{"pageNumber":"862","pageRowStart":"21525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70034427,"text":"70034427 - 2009 - Low lower crustal velocity across Ethiopia: Is the Main Ethiopian Rift a narrow rift in a hot craton?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70034427","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low lower crustal velocity across Ethiopia: Is the Main Ethiopian Rift a narrow rift in a hot craton?","docAbstract":"[1] The Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) is a classic narrow rift that developed in hot, weak lithosphere, not in the initially cold, thick, and strong lithosphere that would be predicted by common models of rift mode formation. Our new 1-D seismic velocity profiles from Rayleigh wave/receiver function joint inversion across the MER and the Ethiopian Plateau indicate that hot lower crust and upper mantle are present throughout the broad region affected by Oligocene flood basalt volcanism, including both the present rift and the adjacent Ethiopian Plateau hundreds of kilometers from the rift valley. The region of hot lithosphere closely corresponds to the region of flood basalt volcanism, and we interpret that the volcanism and thermal perturbation were jointly caused by impingement of the Afar plume head. Across the affected region, Vs is 3.6-3.8 km/s in the lowermost crust and ???4.3 km/s in the uppermost mantle, both ??0.3 km/s lower than in the eastern and western branches of the East African Rift System to the south. We interpret the low Vs in the lower crust and upper mantle as indicative of hot lithosphere with partial melt. Our results lead to a hybrid rift mode, in which the brittle upper crust has developed as a narrow rift along the Neoproterozoic suture between East and West Gondwana, while at depth lithospheric deformation is distributed over the broad region (??400 km wide) thermally perturbed by the broad thermal upwelling associated with the Afar plume head. Development of both the East African Rift System to the south (in cold, strong lithosphere) and the MER to the north (in hot, weak lithosphere) as narrow rifts, despite their vastly different initial thermal states and depth-integrated lithospheric strength, indicates that common models of rift mode formation that focus only on temperature, thickness, and vertical strength profiles do not apply to these classic continental rifts. Instead, inherited structure and associated lithospheric weaknesses are the primary control on the mode of extension. ?? 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008GC002293","issn":"15252027","usgsCitation":"Keranen, K., Klemperer, S., Julia, J., Lawrence, J.F., and Nyblade, A., 2009, Low lower crustal velocity across Ethiopia: Is the Main Ethiopian Rift a narrow rift in a hot craton?: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 10, no. 5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002293.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476395,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gc002293","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216954,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002293"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a08e4b0c8380cd68a92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keranen, K.M.","contributorId":21788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keranen","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klemperer, S.L.","contributorId":52734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemperer","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Julia, J.","contributorId":47202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lawrence, J. F.","contributorId":14224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawrence","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":7033,"text":"School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":445727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nyblade, A.A.","contributorId":75703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyblade","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034425,"text":"70034425 - 2009 - A Viscoelastic earthquake simulator with application to the San Francisco Bay region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T15:12:23","indexId":"70034425","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Viscoelastic earthquake simulator with application to the San Francisco Bay region","docAbstract":"Earthquake simulation on synthetic fault networks carries great potential for characterizing the statistical patterns of earthquake occurrence. I present an earthquake simulator based on elastic dislocation theory. It accounts for the effects of interseismic tectonic loading, static stress steps at the time of earthquakes, and postearthquake stress readjustment through viscoelastic relaxation of the lower crust and mantle. Earthquake rupture initiation and termination are determined with a Coulomb failure stress criterion and the static cascade model. The simulator is applied to interacting multifault systems: one, a synthetic two-fault network, and the other, a fault network representative of the San Francisco Bay region. The faults are discretized both along strike and along dip and can accommodate both strike slip and dip slip. Stress and seismicity functions are evaluated over 30,000 yr trial time periods, resulting in a detailed statistical characterization of the fault systems. Seismicity functions such as the coefficient of variation and a- and b-values exhibit systematic patterns with respect to simple model parameters. This suggests that reliable estimation of the controlling parameters of an earthquake simulator is a prerequisite to the interpretation of its output in terms of seismic hazard.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120080253","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., 2009, A Viscoelastic earthquake simulator with application to the San Francisco Bay region: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 3, p. 1760-1785, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080253.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1760","endPage":"1785","numberOfPages":"26","ipdsId":"IP-010397","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216922,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080253"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay Region","volume":"99","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e314e4b0c8380cd45de9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, Fred F. fpollitz@usgs.gov","contributorId":127702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Fred F.","email":"fpollitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":445722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70034372,"text":"70034372 - 2009 - Scaling the effects of moose browsing on forage distribution, from the geometry of plant canopies to landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70034372","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scaling the effects of moose browsing on forage distribution, from the geometry of plant canopies to landscapes","docAbstract":"Landscape heterogeneity influences large herbivores by altering their feeding rates, but as herbivores attempt to maximize feeding rates they also create spatial heterogeneity by altering plant growth. Herbivore feeding rates thus provide a quantitative link between the causes and consequences of spatial heterogeneity in herbivore-dominated ecosystems. The fractal geometry of plant canopies determines both the density and mass of twigs available to foraging herbivores. These properties determine a threshold distance between plants (d<sup>*</sup>) that distinguishes the mechanisms regulating herbivore intake rates. When d<sup>*</sup> is greater than the actual distance between plants (d), intake is regulated by the rate of food processing in the mouth. But when d<sup>*</sup> &lt; d, intake is regulated by the rate at which the herbivore encounters new plants. Alterations to plant geometry due to past browsing could change the rate at which herbivores encounter and process bites of plant tissue, modify d<sup>*</sup> relative to d, and thus change intake rates and the distribution of mechanisms regulating it across landscapes. We measured changes in the geometry of aspen (Populus tremuloides) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea) saplings along gradients of moose browsing from 2001 to 2005 at Isle Royale National Park, Michigan, USA. For aspen saplings, fractal dimension of bite density, bite mass, and forage biomass responded quadratically to increasing moose browsing and were greatest at -3-4 g-g.m-2.yr\"<sup>1</sup> consumption. For balsam fir, in contrast, these same measures declined steadily with increasing moose browsing. The different responses of plant canopies to increased browsing altered d<sup>*</sup> around plants. In summer, d<sup>*</sup> &gt; d for aspen saplings at all prior consumption levels. Food processing therefore regulated summer moose feeding rates across our landscapes. In winter, changes in bite mass due to past browsing were sufficient to cause d<sup>*</sup> &lt; d for aspen and balsam fir. Therefore, travel velocity and food processing jointly regulated intake rate during winter. Browsing-induced changes in the small-scale geometry of plant canopies can determine intake rate at larger spatial scales by changing d<sup>*</sup> relative to d and, hence, which mechanisms determine intake rate, essentially altering how herbivores sense the distribution of their food resources. ?? 2009 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Monographs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/08-0149.1","issn":"00129615","usgsCitation":"De Jager, N., Pastor, J., and Hodgson, A., 2009, Scaling the effects of moose browsing on forage distribution, from the geometry of plant canopies to landscapes: Ecological Monographs, v. 79, no. 2, p. 281-297, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0149.1.","startPage":"281","endPage":"297","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216588,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-0149.1"},{"id":244468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b871be4b08c986b3162ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Jager, N. R.","contributorId":72610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Jager","given":"N. