States are required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to establish nutrient criteria (concentrations of nutrients above which water quality is deteriorated) as part of their water-quality regulations. A study of wadable streams in the Mid-Atlantic Region was undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Maryland Department of the Environment, with assistance from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, to help define current concentrations of nutrients in streams with the goal of associating different nutrient-concentration levels with their effects on water quality. During the summers of 2004 and 2005, diel concentrations of dissolved oxygen, nutrient concentrations, concentrations of chlorophyll a in attached algae, and algal-community structure were measured at 46 stream sites in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. Data from this work can be used by individual state agencies to define nutrient criteria.
Quality-control measures for the study included submitting blank samples, duplicate samples, and reference samples for analysis of nutrients, total organic carbon, chlorophyll a, and algal biomass. Duplicate and split samples were submitted for periphyton identifications. Three periphyton split samples were sent to an independent lab for a check on periphyton identifications.
Neither total organic carbon nor nutrients were detected in blank samples. Concentrations of nutrients and total organic carbon were similar for most duplicate sample pairs, with the exception of a duplicate pair from Western Run.
Concentrations of ammonia plus organic nitrogen for this duplicate pair differed by as much as 34 percent. Total organic carbon for the duplicate pair from Western Run differed by 102 percent.
The U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory performance on the only valid reference sample submitted was excellent; the relative percent difference values were no larger than 5 percent for any constituent analyzed. For periphyton identifications, duplicate samples had Jaccard Coefficient of Community values slightly greater than 0.5. This indicates the periphyton sampling protocol used provided a sample that was only moderately reproducible.
Jaccard Coefficients for three periphyton samples split between two independent labs were 0.2, 0.11, and 0.08. These very low values suggest a poor concurrence on species identifications performed by the two labs. As a result of these quality-control samples, the slides prepared for diatom identifications were sent to the Academy of Natural Sciences for re-identification. Caution is urged when interpreting periphyton-community information from this study.
This report and the raw data from the study are available online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds257
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds257","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Maryland Department of the Environment","usgsCitation":"Crawford, J.K., Loper, C.A., Beaman, J.R., Soehl, A.G., and Brown, W.S., 2007, Data for a regional approach to the development of an effects-based nutrient criterion for wadable streams: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 257, Report: vi, 235 p.; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds257.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 235 p.; Data Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9642,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2007/257/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78,38 ], [ -78,41.5 ], [ -75,41.5 ], [ -75,38 ], [ -78,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9e05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crawford, J. Kent","contributorId":54176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loper, Connie A.","contributorId":62243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loper","given":"Connie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beaman, Joseph R.","contributorId":79183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaman","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Soehl, Anna G.","contributorId":31065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soehl","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Will S.","contributorId":88828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Will","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":79892,"text":"ofr20071039 - 2007 - Near-Surface Structure and Velocities of the Northeastern Santa Cruz Mountains and the Western Santa Clara Valley, California, From Seismic Imaging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:12","indexId":"ofr20071039","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1039","title":"Near-Surface Structure and Velocities of the Northeastern Santa Cruz Mountains and the Western Santa Clara Valley, California, From Seismic Imaging","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThe Santa Clara Valley (SCV) is located in the southern San Francisco Bay area of California and is bounded by the Santa Cruz Mountains to the southwest, the Diablo Ranges to the northeast, and the San Francisco Bay to the north (Fig. 1). The SCV, which includes the City of San Jose, numerous smaller cities, and much of the high-technology manufacturing and research area commonly referred to as the Silicon Valley, has a population in excess of 1.7 million people (2000 U. S. Census;http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/06085.html The SCV is situated between major active faults of the San Andreas Fault system, including the San Andreas Fault to the southwest and the Hayward and Calaveras faults to the northeast, and other faults inferred to lie beneath the alluvium of the SCV (CWDR, 1967; Bortugno et al., 1991). The importance of the SCV as a major industrial center, its large population, and its proximity to major earthquake faults are important considerations with respect to earthquake hazards and water-resource management. The fault-bounded alluvial aquifer system beneath the valley is the source of about one-third of the water supply for the metropolitan area (Hanson et al., 2004).\r\n\r\nTo better address the earthquake hazards of the SCV, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has undertaken a program to evaluate potential seismic sources, the effects of strong ground shaking, and stratigraphy associated with the regional aquifer system. As part of that program and to better understand water resources of the valley, the USGS and the Santa Clara Valley Water District (SCVWD) began joint studies to characterize the faults, stratigraphy, and structures beneath the SCV in the year 2000. Such features are important to both agencies because they directly influence the availability and management of groundwater resources in the valley, and they affect the severity and distribution of strong shaking from local and regional earthquakes sources that may affect reservoirs, pipelines, and flood-protection facilities maintained by SCVWD. As one component of these joint studies, the USGS acquired an approximately 10-km-long, high-resolution, combined seismic reflection/refraction transect from the Santa Cruz Mountains to the central SCV in December 2000 (Figs. 1 and 2a,b). The overall seismic investigation of the western Santa Clara Valley also included an ~18-km-long, lower-resolution (~50-m sensor) seismic imaging survey from the central Santa Cruz Mountains to the central part of the valley (Fig. 1). Collectively, we refer to these seismic investigations as the 2000 western Santa Clara Seismic Investigations (SCSI). Results of the high-resolution investigation, referred to as SCSI-HR, are presented in this report, and Catchings et al. (2006) present results of the low-resolution investigation (SCSI-LR) in a separate report. In this report, we present data acquisition parameters, unprocessed and processed seismic data, and interpretations of the SCSI-HR seismic transect.