Recent national concerns regarding the environmental occurrence of emerging contaminants (ECs) have catalyzed a series of recent studies. Many ECs are released into the environment through discharges from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and other sources. In 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey and the City of Longmont initiated an investigation of selected ECs in a 13.8‐km reach of St. Vrain Creek, Colorado. Seven sites were sampled for ECs following a Lagrangian design; sites were located upstream, downstream, and in the outfall of the Longmont WWTP, and at the mouths of two tributaries, Left Hand Creek and Boulder Creek (which is influenced by multiple WWTP outfalls). Samples for 61 ECs in 16 chemical use categories were analyzed and 36 were detected in one or more samples. Of these, 16 have known or suspected endocrine‐disrupting potential. At and downstream from the WWTP outfall, detergent metabolites, fire retardants, and steroids were detected at the highest concentrations, which commonly exceeded 1 μg/l in 2005 and 2 μg/l in 2006. Most individual ECs were measured at concentrations less than 2 μg/l. The results indicate that outfalls from WWTPs are the largest but may not be the sole source of ECs in St. Vrain Creek. In 2005, high discharge was associated with fewer EC detections, lower total EC concentrations, and smaller EC loads in St. Vrain Creek and its tributaries as compared with 2006. EC behavior differed by individual compound, and some differences between sites could be attributed to analytical variability or to other factors such as physical or chemical characteristics or distance from contributing sources. Loads of some ECs, such as diethoxynonylphenol, accumulated or attenuated depending on location, discharge, and distance downstream from the WWTP, whereas others, such as bisphenol A, were largely conservative. The extent to which ECs in St. Vrain Creek affect native fish species and macroinvertebrate communities is unknown, but recent studies have shown that fish respond to very low concentrations of ECs, and further study on the fate and transport of these contaminants in the aquatic environment is warranted.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00290.x","issn":"10934","usgsCitation":"Brown, J., Battaglin, W., and Zuellig, R., 2009, Lagrangian sampling for emerging contaminants through an urban stream corridor in Colorado: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 45, no. 1, p. 68-82, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00290.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"82","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476364,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00290.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213581,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00290.x"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4135e4b0c8380cd653af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, J.B.","contributorId":91307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Battaglin, W.A.","contributorId":16376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zuellig, R.E.","contributorId":37045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuellig","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035603,"text":"70035603 - 2009 - Sediment accumulation on the Southern California Bight continental margin during the twentieth century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035603","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment accumulation on the Southern California Bight continental margin during the twentieth century","docAbstract":"Sediment discharged into the portion of the Southern California Bight extending from Santa Barbara to Dana Point enters a complex system of semi-isolated coastal cells, narrow continental shelves, submarine canyons, and offshore basins. On both the Santa Monica and San Pedro margins, 210Pb accumulation rates decrease in an offshore direction (from ??0.5 g cm-2yr-1 to 0.02 g cm-2yr -1), in concert with a fining in sediment grain size (from 4.5?? to 8.5??), suggesting that offshore transport of wave-resuspended material occurs as relatively dilute nepheloid layers and that hemiplegic sedimentation dominates the supply of sediment to the outer shelf, slope, and basins. Together, these areas are effectively sequestering up to 100% of the annual fluvial input. In contrast to the Santa Monica margin, which does not display evidence of mass wasting as an important process of sediment delivery and redistribution, the San Pedro margin does provide numerous examples of failures and mass wasting, suggesting that intraslope sediment redistribution may play a more important role there. Basin deposits in both areas exhibit evidence of turbidites tentatively associated with both major floods and earthquakes, sourced from either the Redondo Canyon (San Pedro Basin) or Dume Canyon (Santa Monica Basin). On the Palos Verdes shelf, sediment-accumulation rates decrease along and across the shelf away from the White's Point outfall, which has been a major source of contaminants to the shelf deposits. Accumulation rates prior to the construction of the outfall were ??0.2 g cm-2yr-1 and increased 1.5-3.7 times during peak discharges from the outfall in 1971. The distal rate of accumulation has decreased by ??50%, from 0.63 g cm -2yr-1 during the period 1971-1992 to 0.29 g cm -2yr-1 during the period 1992-2003. The proximal rate of accumulation, however, has only decreased ??10%, from 0.83 g cm -2yr-1 during the period 1971-1992 to 0.73 g cm -2yr-1 during the period 1992-2003. Effluent-affected sediment layers on the Palos Verdes shelf can be identified in seabed profiles of naturally occurring 238U, which is sequestered in reducing sediments. The Santa Clara River shelf, just north and west of the Santa Monica and San Pedro margins, is fine-grained and flood-dominated. Core profiles of excess 210Pb from sites covering the extent of documented major flood deposition exhibit evidence of rapidly deposited sediment up to 25 cm thick. These beds are developing in an active depocenter in water depths of 30-50 m at an average rate of 0.72 g cm-2yr-1. Budget calculations for annual and 50-yr timescale sediment storage on this shelf shows that 20%-30% of the sediment discharge is retained on the shelf, leaving 70%-80% to be redistributed to the outer shelf, slope, Santa Barbara Basin, and Santa Monica Basin. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2454(2.4)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Alexander, C.R., and Lee, H., 2009, Sediment accumulation on the Southern California Bight continental margin during the twentieth century: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 454, p. 69-87, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(2.4).","startPage":"69","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216271,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(2.4)"},{"id":244134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"454","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8951e4b08c986b316d9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, C. R.","contributorId":88855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexander","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, H.J.","contributorId":96693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035992,"text":"70035992 - 2009 - Integrated analysis of PALSAR/Radarsat-1 InSAR and ENVISAT altimeter data for mapping of absolute water level changes in Louisiana wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T12:27:03","indexId":"70035992","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated analysis of PALSAR/Radarsat-1 InSAR and ENVISAT altimeter data for mapping of absolute water level changes in Louisiana wetlands","docAbstract":"Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has been used to detect relative water level changes in wetlands. We developed an innovative method to integrate InSAR and satellite radar altimetry for measuring absolute or geocentric water level changes and applied the methodology to remote areas of swamp forest in coastal Louisiana. Coherence analysis of InSAR pairs suggested that the HH polarization is preferred for this type of observation, and polarimetric analysis can help to identify double-bounce backscattering areas in the wetland. ENVISAT radar altimeter-measured 18-Hz (along-track sampling of 417 m) water level data processed with regional stackfile method have been used to provide vertical references for water bodies separated by levees. The high-resolution (~ 40 m) relative water changes measured from ALOS PALSAR L-band and Radarsat-1 C-band InSAR are then integrated with ENVISAT radar altimetry to obtain absolute water level. The resulting water level time series were validated with in situ gauge observations within the swamp forest. We anticipate that this new technique will allow retrospective reconstruction and concurrent monitoring of water conditions and flow dynamics in wetlands, especially those lacking gauge networks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2009.06.014","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Kim, J., Lu, Z., Lee, H., Shum, C., Swarzenski, C., Doyle, T., and Baek, S., 2009, Integrated analysis of PALSAR/Radarsat-1 InSAR and ENVISAT altimeter data for mapping of absolute water level changes in Louisiana wetlands: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 11, p. 2356-2365, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.06.014.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2356","endPage":"2365","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-017650","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216504,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.06.014"}],"volume":"113","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c59e4b0c8380cd62c8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, J.-W.","contributorId":75731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"J.-W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, H.","contributorId":40739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shum, C. K.","contributorId":85373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shum","given":"C. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swarzenski, C.M.","contributorId":74856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Doyle, T.W. 0000-0001-5754-0671","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":16783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"T.W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Baek, S.-H.","contributorId":84187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baek","given":"S.