{"pageNumber":"865","pageRowStart":"21600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70035667,"text":"70035667 - 2009 - Postseismic relaxation following the 1992 M7.3 Landers and 1999 M7.1 Hector Mine earthquakes, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035667","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Postseismic relaxation following the 1992 M7.3 Landers and 1999 M7.1 Hector Mine earthquakes, southern California","docAbstract":"Postseismic relaxation (measured postseismic deformation less the deformation that would have occurred at the preseismic rate) has been monitored at the same 10 monuments over ???6 years following both the 1992 Landers and the 1999 Hector Mine earthquakes. For both earthquakes the displacement components of the observed relaxation are well described by ??<sub>i</sub> + ??<sub>i</sub>f<sub>1</sub>(t), where ??<sub>i</sub> and ??<sub>i</sub> are constants peculiar to each component at each monument, t is the time after the earthquake, and f<sub>1</sub>(t) is a temporal function common to all components and all monuments for that earthquake. The temporal fanction f<sub>1</sub>(t) can be approximated by bt + c log<sub>e</sub>(1 + t /??), where ?? = 38.7 ?? 15.2 days and 25.6 ?? 7.7 days for the Landers and Hector Mine relaxations, respectively. Because the estimated values of ?? do not differ significantly, the transient term log<sub>e</sub>(1 + t/??) in the temporal function may be the same for both earthquakes. The asymptotic (t ??? ???) relaxation rates ??<sub>i</sub>b are only a few mm/a and do not appear to be significantly different following the two earthquakes. The asymptotic deformation rates appear to be slightly greater than the preseismic deformation rates, but the preseismic rates were not measured directly. Thus, the deformations of the Landers array measured over the first 5.6 years following the Landers earthquake and over the first 6.4 years following the Hector Mine earthquake are generally consistent with a simple model in which the transient postearthquake relaxation depends upon time as log<sub>e</sub>(1 + t/??) with ?? = 28 ?? 5 days and the asymptotic postseismic speeds of the monuments exceed the preseismic speeds by at most only a few millimeters per annum.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008JB005938","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Savage, J., and Svarc, J.L., 2009, Postseismic relaxation following the 1992 M7.3 Landers and 1999 M7.1 Hector Mine earthquakes, southern California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 114, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005938.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476488,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jb005938","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216218,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005938"},{"id":244075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e99e4b0c8380cd7a639","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Svarc, J. L.","contributorId":75995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032240,"text":"70032240 - 2009 - Geochemical evidence for African dust and volcanic ash inputs to terra rossa soils on carbonate reef terraces, northern Jamaica, West Indies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032240","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical evidence for African dust and volcanic ash inputs to terra rossa soils on carbonate reef terraces, northern Jamaica, West Indies","docAbstract":"The origin of red or reddish-brown, clay-rich, \"terra rossa\" soils on limestone has been debated for decades. A traditional qualitative explanation for their formation has been the accumulation of insoluble residues as the limestone is progressively dissolved over time. However, this mode of formation often requires unrealistic or impossible amounts of carbonate dissolution. Therefore, where this mechanism is not viable and where local fluvial or colluvial inputs can be ruled out, an external source or sources must be involved in soil formation. On the north coast of the Caribbean island of Jamaica, we studied a sequence of terra rossa soils developed on emergent limestones thought to be of Quaternary age. The soils become progressively thicker, redder, more Fe- and Al-rich and Si-poor with elevation. Furthermore, although kaolinite is found in all the soils, the highest and oldest soils also contain boehmite. Major and trace element geochemistry shows that the host limestones and local igneous rocks are not likely source materials for the soils. Other trace elements, including the rare earth elements (REE), show that tephra from Central American volcanoes is not a likely source either. However, trace element geochemistry shows that airborne dust from Africa plus tephra from the Lesser Antilles island arc are possible source materials for the clay-rich soils. A third, as yet unidentified, source may also contribute to the soils. We hypothesize that older, more chemically mature Jamaican bauxites may have had a similar origin. The results add to the growing body of evidence of the importance of multiple parent materials, including far-traveled dust, to soil genesis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2007.10.026","issn":"10406","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., and Budahn, J., 2009, Geochemical evidence for African dust and volcanic ash inputs to terra rossa soils on carbonate reef terraces, northern Jamaica, West Indies: Quaternary International, v. 196, no. 1-2, p. 13-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.10.026.","startPage":"13","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215036,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.10.026"},{"id":242804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"196","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a162ae4b0c8380cd55080","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budahn, J. R. 0000-0001-9794-8882","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":83914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035666,"text":"70035666 - 2009 - Constraining earthquake source inversions with GPS