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071039","usgsCitation":"Catchings, R.D., Gandhok, G., Goldman, M.R., and Steedman, C., 2007, Near-Surface Structure and Velocities of the Northeastern Santa Cruz Mountains and the Western Santa Clara Valley, California, From Seismic Imaging (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1039, Report: 70 p.; 6 Figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071039.","productDescription":"Report: 70 p.; 6 Figures","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":236,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9615,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1039/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c9b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Catchings, R. D.","contributorId":98738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gandhok, G.","contributorId":47423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gandhok","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldman, M. R.","contributorId":106934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steedman, Clare","contributorId":103741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steedman","given":"Clare","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70243140,"text":"70243140 - 2007 - Stratigraphy, paleomagnetism, and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility of the Miocene Stanislaus Group, central Sierra Nevada and Sweetwater Mountains, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-02T11:09:51.731802","indexId":"70243140","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-02T06:05:36","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphy, paleomagnetism, and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility of the Miocene Stanislaus Group, central Sierra Nevada and Sweetwater Mountains, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"Paleomagnetism and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) reveal pyroclastic flow patterns, stratigraphic correlations, and tectonic rotations in the Miocene Stanislaus Group, an extensive volcanic sequence in the central Sierra Nevada, California, and in the Walker Lane of California and Nevada. The Stanislaus Group (Table Mountain Latite, Eureka Valley Tuff, and the Dardanelles Formation) is a useful stratigraphic marker for understanding the post–9-Ma major faulting of the easternmost Sierra Nevada, uplift of the mountain range, and transtensional tectonics within the central Walker Lane. The Table Mountain Latite has a distinctively shallow reversed-polarity direction (I = −26.1°, D = 163.1°, and α95 = 2.7°) at sampling sites in the foothills and western slope of the Sierra Nevada. In ascending order, the Eureka Valley Tuff comprises the Tollhouse Flat Member (I = −62.8°, D = 159.9°, α95 = 2.6°), By-Day Member (I = 52.4°, D = 8.6°, α95 = 7.2°), and Upper Member (I = 27.9°, D = 358.0°, α95 = 10.4°). The Dardanelles Formation has normal polarity. From the magnetization directions of the Eureka Valley Tuff in the central Walker Lane north of Mono Lake and in the Anchorite Hills, we infer clockwise, vertical-axis rotations of ∼10° to 26° to be a consequence of dextral shear. The AMS results from 19 sites generally show that the Eureka Valley Tuff flowed outward from its proposed source area, the Little Walker Caldera, although several indicators are transverse to radial flow. AMS-derived flow patterns are consistent with mapped channels in the Sierra Nevada and Walker Lane.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"V1 Media","usgsCitation":"Kurtz, R., 2007, Scan line correction : enabling broader use of Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data: Earth Imaging Journal, v. 4, no. 5, p. 32-36.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"36","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307620,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e034c2e4b0f42e3d040e42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kurtz, R.M.","contributorId":51958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurtz","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79861,"text":"ofr20071127 - 2007 - Preliminary Results of Subsurface Exploration and Monitoring at the Johnson Creek Landslide, Lincoln County, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:14","indexId":"ofr20071127","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1127","title":"Preliminary Results of Subsurface Exploration and Monitoring at the Johnson Creek Landslide, Lincoln County, Oregon","docAbstract":"The Johnson Creek landslide is a translational, primarily bedrock landslide located along the Oregon coast about 5 km north of Newport. The landslide has damaged U.S. Highway 101 many times since construction of the highway and at least two geological and geotechnical investigations of the landslide have been performed by Oregon State agencies. In cooperation with the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries and the Oregon Department of Transportation, the U.S. Geological Survey upgraded landslide monitoring systems and installed additional monitoring devices at the landslide beginning in 2004. Monitoring devices at the landslide measured landslide displacement, rainfall, air temperature, shallow soil-water content, and ground-water temperature and pressure. The devices were connected to automatic dataloggers and read at one-hour and, more recently, 15-minute intervals. Monitoring results were periodically downloaded from the dataloggers using cellular telemetry. The purposes of this report are to describe and present preliminary monitoring data from November 19, 2004, to March 31, 2007.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071127","usgsCitation":"Schulz, W.H., and Ellis, W., 2007, Preliminary Results of Subsurface Exploration and Monitoring at the Johnson Creek Landslide, Lincoln County, Oregon (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1127, Report (iv, 11 p.); Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071127.","productDescription":"Report (iv, 11 p.); Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-11-19","temporalEnd":"2007-03-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9581,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1127/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4a4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulz, William H.","contributorId":91927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, William L.","contributorId":89128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"William L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79850,"text":"ofr20071090 - 2007 - Selenium Concentrations in Middle Pennsylvanian Coal-Bearing Strata in the Central Appalachian Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:12","indexId":"ofr20071090","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1090","title":"Selenium Concentrations in Middle Pennsylvanian Coal-Bearing Strata in the Central Appalachian Basin","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThis report provides the results of a reconnaissance-level investigation of selenium (Se) concentrations in Middle Pennsylvanian coal-bearing strata in the central Appalachian basin. Bryant and others (2002) reported enrichments of Se concentrations in streams draining areas disturbed by surface mining relative to Se concentrations in streams that drain undisturbed areas; the study was conducted without the benefit of data on Se concentrations in coal-bearing strata prior to anthropogenic disturbance. Thus, the present study was conducted to provide data on Se concentrations in coal-bearing strata prior to land disturbance. The principal objectives of this work are: 1) determine the stratigraphic and regional distribution of Se concentrations in coal-bearing strata, 2) provide reconnaissance-level information on relations, if any, between Se concentrations and lithology (rock-type), and 3) develop a cursory evaluation of the leachability of Se from disturbed strata. The results reported herein are derived from analyses of samples obtained from three widely-spaced cores that were collected from undisturbed rock within a region that has been subjected to extensive land disturbance principally by either coal mining or, to a lesser extent, highway construction. The focus was on low-organic-content lithologies, not coal, within the coal-bearing interval, as these lithologies most commonly make up the fill materials after coal mining or in road construction.