Analysts and managers of surface-water resources might have interest in selected statistics of daily mean streamflow for U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow-gaging stations in Texas. The selected statistics are the annual mean, maximum, minimum, and L-scale of daily meanstreamflow. Annual L-scale of streamflow is a robust measure of the variability of the daily mean streamflow for a given year. The USGS, in cooperation with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, initiated in 2006a data and reporting process to generate annual statistics for 712 USGS streamflow-gaging stations in Texas. A graphical depiction of the history of the annual statistics for most active and inactive, continuous-record gaging stations in Texas provides valuable information by conveying the historical perspective of streamflow for the watershed. Each figure consists off our time-series plots of the annual statistics of daily mean streamflow for each streamflow-gaging station. Each of the four plots is augmented with horizontal lines that depict the mean and median annual values of the corresponding statistic for the period of record. Monotonic trends for each of the four annual statistics also are identified using Kendall's T. The history of one or more streamflow-gaging stations could be used in a watershed, river basin, or other regional context by analysts and managers of surface-water resources to guide scientific, regulatory, or other inquiries of streamflow conditions in Texas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds248","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Asquith, W.H., Vrabel, J., and Roussel, M.C., 2007, Summary of annual mean, maximum, minimum, and L-scale statistics of daily mean streamflow for 712 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging Stations in Texas Through 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 248, xxxix, 722 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds248.","productDescription":"xxxix, 722 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds248.gif"},{"id":9675,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2007/248/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327731,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2007/248/pdf/ds248.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6990dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vrabel, Joseph 0000-0002-8773-0764 jvrabel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8773-0764","contributorId":1577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vrabel","given":"Joseph","email":"jvrabel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roussel, Meghan C. mroussel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roussel","given":"Meghan","email":"mroussel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79955,"text":"ofr20071155 - 2007 - Descriptive and Grade-Tonnage Models and Database for Iron Oxide Cu-Au Deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:15","indexId":"ofr20071155","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1155","title":"Descriptive and Grade-Tonnage Models and Database for Iron Oxide Cu-Au Deposits","docAbstract":"Iron oxide Cu-Au deposits are veins and breccia-hosted bodies of hematite and/or magnetite with disseminated Cu + Au ? Ag ? Pd ? Pt ? Ni ? U ? LREE minerals formed in sedimentary or volcano-sedimentary basins intruded by igneous rocks. Deposits are associated with broad redox boundaries and feature sodic alteration of source rocks and potassic alteration of host rocks.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071155","usgsCitation":"Cox, D.P., and Singer, D.A., 2007, Descriptive and Grade-Tonnage Models and Database for Iron Oxide Cu-Au Deposits (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1155, Report: 13 p.; Map: 9 x 5 inches; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071155.","productDescription":"Report: 13 p.; Map: 9 x 5 inches; Database","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9676,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1155/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6680e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, Dennis P. dcox@usgs.gov","contributorId":2766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Dennis","email":"dcox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79956,"text":"ofr20071101 - 2007 - A compilation of spatial digital databases for selected U.S. Geological Survey nonfuel mineral resource assessments for parts of Idaho and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T13:21:02","indexId":"ofr20071101","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1101","title":"A compilation of spatial digital databases for selected U.S. Geological Survey nonfuel mineral resource assessments for parts of Idaho and Montana","docAbstract":"This report compiles selected results from 13 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) mineral resource assessment studies conducted in Idaho and Montana into consistent spatial databases that can be used in a geographic information system. The 183 spatial databases represent areas of mineral potential delineated in these studies and include attributes on mineral deposit type, level of mineral potential, certainty, and a reference. The assessments were conducted for five 1? x 2? quadrangles (Butte, Challis, Choteau, Dillon, and Wallace), several U.S. Forest Service (USFS) National Forests (including Challis, Custer, Gallatin, Helena, and Payette), and one Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Resource Area (Dillon). The data contained in the spatial databases are based on published information: no new interpretations are made. This digital compilation is part of an ongoing effort to provide mineral resource information formatted for use in spatial analysis. In particular, this is one of several reports prepared to address USFS needs for science information as forest management plans are revised in the Northern Rocky Mountains.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071101","usgsCitation":"Carlson, M.H., Zientek, M.L., Causey, J.D., Kayser, H.Z., Spanski, G.T., Wilson, A.B., Van Gosen, B.S., and Trautwein, C.M., 2007, A compilation of spatial digital databases for selected U.S. Geological Survey nonfuel mineral resource assessments for parts of Idaho and Montana (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1101, Report: iii, 30 p.; Data Files; Metadata; ReadMe, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071101.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 30 p.; Data Files; Metadata; ReadMe","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9677,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1101/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.5,42.75 ], [ -117.5,48 ], [ -108,48 ], [ -108,42.75 ], [ -117.5,42.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4950e4b0b290850ef0bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, Mary H.","contributorId":58723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zientek, Michael L. 0000-0002-8522-9626 mzientek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-9626","contributorId":2420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"Michael","email":"mzientek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Causey, J. Douglas","contributorId":41398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Causey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kayser, Helen Z.","contributorId":46173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayser","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spanski, Gregory T.","contributorId":43806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spanski","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilson, Anna B. 0000-0002-9737-2614 awilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-2614","contributorId":1619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Anna","email":"awilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Trautwein, Charles M. trautwein@usgs.gov","contributorId":2861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trautwein","given":"Charles","email":"trautwein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":79953,"text":"ds247 - 2007 - Summary of percentages of zero daily mean streamflow for 712 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations in Texas through 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T14:38:08","indexId":"ds247","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"247","title":"Summary of percentages of zero daily mean streamflow for 712 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations in Texas through 2003","docAbstract":"Analysts and managers of surface-water resources might have interest in the zero-flow potential for U.S.Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow-gaging stations in Texas. The USGS, in cooperation with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, initiated a data and reporting process to generate summaries of percentages of zero daily mean streamflow for 712 USGS streamflow-gaging stations in Texas. A summary of the percentages of zero daily mean streamflow for most active and inactive, continuous-record gaging stations in Texas provides valuable information by conveying the historical perspective for zero-flow potential for the watershed. The summaries of percentages of zero daily mean streamflow for each station are graphically depicted using two thematic perspectives: annual and monthly. The annual perspective consists of graphs of annual percentages of zero streamflow by year with the addition of lines depicting the mean and median annual percentage of zero streamflow. Monotonic trends in the percentages of zero streamflow also are identified using Kendall's T. The monthly perspective consists of graphs of the percentage of zero streamflow by month with lines added to indicate the mean and median monthly percentage of zero streamflow. One or more summaries could be used in a watershed, river basin, or other regional context by analysts and managers of surface-water resources to guide scientific, regulatory, or other inquiries of zero-flow or other low-flow conditions in Texas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds247","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Asquith, W.H., Vrabel, J., and Roussel, M.C., 2007, Summary of percentages of zero daily mean streamflow for 712 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations in Texas through 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 247, xxxii, 723 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds247.","productDescription":"xxxii, 723 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds247.gif"},{"id":327732,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2007/247/pdf/ds247.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":9674,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2007/247/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6994e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vrabel, Joseph 0000-0002-8773-0764 jvrabel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8773-0764","contributorId":1577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vrabel","given":"Joseph","email":"jvrabel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roussel, Meghan C. mroussel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roussel","given":"Meghan","email":"mroussel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79944,"text":"ofr20071128 - 2007 - Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Hancock County, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:24","indexId":"ofr20071128","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1128","title":"Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Hancock County, Maine","docAbstract":"Background\r\n\r\nThe Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) developed a plan in 1997 to modernize the FEMA flood mapping program. FEMA flood maps delineate flood hazard areas in support of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). FEMA's plan outlined the steps necessary to update FEMA's flood maps for the nation to a seamless digital format and streamline FEMA's operations in raising public awareness of the importance of the maps and responding to requests to revise them. The modernization of flood maps involves conversion of existing information to digital format and integration of improved flood hazard data as needed. To determine flood mapping modernization needs, FEMA has established specific scoping activities to be done on a county-by-county basis for identifying and prioritizing requisite flood-mapping activities for map modernization. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with FEMA and the Maine Floodplain Management Program (MFMP) State Planning Office, began scoping work in 2006 for Hancock County. Scoping activities included assembling existing data and map needs information for communities in Hancock County, documentation of data, contacts, community meetings, and prioritized mapping needs in a final scoping report (this document), and updating the Mapping Needs Update Support System (MNUSS) database with information gathered during the scoping process.\r\n\r\nThe average age of the FEMA floodplain maps (all types) in Hancock County, Maine, is at least 19 years. Most of these studies were published in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and no study is more recent than 1992. Some towns have partial maps that are more recent than their study, indicating that the true average age of the data is probably more than 19 years. Since the studies were done, development has occurred in some of the watersheds and the characteristics of the watersheds have changed. Therefore, many of the older studies may not depict current conditions or accurately estimate risk in terms of flood heights or flood mapping.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071128","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Region I and the Maine Floodplain Management Program, State Planning Office","usgsCitation":"Schalk, C.W., and Dudley, R.W., 2007, Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Hancock County, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1128, 147 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071128.","productDescription":"147 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9664,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1128/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae4f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schalk, Charles W. cwschalk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schalk","given":"Charles","email":"cwschalk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79948,"text":"ofr20071112 - 2007 - The National Assessment of Shoreline Change: A GIS compilation of vector cliff edges and associated cliff erosion data for the California coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T20:35:54.6061","indexId":"ofr20071112","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1112","title":"The National Assessment of Shoreline Change: A GIS compilation of vector cliff edges and associated cliff erosion data for the California coast","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has generated a comprehensive data clearinghouse of digital vector cliff edges and associated rates of cliff retreat along the open-ocean California coast. These data, which are presented herein, were compiled as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project.
