{"pageNumber":"861","pageRowStart":"21500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70034062,"text":"70034062 - 2009 - Effects of rodent community diversity and composition on prevalence of an endemic bacterial pathogen - <i>Bartonella</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-16T14:18:05.607753","indexId":"70034062","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1004,"text":"Biodiversity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of rodent community diversity and composition on prevalence of an endemic bacterial pathogen - <i>Bartonella</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>By studying&nbsp;</span><i>Bartonella</i><span>&nbsp;prevalence in rodent communities from 23 geographic sites in the western United States and one site in northern Mexico, the present study focused on the effects of rodent community diversity (measured by richness and Shannon index) and composition on prevalence of&nbsp;</span><i>Bartonella</i><span>&nbsp;infections. The analysis showed negative correlations of&nbsp;</span><i>Bartonella</i><span>&nbsp;prevalence with rodent richness and Shannon index. Further,&nbsp;</span><i>Bartonella</i><span>&nbsp;prevalence varied among rodent genera/species. Three models were applied to explain the observations. (1) Within-species/genus transmission:&nbsp;</span><i>Bartonella</i><span>&nbsp;strains usually are host-specific and adding non-host species would decrease&nbsp;</span><i>Bartonella</i><span>&nbsp;prevalence in its principal host through reduction of host contact (encounter reduction); (2) Frequency-dependence: Adding hosts would decrease the proportion of all infected individuals in the community, resulting in a reduction in the number of contacts between susceptible and infected individuals that usually leads to transmission (transmission reduction); and (3) Dominant species effect: Dominant species, if not susceptible to&nbsp;</span><i>Bartonellae</i><span>, can constrain the abundance of susceptible hosts (susceptible host regulation). These mechanisms work in concert; and the level of&nbsp;</span><i>Bartonella</i><span>&nbsp;prevalence is an outcome of regulation of all of these mechanisms on the entire system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor Francis","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2009.9712856","issn":"14888386","usgsCitation":"Bai, Y., Kosoy, M., Calisher, C., Cully, J., and Collinge, S., 2009, Effects of rodent community diversity and composition on prevalence of an endemic bacterial pathogen - <i>Bartonella</i>: Biodiversity, v. 10, no. 4, p. 3-11, https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2009.9712856.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":384410,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07b8e4b0c8380cd517c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bai, Y.","contributorId":42784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bai","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kosoy, M.Y.","contributorId":78283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kosoy","given":"M.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calisher, C.H.","contributorId":34359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calisher","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cully, J.F. Jr.","contributorId":51041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cully","given":"J.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Collinge, S.K.","contributorId":58832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collinge","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036779,"text":"70036779 - 2009 - Along-Arc and Back-Arc Attenuation, Site Response, and Source Spectrum for the Intermediate-Depth 8 January 2006 M 6.7 Kythera, Greece, Earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T15:21:33","indexId":"70036779","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Along-Arc and Back-Arc Attenuation, Site Response, and Source Spectrum for the Intermediate-Depth 8 January 2006 M 6.7 Kythera, Greece, Earthquake","docAbstract":"An M 6.7 intermediate-depth (66 km), in-slab earthquake occurring near the island of Kythera in Greece on 8 January 2006 was well recorded on networks of stations equipped with acceleration sensors and with broadband velocity sensors. All data were recorded digitally using recording instruments with resolutions ranging from almost 11 to 24 bits. We use data from these networks to study the distance dependence of the horizontal-component Fourier acceleration spectra (FAS) and horizontal-component pseudoabsolute response spectral acceleration (PSA). For purposes of simulating motions in the future, we parameterize the distance decay using several forms of the geometrical-spreading function, for each of which we derive Q as a function of frequency. By extrapolating the distance decay back to 1 km, we obtain a reference spectrum that can be used in future simulations. This spectrum requires a more complicated spectral shape than the classic single-corner-frequency model; in particular, there appears to be an enhancement of motion around 0.2-0.3 Hz that may be due to the radiation of a 3-5 sec pulse from the source. We infer a ??<sub>0</sub> value of about 0.055 sec for rock stations and a stress parameter in the range of 400-600 bars. We also find distinctive differences in the site response of stations on soft soil and soil; both the FAS and the 5% damped PSA amplifications have similar peak amplitudes (about 2 and 4 for soil and soft-soil sites, respectively, relative to the rock sites) at similar frequencies (between about 0.4 and 2.0 Hz, with the soft-soil amplifications peaking at somewhat lower frequencies than the soil amplifications). One of the most distinctive features of the data is the clear difference in the motions for along-arc and back-arc stations, with the former being significantly higher than the latter over a broad range of frequencies at distances beyond about 250 km. The motions from the Kythera earthquake are roughly comparable to those from intermediate-depth earthquakes elsewhere, but they appear to be significantly higher than those from recordings of shallow earthquakes in Greece of comparable magnitude and hypocentral distance.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120080229","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Boore, D.M., Skarlatoudis, A., Margaris, B., Costas, B., and Ventouzi, C., 2009, Along-Arc and Back-Arc Attenuation, Site Response, and Source Spectrum for the Intermediate-Depth 8 January 2006 M 6.7 Kythera, Greece, Earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 4, p. 2410-2434, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080229.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"2410","endPage":"2434","numberOfPages":"25","ipdsId":"IP-007991","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217769,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080229"}],"volume":"99","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e972e4b0c8380cd482ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, David M. boore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skarlatoudis, A.A.","contributorId":60476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skarlatoudis","given":"A.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Margaris, B.N.","contributorId":16610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Margaris","given":"B.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Costas, B.P.","contributorId":76166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costas","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ventouzi, C.","contributorId":85016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ventouzi","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035803,"text":"70035803 - 2009 - Constraining earthquake source inversions with GPS data: 1. Resolution-based removal of artifacts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035803","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraining earthquake source inversions with GPS data: 1. Resolution-based removal of artifacts","docAbstract":"We present a resolution analysis of an inversion of GPS data from the 2004 M<sub>w</sub> 6.0 Parkfield earthquake. This earthquake was recorded at thirteen 1-Hz GPS receivers, which provides for a truly coseismic data set that can be used to infer the static slip field. We find that the resolution of our inverted slip model is poor at depth and near the edges of the modeled fault plane that are far from GPS receivers. The spatial heterogeneity of the model resolution in the static field inversion leads to artifacts in poorly resolved areas of the fault plane. These artifacts look qualitatively similar to asperities commonly seen in the final slip models of earthquake source inversions, but in this inversion they are caused by a surplus of free parameters. The location of the artifacts depends on the station geometry and the assumed velocity structure. We demonstrate that a nonuniform gridding of model parameters on the fault can remove these artifacts from the inversion. We generate a nonuniform grid with a grid spacing that matches the local resolution length on the fault and show that it outperforms uniform grids, which either generate spurious structure in poorly resolved regions or lose recoverable information in well-resolved areas of the fault. In a synthetic test, the nonuniform grid correctly averages slip in poorly resolved areas of the fault while recovering small-scale structure near the surface. Finally, we present an inversion of the Parkfield GPS data set on the nonuniform grid and analyze the errors in the final model. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JB005449","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Page, M., Custodio, S., Archuleta, R., and Carlson, J., 2009, Constraining earthquake source inversions with GPS data: 1. Resolution-based removal of artifacts: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 114, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005449.