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071090","usgsCitation":"Neuzil, S.G., Dulong, F.T., Cecil, C.B., Fedorko, N., Renton, J.J., and Bhumbla, D., 2007, Selenium Concentrations in Middle Pennsylvanian Coal-Bearing Strata in the Central Appalachian Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1090, vi, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071090.","productDescription":"vi, 57 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9569,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1090/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47e3e4b07f02db4bb0bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuzil, Sandra G. 0000-0002-2097-9100 sneuzil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2097-9100","contributorId":572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"Sandra","email":"sneuzil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dulong, Frank T. 0000-0001-7388-647X fdulong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7388-647X","contributorId":650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dulong","given":"Frank","email":"fdulong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cecil, C. Blaine 0000-0002-9032-1689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-1689","contributorId":22797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fedorko, Nick","contributorId":29457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fedorko","given":"Nick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Renton, John J.","contributorId":24846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renton","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bhumbla, D.K.","contributorId":85667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhumbla","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":79848,"text":"sir20075050 - 2007 - Ground-Water Hydrology of the Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:19","indexId":"sir20075050","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5050","title":"Ground-Water Hydrology of the Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon and California","docAbstract":"The upper Klamath Basin spans the California-Oregon border from the flank of the Cascade Range eastward to the Basin and Range Province, and encompasses the Klamath River drainage basin above Iron Gate Dam. Most of the basin is semiarid, but the Cascade Range and uplands in the interior and eastern parts of the basin receive on average more than 30 inches of precipitation per year. The basin has several perennial streams with mean annual discharges of hundreds of cubic feet per second, and the Klamath River at Iron Gate Dam, which represents drainage from the entire upper basin, has a mean annual discharge of about 2,100 cubic feet per second. The basin once contained three large lakes: Upper and Lower Klamath Lakes and Tule Lake, each of which covered areas of 100 to 150 square miles, including extensive marginal wetlands. Lower Klamath Lake and Tule Lake have been mostly drained, and the former lake beds are now cultivated. Upper Klamath Lake remains, and is an important source of irrigation water. Much of the wetland surrounding Upper Klamath Lake has been diked and drained, although efforts are underway to restore large areas. Upper Klamath Lake and the remaining parts of Lower Klamath and Tule Lakes provide important wildlife habitat, and parts of each are included in the Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuges Complex.\r\n\r\nThe upper Klamath Basin has a substantial regional ground-water flow system. The late Tertiary to Quaternary volcanic rocks that underlie the region are generally permeable, with transmissivity estimates ranging from 1,000 to 100,000 feet squared per day, and compose a system of variously interconnected aquifers. Interbedded with the volcanic rocks are late Tertiary sedimentary rocks composed primarily of fine-grained lake sediments and basin-filling deposits. These sedimentary deposits have generally low permeability, are not good aquifers, and probably restrict ground-water movement in some areas. The regional ground-water system is underlain and bounded on the east and west by older Tertiary volcanic and sedimentary rocks that have generally low permeability. Eight regional-scale hydrogeologic units are defined in the upper Klamath Basin on the basis of surficial geology and subsurface data.\r\n\r\nGround water flows from recharge areas in the Cascade Range and upland areas in the basin interior and eastern margins toward stream valleys and interior subbasins. Ground water discharge to streams throughout the basin, and most streams have some component of ground water (baseflow). Some streams, however, are predominantly ground-water fed and have relatively constant flows throughout the year. Large amounts of ground water discharges in the Wood River subbasin, the lower Williamson River area, and along the margin of the Cascade Range. Much of the inflow to Upper Klamath Lake can be attributed to ground-water discharge to streams and major spring complexes within a dozen or so miles from the lake. This large component of ground water buffers the lake somewhat from climate cycles. There are also ground-water discharge areas in the eastern parts of the basin, for example in the upper Williamson and Sprague River subbasins and in the Lost River subbasin at Bonanza Springs.\r\n\r\nIrrigated agriculture is an integral part of the economy of the upper Klamath Basin. Although estimates vary somewhat, roughly 500,000 acres are irrigated in the upper Klamath Basin, about 190,000 acres of which are part of the Bureau of Reclamation Klamath Project. Most of this land is irrigated with surface water. Ground water has been used for many decades to irrigate areas where surface water is not available, for example outside of irrigation districts and stream valleys. Ground water has also been used as a supplemental source of water in areas where surface water supplies are limited and during droughts. Ground water use for irrigation has increased in recent years due to drought and shifts in surface-water allocation from irrigati","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075050","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oregon Water Resources Department","usgsCitation":"Gannett, M.W., Lite, K.E., La Marche, J., Fisher, B.J., and Polette, D.J., 2007, Ground-Water Hydrology of the Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon and California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5050, x, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075050.","productDescription":"x, 85 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9567,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5050/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d5e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gannett, Marshall W. 0000-0003-2498-2427 mgannett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2498-2427","contributorId":2942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannett","given":"Marshall","email":"mgannett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lite, Kenneth E. Jr.","contributorId":37373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lite","given":"Kenneth","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"La Marche, Jonathan L.","contributorId":107794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Marche","given":"Jonathan L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, Bruce J.","contributorId":40293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Polette, Danial J. dpolette@usgs.gov","contributorId":1100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polette","given":"Danial","email":"dpolette@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":79851,"text":"ofr20071027 - 2007 - Publications of the Western Earth Surfaces Processes Team 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:07","indexId":"ofr20071027","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1027","title":"Publications of the Western Earth Surfaces Processes Team 2005","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThe Western Earth Surface Processes Team (WESPT) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducts geologic mapping, earth-surface process investigations, and related topical earth science studies in the western United States. This work is focused on areas where modern geologic maps and associated earth-science data are needed to address key societal and environmental issues such as ground-water quality, landslides and other potential geologic hazards, and land-use decisions. Areas of primary emphasis in 2005 included southern California, the San Francisco Bay region, the Mojave Desert, the