Umbrella species are typically chosen because they are expected to confer protection for other species assumed to have similar ecological requirements. Despite its popularity and substantial history, the value of the umbrella species concept has come into question because umbrella species chosen using heuristic methods, such as body or home range size, are not acting as adequate proxies for the metrics of interest: species richness or population abundance in a multi-species community for which protection is sought. How species associate with habitat across ecological scales has important implications for understanding population size and species richness, and therefore may be a better proxy for choosing an umbrella species. We determined the spatial scales of ecological neighborhoods important for predicting abundance of 8 potential umbrella species breeding in Nebraska using Bayesian latent indicator scale selection in N-mixture models accounting for imperfect detection. We compare the conservation value measured as collective avian abundance under different umbrella species selected following commonly used criteria and selected based on identifying spatial land cover characteristics within ecological neighborhoods that maximize collective abundance. Using traditional criteria to select an umbrella species resulted in sub-maximal expected collective abundance in 86% of cases compared to selecting an umbrella species based on land cover characteristics that maximized collective abundance directly. We conclude that directly assessing the expected quantitative outcomes, rather than ecological proxies, is likely the most efficient method to maximize the potential for conservation success under the umbrella species concept.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2018.04.026","usgsCitation":"Stuber, E.F., and Fontaine, J.J., 2018, Ecological neighborhoods as a framework for umbrella species selection: Biological Conservation, v. 223, p. 112-119, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.04.026.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"112","endPage":"119","ipdsId":"IP-088708","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354228,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"223","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6bbe4b0da30c1bfbd7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuber, Erica F.","contributorId":198581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stuber","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fontaine, Joseph J. 0000-0002-7639-9156 jfontaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7639-9156","contributorId":3820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fontaine","given":"Joseph","email":"jfontaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70197089,"text":"70197089 - 2018 - Effects of turbidity, sediment, and polyacrylamide on native freshwater mussels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-04T15:59:11","indexId":"70197089","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of turbidity, sediment, and polyacrylamide on native freshwater mussels","docAbstract":"Turbidity is a ubiquitous pollutant adversely affecting water quality and aquatic life in waterways globally. Anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) is widely used as an effective chemical flocculent to reduce suspended sediment (SS) and turbidity. However, no information exists on the toxicity of PAM‐flocculated sediments to imperiled, but ecologically important, freshwater mussels (Unionidae). Thus, we conducted acute (96 h) and chronic (24 day) laboratory tests with juvenile fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea) and three exposure conditions (nonflocculated settled sediment, SS, and PAM‐flocculated settled sediment) over a range of turbidity levels (50, 250, 1,250, and 3,500 nephelometric turbidity units). Survival and sublethal endpoints of protein oxidation, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and protein concentration were used as measures of toxicity. We found no effect of turbidity levels or exposure condition on mussel survival in acute or chronic tests. However, we found significant reductions in protein concentration, ATP production, and oxidized proteins in mussels acutely exposed to the SS condition, which required water movement to maintain sediment in suspension, indicating responses that are symptoms of physiological stress. Our results suggest anionic PAM applied to reduce SS may minimize adverse effects of short‐term turbidity exposure on juvenile freshwater mussels without eliciting additional lethal or sublethal toxicity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12639","usgsCitation":"Buczek, S.B., Cope, W., McLaughlin, R.A., and Kwak, T.J., 2018, Effects of turbidity, sediment, and polyacrylamide on native freshwater mussels: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 54, no. 3, p. 631-643, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12639.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"631","endPage":"643","ipdsId":"IP-091273","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354223,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6bae4b0da30c1bfbd70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buczek, Sean B.","contributorId":200188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buczek","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":33914,"text":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cope, W. Gregory","contributorId":70353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cope","given":"W. Gregory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLaughlin, Richard A.","contributorId":200189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":33914,"text":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kwak, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0616-137X tkwak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-137X","contributorId":834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"Thomas","email":"tkwak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70197085,"text":"70197085 - 2018 - Assessing rockfall susceptibility in steep and overhanging slopes using three-dimensional analysis of failure mechanisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-16T16:11:40","indexId":"70197085","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2604,"text":"Landslides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing rockfall susceptibility in steep and overhanging slopes using three-dimensional analysis of failure mechanisms","docAbstract":"Rockfalls strongly influence the evolution of steep rocky landscapes and represent a significant hazard in mountainous areas. Defining the most probable future rockfall source areas is of primary importance for both geomorphological investigations and hazard assessment. Thus, a need exists to understand which areas of a steep cliff are more likely to be affected by a rockfall. An important analytical gap exists between regional rockfall susceptibility studies and block-specific geomechanical calculations. Here we present methods for quantifying rockfall susceptibility at the cliff scale, which is suitable for sub-regional hazard assessment (hundreds to thousands of square meters). Our methods use three-dimensional point clouds acquired by terrestrial laser scanning to quantify the fracture patterns and compute failure mechanisms for planar, wedge, and toppling failures on vertical and overhanging rock walls. As a part of this work, we developed a rockfall susceptibility index for each type of failure mechanism according to the interaction between the discontinuities and the local cliff orientation. The susceptibility for slope parallel exfoliation-type failures, which are generally hard to identify, is partly captured by planar and toppling susceptibility indexes. We tested the methods for detecting the most susceptible rockfall source areas on two famously steep landscapes, Yosemite Valley (California, USA) and the Drus in the Mont-Blanc massif (France). Our rockfall susceptibility models show good correspondence with active rockfall sources. The methods offer new tools for investigating rockfall hazard and improving our understanding of rockfall processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10346-017-0911-y","usgsCitation":"Matasci, B., Stock, G.M., Jaboyedoff, M., Carrea, D., Collins, B.D., Guerin, A., Matasci, G., and Ravanel, L., 2018, Assessing rockfall susceptibility in steep and overhanging slopes using three-dimensional analysis of failure mechanisms: Landslides, v. 15, no. 5, p. 859-878, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-017-0911-y.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"859","endPage":"878","ipdsId":"IP-088131","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://sde.hal.science/hal-01778413","text":"External Repository"},{"id":354227,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6bbe4b0da30c1bfbd78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matasci, Battista","contributorId":204938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matasci","given":"Battista","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37010,"text":"University of Lausanne, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stock, Greg M.","contributorId":202873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stock","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaboyedoff, Michael","contributorId":204939,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaboyedoff","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37010,"text":"University of Lausanne, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carrea, Dario","contributorId":204940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carrea","given":"Dario","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37010,"text":"University of Lausanne, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Collins, Brian D. 0000-0003-4881-5359 bcollins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4881-5359","contributorId":149278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian","email":"bcollins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Guerin, Antoine","contributorId":204941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guerin","given":"Antoine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37010,"text":"University of Lausanne, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Matasci, G.","contributorId":204942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matasci","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37010,"text":"University of Lausanne, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ravanel, L.","contributorId":204943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ravanel","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37011,"text":"University of Savoie, Chambery, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70197077,"text":"70197077 - 2018 - Imidacloprid sorption and transport in cropland, grass buffer and riparian buffer soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-17T09:48:09","indexId":"70197077","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Imidacloprid sorption and transport in cropland, grass buffer and riparian buffer soils","docAbstract":"An understanding of neonicotinoid sorption and transport in soil is critical for determining and mitigating environmental risk associated with the most widely used class of insecticides. The objective of this study was to evaluate mobility and transport of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid (ICD) in soils collected from cropland, grass vegetative buffer strip (VBS), and riparian VBS soils. Soils were collected at six randomly chosen sites within grids that encompassed all three land uses. Single-point equilibrium batch sorption experiments were conducted using radio-labeled (14C) ICD to determine solid–solution partition coefficients (Kd). Column experiments were conducted using soils collected from the three vegetation treatments at one site by packing soil into glass columns. Water flow was characterized by applying Br− as a nonreactive tracer. A single pulse of 14C-ICD was then applied, and ICD leaching was monitored for up to 45 d. Bromide and ICD breakthrough curves for each column were simulated using CXTFIT and HYDRUS-1D models. Sorption results indicated that ICD sorbs more strongly to riparian VBS (Kd = 22.6 L kg−1) than crop (Kd = 11.3 L kg−1) soils. Soil organic C was the strongest predictor of ICD sorption (p < 0.0001). The column transport study found mean peak concentrations of ICD at 5.83, 10.84, and 23.8 pore volumes for crop, grass VBS, and riparian VBS soils, respectively. HYDRUS-1D results indicated that the two-site, one-rate linear reversible model best described results of the breakthrough curves, indicating the complexity of ICD sorption and demonstrating its mobility in soil. Greater sorption and longer retention by the grass and riparian VBS soils than the cropland soil suggests that VBS may be a viable means to mitigate ICD loss from agroecosystems, thereby preventing ICD transport into surface water, groundwater, or drinking water resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/vzj2017.07.0139","usgsCitation":"Satkowski, L.E., Goyne, K.W., Anderson, S., Lerch, R.N., Allen, C.R., and Snow, D.D., 2018, Imidacloprid sorption and transport in cropland, grass buffer and riparian buffer soils: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 17, no. 1, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2017.07.0139.