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487277,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jb005449","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216318,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005449"},{"id":244181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa07e4b0c8380cd4d8b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, M.T.","contributorId":36771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custodio, S.","contributorId":81714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custodio","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Archuleta, R.J.","contributorId":79245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archuleta","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carlson, J.M.","contributorId":54033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033036,"text":"70033036 - 2009 - Biochemical indicators for the bioavailability of organic carbon in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:17:19","indexId":"70033036","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biochemical indicators for the bioavailability of organic carbon in ground water","docAbstract":"<p><span>The bioavailability of total organic carbon (TOC) was examined in ground water from two hydrologically distinct aquifers using biochemical indicators widely employed in chemical oceanography. Concentrations of total hydrolyzable neutral sugars (THNS), total hydrolyzable amino acids (THAA), and carbon‐normalized percentages of TOC present as THNS and THAA (referred to as “yields”) were assessed as indicators of bioavailability. A shallow coastal plain aquifer in Kings Bay, Georgia, was characterized by relatively high concentrations (425 to 1492 μM; 5.1 to 17.9 mg/L) of TOC but relatively low THNS and THAA yields (∼0.2%–1.0%). These low yields are consistent with the highly biodegraded nature of TOC mobilized from relatively ancient (Pleistocene) sediments overlying the aquifer. In contrast, a shallow fractured rock aquifer in West Trenton, New Jersey, exhibited lower TOC concentrations (47 to 325 μM; 0.6 to 3.9 mg/L) but higher THNS and THAA yields (∼1% to 4%). These higher yields were consistent with the younger, and thus more bioavailable, TOC being mobilized from modern soils overlying the aquifer. Consistent with these apparent differences in TOC bioavailability, no significant correlation between TOC and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), a product of organic carbon mineralization, was observed at Kings Bay, whereas a strong correlation was observed at West Trenton. In contrast to TOC, THNS and THAA concentrations were observed to correlate with DIC at the Kings Bay site. These observations suggest that biochemical indicators such as THNS and THAA may provide information concerning the bioavailability of organic carbon present in ground water that is not available from TOC measurements alone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00493.x","issn":"00174","usgsCitation":"Chapelle, F.H., Bradley, P., Goode, D., Tiedeman, C., Lacombe, P., Kaiser, K., and Benner, R., 2009, Biochemical indicators for the bioavailability of organic carbon in ground water: Ground Water, v. 47, no. 1, p. 108-121, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00493.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"121","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213418,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00493.x"}],"volume":"47","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f143e4b0c8380cd4ab2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goode, D.J. 0000-0002-8527-2456","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":95512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tiedeman, C.","contributorId":78160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lacombe, P.J.","contributorId":67915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kaiser, K.","contributorId":33539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Benner, R.","contributorId":34656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benner","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70033038,"text":"70033038 - 2009 - Associations between land use and <i>Perkinsus marinus</i> infection of eastern oysters in a high salinity, partially urbanized estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-05T13:19:02","indexId":"70033038","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Associations between land use and <i>Perkinsus marinus</i> infection of eastern oysters in a high salinity, partially urbanized estuary","docAbstract":"Infection levels of eastern oysters by the unicellular pathogen <i>Perkinsus marinus</i> have been associated with anthropogenic influences in laboratory studies. However, these relationships have been difficult to investigate in the field because anthropogenic inputs are often associated with natural influences such as freshwater inflow, which can also affect infection levels. We addressed P. marinus-land use associations using field-collected data from Murrells Inlet, South Carolina, USA, a developed, coastal estuary with relatively minor freshwater inputs. Ten oysters from each of 30 reefs were sampled quarterly in each of 2 years. Distances to nearest urbanized land class and to nearest stormwater outfall were measured via both tidal creeks and an elaboration of Euclidean distance. As the forms of any associations between oyster infection and distance to urbanization were unknown a priori, we used data from the first and second years of the study as exploratory and confirmatory datasets, respectively. With one exception, quarterly land use associations identified using the exploratory dataset were not confirmed using the confirmatory dataset. The exception was an association between the prevalence of moderate to high infection levels in winter and decreasing distance to nearest urban land use. Given that the study design appeared adequate to detect effects inferred from the exploratory dataset, these results suggest that effects of land use gradients were largely insubstantial or were ephemeral with duration less than 3 months.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecotoxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10646-008-0279-9","issn":"09639","usgsCitation":"Gray, B.R., Bushek, D., Drane, J.W., and Porter, D., 2009, Associations between land use and <i>Perkinsus marinus</i> infection of eastern oysters in a high salinity, partially urbanized estuary: Ecotoxicology, v. 18, no. 2, p. 259-269, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-008-0279-9.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"269","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213455,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-008-0279-9"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee94e4b0c8380cd49e36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, Brian R. 0000-0001-7682-9550 brgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":2615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Brian","email":"brgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bushek, David","contributorId":23766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bushek","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drane, J. Wanzer","contributorId":90943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drane","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wanzer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Porter, Dwayne","contributorId":7506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"Dwayne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034743,"text":"70034743 - 2009 - Sulfate-rich eolian and wet interdune deposits, erebus crater, meridiani Planum, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034743","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfate-rich eolian and wet interdune deposits, erebus crater, meridiani Planum, Mars","docAbstract":"This study investigates three bedrock exposures at Erebus crater, an ?? 300 m diameter crater approximately 4 km south of Endurance crater on Mars. These outcrops, called Olympia, Payson, and Yavapai, provide additional evidence in support of the dune-interdune model proposed for the formation of the deposits at the Opportunity landing site in Meridiani Planum. There is evidence for greater involvement of liquid water in the Olympia outcrop exposures than was observed in Eagle or Endurance craters. The Olympia outcrop likely formed in a wet interdune and sand sheet environment. The facies observed within the Payson outcrop, which is likely stratigraphically above the Olympia outcrop, indicate that it was deposited in a damp-wet interdune, sand sheet, and eolian dune environment. The Yavapai outcrop, which likely stratigraphically overlies the Payson outcrop, indicates that it was deposited in primarily a sand sheet environment and also potentially in an eolian dune environment. These three outcrop exposures may indicate an overall drying-upward trend spanning the stratigraphic section from its base at the Olympia outcrop to its top at the Yavapai outcrop. This contrasts with the wetting-upward trend seen in Endurance and Eagle craters. Thus, the series of outcrops seen at Meridiani by Opportunity may constitute a full climatic cycle, evolving from dry to wet to dry conditions. ?? 2009, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2110/jsr.2009.033","issn":"15271404","usgsCitation":"Metz, J., Grotzinger, J., Rubin, D.M., Lewis, K., Squyres, S.W., and Bell, J., 2009, Sulfate-rich eolian and wet interdune deposits, erebus crater, meridiani Planum, Mars: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 79, no. 5-6, p. 247-264, https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2009.033.","startPage":"247","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476399,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090818-091142763","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215899,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2009.033"},{"id":243734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dc3e4b08c986b31da77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Metz, J.M.","contributorId":69244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metz","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grotzinger, J.P.","contributorId":76053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grotzinger","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubin, D. M.","contributorId":103689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lewis, K.W.","contributorId":101784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"K.