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pastor, J.","contributorId":25784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pastor","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hodgson, A.L.","contributorId":6286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgson","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034292,"text":"70034292 - 2009 - On baseline corrections and uncertainty in response spectrafor baseline variations commonly encountered in digital accelerograph records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T15:20:06","indexId":"70034292","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On baseline corrections and uncertainty in response spectrafor baseline variations commonly encountered in digital accelerograph records","docAbstract":"Most digital accelerograph recordings are plagued by long-period drifts, best seen in the velocity and displacement time series obtained from integration of the acceleration time series. These drifts often result in velocity values that are nonzero near the end of the record. This is clearly unphysical and can lead to inaccurate estimates of peak ground displacement and long-period spectral response. The source of the long-period noise seems to be variations in the acceleration baseline in many cases. These variations could be due to true ground motion (tilting and rotation, as well as local permanent ground deformation), instrumental effects, or analog-to-digital conversion. Very often the trends in velocity are well approximated by a linear trend after the strong shaking subsides. The linearity of the trend in velocity implies that no variations in the baseline could have occurred after the onset of linearity in the velocity time series. This observation, combined with the lack of any trends in the pre-event motion, allows us to compute the time interval in which any baseline variations could occur. We then use several models of the variations in a Monte Carlo procedure to derive a suite of baseline-corrected accelerations for each noise model using records from the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake and several earthquakes in Turkey. Comparisons of the mean values of the peak ground displacements, spectral displacements, and residual displacements computed from these corrected accelerations for the different noise models can be used as a guide to the accuracy of the baseline corrections. For many of the records considered here the mean values are similar for each noise model, giving confidence in the estimation of the mean values. The dispersion of the ground-motion measures increases with period and is noise-model dependent. The dispersion of inelastic spectra is greater than the elastic spectra at short periods but approaches that of the elastic spectra at longer periods. The elastic spectra from the most basic processing, in which only the pre-event mean is removed from the acceleration time series, do not diverge from the baseline-corrected spectra until periods of 10-20 sec or more for the records studied here, implying that for many engineering purposes elastic spectra can be used from records with no baseline correction or filtering.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120080206","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Akkar, S., and Boore, D.M., 2009, On baseline corrections and uncertainty in response spectrafor baseline variations commonly encountered in digital accelerograph records: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 3, p. 1671-1690, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080206.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1671","endPage":"1690","numberOfPages":"20","ipdsId":"IP-007990","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487962,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11511/62585","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216792,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080206"}],"volume":"99","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6d74e4b0c8380cd75150","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Akkar, Sinan","contributorId":39175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akkar","given":"Sinan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boore, David M. boore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":445115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034288,"text":"70034288 - 2009 - Climatic extremes improve predictions of spatial patterns of tree species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034288","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Climatic extremes improve predictions of spatial patterns of tree species","docAbstract":"Understanding niche evolution, dynamics, and the response of species to climate change requires knowledge of the determinants of the environmental niche and species range limits. Mean values of climatic variables are often used in such analyses. In contrast, the increasing frequency of climate extremes suggests the importance of understanding their additional influence on range limits. Here, we assess how measures representing climate extremes (i.e., interannual variability in climate parameters) explain and predict spatial patterns of 11 tree species in Switzerland. We find clear, although comparably small, improvement (+20% in adjusted D<sup>2</sup>, +8% and +3% in cross-validated True Skill Statistic and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve values) in models that use measures of extremes in addition to means. The primary effect of including information on climate extremes is a correction of local overprediction and underprediction. Our results demonstrate that measures of climate extremes are important for understanding the climatic limits of tree species and assessing species niche characteristics. The inclusion of climate variability likely will improve models of species range limits under future conditions, where changes in mean climate and increased variability are expected.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0901643106","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Zimmermann, N., Yoccoz, N.G., Edwards, T., Meier, E., Thuiller, W., Guisan, A., Schmatz, D., and Pearman, P., 2009, Climatic extremes improve predictions of spatial patterns of tree species, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 106, no. SUPPL. 2, p. 19723-19728, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0901643106.","startPage":"19723","endPage":"19728","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476224,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2780931","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216733,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0901643106"},{"id":244619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"SUPPL. 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f664e4b0c8380cd4c72f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmermann, N.E.","contributorId":24547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmermann","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yoccoz, Nigel G.","contributorId":61537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoccoz","given":"Nigel","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":33046,"text":"Norwegian Institute for Nature Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":445094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, T.C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":76486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meier, E.S.","contributorId":102713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thuiller, W.","contributorId":73034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thuiller","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Guisan, Antoine","contributorId":47943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guisan","given":"Antoine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schmatz, D.R.","contributorId":6694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmatz","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pearman, P.B.","contributorId":105559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearman","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70034286,"text":"70034286 - 2009 - First-order exchange coefficient coupling for simulating surface water-groundwater interactions: Parameter sensitivity and consistency with a physics-based approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034286","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First-order exchange coefficient coupling for simulating surface water-groundwater interactions: Parameter sensitivity and consistency with a physics-based approach","docAbstract":"Distributed hydrologic models capable of simulating fully-coupled surface water and groundwater flow are increasingly used to examine problems in the hydrologic sciences. Several techniques are currently available to couple the surface and subsurface; the two most frequently employed approaches are first-order exchange coefficients (a.k.a., the surface conductance method) and enforced continuity of pressure and flux at the surface-subsurface boundary condition. The effort reported here examines the parameter sensitivity of simulated hydrologic response for the first-order exchange coefficients at a well-characterized field site using the fully coupled Integrated Hydrology Model (InHM). This investigation demonstrates that the first-order exchange coefficients can be selected such that the simulated hydrologic response is insensitive to the parameter choice, while simulation time is considerably reduced. Alternatively, the ability to choose a first-order exchange coefficient that intentionally decouples the surface and subsurface facilitates concept-development simulations to examine real-world situations where the surface-subsurface exchange is impaired. While the parameters comprising the first-order exchange coefficient cannot be directly estimated or measured, the insensitivity of the simulated flow system to these parameters (when chosen appropriately) combined with the ability to mimic actual physical processes suggests that the first-order exchange coefficient approach can be consistent with a physics-based framework. Copyright ?? 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7279","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Ebel, B., Mirus, B., Heppner, C., VanderKwaak, J., and Loague, K., 2009, First-order exchange coefficient coupling for simulating surface water-groundwater interactions: Parameter sensitivity and consistency with a physics-based approach: Hydrological Processes, v. 23, no. 13, p. 1949-1959, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7279.","startPage":"1949","endPage":"1959","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216700,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7279"}],"volume":"23","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a106ce4b0c8380cd53c77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebel, B.A.","contributorId":87772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mirus, B.B.","contributorId":68128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirus","given":"B.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heppner, C.S.","contributorId":37147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heppner","given":"C.