\nCliff erosion is a chronic problem along many coastlines of the United States. As coastal populations continue to grow and community infrastructures are threatened by erosion, there is increased demand for accurate information including rates and trends of coastal cliff retreat. There is also a critical need for these data to be consistent from one region to another. One objective of this work is to a develop standard, repeatable methodology for mapping and analyzing cliff edge retreat so that periodic, systematic, and internally consistent updates of cliff edge position and associated rates of erosion can be made at a national scale.
\nThis data compilation for open-ocean cliff edges for the California coast is a separate, yet related study to Hapke and others, 2006 documenting shoreline change along sandy shorelines of the California coast, which is itself one in a series that includes the Gulf of Mexico and the Southeast Atlantic coast (Morton and others, 2004; Morton and Miller, 2005). Future reports and data compilations will include coverage of the Northeast U.S., the Great Lakes, Hawaii and Alaska. Cliff edge change is determined by comparing the positions of one historical cliff edge digitized from maps with a modern cliff edge derived from topographic LIDAR (light detection and ranging) surveys. Historical cliff edges for the California coast represent the 1920s-1930s time-period; the most recent cliff edge was delineated using data collected between 1998 and 2002. End-point rate calculations were used to evaluate rates of erosion between the two cliff edges. Please refer to our full report on cliff edge erosion along the California coastline at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1133/ for additional information regarding methods and results (Hapke and others, 2007).
\nData in this report are organized into downloadable layers by region (Northern, Central and Southern California) and are provided as vector datasets with accompanying metadata. Vector cliff edges may represent a compilation of data from one or more sources and the sources used are included in the dataset metadata. This project employs the Environmental Systems Research Institute's (ESRI) ArcGIS as it's Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping tool and contains several data layers (shapefiles) that are used to create a geographic view of the California coast. The vector data form a basemap comprising polygon and line themes that include a U.S. coastline (1:80,000), U.S. cities, and state boundaries.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071112","usgsCitation":"Hapke, C., Reid, D., and Borrelli, M., 2007, The National Assessment of Shoreline Change: A GIS compilation of vector cliff edges and associated cliff erosion data for the California coast (Version 1.1, revised Sep. 2008): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1112, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071112.","productDescription":"HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395726,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81259.htm"},{"id":190980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071112.PNG"},{"id":9668,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1112/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.87255859374999,\n 32.713355353177555\n ],\n [\n -117.3779296875,\n 33.669496972795535\n ],\n [\n -119.00390625,\n 34.470335121217474\n ],\n [\n -120.43212890625,\n 34.75966612466248\n ],\n [\n -120.87158203125,\n 35.71083783530009\n ],\n [\n -121.6845703125,\n 36.63316209558658\n ],\n [\n -121.640625,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -122.18994140624999,\n 37.47485808497102\n ],\n [\n -121.9482421875,\n 37.77071473849609\n ],\n [\n -122.49755859375,\n 38.34165619279595\n ],\n [\n -122.71728515624999,\n 38.18638677411551\n ],\n [\n -123.3984375,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -124.1455078125,\n 40.39676430557203\n ],\n [\n -123.68408203124999,\n 41.376808565702355\n ],\n [\n -124.01367187499999,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -124.91455078125,\n 41.95131994679697\n ],\n [\n -124.62890625,\n 40.195659093364654\n ],\n [\n -123.77197265625,\n 38.65119833229951\n ],\n [\n -123.06884765625,\n 37.70120736474139\n ],\n [\n -122.25585937500001,\n 36.721273880045004\n ],\n [\n -121.70654296874999,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 35.17380831799959\n ],\n [\n -120.82763671875,\n 34.470335121217474\n ],\n [\n -120.36621093749999,\n 33.797408767572485\n ],\n [\n -118.67431640625,\n 32.287132632616384\n ],\n [\n -116.87255859374999,\n 32.713355353177555\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1, revised Sep. 2008","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b15b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hapke, Cheryl","contributorId":89846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Cheryl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, David","contributorId":63888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Borrelli, Mark","contributorId":22862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borrelli","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79951,"text":"sir20075014 - 2007 - Simulation of the shallow ground-water-flow system near Grindstone Creek and the community of New Post, Sawyer County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-08T18:21:44.688778","indexId":"sir20075014","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5014","title":"Simulation of the shallow ground-water-flow system near Grindstone Creek and the community of New Post, Sawyer County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional, steady-state ground-water-flow model of Grindstone Creek, the New Post community, and the surrounding areas was developed using the analytic element computer code GFLOW. The parameter estimation code UCODE was used to obtain a best fit of the model to measured water levels and streamflows. The calibrated model was then used to simulate the effect of ground-water pumping on base flow in Grindstone Creek. Local refinements to the regional model were subsequently added in the New Post area, and local water-level data were used to evaluate the regional model calibration. The locally refined New Post model was also used to simulate the areal extent of capture for two existing water-supply wells and two possible replacement wells.\r\n\r\nCalibration of the regional Grindstone Creek simulation resulted in horizontal hydraulic conductivity values of 58.2 feet per day (ft/d) for the regional glacial and sandstone aquifer and 7.9 ft/d for glacial thrust-mass areas. Ground-water recharge in the calibrated regional model was 10.1 inches per year. Simulation of a golf-course irrigation well, located roughly 4,000 feet away from the creek, and pumping at 46 gallons per minute (0.10 cubic feet per second, ft3/s), reduced base flow in Grindstone Creek by 0.05 ft3/s, or 0.6 percent of the median base flow during water year 2003, compared to the calibrated model simulation without pumping. A simulation of peak pumping periods (347 gallons per minute or 0.77 ft3/s) reduced base flow in Grindstone Creek by 0.4 ft3/s (4.9 percent of the median base flow).\r\n\r\nCapture zones for existing and possible replacement wells delineated by the local New Post simulation extend from the well locations to an area south of the pumping well locations. Shallow crystalline bedrock, generally located south of the community, limits the extent of the aquifer and thus the southerly extent of the capture zones. Simulated steady-state pumping at a rate of 9,600 gallons per day (gal/d) from a possible replacement well near the Chippewa Flowage induced 70 gal/d of water from the flowage to enter the aquifer. Although no water-quality samples were collected from the Chippewa Flowage or the ground-water system, surface-water leakage into the ground-water system could potentially change the local water quality in the aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075014","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa","usgsCitation":"Juckem, P.F., and Hunt, R.J., 2007, Simulation of the shallow ground-water-flow system near Grindstone Creek and the community of New Post, Sawyer County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5014, vi, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075014.","productDescription":"vi, 29 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9671,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5014/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":406386,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81264.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Sawyer County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.4,\n 45.8333\n ],\n [\n -91.15,\n 45.8333\n ],\n [\n -91.15,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -91.4,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -91.4,\n 45.8333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4909e4b07f02db56b209","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juckem, Paul F. 0000-0002-3613-1761 pfjuckem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3613-1761","contributorId":1905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juckem","given":"Paul","email":"pfjuckem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79949,"text":"ofr20071133 - 2007 - National assessment of shoreline change, part 4: Historical coastal cliff retreat along the California coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T22:19:24.405279","indexId":"ofr20071133","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1133","title":"National assessment of shoreline change, part 4: Historical coastal cliff retreat along the California coast","docAbstract":"Coastal cliff retreat, the landward migration of the cliff face, is a chronic problem along many rocky coastlines in the United States. As coastal populations continue to grow and community infrastructures are threatened by erosion, there is increased demand for accurate information regarding trends and rates of coastal cliff retreat. There is also a need for a comprehensive analysis of cliff retreat that is consistent from one coastal region to another. To meet these national needs, the U.S. Geological Survey is conducting an analysis of historical coastal cliff retreat along open-ocean rocky coastlines of the conterminous United States and parts of Hawaii, Alaska, and the Great Lakes. One purpose of this work is to develop standard repeatable methods for mapping and analyzing coastal cliff retreat so that periodic updates of coastal erosion can be made nationally that are systematic and internally consistent.
This report on the California Coast is an accompaniment to a report on long-term sandy shoreline change for California. This report summarizes the methods of analysis, interprets the results, and provides explanations regarding long-term rates of cliff retreat. Neither detailed background information on the National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project nor detailed descriptions of the geology and geomorphology of the California coastline are presented in this report. The reader is referred to the shoreline change report (Hapke et al., 2006) for this type of background information.