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-087113","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2017.07.0139","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":354233,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6bbe4b0da30c1bfbd80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Satkowski, Laura E.","contributorId":204930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Satkowski","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goyne, Keith W.","contributorId":204931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goyne","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Stephen H.","contributorId":204932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Stephen H.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lerch, Robert N.","contributorId":204933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lerch","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":37009,"text":"USDA Agricultural Research Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Snow, Daniel D.","contributorId":204934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snow","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70197080,"text":"70197080 - 2018 - Shoal bass hybridization in the Chattahoochee River Basin near Atlanta, Georgia ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-17T09:50:44","indexId":"70197080","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5688,"text":"Journals of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shoal bass hybridization in the Chattahoochee River Basin near Atlanta, Georgia ","docAbstract":"The shoal bass (Micropterus cataractae) is a sportfish endemic to the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint Basin of the southeastern United States. Introgression with several non-native congeners poses a pertinent threat to shoal bass conservation, particularly in the altered habitats of the Chattahoochee River. Our primary objective was to characterize hybridization in shoal bass populations near Atlanta, Georgia, including a population inhabiting Big Creek and another in the main stem Chattahoochee River below Morgan Falls Dam (MFD). A secondary objective was to examine the accuracy of phenotypic identifications below MFD based on a simplified suite of characters examined in the field. Fish were genotyped with 16 microsatellite DNA markers, and results demonstrated that at least four black bass species were involved in introgressive hybridization. Of 62 fish genotyped from Big Creek, 27% were pure shoal bass and 65% represented either F1 hybrids of shoal bass x smallmouth bass (M. dolomieu) or unidirectional backcrosses towards shoal bass. Of 29 fish genotyped below MFD and downstream at Cochran Shoals, 45% were pure shoal bass. Six hybrid shoal bass included both F1 hybrids and backcrosses with non-natives including Alabama bass (M. henshalli), spotted bass (M. punctulatus), and smallmouth bass. Shoal bass alleles comprised only 21% of the overall genomic composition in Big Creek and 31% below MFD (when combined with Cochran Shoals). Phenotypic identification below MFD resulted in an overall correct classification rate of 86% when discerning pure shoal bass from all other non-natives and hybrids. Results suggest that although these two shoal bass populations feature some of the highest introgression rates documented, only a fleeting opportunity may exist to conserve pure shoal bass in both populations. Continued supplemental stocking of pure shoal bass below MFD appears warranted to thwart increased admixture among multiple black bass taxa, and a similar stocking program could benefit the Big Creek population. Further, selective removal of non-natives and hybrids, which appears to be practical with phenotypic identification, may provide increased benefits towards conserving genetic integrity of these shoal bass populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","usgsCitation":"Taylor, A.T., Tringali, M.D., O’Rourke, P.M., and Long, J.M., 2018, Shoal bass hybridization in the Chattahoochee River Basin near Atlanta, Georgia : Journals of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, v. 5, p. 1-9.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","ipdsId":"IP-088373","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354231,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":354212,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.seafwa.org/publications/journal/?id=402092"}],"volume":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6bbe4b0da30c1bfbd7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Andrew T.","contributorId":177197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tringali, Michael D.","contributorId":191189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tringali","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Rourke, Patrick M.","contributorId":204957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Rourke","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70198025,"text":"70198025 - 2018 - Crowding affects health, growth, and behavior in headstart pens for Agassiz's desert tortoise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-16T11:19:51","indexId":"70198025","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1210,"text":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crowding affects health, growth, and behavior in headstart pens for Agassiz's desert tortoise","docAbstract":"Worldwide, scientists have headstarted threatened and endangered reptiles to augment depleted populations. Not all efforts have been successful. For the threatened Agassiz's desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii), one challenge to recovery is poor recruitment of juveniles into adult populations, and this is being addressed through headstart programs. We evaluated 8 cohorts of juvenile desert tortoises from 1 to 8 yrs old in a headstart program at Edwards Air Force Base, California, for health, behavior, and growth. We also examined capacities of the headstart pens. Of 148 juveniles evaluated for health, 99.3% were below a prime condition index; 14.9% were lethargic and unresponsive; 59.5% had protruding spinal columns and associated concave scutes; 29.1% had evidence of ant bites; and 14.2% had moderate to severe injuries to limbs or shell. Lifetime growth rates for juveniles 1–8 yrs of age were approximately two times less than growth rates reported for wild populations. Tortoises in older cohorts had higher growth rates, and models indicated that high density in pens and burrow sharing negatively affected growth rates. Densities of tortoises in pens (205–2042/ha) were 350–3500 times higher than the average density recorded in the wild (< 1/ha) for tortoises of similar sizes. The predominant forage species available to juveniles were alien annual grasses, which are nutritionally inadequate for growth. We conclude that the headstart pens were of inadequate size, likely contained too few shelters, and lacked the necessary biomass of preferred forbs to sustain the existing population. Additional factors to consider for future reptilian headstart pens include vegetative cover, food sources, soil seed banks, and soil composition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Chelonian Research Foundation","doi":"10.2744/CCB-1248.1","usgsCitation":"Mack, J.S., Schneider, H.E., and Berry, K.H., 2018, Crowding affects health, growth, and behavior in headstart pens for Agassiz's desert tortoise: Chelonian Conservation and Biology, v. 17, no. 1, p. 14-26, https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1248.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"26","ipdsId":"IP-052914","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2744/ccb-1248.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":355549,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Los Angeles","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Air Force Base","volume":"17","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b46e584e4b060350a15d1c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mack, Jeremy S. jmack@usgs.gov","contributorId":3851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"Jeremy","email":"jmack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":739720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, Heather E. 0000-0002-1230-8892","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1230-8892","contributorId":206165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schneider","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":739721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berry, Kristin H. 0000-0003-1591-8394 kristin_berry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-8394","contributorId":437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Kristin","email":"kristin_berry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":739688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198759,"text":"70198759 - 2018 - Effects of summer air exposure on the survival of caught-and-released salmonids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T16:02:49","indexId":"70198759","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-15T15:59:23","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of summer air exposure on the survival of caught-and-released salmonids","docAbstract":"Despite the success of catch‐and‐release regulations, exposing fish to air during release has emerged as a growing concern over the past two decades. We evaluated the effect of air exposure during midsummer on survival of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri, Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus, and Rainbow Trout O. mykiss exposed to catch‐and‐release angling. Fish were sampled by angling on Palisades Creek (August 2016), Sawmill Creek, and the Main Fork of the Little Lost River, Idaho (July−August 2017). After capture, fish were kept underwater while they were measured and individually tagged. Anglers, in groups of two to four, caught study fish and gave them an air exposure treatment of 0, 30, or 60 s. Single‐pass backpack electrofishing was then used to recapture tagged fish and estimate relative survival. In total, 328 Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout were sampled (0 s: n = 110; 30 s: n = 110; 60 s: n = 108), 278 Bull Trout (0 s: n = 92; 30 s: n = 94; 60 s: n = 92), and 322 Rainbow Trout (0 s: n = 103; 30 s: n = 106; 60 s: n = 113). The majority of fish were caught using artificial flies (≥92%) and were hooked in the corner of the mouth, lower jaw, or upper jaw (≥78%) in all three species. No difference in survival was observed among air exposure treatments for all three species. Results from the present study along with those from prior field studies of air exposure times during angling suggest that mortality from exposing fish to air for ≤60 s is not likely a population‐level concern in catch‐and‐release fisheries for these species.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10184","usgsCitation":"Roth, C.J., Schill, D.J., Quist, M.C., and High, B., 2018, Effects of summer air exposure on the survival of caught-and-released salmonids: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 38, no. 4, p. 886-895, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10184.