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70036781,"text":"70036781 - 2009 - Impacts of stormwater runoff in the Southern California Bight: Relationships among plume constituents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:58","indexId":"70036781","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of stormwater runoff in the Southern California Bight: Relationships among plume constituents","docAbstract":"The effects from two winter rain storms on the coastal ocean of the Southern California Bight were examined as part of the Bight '03 program during February 2004 and February-March 2005. The impacts of stormwater from fecal indicator bacteria, water column toxicity, and nutrients were evaluated for five major river discharges: the Santa Clara River, Ballona Creek, the San Pedro Shelf (including the Los Angeles, San Gabriel, and Santa Ana Rivers), the San Diego River, and the Tijuana River. Exceedances of bacterial standards were observed in most of the systems. However, the areas of impact were generally spatially limited, and contaminant concentrations decreased below California Ocean Plan standards typically within 2-3 days. The largest bacterial concentrations occurred in the Tijuana River system where exceedances of fecal indicator bacteria were noted well away from the river mouth. Maximum nitrate concentrations (~40 ??M) occurred in the San Pedro Shelf region near the mouth of the Los Angeles River. Based on the results of general linear models, individual sources of stormwater differ in both nutrient concentrations and the concentration and composition of fecal indicator bacteria. While nutrients appeared to decrease in plume waters due to simple mixing and dilution, the concentration of fecal indicator bacteria in plumes depends on more than loading and dilution rates. The relationships between contaminants (nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria) and plume indicators (salinity and total suspended solids) were not strong indicating the presence of other potentially important sources and/or sinks of both nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria. California Ocean Plan standards were often exceeded in waters containing greater than 10% stormwater (<28-30 salinity range). The median concentration dropped below the standard in the 32-33 salinity range (1-4% stormwater) for total coliforms and Enterococcus spp. and in the 28-30 salinity range (10-16% stormwater) for fecal coliforms. Nutrients showed a similar pattern with the highest median concentrations in water with greater than 10% stormwater. Relationships between colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and salinity and between total suspended solids and beam attenuation indicate that readily measurable, optically active variables can be used as proxies to provide at least a qualitative, if not quantitative, evaluation of the distribution of the dissolved, as well as the particulate, components of stormwater plumes. In this context, both CDOM absorption and the beam attenuation coefficient can be derived from satellite ocean color measurements of inherent optical properties suggesting that remote sensing of ocean color should be useful in mapping the spatial areas and durations of impacts from these contaminants. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2009.06.011","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Reifel, K., Johnson, S., DiGiacomo, P., Mengel, M., Nezlin, N., Warrick, J., and Jones, B., 2009, Impacts of stormwater runoff in the Southern California Bight: Relationships among plume constituents: Continental Shelf Research, v. 29, no. 15, p. 1821-1835, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2009.06.011.","startPage":"1821","endPage":"1835","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217823,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2009.06.011"}],"volume":"29","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38f6e4b0c8380cd6175f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reifel, K.M.","contributorId":49327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reifel","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, S.C.","contributorId":93008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DiGiacomo, P.M.","contributorId":39501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiGiacomo","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mengel, M.J.","contributorId":21267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mengel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nezlin, N.P.","contributorId":77644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nezlin","given":"N.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Warrick, J.A.","contributorId":53503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jones, B.H.","contributorId":96810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70034850,"text":"70034850 - 2009 - Methylmercury enters an aquatic food web through acidophilic microbial mats in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T15:20:29.282436","indexId":"70034850","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1548,"text":"Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methylmercury enters an aquatic food web through acidophilic microbial mats in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Microbial mats are a visible and abundant life form inhabiting the extreme environments in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), WY, USA. Little is known of their role in food webs that exist in the Park's geothermal habitats. Eukaryotic green algae associated with a phototrophic green/purple Zygogonium microbial mat community that inhabits low-temperature regions of acidic (pH ∼ 3.0) thermal springs were found to serve as a food source for stratiomyid (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae. Mercury in spring source water was taken up and concentrated by the mat biomass. Monomethylmercury compounds (MeHg+), while undetectable or near the detection limit (0.025 ng l−1) in the source water of the springs, was present at concentrations of 4–7 ng g−1 dry weight of mat biomass. Detection of MeHg+ in tracheal tissue of larvae grazing the mat suggests that MeHg+ enters this geothermal food web through the phototrophic microbial mat community. The concentration of MeHg+ was two to five times higher in larval tissue than mat biomass indicating MeHg+ biomagnification occurred between primary producer and primary consumer trophic levels. The Zygogonium mat community and stratiomyid larvae may also play a role in the transfer of MeHg+ to species in the food web whose range extends beyond a particular geothermal feature of YNP.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01820.x","issn":"14622912","usgsCitation":"Boyd, E.S., King, S., Tomberlin, J., Nordstrom, D.K., Krabbenhoft, D., Barkay, T., and Geesey, G.G., 2009, Methylmercury enters an aquatic food web through acidophilic microbial mats in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: Environmental Microbiology, v. 11, no. 4, p. 950-959, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01820.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"950","endPage":"959","ipdsId":"IP-008138","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476183,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01820.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.0443115234375,\n 44.02047156335411\n ],\n [\n -109.6710205078125,\n 44.02047156335411\n ],\n [\n -109.6710205078125,\n 44.98811302615805\n ],\n [\n -111.0443115234375,\n 44.98811302615805\n ],\n [\n -111.0443115234375,\n 44.02047156335411\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a561ce4b0c8380cd6d35f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyd, Eric S. 0000-0003-4436-5856","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4436-5856","contributorId":89739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, S.","contributorId":91323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tomberlin, J.K.","contributorId":30843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomberlin","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barkay, T.","contributorId":57617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barkay","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Geesey, G. G.","contributorId":86989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geesey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70037220,"text":"70037220 - 2009 - Fish passage and abundance around grade control structures on incised streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037220","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Fish passage and abundance around grade control structures on incised streams","docAbstract":"This paper summarizes research from separate studies of fish passage over weirs (Larson et al., 2004; Litvan, 2006; Litvan, et al., 2008a-c) and weir hydraulics (Papanicolaou and Dermisis, 2006; Papanicolaou and Dermisis, in press). Channel incision in the deep loess region of western Iowa has caused decreased biodiversity because streams have high sediment loads, altered flow regimes, lost habitat, and lost lateral connectivity with their former floodplains. In-stream grade control structures (GCS) are built to prevent further erosion, protect infrastructure, and reduce sediment loads. However, GCS can have a detrimental impact on fisheries abundance and migration, biodiversity, and longitudinal connectivity. Fish mark-recapture studies were performed on stretches of streams with and without GCS. GCS with vertical or 1:4 (rise/run) downstream slopes did not allow fish migration, but GCS with slopes ??? 1:15 did. GCS sites were characterized by greater proportions of pool habitat, maximum depths, fish biomass, slightly higher index of biotic integrity (IBI) scores, and greater macroinvertebrate abundance and diversity than non-GCS sites. After modification of three GCS, IBI scores increased and fish species exhibiting truncated distributions before were found throughout the study area. Another study examined the hydraulic performance of GCS to facilitate unimpeded fish passage by determining the mean and turbulent flow characteristics in the vicinity of the GCS via detailed, non-intrusive field tests. Mean flow depth (Y) and velocity (V) atop the GCS were critical for evaluating GCS performance. Turbulent flow measurements illustrated that certain GCS designs cause sudden constrictions which form eddies large enough to disorient fish. GCS with slopes ??? 1:15 best met the minimum requirements to allow catfish passage of a flow depth of ??? 0.31 m and a mean flow velocity of ??? 1.22 m/s. ?? 2009 ASCE.