Cliff retreat evaluations are based on comparing one historical cliff edge digitized from maps, with a recent cliff edge interpreted from lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) topographic surveys. The historical cliff edges are from a period ranging from 1920-1930, whereas the lidar cliff edges are from either 1998 or 2002. Long-term (~70- year) rates of retreat are calculated using the two cliff edges. The rates of retreat presented in this report represent conditions from the 1930s to 1998, and are not intended for predicting future cliff edge positions or rates of retreat. Due to the geomorphology of much of California's rocky coast (high-relief, steep slopes with no defined cliff edge) as well as to gaps in both the historical maps and lidar data, we were able to derive two cliff edges and therefore calculate cliff retreat rates for a total of 353 km.
The average rate of coastal cliff retreat for the State of California was -0.3±0.2 m/yr, based on rates averaged from 17,653 individual transects measured throughout all areas of California's rocky coastline. The average amount of cliff retreat was 17.7 m over the 70-year time period of our analysis. Retreat rates were generally lowest in Southern California where coastal engineering projects have greatly altered the natural coastal system. California permits shoreline stabilization structures where homes, buildings or other community infrastructure are imminently threatened by erosion. While seawalls and/or riprap revetments have been constructed in all three sections of California, a larger proportion of the Southern California coast has been protected by engineering works, due, in part, to the larger population pressures in this area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071133","usgsCitation":"Hapke, C.J., and Reid, D., 2007, National assessment of shoreline change, part 4: Historical coastal cliff retreat along the California coast: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1133, vi, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071133.","productDescription":"vi, 51 p.","numberOfPages":"57","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071133.jpg"},{"id":395504,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81260.htm"},{"id":9669,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1133/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":293082,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1133/of2007-1133.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.78466796875,\n 32.63937487360669\n ],\n [\n -117.88330078125,\n 34.361576287484176\n ],\n [\n -121.2451171875,\n 36.82687474287728\n ],\n [\n -122.32177734375,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -123.50830078125,\n 39.33429742980725\n ],\n [\n -123.72802734375,\n 42.049292638686836\n ],\n [\n -124.8046875,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -124.82666015624999,\n 40.17887331434696\n ],\n [\n -123.3984375,\n 37.82280243352756\n ],\n [\n -122.18994140624999,\n 36.06686213257888\n ],\n [\n -120.82763671875,\n 34.56085936708384\n ],\n [\n -120.43212890625,\n 33.63291573870479\n ],\n [\n -117.99316406249999,\n 32.287132632616384\n ],\n [\n -116.78466796875,\n 32.63937487360669\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698930","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hapke, Cheryl J. 0000-0002-2753-4075 chapke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-4075","contributorId":2981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Cheryl","email":"chapke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":291258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, David","contributorId":63888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79946,"text":"ofr20071130 - 2007 - Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Lincoln County, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:23","indexId":"ofr20071130","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1130","title":"Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Lincoln County, Maine","docAbstract":"Background\r\n\r\nThe Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) developed a plan in 1997 to modernize the FEMA flood mapping program. FEMA flood maps delineate flood hazard areas in support of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). FEMA's plan outlined the steps necessary to update FEMA's flood maps for the nation to a seamless digital format and streamline FEMA's operations in raising public awareness of the importance of the maps and responding to requests to revise them. The modernization of flood maps involves conversion of existing information to digital format and integration of improved flood hazard data as needed. To determine flood mapping modernization needs, FEMA has established specific scoping activities to be done on a county-by-county basis for identifying and prioritizing requisite flood-mapping activities for map modernization. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with FEMA and the Maine Floodplain Management Program (MFMP) State Planning Office, began scoping work in 2006 for Lincoln County. Scoping activities included assembling existing data and map needs information for communities in Lincoln County, documentation of data, contacts, community meetings, and prioritized mapping needs in a final scoping report (this document), and updating the Mapping Needs Update Support System (MNUSS) database with information gathered during the scoping process.\r\n\r\nThe average age of the FEMA floodplain maps in Lincoln County, Maine is at least 17 years. Many of these studies were published in the mid- to late-1980s, and some towns have partial maps that are more recent than their study. However, in the ensuing 15-20 years, development has occurred in many of the watersheds, and the characteristics of the watersheds have changed with time. Therefore, many of the older studies may not depict current conditions nor accurately estimate risk in terms of flood heights or flood mapping.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071130","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Region I and the Maine Floodplain Management Program, State Planning Office","usgsCitation":"Schalk, C.W., and Dudley, R.W., 2007, Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Lincoln County, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1130, 111 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071130.","productDescription":"111 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9666,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1130/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schalk, Charles W. cwschalk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schalk","given":"Charles","email":"cwschalk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79947,"text":"ofr20071131 - 2007 - Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Androscoggin County, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"ofr20071131","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1131","title":"Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Androscoggin County, Maine","docAbstract":"Background\r\n\r\nThe Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) developed a plan in 1997 to modernize the FEMA flood mapping program. FEMA flood maps delineate flood hazard areas in support of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). FEMA's plan outlined the steps necessary to update FEMA's flood maps for the nation to a seamless digital format and streamline FEMA's operations in raising public awareness of the importance of the maps and responding to requests to revise them. The modernization of flood maps involves conversion of existing information to digital format and integration of improved flood hazard data as needed and as funds allow. To determine flood mapping modernization needs, FEMA has established specific scoping activities to be done on a county-by-county basis for identifying and prioritizing requisite flood-mapping activities for map modernization. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with FEMA and the Maine Floodplain Management Program (MFMP) State Planning Office, began scoping work in 2006 for Androscoggin County. Scoping activities included assembling existing data and map needs information for communities in Androscoggin County, documentation of data, contacts, community meetings, and prioritized mapping needs in a final scoping report (this document), and updating the Mapping Needs Update Support System (MNUSS) Database with information gathered during the scoping process.\r\n\r\nThe average age of the FEMA floodplain maps in Androscoggin County, Maine, is at least 17 years. Most studies were published in the early 1990s, and some towns have partial maps that are more recent than their study date. Since the studies were done, development has occurred in many of the watersheds and the characteristics of the watersheds have changed with time. Therefore, many of the older studies may not depict current conditions nor accurately estimate risk in terms of flood heights or flood mapping.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071131","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Region I and the Maine Floodplain Management Program, State Planning Office","usgsCitation":"Schalk, C.W., and Dudley, R.W., 2007, Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Androscoggin County, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1131, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071131.","productDescription":"78 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9667,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1131/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5a75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schalk, Charles W. cwschalk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schalk","given":"Charles","email":"cwschalk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79945,"text":"ofr20071129 - 2007 - Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Penobscot County, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:23","indexId":"ofr20071129","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1129","title":"Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Penobscot County, Maine","docAbstract":"Background\r\n\r\nThe Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) developed a plan in 1997 to modernize the FEMA flood mapping program. FEMA flood maps delineate flood hazard areas in support of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). FEMA's plan outlined the steps necessary to update FEMA's flood maps for the nation to a seamless digital format and streamline FEMA's operations in raising public awareness of the importance of the maps and responding to requests to revise them. The modernization of flood maps involves conversion of existing information to digital format and integration of improved flood hazard data as needed. To determine flood mapping modernization needs, FEMA has established specific scoping activities to be done on a county-by-county basis for identifying and prioritizing requisite flood-mapping activities for map modernization. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with FEMA and the Maine State Planning Office Floodplain Management Program (MFMP), began scoping work in 2006 for Penobscot County. Scoping activities included assembling existing data and map needs information for communities in Penobscot County, documentation of data, contacts, community meetings, and prioritized mapping needs in a final scoping report (this document), and updating the Mapping Needs Update Support System (MNUSS) Database with information gathered during the scoping process.\r\n\r\nAs of 2007, the average age of the FEMA floodplain maps in Penobscot County, Maine, is 22 years, based on the most recent revisions to the maps. Because the revisions did not affect all the map panels in each town, however, the true average date probably is more than 22 years. Many of the studies were published in the mid-1980s. Since the studies were completed, development has occurred in many of the watersheds, and the characteristics of the watersheds have changed with time. Therefore, many of the older studies may not depict current conditions nor accurately estimate risk in terms of flood heights or flood mapping.