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Woodruff, L.G., Cannon, W., Eberl, D.D., Smith, D.B., Kilburn, J., Horton, J., Garrett, R.G., and Klassen, R., 2009, Continental-scale patterns in soil geochemistry and mineralogy: results from two transects across the United States and Canada: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1369-1381, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.009.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1369","endPage":"1381","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217522,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.009"},{"id":245475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States;Canada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,83.1 ], [ -52.6,83.1 ], [ -52.6,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa51e4b0c8380cd4da45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodruff, L. G.","contributorId":46999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, W.F. 0000-0002-2699-8118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":70382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"W.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kilburn, J.E.","contributorId":42205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilburn","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Horton, J.D. 0000-0003-2969-9073","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-9073","contributorId":85710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Garrett, R. G.","contributorId":93929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Klassen, R.A.","contributorId":60803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klassen","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70037009,"text":"70037009 - 2009 - Contrasting residence times and fluxes of water and sulfate in two small forested watersheds in Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:11:25","indexId":"70037009","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contrasting residence times and fluxes of water and sulfate in two small forested watersheds in Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"Watershed mass balances for solutes of atmospheric origin may be complicated by the residence times of water and solutes at various time scales. In two small forested headwater catchments in the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia, USA, mean annual export rates of SO4= differ by a factor of 2, and seasonal variations in SO4= concentrations in atmospheric deposition and stream water are out of phase. These features were investigated by comparing 3H, 35S, δ34S, δ2H, δ18O, δ3He, CFC-12, SF6, and chemical analyses of open deposition, throughfall, stream water, and spring water. The concentrations of SO4= and radioactive 35S were about twice as high in throughfall as in open deposition, but the weighted composite values of 35S/S (11.1 and 12.1 × 10− 15) and δ34S (+ 3.8 and + 4.1‰) were similar. In both streams (Shelter Run, Mill Run), 3H concentrations and δ34S values during high flow were similar to those of modern deposition, δ2H and δ18O values exhibited damped seasonal variations, and 35S/S ratios (0–3 × 10− 15) were low throughout the year, indicating inter-seasonal to inter-annual storage and release of atmospheric SO4= in both watersheds. In the Mill Run watershed, 3H concentrations in stream base flow (10–13 TU) were consistent with relatively young groundwater discharge, most δ34S values were approximately the same as the modern atmospheric deposition values, and the annual export rate of SO4= was equal to or slightly greater than the modern deposition rate. In the Shelter Run watershed, 3H concentrations in stream base flow (1–3 TU) indicate that much of the discharging ground water had been deposited prior to the onset of atmospheric nuclear bomb testing in the 1950s, base flow δ34S values (+ 1.6‰) were significantly lower than the modern deposition values, and the annual export rate of SO4= was less than the modern deposition rate. Concentrations of 3H and 35S in Shelter Run base flow, and of 3H, 3He, CFC-12, SF6, and 35S in a spring discharging to Shelter Run, all were consistent with a bimodal distribution of discharging ground-water ages with approximately 5–20% less than a few years old and 75–95% more than 40 years old. These results provide evidence for 3 important time-scales of SO4= transport through the watersheds: (1) short-term (weekly to monthly) storage and release of dry deposition in the forest canopy between precipitation events; (2) mid-term (seasonal to interannual) cycles in net storage in the near-surface environment, and (3) long-term (decadal to centennial) storage in deep ground water that appears to be related to relatively low SO4= concentrations in spring discharge that dominates Shelter Run base flow. It is possible that the relatively low concentrations and low δ34S values of SO4= in spring discharge and Shelter Run base flow may reflect those of atmospheric deposition before the middle of the 20th century. In addition to storage in soils and biota, variations in ground-water residence times at a wide range of time scales may have important effects on monitoring, modeling, and predicting watershed responses to changing atmospheric deposition in small watersheds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.02.007","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Böhlke, J., and Michel, R.L., 2009, Contrasting residence times and fluxes of water and sulfate in two small forested watersheds in Virginia, USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 407, no. 14, p. 4363-4377, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.02.007.