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers","conferenceTitle":"World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers","conferenceDate":"17 May 2009 through 21 May 2009","conferenceLocation":"Kansas City, MO","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/41036(342)312","isbn":"9780784410363","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J., Papanicolaou, A., Pierce, C., Dermisis, D., Litvan, M., and Larson, C., 2009, Fish passage and abundance around grade control structures on incised streams, in Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers, v. 342, Kansas City, MO, 17 May 2009 through 21 May 2009, p. 3082-3091, https://doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)312.","startPage":"3082","endPage":"3091","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476273,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1015&context=nrem_conf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":217253,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)312"},{"id":245184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"342","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10a0e4b0c8380cd53d44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, J.T.","contributorId":80119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Papanicolaou, A.N.","contributorId":10208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papanicolaou","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, C.L. 0000-0001-5088-5431","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-5431","contributorId":93606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dermisis, D.C.","contributorId":13465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dermisis","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Litvan, M.E.","contributorId":67734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litvan","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larson, C.J.","contributorId":35957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70036027,"text":"70036027 - 2009 - Hydrochemical analysis of groundwater using multivariate statistical methods - The Volta region, Ghana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70036027","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2578,"text":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrochemical analysis of groundwater using multivariate statistical methods - The Volta region, Ghana","docAbstract":"Q and R-mode multivariate statistical analyses were applied to groundwater chemical data from boreholes and wells in the northern section of the Volta region Ghana. The objective was to determine the processes that affect the hydrochemistry and the variation of these processes in space among the three main geological terrains: the Buem formation, Voltaian System and the Togo series that underlie the area. The analyses revealed three zones in the groundwater flow system: recharge, intermediate and discharge regions. All three zones are clearly different with respect to all the major chemical parameters, with concentrations increasing from the perceived recharge areas through the intermediate regions to the discharge areas. R-mode HCA and factor analysis (using varimax rotation and Kaiser Criterion) were then applied to determine the significant sources of variation in the hydrochemistry. This study finds that groundwater hydrochemistry in the area is controlled by the weathering of silicate and carbonate minerals, as well as the chemistry of infiltrating precipitation. This study finds that the ??D and ??18O data from the area fall along the Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL). An equation of regression derived for the relationship between ??D and ??18O bears very close semblance to the equation which describes the GMWL. On the basis of this, groundwater in the study area is probably meteoric and fresh. The apparently low salinities and sodicities of the groundwater seem to support this interpretation. The suitability of groundwater for domestic and irrigation purposes is related to its source, which determines its constitution. A plot of the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and salinity (EC) data on a semilog axis, suggests that groundwater serves good irrigation quality in the area. Sixty percent (60%), 20% and 20% of the 67 data points used in this study fall within the medium salinity - low sodicity (C2-S1), low salinity -low sodicity (C1-S1) and high salinity - low sodicity (C3-S1) fields, which ascribe good irrigation quality to groundwater from this area. Salinities range from 28.1 to 1956 ??S/cm, whilst SAR values fall within the range 0-3. Extremely low sodicity waters of this kind, with salinities lower than 600 ??S/cm, have the tendency to affect the dispersive properties of irrigation soils when used for irrigation. About 50% of the groundwater in the study area fall within this category and need prior treatment before usage. ?? 2009 Korean Society of Civil Engineers and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s12205-009-0055-2","issn":"12267988","usgsCitation":"Banoeng-Yakubo, B., Yidana, S., and Nti, E., 2009, Hydrochemical analysis of groundwater using multivariate statistical methods - The Volta region, Ghana: KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, v. 13, no. 1, p. 55-63, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-009-0055-2.","startPage":"55","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476120,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-009-0055-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218152,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12205-009-0055-2"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a332be4b0c8380cd5edb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banoeng-Yakubo, B.","contributorId":75332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banoeng-Yakubo","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yidana, S.M.","contributorId":59554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yidana","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nti, E.","contributorId":73044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nti","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035500,"text":"70035500 - 2009 - Biology of the caddisfly oligostomis ocelligera (Trichoptera: Phryganeidae) inhabiting acidic mine drainage in Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035500","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biology of the caddisfly oligostomis ocelligera (Trichoptera: Phryganeidae) inhabiting acidic mine drainage in Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Oligostomis ocelligera (a phryganeid caddisfly) is reported for the first time from a degraded lotic systema first-order stream in north-central Pennsylvania that was severely impacted by acid mine drainage. Although uncommonly collected and poorly known, O. ocelligera maintained a substantial population in the mine discharge, free of competition from Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera, and other species of Trichoptera. It thrived under conditions of very low pH (2.583.13), high concentrations of sulfate (542 mg/L) and heavy metals (Fe 12 mg/L, Mn 14 mg/L, Al 16 mg/L), and a nearly uniform springbrook-like temperature regime. More than 350 larvae were collected from deposits of leaves and woody detritus in a pool 0.32 km downstream from the mine entrance over a two-year period. Measurement of head-capsule widths yielded a multimodal distribution with five peaks, corresponding to five instars, in conformity with Dyar's Law. Eighty-three egg masses were observed along the stream channel from 3 June to 12 November at a mean distance of 6.1 cm above the water surface in moist, protected locations such as under moss mats or in crevices of logs. Eggs began hatching by mid-summer, first-instar larvae were present in samples from AugustOctober, all five instars were represented in October, instars IIV were still present in December, but only instars IV and V were represented in samples collected from March to July. The extended periods of oviposition and larval recruitment, together with a remarkably protracted flight period of six months (29 April30 October), led to the conclusion that the population of O. ocelligera at the mine site exhibited an asynchronous univoltine life cycle. Measurement of the width of the anterior border of the frontoclypeal apotome confirmed Wiggins' proposal that this metric is useful for distinguishing final instar larvae of O. ocelligera from its only Nearctic congener, O. pardalis. Occupied pupal cases were found embedded in sodden logs from 8 April to 10 June. Pupae had mandibles reduced to membranous lobes. A silken mesh closing the anterior end case of the pupal case is reported for the first time in O. ocelligera, representing the third evolutionary reversal for this behavioral character in the phylogeny of phryganeid genera proposed by Wiggins. Adults exhibited only diurnal flight, and were absent from light traps deployed on five nights. Females displayed more cryptic behavior, and their wing pattern was distinctly duller in color than males.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1656/045.016.0209","issn":"10926194","usgsCitation":"Redell, L.A., Gall, W., Ross, R.M., and Dropkin, D.S., 2009, Biology of the caddisfly oligostomis ocelligera (Trichoptera: Phryganeidae) inhabiting acidic mine drainage in Pennsylvania: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 16, no. 2, p. 285-306, https://doi.org/10.1656/045.016.0209.","startPage":"285","endPage":"306","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216236,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1656/045.016.0209"},{"id":244095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f183e4b0c8380cd4ac8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Redell, Lori A.","contributorId":66204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redell","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gall, W.K.","contributorId":90132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gall","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ross, R. M.","contributorId":39311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dropkin, D. S.","contributorId":87084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dropkin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70160915,"text":"70160915 - 2009 - Status and trends of the Lake Huron deepwater demersal fish ommunity, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T10:42:41","indexId":"70160915","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Status and trends of the Lake Huron deepwater demersal fish ommunity, 2008","docAbstract":"The U.S.Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center has conducted trawl surveys to assess annual changes in the deepwater demersal fish community of Lake Huron since 1973. Since 1992, surveys have been carried out using a 21 m wing trawl towed on-contour at depths ranging from 9 to 110 m on fixed transects. Sample sites include five ports in U.S. waters with less frequent sampling near Goderich, Ontario. The 2008 fall bottom trawl survey was carried out between October 24 and November 20, 2008 and sampled only the three northern U.S. ports at DeTour, Hammond Bay, and Alpena due to mechanical problems with the research vessel and prolonged periods of bad weather. Therefore, all data presented for 2008 are based on samples collected from these ports. Compared to previous years, alewife populations in Lake Huron remain at low levels after collapsing in 2004. Age-0 alewife density and biomass appears to have increased slightly but overall levels remain near the nadir observed in 2004. Density and biomass of adult and juvenile rainbow smelt showed a decrease from 2007 despite record-high abundance of juveniles observed in 2005, suggesting recruitment was low. Numbers of adult and juvenile bloater were low despite recent high year-classes. Abundances for most other prey species were similar to the low levels observed in 2005 - 2007. We captured one wild juvenile lake trout in 2008 representing the fifth consecutive year that wild lake trout were captured in the survey. Based on pairwise graphical comparisons and nonparametric correlation analyses, dynamics of prey abundance at the three northern ports followed lakewide trends since 1992. Density of benthic macroinvertebrates was at an all-time low in 2008 since sampling began in 2001. The decline in abundance was due to decreases in all taxonomic groups and a large reduction in recruitment of quagga mussels. Density of Diporeia at northern ports in 2008 was the lowest observed. Diporeia were found only at 73-m sites of three ports sampled in northern Lake Huron. While no lakewide estimate of prey biomass was calculated due to the limited spatial scope of the 2008 survey, existing data suggest prey biomass remains depressed. Prey available to salmonids during 2009 will likely be small alewives, small rainbow smelt and small bloaters. Predators in Lake Huron will continue to face potential prey shortages.