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071129","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Region I and the Maine Floodplain Management Program, State Planning Office","usgsCitation":"Schalk, C.W., and Dudley, R.W., 2007, Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Penobscot County, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1129, 235 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071129.","productDescription":"235 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9665,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1129/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e54d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schalk, Charles W. cwschalk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schalk","given":"Charles","email":"cwschalk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79937,"text":"ofr20071145 - 2007 - Rotational Seismology Workshop of February 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:21","indexId":"ofr20071145","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1145","title":"Rotational Seismology Workshop of February 2006","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nA successful workshop titled 'Measuring the Rotation Effects of Strong Ground Motion' was held simultaneously in Menlo Park and Pasadena via video conference on 16 February 2006. The purpose of the Workshop and this Report are to summarize existing data and theory and to explore future challenges for rotational seismology, including free-field strong motion, structural strong motion, and teleseismic motions. We also forged a consensus on the plan of work to be pursued by this international group in the near term.\r\n\r\nAt this first workshop were 16 participants in Menlo Park, 13 in Pasadena, and a few on the telephone. It was organized by William H. K. Lee and John R. Evans and chaired by William U. Savage in Menlo Park and by Kenneth W. Hudnut in Pasadena. Its agenda is given in the Appendix.\r\n\r\nThis workshop and efforts in Europe led to the creation of the International Working Group on Rotational Seismology (IWGoRS), an international volunteer group providing forums for exchange of ideas and data as well as hosting a series of Workshops and Special Sessions.\r\n\r\nIWGoRS created a Web site, backed by an FTP site, for distribution of materials related to rotational seismology. At present, the FTP site contains the 2006 Workshop agenda (also given in the Appendix below) and its PowerPoint presentations, as well as many papers (reasonable-only basis with permission of their authors), a comprehensive citations list, and related information. Eventually, the Web site will become the sole authoritative source for IWGoRS and shared information:\r\nhttp://www.rotational-seismology.org\r\nftp://ehzftp.wr.usgs.gov/jrevans/IWGoRS_FTPsite/\r\n\r\nWith contributions from various authors during and after the 2006 Workshop, this Report proceeds from the theoretical bases for making rotational measurements (Graizer, Safak, Trifunac) through the available observations (Huang, Lee, Liu, Nigbor), proposed suites of measurements (Hudnut), a discussion of broadband teleseismic rotational seismology (Cochard, Igel, Schreiber, Teisseyre, Wassermann, Majewski), sensor-calibration issues (Evans, Hutt), and finally the summary and conclusions (Savage).\r\n\r\nAs a direct result of the 2006 Workshop and the formation of IWGoRS, we held a special session at the Fall 2006 AGU meeting (convened by H. Igel, W.H.K. Lee, and M.I. Todorovska). Currently, the first formal Workshop of the IWGoRS is being organized by W.H.K. Lee, M. Celebi, and M. I. Todorovska with sponsorship by the USGS and assistance from many others; this First International Workshop on Rotational Seismology and Engineering Applications will be held in September 2007 at Menlo Park, California (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1144/).\r\n\r\nThe following summarizes presentations and discussions during and shortly after the informal Workshop of February 2006.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071145","usgsCitation":"Evans, J.R., Cochard, A., Graizer, V., Huang, B., Hudnut, K.W., Hutt, C.R., Igel, H., Lee, W.H., Liu, C., Majewski, E., Nigbor, R., Safak, E., Savage, W.U., Schreiber, U., Teisseyre, R., Trifunac, M., Wassermann, J., and Wu, C., 2007, Rotational Seismology Workshop of February 2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1145, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071145.","productDescription":"20 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":236,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9658,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1145/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b165a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, John R. jrevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"John","email":"jrevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochard, A.","contributorId":91195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochard","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graizer, Vladimir","contributorId":69670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graizer","given":"Vladimir","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huang, Bor-Shouh","contributorId":71651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Bor-Shouh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hudnut, Kenneth W. 0000-0002-3168-4797 hudnut@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-4797","contributorId":2550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"Kenneth","email":"hudnut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hutt, Charles R. 0000-0001-9033-9195 bhutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9195","contributorId":1622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"Charles","email":"bhutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Igel, H.","contributorId":66798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igel","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lee, William H.K.","contributorId":76836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Liu, Chun-Chi","contributorId":75240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Chun-Chi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Majewski, Eugeniusz","contributorId":108208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majewski","given":"Eugeniusz","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Nigbor, Robert","contributorId":36244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nigbor","given":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":12763,"text":"University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":291224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Safak, Erdal","contributorId":73984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safak","given":"Erdal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Savage, William U. wusavage@usgs.gov","contributorId":2448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"William","email":"wusavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Schreiber, U.","contributorId":25655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiber","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Teisseyre, Roman","contributorId":6959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teisseyre","given":"Roman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Trifunac, Mihailo","contributorId":79976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trifunac","given":"Mihailo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Wassermann, J.","contributorId":31486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wassermann","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Wu, Chien-Fu","contributorId":62302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Chien-Fu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":79938,"text":"fs20053131 - 2007 - U.S. Geological Survey Streamgaging...from the National Streamflow Information Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:08","indexId":"fs20053131","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3131","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Streamgaging...from the National Streamflow Information Program","docAbstract":"This Fact Sheet is one in a series that highlights information or recent research findings from the USGS National Streamflow Information Program (NSIP). The investigations and scientific results reported in this series require a nationally consistent streamgaging network with stable long-term monitoring sites and a rigorous program of data, quality assurance, management, archiving, and synthesis. NSIP produces multipurpose, unbiased surface-water information that is readily accessible to all.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20053131","usgsCitation":"Olson, S.A., and Norris, J.M., 2007, U.S. Geological Survey Streamgaging...from the National Streamflow Information Program: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3131, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053131.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":444,"text":"National Streamflow Information Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3131.jpg"},{"id":9659,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3131/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db612ced","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Scott A. 0000-0002-1064-2125 solson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-2125","contributorId":2059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Scott","email":"solson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norris, J. Michael 0000-0002-7480-0161 mnorris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7480-0161","contributorId":1625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"J.","email":"mnorris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79940,"text":"sir20065266 - 2007 - Hydrogeology of the Piney Point-Nanjemoy, Aquia, and Upper Patapsco aquifers, Naval Air Station Patuxent River and Webster Outlying Field, St. Marys County, Maryland, 2000–06","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-09T20:38:08.937986","indexId":"sir20065266","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5266","displayTitle":"Hydrogeology of the Piney Point-Nanjemoy, Aquia, and Upper Patapsco Aquifers, Naval Air Station Patuxent River and Webster Outlying Field, St. Marys County, Maryland, 2000–06","title":"Hydrogeology of the Piney Point-Nanjemoy, Aquia, and Upper Patapsco aquifers, Naval Air Station Patuxent River and Webster Outlying Field, St. Marys County, Maryland, 2000–06","docAbstract":"Recent and projected population growth in southern Maryland continues to bring ground-water-quality and quantity issues to the forefront. Lithologic, borehole geophysical, water-level, and water-use data were compiled and interpreted to revise understanding of the hydrogeologic framework of the Piney Point-Nanjemoy, Aquia, and Upper Patapsco aquifers in southern Maryland, with emphasis on the Naval Air Station Patuxent River and Webster Outlying Field. Understanding of the hydrogeologic framework for the Upper Patapsco aquifer also has been revised based on the results of aquifer testing and water-quality sampling of two wells.
The Piney Point-Nanjemoy aquifer is 50 to 70 feet thick, with a top altitude of 213 to 260 feet below the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 and a hydraulic conductivity of 2 feet per day at Naval Air Station Patuxent River and Webster Outlying Field. Ground-water withdrawals from the Piney Point-Nanjemoy aquifer have been minimal since 1999 and water levels in the aquifer have not changed substantially since the 1950s. An overall decline of about 2.5 feet has been observed since 1997, however.
The Aquia aquifer is 100 to 145 feet thick, with a top altitude of approximately 450 feet below the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 and a hydraulic conductivity of 6 to 10 feet per day at Naval Air Station Patuxent River. The Aquia aquifer is approximately 50 feet thick, with a top altitude of 470 feet below sea level and a hydraulic conductivity of 6 to 10 feet per day at Webster Outlying Field. Water levels in the Aquia aquifer declined in response to increased withdrawals from the aquifer from the early 1940s through about 2000 at Naval Air Station Patuxent River and Webster Outlying Field, but have been generally stable from about 1999 through April 2006.