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"VanderKwaak, J.E.","contributorId":103497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanderKwaak","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loague, K.","contributorId":77307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loague","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033998,"text":"70033998 - 2009 - Web-based decision support and visualization tools for water quality management in the Chesapeake Bay watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70033998","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Web-based decision support and visualization tools for water quality management in the Chesapeake Bay watershed","docAbstract":"Federal, State, and local water quality managers charged with restoring the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem require tools to maximize the impact of their limited resources. To address this need, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Environmental Protection Agency's Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP) are developing a suite of Web-based tools called the Chesapeake Online Assessment Support Toolkit (COAST). The goal of COAST is to help CBP partners identify geographic areas where restoration activities would have the greatest effect, select the appropriate management strategies, and improve coordination and prioritization among partners. As part of the COAST suite of tools focused on environmental restoration, a water quality management visualization component called the Nutrient Yields Mapper (NYM) tool is being developed by USGS. The NYM tool is a web application that uses watershed yield estimates from USGS SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed (SPARROW) attributes model (Schwarz et al., 2006) [6] to allow water quality managers to identify important sources of nitrogen and phosphorous within the Chesapeake Bay watershed. The NYM tool utilizes new open source technologies that have become popular in geospatial web development, including components such as OpenLayers and GeoServer. This paper presents examples of water quality data analysis based on nutrient type, source, yield, and area of interest using the NYM tool for the Chesapeake Bay watershed. In addition, we describe examples of map-based techniques for identifying high and low nutrient yield areas; web map engines; and data visualization and data management techniques.","largerWorkTitle":"2009 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Geoinformatics 2009","conferenceTitle":"2009 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Geoinformatics 2009","conferenceDate":"12 August 2009 through 14 August 2009","conferenceLocation":"Fairfax, VA","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/GEOINFORMATICS.2009.5293397","isbn":"9781424445639","usgsCitation":"Mullinix, C., Hearn, P., Zhang, H., and Aguinaldo, J., 2009, Web-based decision support and visualization tools for water quality management in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, <i>in</i> 2009 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Geoinformatics 2009, Fairfax, VA, 12 August 2009 through 14 August 2009, https://doi.org/10.1109/GEOINFORMATICS.2009.5293397.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216809,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/GEOINFORMATICS.2009.5293397"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfc4e4b08c986b32eac1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mullinix, C.","contributorId":71419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullinix","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hearn, P.","contributorId":73852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, H.","contributorId":50311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aguinaldo, J.","contributorId":24197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aguinaldo","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033921,"text":"70033921 - 2009 - Surface complexation modeling of U(VI) adsorption by aquifer sediments from a former mill tailings site at Rifle, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033921","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface complexation modeling of U(VI) adsorption by aquifer sediments from a former mill tailings site at Rifle, Colorado","docAbstract":"A study of U(VI) adsorption by aquifer sediment samples from a former uranium mill tailings site at Rifle, Colorado, was conducted under oxic conditions as a function of pH, U(VI), Ca, and dissolved carbonate concentration. Batch adsorption experiments were performed using &lt;2mm size sediment fractions, a sand-sized fraction, and artificial groundwater solutions prepared to simulate the field groundwater composition. To encompass the geochemical conditions of the alluvial aquifer at the site, the experimental conditions ranged from 6.8 ?? 10<sup>-8</sup> to 10<sup>-5</sup> M in [U(VI)]tot, 7.2 to 8.0 in pH, 3.0 ?? 10<sup>-3</sup> to 6.0 ?? 10 <sup>-3</sup> M in [Ca<sup>2+</sup>], and 0.05 to 2.6% in partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Surface area normalized U(VI) adsorption Kd values for the sand and &lt;2 mm sediment fraction were similar, suggesting a similar reactive surface coating on both fractions. A two-site two-reaction, nonelectrostatic generalized composite surface complexation model was developed and successfully simulated the U(VI) adsorption data. The model successfully predicted U(VI) adsorption observed from a multilevel sampling well installed at the site. A comparison of the model with the one developed previously for a uranium mill tailings site at Naturita, Colorado, indicated that possible calcite nonequilibrium of dissolved calcium concentration should be evaluated. The modeling results also illustrate the importance of the range of data used in deriving the best fit model parameters. ?? 2009 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es902164n","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Hyun, S., Fox, P., Davis, J., Campbell, K., Hayes, K., and Long, P., 2009, Surface complexation modeling of U(VI) adsorption by aquifer sediments from a former mill tailings site at Rifle, Colorado: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 24, p. 9368-9373, https://doi.org/10.1021/es902164n.","startPage":"9368","endPage":"9373","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214186,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es902164n"},{"id":241880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f9ce4b08c986b31e6f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hyun, S.P.","contributorId":88164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyun","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fox, P.M.","contributorId":47949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell, K.M.","contributorId":42438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hayes, K.F.","contributorId":103089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Long, P.E.","contributorId":37514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033919,"text":"70033919 - 2009 - Geology and geomorphology of Bear Lake Valley and upper Bear River, Utah and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033919","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and geomorphology of Bear Lake Valley and upper Bear River, Utah and Idaho","docAbstract":"Bear Lake, on the Idaho-Utah border, lies in a fault-bounded valley through which the Bear River flows en route to the Great Salt Lake. Surficial deposits in the Bear Lake drainage basin provide a geologic context for interpretation of cores from Bear Lake deposits. In addition to groundwater discharge, Bear Lake received water and sediment from its own small drainage basin and sometimes from the Bear River and its glaciated headwaters. The lake basin interacts with the river in complex ways that are modulated by climatically induced lake-level changes, by the distribution of active Quaternary faults, and by the migration of the river across its fluvial fan north of the present lake. The upper Bear River flows northward for ???150 km from its headwaters in the northwestern Uinta Mountains, generally following the strike of regional Laramide and late Cenozoic structures. These structures likely also control the flow paths of groundwater that feeds Bear Lake, and groundwater-fed streams are the largest source of water when the lake is isolated from the Bear River. The present configuration of the Bear River with respect to Bear Lake Valley may not have been established until the late Pliocene. The absence of Uinta Range-derived quartzites in fluvial gravel on the crest of the Bear Lake Plateau east of Bear Lake suggests that the present headwaters were not part of the drainage basin in the late Tertiary. Newly mapped glacial deposits in the Bear River Range west of Bear Lake indicate several advances of valley glaciers that were probably coeval with glaciations in the Uinta Mountains. Much of the meltwater from these glaciers may have reached Bear Lake via groundwater pathways through infiltration in the karst terrain of the Bear River Range. At times during the Pleistocene, the Bear River flowed into Bear Lake and water level rose to the valley threshold at Nounan narrows. This threshold has been modified by aggradation, downcutting, and tectonics. Maximum lake levels have decreased from as high as 1830 m to 1806 m above sea level since the early Pleistocene due to episodic downcutting by the Bear River. The oldest exposed lacustrine sediments in Bear Lake Valley are probably of Pliocene age. Several high-lake phases during the early and middle Pleistocene were separated by episodes of fluvial incision. Threshold incision was not constant, however, because lake highstands of as much as 8 m above bedrock threshold level resulted from aggradation and possibly landsliding at least twice during the late-middle and late Pleistocene. Abandoned stream channels within the low-lying, fault-bounded region between Bear Lake and the modern Bear River show that Bear River progressively shifted northward during the Holocene. Several factors including faulting, location of the fluvial fan, and channel migration across the fluvial fan probably interacted to produce these changes in channel position. Late Quaternary slip rates on the east Bear Lake fault zone are estimated by using the water-level history of Bear Lake, assuming little or no displacement on dated deposits on the west side of the valley. Uplifted lacustrine deposits representing Pliocene to middle Pleistocene highstands of Bear Lake on the footwall block of the east Bear Lake fault zone provide dramatic evidence of long-term slip. Slip rates during the late Pleistocene increased from north to south along the east Bear Lake fault zone, consistent with the tectonic geomorphology. In addition, slip rates on the southern section of the fault zone have apparently decreased over the past 50 k.y. Copyright ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2450(02)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Reheis, M., Laabs, B., and Kaufman, D.S., 2009, Geology and geomorphology of Bear Lake Valley and upper Bear River, Utah and Idaho: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 450, p. 15-48, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2450(02).","startPage":"15","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214154,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2450(02)"}],"issue":"450","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a22f8e4b0c8380cd574c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reheis, M.C. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":36128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laabs, B.J.C.","contributorId":44353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laabs","given":"B.J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaufman, D. S.","contributorId":18006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaufman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033809,"text":"70033809 - 2009 - Trends in concentrations and use of agricultural herbicides for Corn Belt rivers, 1996-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:03:39","indexId":"70033809","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in concentrations and use of agricultural herbicides for Corn Belt rivers, 1996-2006","docAbstract":"Trends in the concentrations and agricultural use of four herbicides (atrazine, acetochlor, metolachlor, and alachlor) were evaluated for major rivers of the Corn Belt for two partially overlapping time periods: 1996-2002 and 2000-2006. Trends were analyzed for 11 sites on the mainstems and selected tributaries in the Ohio, Upper Mississippi, and Missouri River Basins. Concentration trends were determined using a parametric regression model designed for analyzing seasonal variability, flow-related variability, and trends in pesticide concentrations(SEAWAVE-Q).TheSEAWAVE-Qmodel accounts for the effect of changing flow conditions in order to separate changes caused by hydrologic conditions from changes caused by other factors, such as pesticide use. Most of the trends in atrazine and acetochlor concentrations for both time periods were relatively small and nonsignificant, but metolachlor and alachlor were dominated by varying magnitudes of concentration downtrends. Overall, with trends expressed as a percent change per year, trends in herbicide concentrations were consistent with trends in agricultural use; 84 of 88 comparisons for different sites, herbicides, and time periods showed no significant difference between concentration trends and agricultural use trends. Results indicate that decreasing use appears to have been the primary cause for the concentration downtrends during 1996-2006 and that, while there is some evidence that nonuse management factors may have reduced concentrations in some rivers, reliably evaluating the influence of these factors on pesticides in large streams and rivers will require improved, basin-specific information on both management practices and use over time. ?? 2009 American Chemical Society.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es902122j","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Vecchia, A.V., Gilliom, R.J., Sullivan, D.J., Lorenz, D.L., and Martin, J.D., 2009, Trends in concentrations and use of agricultural herbicides for Corn Belt rivers, 1996-2006: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 24, p. 9096-9102, https://doi.org/10.1021/es902122j.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"9096","endPage":"9102","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214411,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es902122j"}],"volume":"43","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7e6e4b08c986b32755e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401 avecchia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":1173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"avecchia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sullivan, Daniel J. 0000-0003-2705-3738 djsulliv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2705-3738","contributorId":1703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Daniel","email":"djsulliv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":442608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lorenz, David L. 0000-0003-3392-4034 lorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-4034","contributorId":1384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"David","email":"lorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martin, Jeffrey D. 0000-0003-1994-5285 jdmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-5285","contributorId":1066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jdmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032529,"text":"70032529 - 2009 - Impact of AMD on water quality in critical watershed in the Hudson River drainage basin: Phillips Mine, Hudson Highlands, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-25T17:03:40","indexId":"70032529","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of AMD on water quality in critical watershed in the Hudson River drainage basin: Phillips Mine, Hudson Highlands, New York","docAbstract":"<p>A sulfur and trace element enriched U-Th-laced tailings pile at the abandoned Phillips Mine in Garrison, New York, releases acid mine drainage (AMD, generally pH &lt; 3, minimum pH 1.78) into the first-order Copper Mine Brook (CMB) that drains into the Hudson River. The pyrrhotite-rich Phillips Mine is located in the Highlands region, a critical water source for the New York metro area. A conceptual model for derivation/dissolution, sequestration, transport and dilution of contaminants is proposed. The acidic water interacts with the tailings, leaching and dissolving the trace metals. AMD evaporation during dry periods concentrates solid phase trace metals and sulfate, forming melanterite (FeSO<sub>4</sub>.7H<sub>2</sub>O) on sulfide-rich tailings surfaces. Wet periods dissolve these concentrates/precipitates, releasing stored acidity and trace metals into the CMB. Sediments along CMB are enriched in iron hydroxides which act as sinks for metals, indicating progressive sequestration that correlates with dilution and sharp rise in pH when mine water mixes with tributaries. Seasonal variations in metal concentrations were partly attributable to dissolution of the efflorescent salts with their sorbed metals and additional metals from surging acidic seepage induced by precipitation.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-008-1310-4","issn":"09430","usgsCitation":"Gilchrist, S., Gates, A., Szabo, Z., and Lamothe, P.J., 2009, Impact of AMD on water quality in critical watershed in the Hudson River drainage basin: Phillips Mine, Hudson Highlands, New York: Environmental Geology, v. 57, no. 2, p. 397-409, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-008-1310-4.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"409","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213913,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-008-1310-4"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Garrison","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.9683723449707,\n              41.286513853008614\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.9683723449707,\n              41.31133964539859\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.90726089477539,\n              41.31133964539859\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.90726089477539,\n              41.286513853008614\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.9683723449707,\n              41.286513853008614\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38afe4b0c8380cd6165d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilchrist, S.","contributorId":34332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilchrist","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gates, A.","contributorId":100203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Szabo, Z. 0000-0002-0760-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":44302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lamothe, P. J.","contributorId":45672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033094,"text":"70033094 - 2009 - Interactions among wildland fires in a long-established Sierra Nevada natural fire area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70033094","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions among wildland fires in a long-established Sierra Nevada natural fire area","docAbstract":"We investigate interactions between successive naturally occurring fires, and assess to what extent the environments in which fires burn influence these interactions. Using mapped fire perimeters and satellite-based estimates of post-fire effects (referred to hereafter as fire severity) for 19 fires burning relatively freely over a 31-year period, we demonstrate that fire as a landscape process can exhibit self-limiting characteristics in an upper elevation Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest. We use the term 'self-limiting' to refer to recurring fire as a process over time (that is, fire regime) consuming fuel and ultimately constraining the spatial extent and lessening fire-induced effects of subsequent fires. When the amount of time between successive adjacent fires is under 9 years, and when fire weather is not extreme (burning index <34.9), the probability of the latter fire burning into the previous fire area is extremely low. Analysis of fire severity data by 10-year periods revealed a fair degree of stability in the proportion of area burned among fire severity classes (unchanged, low, moderate, high). This is in contrast to a recent study demonstrating increasing high-severity burning throughout the Sierra Nevada from 1984 to 2006, which suggests freely burning fires over time in upper elevation Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forests can regulate fire-induced effects across the landscape. This information can help managers better anticipate short- and long-term effects of allowing naturally ignited fires to burn, and ultimately, improve their ability to implement Wildland Fire Use programs in similar forest types. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10021-008-9211-7","issn":"14329","usgsCitation":"Collins, B., Miller, J., Thode, A.E., Kelly, M., van Wagtendonk, J., and Stephens, S., 2009, Interactions among wildland fires in a long-established Sierra Nevada natural fire area: Ecosystems, v. 12, no. 1, p. 114-128, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9211-7.","startPage":"114","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213304,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9211-7"},{"id":240916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cbee4b0c8380cd62fd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, B.M.","contributorId":33925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, J.D.","contributorId":43431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thode, A. E.","contributorId":75870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thode","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelly, M.","contributorId":39585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Wagtendonk, J. W.","contributorId":85111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stephens, S.L.","contributorId":85694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032819,"text":"70032819 - 2009 - Continuing evolution of the Pacific-Juan de Fuca-North America slab window system-A trench-ridge-transform example from the Pacific Rim","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-15T09:13:33","indexId":"70032819","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Continuing evolution of the Pacific-Juan de Fuca-North America slab window system-A trench-ridge-transform example from the Pacific Rim","docAbstract":"Many subduction margins that rim the Pacific Ocean contain complex records of Cenozoic slab-window volcanism combined with tectonic disruption of the continental margin. The series of slab windows that opened beneath California and Mexico starting about 28.5 Ma resulted from the death of a series of spreading ridge segments and led to piecewise destruction of a subduction regime. The timing and areal extent of the resultant slab-window volcanism provide constraints on models that depict the subsequent fragmentation and dispersal of the overlying continental margin. The initial Pioneer slab window thermally weakened the overlying western Transverse Ranges and California Borderlands region starting about 28.5 Ma. A second thermal pulse occurred in the same region starting about 19 Ma during growth of the Monterey slab window. This additional heating, combined with the capture of a partially subducted Monterey plate fragment by the Cocos plate, initiated the pulling apart and rotation of the adjacent continental margin. Similarly, the capture of Guadalupe and Magdalena plate fragments by the Pacific plate and initiation of the Guadalupe-Magdalena slab window about 12.5 Ma are coeval with Baja California pulling away from the Mexico continental margin, with the break along the Comond&uacute; arc, in crust already thermally weakened by about 10 My of volcanism. In coastal California, distributed crustal extension and subsidence accompanied the new transform plate boundary, and continued until the slab windows cooled and plate motion coalesced along a through-going system of strike-slip faults. The transform boundary continues to evolve, and forward modeling predicts an instability with the current configuration as a result of convergence between the Sierra Nevada and Peninsular Ranges batholiths, starting about 2 My in the future. The instability may be resolved by a shift in the locus of transform motion from the San Andreas fault to the eastern California shear zone, or by breaking off another fragment of the Mojave or southern Sierra Nevada crustal blocks and translating it northward.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2008.01.018","issn":"00401","usgsCitation":"McCrory, P., Wilson, D., and Stanley, R., 2009, Continuing evolution of the Pacific-Juan de Fuca-North America slab window system-A trench-ridge-transform example from the Pacific Rim: Tectonophysics, v. 464, no. 1-4, p. 30-42, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.01.018.","startPage":"30","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213650,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.01.018"},{"id":241298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"464","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa54e4b0c8380cd4da55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCrory, P.A.","contributorId":96287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCrory","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, D.S.","contributorId":55216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanley, R. G. 0000-0001-6192-8783","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":77123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"R. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036996,"text":"70036996 - 2009 - Evidence for an Alleghanian (Early Carboniferous to Late Permian) tectonothermal event in the New Jersey Coastal Plain basement from <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar biotite data, geochemistry and gravity modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036996","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2304,"text":"Journal of Geodynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for an Alleghanian (Early Carboniferous to Late Permian) tectonothermal event in the New Jersey Coastal Plain basement from <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar biotite data, geochemistry and gravity modeling","docAbstract":"<sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar dating of biotite from felsic orthogneiss recovered from the -3890-foot level of the Island Beach State Park (IBSP) well beneath the outer New Jersey Coastal Plain was accomplished using CO<sub>2</sub> laser incremental-heating techniques. Over 75% of the Ar released from the incremental-heating experiment form a well-behaved plateau with a calculated age of 243.98 ?? 0.10 Ma. The new 244 Ma biotite age reported here is a cooling age younger than the metamorphic event that crystallized or reheated the biotite. We consider reheating of older biotite to be unlikely because the concordant <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar spectrum upon repeated incremental laser heating showed a well-developed plateau. Thus, biotites from the IBSP gneiss are interpreted as having crystallized during a single thermal event, followed by cooling to below 300 ??C. The IBSP well falls on a structural and geophysical anomaly trend that is along strike with rocks of the Bronson Hill anticlinorium to the north of the IBSP gneiss. Locally graphitic metasedimentary schists and gneisses recovered from New Jersey wells inboard of the IBSP well gneiss correlate to similar lithologies of the Connecticut Valley synclinorium west of the Hartford basin. Our reinterpretation of the IBSP gneiss as metamorphosed dacite or dacitic tuff is consistent with a correlation to some rocks of the Bronson Hill magmatic arc east of the Hartford basin. If correct, this would imply a Late Ordovician age for the protolith of the IBSP gneiss. Reported <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar biotite ages of 235-253 Ma from southwestern Rhode Island, and of 238-247 Ma from southeastern Connecticut, are interpreted as cooling ages following a tectonothermal event associated with the Alleghanian orogeny (Early Carboniferous to Late Permian). Cooling ages of Alleghanian age (Early Carboniferous to Late Permian) are not recognized west of the Bronson Hill volcanic arc in either central Connecticut or in Massachusetts. Therefore, the 244 Ma cooling age presented here, and the geochemical affinity of the IBSP gneiss to some orthogneisses of the Bronson Hill arc, support an interpretation of the IBSP well as representing the southern continuation of the Bronson Hill arc into New Jersey. Moreover, it documents the presence of rocks beneath the outer New Jersey Coastal Plain that experienced a Permian Alleghanian metamorphism. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geodynamics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jog.2009.05.001","issn":"02643707","usgsCitation":"Maguire, T., Volkert, R., Swisher, C.C., and Sheridan, R.E., 2009, Evidence for an Alleghanian (Early Carboniferous to Late Permian) tectonothermal event in the New Jersey Coastal Plain basement from <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar biotite data, geochemistry and gravity modeling: Journal of Geodynamics, v. 48, no. 1, p. 23-36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2009.05.001.","startPage":"23","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217553,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2009.05.001"},{"id":245506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d34e4b0c8380cd52e93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maguire, T.J.","contributorId":82512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maguire","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Volkert, R.A.","contributorId":90799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Volkert","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swisher, C. C. III","contributorId":39139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swisher","given":"C.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sheridan, R. E.","contributorId":36681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheridan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037362,"text":"70037362 - 2009 - Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy and precise dating of middle Frasnian (lower Upper Devonian) Alamo Breccia, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-22T14:54:41.531875","indexId":"70037362","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy and precise dating of middle Frasnian (lower Upper Devonian) Alamo Breccia, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"<p>At Hancock Summit West, Nevada, western USA, uppermost Givetian (upper Middle Devonian) and lower and middle Frasnian (lower Upper Devonian) rocks of the lower Guilmette Formation include, in stratigraphic sequence, carbonate-platform facies of the conodont<span>&nbsp;</span><i>falsiovalis</i>,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>transitans</i>, and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zones; the type Alamo Breccia Member of the middle<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zone; and slope facies of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>hassi</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zones. The catastrophically deposited Alamo Breccia and related phenomena record the ~&nbsp;382&nbsp;Ma Alamo event, produced by a km-scale bolide impact into a marine setting seaward of an extensive carbonate platform fringing western North America. Re-evaluation of conodonts from the lower Guilmette Formation and Alamo Breccia Member, together with regional sedimentologic and conodont biofacies comparisons, now firmly locates the onset of the Johnson et al. (1985) transgressive–regressive (T–R) cycle IIc, which occurred after the start of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zone, within a parautochthonous megablock low in the Alamo Breccia.