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"886","endPage":"895","ipdsId":"IP-093246","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Palisades Creek; Sawmill Creek; Little Lost River","volume":"38","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a2c6e4b0702d0e842fe0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roth, Curtis J.","contributorId":204937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roth","given":"Curtis","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schill, Daniel J.","contributorId":195886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schill","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quist, Michael C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":207142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"Michael","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"High, Brett","contributorId":207143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"High","given":"Brett","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37459,"text":"Idaha Fish and Game Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70198754,"text":"70198754 - 2018 - A guide to Bayesian model checking for ecologists","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T09:32:56","indexId":"70198754","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-15T09:51:01","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A guide to Bayesian model checking for ecologists","docAbstract":"Checking that models adequately represent data is an essential component of applied statistical inference. Ecologists increasingly use hierarchical Bayesian statistical models in their research. The appeal of this modeling paradigm is undeniable, as researchers can build and fit models that embody complex ecological processes while simultaneously accounting for observation error. However, ecologists tend to be less focused on checking model assumptions and assessing potential lack of fit when applying Bayesian methods than when applying more traditional modes of inference such as maximum likelihood. There are also multiple ways of assessing the fit of Bayesian models, each of which has strengths and weaknesses. For instance, Bayesian P values are relatively easy to compute, but are well known to be conservative, producing P values biased toward 0.5. Alternatively, lesser known approaches to model checking, such as prior predictive checks, cross‐validation probability integral transforms, and pivot discrepancy measures may produce more accurate characterizations of goodness‐of‐fit but are not as well known to ecologists. In addition, a suite of visual and targeted diagnostics can be used to examine violations of different model assumptions and lack of fit at different levels of the modeling hierarchy, and to check for residual temporal or spatial autocorrelation. In this review, we synthesize existing literature to guide ecologists through the many available options for Bayesian model checking. We illustrate methods and procedures with several ecological case studies including (1) analysis of simulated spatiotemporal count data, (2) N‐mixture models for estimating abundance of sea otters from an aircraft, and (3) hidden Markov modeling to describe attendance patterns of California sea lion mothers on a rookery. We find that commonly used procedures based on posterior predictive P values detect extreme model inadequacy, but often do not detect more subtle cases of lack of fit. Tests based on cross‐validation and pivot discrepancy measures (including the “sampled predictive P value”) appear to be better suited to model checking and to have better overall statistical performance. We conclude that model checking is necessary to ensure that scientific inference is well founded. As an essential component of scientific discovery, it should accompany most Bayesian analyses presented in the literature.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecm.1314","usgsCitation":"Conn, P.B., Johnson, D., Williams, P.J., Melin, S.R., and Hooten, M., 2018, A guide to Bayesian model checking for ecologists: Ecological Monographs, v. 88, no. 4, p. 526-542, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1314.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"526","endPage":"542","ipdsId":"IP-091408","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356616,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a2c6e4b0702d0e842fe2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conn, Paul B.","contributorId":87440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conn","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Devin S.","contributorId":47524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Devin S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Perry J.","contributorId":169058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Perry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":25400,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":743050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melin, Sharon R.","contributorId":147080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melin","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6578,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA 98112, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":743051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hooten, Mevin 0000-0002-1614-723X mhooten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":2958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"mhooten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12963,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70197047,"text":"70197047 - 2018 - Carboniferous climate teleconnections archived in coupled bioapatite δ18OPO4 and 87Sr/86Sr records from the epicontinental Donets Basin, Ukraine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-15T15:58:06","indexId":"70197047","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Carboniferous climate teleconnections archived in coupled bioapatite δ18OPO4 and 87Sr/86Sr records from the epicontinental Donets Basin, Ukraine","title":"Carboniferous climate teleconnections archived in coupled bioapatite δ18OPO4 and 87Sr/86Sr records from the epicontinental Donets Basin, Ukraine","docAbstract":"Reconstructions of paleo-seawater chemistry are largely inferred from biogenic records of epicontinental seas. Recent studies provide considerable evidence for large-scale spatial and temporal variability in the environmental dynamics of these semi-restricted seas that leads to the decoupling of epicontinental isotopic records from those of the open ocean. We present conodont apatite δ18OPO4 and 87Sr/86Sr records spanning 24 Myr of the late Mississippian through Pennsylvanian derived from the U–Pb calibrated cyclothemic succession of the Donets Basin, eastern Ukraine. On a 2 to 6 Myr-scale, systematic fluctuations in bioapatite δ18OPO4 and 87Sr/86Sr broadly follow major shifts in the Donets onlap–offlap history and inferred regional climate, but are distinct from contemporaneous more open-water δ18OPO4 and global seawater Sr isotope trends.
A −1 to −6‰ offset in Donets δ18OPO4 values from those of more open-water conodonts and greater temporal variability in δ18OPO4 and 87Sr/86Sr records are interpreted to primarily record climatically driven changes in local environmental processes in the Donets sea. Systematic isotopic shifts associated with Myr-scale sea-level fluctuations, however, indicate an extrabasinal driver. We propose a mechanistic link to glacioeustasy through a teleconnection between high-latitude ice changes and atmospheric pCO2 and regional monsoonal circulation in the Donets region. Inferred large-magnitude changes in Donets seawater salinity and temperature, not archived in the more open-water or global contemporaneous records, indicate a modification of the global climate signal in the epicontinental sea through amplification or dampening of the climate signal by local and regional environmental processes. This finding of global climate change filtered through local processes has implications for the use of conodont δ18OPO4 and 87Sr/86Sr values as proxies of paleo-seawater composition, mean temperature, and glacioeustasy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2018.03.051","usgsCitation":"Montanez, I.P., Osleger, D.J., Chen, J., Wortham, B.E., Stamm, R.G., Nemyrovska, T.I., Griffin, J.M., Poletaev, V.I., and Wardlaw, B.R., 2018, Carboniferous climate teleconnections archived in coupled bioapatite δ18OPO4 and 87Sr/86Sr records from the epicontinental Donets Basin, Ukraine: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 492, p. 89-101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.03.051.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"101","ipdsId":"IP-090058","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.03.051","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":354190,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ukraine","otherGeospatial":"Donets Basin","volume":"492","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6bbe4b0da30c1bfbd82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montanez, Isabel P.","contributorId":204886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montanez","given":"Isabel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37004,"text":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osleger, Dillon J.","contributorId":204887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osleger","given":"Dillon","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37004,"text":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chen, J.-H.","contributorId":203812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"J.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36211,"text":"GFDL/NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wortham, Barbara E.","contributorId":204904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wortham","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stamm, Robert G. 0000-0001-9141-5364","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9141-5364","contributorId":204885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamm","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":735364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nemyrovska, Tamara I.","contributorId":204888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nemyrovska","given":"Tamara","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37005,"text":"Department of Paleontology and Stratigraphy, Institute of Geological Science, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Griffin, Julie M.","contributorId":204889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Griffin","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37004,"text":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Poletaev, Vladislav I.","contributorId":204890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poletaev","given":"Vladislav","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37005,"text":"Department of Paleontology and Stratigraphy, Institute of Geological Science, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wardlaw, Bruce R. bwardlaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"Bruce","email":"bwardlaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70194960,"text":"ofr20181006 - 2018 - Science support for evaluating natural recovery of polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in fish from Crab Orchard Lake, Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T07:56:39","indexId":"ofr20181006","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1006","title":"Science support for evaluating natural recovery of polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in fish from Crab Orchard Lake, Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge, Illinois","docAbstract":"Crab Orchard Lake in southern Illinois is one of the largest and most popular recreational lakes in the state. Construction of the nearly 7,000-acre reservoir in the late 1930s created employment opportunities through the Works Progress Administration, and the lake itself was intended to supply water, control flooding, and provide recreational opportunities for local communities (Stall, 1954). In 1942, the Department of War appropriated or purchased more than 20,000 acres of land around Crab Orchard Lake and constructed the Illinois Ordnance Plant, which manufactured bombs and anti-tank mines during World War II. After the war, an Act of Congress transferred the property to the U.S. Department of the Interior. Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge was established on August 5, 1947, for the joint purposes of wildlife conservation, agriculture, recreation, and industry. Production of explosives continued, but new industries also moved onsite. More than 200 tenants have held leases with Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge and have operated a variety of manufacturing plants (electrical components, plated metal parts, ink, machined parts, painted products, and boats) on-site. Soils, water, and sediments in several areas of the refuge were contaminated with hazardous substances from handling and disposal methods that are no longer acceptable environmental practice (for example, direct discharge to surface water, use of unlined landfills).