","conferenceTitle":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Lake Huron Committee Meeting","conferenceDate":"March 27, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Ypsilanti, MI","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Roseman, E., O’Brien, T.P., Riley, S.C., Farha, S., and French, J.R., 2009, Status and trends of the Lake Huron deepwater demersal fish ommunity, 2008, Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Lake Huron Committee Meeting, Ypsilanti, MI, March 27, 2009, 21 p.","productDescription":"21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-012475","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340122,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":313268,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glsc.usgs.gov/products/reports/2061639626"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Huron","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58fdbd1ce4b0074928294493","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roseman, Edward F. eroseman@usgs.gov","contributorId":147266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"Edward F.","email":"eroseman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":584227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Brien, Timothy P. 0000-0003-4502-5204 tiobrien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4502-5204","contributorId":2662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Timothy","email":"tiobrien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riley, Stephen C. 0000-0002-8968-8416 sriley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8968-8416","contributorId":2661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"Stephen","email":"sriley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":584230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farha, Steven A. 0000-0001-9953-6996 sfarha@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-6996","contributorId":5170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farha","given":"Steven","email":"sfarha@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"French, John R. 0000-0001-8901-7092 frenchjrp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8901-7092","contributorId":2519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"John","email":"frenchjrp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70179618,"text":"70179618 - 2009 - Do fish benefit from stream restoration in the Catskill Mountains?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T16:53:59","indexId":"70179618","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5049,"text":"Clear Waters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do fish benefit from stream restoration in the Catskill Mountains?","docAbstract":"Many streams across North America have been modified or restored in order to stabilize channel banks and beds; however, the effects of stream restoration on fish assemblages and stream habitat are seldom monitored, evaluated, or published. Because the impacts on ecosystems are poorly understood, subsequent restoration projects cannot build upon known successes or failures.
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B.P., and Ernst, A.G., 2009, Do fish benefit from stream restoration in the Catskill Mountains?: Clear Waters, v. 39, no. Summer, p. 54-59.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"59","ipdsId":"IP-013606","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332940,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Catskill Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.4,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -74.4,\n 42.3167\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 42.3167\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -74.4,\n 42\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"Summer","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58772d9fe4b0315b4c11feef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119 bbaldigo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":1234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry","email":"bbaldigo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ernst, Anne G.","contributorId":149841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ernst","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":17837,"text":"USGS NY Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":657917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034743,"text":"70034743 - 2009 - Sulfate-rich eolian and wet interdune deposits, erebus crater, meridiani Planum, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034743","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfate-rich eolian and wet interdune deposits, erebus crater, meridiani Planum, Mars","docAbstract":"This study investigates three bedrock exposures at Erebus crater, an ?? 300 m diameter crater approximately 4 km south of Endurance crater on Mars. These outcrops, called Olympia, Payson, and Yavapai, provide additional evidence in support of the dune-interdune model proposed for the formation of the deposits at the Opportunity landing site in Meridiani Planum. There is evidence for greater involvement of liquid water in the Olympia outcrop exposures than was observed in Eagle or Endurance craters. The Olympia outcrop likely formed in a wet interdune and sand sheet environment. The facies observed within the Payson outcrop, which is likely stratigraphically above the Olympia outcrop, indicate that it was deposited in a damp-wet interdune, sand sheet, and eolian dune environment. The Yavapai outcrop, which likely stratigraphically overlies the Payson outcrop, indicates that it was deposited in primarily a sand sheet environment and also potentially in an eolian dune environment. These three outcrop exposures may indicate an overall drying-upward trend spanning the stratigraphic section from its base at the Olympia outcrop to its top at the Yavapai outcrop. This contrasts with the wetting-upward trend seen in Endurance and Eagle craters. Thus, the series of outcrops seen at Meridiani by Opportunity may constitute a full climatic cycle, evolving from dry to wet to dry conditions. ?? 2009, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2110/jsr.2009.033","issn":"15271404","usgsCitation":"Metz, J., Grotzinger, J., Rubin, D.M., Lewis, K., Squyres, S.W., and Bell, J., 2009, Sulfate-rich eolian and wet interdune deposits, erebus crater, meridiani Planum, Mars: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 79, no. 5-6, p. 247-264, https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2009.033.","startPage":"247","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476399,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090818-091142763","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215899,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2009.033"},{"id":243734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dc3e4b08c986b31da77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Metz, J.M.","contributorId":69244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metz","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grotzinger, J.P.","contributorId":76053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grotzinger","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubin, D. M.","contributorId":103689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lewis, K.W.","contributorId":101784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"K.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bell, J.F.","contributorId":36663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70035731,"text":"70035731 - 2009 - Concentrations and loads of suspended sediment-associated pesticides in the San Joaquin River, California and tributaries during storm events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T09:50:20","indexId":"70035731","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations and loads of suspended sediment-associated pesticides in the San Joaquin River, California and tributaries during storm events","docAbstract":"Current-use pesticides associated with suspended sediments were measured in the San Joaquin River, California and its tributaries during two storm events in 2008. Nineteen pesticides were detected: eight herbicides, nine insecticides, one fungicide and one insecticide synergist. Concentrations for the herbicides (0.1 to 3000 ng/g; median of 6.1 ng/g) were generally greater than those for the insecticides (0.2 to 51 ng/g; median of 1.5 ng/g). Concentrations in the tributaries were usually greater than in the mainstem San Joaquin River and the west side tributaries were higher than the east side tributaries. Estimated instantaneous loads ranged from 1.3 to 320 g/day for herbicides and 0.03 to 53 g/day for insecticides. The greatest instantaneous loads came from the Merced River on the east side. Instantaneous loads were greater for the first storm of 2008 than the second storm in the tributaries while the instantaneous loads within the San Joaquin River were greater during the second storm. Pesticide detections generally reflected pesticide application, but other factors such as physical-chemical properties and timing of application were also important to pesticide loads.","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.040","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Hladik, M., Domagalski, J.L., and Kuivila, K., 2009, Concentrations and loads of suspended sediment-associated pesticides in the San Joaquin River, California and tributaries during storm events: Science of the Total Environment, v. 408, no. 2, p. 356-364, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.040.