Colorado Plateau region of northern Arizona, and the Pacific Northwest. The team has its headquarters in Menlo Park, California, and maintains smaller field offices at several other locations in the western United States. The results of research conducted by the WESPT are released to the public as a variety of databases, maps, text reports, and abstracts, both through the internal publication system of the USGS and in diverse external publications such as scientific journals and books. This report lists publications of the WESPT released in 2005 as well as additional 2002, 2003, and 2004 publications that were not included in the previous lists (USGS Open-File Reports 03-363, 2004- 1267, 2005-1362). Most of the publications listed were authored or coauthored by WESPT staff. The list also includes some publications authored by non-USGS cooperators with the WESPT, as well as some authored by USGS staff outside the WESPT in cooperation with WESPT projects. Several of the publications listed are available on the World Wide Web; for these, URL addresses are provided. Many of these web publications are USGS Open-File reports that contain large digital databases of geologic map and related information. Information on ordering USGS publications can be found on the World Wide Web at http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod/, or by calling 1-888-ASK-USGS. The U.S. Geological Survey's web server for geologic information in the western United States is located at http://geology.wr.usgs.gov/. More information is available about the WESPT is available on-line at http://geology.wr.usgs.gov/wgmt.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071027","usgsCitation":"Powell, C., and Stone, P., 2007, Publications of the Western Earth Surfaces Processes Team 2005 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1027, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071027.","productDescription":"21 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9571,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1027/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d83d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, Charles II","contributorId":96362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Charles","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Paul 0000-0002-1439-0156 pastone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-0156","contributorId":273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Paul","email":"pastone@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79847,"text":"ofr20071032 - 2007 - Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer, West-Central Florida, May 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:13","indexId":"ofr20071032","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1032","title":"Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer, West-Central Florida, May 2006","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nHydrologic Conditions in West-Central Florida\r\n\r\n The Floridan aquifer system consists of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers separated by the middle confining unit. The middle confining unit and the Lower Floridan aquifer in west-central Florida generally contain highly mineralized water. The water-bearing units containing fresh water are herein referred to as the Upper Floridan aquifer. The Upper Floridan aquifer is the principal source of water in the Southwest Florida Water Management District and is used for major public supply, domestic use, irrigation, and brackish water desalination in coastal communities (Southwest Florida Water Management District, 2000).\r\n This map report shows the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer measured in May 2006. The potentiometric surface is an imaginary surface connecting points of equal altitude to which water will rise in tightly-cased wells that tap a confined aquifer system (Lohman, 1979). This map represents water-level conditions near the end of the dry season, when ground-water levels usually are at an annual low and withdrawals for agricultural use typically are high. The cumulative average rainfall of 50.23 inches for west-central Florida (from June 2005 through May 2006) was 2.82 inches below the historical cumulative average of 53.05 inches (Southwest Florida Water Management District, 2006). Historical cumulative averages are calculated from regional rainfall summary reports (1915 to most recent complete calendar year) and are updated monthly by the Southwest Florida Water Management District.\r\n This report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Southwest Florida Water Management District, is part of a semi-annual series of Upper Floridan aquifer potentiometric-surface map reports for west-central Florida. Potentiometric-surface maps have been prepared for January 1964, May 1969, May 1971, May 1973, May 1974, and for each May and September since 1975. Water-level data are collected in May and September each year to show the approximate annual low and high water-level conditions, respectively. Most of the water-level data for this map were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during the period May 15-19, 2006. Supplemental water-level data were collected by other agencies and companies. A corresponding potentiometric-surface map was prepared for areas east and north of the Southwest Florida Water Management District boundary by the U.S. Geological Survey office in Altamonte Springs, Florida (Kinnaman, 2006). Most water-level measurements were made during a 5-day period; therefore, measurements do not represent a 'snapshot' of conditions at a specific time, nor do they necessarily coincide with the seasonal low water-level condition.\r\n\r\nWater-Level Changes\r\n\r\n Water levels in about 95 percent of the wells measured in May 2006 were lower than the May 2005 water levels (Ortiz and Blanchard, 2006). May 2006 water levels in 403 wells ranged from about 26 feet below to about 6 feet above May 2005 water levels (fig. 1). Significant water level declines occurred in eastern Manatee County, southwestern Polk County, southeastern Hillsborough County, and in all of Hardee County. The largest water level declines occurred in southwestern Hardee County. The largest water level rises occurred in south-central Pasco County, northeastern Levy County, northwestern Marion County, and along the gulf coast from Pasco County to Citrus County (fig. 1).\r\n Water levels in about 96 percent of the wells measured in May 2006 were lower than the September 2005 water levels (Ortiz, 2006). May 2006 water levels in 397 wells ranged from about 31 feet below to 3 feet above the September 2005 water levels. The largest water level decline was in west-central Hardee County and the largest rise in water levels was in south-central Pasco County.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071032","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Southwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Ortiz, A., 2007, Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer, West-Central Florida, May 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1032, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071032.","productDescription":"1 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9566,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1032/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b171e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ortiz, A.G.","contributorId":53357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortiz","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79853,"text":"ofr20071117 - 2007 - WOVOdat design document: The schema, table descriptions, and create table statements for the database of worldwide volcanic unrest (WOVOdat Version 1.0)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T10:44:08","indexId":"ofr20071117","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1117","title":"WOVOdat design document: The schema, table descriptions, and create table statements for the database of worldwide volcanic unrest (WOVOdat Version 1.0)","docAbstract":"WOVOdat Overview\r\n\r\nDuring periods of volcanic unrest, the ability to forecast near future activity has been a primary concern for human populations living near volcanoes. Our ability to forecast future activity and mitigate hazards is based on knowledge of previous activity at