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination at the refuge was identified in the 1970s, and a PCB-based fish-consumption advisory has been in effect since 1988 for Crab Orchard Lake. The present advisory covers common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus); see Illinois Department of Public Health (2017). Some of the most contaminated areas of the refuge were actively remediated, and natural ecosystem recovery processes are expected to further reduce residual PCB concentrations in the lake. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service sought technical support to understand environmental drivers of current (2017) PCB residues in fish tissue and patterns in PCB residues through time to inform the fish-consumption advisory for Crab Orchard Lake. This project is planned in two phases (Tasks 1 and 2); the first phase is included in this report.
When Task 1 and Task 2 are complete, resource managers will have (a) a synthesis of existing literature that characterizes the processes influencing the fate of residual PCBs remaining in systems such as Crab Orchard Lake, (b) a summary of natural PCB attenuation processes for use in risk communication with the public, and (c) a summary of existing data on PCBs in fish tissues from Crab Orchard Lake, including exploratory plots of tissue residues through time. Overall, this project will provide data to help resource managers better understand the ecological and public health consequences of residual PCBs in Crab Orchard Lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181006","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Kunz, B.K., Hinck, J.E., Calfee, R.D., Linder, G.L., and Little, E.E., 2017, Science support for evaluating natural recovery of polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in fish from Crab Orchard Lake, Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1006, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181006.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-084872","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353853,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1006/ofr20181006.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018–1006"},{"id":353852,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1006/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","otherGeospatial":"Crab Orchard Lake, Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.025,\n 37.6833\n ],\n [\n -89.0083,\n 37.6833\n ],\n [\n -89.0083,\n 37.6958\n ],\n [\n -89.025,\n 37.6958\n ],\n [\n -89.025,\n 37.6833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Columbia Environmental Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia, MO 65201
A 3-year study was undertaken to evaluate the suitability of the available modeling tools for characterizing environmental flows in the middle Verde River watershed of central Arizona, describe riparian vegetation throughout the watershed, and estimate sediment mobilization in the river. Existing data on fish and macroinvertebrates were analyzed in relation to basin characteristics, flow regimes, and microhabitat, and a pilot study was conducted that sampled fish and macroinvertebrates and the microhabitats in which they were found. The sampling for the pilot study took place at five different locations in the middle Verde River watershed. This report presents the results of this 3-year study.
The Northern Arizona Groundwater Flow Model (NARGFM) was found to be capable of predicting long-term changes caused by alteration of regional recharge (such as may result from climate variability) and groundwater pumping in gaining, losing, and dry reaches of the major streams in the middle Verde River watershed. Over the period 1910 to 2006, the model simulated an increase in dry reaches, a small increase in reaches losing discharge to the groundwater aquifer, and a concurrent decrease in reaches gaining discharge from groundwater. Although evaluations of the suitability of using the NARGFM and Basin Characteristic Model to characterize various streamflow intervals showed that smallerscale basin monthly runoff could be estimated adequately at locations of interest, monthly stream-flow estimates were found unsatisfactory for determining environmental flows.
Orthoimagery and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data were used to quantify stream and riparian vegetation properties related to biotic habitat. The relative abundance of riparian vegetation varied along the main channel of the Verde River. As would be expected, more upland plant species and fewer lowland species were found in the upper-middle section compared to the lower-middle section, and vice-versa. Vegetation changes within the upper-middle and lower-middle reaches are related to differences in climate and hydrology. In general, the riparian vegetation of the middle Verde River watershed is that of a healthy ecosystem’s mixed age, mixed patch structure, likely a result of the mostly unaltered disturbance regime.
The frequency of in-river hydrogeomorphic features (pool, riffle, run) varied along the middle Verde River channel. There was a greater abundance of riffle habitat in the upper-middle reach; the lower-middle reach included more pool habitat. The Oak Creek tributary was more homogenous in geomorphic stream habitat composition than West Clear Creek, where runs dominated the upper reaches and pools dominated many of the lower reaches.
On the basis of the period of record and discharges recorded at 15-minute intervals, five flows were found to reach the gravel-transport threshold. Sediment mobilization computed with flows averaged over daily time steps yielded just three flows that reached the gravel-transport threshold, and monthly averaged flows yielded none. In the middle Verde River watershed, 15-minute data should be used when possible to evaluate sediment transport in the river system.
Data from more than 300 fish surveys conducted from 1992 to 2011 were analyzed using two schemes, one that divided the river into five reaches based on basin characteristics, and a second that divided the river into five reaches based on degree of flow alteration (specifically, diversions). Fish community metrics and assemblage data were used to analyze patterns of species composition and abundance in the two approaches. Overall, native and non-native species were regularly interacting and probably competing for similar resources. Fish abundances were also analyzed in response to floods and other flow metrics. Although the data are limited, native fish abundances increased more rapidly than non-native fish abundances in response to large floods. The basin-characteristic reach analysis showed native fish in greater abundance in the upper-middle reaches of the Verde River watershed and generally decreasing with downstream distance. The median relative abundance of native fish decreased by 50 percent from reach 1 to reach 5. Using the reach scheme based on degree of flow alteration, nondiverted reaches were found to have a greater abundance of native fish than diverted reaches. In heavily diverted reaches, non-native species outnumbered native species.
Fish metrics and stream-flow metrics for the 30, 90, and 365-day periods before collection were computed and the results analyzed statistically. Only abundance of all fish species was associated with the 30-day flow metrics. The 90-day flow metrics were generally positively associated with fish metrics, whereas the 365-day flow metrics had more negative correlations. In particular, significant relations were found between fish metrics and the magnitude and frequency of high flows, including maximum monthly flow, median annual number of high-flow events, and median annual maximum streamflow. Native sucker (Catostomidae) populations tended to decrease in periods of extended base flow, and fish in the non-native sunfish family (Centrarchidae) decreased in periods of flashy, high magnitude flows.