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"356","endPage":"364","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216251,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.040"}],"volume":"408","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f989e4b0c8380cd4d66b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hladik, M.L. 0000-0002-0891-2712","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":51111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, K.M.","contributorId":34529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035966,"text":"70035966 - 2009 - Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modeling (LUCHEM). I: Model intercomparison with current land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035966","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modeling (LUCHEM). I: Model intercomparison with current land use","docAbstract":"This paper introduces the project on 'Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modeling (LUCHEM)' that aims at investigating the envelope of predictions on changes in hydrological fluxes due to land use change. As part of a series of four papers, this paper outlines the motivation and setup of LUCHEM, and presents a model intercomparison for the present-day simulation results. Such an intercomparison provides a valuable basis to investigate the effects of different model structures on model predictions and paves the ground for the analysis of the performance of multi-model ensembles and the reliability of the scenario predictions in companion papers. In this study, we applied a set of 10 lumped, semi-lumped and fully distributed hydrological models that have been previously used in land use change studies to the low mountainous Dill catchment, Germany. Substantial differences in model performance were observed with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies ranging from 0.53 to 0.92. Differences in model performance were attributed to (1) model input data, (2) model calibration and (3) the physical basis of the models. The models were applied with two sets of input data: an original and a homogenized data set. This homogenization of precipitation, temperature and leaf area index was performed to reduce the variation between the models. Homogenization improved the comparability of model simulations and resulted in a reduced average bias, although some variation in model data input remained. The effect of the physical differences between models on the long-term water balance was mainly attributed to differences in how models represent evapotranspiration. Semi-lumped and lumped conceptual models slightly outperformed the fully distributed and physically based models. This was attributed to the automatic model calibration typically used for this type of models. Overall, however, we conclude that there was no superior model if several measures of model performance are considered and that all models are suitable to participate in further multi-model ensemble set-ups and land use change scenario investigations. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.10.003","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Breuer, L., Huisman, J.A., Willems, P., Bormann, H., Bronstert, A., Croke, B., Frede, H., Graff, T., Hubrechts, L., Jakeman, A., Kite, G., Lanini, J., Leavesley, G., Lettenmaier, D., Lindstrom, G., Seibert, J., Sivapalan, M., and Viney, N., 2009, Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modeling (LUCHEM). I: Model intercomparison with current land use: Advances in Water Resources, v. 32, no. 2, p. 129-146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.10.003.","startPage":"129","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216062,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.10.003"},{"id":243903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edebe4b0c8380cd49adb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breuer, L.","contributorId":54814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breuer","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huisman, J. A.","contributorId":86591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huisman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willems, P.","contributorId":57685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willems","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bormann, H.","contributorId":66091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bormann","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bronstert, A.","contributorId":98565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronstert","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Croke, B.F.W.","contributorId":52809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croke","given":"B.F.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Frede, H.-G.","contributorId":23783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frede","given":"H.-G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Graff, T.","contributorId":15803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graff","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hubrechts, L.","contributorId":54815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubrechts","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Jakeman, A.J.","contributorId":12639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakeman","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kite, G.","contributorId":11443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kite","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lanini, J.","contributorId":89745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanini","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Leavesley, G.","contributorId":90483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Lettenmaier, D.P.","contributorId":61175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lettenmaier","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Lindstrom, G.","contributorId":27292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindstrom","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Seibert, J.","contributorId":37513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seibert","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Sivapalan, M.","contributorId":59587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sivapalan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Viney, N.R.","contributorId":11850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viney","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":70034836,"text":"70034836 - 2009 - Ultra-deep oxidation and exotic copper formation at the late pliocene boyongan and bayugo porphyry copper-gold deposits, surigao, philippines: Geology, mineralogy, paleoaltimetry, and their implications for Geologic, physiographic, and tectonic controls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034836","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ultra-deep oxidation and exotic copper formation at the late pliocene boyongan and bayugo porphyry copper-gold deposits, surigao, philippines: Geology, mineralogy, paleoaltimetry, and their implications for Geologic, physiographic, and tectonic controls","docAbstract":"The Boyongan and Bayugo porphyry copper-gold deposits are part of an emerging belt of intrusion-centered gold-rich deposits in the Surigao district of northeast Mindanao, Philippines. Exhumation and weathering of these Late Pliocene-age deposits has led to the development of the world's deepest known porphyry oxidation profile at Boyongan (600 m), and yet only a modest (30-70 m) oxidation profile at adjacent Bayugo. Debris flows, volcanic rocks, and fluviolacustrine sediments accumulating in the actively extending Mainit graben subsequently covered the deposits and preserved the supergene profiles. At Boyongan and Bayugo, there is a vertical transition from shallower supergene copper oxide minerals (malachite + azurite + cuprite) to deeper sulfide-stable assemblages (chalcocite ?? hypogene sulfides). This transition provides a time-integrated proxy for the position of the water table at the base of the saturated zone during supergene oxidation. Contours of the elevation of the paleopotentiometric surface based on this min- eralogical transition show that the thickest portions of the unsaturated zone coincided with a silt-sand matrix diatreme breccia complex at Boyongan. Within the breccia complex, the thickness of the unsaturated zone approached 600 in, whereas outside the breccia complex (e.g., at Bayugo), the thickness averaged 50 m. Contours of the paleopotentiometric surface suggest that during weathering, groundwater flowed into the breccia complex from the north, south, and east, and exited along a high permeability zone to the west. The high relief (>550 m) on the elevation of the paleopotentiometric surface is consistent with an environment of high topographic relief, and the outflow zone to the west of the breccia complex probably reflects proximity to a steep scarp intersecting the western breccia complex margin. Stable isotope paleoaltimetry has enabled estimation of the elevation of the land surface, which further constrains the physiographic setting during supergene oxidation. Isotopic measurements of oxygen in supergene kaolinite from Boyongan suggest that local paleometeoric water involved in weathering had a ??180 composition of approximately -5.7 per mil. At the latitude of the southern Philippines, this value corresponds to Pleistocene rain water condensing at elevations between 750 and 1,050 m above contemporary sea level, providing a maximum estimate for the surface elevation during weathering of the porphyry systems. Physiographic reconstuctions suggest that the deep oxidation profile at Boyongan formed in an environment of high topographic relief immediately east of a prominent (>550 m) escarpment. The high permeability contrast between the breccia complex and the surrounding wall rocks, coupled with the proximity of the breccia complex to the escarpment, led to a depressed groundwater table and a vertically extensive unsaturated zone in the immediate vicinity of Boyongan. This thick vadose zone and the low hypogene pyrite/copper sulfide ratios (0.6) at Boyongan promoted in situ oxidation of copper sulfides with only modest (<200 m) supergene remobilization of copper. In contrast, higher hypogene pyrite/chalcopyrite ratios (2.3) at Bayugo led to greater acid production during weathering and more complete leaching of copper above the base of oxidation. This process promoted significant (600 m) lateral dispersion of copper down the paleohydraulic gradient into the diatreme breccia comple, ultimately leading to the formation of an exotic copper deposit. ?? 