the volcano exhibiting unrest and knowledge of previous activity at similar volcanoes. A small set of experts with past experience are often involved in forecasting. We need to both preserve the knowledge the experts use and continue to investigate volcanic data to make better forecasts. Advances in instrumentation, networking, and data storage technologies have greatly increased our ability to collect volcanic data and share observations with our colleagues. The wealth of data creates numerous opportunities for gaining a better understanding of magmatic conditions and processes, if the data can be easily accessed for comparison. To allow for comparison of volcanic unrest data, we are creating a central database called WOVOdat. WOVOdat will contain a subset of time-series and geo-referenced data from each WOVO observatory in common and easily accessible formats. \r\n\r\n\r\nWOVOdat is being created for volcano experts in charge of forecasting volcanic activity, scientists investigating volcanic processes, and the public. The types of queries each of these groups might ask range from, 'What volcanoes were active in November of 2002?' and 'What are the relationships between tectonic earthquakes and volcanic processes?' to complex analyses of volcanic unrest to determine what future activity might occur. \r\n\r\nA new structure for storing and accessing our data was needed to examine processes across a wide range of volcanologic conditions. WOVOdat provides this new structure using relationships to connect the data parameters such that searches can be created for analogs of unrest. The subset of data that will fill WOVOdat will continue to be collected by the observatories, who will remain the primary archives of raw and detailed data on individual episodes of unrest. MySQL, an Open Source database, was chosen as the WOVOdat database for its integration with common web languages. \r\n\r\nThe question of where the data will be stored and how the disparate data sets will be integrated will not be discussed in detail here. The focus of this document is to explain the data types, formats, and table organization chosen for WOVOdat 1.0. It was written for database administrators, data loaders, query writers, and anyone who monitors volcanoes. We begin with an overview of several challenges faced and solutions used in creating the WOVOdat schema. Specifics are then given for the parameters and table organization. After each table organization section, basic create table statements are included for viewing the database field formats. \r\n\r\nIn the next stage of the project, scripts will be needed for data conversion, entry, and cleansing. Views will also need to be created once the data have been loaded and the basic queries are better known. Many questions and opportunities remain. We look forward to the growth and continual improvement in efficiency of the system. We hope WOVOdat will improve our understanding of magmatic systems and help mitigate future volcanic hazards.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071117","usgsCitation":"Venezky, D.Y., and Newhall, C.G., 2007, WOVOdat design document: The schema, table descriptions, and create table statements for the database of worldwide volcanic unrest (WOVOdat Version 1.0) (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1117, vii, 177 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071117.","productDescription":"vii, 177 p.","numberOfPages":"184","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":616,"text":"Volcano Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9573,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1117/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a1e4b07f02db5be0c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Venezky, Dina Y.","contributorId":36232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Venezky","given":"Dina","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newhall, Christopher G.","contributorId":25557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79857,"text":"pp1656C - 2007 - Exchanges of Water between the Upper Floridan Aquifer and the Lower Suwannee and Lower Santa Fe Rivers, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:05","indexId":"pp1656C","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1656","chapter":"C","title":"Exchanges of Water between the Upper Floridan Aquifer and the Lower Suwannee and Lower Santa Fe Rivers, Florida","docAbstract":"Exchanges of water between the Upper Floridan aquifer and the Lower Suwannee River were evaluated using historic and current hydrologic data from the Lower Suwannee River Basin and adjacent areas that contribute ground-water flow to the lowest 76 miles of the Suwannee River and the lowest 28 miles of the Santa Fe River. These and other data were also used to develop a computer model that simulated the movement of water in the aquifer and river, and surface- and ground-water exchanges between these systems over a range of hydrologic conditions and a set of hypothetical water-use scenarios.\r\n\r\nLong-term data indicate that at least 15 percent of the average annual flow in the Suwannee River near Wilcox (at river mile 36) is derived from ground-water discharge to the Lower Suwannee and Lower Santa Fe Rivers. Model simulations of ground-water flow to this reach during water years 1998 and 1999 were similar to these model-independent estimates and indicated that ground-water discharge accounted for about 12 percent of the flow in the Lower Suwannee River during this time period.\r\n\r\nThe simulated average ground-water discharge to the Lower Suwannee River downstream from the mouth of the Santa Fe River was about 2,000 cubic feet per second during water years 1998 and 1999. Simulated monthly average ground-water discharge rates to this reach ranged from about 1,500 to 3,200 cubic feet per second. These temporal variations in ground-water discharge were associated with climatic phenomena, including periods of strong influence by El Ni?o-associated flooding, and La Ni?a-associated drought. These variations showed a relatively consistent pattern in which the lowest rates of ground-water inflow occurred during periods of peak flood levels (when river levels rose faster than ground-water levels) and after periods of extended droughts (when ground-water storage was depleted). Conversely, the highest rates of ground-water inflow typically occurred during periods of receding levels that followed peak river levels.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/pp1656C","isbn":"0607978159","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Suwannee River Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Grubbs, J.W., and Crandall, C.A., 2007, Exchanges of Water between the Upper Floridan Aquifer and the Lower Suwannee and Lower Santa Fe Rivers, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1656, x, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1656C.","productDescription":"x, 83 p.","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9577,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1656c/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9470","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grubbs, J. W.","contributorId":77139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grubbs","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crandall, C. A.","contributorId":93943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crandall","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79854,"text":"ofr20071109 - 2007 - Inventory of Amphibians and Reptiles at Mojave National Preserve: Final Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:13","indexId":"ofr20071109","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1109","title":"Inventory of Amphibians and Reptiles at Mojave National Preserve: Final Report","docAbstract":"As part of the National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program in the Mojave Network, we conducted an inventory of amphibians and reptiles at Mojave National Preserve in 2004-2005. Objectives for this inventory were to use fieldwork, museum collections, and literature review to document the occurrence of reptile and amphibian species occurring at MOJA. Our goals were to document at least 90% of the species present, provide one voucher specimen for each species identified, provide GIS-referenced distribution information for sensitive species, and provide all deliverables, including NPSpecies entries, as outlined in the Mojave Network Biological Inventory Study Plan. Methods included daytime and nighttime visual encounter surveys and nighttime road driving. Survey effort was concentrated in predetermined priority sampling areas, as well as in areas with a high potential for detecting undocumented species. We recorded 31 species during our surveys. During literature review and museum specimen database searches, we found records for seven additional species from MOJA, elevating the documented species list to 38 (two amphibians and 36 reptiles). Based on our surveys, as well as literature and museum specimen review, we estimate an overall inventory completeness of 95% for Mojave National Preserve herpetofauna; 67% for amphibians and 97% for reptiles.