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"4363","endPage":"4377","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217301,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.02.007"}],"volume":"407","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa7be4b0c8380cd4db08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034266,"text":"70034266 - 2009 - Assigning land use to supply wells for the statistical characterization of regional groundwater quality: Correlating urban land use and VOC occurrence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T08:47:04","indexId":"70034266","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assigning land use to supply wells for the statistical characterization of regional groundwater quality: Correlating urban land use and VOC occurrence","docAbstract":"Many national and regional groundwater studies have correlated land use \"near\" a well, often using a 500 m radius circle, with water quality. However, the use of a 500 m circle may seem counterintuitive given that contributing areas are expected to extend up-gradient from wells, and not be circular in shape. The objective of this study was to evaluate if a 500 m circle is adequate for assigning land use to a well for the statistical correlation between urban land use and the occurrence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Land use and VOC data came from 277 supply wells in four study areas in California. Land use was computed using ten different-sized circles and wedges (250 m to 10 km in radius), and three different-sized \"searchlights\" (1-2 km in length). We define these shapes as contributing area surrogates (CASs), recognizing that a simple shape is at best a surrogate for the actual contributing area. The presence or absence of correlation between land use and the occurrence of VOCs was evaluated using Kendall's tau (??). Values of ?? were within 10% of one another for wedges and circles ranging in size from 500 m to 2 km, with correlations remaining statistically significant (p < 0.05) for all CAS sizes and shapes, suggesting that a 500 m circular CAS is adequate for assigning land use to a well. Additional evaluation indicated that urban land use is autocorrelated at distances ranging from 8 to 36 km. Thus, urban land use in a 500 m CAS is likely to be predictive of urban land use in the actual contributing area.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.056","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Johnson, T., and Belitz, K., 2009, Assigning land use to supply wells for the statistical characterization of regional groundwater quality: Correlating urban land use and VOC occurrence: Journal of Hydrology, v. 370, no. 1-4, p. 100-108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.056.","startPage":"100","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216882,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.056"}],"volume":"370","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee8be4b0c8380cd49dea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, T.D.","contributorId":32744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, K. 0000-0003-4481-2345","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":10164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036024,"text":"70036024 - 2009 - Oxygen and hydrogen isotope fractionation in serpentine-water and talc-water systems from 250 to 450 °C, 50 MPa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-30T15:18:45","indexId":"70036024","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen and hydrogen isotope fractionation in serpentine-water and talc-water systems from 250 to 450 °C, 50 MPa","docAbstract":"Oxygen and hydrogen isotope fractionation factors in the talc–water and serpentine–water systems have been determined by laboratory experiment from 250 to 450 °C at 50 MPa using the partial exchange technique. Talc was synthesized from brucite + quartz, resulting in nearly 100% exchange during reaction at 350 and 450 °C. For serpentine, D–H exchange was much more rapid than 18O–16O exchange when natural chrysotile fibers were employed in the initial charge. In experiments with lizardite as the starting charge, recrystallization to chrysotile enhanced the rate of 18O–16O exchange with the coexisting aqueous phase. Oxygen isotope fractionation factors in both the talc–water and serpentine–water systems decrease with increasing temperature and can be described from 250 to 450 °C by the relationships: 1000 ln ![\"View](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0016703709004992-si1.gif\" "\\"View")
= 11.70 × 106/T2 − 25.49 × 103/T + 12.48 and 1000 ln ![\"View](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0016703709004992-si2.gif\" "\\"View")
= 3.49 × 106/T2 − 9.48 where T is temperature in Kelvin. Over the same temperature interval at 50 MPa, talc–water D–H fractionation is only weakly dependent on temperature, similar to brucite and chlorite, and can be described by the equation: 1000 ln ![\"View](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0016703709004992-si3.gif\" "\\"View")
= 10.88 × 106/T2 − 41.52 × 103/T + 5.61 where T is temperature in Kelvin. Our D–H serpentine–water fractionation factors calibrated by experiment decrease with temperature and form a consistent trend with fractionation factors derived from lower temperature field calibrations. By regression of these data, we have refined and extended the D–H fractionation curve from 25 to 450 °C, 50 MPa as follows: 1000 ln ![\"View](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0016703709004992-si4.gif\" "\\"View")
= 3.436 × 106/T2 − 34.736 × 103/T + 21.67 where T is temperature in Kelvin. These new data should improve the application of D–H and 18O–16O isotopes to constrain the temperature and origin of hydrothermal fluids responsible for serpentine formation in a variety of geologic settings.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2009.07.036","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Saccocia, P.J., Seewald, J.S., and Shanks, W.C., 2009, Oxygen and hydrogen isotope fractionation in serpentine-water and talc-water systems from 250 to 450 °C, 50 MPa: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 73, no. 22, p. 6789-6804, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.07.036.