2009 Society of Economices Geologists, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.104.3.333","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Braxton, D., Cooke, D.R., Ignacio, A., Rye, R.O., and Waters, P., 2009, Ultra-deep oxidation and exotic copper formation at the late pliocene boyongan and bayugo porphyry copper-gold deposits, surigao, philippines: Geology, mineralogy, paleoaltimetry, and their implications for Geologic, physiographic, and tectonic controls: Economic Geology, v. 104, no. 3, p. 333-349, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.104.3.333.","startPage":"333","endPage":"349","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215903,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.104.3.333"},{"id":243739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbbfce4b08c986b32895d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Braxton, D.P.","contributorId":107522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braxton","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooke, D. R.","contributorId":99764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ignacio, A.M.","contributorId":69383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ignacio","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waters, P.J.","contributorId":103110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waters","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035168,"text":"70035168 - 2009 - Spatiotemporal patterns of wetland occurrence in the prairie pothole region of eastern South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035168","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatiotemporal patterns of wetland occurrence in the prairie pothole region of eastern South Dakota","docAbstract":"We evaluated changes in wetland abundance, size, and classification between average (19791986) and above-average (19951999) precipitation periods for two physiographic regions in eastern South Dakota. Temporal shifts in wetland numbers, area, and class varied by topographic location. In high wetland density areas (> 8 wetlands/100 ha), our data suggests that larger, semipermanent wetlands expanded and absorbed nearby wetland basins into their margins, resulting in a net \"loss\" or disappearance of temporary and seasonal wetlands in above-average water condition years. \"Losses\" described here are not deemed permanent as in cases of draining or filling, and wetlands may re-form when water conditions return to normal. Nevertheless, temporary disappearance of smaller more isolated wetlands may have implications for breeding waterfowl and other fauna. Percent change of semipermanent basin numbers was positively correlated with wetland density, whereas the opposite was true for seasonal wetlands. Loss of temporary wetlands was correlated with wetland aggregation within the sample area. However, in low wetland density areas, the number and size of seasonal and temporary wetlands generally increased following above-average precipitation. We suggest that wetlands' spatial arrangement be considered along with traditional wetland quantification techniques to better account for shifts in wetland habitat in dry versus wet years. ?? 2009 The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/07-09.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Kahara, S., Mockler, R., Higgins, K., Chipps, S., and Johnson, R., 2009, Spatiotemporal patterns of wetland occurrence in the prairie pothole region of eastern South Dakota: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 2, p. 678-689, https://doi.org/10.1672/07-09.1.","startPage":"678","endPage":"689","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215212,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/07-09.1"},{"id":242999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94d0e4b08c986b31ac65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kahara, S.N.","contributorId":104298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahara","given":"S.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mockler, R.M.","contributorId":15028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mockler","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higgins, K.F.","contributorId":55767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chipps, S. R. 0000-0001-6511-7582","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-7582","contributorId":40369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipps","given":"S. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, R.R.","contributorId":50307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035734,"text":"70035734 - 2009 - Optimized DNA extraction methods for encysted embryos of the endangered fairy shrimp, Branchinecta sandiegonensis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035734","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimized DNA extraction methods for encysted embryos of the endangered fairy shrimp, Branchinecta sandiegonensis","docAbstract":"The San Diego fairy shrimp Branchinecta sandiegonensis is a federally endangered species endemic to vernal pools in southern California, USA. Filling events in these habitats are highly variable, with some pools failing to hold water long enough for reproduction over many successive years. Studies of this species are thus hindered by the relatively rare appearance of aquatically active life history phases. Because diapausing cysts are abundant and present at all times, they provide an underutilized opportunity for both species identification and genetic studies. However, methods for extracting DNA from cysts are technically challenging because of their structure and size. Here we present a protocol for extracting DNA from B. sandiegonensis cysts in sufficient quantities for \"DNA Barcoding\", microsatellite analysis and other genotyping and sequencing applications. The technique will aid in population genetic studies and species identification (since taxonomic keys only distinguish among adults), and will be applicable to other crustaceans with similar diapausing cysts. ?? Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Genetics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10592-008-9733-8","issn":"15660621","usgsCitation":"Steele, A., Simovich, M., Pepino, D., Schroeder, K., Vandergast, A.G., and Bohonak, A., 2009, Optimized DNA extraction methods for encysted embryos of the endangered fairy shrimp, Branchinecta sandiegonensis: Conservation Genetics, v. 10, no. 6, p. 1777-1781, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-008-9733-8.","startPage":"1777","endPage":"1781","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216314,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-008-9733-8"}],"volume":"10","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6efde4b0c8380cd758d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steele, A.N.","contributorId":47606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simovich, M.A.","contributorId":14348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simovich","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pepino, D.","contributorId":40446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pepino","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schroeder, K.M.","contributorId":93725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vandergast, Amy G. 0000-0002-7835-6571","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-6571","contributorId":57201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergast","given":"Amy","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bohonak, A.J.","contributorId":20554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohonak","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70035167,"text":"70035167 - 2009 - Wildlife use of back channels associated with islands on the Ohio River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035167","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildlife use of back channels associated with islands on the Ohio River","docAbstract":"The back channels of islands on the Ohio River are assumed to provide habitat critical for several wildlife species. However, quantitative information on the wildlife value of back channels is needed by natural resource managers for the conservation of these forested islands and embayments in the face of increasing shoreline development and recreational boating. We compared the relative abundance of waterbirds, turtles, anurans, and riparian furbearing mammals during 2001 and 2002 in back and main channels of the Ohio River in West Virginia. Wood ducks (Aix sponsa), snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina), beavers (Castor canadensis), and muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) were more abundant in back than main channels. Spring peepers (Pseudacris crucifer) and American toads (Bufo americanus) occurred more frequently on back than main channels. These results provide quantitative evidence that back channels are important for several wildlife species. The narrowness of the back channels, the protection they provide from the main current of the river, and their ability to support vegetated shorelines and woody debris, are characteristics that appear to benefit these species. As a conservation measure for important riparian wildlife habitat, we suggest limiting building of piers and development of the shoreline in back channel areas. ?? 2009, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/08-46.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Zadnik, A., Anderson, J.T., Wood, P., and Bledsoe, K., 2009, Wildlife use of back channels associated with islands on the Ohio River: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 2, p. 543-551, https://doi.org/10.1672/08-46.1.","startPage":"543","endPage":"551","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215211,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/08-46.1"},{"id":242998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd106e4b08c986b32f1be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zadnik, A.K.","contributorId":48400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zadnik","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, James T.","contributorId":28071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":449563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, P.B. 0000-0002-8575-1705","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-1705","contributorId":103992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bledsoe, K.","contributorId":15423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bledsoe","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033919,"text":"70033919 - 2009 - Geology and geomorphology of Bear Lake Valley and upper Bear River, Utah and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033919","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and geomorphology of Bear Lake Valley and upper Bear River, Utah and Idaho","docAbstract":"Bear Lake, on the Idaho-Utah border, lies in a fault-bounded valley through which the Bear River flows en route to the Great Salt Lake. Surficial deposits in the Bear Lake drainage basin provide a geologic context for interpretation of cores from