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071109","collaboration":"In cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Persons, T.B., and Nowak, E., 2007, Inventory of Amphibians and Reptiles at Mojave National Preserve: Final Report (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1109, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071109.","productDescription":"75 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9574,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1109/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b5e4b07f02db5cb13e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Persons, Trevor B.","contributorId":96354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Persons","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nowak, Erika M.","contributorId":14062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"Erika M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79856,"text":"ofr20071110 - 2007 - Pilot Study of Sublethal Effects on Fish of Pesticides Currently Used and Proposed for Use on Maine Blueberries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:08","indexId":"ofr20071110","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1110","title":"Pilot Study of Sublethal Effects on Fish of Pesticides Currently Used and Proposed for Use on Maine Blueberries","docAbstract":"Blueberry pesticides have been detected consistently in some Down East Maine rivers, yet little is known about the sublethal effects of these pesticides on fish early life stages. The Maine blueberry industry is proposing to replace the insecticide ImidanTM (active ingredient phosmet) and the herbicide VelparTM (active ingredient hexazinone), two of the pesticides found in these rivers, with candidate alternatives SpinTor TM (active ingredient spinosad) and Callistso TM (active ingredient mesotrione). Our objective is to evaluate potential sublethal effects of these four formulations before the industry adopts the two candidate alternatives. We exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio) early life stages, from fertilization through larval swim-up, to a range of pesticide concentrations and evaluated their response relative to untreated controls. In this report we provide preliminary data on immune function as well as on parameters in addition to those originally proposed: development and performance fitness. We also provide information on our progress towards optimizing chemical protocols for analyzing the concentration of active ingredient in each of our formulation dosing solutions, another new parameter we added to those originally proposed. Preliminary results indicate that at environmentally realistic concentrations, these pesticides may have no significant effect on innate immunity, development rate or behavior (spontaneous swimming), however further replication is needed to confirm these initial findings. We have also observed some degree of developmental abnormalities in both pesticide-treated and control zebrafish embryos; however, additional replication is underway to determine if these groups differ significantly.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071110","usgsCitation":"Elskus, A.A., 2007, Pilot Study of Sublethal Effects on Fish of Pesticides Currently Used and Proposed for Use on Maine Blueberries: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1110, iv, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071110.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9576,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1110/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685772","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elskus, Adria A.","contributorId":14521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elskus","given":"Adria","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79865,"text":"fs20073034 - 2007 - How Much Water Is in the Apalachicola, Chattahoochee, and Flint Rivers, and How Much Is Used?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T12:08:30","indexId":"fs20073034","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3034","title":"How Much Water Is in the Apalachicola, Chattahoochee, and Flint Rivers, and How Much Is Used?","docAbstract":"Questions of how much water is in the Apalachicola, Chattahoochee, and Flint (ACF) Rivers and how much is used do not have simple answers. The answers depend on the location in the river basin and on the year and season (as discussed on the first two pages of this fact sheet). Location is important because as one moves from upstream to downstream in a typical river, additions to streamflow from tributaries plus ground water and subtractions of streamflow from consumptive use are cumulative, with increasing total amounts in the downstream direction. Time is important because streamflow and consumptive use can vary by hundreds of percent from year to year and season to season at a given location; consumptive use typically is highest during droughts and summer months when streamflow typically is low.\r\n\r\nConsumptive use is defined herein as the difference between the amount of water withdrawn from and the amount returned to a river. These amounts depend on several factors, particularly the type of water use, which varies from region to region (as discussed on the third page). Streamflow during low-flow periods comes primarily from ground water and can be affected by ground-water pumping (as discussed on the last page).\r\n\r\nThis fact sheet uses detailed consumptive water-use data for 1994-2001 that are not available for most watersheds in Georgia (Fanning, 2003; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [USACE], 2004; James Hathorn, USACE, written commun., December 2006). The year 2000 is used herein for several examples because of the available consumptive-use data and because this was an extreme drought year. Additional research and information (as discussed on the last page) are needed to support reliable, fact-based water management and planning for the Georgia Comprehensive Statewide Water Management Plan (accessed March 2007 at http://www.gadnr.org/gswp/).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073034","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Georgia Environmental Protection Division Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Landers, M.N., and Painter, J.A., 2007, How Much Water Is in the Apalachicola, Chattahoochee, and Flint Rivers, and How Much Is Used?: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3034, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073034.