data: 2. A two-step approach to combine seismic and geodetic data sets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035666","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraining earthquake source inversions with GPS data: 2. A two-step approach to combine seismic and geodetic data sets","docAbstract":"We present a new method to combine static and wavefield data to image earthquake ruptures. Our combined inversion is a two-step procedure, following the work of Hernandez et al. (1999), and takes into account the differences between the resolutions of the two data sets. The first step consists of an inversion of the static field, which yields a map of slip amplitude. This inversion exploits a special irregular grid that takes into account the resolution of the static data. The second step is an inversion of the radiated wavefield; it results in the determination of the time evolution of slip on the fault. In the second step, the slip amplitude is constrained to resemble the static slip amplitude map inferred from the GPS inversion. Using this combined inversion, we study the source process of the 2004 M6 Parkfield, California, earthquake. We conclude that slip occurred in two main regions of the fault, each of which displayed distinct rupture behaviors. Slip initiated at the hypocenter with a very strong bilateral burst of energy. Here, slip was localized in a narrow area approximately 10 km long, the rupture velocity was very fast (???3.5 km/s), and slip only lasted a short period of time (<1 s). Then the rupture proceeded to a wider region 12-20 km northwest of the hypocenter. Here, the earthquake developed in a more moderated way: the rupture velocity slowed to ???3.0 km/s and slip lasted longer (1-2 s). The maximum slip amplitude was 0.45 m. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008JB005746","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Custodio, S., Page, M., and Archuleta, R., 2009, Constraining earthquake source inversions with GPS data: 2. A two-step approach to combine seismic and geodetic data sets: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 114, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005746.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487265,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jb005746","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216217,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005746"},{"id":244074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa08e4b0c8380cd4d8b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custodio, S.","contributorId":81714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custodio","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Page, M.T.","contributorId":36771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Archuleta, R.J.","contributorId":79245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archuleta","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037037,"text":"70037037 - 2009 - The Asian clam Corbicula fluminea as a biomonitor of trace element contamination: Accounting for different sources of variation using an hierarchical linear model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037037","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Asian clam Corbicula fluminea as a biomonitor of trace element contamination: Accounting for different sources of variation using an hierarchical linear model","docAbstract":"In the present study, specimens of the invasive clam, Corbicula fluminea, were collected above and below possible sources of potentially toxic trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn) in the Altamaha River system (Georgia, USA). Bioaccumulation of these elements was quantified, along with environmental (water and sediment) concentrations. Hierarchical linear models were used to account for variability in tissue concentrations related to environmental (site water chemistry and sediment characteristics) and individual (growth metrics) variables while identifying the strongest relations between these variables and trace element accumulation. The present study found significantly elevated concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Hg downstream of the outfall of kaolin-processing facilities, Zn downstream of a tire cording facility, and Cr downstream of both a nuclear power plant and a paper pulp mill. Models of the present study indicated that variation in trace element accumulation was linked to distance upstream from the estuary, dissolved oxygen, percentage of silt and clay in the sediment, elemental concentrations in sediment, shell length, and bivalve condition index. By explicitly modeling environmental variability, the Hierarchical linear modeling procedure allowed the identification of sites showing increased accumulation of trace elements that may have been caused by human activity. Hierarchical linear modeling is a useful tool for accounting for environmental and individual sources of variation in bioaccumulation studies. ?? 2009 SETAC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/09-058.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Shoults-Wilson, W.A., Peterson, J., Unrine, J.M., Rickard, J., and Black, M., 2009, The Asian clam Corbicula fluminea as a biomonitor of trace element contamination: Accounting for different sources of variation using an hierarchical linear model: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 28, no. 10, p. 2224-2232, https://doi.org/10.1897/09-058.1.","startPage":"2224","endPage":"2232","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217303,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/09-058.1"}],"volume":"28","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba68ce4b08c986b3211d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shoults-Wilson, W. A.","contributorId":66515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoults-Wilson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, J.T.","contributorId":30170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Unrine, J. M.","contributorId":60887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unrine","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rickard, J.","contributorId":45933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rickard","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Black, M.C.","contributorId":89091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037015,"text":"70037015 - 2009 - Microseismicity at the North Anatolian Fault in the Sea of Marmara offshore Istanbul, NW Turkey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-31T14:50:00","indexId":"70037015","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microseismicity at the North Anatolian Fault in the Sea of Marmara offshore Istanbul, NW Turkey","docAbstract":"The North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) below the Sea of Marmara forms a “seismic gap” where a major earthquake is expected to occur in the near future. This segment of the fault lies between the 1912 Ganos and 1999 İzmit ruptures and is the only NAFZ segment that has not ruptured since 1766. To monitor the microseismic activity at the main fault branch offshore of Istanbul below the Çınarcık Basin, a permanent seismic array (PIRES) was installed on the two outermost Prince Islands, Yassiada and Sivriada, at a few kilometers distance to the fault. In addition, a temporary network of ocean bottom seismometers was deployed throughout the Çınarcık Basin. Slowness vectors are determined combining waveform cross correlation and P wave polarization. We jointly invert azimuth and traveltime observations for hypocenter determination and apply a bootstrap resampling technique to quantify the location precision. We observe seismicity rates of 20 events per month for M < 2.5 along the basin. The spatial distribution of hypocenters suggests that the two major fault branches bounding the depocenter below the Çınarcık Basin merge to one single master fault below ∼17 km depth. On the basis of a cross-correlation technique we group closely spaced earthquakes and determine composite focal mechanisms implementing recordings of surrounding permanent land stations. Fault plane solutions have a predominant right-lateral strike-slip mechanism, indicating that normal faulting along this part of the NAFZ plays a minor role. Toward the west we observe increasing components of thrust faulting. This supports the model of NW trending, dextral strike-slip motion along the northern and main branch of the NAFZ below the eastern Sea of Marmara.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2008JB006244","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Bulut, F., Bohnhoff, M., Ellsworth, W.L., Aktar, M., and Dresen, G., 2009, Microseismicity at the North Anatolian Fault in the Sea of Marmara offshore Istanbul, NW Turkey: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 114, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006244.","productDescription":"B09302: 16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476287,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jb006244","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217389,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006244"},{"id":245334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Turkey","city":"Istanbul","otherGeospatial":"Sea Of Marmara","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 25.5,39.25 ], [ 25.5,41.5 ], [ 41.0,41.5 ], [ 41.0,39.25 ], [ 25.5,39.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"114","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56a9e4b0c8380cd6d729","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bulut, Fatih","contributorId":64921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bulut","given":"Fatih","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohnhoff, Marco","contributorId":102718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohnhoff","given":"Marco","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aktar, Mustafa","contributorId":94529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aktar","given":"Mustafa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dresen, Georg","contributorId":103500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dresen","given":"Georg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035825,"text":"70035825 - 2009 - Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modelling (LUCHEM) II: Ensemble combinations and predictions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035825","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modelling (LUCHEM) II: Ensemble combinations and predictions","docAbstract":"This paper reports on a project to compare predictions from a range of catchment models applied to a mesoscale river basin in central Germany and to assess various ensemble predictions of catchment streamflow. The models encompass a large range in inherent complexity and input requirements. In approximate order of decreasing complexity, they are DHSVM, MIKE-SHE, TOPLATS, WASIM-ETH, SWAT, PRMS, SLURP, HBV, LASCAM and IHACRES. The models are calibrated twice using different sets of input data. The two predictions from each model are then combined by simple averaging to produce a single-model ensemble. The 10 resulting single-model ensembles are combined in various ways to produce multi-model ensemble predictions. Both the single-model ensembles and the multi-model ensembles are shown to give predictions that are generally superior to those of their respective constituent models, both during a 7-year calibration period and a 9-year validation period. This occurs despite a considerable disparity in performance of the individual models. Even the weakest of models is shown to contribute useful information to the ensembles they are part of. The best model combination methods are a trimmed mean (constructed using the central four or six predictions each day) and a weighted mean ensemble (with weights calculated from calibration performance) that places relatively large weights on the better performing models. Conditional ensembles, in which separate model weights are used in different system states (e.g. summer and winter, high and low flows) generally yield little improvement over the weighted mean ensemble. However a conditional ensemble that discriminates between rising and receding flows shows moderate improvement. An analysis of ensemble predictions shows that the best ensembles are not necessarily those containing the best individual models. Conversely, it appears that some models that predict well individually do not necessarily combine well with other models in multi-model ensembles. The reasons behind these observations may relate to the effects of the weighting schemes, non-stationarity of the climate series and possible cross-correlations between models. Crown Copyright ?? 