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"6789","endPage":"6804","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476439,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/3160","text":"External Repository"},{"id":246616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218590,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.07.036"}],"volume":"73","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7280e4b0c8380cd76b2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saccocia, Peter J.","contributorId":75297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saccocia","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seewald, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":16596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seewald","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036894,"text":"70036894 - 2009 - Satellite-marked waterfowl reveal migratory connection between H5N1 outbreak areas in China and Mongolia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T11:44:34","indexId":"70036894","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite-marked waterfowl reveal migratory connection between H5N1 outbreak areas in China and Mongolia","docAbstract":"The role of wild birds in the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 has been greatly debated and remains an unresolved question. However, analyses to determine involvement of wild birds have been hindered by the lack of basic information on their movements in central Asia. Thus, we initiated a programme to document migrations of waterfowl in Asian flyways to inform hypotheses of H5N1 transmission. As part of this work, we studied migration of waterfowl from Qinghai Lake, China, site of the 2005 H5N1 outbreak in wild birds. We examined the null hypothesis that no direct migratory connection existed between Qinghai Lake and H5N1 outbreak areas in central Mongolia, as suggested by some H5N1 phylogeny studies. We captured individuals in 2007 from two of the species that died in the Qinghai Lake outbreaks and marked them with GPS satellite transmitters: Bar-headed Geese Anser indicus (n = 14) and Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea (n = 11). Three of 25 marked birds (one Goose and two Shelducks) migrated to breeding grounds near H5N1 outbreak areas in Mongolia. Our results describe a previously unknown migratory link between the two regions and offer new critical information on migratory movements in the region. ?? 2009 British Ornithologists' Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ibis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1474-919X.2009.00932.x","issn":"00191019","usgsCitation":"Prosser, D., Takekawa, J.Y., Newman, S.H., Yan, B., Douglas, D., Hou, Y., Xing, Z., Zhang, D., Li, T., Li, Y., Zhao, D., Perry, W., and Palm, E., 2009, Satellite-marked waterfowl reveal migratory connection between H5N1 outbreak areas in China and Mongolia: Ibis, v. 151, no. 3, p. 568-576, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2009.00932.x.","startPage":"568","endPage":"576","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217748,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2009.00932.x"}],"volume":"151","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b86f3e4b08c986b316209","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prosser, D.J. 0000-0002-5251-1799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":65185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newman, S. H.","contributorId":21888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newman","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yan, B.","contributorId":11739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yan","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hou, Y.","contributorId":98438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hou","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Xing, Z.","contributorId":31089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xing","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zhang, Dongxiao","contributorId":26409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Dongxiao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Li, T.","contributorId":84993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Li, Y.","contributorId":41394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Zhao, D.","contributorId":28834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhao","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Perry, W.M.","contributorId":15949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"W.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Palm, E.C.","contributorId":40708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palm","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70037095,"text":"70037095 - 2009 - Feldspar dissolution rates in the Topopah Spring Tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-30T12:18:54.305609","indexId":"70037095","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feldspar dissolution rates in the Topopah Spring Tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Two different field-based methods are used here to calculate feldspar dissolution rates in the Topopah Spring Tuff, the host rock for the proposed nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The center of the tuff is a high silica rhyolite, consisting largely of alkali feldspar (∼60 wt%) and quartz polymorphs (∼35 wt%) that formed by devitrification of rhyolitic glass as the tuff cooled. First, the abundance of secondary aluminosilicates is used to estimate the cumulative amount of feldspar dissolution over the history of the tuff, and an ambient dissolution rate is calculated by using the estimated thermal history. Second, the feldspar dissolution rate is calculated by using measured Sr isotope compositions for the pore water and rock. Pore waters display systematic changes in Sr isotopic composition with depth that are caused by feldspar dissolution. The range in dissolution rates determined from secondary mineral abundances varies from 10−16 to 10−17 mol s−1 kg tuff−1 with the largest uncertainty being the effect of the early thermal history of the tuff. Dissolution rates based on pore water Sr isotopic data were calculated by treating percolation flux parametrically, and vary from 10−15 to 10−16 mol s−1 kg tuff−1 for percolation fluxes of 15 mm a−1 and 1 mm a−1, respectively. Reconciling the rates from the two methods requires that percolation fluxes at the sampled locations be a few mm a−1 or less. The calculated feldspar dissolution rates are low relative to other measured field-based feldspar dissolution rates, possibly due to the age (12.8 Ma) of the unsaturated system at Yucca Mountain; because oxidizing and organic-poor conditions limit biological activity; and/or because elevated silica concentrations in the pore waters (∼50 mg L−1) may inhibit feldspar dissolution.