The Upper Patapsco aquifer at the Naval Air Station Patuxent River and Webster Outlying Field consists of layers of sand interbedded with layers of clay that total over 200 feet in thickness. The top of the aquifer near Naval Air Station Patuxent River and Webster Outlying Field ranges from approximately 620 to 680 feet below the North American Vertical Datum of 1988. The potentiometric surface of the Upper Patapsco aquifer near Naval Air Station Patuxent River and Webster Outlying Field has been declining at a rate of about 2 feet per year for the past several years. Aquifer testing indicates the transmissivity of the aquifer is about 2,100 to 3,900 feet squared per day. Water samples collected from the Upper Patapsco aquifer at Naval Air Station Patuxent River and Webster Outlying Field in 2000 and 2001 met all Federal drinking-water standards.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065266","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Naval Air Station Patuxent River","usgsCitation":"Klohe, C.A., and Kay, R.T., 2007, Hydrogeology of the Piney Point-Nanjemoy, Aquia, and Upper Patapsco aquifers, Naval Air Station Patuxent River and Webster Outlying Field, St. Marys County, Maryland, 2000–06: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5266, vi, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065266.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9661,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5266/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191379,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5266/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":362134,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5266/pdf/sir-2006-5266.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2006–5266"}],"contact":"Director, MD-DE-DC Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8987 Yellow Brick Road
Baltimore, MD 21237
Topobathymetric data (“topobathy”) are a merged rendering of both topography (land elevation) and bathymetry (water depth) to provide a single product useful for inundation mapping and a variety of other applications. These data were developed using one topographic and two bathymetric datasets collected at different dates. Topography was obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Elevation Dataset (NED). Bathymetry was provided by NOAA's GEOphysical DAta System (GEODAS). For several nearshore areas within the bay GEODAS data were replaced with high resolution bathymetry acquired by NASA's Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071051","usgsCitation":"Tyler, D.J., Zawada, D., Nayegandi, A., Brock, J., Crane, M., Yates, K.K., and Smith, K.E., 2007, Topobathymetric data for Tampa Bay, Florida (Originally posted May 2007; Revised August 2, 2012): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1051, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071051.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190811,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071051.gif"},{"id":295068,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1051/pdf/OF07-1051_508.pdf"},{"id":9650,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1051/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Tampa Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.86749999999999,27.5 ], [ -82.86749999999999,28.034166666666668 ], [ -82.36749999999999,28.034166666666668 ], [ -82.36749999999999,27.5 ], [ -82.86749999999999,27.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Originally posted May 2007; Revised August 2, 2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9c75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tyler, Dean J. 0000-0002-1542-7539 dtyler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1542-7539","contributorId":4268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyler","given":"Dean","email":"dtyler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":291196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zawada, David G. 0000-0003-4547-4878 dzawada@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4547-4878","contributorId":1898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zawada","given":"David G.","email":"dzawada@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nayegandi, A.","contributorId":44626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandi","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crane, M.P.","contributorId":78019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crane","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yates, Kimberly K. 0000-0001-8764-0358 kyates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8764-0358","contributorId":420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"Kimberly","email":"kyates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, Kathryn E. L. kelsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":3242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kathryn","email":"kelsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":79930,"text":"ofr20071132 - 2007 - Mercury at the Oat Hill Extension Mine and James Creek, Napa County, California: Tailings, sediment, water, and biota, 2003-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-14T14:57:24.410989","indexId":"ofr20071132","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1132","title":"Mercury at the Oat Hill Extension Mine and James Creek, Napa County, California: Tailings, sediment, water, and biota, 2003-2004","docAbstract":"The Oat Hill Extension (OHE) Mine is one of several mercury mines located in the James Creek/Pope Creek watershed that produced mercury from the 1870's until 1944 (U.S. Bureau of Mines, 1965). The OHE Mine developed veins and mineralized fault zones hosted in sandstone that extended eastward from the Oat Hill Mine. Waste material from the Oat Hill Mine was reprocessed at the OHE Mine using gravity separation methods to obtain cinnabar concentrates that were processed in a retort. The U.S. Bureau of Land Management requested that the U.S. Geological Survey measure and characterize mercury and other chemical constituents that are potentially relevant to ecological impairment of biota in tailings, sediment, and water at the OHE Mine and in the tributaries of James Creek that drain the mine area (termed Drainage A and B) (Figs. 1 and 2). This report summarizes such data obtained from sampling of tailings and sediments at the OHE on October 17, 2003; water, sediment, and biota from James Creek on May 20, 2004; and biota on October 29, 2004. These data are interpreted to provide a preliminary assessment of the potential ecological impact of the mine on the James Creek watershed.
The mine tailings are unusual in that they have not been roasted and contain relatively high concentrations of mercury (400 to 1200 ppm) compared to unroasted waste rock at other mines. These tailings have contaminated a tributary to James Creek with mercury primarily by erosion, on the basis of higher concentration of mercury (780 ng/L) measured in unfiltered (total mercury, HgT) spring water flowing from the OHE to James Creek compared to 5 to 14 ng/L HgT measured in James Creek itself. Tailing piles (presumably from past Oat Hill mine dumping) near the USBLM property boundary and upstream of the main OHE mine drainage channel (Drainage A; Fig. 2) also likely emit mercury, on the basis of their mercury composition (930 to 1200 ppm). The OHE spring water is likely an appreciable source of sulfate and carbonate to James Creek, because the spring water was enriched in sulfate (130 mg/L) and carbonate (430 mg/L as CaCO3) compared to James Creek water (70 to 100 mg/L SO42- and 110 to 170 mg/L as CaCO3) at the time of sampling. Concentrations of mercury in active channel sediment from James Creek are variable and potentially high, on the basis of chemical analysis (2.5 to 17 _g/g-wet sediment) and easily visible cinnabar grains in panned concentrates.
Average (geometric mean) organic mercury (presumably monomethyl mercury (MMHg); §2.3.3) concentrations in several invertebrate taxa collected from the James Creek watershed locations were higher than invertebrates taken from a Northern California location lacking a known point source of mercury. The mean proportion of MMHg to total mercury in James Creek predatory insect samples was 40 percent (1 standard deviation = 30 percent); only 40 percent of all insect samples had a MMHg/HgT proportion greater than 0.5. The low proportions of MMHg measured in invertebrates in James Creek and the presence of cinnabar in the creek suggest that some invertebrates may have anomolously high Hg concentrations as a result of the injestion or adhesion of extremely fine-grained cinnabar particles.
Interpretation of HgT in frogs and fish as an indicator of mercury reactivity, biouptake, or trophic transfer is limited, pending MMHg measuremens, by the possibility of these whole-body samples having contained cinnabar particles at the time of analysis. To minimize this limitation, the gastrointestinal tracts and external surfaces of all amphibians, where cinnabar most likely resides, were carefully flushed to remove any visible particles. However, extremely fine-grained, invisible, adhesive cinnabar particles likely exist in the amphibians' habitats.
HgT in foothill yellow-legged frogs collected from the James Creek study area, ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 μg/g Hg, was on average twice that of an extensive database compiled from HgT in frogs studied throughout Northern California. Average concentrations of HgT in frogs from James Creek were similar upstream (0.18 μg/g) and downstream (0.15 μg/g) of the confluence with Tributary 1 and at the lower Corona Mine adit drainage (0.14 μg/g). Frogs may be susceptible to trophic transfer of MMHg from invertebrates, but further study is required to rule out cinnabar ‘contamination.’
HgT concentrations in rainbow trout collected from James Creek upstream and downstream of Tributary 1 averaged 0.10 μg/g and 0.13 μg/g, respectively. Compared to invertebrates, trout HgT was less variable, suggesting that trout were less contaminated with cinnabar. California roach had significantly higher HgT on average than trout (0.16 vs. 0.12 μg/g), and can be considered moderately contaminated compared to the same species from other sites in Northern California, which average 0.12 μg/g Hg.
While limited measurements of mercury in water, sediment, and fish exceed, in some samples, predefined ecologically protective criteria for mine-impacted California systems, they do not clearly demonstrate that the biota residing in James Creek in the vicinity of the OHE are ecologically impaired. The potential for ecological impairment is clearly evident from invertebrate methyl mercury results and may manifest in other biological ecosystem residents that have yet to be studied (e.g., piscivorous birds). Methyl mercury concentrations in flowing water and sediment from James Creek and the tributary that drains the OHE are relatively low, ranging from 0.04 to 0.08 ng/L, although these data should be cautiously interpreted (see §3.2).
While the results of this investigation suggest that the OHE contributes inorganic mercury to James Creek, they do not indicate the extent to which the OHE site is ecologically impairing biota relative to other sources of mercury. Improved sampling and analytical methods are recommended for future study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071132","usgsCitation":"Slowey, A.J., Rytuba, J.J., Hothem, R.L., and May, J., 2007, Mercury at the Oat Hill Extension Mine and James Creek, Napa County, California: Tailings, sediment, water, and biota, 2003-2004 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1132, vii, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071132.","productDescription":"vii, 53 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403751,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81242.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9649,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1132/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Napa County","otherGeospatial":"Oak Hill Extension Mine and James Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.5444,\n 38.6667\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 38.6667\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 38.6833\n ],\n [\n -122.5444,\n 38.6833\n ],\n [\n -122.5444,\n 38.6667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613fcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slowey, Aaron J.","contributorId":30706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slowey","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rytuba, James J. jrytuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":3043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"James","email":"jrytuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hothem, Roger L. roger_hothem@usgs.gov","contributorId":1721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"Roger","email":"roger_hothem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"May, Jason T. 0000-0002-5699-2112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":14791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Jason T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79932,"text":"sir20075042 - 2007 - Reconnaissance study of the hydrology of American Memorial Park, Island of Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-05T22:06:26.377107","indexId":"sir20075042","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5042","title":"Reconnaissance study of the hydrology of American Memorial Park, Island of Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands","docAbstract":"American Memorial Park, a unit of the National Park Service on the Island of Saipan, includes among its features a 27-acre estuarine system that has become a rarity within the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. The estuarine system's mosaic of marshy areas interspersed with emergent wetlands and mixed wet forests provides critical habitat for various migratory and resident waterfowl, including two Federally listed endangered species: the Marianas gallinule (Gallinula chloropus guami) and the nightingale reed warbler (Acrocephalus luscinia). With sensitivity to the park's ecologic assets and the uncertainty associated with locally rapid urbanization, a need to better understand the hydrology of American Memorial Park was recognized. To address that need, a reconnaissance study of the park was undertaken during August and September 2005. The goals of the study were (1) to describe the occurrence and salinity of surface and ground water within the park; (2) to develop a hydrologic model of the park area of the island, with emphasis on the 27-acre estuarine system; and (3) to identify additional data needed to further develop this model. With regard to surface water, three freshwater inputs to the park's natural wetland are possible: direct rainfall, seaward-flowing ground water, and overland flow. Direct rainfall, which is an important source of freshwater to the wetland, commonly exceeds