</p><p>Whole-rock carbon isotope analyses through the lower Guilmette Formation and Alamo Breccia Member reveal two positive<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>excursions: (1) a small, 3‰ excursion, which is possibly correlative with the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>falsiovalis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Event previously identified from sections in Western Europe and Australia, occurs below the breccia in the Upper<span>&nbsp;</span><i>falsiovalis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zone to early part of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>transitans</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zone; and (2) a large, multi-part excursion, dominated by a 6‰ positive shift, begins above the start of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zone and onset of T–R cycle IIc and continues above the Alamo Breccia, ending near the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i>–<span>&nbsp;</span><i>hassi</i><span>&nbsp;</span>zonal boundary. This large excursion correlates with the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Event, a major positive<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C excursion previously recognized in eastern Laurussia and northern Gondwana. Consistent with previous studies, at Hancock Summit West the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Event is apparently not associated with any regional extinctions or ecosystem reorganizations.</p><p>In the study area, onset of the main<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Event began after the start of both the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Zone and T–R cycle IIc, and preceded the Alamo impact by less than 650&nbsp;k.y., as inferred from conodont biochronologic and regional rock-accumulation rate estimates. Although complicated by the heterolithic, high-energy deposits of the Alamo Breccia, the carbon isotope record of the breccia and post-breccia beds does not indicate a major impact-correlative perturbation to the carbon cycle.</p><p>This study extends recognition of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Event to western Laurussia, further reinforcing the potential global scale of the event and its potential importance to understanding early to middle Frasnian marine geochemistry and palaeoenvironments. Based on previous models and our observations, increased tectonic activity, increased nutrient flux to oceans, increased marine bioproductivity, widespread anoxia, and increased organic carbon burial were all likely key factors in driving the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>punctata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Event excursion. Furthermore, periodic eustatic and regional relative sea-level rises may have played an important role in promoting organic carbon burial and in maintaining a link between the primary open-marine geochemical signal and that recorded on the shallow-marine, lower Guilmette carbonate platform.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.08.016","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Morrow, J.R., Sandberg, C., Malkowski, K., and Joachimski, M., 2009, Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy and precise dating of middle Frasnian (lower Upper Devonian) Alamo Breccia, Nevada, USA: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 282, no. 1-4, p. 105-118, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.08.016.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science 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,{"id":70037367,"text":"70037367 - 2009 - Arsenic in the evolution of earth and extraterrestrial ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T10:29:39","indexId":"70037367","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1800,"text":"Geomicrobiology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic in the evolution of earth and extraterrestrial ecosystems","docAbstract":"<div class=\"quote\"><p>If you were asked to speculate about the form extra-terrestrial life on Mars might take, which geomicrobial phenomenon might you select as a model system, assuming that life on Mars would be ‘primitive’? Give your reasons.</p></div><p><br></p><p>At the end of my senior year at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1968, I took Professor Ehrlich's final for his Geomicrobiology course. The above question beckoned to me like the Sirens to Odysseus, for if I answered, it would take so much time and thought that I would never get around to the exam's other essay questions and consequently, would be “shipwrecked” by flunking the course. So, I passed it up. With this 41-year perspective in mind, this manuscript is now submitted to Professor Ehrlich for (belated) “extra-credit.” R.S. Oremland</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/01490450903102525","issn":"01490451","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R., Saltikov, C., Wolfe-Simon, F., and Stolz, J., 2009, Arsenic in the evolution of earth and extraterrestrial ecosystems: Geomicrobiology Journal, v. 26, no. 7, p. 522-536, https://doi.org/10.1080/01490450903102525.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"522","endPage":"536","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217123,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490450903102525"},{"id":245040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed95e4b0c8380cd498ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saltikov, C.W.","contributorId":16216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltikov","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfe-Simon, Felisa","contributorId":37167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe-Simon","given":"Felisa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stolz, J.F.","contributorId":94022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolz","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037369,"text":"70037369 - 2009 - In vitro biology of fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus and host cells in Hawaiian green turtles (Chelonia mydas)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T13:37:51","indexId":"70037369","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2301,"text":"Journal of General Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In vitro biology of fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus and host cells in Hawaiian green turtles (Chelonia mydas)","docAbstract":"<p>Fibropapillomatosis (FP) of green turtles has a global distribution and causes debilitating tumours of the skin and internal organs in several species of marine turtles. FP is associated with a presently non-cultivable alphaherpesvirus Chelonid fibropapilloma-associated herpesvirus (CFPHV). Our aims were to employ quantitative PCR targeted to pol DNA of CFPHV to determine (i) if DNA sequesters by tumour size and/or cell type, (ii) whether subculturing of cells is a viable strategy for isolating CFPHV and (iii) whether CFPHV can be induced to a lytic growth cycle in vitro using chemical modulators of replication (CMRs), temperature variation or co-cultivation. Additional objectives included determining whether non-tumour and tumour cells behave differently in vitro and confirming the phenotype of cultured cells using cell-type-specific antigens. CFPHV pol DNA was preferentially concentrated in dermal fibroblasts of skin tumours and the amount of viral DNA per cell was independent of tumour size. Copy number of CFPHV pol DNA per cell rapidly decreased with cell doubling of tumour-derived fibroblasts in culture. Attempts to induce viral replication in known CFPHV-DNA-positive cells using temperature or CMR failed. No significant differences were seen in in vitro morphology or growth characteristics of fibroblasts from tumour cells and paired normal skin, nor from CFPHV pol-DNA-positive intestinal tumour cells. Tumour cells were confirmed as fibroblasts or keratinocytes by positive staining with anti-vimentin and anti-pancytokeratin antibodies, respectively. CFPHV continues to be refractory to in vitro cultivation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Microbiology Society","doi":"10.1099/vir.0.011650-0","issn":"00221317","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., Dagenais, J., Balazs, G.H., Schumacher, J., Lewis, T.D., Leong, J.C., Casey, R.N., and Casey, J.W., 2009, In vitro biology of fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus and host cells in Hawaiian green turtles (Chelonia mydas): Journal of General Virology, v. 90, no. 8, p. 1943-1950, https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.011650-0.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1943","endPage":"1950","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476385,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.011650-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217176,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.011650-0"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70037371,"text":"70037371 - 2009 - Toward production from gas hydrates: Current status, assessment of resources, and simulation-based evaluation of technology and potential","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037371","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Toward production from gas hydrates: Current status, assessment of resources, and simulation-based evaluation of technology and potential","docAbstract":"Gas hydrates (GHs) are a vast energy resource with global distribution in the permafrost and in the oceans. Even if conservative estimates are considered and only a small fraction is recoverable, the sheer size of the resource is so large that it demands evaluation as a potential energy source. In this review paper, we discuss the distribution of natural GH accumulations, the status of the primary international research and development (R&D) programs, and the remaining science and technological challenges facing the commercialization of production. After a brief examination of GH accumulations that are well characterized and appear to be models for future development and gas production, we analyze the role of numerical simulation in the assessment of the hydrate-production potential, identify the data needs for reliable predictions, evaluate the status of knowledge with regard to these needs, discuss knowledge gaps and their impact, and reach the conclusion that the numerical-simulation capabilities are quite advanced and that the related gaps either are not significant or are being addressed. We review the current body of literature relevant to potential productivity from different types of GH deposits and determine that there are consistent indications of a large production potential at high rates across long periods from a wide variety of hydrate deposits. Finally, we identify (a) features, conditions, geology and techniques that are desirable in potential production targets; (b) methods to maximize production; and (c) some of the conditions and characteristics that render certain GH deposits undesirable for production. Copyright ?? 