A pilot study surveyed fish at five locations in the upper part of the middle Verde River watershed as a means to measure microhabitat availability and quantify native and non-native fish use of that available microhabitat. Results indicated that native and non-native species exhibit some clear differences in microhabitat use. Although at least some native and non-native fish were found in each velocity, depth, and substrate category, preferential microhabitat use was common. On a percentage basis, non-native species had a strong preference for slow-moving and deeper water with silt and sand substrate, with a secondary preference for faster moving and very shallow water and a coarse gravel substrate. Native species showed a general preference for somewhat faster, moderate depth water over coarse gravel and had no clear secondary preference.
Macroinvertebrate-variables index period, high-flow year, and collection location (upper-middle Verde River, lowermiddle Verde River, or Verde River tributaries) were found to be important explanatory variables in differentiating among community metrics. Overall richness (number of unique taxa), Shannon’s diversity index, and the percent of the most dominant taxa were all highly correlated, but their response to each macroinvertebrate variable was different. The percentage of mayfly (order Ephemeroptera) taxa was significantly higher in Oak Creek and the upper-middle and lower-middle Verde River reaches, locations which have higher flows and more urbanization than other reaches. When community metrics were related to hydrologic metrics, caddisfly (order Trichoptera) populations appeared to increase and mayfly populations to decrease in response to less flashy and more stable streamflows. Conversely, caddisfly populations appeared to decrease and mayfly populations to increase in response to greater flow variability.
Six locations along the Verde River were sampled for macroinvertebrates as part of a pilot study associated with this report—(1) below Granite Creek, (2) near Campbell Ranch, (3) at the U.S. Geological Survey Paulden gage, (4) at the Perkinsville Bridge, (5) at the USGS Clarkdale gage, and (6) near the Reitz Ranch property. A nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination of macroinvertebrate assemblages showed that the Verde River below Granite Creek site was different from the five other sites and that the Perkinsville Bridge and near Reitz Ranch samples had similar community structure. The near Campbell Ranch and Paulden gage locations had similar microhabitat characteristics, with the exception of riparian cover, yet the assemblage structure was very different. The different community composition at Verde River below Granite Creek was likely due to it having the smallest substrate sizes, lowest velocities, shallowest depths, and most riparian cover of the six sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175100","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The Nature Conservancy and Salt River Project","usgsCitation":"Paretti, N.V., Brasher, A.M.D., Pearlstein, S.L., Skow, D.M., Gungle, Bruce, and Garner, B.D., 2018, Preliminary synthesis and assessment of environmental flows in the middle Verde River watershed, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5100, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175100.","productDescription":"Report: xii; 104 p.; 3 Tables","numberOfPages":"120","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-084364","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354141,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5100/sir20175100_table14.csv","text":"Table 14","size":"5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"description":"Scientific Investigation Report 2017-5100 Table 12"},{"id":354142,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5100/sir20175100_tables12_14.xlsx","text":"Table 12 and 14","size":"25 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Scientific Investigation Report 2017-5100 Table 12 and 14 Excel file"},{"id":354139,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5100/sir20175100.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Scientific Investigation Report 2017-5100"},{"id":354138,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5100/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":354140,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5100/sir20175100_table12.csv","text":"Table 12","size":"5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"description":"Scientific Investigation Report 2017-5100 Table 12"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Verde River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.5,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 34.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
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Predictions of the projected changes in species distributions and potential adaptation action benefits can help guide conservation actions. There is substantial uncertainty in projecting species distributions into an unknown future, however, which can undermine confidence in predictions or misdirect conservation actions if not properly considered. Recent studies have shown that the selection of alternative climate metrics describing very different climatic aspects (e.g., mean air temperature vs. mean precipitation) can be a substantial source of projection uncertainty. It is unclear, however, how much projection uncertainty might stem from selecting among highly correlated, ecologically similar climate metrics (e.g., maximum temperature in July, maximum 30‐day temperature) describing the same climatic aspect (e.g., maximum temperatures) known to limit a species’ distribution. It is also unclear how projection uncertainty might propagate into predictions of the potential benefits of adaptation actions that might lessen climate change effects. We provide probabilistic measures of climate change vulnerability, adaptation action benefits, and related uncertainty stemming from the selection of four maximum temperature metrics for brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), a cold‐water salmonid of conservation concern in the eastern United States. Projected losses in suitable stream length varied by as much as 20% among alternative maximum temperature metrics for mid‐century climate projections, which was similar to variation among three climate models. Similarly, the regional average predicted increase in brook trout occurrence probability under an adaptation action scenario of full riparian forest restoration varied by as much as .2 among metrics. Our use of Bayesian inference provides probabilistic measures of vulnerability and adaptation action benefits for individual stream reaches that properly address statistical uncertainty and can help guide conservation actions. Our study demonstrates that even relatively small differences in the definitions of climate metrics can result in very different projections and reveal high uncertainty in predicted climate change effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.14101","usgsCitation":"DeWeber, J.T., and Wagner, T., 2018, Probabilistic measures of climate change vulnerability, adaptation action benefits, and related uncertainty from maximum temperature metric selection: Global Change Biology, v. 24, no. 6, p. 2735-2748, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14101.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2735","endPage":"2748","ipdsId":"IP-090617","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14101","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":354199,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6bce4b0da30c1bfbd88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeWeber, Jefferson T.","contributorId":199675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeWeber","given":"Jefferson","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70197035,"text":"70197035 - 2018 - Differences in vitellogenin production between laboratory raised and wild fathead minnows: Potential consequences for understanding estrogenic exposure in wild","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-15T10:08:45","indexId":"70197035","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2006,"text":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in vitellogenin production between laboratory raised and wild fathead minnows: Potential consequences for understanding estrogenic exposure in wild","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/ieam.4036","usgsCitation":"Anderson, J.R., and Winkelman, D.L., 2018, Differences in vitellogenin production between laboratory raised and wild fathead minnows: Potential consequences for understanding estrogenic exposure in wild: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, v. 14, no. 3, p. 5-6, https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4036.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"6","ipdsId":"IP-094747","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354165,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6bce4b0da30c1bfbd84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Jordan R.","contributorId":204882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Jordan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winkelman, Dana L. 0000-0002-5247-0114 danaw@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5247-0114","contributorId":4141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkelman","given":"Dana","email":"danaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70197014,"text":"70197014 - 2018 - Biological responses of Crested and Least auklets to volcanic destruction of nesting habitat in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-15T16:20:37","indexId":"70197014","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biological responses of Crested and Least auklets to volcanic destruction of nesting habitat in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska","docAbstract":"Crested Auklets (Aethia cristatella) and Least Auklets (A. pusilla) are crevice-nesting birds that breed in large mixed colonies at relatively few sites in the Aleutian Island archipelago, Bering Sea, Gulf of Alaska, and Sea of Okhotsk. Many of these colonies are located on active volcanic islands. The eruption of Kasatochi volcano, in the central Aleutians, on August 7, 2008, completely buried all crevice-nesting seabird habitat on the island. This provided an opportunity to examine the response of a large, mixed auklet colony to a major geological disturbance. Time-lapse imagery of nesting habitat indicated that both species returned to the largest pre-eruption colony site for several years, but subsequently abandoned it within 5 yr after the eruption. In 2010, a rockfall site in a cove north of the old colony site began to accumulate talus, and groups of auklets were observed using the site in 2011. Use of the new colony appeared to coincide with the abandonment of the old colony site by both species, though surface counts suggested that Least Auklets shifted to the new colony sooner than Crested Auklets. At-sea surveys of seabirds before and after the eruption indicated that both Crested and Least auklets shifted their at-sea distributions from the waters around Kasatochi Island to nearby Koniuji Island. In combination, at-sea counts and colony time-lapse imagery indicated that Crested and Least auklets using Kasatochi responded to the volcanic disturbance and complete loss of nesting habitat at the main colony on Kasatochi with dispersal either to newly created habitat on Kasatochi or to an alternate colony on a nearby island.