evapotranspiration both seasonally and per storm. The seaward flow of ground water is likely to be a source of freshwater to the wetland because ground water generally has an upward vertical component in the nearshore environment. Overland flow upgradient of the park could potentially contribute a significant input of freshwater during periods of intense rainfall, but roads that flank the park's perimeter act as a barrier to surficial inflows. During the reconnaissance, four discrete bodies, or zones, of surface water were observed within the park's natural wetland. Conductivity within these surface-water zones typically ranged from 1,540 to 4,370 microsiemens per centimeter(µS/cm) at 25°C although values as low as 829 and as high as 8,750 µS/cm were measured. As a result of these observations, the American Memorial Park wetland area meets the definition criteria of an estuarine system that is dominantly oligohaline. Conductivity was also measured in a constructed wetland that was built within the park to augment the storm-drainage infrastructure of the village of Garapan. Reverse-osmosis facilities, in operation at hotels adjacent to the park, have historically discharged highly saline wastewater into the storm-drainage system. This collective storm and wastewater flow is routed into the constructed wetland and from there into the ocean. The conductivity of water in the constructed wetland ranged from 45,000 to 62,500 µS/cm, exceeding nominal seawater values by as much as 25 percent, with the highest conductivities recorded near discharging storm drains. With regard to ground water, the reconnaissance included installation of a ground-water-monitoring network. Data collected from this network identified the presence of freshwater underlying the park and indicated that surface water is directly connected to ground water in the natural wetland because the water levels of both surface water and ground water directly varied with the tide. Conductivities of ground-water samples from wells in the monitoring network indicated that ground-water salinity was geographically related: conductivities were lower (801-2,490 (µS/cm) in surficially dry areas, intermediate (6,090-9,180 (µS/cm) in natural-wetland areas, and higher (18,250-27,700 (µS/cm) in areas adjacent to the constructed wetland and its associated ocean-discharge channel. Synoptic water-level surveys were made to enhance understanding of the spatial expression of the water table; they were scheduled to overlap with peak and trough tidal signals to enable limited characteri
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075042","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Perreault, J.A., 2007, Reconnaissance study of the hydrology of American Memorial Park, Island of Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5042, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075042.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194841,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9651,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5042/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 145.6,15.1 ], [ 145.6,15.3 ], [ 145.8,15.3 ], [ 145.8,15.1 ], [ 145.6,15.1 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db644420","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perreault, Jeff A.","contributorId":333052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perreault","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":894132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79933,"text":"sir20055257 - 2007 - Factors Affecting Spatial and Temporal Variability in Nutrient and Pesticide Concentrations in the Surficial Aquifer on the Delmarva Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T12:59:56.602842","indexId":"sir20055257","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5257","title":"Factors Affecting Spatial and Temporal Variability in Nutrient and Pesticide Concentrations in the Surficial Aquifer on the Delmarva Peninsula","docAbstract":"Water quality in the unconfined, unconsolidated surficial aquifer on the Delmarva Peninsula is influenced by the availability of soluble ions from natural and human sources, and by geochemical factors that affect the mobility and fate of these ions within the aquifer. Ground-water samples were collected from 60 wells completed in the surficial aquifer of the peninsula in 2001 and analyzed for major ions, nutrients, and selected pesticides and degradation products. Analytical results were compared to similar data from a subset of sampled wells in 1988, as well as to land use, soils, geology, depth, and other potential explanatory variables to demonstrate the effects of natural and human factors on water quality in the unconfined surficial aquifer. This study was conducted as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, which is designed (in part) to describe the status and trends in ground-water quality and to provide an understanding of natural and human factors that affect ground-water chemistry in different parts of the United States. Results of this study may be useful for water-resources managers tasked with addressing water-quality issues of local and regional importance because the surficial aquifer on the Delmarva Peninsula is a major source of water for domestic and public supply and provides the majority of flow in local streams.\r\n\r\nHuman impacts are apparent in ground-water quality throughout the surficial aquifer. The surficial aquifer on the Delmarva Peninsula is generally sandy and very permeable with well-oxygenated ground water. Dissolved constituents found throughout various depths of the unconfined aquifer are likely derived from the predominantly agricultural practices on the peninsula, although effects of road salt, mineral dissolution, and other natural and human influences are also apparent in some areas. Nitrate occurred at concentrations exceeding natural levels in many areas, and commonly exceeded 10 milligrams per liter (as nitrogen). In addition to land use in the aquifer recharge area, concentrations of nitrate in ground water are related to regional patterns in soil drainage that affect underlying aquifer redox conditions. Over the peninsula, nitrate concentrations are not related to recharge date of the water, but are positively correlated with depth in shallow wells screened beneath agricultural areas. Nitrate concentrations increased in oxic areas (dissolved oxygen greater than 1 milligram per liter) of the deeper part of the surficial aquifer used for domestic supply by an average of about 2 milligrams per liter between 1988 and 2001, although no changes were apparent in shallower parts of the aquifer over that same period. Water in the surficial aquifer generally flows from land-surface recharge to surface-water discharge areas in less than 30 years. As a result, the entire flow system in the surficial aquifer has likely been affected by human activities on and near the land surface over the past several decades.\r\n\r\nPesticide compounds occurred widely at low levels throughout the surficial aquifer. The most commonly used herbicides (metolachlor, alachlor, and atrazine) were the most commonly detected. These pesticides primarily occurred in ground water in the form of degradation products. The widespread occurrence of these and other pesticide compounds reflects their abundant use as well as chemical properties and aquifer characteristics that allow their movement into ground water. Mixtures of pesticides are common. Most samples contained at least 3 different compounds; several samples contained as many as 11. Pesticide concentrations in the surficial aquifer are relatively high beneath recharge areas with well-drained soils in the shallow part of the aquifer and in oxic environments throughout the surficial aquifer. Concentrations are generally below existing drinking-water standards, although standards are not available for all of the pesticide compound","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055257","usgsCitation":"Debrewer, L.M., Ator, S.W., and Denver, J., 2007, Factors Affecting Spatial and Temporal Variability in Nutrient and Pesticide Concentrations in the Surficial Aquifer on the Delmarva Peninsula: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5257, viii, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055257.","productDescription":"viii, 45 p.","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9653,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5257/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194980,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688b98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Debrewer, Linda M. 0000-0002-0511-4010 lmdebrew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0511-4010","contributorId":5713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Debrewer","given":"Linda","email":"lmdebrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ator, Scott W. 0000-0002-9186-4837 swator@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"Scott","email":"swator@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":291202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denver, Judith M. jmdenver@usgs.gov","contributorId":780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denver","given":"Judith M.","email":"jmdenver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":291201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79908,"text":"ds204 - 2007 - Geochemical data for stream-sediment, surface-water, rock, and vegetation samples from Red Mountain (Dry Creek), an unmined volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit in the Bonnifield District, Alaska Range, east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T19:30:54.982447","indexId":"ds204","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"204","title":"Geochemical data for stream-sediment, surface-water, rock, and vegetation samples from Red Mountain (Dry Creek), an unmined volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit in the Bonnifield District, Alaska Range, east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"North-central and northeast Nevada contains numerous large plutons and smaller stocks but also contains many small, shallowly emplaced intrusive bodies, including dikes, sills, and intrusive lava dome complexes. Decades of geologic investigations in the study area demonstrate that many ore deposits, representing diverse ore deposit types, are spatially, and probably temporally and genetically, associated with these igneous intrusions. However, despite the number and importance of igneous instrusions in the study area, no synthesis of geochemical data available for these rocks has been completed. This report presents a synthesis of composition and age data for these rocks. The product represents the first phases of an effort to evaluate the time-space-compositional evolution of Mesozoic and Cenozoic magmatism in the study area and identify genetic associations between magmatism and mineralizing processes in this region.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds204","usgsCitation":"Giles, S.A., Eppinger, R.G., Granitto, M., Zelenak, P.P., Adams, M., Anthony, M.W., Briggs, P.H., Gough, L.P., Hageman, P.L., Hammarstrom, J.M., Horton, J.D., Sutley, S.J., Theodorakos, P.M., and Wolf, R.E., 2007, Geochemical data for stream-sediment, surface-water, rock, and vegetation samples from Red Mountain (Dry Creek), an unmined volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit in the Bonnifield District, Alaska Range, east-central Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 204, Report: iv, 64 p.; Downloads Directory; GIS Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds204.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 64 p.; Downloads Directory; GIS Directory","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9888,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/204/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":401801,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81507.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bonnifield District, Red Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147.433,\n 63.9492\n ],\n [\n -147.3167,\n 63.9492\n ],\n [\n -147.3167,\n 63.9056\n ],\n [\n -147.433,\n 63.9056\n ],\n [\n -147.433,\n 63.9492\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae9d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eppinger, Robert G. eppinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"Robert","email":"eppinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Granitto, Matthew 0000-0003-3445-4863 granitto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-4863","contributorId":1224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granitto","given":"Matthew","email":"granitto@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zelenak, Philip P.","contributorId":62297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelenak","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, Monique G.","contributorId":76338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Monique G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anthony, Michael W. manthony@usgs.gov","contributorId":1232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Michael","email":"manthony@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Briggs, Paul H.","contributorId":30973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gough, Larry P. lgough@usgs.gov","contributorId":1230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"Larry","email":"lgough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hageman, Philip L. 0000-0002-3440-2150 phageman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3440-2150","contributorId":811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hageman","given":"Philip","email":"phageman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hammarstrom, Jane M. 0000-0003-2742-3460 jhammars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-3460","contributorId":1226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"Jane","email":"jhammars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Horton, John D. 0000-0003-2969-9073 jhorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-9073","contributorId":1227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"John","email":"jhorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sutley, Stephan J.","contributorId":78417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"Stephan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Theodorakos, Peter M. ptheodor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodorakos","given":"Peter","email":"ptheodor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Wolf, Ruth E. rwolf@usgs.gov","contributorId":903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Ruth","email":"rwolf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":79925,"text":"ofr20071095 - 2007 - Mineralogy from Cores in Prospect Gulch, San Juan County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:08","indexId":"ofr20071095","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1095","title":"Mineralogy from Cores in Prospect Gulch, San Juan County, Colorado","docAbstract":"In the late nineteenth century, San Juan County, Colorado, was the center of a metal mining boom in the San Juan Mountains. Although most mining activity ceased by the 1990s, the effects of historical mining continue to contribute metals to ground water and surface water. Previous research by the U.S. Geological Survey identified ground-water discharge as a significant pathway for the loading of metals to surface water from both acid-mine drainage and acid-rock drainage. In an effort to understand the ground-water flow system in the upper Animas River watershed, Prospect Gulch was selected for further study because of the amount of previous data provided in and around that particular watershed. In support of this ground-water research effort, data was collected from drill core, which included: (1) detailed descriptions of the subsurface geology and hydrothermal alteration patterns, (2) depth of sulfide oxidation, and (3) quantitative mineralogy.