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3034.jpg"},{"id":9585,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3034/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Apalachicola River, Chattahoochee River, Flint River","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.869384765625,29.878755346037977],[-84.9847412109375,29.673735421779128],[-85.2044677734375,29.73099249532227],[-85.4241943359375,30.012030680358613],[-85.49011230468749,30.552800413453546],[-85.49560546875,32.16166284018013],[-85.27587890625,33.5963189611327],[-84.72656249999999,34.17090836352573],[-83.924560546875,34.6241677899049],[-83.64990234375,34.89494244739732],[-83.34228515625,34.56990638085636],[-83.583984375,33.8521697014074],[-84.375,33.22030778968541],[-83.73779296875,31.96148355726853],[-84.05639648437499,30.911651004518244],[-84.5068359375,30.64736425824319],[-84.869384765625,29.878755346037977]]]}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a07c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landers, Mark N. 0000-0002-3014-0480 landers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3014-0480","contributorId":1103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landers","given":"Mark","email":"landers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Painter, Jaime A. 0000-0001-8883-9158 jpainter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-9158","contributorId":1466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"Jaime","email":"jpainter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79860,"text":"sir20075019 - 2007 - Selenium and Mercury Concentrations in Fish, Wolford Mountain Reservoir, Colorado, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:14","indexId":"sir20075019","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5019","title":"Selenium and Mercury Concentrations in Fish, Wolford Mountain Reservoir, Colorado, 2005","docAbstract":"A reconnaissance investigation of selenium and total mercury in fish in Wolford Mountain Reservoir, Colorado, was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in June 2005, in cooperation with the Colorado River Water Conservation District. A total of 32 game and nongame fish were collected from three sites in the reservoir for analysis of selenium and total mercury. Five species of fish were sampled: white sucker (Catostomus commersonii, n=17), brown trout (Salmo trutta, n=5), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, n=5), cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii, n=3), and splake (Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush, n=2). Selenium concentrations ranged from 1.05 to 11.7 micrograms per gram (equivalent to parts per million or ppm) dry weight, whole body. Almost 22 percent (7 of 32) of fish samples had selenium concentrations greater than 7.91 micrograms per gram dry weight, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2004 draft freshwater chronic criterion for selenium in whole-body fish tissue. Total mercury concentrations in muscle plug samples ranged from 0.012 to 0.320 microgram per gram wet weight. Concentrations of mercury in muscle plug samples are comparable to concentrations in fillet samples, and only one fish sample, a nongame white sucker, had a total mercury concentration greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency water-quality criterion for the protection of human health of 0.3 microgram per gram wet weight in fillets. Converting muscle plug or fillet concentrations of mercury to whole-body concentrations, four fish samples (12.5 percent) had estimated whole-body total mercury concentrations greater than 0.1 microgram per gram wet weight concentration in whole-body fish tissue, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service criterion for protection of fish-eating birds and wildlife.\r\n\r\nWater-quality data for dissolved selenium and total mercury in two tributaries and three reservoir sites were compiled and compared. Dissolved concentrations of selenium in one tributary and one reservoir site (prior to 1998) were greater than 4.6 micrograms per liter, the State of Colorado chronic water-quality standard for dissolved selenium for protection of aquatic life. Total mercury concentrations in most water samples from two tributaries and three reservoir sites were less than or equal to 0.01 microgram per liter, the State of Colorado chronic water-quality standard for total mercury for protection of aquatic life. Selenium and mercury in fish in Wolford Mountain Reservoir most likely are not directly related to selenium and mercury concentrations in reservoir water, as most selenium and mercury in fish tissue results from the presence of selenium and mercury in the diet rather than through gill uptake from water.\r\n\r\nResults of this reconnaissance investigation of selenium and total mercury in fish in Wolford Mountain Reservoir indicate that concentrations of selenium were elevated in some fish. Most total mercury concentrations in fish were less than criteria levels.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado River Water Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Bauch, N.J., 2007, Selenium and Mercury Concentrations in Fish, Wolford Mountain Reservoir, Colorado, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5019, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075019.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5019.jpg"},{"id":9580,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5019/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e486fe4b07f02db50d36e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bauch, Nancy J. 0000-0002-0302-2892 njbauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-2892","contributorId":1297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauch","given":"Nancy","email":"njbauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79864,"text":"pp1686B - 2007 - Organic-carbon sequestration in soil/sediment of the Mississippi River deltaic plain — Data; landscape distribution, storage, and inventory; accumulation rates; and recent loss, including a post-Katrina preliminary analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-06T22:28:19.486777","indexId":"pp1686B","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1686","chapter":"B","title":"Organic-carbon sequestration in soil/sediment of the Mississippi River deltaic plain — Data; landscape distribution, storage, and inventory; accumulation rates; and recent loss, including a post-Katrina preliminary analysis","docAbstract":"Soil/sediment of the Mississippi River deltaic plain (MRDP) in southeastern Louisiana is rich in organic carbon (OC). The MRDP contains about 2 percent of all OC in the surface meter of soil/sediment in the Mississippi River Basin (MRB). Environments within the MRDP differ in soil/sediment organic carbon (SOC) accumulation rate, storage, and inventory. The focus of this study was twofold: (1) develop a database for OC and bulk density for MRDP soil/sediment; and (2) estimate SOC storage, inventory, and accumulation rates for the dominant environments (brackish, intermediate, and fresh marsh; natural levee; distributary; backswamp; and swamp) in the MRDP.
Comparative studies were conducted to determine which field and laboratory methods result in the most accurate and reproducible bulk-density values for each marsh environment. Sampling methods included push-core, vibracore, peat borer, and Hargis1 sampler. Bulk-density data for cores taken by the \"short push-core method\" proved to be more internally consistent than data for samples collected by other methods. Laboratory methods to estimate OC concentration and inorganic-constituent concentration included mass spectrometry, coulometry, and loss-on-ignition. For the sampled MRDP environments, these methods were comparable. SOC storage was calculated for each core with adequate OC and bulk-density data. SOC inventory was calculated using core-specific data from this study and available published and unpublished pedon data linked to SSURGO2 map units. Sample age was estimated using isotopic cesium (37Cs), lead (210Pb), and carbon (14C), elemental Pb, palynomorphs, other stratigraphic markers, and written history. SOC accumulation rates were estimated for each core with adequate age data.
Cesium-137 profiles for marsh soil/sediment are the least ambiguous. Levee and distributary 137Cs profiles show the effects of intermittent allochthonous input and/or sediment resuspension. Cesium-137 and 210Pb data gave the most consistent and interpretable information for age estimations of soil/sediment deposited during the 1900s. For several cores, isotopic 14C and 137Cs data allowed the 1963-64 nuclear weapons testing (NWT) peak-activity datum to be placed within a few-centimeter depth interval. In some cores, a too old 14C age (when compared to 137Cs and microstratigraphic-marker data) is the probable result of old carbon bound to clay minerals incorporated into the organic soil/sediment. Elemental Pb coupled with Pb source-function data allowed age estimation for soil/sediment that accumulated during the late 1920s through the 1980s. Exotic pollen (for example, Vigna unguiculata and Alternanthera philoxeroides) and other microstratigraphic indicators (for example, carbon spherules) allowed age estimations for marsh soil/sediment deposited during the settlement of New Orleans (1717-20) through the early 1900s.