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bell, J.F.","contributorId":36663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035966,"text":"70035966 - 2009 - Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modeling (LUCHEM). I: Model intercomparison with current land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035966","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modeling (LUCHEM). I: Model intercomparison with current land use","docAbstract":"This paper introduces the project on 'Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modeling (LUCHEM)' that aims at investigating the envelope of predictions on changes in hydrological fluxes due to land use change. As part of a series of four papers, this paper outlines the motivation and setup of LUCHEM, and presents a model intercomparison for the present-day simulation results. Such an intercomparison provides a valuable basis to investigate the effects of different model structures on model predictions and paves the ground for the analysis of the performance of multi-model ensembles and the reliability of the scenario predictions in companion papers. In this study, we applied a set of 10 lumped, semi-lumped and fully distributed hydrological models that have been previously used in land use change studies to the low mountainous Dill catchment, Germany. Substantial differences in model performance were observed with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies ranging from 0.53 to 0.92. Differences in model performance were attributed to (1) model input data, (2) model calibration and (3) the physical basis of the models. The models were applied with two sets of input data: an original and a homogenized data set. This homogenization of precipitation, temperature and leaf area index was performed to reduce the variation between the models. Homogenization improved the comparability of model simulations and resulted in a reduced average bias, although some variation in model data input remained. The effect of the physical differences between models on the long-term water balance was mainly attributed to differences in how models represent evapotranspiration. Semi-lumped and lumped conceptual models slightly outperformed the fully distributed and physically based models. This was attributed to the automatic model calibration typically used for this type of models. Overall, however, we conclude that there was no superior model if several measures of model performance are considered and that all models are suitable to participate in further multi-model ensemble set-ups and land use change scenario investigations. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.10.003","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Breuer, L., Huisman, J.A., Willems, P., Bormann, H., Bronstert, A., Croke, B., Frede, H., Graff, T., Hubrechts, L., Jakeman, A., Kite, G., Lanini, J., Leavesley, G., Lettenmaier, D., Lindstrom, G., Seibert, J., Sivapalan, M., and Viney, N., 2009, Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modeling (LUCHEM). I: Model intercomparison with current land use: Advances in Water Resources, v. 32, no. 2, p. 129-146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.10.003.","startPage":"129","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216062,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.10.003"},{"id":243903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edebe4b0c8380cd49adb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breuer, L.","contributorId":54814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breuer","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huisman, J. A.","contributorId":86591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huisman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willems, P.","contributorId":57685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willems","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bormann, H.","contributorId":66091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bormann","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bronstert, A.","contributorId":98565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronstert","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Croke, B.F.W.","contributorId":52809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croke","given":"B.F.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Frede, H.-G.","contributorId":23783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frede","given":"H.-G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Graff, T.","contributorId":15803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graff","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hubrechts, L.","contributorId":54815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubrechts","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Jakeman, A.J.","contributorId":12639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakeman","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kite, G.","contributorId":11443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kite","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lanini, J.","contributorId":89745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanini","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Leavesley, G.","contributorId":90483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Lettenmaier, D.P.","contributorId":61175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lettenmaier","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Lindstrom, G.","contributorId":27292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindstrom","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Seibert, J.","contributorId":37513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seibert","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Sivapalan, M.","contributorId":59587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sivapalan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Viney, N.R.","contributorId":11850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viney","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}}
,{"id":70033798,"text":"70033798 - 2009 - Coastal ocean transport patterns in the central Southern California Bight","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033798","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal ocean transport patterns in the central Southern California Bight","docAbstract":"In the past decade, several large programs that monitor currents and transport patterns for periods from a few months to a few years were conducted by a consortium of university, federal, state, and municipal agencies in the central Southern California Bight, a heavily urbanized section of the coastal ocean off the west coast of the United States encompassing Santa Monica Bay, San Pedro Bay, and the Palos Verdes shelf. These programs were designed in part to determine how alongshelf and cross-shelf currents move sediments, pollutants, and suspended material through the region. Analysis of the data sets showed that the current patterns in this portion of the Bight have distinct changes in frequency and amplitude with location, in part because the topography of the shelf and upper slope varies rapidly over small spatial scales. However, because the mean, subtidal, and tidal-current patterns in any particular location were reasonably stable with time, one could determine a regional pattern for these current fields in the central Southern California Bight even though measurements at the various locations were obtained at different times. In particular, because the mean near-surface flows over the San Pedro and Palos Verdes shelves are divergent, near-surface waters from the upper slope tend to carry suspended material onto the shelf in the northwestern portion of San Pedro Bay. Water and suspended material are also carried off the shelf by the mean and subtidal flow fields in places where the orientation of the shelf break changes abruptly. The barotropic tidal currents in the central Southern California Bight flow primarily alongshore, but they have pronounced amplitude variations over relatively small changes in alongshelf location that are not totally predicted by numerical tidal models. Nonlinear internal tides and internal bores at tidal frequencies are oriented more across the shelf. They do not have a uniform transport direction, since they move fine sediment from the shelf to the slope in Santa Monica Bay, but carry suspended material from the mid-shelf to the beach in San Pedro Bay. It is clear that there are a large variety of processes that transport sediments and contaminants along and across the shelf in the central Southern California Bight. However, because these processes have a variety of frequencies and relatively small spatial scales, the dominant transport processes tend to be localized and have dissimilar characteristics even in adjacent regions of this small part of the coastal ocean. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2454(3.3)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Noble, M., Rosenberger, K., Hamilton, P., and Xu, J.P., 2009, Coastal ocean transport patterns in the central Southern California Bight: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 454, p. 193-226, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(3.3).","startPage":"193","endPage":"226","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214235,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(3.3)"},{"id":241935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"454","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f786e4b0c8380cd4cb7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noble, M.A.","contributorId":93513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenberger, K.J.","contributorId":82141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, P.","contributorId":42034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xu, J. P.","contributorId":74528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036919,"text":"70036919 - 2009 - Age, differential growth and mortality rates in unexploited populations of Florida gar, an apex predator in the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036919","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1659,"text":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age, differential growth and mortality rates in unexploited populations of Florida gar, an apex predator in the Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"Florida gar, Lepisosteus platyrhincus DeKay, were sampled in two canal systems in south Florida during 2000-2001 to estimate age, growth and mortality as part of the Everglades ecosystem-restoration effort. Tamiami (C-4) and L-31W canal systems had direct connections to natural wetlands of the Everglades and harboured large Florida gar populations. Of 476 fish aged, maximum ages were 19 and 10years for females and males, respectively. Maximum sizes were also larger for females compared with males (817 vs 602 mm total length). Overall, female Florida gar from both Tamiami and L-31W were larger at age than males from L-31W that, in turn, were larger at any given age than males from Tamiami. Females also had lower rates of annual mortality (Z = 0.21) than males from L-31W (Z = 0.31) or males from Tamiami (Z = 0.54). As a large and long-lived apex predator in the Everglades, Florida gar may structure lower trophic levels. Regional- and sex-specific population parameters for Florida gar will contribute to the simulation models designed to evaluate Everglades restoration alternatives. ?? 