2009 Society of Petroleum Engineers.","largerWorkTitle":"SPE Reservoir Evaluation and Engineering","language":"English","issn":"10946470","usgsCitation":"Moridis, G.J., Collett, T.S., Boswell, R., Kurihara, M., Reagan, M.T., Koh, C., and Sloan, E.D., 2009, Toward production from gas hydrates: Current status, assessment of resources, and simulation-based evaluation of technology and potential, <i>in</i> SPE Reservoir Evaluation and Engineering, v. 12, no. 5, p. 745-771.","startPage":"745","endPage":"771","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5bbe4b08c986b326876","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moridis, G. J.","contributorId":64863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moridis","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boswell, R.","contributorId":35121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kurihara, M.","contributorId":54823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurihara","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reagan, M. T.","contributorId":52424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reagan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Koh, C.","contributorId":34360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koh","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sloan, E. D.","contributorId":8625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sloan","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70037281,"text":"70037281 - 2009 - Compositions of modern dust and surface sediments in the Desert Southwest, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-21T19:32:09","indexId":"70037281","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compositions of modern dust and surface sediments in the Desert Southwest, United States","docAbstract":"Modern dusts across southwestern United States deserts are compositionally similar to dust-rich Av soil horizons (depths of 0-0.5 cm and 1-4 cm at 35 sites) for common crustal elements but distinctly different for some trace elements. Chemical compositions and magnetic properties of the soil samples are similar among sites relative to dust sources, geographic areas, and lithologic substrates. Exceptions are Li, U, and W, enriched in Owens Valley, California, and Mg and Sr, enriched in soils formed on calcareous fan gravel in southeast Nevada. The Av horizons are dominated by dust and reflect limited mixing with substrate sediments. Modern dust samples are also similar across the region, except that Owens Valley dusts are higher in Mg, Ba, and Li and dusts both there and at sites to the north on volcanic substrates are higher in Sb and W. Thus, dust and Av horizons consist of contributions from many different sources that are well mixed before deposition. Modern dusts contain significantly greater amounts of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Sb than do Av horizons, which record dust additions over hundreds to thousands of years. These results suggest that modern dust compositions are influenced by anthropogenic sources and emissions from Owens (dry) Lake after its artificial desiccation in 1926. Both modern dusts and Av horizons are enriched in As, Ba, Cu, Li, Sb, Th, U, and W relative to average crustal composition, which we interpret to indicate that the geologic sources of dust in the southwestern United States are geochemically distinctive.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2008JF001009","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Reheis, M., Budahn, J., Lamothe, P.J., and Reynolds, R.L., 2009, Compositions of modern dust and surface sediments in the Desert Southwest, United States: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 114, no. F1, F01028, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JF001009.","productDescription":"F01028","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476356,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jf001009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217257,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JF001009"},{"id":245188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"F1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f93ce4b0c8380cd4d4fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reheis, M.C. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":36128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budahn, J. R. 0000-0001-9794-8882","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":83914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lamothe, P. J.","contributorId":45672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reynolds, R. L. 0000-0002-4572-2942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":79885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70156113,"text":"70156113 - 2009 - Chapter 3 - Phenomenology of tsunamis: Statistical properties from generation to runup","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-14T16:47:51.853415","indexId":"70156113","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3887,"text":"Advances in Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chapter 3 - Phenomenology of tsunamis: Statistical properties from generation to runup","docAbstract":"<p>Observations related to tsunami generation, propagation, and runup are reviewed and described in a phenomenological framework. In the three coastal regimes considered (near-field broadside, near-field oblique, and far field), the observed maximum wave amplitude is associated with different parts of the tsunami wavefield. The maximum amplitude in the near-field broadside regime is most often associated with the direct arrival from the source, whereas in the near-field oblique regime, the maximum amplitude is most often associated with the propagation of edge waves. In the far field, the maximum amplitude is most often caused by the interaction of the tsunami coda that develops during basin-wide propagation and the nearshore response, including the excitation of edge waves, shelf modes, and resonance. Statistical distributions that describe tsunami observations are also reviewed, both in terms of spatial distributions, such as coseismic slip on the fault plane and near-field runup, and temporal distributions, such as wave amplitudes in the far field. In each case, fundamental theories of tsunami physics are heuristically used to explain the observations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0065-2687(09)05108-5","usgsCitation":"Geist, E.L., 2009, Chapter 3 - Phenomenology of tsunamis: Statistical properties from generation to runup: Advances in Geophysics, v. 51, p. 107-169, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2687(09)05108-5.","productDescription":"63 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"169","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-017153","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308149,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92b0e4b05d6c4e501a5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70037418,"text":"70037418 - 2009 - Evaluating wildlife response to coastal dune habitat restoration in san francisco, california","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037418","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1462,"text":"Ecological Restoration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating wildlife response to coastal dune habitat restoration in san francisco, california","docAbstract":"The vast dune system that once dominated the entire western half of the San Francisco peninsula in California has been reduced to a few fragments that conserve locally threatened plant and animal species. We measured the effects of ongoing restoration efforts on wildlife abundance and diversity on one of the largest of these fragments, Fort Funston in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. Efforts included removal of non-native species, active restoration of native dune vegetation, and restricted visitor use. We collected data regarding the composition and abundance of vegetation, birds, and ground-dwelling vertebrates on four treatments including an actively restored area with restricted visitor use, an unrestored area where visitor use had been restricted for ten years, an unrestored area where visitor use had been restricted for two years, and an unrestored area with unrestricted visitor use. Results indicated that the diversity and abundance of wildlife species, as well as the richness and cover of native plant species, were greater in the restored area than in all other sampled areas. Restricted visitor use alone had only modest positive effects on the abundance and diversity of wildlife and the richness and cover of native plant species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Restoration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3368/er.27.4.439","issn":"15434079","usgsCitation":"Russell, W., Shulzitski, J., and Setty, A., 2009, Evaluating wildlife response to coastal dune habitat restoration in san francisco, california: Ecological Restoration, v. 27, no. 4, p. 439-448, https://doi.org/10.3368/er.27.4.439.","startPage":"439","endPage":"448","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217237,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.27.4.439"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c05e4b0c8380cd529d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russell, W.","contributorId":87785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shulzitski, J.","contributorId":76578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shulzitski","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Setty, A.","contributorId":72620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Setty","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037423,"text":"70037423 - 2009 - Elements of an improved model of debris-flow motion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-22T12:05:21.228572","indexId":"70037423","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Elements of an improved model of debris-flow motion","docAbstract":"A new depth-averaged model of debris-flow motion describes simultaneous evolution of flow velocity and depth, solid and fluid volume fractions, and pore-fluid pressure. Non-hydrostatic pore-fluid pressure is produced by dilatancy, a state-dependent property that links the depth-averaged shear rate and volumetric strain rate of the granular phase. Pore-pressure changes caused by shearing allow the model to exhibit rate-dependent flow resistance, despite the fact that the basal shear traction involves only rate-independent Coulomb friction. An analytical solution of simplified model equations shows that the onset of downslope motion can be accelerated or retarded by pore-pressure change, contingent on whether dilatancy is positive or negative. A different analytical solution shows that such effects will likely be muted if downslope motion continues long enough, because dilatancy then evolves toward zero, and volume fractions and pore pressure concurrently evolve toward steady states. ?? 