For this study, MRDP distributary and swamp environments were each represented by only one core, backswamp environment by two cores, all other environments by three or more cores. MRDP core data for the surface meter soil/sediment indicate that (1) coastal marshes, abandoned distributaries, and swamps have regional SOC-storage values >16 kg m-2; (2) swamps and abandoned distributaries have the highest SOC storage values (swamp, 44.8 kg m-2; abandoned distributary, 50.9 kg m-2); (3) fresh-to-brackish marsh environments have the second highest site-specific SOC-storage values; and (4) site-specific marsh SOC storage values decrease as the salinity of the environment increases (fresh-marsh, 36.2 kg m-2; intermediate marsh, 26.2 kg m-2; brackish marsh, 21.5 kg m-2). This inverse relation between salinity and SOC storage is opposite the regional systematic increase in SOC storage with increasing salinity that is evident when SOC storage is mapped by linking pedon data to SSURGO map units (fresh marsh, 47 kg m-2; intermediate marsh, 67 kg m-2; brackish marsh, 75 kg m-2; and salt marsh, 80 kg m-2).
MRDP core data for this study also indicate that levees and backswamp have regional SOC-storage values <16 kg m-2. Group-mean SOC storage for cores from these environments are natural levee (17.0 kg m-2) and backswamp (14.1 kg m-2).
An estimate for the SOC inventory in the surface meter of soil/sediment in the MRDP can be made using the SSURGO mapped portion of the coastal-marsh vegetative-type map (13,236 km2, land-only area) published by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries and U.S. Geological Survey (1997). This area has a SOC inventory (surface meter) of 677 Tg (slightly more than 2 percent of the 30,289 Tg SOC inventory for the MRB). The MRDP (6,180 km2, land-only area) has an estimated SOC inventory of 397 Tg. Most of the MRDP is located within the SSURGO mapped coastal marshlands. The entire MRDP, including water, has an area of about 10,800 km2. Using the ratio of total MRDP area to SSURGO mapped MRDP area as an adjustment, the MRDP SOC inventory is estimated at 694 Tg. This larger estimate of 694 Tg for the SOC inventory is probably more realistic, because it is reasonable to assume that the marsh sediments overlain by shallow water have comparable SOC storage to that of the adjacent land areas.
MRDP core data for this study indicate that there is some variability in long-term SOC mass-accumulation rates for centuries and millennia and that this variability may indicate important geologic changes or changes in land use. However, the consistency of the range in rates of SOC accumulation through time suggests a remarkable degree of marsh sustainability throughout the Holocene, including the recent period of significant marsh modification/channelization for human use. One example of marsh sustainability is its present ability to function as a SOC sink even with Louisiana's large-scale coastal land loss during the last several decades. With coastal-marsh restoration efforts, this sink potential will increase.
Looking to the future, a total of 1,101 g m-2 yr-1 SOC is projected to be lost from all of coastal Louisiana (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Louisiana Coastal Area (LCA) subprovinces 1-4; not just the MRDP) through coastal erosion from year 2000 to 2050. This translates to a projected SOC-loss rate of about 0.20 percent per year.
The recent Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, which devastated the Louisiana coast during late August and late September 2005, transformed about 259 km2 (100 mi2) of marsh to open water (U.S. Geological Survey, 2005). To the extent that some or all of this land loss is permanent, this result equates to a SOC loss of about 15 Tg. This estimate is based on the year-2000 15,153-km2 land area for the LCA study area that includes LCA subprovince 4. Using the year-2000 land area, the LCA study area had an estimated SOC inventory of 858 Tg. The estimated 15 Tg SOC loss attributable to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita is 1.7 percent of the year-2000 LCA inventory and 2.3 percent of the year-2000 MRDP inventory. If this SOC loss is included in the projection for the year 2050, then the MRDP would either remain a source with a net SOC loss of 3 Tg or become a weak sink with a net SOC gain of 4 Tg. These estimates are lower bounds for potential SOC flux because they are only for the surface meter of landmass.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil-carbon storage and inventory for the continental United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/pp1686B","usgsCitation":"Markewich, H., Buell, G.R., Britsch, L.D., McGeehin, J., Robbins, J.A., Wrenn, J.H., Dillon, D.L., Fries, T.L., and Morehead, N.R., 2007, Organic-carbon sequestration in soil/sediment of the Mississippi River deltaic plain — Data; landscape distribution, storage, and inventory; accumulation rates; and recent loss, including a post-Katrina preliminary analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1686, xiv, 241 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1686B.","productDescription":"xiv, 241 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":393992,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81230.htm"},{"id":9584,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/2007/1686b/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River deltaic plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.56005859375,\n 29.06097140738389\n ],\n [\n -89.11560058593749,\n 29.06097140738389\n ],\n [\n -89.11560058593749,\n 30.09286062952815\n ],\n [\n -91.56005859375,\n 30.09286062952815\n ],\n [\n -91.56005859375,\n 29.06097140738389\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68ad05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markewich, Helaine W.","contributorId":38973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markewich","given":"Helaine W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buell, Gary R. grbuell@usgs.gov","contributorId":3107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buell","given":"Gary","email":"grbuell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Britsch, Louis D.","contributorId":78024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britsch","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGeehin, John P. 0000-0002-5320-6091 mcgeehin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":3444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"John P.","email":"mcgeehin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robbins, John A.","contributorId":97583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wrenn, John H.","contributorId":54303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wrenn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dillon, Douglas L.","contributorId":75641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fries, Terry L.","contributorId":76349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fries","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Morehead, Nancy R.","contributorId":100957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morehead","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ]}