Large amounts of limestone fines co-produced during the processing of crushed limestone may be useful in the sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2). Accelerated weathering of limestone (AWL) is proposed as a low-tech method to capture and sequester CO2 from fossil fuel-fired power plants and other point sources such as cement manufacturing. AWL reactants are readily available, inexpensive and environmentally benign. Waste CO2 is hydrated with water to produce carbonic acid. This reacts with and is neutralized by limestone fines, thus converting CO2 gas to dissolved calcium bicarbonate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration","issn":"00265187","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., San Juan, C.A., Rau, G.H., and Caldeira, K., 2009, Accelerated weathering of limestone for CO2 mitigation: Opportunities for the stone and cement industries: Mining Engineering, v. 61, no. 2, p. 27-32.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243965,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e667e4b0c8380cd473d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, William H. blanger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"William","email":"blanger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":453238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"San Juan, Carma A. 0000-0002-9151-1919 csanjuan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9151-1919","contributorId":1146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"San Juan","given":"Carma","email":"csanjuan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rau, Greg H.","contributorId":78963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rau","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":453240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caldeira, Ken","contributorId":12287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldeira","given":"Ken","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036021,"text":"70036021 - 2009 - The Adopt-a-Herring program as a fisheries conservation tool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-29T20:42:24.522309","indexId":"70036021","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Adopt-a-Herring program as a fisheries conservation tool","docAbstract":"Successful conservation depends on a scientifically literate public. We developed the adopt-a-Herring program to educate nonscientists about fisheries and watershed restoration. this interactive educational and outreach project encouraged coastal residents to be involved in local watershed restoration. In the northeastern United States, river herring (Alosa spp.) are an important component of many coastal watersheds and often are the object of conservation efforts. In order to understand river herring spawning behavior and to improve the effectiveness of restoration efforts, our research tracked these fish via radiotelemetry in the Ipswich River, Massachusetts. In our adopt-a-Herring Program, participating stakeholder organizations adopted and named individual tagged river herring and followed their movements online. We also made information available to our adopters on our larger research goals, the mission and activities of other research and management agencies, examples of human actions that adversely affect watersheds, and opportunities for proactive conservation. Research results were communicated to adopters through our project web page and end-of-the-season summary presentations. Both tools cultivated a personal interest in river herring, stimulated discussion about fisheries and watershed restoration, educated participants about the goals and methods of scientists in general, and initiated critical thinking about human activities that advance or impede sustainability.