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2400.2009.00678.x","issn":"0969997X","usgsCitation":"Murie, D., Parkyn, D., Nico, L., Herod, J., and Loftus, W., 2009, Age, differential growth and mortality rates in unexploited populations of Florida gar, an apex predator in the Florida Everglades: Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 16, no. 4, p. 315-322, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2009.00678.x.","startPage":"315","endPage":"322","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217690,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2009.00678.x"},{"id":245650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8f5e4b0c8380cd47fe5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murie, D.J.","contributorId":89741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murie","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkyn, D.C.","contributorId":29245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkyn","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nico, L.G. 0000-0002-4488-7737","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-7737","contributorId":83052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nico","given":"L.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herod, J.J.","contributorId":28919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herod","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loftus, W.F.","contributorId":29363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftus","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033777,"text":"70033777 - 2009 - Allogenic sedimentary components of Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033777","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Allogenic sedimentary components of Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho","docAbstract":"Bear Lake is a long-lived lake filling a tectonic depression between the Bear River Range to the west and the Bear River Plateau to the east, and straddling the border between Utah and Idaho. Mineralogy, elemental geochemistry, and magnetic properties provide information about variations in provenance of allogenic lithic material in last-glacial-age, quartz-rich sediment in Bear Lake. Grain-size data from the siliciclastic fraction of late-glacial to Holocene carbonate-rich sediments provide information about variations in lake level. For the quartz-rich lower unit, which was deposited while the Bear River fl owed into and out of the lake, four source areas are recognized on the basis of modern fluvial samples with contrasting properties that reflect differences in bedrock geology and in magnetite content from dust. One of these areas is underlain by hematite-rich Uinta Mountain Group rocks in the headwaters of the Bear River. Although Uinta Mountain Group rocks make up a small fraction of the catchment, hematite-rich material from this area is an important component of the lower unit. This material is interpreted to be glacial fl our. Variations in the input of glacial flour are interpreted as having caused quasi-cyclical variations in mineralogical and elemental concentrations, and in magnetic properties within the lower unit. The carbonate-rich younger unit was deposited under conditions similar to those of the modern lake, with the Bear River largely bypassing the lake. For two cores taken in more than 30 m of water, median grain sizes in this unit range from ???6 ??m to more than 30 ??m, with the coarsest grain sizes associated with beach or shallow-water deposits. Similar grain-size variations are observed as a function of water depth in the modern lake and provide the basis for interpreting the core grain-size data in terms of lake level. Copyright ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2450(06)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Rosenbaum, J.G., Dean, W., Reynolds, R.L., and Reheis, M., 2009, Allogenic sedimentary components of Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 450, p. 145-168, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2450(06).","startPage":"145","endPage":"168","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214409,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2450(06)"}],"issue":"450","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e96de4b0c8380cd4829a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenbaum, J. G.","contributorId":96685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbaum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, R. L. 0000-0002-4572-2942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":79885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reheis, M.C. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":36128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033776,"text":"70033776 - 2009 - Persistence of effects of high sediment loading in a salmon-bearing river, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T14:42:01","indexId":"70033776","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence of effects of high sediment loading in a salmon-bearing river, northern California","docAbstract":"Regional high-magnitude rainstorms have produced several large floods in north coastal California during the last century, which resulted in extensive massmovement activity and channel aggradation. Channel monitoring in Redwood Creek, through the use of cross-sectional surveys, thalweg profi les, and pebble counts, has documented the persistence and routing of channel-stored sediment following these large floods in the 1960s and 1970s. Channel response varied on the basis of timing of peak aggradation. Channel-stored sediment was evacuated rapidly from the upstream third of the Redwood Creek channel, and the channel bed stabilized by 1985 as the bed coarsened. Currently only narrow remnants of flood deposits remain and are well vegetated. In the downstream reach, channel aggradation peaked in the 1990s, and the channel is still incising. Channel-bed elevations throughout the watershed showed an approximate exponential decrease with time, but decay rates were highest in areas with the thickest flood deposits. Pool frequencies and depths generally increased from 1977 to 1995, as did median residual water depths, but a 10 yr flood in 1997 resulted in a moderate reversal of this trend. Channel aggradation generated during 25 yr return interval floods has persisted in Redwood Creek for more than 30 yr and has impacted many life cycles of salmon. Watershed restoration work is currently focused on correcting erosion problems on hillslopes to reduce future sediment supply to Redwood Creek instead of attempting in-channel manipulations. ?? 2009 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2451(03)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Madej, M.A., and Ozaki, V., 2009, Persistence of effects of high sediment loading in a salmon-bearing river, northern California: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 451, p. 43-55, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2451(03).","startPage":"43","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214376,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2451(03)"}],"issue":"451","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76e6e4b0c8380cd7838a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madej, Mary Ann 0000-0003-2831-3773 mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-3773","contributorId":40304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madej","given":"Mary","email":"mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ozaki, V.","contributorId":8029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozaki","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035044,"text":"70035044 - 2009 - Validation of the rupture properties of the 2001 Kunlun, China (Ms = 8.1), earthquake from seismological and geological observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-01T20:04:53.00781","indexId":"70035044","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Validation of the rupture properties of the 2001 Kunlun, China (M<sub>s</sub> = 8.1), earthquake from seismological and geological observations","title":"Validation of the rupture properties of the 2001 Kunlun, China (Ms = 8.1), earthquake from seismological and geological observations","docAbstract":"<p><span>We determine the finite-fault slip distribution of the 2001 Kunlun earthquake (</span><i>M</i><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;= 8.1) by inverting teleseismic waveforms, as constrained by geological and remote sensing field observations. The spatial slip distribution along the 400-km-long fault was divided into five segments in accordance with geological observations. Forward modelling of regional surface waves was performed to estimate the variation of the speed of rupture propagation during faulting. For our modelling, the regional 1-D velocity structure was carefully constructed for each of six regional seismic stations using three events with magnitudes of 5.1–5.4 distributed along the ruptured portion of the Kunlun fault. Our result shows that the average rupture velocity is about 3.6 km s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, consistent with teleseismic long period wave modelling. The initial rupture was almost purely strike-slip with a rupture velocity of 1.9 km s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, increasing to 3.5 km s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in the second fault segment, and reaching a rupture velocity of about 6 km s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in the third segment and the fourth segment, where the maximum surface offset, with a broad fault zone, was observed. The rupture velocity decelerated to a value of 3.3 km s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in the fifth and final segment. Coseismic slip on the fault was concentrated between the surface and a depth of about 10 km. We infer that significant variations in rupture velocity and the observed fault segmentation are indicative of variations in strength along the interface of the Kunlun fault, as well as variations in fault geometry.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.04063.x","usgsCitation":"Wen, Y., Ma Kuo-Fong, Song, T.A., and Mooney, W.D., 2009, Validation of the rupture properties of the 2001 Kunlun, China (Ms = 8.1), earthquake from seismological and geological observations: Geophysical Journal International, v. 177, no. 2, p. 555-570, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.04063.