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071095","usgsCitation":"Bove, D.J., Johnson, R.H., and Yager, D.B., 2007, Mineralogy from Cores in Prospect Gulch, San Juan County, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1095, iv, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071095.","productDescription":"iv, 82 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9646,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1095/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48ece4b07f02db556313","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bove, Dana J. dbove@usgs.gov","contributorId":4855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bove","given":"Dana","email":"dbove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yager, Douglas B. 0000-0001-5074-4022 dyager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4022","contributorId":798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Douglas","email":"dyager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79924,"text":"sir20065191 - 2007 - Use of borehole-radar methods to monitor a steam-enhanced remediation pilot study at a quarry at the former Loring Air Force Base, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-27T19:50:56.303108","indexId":"sir20065191","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5191","displayTitle":"Use of Borehole-Radar Methods to Monitor a Steam-Enhanced Remediation Pilot Study at a Quarry at the Former Loring Air Force Base, Maine","title":"Use of borehole-radar methods to monitor a steam-enhanced remediation pilot study at a quarry at the former Loring Air Force Base, Maine","docAbstract":"Single-hole radar reflection and crosshole radar tomography surveys were used in conjunction with conventional borehole-geophysical methods to evaluate the effectiveness of borehole-radar methods for monitoring the movement of steam and heat through fractured bedrock. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), conducted surveys in an abandoned limestone quarry at the former Loring Air Force Base during a field-scale, steam-enhanced remediation (SER) pilot project conducted by the USEPA, the U.S. Air Force, and the Maine Department of Environmental Protection to study the viability of SER to remediate non-aqueous phase liquid contamination in fractured bedrock.\r\n\r\nNumerical modeling and field experiments indicate that borehole-radar methods have the potential to monitor the presence of steam and to measure large temperature changes in the limestone matrix during SER operations. Based on modeling results, the replacement of water by steam in fractures should produce a decrease in radar reflectivity (amplitude of the reflected wave) by a factor of 10 and a change in reflection polarity. In addition, heating the limestone matrix should increase the bulk electrical conductivity and decrease the bulk dielectric permittivity. These changes result in an increase in radar attenuation and an increase in radar-wave propagation velocity, respectively.\r\n\r\nSingle-hole radar reflection and crosshole radar tomography data were collected in two boreholes using 100-megahertz antennas before the start of steam injection, about 10 days after the steam injection began, and 2 months later, near the end of the injection. Fluid temperature logs show that the temperature of the fluid in the boreholes increased by 10?C (degrees Celsius) in one borehole and 40?C in the other; maximum temperatures were measured near the bottom of the boreholes.\r\n\r\nThe results of the numerical modeling were used to interpret the borehole-radar data. Analyses of the single-hole radar reflection data showed almost no indication that steam replaced water in fractures near the boreholes because (1) no change of polarity was observed in the radar reflections; (2) variations in the measured traveltimes were unsubstantial; and (3) most of the observed decreases in reflectivity were too small to have resulted from the replacement of water by steam. Analyses of the crosshole radar tomography data also support the conclusion that steam did not replace water in the fractures around the boreholes because traveltime-difference and attenuation-difference tomograms showed only small decreases in velocity and small increases in attenuation accompanying the steam injection.\r\n\r\nThe radar data are consistent with an increase in the conductivity of the limestone as a result of heating of the limestone matrix near the boreholes. Single-hole radar reflection data collected near the end of the steam injection near the bottom of the borehole with the largest temperature increase showed substantial attenuation. Also, reflector analysis showed small decreases in the amplitudes of radar-wave reflections in data collected before injection and data collected near the end of the collection period. In the crosshole radar tomography data, decreases in velocity and small increases in attenuation also are consistent with temperature increases in the matrix.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065191","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation","usgsCitation":"Gregoire, C., Joesten, P.K., and Lane, J.W., 2007, Use of borehole-radar methods to monitor a steam-enhanced remediation pilot study at a quarry at the former Loring Air Force Base, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5191, ix, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065191.","productDescription":"ix, 35 p.","costCenters":[{"id":141,"text":"Branch of Geophysics","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408822,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81237.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9645,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5191/SIR2006-5191.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":190762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"former Loring Air Force Base","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.9064,\n 46.9556\n ],\n [\n -67.9064,\n 46.9550\n ],\n [\n -67.9056,\n 46.9550\n ],\n [\n -67.9056,\n 46.9556\n ],\n [\n -67.9064,\n 46.9556\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605407","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gregoire, Colette","contributorId":24864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregoire","given":"Colette","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joesten, Peter K. pjoesten@usgs.gov","contributorId":1929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"Peter","email":"pjoesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. jwlane@usgs.gov","contributorId":1738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":291179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79923,"text":"sir20075010 - 2007 - Application of FTLOADDS to Simulate Flow, Salinity, and Surface-Water Stage in the Southern Everglades, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:14","indexId":"sir20075010","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5010","title":"Application of FTLOADDS to Simulate Flow, Salinity, and Surface-Water Stage in the Southern Everglades, Florida","docAbstract":"The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan requires numerical modeling to achieve a sufficient understanding of coastal freshwater flows, nutrient sources, and the evaluation of management alternatives to restore the ecosystem of southern Florida. Numerical models include a regional water-management model to represent restoration changes to the hydrology of southern Florida and a hydrodynamic model to represent the southern and western offshore waters. The coastal interface between these two systems, however, has complex surface-water/ground-water and freshwater/saltwater interactions and requires a specialized modeling effort. The Flow and Transport in a Linked Overland/Aquifer Density Dependent System (FTLOADDS) code was developed to represent connected surface- and ground-water systems with variable-density flow.\r\n\r\nThe first use of FTLOADDS is the Southern Inland and Coastal Systems (SICS) application to the southeastern part of the Everglades/Florida Bay coastal region. The need to (1) expand the domain of the numerical modeling into most of Everglades National Park and the western coastal area, and (2) better represent the effect of water-delivery control structures, led to the application of the FTLOADDS code to the Tides and Inflows in the Mangroves of the Everglades (TIME) domain. This application allows the model to address a broader range of hydrologic issues and incorporate new code modifications. The surface-water hydrology is of primary interest to water managers, and is the main focus of this study. The coupling to ground water, however, was necessary to accurately represent leakage exchange between the surface water and ground water, which transfers substantial volumes of water and salt.\r\n\r\nInitial calibration and analysis of the TIME application produced simulated results that compare well statistically with field-measured values. A comparison of TIME simulation results to previous SICS results shows improved capabilities, particularly in the representation of coastal flows. This improvement most likely is due to a more stable numerical representation of the coastal creek outlets.\r\n\r\nSensitivity analyses were performed by varying frictional resistance, leakage, barriers to flow, and topography. Changing frictional resistance values in inland areas was shown to improve water-level representation locally, but to have a negligible effect on area-wide values. These changes have only local effects and are not physically based (as are the unchanged values), and thus have limited validity. Sensitivity tests indicate that the overall accuracy of the simulation is diminished if leakage between surface water and ground water is not simulated. The inclusion of a major road as a complete barrier to surface-water flow influenced the local distribution and timing of flow; however, the changes in total flow and individual creekflows were negligible. The model land-surface altitude was lowered by 0.1 meter to determine the sensitivity to topographic variation. This topographic sensitivity test produced mixed results in matching field data. Overall, the representation of stage did not improve definitively.\r\n\r\nA final calibration utilized the results of the sensitivity analysis to refine the TIME application. To accomplish this calibration, the friction coefficient was reduced at the northern boundary inflow and increased in the southwestern corner of the model, the evapotranspiration function was varied, additional data were used for the ground-water head boundary along the southeast, and the frictional resistance of the primary coastal creek outlet was increased. The calibration improved the match between measured and simulated total flows to Florida Bay and coastal salinities. Agreement also was improved at most of the water-level sites throughout the model domain.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075010","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with South Florida Water Management District as part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan","usgsCitation":"Wang, J.D., Swain, E.D., Wolfert, M.A., Langevin, C.D., James, D.E., and Telis, P.A., 2007, Application of FTLOADDS to Simulate Flow, Salinity, and Surface-Water Stage in the Southern Everglades, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5010, Main Report: viii, 88 p.; Appendices: p. 89-112, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075010.","productDescription":"Main Report: viii, 88 p.; Appendices: p. 89-112","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5010.jpg"},{"id":9644,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5010/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67aba9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, John D.","contributorId":75224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swain, Eric D. 0000-0001-7168-708X edswain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":1538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","email":"edswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfert, Melinda A.","contributorId":86033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfert","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"James, Dawn E.","contributorId":43447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Dawn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Telis, Pamela A. patelis@usgs.gov","contributorId":64741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Telis","given":"Pamela","email":"patelis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":79920,"text":"ds257 - 2007 - Data for a regional approach to the development of an effects-based nutrient criterion for wadable streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T15:31:57","indexId":"ds257","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"257","title":"Data for a regional approach to the development of an effects-based nutrient criterion for wadable streams","docAbstract":"States are required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to establish nutrient criteria (concentrations of nutrients above which water quality is deteriorated) as part of their water-quality regulations. A study of wadable streams in the Mid-Atlantic Region was undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Maryland Department of the Environment, with assistance from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, to help define current concentrations of nutrients in streams with the goal of associating different nutrient-concentration levels with their effects on water quality. During the summers of 2004 and 2005, diel concentrations of dissolved oxygen, nutrient concentrations, concentrations of chlorophyll a in attached algae, and algal-community structure were measured at 46 stream sites in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. Data from this work can be used by individual state agencies to define nutrient criteria.