Bear Lake deposits. In addition to groundwater discharge, Bear Lake received water and sediment from its own small drainage basin and sometimes from the Bear River and its glaciated headwaters. The lake basin interacts with the river in complex ways that are modulated by climatically induced lake-level changes, by the distribution of active Quaternary faults, and by the migration of the river across its fluvial fan north of the present lake. The upper Bear River flows northward for ???150 km from its headwaters in the northwestern Uinta Mountains, generally following the strike of regional Laramide and late Cenozoic structures. These structures likely also control the flow paths of groundwater that feeds Bear Lake, and groundwater-fed streams are the largest source of water when the lake is isolated from the Bear River. The present configuration of the Bear River with respect to Bear Lake Valley may not have been established until the late Pliocene. The absence of Uinta Range-derived quartzites in fluvial gravel on the crest of the Bear Lake Plateau east of Bear Lake suggests that the present headwaters were not part of the drainage basin in the late Tertiary. Newly mapped glacial deposits in the Bear River Range west of Bear Lake indicate several advances of valley glaciers that were probably coeval with glaciations in the Uinta Mountains. Much of the meltwater from these glaciers may have reached Bear Lake via groundwater pathways through infiltration in the karst terrain of the Bear River Range. At times during the Pleistocene, the Bear River flowed into Bear Lake and water level rose to the valley threshold at Nounan narrows. This threshold has been modified by aggradation, downcutting, and tectonics. Maximum lake levels have decreased from as high as 1830 m to 1806 m above sea level since the early Pleistocene due to episodic downcutting by the Bear River. The oldest exposed lacustrine sediments in Bear Lake Valley are probably of Pliocene age. Several high-lake phases during the early and middle Pleistocene were separated by episodes of fluvial incision. Threshold incision was not constant, however, because lake highstands of as much as 8 m above bedrock threshold level resulted from aggradation and possibly landsliding at least twice during the late-middle and late Pleistocene. Abandoned stream channels within the low-lying, fault-bounded region between Bear Lake and the modern Bear River show that Bear River progressively shifted northward during the Holocene. Several factors including faulting, location of the fluvial fan, and channel migration across the fluvial fan probably interacted to produce these changes in channel position. Late Quaternary slip rates on the east Bear Lake fault zone are estimated by using the water-level history of Bear Lake, assuming little or no displacement on dated deposits on the west side of the valley. Uplifted lacustrine deposits representing Pliocene to middle Pleistocene highstands of Bear Lake on the footwall block of the east Bear Lake fault zone provide dramatic evidence of long-term slip. Slip rates during the late Pleistocene increased from north to south along the east Bear Lake fault zone, consistent with the tectonic geomorphology. In addition, slip rates on the southern section of the fault zone have apparently decreased over the past 50 k.y. Copyright ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2450(02)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Reheis, M., Laabs, B., and Kaufman, D.S., 2009, Geology and geomorphology of Bear Lake Valley and upper Bear River, Utah and Idaho: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 450, p. 15-48, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2450(02).","startPage":"15","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214154,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2450(02)"}],"issue":"450","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a22f8e4b0c8380cd574c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reheis, M.C. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":36128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laabs, B.J.C.","contributorId":44353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laabs","given":"B.J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaufman, D. S.","contributorId":18006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaufman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032784,"text":"70032784 - 2009 - A mass balance mercury budget for a mine-dominated lake: Clear Lake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-20T11:08:34","indexId":"70032784","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A mass balance mercury budget for a mine-dominated lake: Clear Lake, California","docAbstract":"The Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine (SBMM), active intermittently from 1873–1957 and now a USEPA Superfund site, was previously estimated to have contributed at least 100 metric tons (105 kg) of mercury (Hg) into the Clear Lake aquatic ecosystem. We have confirmed this minimum estimate. To better quantify the contribution of the mine in relation to other sources of Hg loading into Clear Lake and provide data that might help reduce that loading, we analyzed Inputs and Outputs of Hg to Clear Lake and Storage of Hg in lakebed sediments using a mass balance approach. We evaluated Inputs from (1) wet and dry atmospheric deposition from both global/regional and local sources, (2) watershed tributaries, (3) groundwater inflows, (4) lakebed springs and (5) the mine. Outputs were quantified from (1) efflux (volatilization) of Hg from the lake surface to the atmosphere, (2) municipal and agricultural water diversions, (3) losses from out-flowing drainage of Cache Creek that feeds into the California Central Valley and (4) biotic Hg removal by humans and wildlife. Storage estimates include (1) sediment burial from historic and prehistoric periods (over the past 150–3,000 years) from sediment cores to ca. 2.5m depth dated using dichloro diphenyl dichloroethane (DDD), 210Pb and 14C and (2) recent Hg deposition in surficial sediments. Surficial sediments collected in October 2003 (11 years after mine site remediation) indicate no reduction (but a possible increase) in sediment Hg concentrations over that time and suggest that remediation has not significantly reduced overall Hg loading to the lake. Currently, the mine is believed to contribute ca. 322–331 kg of Hg annually to Clear Lake, which represents ca. 86–99% of the total Hg loading to the lake. We estimate that natural sedimentation would cover the existing contaminated sediments within ca. 150–300 years.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-008-9757-1","issn":"00496","usgsCitation":"Suchanek, T., Cooke, J., Keller, K., Jorgensen, S., Richerson, P., Eagles-Smith, C.A., Harner, E., and Adam, D., 2009, A mass balance mercury budget for a mine-dominated lake: Clear Lake, California: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 196, no. 1-4, p. 51-73, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9757-1.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213620,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9757-1"}],"volume":"196","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2e9e4b0c8380cd45d18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suchanek, T.H.","contributorId":20682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suchanek","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooke, J.","contributorId":6447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooke","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keller, K.","contributorId":25322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jorgensen, S.","contributorId":67301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richerson, P.J.","contributorId":100619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richerson","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harner, E.J.","contributorId":16230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harner","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Adam, D.P.","contributorId":14815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adam","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70034560,"text":"70034560 - 2009 - Hydrologic characterization of desert soils with varying degrees of pedogenesis: 1. field experiments evaluating plant-relevant soil water behavior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T20:36:54.071533","indexId":"70034560","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic characterization of desert soils with varying degrees of pedogenesis: 1. field experiments evaluating plant-relevant soil water behavior","docAbstract":"To assess the eff ect of pedogenesis on the soil moisture dynamics infl uencing the character and quality of ecological habitat, we conducted infi ltration and redistribution experiments on three alluvial deposits in the Mojave National Preserve: (i) recently deposited active wash sediments, (ii) a soil of early Holocene age, and (iii) a highly developed soil of late Pleistocene age. At each, we ponded water in a 1-m-diameter infi ltration ring for 2.3 h and monitored soil water content and matric pressure during and atier infi ltration, using probes and electrical resistivity imaging (ERI). Infi ltration and downward fl ow rates were greater in younger material, favoring deep-rooted species. Deep-rooted species tend to colonize the margins of washes, where they are unaff ected by sediment transport that inhibits colonization. The ERI results support important generalizations, for example that shallower than 0.5 m, infi ltrated water persists longer in highly developed soil, favoring shallow-rooted species. Soil moisture data for the two youngest soils suggested that saturation overshoot, which may have signifi cant but unexplored hydroecologic and pedogenic eff ects, occurred at the horizontally advancing weting front. Spatial heterogeneity of soil properties generally increased with pedogenic development. Evidence suggested that some early-stage developmental processes may promote uniformity; the intermediate- age soil appeared to have the least heterogeneity in terms of textural variation with depth, and also the least anisotropy. Lateral heterogeneity was pronounced in older soil, having a multitude of eff ects on the distribution and retention of soil water, and may facilitate certain water-conserving strategies of plants over what would be possible in a laterally homogeneous soil. ?? Soil Science Society of America.","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/vzj2008.0052","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., Perkins, K., Schmidt, K.M., Miller, D., Stock, J.D., and Singha, K., 2009, Hydrologic characterization of desert soils with varying degrees of pedogenesis: 1. field experiments evaluating plant-relevant soil water behavior: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 8, no. 2, p. 480-495, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2008.0052.