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"555","endPage":"570","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476400,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2008.04063.x","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","state":"Qinghai Province","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              84.52880859375,\n              33.90689555128866\n            ],\n            [\n              104.4140625,\n              33.90689555128866\n            ],\n            [\n              104.4140625,\n              40.763901280945866\n            ],\n            [\n              84.52880859375,\n              40.763901280945866\n            ],\n            [\n              84.52880859375,\n              33.90689555128866\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"177","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc104e4b08c986b32a40d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wen, Yi-Ying","contributorId":256926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wen","given":"Yi-Ying","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ma Kuo-Fong","contributorId":198561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ma Kuo-Fong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Song, Teh-Ru Alex","contributorId":224693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Song","given":"Teh-Ru","email":"","middleInitial":"Alex","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036372,"text":"70036372 - 2009 - Characterizing canopy biochemistry from imaging spectroscopy and its application to ecosystem studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:04","indexId":"70036372","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing canopy biochemistry from imaging spectroscopy and its application to ecosystem studies","docAbstract":"For two decades, remotely sensed data from imaging spectrometers have been used to estimate non-pigment biochemical constituents of vegetation, including water, nitrogen, cellulose, and lignin. This interest has been motivated by the important role that these substances play in physiological processes such as photosynthesis, their relationships with ecosystem processes such as litter decomposition and nutrient cycling, and their use in identifying key plant species and functional groups. This paper reviews three areas of research to improve the application of imaging spectrometers to quantify non-pigment biochemical constituents of plants. First, we examine recent empirical and modeling studies that have advanced our understanding of leaf and canopy reflectance spectra in relation to plant biochemistry. Next, we present recent examples of how spectroscopic remote sensing methods are applied to characterize vegetation canopies, communities and ecosystems. Third, we highlight the latest developments in using imaging spectrometer data to quantify net primary production (NPP) over large geographic areas. Finally, we discuss the major challenges in quantifying non-pigment biochemical constituents of plant canopies from remotely sensed spectra.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2008.10.018","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Kokaly, R., Asner, G.P., Ollinger, S., Martin, M., and Wessman, C., 2009, Characterizing canopy biochemistry from imaging spectroscopy and its application to ecosystem studies: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. SUPPL. 1, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.10.018.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218142,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.10.018"},{"id":246127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4efe4b0c8380cd4bfff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kokaly, R.F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":42381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asner, Gregory P.","contributorId":25393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Asner","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":455773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ollinger, S.V.","contributorId":107967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ollinger","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, M.E.","contributorId":94097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wessman, C.A.","contributorId":48802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wessman","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034717,"text":"70034717 - 2009 - An ecological risk assessment of the acute and chronic toxicity of the herbicide picloram to the threatened bull trout <i>(salvelinus confluentus)</i> and the rainbow trout <i>(onchorhyncus mykiss)</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T10:13:05","indexId":"70034717","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An ecological risk assessment of the acute and chronic toxicity of the herbicide picloram to the threatened bull trout <i>(salvelinus confluentus)</i> and the rainbow trout <i>(onchorhyncus mykiss)</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>We conducted acute and chronic toxicity studies of the effects of picloram acid on the threatened bull trout (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Salvelinus confluentus</i><span>) and the standard coldwater surrogate rainbow trout (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>). Juvenile fish were chronically exposed for 30&nbsp;days in a proportional flow-through diluter to measured concentrations of 0, 0.30, 0.60, 1.18, 2.37, and 4.75&nbsp;mg/L picloram. No mortality of either species was observed at the highest concentration. Bull trout were twofold more sensitive to picloram (30-day maximum acceptable toxic concentration of 0.80&nbsp;mg/L) compared to rainbow trout (30-day maximum acceptable toxic concentration of 1.67&nbsp;mg/L) based on the endpoint of growth. Picloram was acutely toxic to rainbow trout at 36&nbsp;mg/L (96-h ALC50). The acute:chronic ratio for rainbow trout exposed to picloram was 22. The chronic toxicity of picloram was compared to modeled and measured environmental exposure concentrations (EECs) using a four-tiered system. The Tier 1, worst-case exposure estimate, based on a direct application of the current maximum use rate (1.1&nbsp;kg/ha picloram) to a standardized aquatic ecosystem (water body of 1-ha area and 1-m depth), resulted in an EEC of 0.73&nbsp;mg/L picloram and chronic risk quotients of 0.91 and 0.44 for bull trout and rainbow trout, respectively. Higher-tiered exposure estimates reduced chronic risk quotients 10-fold. Results of this study indicate that picloram, if properly applied according to the manufacturer’s label, poses little risk to the threatened bull trout or rainbow trout in northwestern rangeland environments on either an acute or a chronic basis.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-008-9227-1","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Fairchild, J., Feltz, K., Sappington, L., Allert, A., Nelson, K., and Valle, J., 2009, An ecological risk assessment of the acute and chronic toxicity of the herbicide picloram to the threatened bull trout <i>(salvelinus confluentus)</i> and the rainbow trout <i>(onchorhyncus mykiss)</i>: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 56, no. 4, p. 761-769, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9227-1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"761","endPage":"769","costCenters":[{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215984,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9227-1"},{"id":243823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea2ae4b0c8380cd48693","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fairchild, J.F.","contributorId":88891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feltz, K.P.","contributorId":28095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feltz","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sappington, L.C.","contributorId":76907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sappington","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allert, A.L.","contributorId":55987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allert","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, K.J.","contributorId":36957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Valle, J.","contributorId":8685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valle","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035630,"text":"70035630 - 2009 - Submarine landslides of the Southern California Borderland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035630","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine landslides of the Southern California Borderland","docAbstract":"Conventional bathymetry, sidescan-sonar and seismic-reflection data, and recent, multibeam surveys of large parts of the Southern California Borderland disclose the presence of numerous submarine landslides. Most of these features are fairly small, with lateral dimensions less than ??2 km. In areas where multibeam surveys are available, only two large landslide complexes were identified on the mainland slope- Goleta slide in Santa Barbara Channel and Palos Verdes debris avalanche on the San Pedro Escarpment south of Palos Verdes Peninsula. Both of these complexes indicate repeated recurrences of catastrophic slope failure. Recurrence intervals are not well constrained but appear to be in the range of 7500 years for the Goleta slide. The most recent major activity of the Palos Verdes debris avalanche occurred roughly 7500 years ago. A small failure deposit in Santa Barbara Channel, the Gaviota mudflow, was perhaps caused by an 1812 earthquake. Most landslides in this region are probably triggered by earthquakes, although the larger failures were likely conditioned by other factors, such as oversteepening, development of shelf-edge deltas, and high fluid pressures. If a subsequent future landslide were to occur in the area of these large landslide complexes, a tsunami would probably result. Runup distances of 10 m over a 30-km-long stretch of the Santa Barbara coastline are predicted for a recurrence of the Goleta slide, and a runup of 3 m over a comparable stretch of the Los Angeles coastline is modeled for the Palos Verdes debris avalanche. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2454(4.3)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Lee, H., Greene, H., Edwards, B.D., Fisher, M.A., and Normark, W.R., 2009, Submarine landslides of the Southern California Borderland: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 454, p. 251-269, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(4.3).","startPage":"251","endPage":"269","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216187,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(4.3)"},{"id":244040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"454","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d2de4b08c986b31d6b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, H.J.","contributorId":96693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":38958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"H. Gary","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":451554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, B. D.","contributorId":27056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034716,"text":"70034716 - 2009 - Frequency-domain Green's functions for radar waves in heterogeneous 2.5D media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034716","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Frequency-domain Green's functions for radar waves in heterogeneous 2.5D media","docAbstract":"Green's functions for radar waves propagating in heterogeneous 2.5D media might be calculated in the frequency domain using a hybrid method. The model is defined in the Cartesian coordinate system, and its electromagnetic properties might vary in the x- and z-directions, but not in the y-direction. Wave propagation in the x- and z-directions is simulated with the finite-difference method, and wave propagation in the y-direction is simulated with an analytic function. The absorbing boundaries on the finite-difference grid are perfectly matched layers that have been modified to make them compatible with the hybrid method. The accuracy of these numerical Greens functions is assessed by comparing them with independently calculated Green's functions. For a homogeneous model, the magnitude errors range from -4.16% through 0.44%, and the phase errors range from -0.06% through 4.86%. For a layered model, the magnitude errors range from -2.60% through 2.06%, and the phase errors range from -0.49% through 2.73%. These numerical Green's functions might be used for forward modeling and full waveform inversion. ?? 