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/AUK-17-180.1","usgsCitation":"Drew, G.S., Piatt, J.F., and Williams, J.C., 2018, Biological responses of Crested and Least auklets to volcanic destruction of nesting habitat in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska: The Auk, v. 135, no. 3, p. 477-485, https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-17-180.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"477","endPage":"485","ipdsId":"IP-084086","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/auk-17-180.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":354195,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -175.56015014648438,\n 52.14360239845529\n ],\n [\n -175.09323120117188,\n 52.14360239845529\n ],\n [\n -175.09323120117188,\n 52.247562587932386\n ],\n [\n -175.56015014648438,\n 52.247562587932386\n ],\n [\n -175.56015014648438,\n 52.14360239845529\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"135","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6bce4b0da30c1bfbd86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drew, Gary S. 0000-0002-6789-0891 gdrew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6789-0891","contributorId":3311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Gary","email":"gdrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":126882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70196889,"text":"70196889 - 2018 - Hydrologic characteristics of freshwater mussel habitat: novel insights from modeled flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-21T13:03:19","indexId":"70196889","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic characteristics of freshwater mussel habitat: novel insights from modeled flows","docAbstract":"The ability to model freshwater stream habitat and species distributions is limited by the spatially sparse flow data available from long-term gauging stations. Flow data beyond the immediate vicinity of gauging stations would enhance our ability to explore and characterize hydrologic habitat suitability. The southeastern USA supports high aquatic biodiversity, but threats, such as landuse alteration, climate change, conflicting water-resource demands, and pollution, have led to the imperilment and legal protection of many species. The ability to distinguish suitable from unsuitable habitat conditions, including hydrologic suitability, is a key criterion for successful conservation and restoration of aquatic species. We used the example of the critically endangered Tar River Spinymussel (Parvaspina steinstansana) and associated species to demonstrate the value of modeled flow data (WaterFALL™) to generate novel insights into population structure and testable hypotheses regarding hydrologic suitability. With ordination models, we: 1) identified all catchments with potentially suitable hydrology, 2) identified 2 distinct hydrologic environments occupied by the Tar River Spinymussel, and 3) estimated greater hydrological habitat niche breadth of assumed surrogate species associates at the catchment scale. Our findings provide the first demonstrated application of complete, continuous, regional modeled hydrologic data to freshwater mussel distribution and management. This research highlights the utility of modeling and data-mining methods to facilitate further exploration and application of such modeled environmental conditions to inform aquatic species management. We conclude that such an approach can support landscape-scale management decisions that require spatial information at fine resolution (e.g., enhanced National Hydrology Dataset catchments) and broad extent (e.g., multiple river basins).
","language":"English","publisher":"The University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/697947","usgsCitation":"Drew, C.A., Eddy, M., Kwak, T.J., Cope, W., and Augspurger, T., 2018, Hydrologic characteristics of freshwater mussel habitat: novel insights from modeled flows: Freshwater Science, v. 37, no. 2, p. 343-356, https://doi.org/10.1086/697947.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"356","ipdsId":"IP-095471","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","volume":"37","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6bee4b0da30c1bfbd94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drew, C. Ashton","contributorId":140953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drew","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ashton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eddy, Michele","contributorId":198941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eddy","given":"Michele","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kwak, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0616-137X tkwak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-137X","contributorId":834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"Thomas","email":"tkwak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cope, W. Gregory","contributorId":70353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cope","given":"W. Gregory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Augspurger, Tom","contributorId":189894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Augspurger","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70196883,"text":"70196883 - 2018 - Landscape‐level patterns in fawn survival across North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-03T11:19:38","indexId":"70196883","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape‐level patterns in fawn survival across North America","docAbstract":"A landscape‐level meta‐analysis approach to examining early survival of ungulates may elucidate patterns in survival not evident from individual studies. Despite numerous efforts, the relationship between fawn survival and habitat characteristics remains unclear and there has been no attempt to examine trends in survival across landscape types with adequate replication. In 2015–2016, we radiomarked 98 white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns in 2 study areas in Pennsylvania. By using a meta‐analysis approach, we compared fawn survival estimates from across North America using published data from 29 populations in 16 states to identify patterns in survival and cause‐specific mortality related to landscape characteristics, predator communities, and deer population density. We modeled fawn survival relative to percentage of agricultural land cover and deer density. Estimated average survival to 3–6 months of age was 0.414 ± 0.062 (SE) in contiguous forest landscapes (no agriculture) and for every 10% increase in land area in agriculture, fawn survival increased 0.049 ± 0.014. We classified cause‐specific mortality as human‐caused, natural (excluding predation), and predation according to agriculturally dominated, forested, and mixed (i.e., both agricultural and forest cover) landscapes. Predation was the greatest source of mortality in all landscapes. Landscapes with mixed forest and agricultural cover had greater proportions and rates of human‐caused mortalities, and lower proportions and rates of mortality due to predators, when compared to forested landscapes. Proportion and rate of natural deaths did not differ among landscapes. We failed to detect any relationship between fawn survival and deer density. The results highlight the need to consider multiple spatial scales when accounting for factors that influence fawn survival. Furthermore, variation in mortality sources and rates among landscapes indicate the potential for altered landscape mosaics to influence fawn survival rates. Wildlife managers can use the meta‐analysis to identify factors that will facilitate comparisons of results among studies and advance a better understanding of patterns in fawn survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21456","usgsCitation":"Gingery, T.M., Diefenbach, D.R., Wallingford, B.D., and Rosenberry, C.S., 2018, Landscape‐level patterns in fawn survival across North America: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 82, no. 5, p. 1003-1013, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21456.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1003","endPage":"1013","ipdsId":"IP-092016","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354144,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-04-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6bfe4b0da30c1bfbd9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gingery, Tess M.","contributorId":204865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gingery","given":"Tess","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147 drd11@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":5235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane","email":"drd11@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallingford, Bret D.","contributorId":171632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wallingford","given":"Bret","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosenberry, Christopher S.","contributorId":171633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70196886,"text":"70196886 - 2018 - Spatial extent of analysis influences observed patterns of population genetic structure in a widespread darter species (Percidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T16:32:08","indexId":"70196886","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial extent of analysis influences observed patterns of population genetic structure in a widespread darter species (Percidae)","docAbstract":"The Mexican gray wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) was historically distributed throughout the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Extensive predator removal campaigns during the early 20th century, however, resulted in its eventual extirpation by the mid 1980s. At this time, the Mexican wolf existed only in 3 separate captive lineages (McBride, Ghost Ranch, and Aragón) descended from 3, 2, and 2 founders, respectively. These lineages were merged in 1995 to increase the available genetic variation, and Mexican wolves were reintroduced into Arizona and New Mexico in 1998. Despite the ongoing management of the Mexican wolf population, it has been suggested that a proportion of the Mexican wolf ancestry may be recently derived from hybridization with domestic dogs. In this study, we genotyped 87 Mexican wolves, including individuals from all 3 captive lineages and cross-lineage wolves, for more than 172000 single nucleotide polymorphisms. We identified levels of genetic variation consistent with the pedigree record and effects of genetic rescue. To identify the potential to detect hybridization with domestic dogs, we compared our Mexican wolf genotypes with those from studies of domestic dogs and other gray wolves. The proportion of Mexican wolf ancestry assigned to domestic dogs was only between 0.06% (SD 0.23%) and 7.8% (SD 1.0%) for global and local ancestry estimates, respectively; and was consistent with simulated levels of incomplete lineage sorting. Overall, our results suggested that Mexican wolves lack biologically significant ancestry with dogs and have useful implications for the conservation and management of this endangered wolf subspecies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jhered/esy009","usgsCitation":"Fitak, R.R., Rinkevich, S.E., and Culver, M., 2018, Genome-wide analysis of SNPs is consistent with no domestic dog ancestry in the endangered Mexican Wolf (Canis lupus baileyi): Journal of Heredity, v. 109, no. 4, p. 372-383, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esy009.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"372","endPage":"383","ipdsId":"IP-086542","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esy009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":354149,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6bee4b0da30c1bfbd92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitak, Robert R.","contributorId":169991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fitak","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":32413,"text":"University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, 85721","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":12643,"text":"Duke University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rinkevich, Sarah E.","contributorId":204870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rinkevich","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Culver, Melanie 0000-0001-5380-3059 mculver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-3059","contributorId":197693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"Melanie","email":"mculver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70196975,"text":"sim3388 - 2018 - Surficial geologic map of the Dillingham quadrangle, southwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-16T10:06:12","indexId":"sim3388","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3388","title":"Surficial geologic map of the Dillingham quadrangle, southwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"Director,