","language":"English, Spanish","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446-34.10.496","issn":"03632415","usgsCitation":"Frank, H.J., Mather, M.E., Muth, R.M., Pautzke, S.M., Smith, J.M., and Finn, J.T., 2009, The Adopt-a-Herring program as a fisheries conservation tool: Fisheries, v. 34, no. 10, p. 496-507, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446-34.10.496.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"496","endPage":"507","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502552,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.umass.edu/mie_faculty_pubs/315","text":"External Repository"},{"id":246558,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Ipswich River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.83847045898438,\n 42.673664426103315\n ],\n [\n -70.78250885009766,\n 42.69095278346417\n ],\n [\n -70.79143524169922,\n 42.69946900068995\n ],\n [\n -70.82121849060059,\n 42.6910158708481\n ],\n [\n -70.83958625793456,\n 42.679659109427156\n ],\n [\n -70.83864212036133,\n 42.673348900435464\n ],\n [\n -70.83847045898438,\n 42.673664426103315\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba65ce4b08c986b3210a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frank, Holly J.","contributorId":86605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mather, Martha E. 0000-0003-3027-0215 mather@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3027-0215","contributorId":2580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mather","given":"Martha","email":"mather@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muth, Robert M.","contributorId":41682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muth","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pautzke, Sarah M.","contributorId":12301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pautzke","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Joseph M.","contributorId":106712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17855,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":453654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Finn, John T.","contributorId":78302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037096,"text":"70037096 - 2009 - Physical modeling of river spanning rock structures: Evaluating interstitial flow, local hydraulics, downstream scour development, and structure stability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037096","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Physical modeling of river spanning rock structures: Evaluating interstitial flow, local hydraulics, downstream scour development, and structure stability","docAbstract":"Rock weir and ramp structures uniquely serve a necessary role in river management: to meet water deliveries in an ecologically sound manner. Uses include functioning as low head diversion dams, permitting fish passage, creating habitat diversity, and stabilizing stream banks and profiles. Existing information on design and performance of in-stream rock structures does not provide the guidance necessary to implement repeatable and sustainable construction and retrofit techniques. As widespread use of rock structures increases, the need for reliable design methods with a broad range of applicability at individual sites grows as well. Rigorous laboratory testing programs were implemented at the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) and at Colorado State University (CSU) as part of a multifaceted research project focused on expanding the current knowledge base and developing design methods to improve the success rate of river spanning rock structures in meeting project goals. Physical modeling at Reclamation is being used to measure, predict, and reduce interstitial flow through rock ramps. CSU is using physical testing to quantify and predict scour development downstream of rock weirs and its impact on the stability of rock structures. ?? 2009 ASCE.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers","conferenceTitle":"World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers","conferenceDate":"17 May 2009 through 21 May 2009","conferenceLocation":"Kansas City, MO","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/41036(342)345","isbn":"9780784410363","usgsCitation":"Collins, K., Thornton, C., Mefford, B., and Holmquist-Johnson, C.L., 2009, Physical modeling of river spanning rock structures: Evaluating interstitial flow, local hydraulics, downstream scour development, and structure stability, in Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers, v. 342, Kansas City, MO, 17 May 2009 through 21 May 2009, p. 3419-3431, https://doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)345.","startPage":"3419","endPage":"3431","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217247,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)345"},{"id":245177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"342","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ab1e4b0c8380cd7904b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, K.L.","contributorId":24201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thornton, C.I.","contributorId":25388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornton","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mefford, B.","contributorId":104312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mefford","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holmquist-Johnson, C. L.","contributorId":72615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmquist-Johnson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037097,"text":"70037097 - 2009 - A historical perspective on the \"fish tumors or other deformities\" beneficial use impairment at Great Lakes Areas of Concern","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-08T08:48:28","indexId":"70037097","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A historical perspective on the \"fish tumors or other deformities\" beneficial use impairment at Great Lakes Areas of Concern","docAbstract":"The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement defines Areas of Concern as geographic areas that fail to meet the general or specific objectives of the agreement where such failure has caused or is likely to cause impairment of beneficial use of the area's ability to support aquatic life. One of the beneficial use impairments, fish tumors or other deformities, is defined by the International Joint Commission to occur when the incidence rate of fish tumors and other deformities exceeds rates at unimpacted or control sites, or when survey data confirm the presence of neoplastic or preneoplastic liver tumors in bullhead or suckers. Brown bullhead, a benthic species with a limited home range, have frequently been used as indicator species in U.S. Areas of Concern. While there is strong field evidence for an association between PAH exposure and hepatic neoplasia in brown bullhead, laboratory investigations would strengthen the association. There is less evidence linking specific classes of chemicals in the environment to orocutaneous neoplasia in brown bullhead. Studies on orocutaneous neoplasia of brown bullhead should focus on assessing the presence or absence of viruses and on epidermal exposure to specific chemicals and chemical mixtures. Lastly, the effects of covariates such as length, age, and gender on the prevalence of liver and skin neoplasms should be investigated. This paper reviews the state of science on the fish tumors or other deformities beneficial use impairment. Subsequent papers address specific issues related to this impairment and provide recommendations for standardized criteria.