Quality-control measures for the study included submitting blank samples, duplicate samples, and reference samples for analysis of nutrients, total organic carbon, chlorophyll a, and algal biomass. Duplicate and split samples were submitted for periphyton identifications. Three periphyton split samples were sent to an independent lab for a check on periphyton identifications.
Neither total organic carbon nor nutrients were detected in blank samples. Concentrations of nutrients and total organic carbon were similar for most duplicate sample pairs, with the exception of a duplicate pair from Western Run.
Concentrations of ammonia plus organic nitrogen for this duplicate pair differed by as much as 34 percent. Total organic carbon for the duplicate pair from Western Run differed by 102 percent.
The U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory performance on the only valid reference sample submitted was excellent; the relative percent difference values were no larger than 5 percent for any constituent analyzed. For periphyton identifications, duplicate samples had Jaccard Coefficient of Community values slightly greater than 0.5. This indicates the periphyton sampling protocol used provided a sample that was only moderately reproducible.
Jaccard Coefficients for three periphyton samples split between two independent labs were 0.2, 0.11, and 0.08. These very low values suggest a poor concurrence on species identifications performed by the two labs. As a result of these quality-control samples, the slides prepared for diatom identifications were sent to the Academy of Natural Sciences for re-identification. Caution is urged when interpreting periphyton-community information from this study.
This report and the raw data from the study are available online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds257
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds257","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Maryland Department of the Environment","usgsCitation":"Crawford, J.K., Loper, C.A., Beaman, J.R., Soehl, A.G., and Brown, W.S., 2007, Data for a regional approach to the development of an effects-based nutrient criterion for wadable streams: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 257, Report: vi, 235 p.; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds257.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 235 p.; Data Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9642,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2007/257/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78,38 ], [ -78,41.5 ], [ -75,41.5 ], [ -75,38 ], [ -78,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9e05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crawford, J. Kent","contributorId":54176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loper, Connie A.","contributorId":62243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loper","given":"Connie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beaman, Joseph R.","contributorId":79183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaman","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Soehl, Anna G.","contributorId":31065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soehl","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Will S.","contributorId":88828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Will","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":79906,"text":"ofr20071099 - 2007 - Database Dictionary for Ethiopian National Ground-Water DAtabase (ENGDA) Data Fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:15","indexId":"ofr20071099","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1099","title":"Database Dictionary for Ethiopian National Ground-Water DAtabase (ENGDA) Data Fields","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThis document describes the data fields that are used for both field forms and the Ethiopian National Ground-water Database (ENGDA) tables associated with information stored about production wells, springs, test holes, test wells, and water level or water-quality observation wells. Several different words are used in this database dictionary and in the ENGDA database to describe a narrow shaft constructed in the ground. The most general term is borehole, which is applicable to any type of hole. A well is a borehole specifically constructed to extract water from the ground; however, for this data dictionary and for the ENGDA database, the words well and borehole are used interchangeably. A production well is defined as any well used for water supply and includes hand-dug wells, small-diameter bored wells equipped with hand pumps, or large-diameter bored wells equipped with large-capacity motorized pumps. Test holes are borings made to collect information about the subsurface with continuous core or non-continuous core and/or where geophysical logs are collected. Test holes are not converted into wells. A test well is a well constructed for hydraulic testing of an aquifer in order to plan a larger ground-water production system. A water-level or water-quality observation well is a well that is used to collect information about an aquifer and not used for water supply. A spring is any naturally flowing, local, ground-water discharge site.\r\n\r\nThe database dictionary is designed to help define all fields on both field data collection forms (provided in attachment 2 of this report) and for the ENGDA software screen entry forms (described in Litke, 2007). The data entered into each screen entry field are stored in relational database tables within the computer database. The organization of the database dictionary is designed based on field data collection and the field forms, because this is what the majority of people will use. After each field, however, the ENGDA database field name and relational database table is designated; along with the ENGDA screen entry form(s) and the ENGDA field form (attachment 2).\r\n\r\nThe database dictionary is separated into sections. The first section, Basic Site Data Fields, describes the basic site information that is similar for all of the different types of sites. The remaining sections may be applicable for only one type of site; for example, the Well Drilling and Construction Data Fields and Lithologic Description Data Fields are applicable to boreholes and not to springs. Attachment 1 contains a table for conversion from English to metric units. Attachment 2 contains selected field forms used in conjunction with ENGDA.\r\n\r\nA separate document, 'Users Reference Manual for the Ethiopian National Ground-Water DAtabase (ENGDA),' by David W. Litke was developed as a users guide for the computer database and screen entry. This database dictionary serves as a reference for both the field forms and the computer database. Every effort has been made to have identical field names between the field forms and the screen entry forms in order to avoid confusion.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071099","collaboration":"Funded in part by the International Atomic Energy Agency","usgsCitation":"Kuniansky, E.L., Litke, D.W., and Tucci, P., 2007, Database Dictionary for Ethiopian National Ground-Water DAtabase (ENGDA) Data Fields: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1099, vi, 131 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071099.","productDescription":"vi, 131 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9629,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1099/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ec87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225 elkunian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"elkunian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Litke, David W.","contributorId":19145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litke","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucci, Patrick ptucci@usgs.gov","contributorId":926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucci","given":"Patrick","email":"ptucci@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79904,"text":"ofr20071114 - 2007 - Sulfur dioxide emission rates from Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, an update: 2002-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-10T11:39:16.344255","indexId":"ofr20071114","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1114","title":"Sulfur dioxide emission rates from Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, an update: 2002-2006","docAbstract":"Introduction Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rates from Kilauea Volcano were first measured by Stoiber and Malone (1975) and have been measured on a regular basis since 1979 (Greenland and others, 1985; Casadevall and others, 1987; Elias and others, 1998; Sutton and others, 2001, Elias and Sutton, 2002, Sutton and others, 2003). Compilations of SO2 emission-rate and wind-vector data from 1979 through 2001 are available on the web. (Elias and others, 1998 and 2002). This report updates the database through 2006, and documents the changes in data collection and processing that have occurred during the interval 2002-2006. During the period covered by this report, Kilauea continued to release SO2 gas predominantly from its summit caldera and east rift zone (ERZ) (Elias and others, 1998; Sutton and others, 2001, Elias and others, 2002, Sutton and others, 2003). These two distinct sources are always measured independently (fig.1). Sulphur Banks is a minor source of SO2 and does not contribute significantly to the total emissions for Kilauea (Stoiber and Malone, 1975). From 1979 until 2003, summit and east rift zone emission rates were derived using vehicle- and tripod- based Correlation Spectrometry (COSPEC) measurements. In late 2003, we began to augment traditional COSPEC measurements with data from one of the new generation of miniature spectrometer systems, the FLYSPEC (Horton and others, 2006; Elias and others, 2006, Williams-Jones and others, 2006).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071114","usgsCitation":"Elias, T., and Sutton, A.J., 2007, Sulfur dioxide emission rates from Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, an update: 2002-2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1114, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071114.","productDescription":"37 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9627,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1114/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":389009,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81208.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.30067443847656,\n 19.25605301966429\n ],\n [\n -155.0397491455078,\n 19.25605301966429\n ],\n [\n -155.0397491455078,\n 19.445226820142476\n ],\n [\n -155.30067443847656,\n 19.445226820142476\n ],\n [\n -155.30067443847656,\n 19.25605301966429\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699132","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elias, Tamar 0000-0002-9592-4518 telias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":3916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"Tamar","email":"telias@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutton, A. J. 0000-0003-1902-3977","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-3977","contributorId":28983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}