Alaska Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4230 University Drive
Anchorage, Alaska 99508
Diadromous fishes are known biotransport vectors that can move nutrients, energy and contaminants in an upstream direction in lotic ecosystems. This function has been demonstrated repeatedly in anadromous salmonids, but the role of other diadromous species, especially tropical taxa, as biotransport vectors is less studied. Amphidromous fish species exhibit potential to act as upstream vectors of nutrients and contaminants in their postlarval and juvenile stages, but this role is largely unknown because of limited understanding of larval growth habitats. Moreover, because some species are harvested in artisanal fisheries as postlarvae, and postlarvae are consumed by riverine and estuarine predators, heavy contaminant loads may present a human or wildlife health concern. This research incorporates stable isotope and contaminant analyses to infer larval habitats and contaminant accumulation of amphidromous fishes on the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. The isotopic signatures of postlarval amphidromous fishes indicated marine basal sources and food web components, rather than those from riverine habitats. Additionally, postlarvae did not contain concentrations of anthropogenic pollutants that would be of ecological or human health concern. These findings are the first and strongest evidence that amphidromous fish postlarvae function as biotransport vectors of marine nutrients into and up river ecosystems without posing a health threat to the receiving food web or human consumers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12397","usgsCitation":"Engman, A.C., Kwak, T.J., and Cope, W., 2018, Do postlarval amphidromous fishes transport marine‐derived nutrients and pollutants to Caribbean streams?: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 27, no. 3, p. 847-856, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12397.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"847","endPage":"856","ipdsId":"IP-091276","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354143,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6bfe4b0da30c1bfbd9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engman, Augustin C.","contributorId":32145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engman","given":"Augustin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwak, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0616-137X tkwak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-137X","contributorId":834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"Thomas","email":"tkwak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cope, W. Gregory","contributorId":70353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cope","given":"W. Gregory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70196888,"text":"70196888 - 2018 - Respiratory disease, behavior, and survival of mountain goat kids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-23T13:00:20","indexId":"70196888","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Respiratory disease, behavior, and survival of mountain goat kids","docAbstract":"Bacterial pneumonia is a threat to bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) populations. Bighorn sheep in the East Humboldt Mountain Range (EHR), Nevada, USA, experienced a pneumonia epizootic in 2009–2010. Testing of mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) that were captured or found dead on this range during and after the epizootic detected bacteria commonly associated with bighorn sheep pneumonia die‐offs. Additionally, in years subsequent to the bighorn sheep epizootic, the mountain goat population had low kid:adult ratios, a common outcome for bighorn sheep populations that have experienced a pneumonia epizootic. We hypothesized that pneumonia was present and negatively affecting mountain goat kids in the EHR. From June–August 2013–2015, we attempted to observe mountain goat kids with marked adult females in the EHR at least once per week to document signs of respiratory disease; identify associations between respiratory disease, activity levels, and subsequent disappearance (i.e., death); and estimate weekly survival. Each time we observed a kid with a marked adult female, we recorded any signs of respiratory disease and collected behavior data that we fit to a 3‐state discrete hidden Markov model (HMM) to predict a kid's state (active vs. sedentary) and its probability of disappearing. We first observed clinical signs of respiratory disease in kids in late July–early August each summer. We observed 8 of 31 kids with marked adult females with signs of respiratory disease on 13 occasions. On 11 of these occasions, the HMM predicted that kids were in the sedentary state, which was associated with increased probability of subsequent death. We estimated overall probability of kid survival from June–August to be 0.19 (95% CI = 0.08–0.38), which was lower than has been reported in other mountain goat populations. We concluded that respiratory disease was present in the mountain goat kids in the EHR and negatively affected their activity levels and survival. Our results raise concerns about potential effects of pneumonia to mountain goat populations and the potential for disease transmission between mountain goats and bighorn sheep where the species are sympatric.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21470","usgsCitation":"Blanchong, J.A., Anderson, C.A., Clark, N.J., Klaver, R.W., Plummer, P.J., Cox, M., Mcadoo, C., and Wolff, P.L., 2018, Respiratory disease, behavior, and survival of mountain goat kids: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 82, no. 6, p. 1243-1251, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21470.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1243","endPage":"1251","ipdsId":"IP-094396","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/276","text":"External Repository"},{"id":354147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6bee4b0da30c1bfbd96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blanchong, Julie A.","contributorId":6030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blanchong","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13018,"text":"Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Christopher A.","contributorId":204866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Nicholas J.","contributorId":204867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16755,"text":"University of Queensland, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Plummer, Paul J.","contributorId":204868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plummer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cox, Mike","contributorId":198457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cox","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mcadoo, Caleb","contributorId":204869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mcadoo","given":"Caleb","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wolff, Peregrine L.","contributorId":69865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolff","given":"Peregrine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70272980,"text":"70272980 - 2018 - Application and comparison of the MODIS-Derived Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) to VIIRS, Landsat 5 TM, and Landsat 8 OLI platforms: A case study in the arid Colorado River Delta, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-11T16:57:04.855099","indexId":"70272980","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-13T10:52:11","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3380,"text":"Sensors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application and comparison of the MODIS-Derived Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) to VIIRS, Landsat 5 TM, and Landsat 8 OLI platforms: A case study in the arid Colorado River Delta, Mexico","docAbstract":"The Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) is a key Earth science parameter used to assess vegetation, originally developed and calibrated for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. With the impending decommissioning of the MODIS sensors by the year 2020/2022, alternative platforms will need to be used to estimate EVI. We compared Landsat 5 (2000–2011), 8 (2013–2016) and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS; 2013–2016) to MODIS EVI (2000–2016) over a 420,083-ha area of the arid lower Colorado River Delta in Mexico. Over large areas with mixed land cover or agricultural fields, we found high correspondence between Landsat and MODIS EVI (R2 = 0.93 for the entire area studied and 0.97 for agricultural fields), but the relationship was weak over bare soil (R2 = 0.27) and riparian vegetation (R2 = 0.48). The correlation between MODIS and Landsat EVI was higher over large, homogeneous areas and was generally lower in narrow riparian areas. VIIRS and MODIS EVI were highly similar (R2 = 0.99 for the entire area studied) and did not show the same decrease in performance in smaller, narrower regions as Landsat. Landsat and VIIRS provide EVI estimates of similar quality and characteristics to MODIS, but scale, seasonality and land cover type(s) should be considered before implementing Landsat EVI in a particular area.