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2009.07.005","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Rafferty, S., Blazer, V., Pinkney, A., Grazio, J., Obert, E., and Boughton, L., 2009, A historical perspective on the \"fish tumors or other deformities\" beneficial use impairment at Great Lakes Areas of Concern: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 35, no. 4, p. 496-506, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.07.005.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"496","endPage":"506","costCenters":[{"id":418,"text":"National Fish Health Research Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217277,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.07.005"},{"id":245210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e421e4b0c8380cd46424","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rafferty, S.D.","contributorId":28453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafferty","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pinkney, A.E.","contributorId":87501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinkney","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grazio, J.L.","contributorId":64485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grazio","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Obert, E.C.","contributorId":38808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obert","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boughton, L.","contributorId":23364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boughton","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032458,"text":"70032458 - 2009 - Turbulent stresses and secondary currents in a tidal-forced channel with significant curvature and asymmetric bed forms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T17:29:25.087434","indexId":"70032458","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Turbulent stresses and secondary currents in a tidal-forced channel with significant curvature and asymmetric bed forms","docAbstract":"Acoustic Doppler current profilers are deployed to measure both the mean flow and turbulent properties in a channel with significant curvature. Direct measurements of the Reynolds stress show a significant asymmetry over the tidal cycle where stresses are enhanced during the flood tide and less prominent over the ebb tide. This asymmetry is corroborated by logarithmic fits using 10min\">10min10min averaged velocity data. A smaller yet similar tendency asymmetry in drag coefficient is inferred by fitting the velocity and estimated large-scale pressure gradient to a one-dimensional along-channel momentum balance. This smaller asymmetry is consistent with recent modeling work simulating regional flows in the vicinity of the study site. The asymmetry in drag suggests the importance of previously reported bed forms for this channel and demonstrates spatial and temporarily variations in bed stress. Secondary circulation patterns observed in a relatively straight section of channel appear driven by local curvature rather than being remotely forced by the regions of significant curvature only a few hundred meters from the measurement site.
Flow path delineation is a valuable tool for interpreting the subsurface hydrogeochemical environment. Different types of data, such as groundwater flow and transport, inform different aspects of hydrogeologic parameter values (hydraulic conductivity in this case) which, in turn, determine flow paths. This work combines flow and transport information to estimate a unified set of hydrogeologic parameters using the Bayesian geostatistical inverse approach. Parameter flexibility is allowed by using a highly parameterized approach with the level of complexity informed by the data. Despite the effort to adhere to the ideal of minimal a priori structure imposed on the problem, extreme contrasts in parameters can result in the need to censor correlation across hydrostratigraphic bounding surfaces. These partitions segregate parameters into facies associations. With an iterative approach in which partitions are based on inspection of initial estimates, flow path interpretation is progressively refined through the inclusion of more types of data. Head observations, stable oxygen isotopes (18O/16O ratios), and tritium are all used to progressively refine flow path delineation on an isthmus between two lakes in the Trout Lake watershed, northern Wisconsin, United States. Despite allowing significant parameter freedom by estimating many distributed parameter values, a smooth field is obtained.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR007431","usgsCitation":"Fienen, M., Hunt, R., Krabbenhoft, D., and Clemo, T., 2009, Obtaining parsimonious hydraulic conductivity fields using head and transport observations: A Bayesian geostatistical parameter estimation approach: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 8, W08405; 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007431.","productDescription":"W08405; 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476157,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr007431","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b0fe4b0c8380cd744cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":105948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, R.","contributorId":101080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D.","contributorId":84106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clemo, T.","contributorId":82952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clemo","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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