2009 Society of Exploration Geophysicists. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.1444055","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Ellefsen, K., Croize, D., Mazzella, A., and McKenna, J., 2009, Frequency-domain Green's functions for radar waves in heterogeneous 2.5D media: Geophysics, v. 74, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1444055.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215956,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444055"},{"id":243793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13d5e4b0c8380cd547cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellefsen, K.J. 0000-0003-3075-4703","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":12061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Croize, D.","contributorId":47192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croize","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mazzella, A.T.","contributorId":58455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazzella","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKenna, J.R.","contributorId":108336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035631,"text":"70035631 - 2009 - Habitat-specific breeder survival of Florida Scrub-Jays: Inferences from multistate models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035631","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat-specific breeder survival of Florida Scrub-Jays: Inferences from multistate models","docAbstract":"Quantifying habitat-specific survival and changes in habitat quality within disturbance-prone habitats is critical for understanding population dynamics and variation in fitness, and for managing degraded ecosystems. We used 18 years of color-banding data and multistate capture-recapture models to test whether habitat quality within territories influences survival and detection probability of breeding Florida Scrub-Jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) and to estimate bird transition probabilities from one territory quality state to another. Our study sites were along central Florida's Atlantic coast and included two of the four largest metapopulations within the species range. We developed Markov models for habitat transitions and compared these to bird transition probabilities. Florida Scrub-Jay detection probabilities ranged from 0.88 in the tall territory state to 0.99 in the optimal state; detection probabilities were intermediate in the short state. Transition probabilities were similar for birds and habitat in grid cells mapped independently of birds. Thus, bird transitions resulted primarily from habitat transitions between states over time and not from bird movement. Survival ranged from 0.71 in the short state to 0.82 in the optimal state, with tall states being intermediate. We conclude that average Florida Scrub-Jay survival will remain at levels that lead to continued population declines because most current habitat quality is only marginally suitable across most of the species range. Improvements in habitat are likely to be slow and difficult because tall states are resistant to change and the optimal state represents an intermediate transitional stage. The multistate modeling approach to quantifying survival and habitat transition probabilities is useful for quantifying habitat transition probabilities and comparing them to bird transition probabilities to test for habitat selection in dynamic environments. ?? 2009 by the Ecological society ot America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/08-1123.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Breininger, D., Nichols, J., Carter, G., and Oddy, D., 2009, Habitat-specific breeder survival of Florida Scrub-Jays: Inferences from multistate models: Ecology, v. 90, no. 11, p. 3180-3189, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1123.1.","startPage":"3180","endPage":"3189","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":501653,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/facultybib2000/7048","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216188,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-1123.1"},{"id":244041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f4ce4b0c8380cd5cc75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breininger, D.R.","contributorId":62856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breininger","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, G.M.","contributorId":54429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oddy, D.M.","contributorId":30845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oddy","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035864,"text":"70035864 - 2009 - Investigating local variation in groundwater recharge along a topographic gradient, Walnut Creek, Iowa, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70035864","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigating local variation in groundwater recharge along a topographic gradient, Walnut Creek, Iowa, USA","docAbstract":"Groundwater recharge is an important component to hydrologic studies but is known to vary considerably across the landscape. The purpose of this study was to examine 4 years of water-level behavior in a transect of four water-table wells installed at Walnut Creek, Iowa, USA to evaluate how groundwater recharge varied along a topographic gradient. The amount of daily water-table rise (WTR) in the wells was summed at monthly and annual scales and estimates of specific yield (Sy) were used to convert the WTR to recharge. At the floodplain site, Sy was estimated from the ratio of WTR to total rainfall and in the uplands was based on the ratio of baseflow to WTR. In the floodplain, where the water table is shallow, recharge occurred throughout the year whenever precipitation occurred. In upland areas where the water table was deeper, WTR occurred in a stepped fashion and varied by season. Results indicated that the greatest amount of water-table rise over the 4-year period was observed in the floodplain (379 mm), followed by the upland (211 mm) and sideslopes (122 mm). Incorporating spatial variability in recharge in a watershed will improve groundwater resource evaluation and flow and transport modeling. ?? Springer-Verlag 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-008-0347-5","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Schilling, K.E., 2009, Investigating local variation in groundwater recharge along a topographic gradient, Walnut Creek, Iowa, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 17, no. 2, p. 397-407, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0347-5.","startPage":"397","endPage":"407","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216322,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0347-5"},{"id":244185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e6be4b0c8380cd63d82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70176163,"text":"70176163 - 2009 - Using a coupled groundwater/surfacewater model to predict climate-change impacts to lakes in the Trout Lake watershed, Northern Wisconsin","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70176163,"text":"70176163 - 2009 - Using a coupled groundwater/surfacewater model to predict climate-change impacts to lakes in the Trout Lake watershed, Northern Wisconsin","indexId":"70176163","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Using a coupled groundwater/surfacewater model to predict climate-change impacts to lakes in the Trout Lake watershed, Northern Wisconsin"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":97928,"text":"sir20095049 - 2009 - Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","indexId":"sir20095049","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":97928,"text":"sir20095049 - 2009 - Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","indexId":"sir20095049","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-30T15:24:37","indexId":"70176163","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using a coupled groundwater/surfacewater model to predict climate-change impacts to lakes in the Trout Lake watershed, Northern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>A major focus of the U.S. Geological Survey&rsquo;s Trout Lake Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) project is the development of a watershed model to allow predictions of hydrologic response to future conditions including land-use and climate change. The coupled groundwater/surface-water model GSFLOW was chosen for this purpose because it could easily incorporate an existing groundwater flow model and it provides for simulation of surface-water processes. The Trout Lake watershed in northern Wisconsin is underlain by a highly conductive outwash sand aquifer. In this area, streamflow is dominated by groundwater contributions; however, surface runoff occurs during intense rainfall periods and spring snowmelt. Surface runoff also occurs locally near stream/lake areas where the unsaturated zone is thin. A diverse data set, collected from 1992 to 2007 for the Trout Lake WEBB project and the co-located and NSF-funded North Temperate Lakes LTER project, includes snowpack, solar radiation, potential evapotranspiration, lake levels, groundwater levels, and streamflow. The timeseries processing software TSPROC (Doherty 2003) was used to distill the large time series data set to a smaller set of observations and summary statistics that captured the salient hydrologic information. The timeseries processing reduced hundreds of thousands of observations to less than 5,000. Model calibration included specific predictions for several lakes in the study area using the PEST parameter estimation suite of software (Doherty 2007). The calibrated model was used to simulate the hydrologic response in the study&nbsp;lakes to a variety of climate change scenarios culled from the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Solomon et al. 2007). Results from the simulations indicate climate change could result in substantial changes to the lake levels and components of the hydrologic budget of a seepage lake in the flow system. For a drainage lake lower in the flow system, the impacts of climate change are diminished.