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"480","endPage":"495","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert, Mojave National Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.6201171875,\n 34.928726792983845\n ],\n [\n -115.39489746093751,\n 34.928726792983845\n ],\n [\n -115.39489746093751,\n 35.092945313732635\n ],\n [\n -115.6201171875,\n 35.092945313732635\n ],\n [\n -115.6201171875,\n 34.928726792983845\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3580e4b0c8380cd5ff97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perkins, Kim S. 0000-0001-8349-447X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-447X","contributorId":44097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Kim S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, Kevin M. 0000-0003-2365-8035 kschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-8035","contributorId":1985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Kevin","email":"kschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stock, Jonathan D. 0000-0001-8565-3577 jstock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8565-3577","contributorId":3648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"Jonathan","email":"jstock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Singha, Kamini","contributorId":76733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singha","given":"Kamini","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70036063,"text":"70036063 - 2009 - Effect of grain-coating mineralogy on nitrate and sulfate storage in the unsaturated zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-15T07:18:14","indexId":"70036063","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of grain-coating mineralogy on nitrate and sulfate storage in the unsaturated zone","docAbstract":"Unsaturated-zone sediments and the chemistry of shallow groundwater underlying a small (∼8-km2) watershed were studied to identify the mechanisms responsible for anion storage within the Miocene Bridgeton Formation and weathered Coastal Plain deposits in southern New Jersey. Lower unsaturated-zone sediments and shallow groundwater samples were collected and concentrations of selected ions (including NO3 − and SO4 2−) from 11 locations were determined. Grain size, sorting, and color of the lower unsaturated-zone sediments were determined and the mineralogy of these grains and the composition of coatings were analyzed by petrographic examination, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis of x-rays, and quantitative whole-rock x-ray diffraction. The sediment grains, largely quartz and chert (80–94% w/w), are coated with a very fine-grained (<20 μm), complex mixture of kaolinite, halloysite, goethite, and possibly gibbsite and lepidocrocite. The mineral coatings are present as an open fabric, resulting in a large surface area in contact with pore water. Significant correlations between the amount of goethite in the grain coatings and the concentration of sediment-bound SO4 2− were observed, indicative of anion sorption. Other mineral–chemical relations indicate that negatively charged surfaces and competition with SO4 2− results in exclusion of NO3 − from inner sphere exchange sites. The observed NO3 −storage may be a result of matrix forces within the grain coatings and outer sphere complexation. The results of this study indicate that the mineralogy of grain coatings can have demonstrable effects on the storage of NO3 − and SO4 2− in the unsaturated zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Alliance of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science Societies ","doi":"10.2136/vzj2008.0053","issn":"15391663","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.J., Fishman, N., and Baehr, A.L., 2009, Effect of grain-coating mineralogy on nitrate and sulfate storage in the unsaturated zone: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 8, no. 1, p. 75-85, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2008.0053.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"85","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":218183,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2008.0053"},{"id":246169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05e3e4b0c8380cd50feb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reilly, T. J.","contributorId":77400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fishman, N.S.","contributorId":59441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishman","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baehr, A. L.","contributorId":59831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035164,"text":"70035164 - 2009 - Diets of three species of anurans from the cache creek watershed, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035164","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diets of three species of anurans from the cache creek watershed, California, USA","docAbstract":"We evaluated the diets of three sympatric anuran species, the native Northern Pacific Treefrog, Pseudacris regilla, and Foothill Yellow-Legged Frog, Rana boylii, and the introduced American Bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus, based on stomach contents of frogs collected at 36 sites in 1997 and 1998. This investigation was part of a study of mercury bioaccumulation in the biota of the Cache Creek Watershed in north-central California, an area affected by mercury contamination from natural sources and abandoned mercury mines. We collected R. boylii at 22 sites, L. catesbeianus at 21 sites, and P. regilla at 13 sites. We collected both L. catesbeianus and R. boylii at nine sites and all three species at five sites. Pseudacris regilla had the least aquatic diet (100% of the samples had terrestrial prey vs. 5% with aquatic prey), followed by R. boylii (98% terrestrial, 28% aquatic), and L. catesbeianus, which had similar percentages of terrestrial (81%) and aquatic prey (74%). Observed predation by L. catesbeianus on R. boylii may indicate that interaction between these two species is significant. Based on their widespread abundance and their preference for aquatic foods, we suggest that, where present, L. catesbeianus should be the species of choice for all lethal biomonitoring of mercury in amphibians. Copyright ?? 2009 Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Herpetology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1670/06-207R1.1","issn":"00221511","usgsCitation":"Hothem, R.L., Meckstroth, A., Wegner, K., Jennings, M., and Crayon, J., 2009, Diets of three species of anurans from the cache creek watershed, California, USA: Journal of Herpetology, v. 43, no. 2, p. 275-283, https://doi.org/10.1670/06-207R1.1.","startPage":"275","endPage":"283","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242929,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215151,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1670/06-207R1.1"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00e8e4b0c8380cd4f9b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hothem, R. L.","contributorId":82633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meckstroth, A.M.","contributorId":50464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meckstroth","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wegner, K.E.","contributorId":97726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wegner","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jennings, M.R.","contributorId":18296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crayon, J.J.","contributorId":91810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crayon","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035540,"text":"70035540 - 2009 - Effects of Hurricane Katrina on the forest structure of taxodium distichum swamps of the Gulf Coast, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035540","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of Hurricane Katrina on the forest structure of taxodium distichum swamps of the Gulf Coast, USA","docAbstract":"Hurricane Katrina pushed mixed Taxodium distichum forests toward a dominance of Taxodium distichum (baldcypress) and Nyssa aquatica (water tupelo) because these species had lower levels of susceptibility to wind damage than other woody species. This study documents the volume of dead versus live material of woody trees and shrubs of T. distichum swamps following Hurricane Katrina along the Gulf Coast of Mississippi and Louisiana. Pearl River Wildlife Management Area near Canton, Mississippi had the highest winds of the study areas, and these forests were located in the northeast quadrant of Hurricane Katrina (sustained wind 151 kph (94 mph)). Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve south of New Orleans had medium to high winds (sustained winds 111 kph (69 mph) at the New Orleans lakefront). Cat Island National Wildlife Refuge had a lower level of winds and was positioned on the western edge of the storm. The forests at Pearl River and to a lesser extent at Jean Lafitte had the highest amount of structural damage in the study. For Cat Island, Jean Lafitte, and Pearl River, the total volume of dead material (debris) was 50, 80, and 370 m3 ha-1, respectively. The ratio of dead to live volume was 0.010, 0.082, and 0.039, respectively. For both of the dominant species, T. distichum and N. aquatica, the percentage of dead to live volume was less than 1. Subdominant species including Acer rubrum, Liquidambar styraciflua, Quercus lyrata, and Quercus nigra were more damaged by the storm at both Pearl River and Jean Lafitte. Only branches were damaged by Hurricane Katrina at Cat Island. Shrubs such as Morella cerifera, Euonymous sp., and Vaccinium sp. were often killed by the storm, while other species such as Cephalanthus occidentalis, Forestiera acuminata, and Cornus florida were not killed. Despite the fact that Hurricane Katrina was a Category 3 storm and struck Pearl River and Jean Lafitte fairly directly, dominant species of the T. distichum swamps were relatively little affected, even though certain subdominant and shrub species were completely removed from the species composition. ?? 2009 The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/08-73.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Middleton, B., 2009, Effects of Hurricane Katrina on the forest structure of taxodium distichum swamps of the Gulf Coast, USA: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 1, p. 80-87, https://doi.org/10.1672/08-73.1.","startPage":"80","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216336,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/08-73.1"},{"id":244199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0656e4b0c8380cd511e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middleton, B.A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":89108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"B.A.","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":451147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}