2009 American Institute of Physics.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"AIP Conference Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"conferenceTitle":"6th International Conference on Micromechanics of Granular Media, Powders and Grains 2009","conferenceDate":"July 13-17, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Golden, CO","language":"English","publisher":"AIP Publishing","doi":"10.1063/1.3180101","issn":"0094243X","isbn":"9780735406827","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R., 2009, Elements of an improved model of debris-flow motion, <i>in</i> AIP Conference Proceedings, v. 1145, Golden, CO, July 13-17, 2009, p. 9-16, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3180101.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-011929","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1145","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08c1e4b0c8380cd51c66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, R.M. 0000-0002-7369-3819","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":16435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70037429,"text":"70037429 - 2009 - Performance of temperature and dissolved oxygen criteria to predict habitat use by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T01:23:07.122972","indexId":"70037429","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Performance of temperature and dissolved oxygen criteria to predict habitat use by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)","docAbstract":"<div>We compared theoretical habitat volumes, determined from traditional combinations of temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) boundaries, with in situ habitat use by acoustically tagged lake trout (<span class=\"named-content\" data-type=\"species\">Salvelinus namaycush</span>). The widely used criteria of 8–12&nbsp;°C underestimated lake trout habitat use by 68%–80%. Instead, combined temperature (&lt;12 or 15&nbsp;°C) and DO (&gt;4 or 6&nbsp;mg·L<sup>–1</sup>) criteria most closely matched lake trout habitat use, had a similar seasonal trend as the tagged fish, suggested modest reductions (5% of total lake volume) in habitat during a warmer year, and performed best when the constraints of temperature and DO were most limiting. All data were collected in a small boreal shield lake (27&nbsp;ha,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>z</i><sub>max</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 21&nbsp;m) at the Experimental Lakes Area in northwestern Ontario, Canada, during two contrasting periods of thermal stratification (2003: warmer and longer; 2004: cooler and shorter), providing an assessment of observed and theoretical habitat volumes over current environmental extremes.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/F09-129","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Plumb, J., and Blanchfield, P., 2009, Performance of temperature and dissolved oxygen criteria to predict habitat use by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 66, no. 11, p. 2011-2023, https://doi.org/10.1139/F09-129.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2011","endPage":"2023","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245201,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.27310466371186,\n              50.251409577362494\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.27310466371186,\n              47.53647767348366\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.59341716371155,\n              47.53647767348366\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.59341716371155,\n              50.251409577362494\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.27310466371186,\n              50.251409577362494\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a768fe4b0c8380cd781a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumb, J.M.","contributorId":37870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumb","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blanchfield, P.J.","contributorId":64025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchfield","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037250,"text":"70037250 - 2009 - High-frequency Rayleigh-wave method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T01:39:58.467449","indexId":"70037250","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5952,"text":"Earth Science","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-frequency Rayleigh-wave method","docAbstract":"<div id=\"Abs1-section\" class=\"c-article-section\"><div id=\"Abs1-content\" class=\"c-article-section__content\"><p>High-frequency (≥2 Hz) Rayleigh-wave data acquired with a multichannel recording system have been utilized to determine shear (S)-wave velocities in near-surface geophysics since the early 1980s. This overview article discusses the main research results of high-frequency surface-wave techniques achieved by research groups at the Kansas Geological Survey and China University of Geosciences in the last 15 years. The multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) method is a non-invasive acoustic approach to estimate near-surface S-wave velocity. The differences between MASW results and direct borehole measurements are approximately 15% or less and random. Studies show that simultaneous inversion with higher modes and the fundamental mode can increase model resolution and an investigation depth. The other important seismic property, quality factor (<i>Q</i>), can also be estimated with the MASW method by inverting attenuation coefficients of Rayleigh waves. An inverted model (S-wave velocity or<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i>) obtained using a damped least-squares method can be assessed by an optimal damping vector in a vicinity of the inverted model determined by an objective function, which is the trace of a weighted sum of model-resolution and model-covariance matrices. Current developments include modeling high-frequency Rayleigh-waves in near-surface media, which builds a foundation for shallow seismic or Rayleigh-wave inversion in the time-offset domain; imaging dispersive energy with high resolution in the frequency-velocity domain and possibly with data in an arbitrary acquisition geometry, which opens a door for 3D surface-wave techniques; and successfully separating surface-wave modes, which provides a valuable tool to perform S-wave velocity profiling with high-horizontal resolution.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12583-009-0047-7","issn":"1674487X","usgsCitation":"Xia, J., Miller, R., Xu, Y., Luo, Y., Chen, C., Liu, J., Ivanov, J., and Zeng, C., 2009, High-frequency Rayleigh-wave method: Earth Science, v. 20, no. 3, p. 563-579, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-009-0047-7.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"563","endPage":"579","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245186,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30e8e4b0c8380cd5da5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luo, Y.","contributorId":28417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chen, C.","contributorId":98490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ivanov, J.","contributorId":107068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zeng, C.","contributorId":94519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70037209,"text":"70037209 - 2009 - On near-source earthquake triggering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-30T12:09:10.963995","indexId":"70037209","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On near-source earthquake triggering","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p><span class=\"paraNumber\">[1]<span>&nbsp;</span></span>When one earthquake triggers others nearby, what connects them? Two processes are observed: static stress change from fault offset and dynamic stress changes from passing seismic waves. In the near-source region (<i>r</i><span>&nbsp;</span>≤ 50 km for<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;</span>∼ 5 sources) both processes may be operating, and since both mechanisms are expected to raise earthquake rates, it is difficult to isolate them. We thus compare explosions with earthquakes because only earthquakes cause significant static stress changes. We find that large explosions at the Nevada Test Site do not trigger earthquakes at rates comparable to similar magnitude earthquakes. Surface waves are associated with regional and long-range dynamic triggering, but we note that surface waves with low enough frequency to penetrate to depths where most aftershocks of the 1992<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 5.7 Little Skull Mountain main shock occurred (∼12 km) would not have developed significant amplitude within a 50-km radius. We therefore focus on the best candidate phases to cause local dynamic triggering, direct waves that pass through observed near-source aftershock clusters. We examine these phases, which arrived at the nearest (200–270 km) broadband station before the surface wave train and could thus be isolated for study. Direct comparison of spectral amplitudes of presurface wave arrivals shows that<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;</span>∼ 5 explosions and earthquakes deliver the same peak dynamic stresses into the near-source crust. We conclude that a static stress change model can readily explain observed aftershock patterns, whereas it is difficult to attribute near-source triggering to a dynamic process because of the dearth of aftershocks near large explosions.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2008JB006277","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., and Velasco, A., 2009, On near-source earthquake triggering: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 114, no. 10, B10307, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006277.","productDescription":"B10307, 14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476289,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jb006277","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244997,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6d9fe4b0c8380cd75226","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Velasco, A.A.","contributorId":101894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velasco","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}