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation (SIR2009-5049)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Third interagency conference on research in the watersheds","conferenceDate":"September 8-11, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Walker, J.F., Hunt, R.J., Markstrom, S., Hay, L.E., and Doherty, J., 2009, Using a coupled groundwater/surfacewater model to predict climate-change impacts to lakes in the Trout Lake watershed, Northern Wisconsin, <i>in</i> Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation (SIR2009-5049), Estes Park, CO, September 8-11, 2008, p. 155-161.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"161","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":328067,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328066,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5049/pdf/Walker.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6b1b6e4b0f2f0cebe73c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, John F. jfwalker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"John","email":"jfwalker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doherty, John","contributorId":43843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035914,"text":"70035914 - 2009 - Benthic nutrient sources to hypereutrophic Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:39:25","indexId":"70035914","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Benthic nutrient sources to hypereutrophic Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Three collecting trips were coordinated in April, May, and August 2006 to sample the water column and benthos of hypereutrophic Upper Klamath Lake (OR, USA) through the annual cyanophyte bloom of&nbsp;</span><i>Aphanizomenon flos‐aquae</i><span>. A pore‐water profiler was designed and fabricated to obtain the first high‐resolution (centimeter‐scale) estimates of the vertical concentration gradients of macro‐ and micronutrients for diffusive‐flux determinations. A consistently positive benthic flux for soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) was observed with solute release from the sediment, ranging between 0.4 and 6.1 mg/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/d. The mass flux over an approximate 200‐km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;lake area was comparable in magnitude to riverine inputs. An additional concern related to fish toxicity was identified when dissolved ammonium also displayed consistently positive benthic fluxes of 4 to 134 mg/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/d, again comparable to riverine inputs. Although phosphorus was a logical initial choice by water quality managers for the limiting nutrient when nitrogen‐fixing cyanophytes dominate, initial trace‐element results from the lake and major inflowing tributaries suggested that the role of iron limitation on primary productivity should be investigated. Dissolved iron became depleted in the lake water column during the course of the algal bloom, while dissolved ammonium and SRP increased. Elevated macroinvertebrate densities, at least of the order of 10</span><sup>4</sup><span>individuals/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>, suggested that the diffusive‐flux estimates may be significantly enhanced by bioturbation. In addition, heat‐flux modeling indicated that groundwater advection of nutrients could also significantly contribute to internal nutrient loading. Accurate environmental assessments of lentic systems and reasonable expectations for point‐source management require quantitative consideration of internal solute sources.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/08-207.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J., Topping, B., Lynch, D.D., Carter, J., and Essaid, H., 2009, Benthic nutrient sources to hypereutrophic Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 28, no. 3, p. 516-524, https://doi.org/10.1897/08-207.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"516","endPage":"524","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216146,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/08-207.1"},{"id":243994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0c2e4b0c8380cd4a8cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, J.S.","contributorId":57905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topping, B.R.","contributorId":97541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lynch, D. D.","contributorId":12075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carter, J.L.","contributorId":26030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Essaid, H.I.","contributorId":22342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"H.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035912,"text":"70035912 - 2009 - The regional and global significance of nitrogen removal in lakes and reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T13:36:46","indexId":"70035912","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The regional and global significance of nitrogen removal in lakes and reservoirs","docAbstract":"Human activities have greatly increased the transport of biologically available nitrogen (N) through watersheds to potentially sensitive coastal ecosystems. Lentic water bodies (lakes and reservoirs) have the potential to act as important sinks for this reactive N as it is transported across the landscape because they offer ideal conditions for N burial in sediments or permanent loss via denitrification. However, the patterns and controls on lentic N removal have not been explored in great detail at large regional to global scales. In this paper we describe, evaluate, and apply a new, spatially explicit, annual-scale, global model of lentic N removal called NiRReLa (Nitrogen Retention in Reservoirs and Lakes). The NiRReLa model incorporates small lakes and reservoirs than have been included in previous global analyses, and also allows for separate treatment and analysis of reservoirs and natural lakes. Model runs for the mid-1990s indicate that lentic systems are indeed important sinks for N and are conservatively estimated to remove 19.7 Tg N year<sup>-1</sup> from watersheds globally. Small lakes (&lt;50 km<sup>2</sup>) were critical in the analysis, retaining almost half (9.3 Tg N year <sup>-1</sup>) of the global total. In model runs, capacity of lakes and reservoirs to remove watershed N varied substantially at the half-degree scale (0-100%) both as a function of climate and the density of lentic systems. Although reservoirs occupy just 6% of the global lentic surface area, we estimate they retain ~33% of the total N removed by lentic systems, due to a combination of higher drainage ratios (catchment surface area:lake or reservoir surface area), higher apparent settling velocities for N, and greater average N loading rates in reservoirs than in lakes. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of NiRReLa suggests that, on-average, N removal within lentic systems will respond more strongly to changes in land use and N loading than to changes in climate at the global scale. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10533-008-9272-x","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Harrison, J., Maranger, R., Alexander, R.B., Giblin, A.E., Jacinthe, P., Mayorga, E., Seitzinger, S., Sobota, D.J., and Wollheim, W.M., 2009, The regional and global significance of nitrogen removal in lakes and reservoirs: Biogeochemistry, v. 93, no. 1-2, p. 143-157, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-008-9272-x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-006189","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476243,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/3097","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243961,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216115,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-008-9272-x"}],"volume":"93","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf04e4b08c986b3244be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrison, J. A.","contributorId":73434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrison","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maranger, R.J.","contributorId":17448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maranger","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alexander, Richard B. 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Giblin, A. E.","contributorId":88505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giblin","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jacinthe, P.-A.","contributorId":48787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacinthe","given":"P.-A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mayorga, Emilio","contributorId":25790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayorga","given":"Emilio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Seitzinger, S.P.","contributorId":83704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seitzinger","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sobota, D. J.","contributorId":15419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sobota","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wollheim, W. M.","contributorId":10912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wollheim","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70036782,"text":"70036782 - 2009 - A grid-doubling finite-element technique for calculating dynamic three-dimensional spontaneous rupture on an earthquake fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T15:09:34","indexId":"70036782","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A grid-doubling finite-element technique for calculating dynamic three-dimensional spontaneous rupture on an earthquake fault","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present a new finite-element technique for calculating dynamic 3-D spontaneous rupture on an earthquake fault, which can reduce the required computational resources by a factor of six or more, without loss of accuracy. The grid-doubling technique employs small cells in a thin layer surrounding the fault. The remainder of the modelling volume is filled with larger cells, typically two or four times as large as the small cells. In the resulting non-conforming mesh, an interpolation method is used to join the thin layer of smaller cells to the volume of larger cells. Grid-doubling is effective because spontaneous rupture calculations typically require higher spatial resolution on and near the fault than elsewhere in the model volume. The technique can be applied to non-planar faults by morphing, or smoothly distorting, the entire mesh to produce the desired 3-D fault geometry. Using our FaultMod finite-element software, we have tested grid-doubling with both slip-weakening and rate-and-state friction laws, by running the SCEC/USGS 3-D dynamic rupture benchmark problems. We have also applied it to a model of the Hayward fault, Northern California, which uses realistic fault geometry and rock properties. FaultMod implements fault slip using common nodes, which represent motion common to both sides of the fault, and differential nodes, which represent motion of one side of the fault relative to the other side. We describe how to modify the traction-at-split-nodes method to work with common and differential nodes, using an implicit time stepping algorithm.