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/s18051546","usgsCitation":"Jarchow, C., Didan, K., Barreto-Muñoz, A., Nagler, P.L., and Glenn, E., 2018, Application and comparison of the MODIS-Derived Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) to VIIRS, Landsat 5 TM, and Landsat 8 OLI platforms: A case study in the arid Colorado River Delta, Mexico: Sensors, v. 18, no. 5, 1546, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051546.","productDescription":"1546, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-086846","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051546","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":497335,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.39760654188758,\n 32.8908327506181\n ],\n [\n -115.33226880384278,\n 32.8908327506181\n ],\n [\n -115.33226880384278,\n 31.59336803534171\n ],\n [\n -114.39760654188758,\n 31.59336803534171\n ],\n [\n -114.39760654188758,\n 32.8908327506181\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarchow, Christopher 0000-0002-0424-4104 cjarchow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0424-4104","contributorId":196069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarchow","given":"Christopher","email":"cjarchow@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Didan, Kamel","contributorId":292780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Didan","given":"Kamel","affiliations":[{"id":62999,"text":"Biosystems Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barreto-Muñoz, Armando","contributorId":239891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barreto-Muñoz","given":"Armando","affiliations":[{"id":48028,"text":"University of Arizona, Biosystems Engineering, Tucson, AZ, 85721 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":56542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward P.","affiliations":[{"id":13060,"text":"Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70220422,"text":"70220422 - 2018 - Inferring the absence of an incipient population during a rapid response for an invasive species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-13T11:56:12.67446","indexId":"70220422","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-13T06:51:49","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inferring the absence of an incipient population during a rapid response for an invasive species","docAbstract":"Successful eradication of invasives is facilitated by early detection and prompt onset of control. However, realizing or verifying that a colonization has occurred is difficult for cryptic species especially at low population densities. Responding to the capture or unconfirmed sighting of a cryptic invasive species, and the associated effort to determine if it indicates an incipient (small, localized) population or merely a lone colonizer, is costly and cannot continue indefinitely. However, insufficient detection effort risks erroneously concluding the species is not present, allowing the population to increase in size and expand its range. Evidence for an incipient population requires detection of ≥1 individual; its absence, on the other hand, must be inferred probabilistically. We use an actual rapid response incident and species-specific detection estimates tied to a known density to calculate the amount of effort (with non-sequential detections) necessary to assert, with a pre-defined confidence, that invasive brown treesnakes are absent from the search area under a wide range of hypothetical population densities. We illustrate that the amount of effort necessary to declare that a species is absent is substantial and increases with decreased individual detection probability, decreased density, and increased level of desired confidence about its absence. Such survey investment would be justified where the cost savings due to early detection are large. Our Poisson-based model application will allow managers to make informed decisions about how long to continue detection efforts, should no additional detections occur, and suggests that effort to do so is significantly higher than previously thought. While our model application informs how long to search to infer absence of an incipient population of brown treesnakes, the approach is sufficiently general to apply to other invasive species if density-dependent detection estimates are known or reliable surrogate estimates are available.
This study tested a focused strategy for reducing phosphorus (P) and sediment loads in agricultural streams. The strategy involved selecting small watersheds identified as likely to respond relatively quickly, and then focusing conservation practices on high-contributing fields within those watersheds. Two 5,000 ha (12,360 ac) watersheds in the Driftless Area of south central Wisconsin, previously ranked in the top 6% of similarly sized Wisconsin watersheds for expected responsiveness to conservation efforts to reduce high P and sediment loads, were chosen for the study. The stream outlets from both watersheds were monitored from October of 2006 through September of 2016 for streamflow and concentrations of sediment, total P, and, beginning in October of 2009, total dissolved P. Fields and pastures having the highest potential P delivery to the streams in each watershed were identified using the Wisconsin P Index (Good et al. 2012). After three years of baseline monitoring (2006 to 2009), farmers implemented both field- and farm-based conservation practices in one watershed (treatment) as a means to reduce sediment and P inputs to the stream from the highest contributing areas, whereas there were no out-of-the-ordinary conservation efforts in the second watershed (control). Implementation occurred primarily in 2011 and 2012. In the four years following implementation of conservation practices (2013 through 2016), there was a statistically significant reduction in storm-event suspended sediment loads in the treatment watershed compared to the control watershed when the ground was not frozen (p = 0.047). While there was an apparent reduction in year-round suspended sediment event loads, it was not statistically significant at the 95% confidence level (p = 0.15). Total P loads were significantly reduced for runoff events (p < 0.01) with a median reduction of 50%. Total P and total dissolved P concentrations for low-flow conditions were also significantly reduced (p < 0.01) compared to the control watershed. This study demonstrated that a strategy that first identifies watersheds likely to respond to conservation efforts and then focuses implementation on relatively high-contributing fields within those watersheds can be successful in reducing stream P concentrations and loads.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil and Water Conservation Society","doi":"10.2489/jswc.73.3.298","usgsCitation":"Carvin, R.B., Good, L.W., Fitzpatrick, F.A., Diehl, C., Songer, K., Meyer, K.J., Panuska, J.C., Richter, S., and Whalley, K., 2018, Testing a two-scale focused conservation strategy for reducing phosphorus and sediment loads from agricultural watersheds: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 73, no. 2, p. 298-309, https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.73.3.298.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"298","endPage":"309","ipdsId":"IP-077953","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.73.3.298","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":354107,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","volume":"73","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-05-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6bfe4b0da30c1bfbd9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carvin, Rebecca B. 0000-0001-7778-4841 rbcarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7778-4841","contributorId":201609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carvin","given":"Rebecca","email":"rbcarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Good, Laura W.","contributorId":151057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Good","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":734942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. 0000-0002-9748-7075 fafitzpa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":196543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":734943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Diehl, Curt","contributorId":204768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diehl","given":"Curt","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36979,"text":"Land Conservation Division, Land and Water Resources Department, Dane County, Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":734944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Songer, Katherine","contributorId":204769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Songer","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36980,"text":"Land Conservation Division, Land and Water Resources Department, Dane County, Wisconsin; graduate student at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":734945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meyer, Kimberly J.","contributorId":204770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36981,"text":"Land Conservation Division, Land and Water Resources Department, Dane County, Wisconsin; graduate student at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Nutrient management specialist with Madison Metropolitan Sewerage District in Madison, Wisconsin.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":734946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Panuska, John C.","contributorId":204771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Panuska","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36982,"text":"Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":734947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Richter, Steve","contributorId":204772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richter","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36983,"text":"The Nature Conservancy, Madison, Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":734948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Whalley, Kyle","contributorId":204773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whalley","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36979,"text":"Land Conservation Division, Land and Water Resources Department, Dane County, Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":734949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70196894,"text":"70196894 - 2018 - Long-term changes in soil and stream chemistry across an acid deposition gradient in the northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-14T12:55:16","indexId":"70196894","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term changes in soil and stream chemistry across an acid deposition gradient in the northeastern United States","docAbstract":"Declines in acidic deposition across Europe and North America have led to decreases in surface water acidity and signs of chemical recovery of soils from acidification. To better understand the link between recovery of soils and surface waters, chemical trends in precipitation, soils, and streamwater were investigated in three watersheds representing a depositional gradient from high to low across the northeastern United States. Significant declines in concentrations of H+ (ranging from −1.2 to −2.74 microequivalents [μeq] L−1 yr−1), NO3− (ranging from −0.6 to −0.84 μeq L−1 yr−1), and SO42− (ranging from −0.95 to −2.13 μeq L−1 yr−1) were detected in precipitation in the three watersheds during the period 1999 to 2013. Soil chemistry in the A horizon of the watershed with the greatest decrease in deposition showed significant decreases in exchangeable Al and increases in exchangeable bases. Soil chemistry did not significantly improve during the study in the other watersheds, and base saturation in the Oa and upper B horizons significantly declined in the watershed with the smallest decrease in deposition. Streamwater SO42−concentrations significantly declined in all three streams (ranging from −2.01 to −2.87 μeq L−1 yr−1) and acid neutralizing capacity increased (ranging from 1.38 to 1.60 μeq L−1 yr−1) in the two streams with the greatest decreases in deposition. Recovery of soils has likely been limited by decades of acid deposition that have leached base cations from soils with base-poor parent material.