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04190.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Barall, M., 2009, A grid-doubling finite-element technique for calculating dynamic three-dimensional spontaneous rupture on an earthquake fault: Geophysical Journal International, v. 178, no. 2, p. 845-859, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04190.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"845","endPage":"859","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-008423","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476135,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2009.04190.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217824,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04190.x"}],"volume":"178","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e40de4b0c8380cd463a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barall, Michael mbarall@usgs.gov","contributorId":2595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barall","given":"Michael","email":"mbarall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036564,"text":"70036564 - 2009 - Laboratory and field testing of commercial rotational seismometers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036564","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laboratory and field testing of commercial rotational seismometers","docAbstract":"There are a small number of commercially available sensors to measure rotational motion in the frequency and amplitude ranges appropriate for earthquake motions on the ground and in structures. However, the performance of these rotational seismometers has not been rigorously and independently tested and characterized for earthquake monitoring purposes as is done for translational strong- and weak-motion seismometers. Quantities such as sensitivity, frequency response, resolution, and linearity are needed for the understanding of recorded rotational data. To address this need, we, with assistance from colleagues in the United States and Taiwan, have been developing performance test methodologies and equipment for rotational seismometers. In this article the performance testing methodologies are applied to samples of a commonly used commercial rotational seismometer, the eentec model R-1. Several examples were obtained for various test sequences in 2006, 2007, and 2008. Performance testing of these sensors consisted of measuring: (1) sensitivity and frequency response; (2) clip level; (3) self noise and resolution; and (4) cross-axis sensitivity, both rotational and translational. These sensor-specific results will assist in understanding the performance envelope of the R-1 rotational seismometer, and the test methodologies can be applied to other rotational seismometers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120080247","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Nigbor, R., Evans, J., and Hutt, C., 2009, Laboratory and field testing of commercial rotational seismometers: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 2 B, p. 1215-1227, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080247.","startPage":"1215","endPage":"1227","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217871,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080247"},{"id":245844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"2 B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4101e4b0c8380cd65212","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nigbor, R.L.","contributorId":30699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nigbor","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, J.R.","contributorId":50526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutt, C. R. 0000-0001-9033-9195","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9195","contributorId":61910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035546,"text":"70035546 - 2009 - Hydrogeologic structure underlying a recharge pond delineated with shear-wave seismic reflection and cone penetrometer data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035546","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2850,"text":"Near Surface Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeologic structure underlying a recharge pond delineated with shear-wave seismic reflection and cone penetrometer data","docAbstract":"With the goal of improving the understanding of the subsurface structure beneath the Harkins Slough recharge pond in Pajaro Valley, California, USA, we have undertaken a multimodal approach to develop a robust velocity model to yield an accurate seismic reflection section. Our shear-wave reflection section helps us identify and map an important and previously unknown flow barrier at depth; it also helps us map other relevant structure within the surficial aquifer. Development of an accurate velocity model is essential for depth conversion and interpretation of the reflection section. We incorporate information provided by shear-wave seismic methods along with cone penetrometer testing and seismic cone penetrometer testing measurements. One velocity model is based on reflected and refracted arrivals and provides reliable velocity estimates for the full depth range of interest when anchored on interface depths determined from cone data and borehole drillers' logs. A second velocity model is based on seismic cone penetrometer testing data that provide higher-resolution ID velocity columns with error estimates within the depth range of the cone penetrometer testing. Comparison of the reflection/refraction model with the seismic cone penetrometer testing model also suggests that the mass of the cone truck can influence velocity with the equivalent effect of approximately one metre of extra overburden stress. Together, these velocity models and the depth-converted reflection section result in a better constrained hydrologic model of the subsurface and illustrate the pivotal role that cone data can provide in the reflection processing workflow. ?? 2009 European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Near Surface Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"15694445","usgsCitation":"Haines, S., Pidlisecky, A., and Knight, R., 2009, Hydrogeologic structure underlying a recharge pond delineated with shear-wave seismic reflection and cone penetrometer data: Near Surface Geophysics, v. 7, no. 5-6, p. 329-339.","startPage":"329","endPage":"339","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3403e4b0c8380cd5f427","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, S.S. 0000-0003-2611-8165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":33402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pidlisecky, Adam","contributorId":94877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pidlisecky","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knight, R.","contributorId":22717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034720,"text":"70034720 - 2009 - Aroclor 1248 exposure leads to immunomodulation, decreased disease resistance and endocrine disruption in the brown bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-08T08:04:54","indexId":"70034720","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aroclor 1248 exposure leads to immunomodulation, decreased disease resistance and endocrine disruption in the brown bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus","docAbstract":"The brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus is a species of the family Ictaluridae commonly used as a sentinel of environmental contamination. While these fish have been utilized for this purpose in areas contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), few controlled, laboratory-based studies have been designed to document the effects of PCB mixtures in this species. Here, brown bullhead were exposed to the PCB mixture, Aroclor 1248, via intraperitoneal injection and the effects on immune function, plasma hormones and disease resistance were evaluated. Exposure to this mixture led to a decrease in bactericidal activity and circulating antibodies to Edwardsiella ictaluri present from a previous exposure to this pathogen. A subsequent E. ictaluri disease challenge led to significantly higher mortality in A1248 treated fish compared to vehicle-control fish. The mitogenic response to the T-cell mitogen, phytohemaglutinin-P, was increased compared to vehicle-control fish. The steroid hormone, cortisol, and the thyroid hormone, T3, were also significantly lower in A1248 exposed fish. In summary, we have validated a number of functional immune assays for application in brown bullhead immunotoxicity studies. Additionally, we have demonstrated that the PCB mixture (A1248) modulates both immune function and endocrine physiology in brown bullhead. Such data may compliment the interpretation of data yielded from applied field studies conducted in PCB contaminated aquatic ecosystems.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.03.008","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Iwanowicz, L., Blazer, V., McCormick, S., Van Veld, P., and Ottinger, C., 2009, Aroclor 1248 exposure leads to immunomodulation, decreased disease resistance and endocrine disruption in the brown bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 93, no. 1, p. 70-82, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.03.008.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"82","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216016,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.03.008"}],"volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed7ee4b0c8380cd49832","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iwanowicz, L. R. 0000-0002-1197-6178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1197-6178","contributorId":43864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"L. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Veld, P.A.","contributorId":77729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Veld","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ottinger, C. A. 0000-0003-2551-1985","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2551-1985","contributorId":8796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
]}