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.05.006","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Viney, N., Bormann, H., Breuer, L., Bronstert, A., Croke, B., Frede, H., Graff, T., Hubrechts, L., Huisman, J.A., Jakeman, A., Kite, G., Lanini, J., Leavesley, G., Lettenmaier, D., Lindstrom, G., Seibert, J., Sivapalan, M., and Willems, P., 2009, Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modelling (LUCHEM) II: Ensemble combinations and predictions: Advances in Water Resources, v. 32, no. 2, p. 147-158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.05.006.","startPage":"147","endPage":"158","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216197,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.05.006"},{"id":244051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edebe4b0c8380cd49ade","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Viney, N.R.","contributorId":11850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viney","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bormann, H.","contributorId":66091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bormann","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Breuer, L.","contributorId":54814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breuer","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bronstert, A.","contributorId":98565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronstert","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Croke, B.F.W.","contributorId":52809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croke","given":"B.F.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Frede, H.","contributorId":94927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frede","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Graff, T.","contributorId":15803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graff","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hubrechts, L.","contributorId":54815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubrechts","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Huisman, J. A.","contributorId":86591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huisman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Jakeman, A.J.","contributorId":12639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakeman","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kite, G.W.","contributorId":42100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kite","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lanini, J.","contributorId":89745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanini","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Leavesley, G.","contributorId":90483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Lettenmaier, D.P.","contributorId":61175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lettenmaier","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Lindstrom, G.","contributorId":27292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindstrom","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Seibert, J.","contributorId":37513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seibert","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Sivapalan, M.","contributorId":59587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sivapalan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Willems, P.","contributorId":57685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willems","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}}
,{"id":70036950,"text":"70036950 - 2009 - Offshore double-planed shallow seismic zone in the NE Japan forearc region revealed by sP depth phases recorded by regional networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036950","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Offshore double-planed shallow seismic zone in the NE Japan forearc region revealed by sP depth phases recorded by regional networks","docAbstract":"We detected the sP depth phase at small epicentral distances of about 150 km or more in the seismograms of shallow earthquakes in the NE Japan forearc region. The focal depths of 1078 M > 3 earthquakes that occurred from 2000 to 2006 were precisely determined using the time delay of the sP phase from the initial P-wave arrival. The distribution of relocated hypocentres clearly shows the configuration of a double-planed shallow seismic zone beneath the Pacific Ocean. The upper plane has a low dip angle near the Japan Trench, increasing gradually to ???30?? at approximately 100 km landward of the Japan Trench. The lower plane is approximately parallel to the upper plane, and appears to be the near-trench counterpart of the lower plane of the double-planed deep seismic zone beneath the land area. The distance between the upper and lower planes is 28-32 km, which is approximately the same as or slightly smaller than that of the double-planed deep seismic zone beneath the land area. Focal mechanism solutions of the relocated earthquakes are determined from P-wave initial motion data. Although P-wave initial motion data for these offshore events are not ideally distributed on the focal sphere, we found that the upper-plane events that occur near the Japan Trench are characterized by normal faulting, whereas lower-plane events are characterized by thrust faulting. This focal mechanism distribution is the opposite to that of the double-planed deep seismic zone beneath the land area. The characteristics of these focal mechanisms for the shallow and deep doubled-planed seismic zones can be explained by a bending-unbending model of the subducting Pacific plate. Some of relocated earthquakes took place in the source area of the 1933 Mw8.4 Sanriku earthquake at depths of 10-23 km. The available focal mechanisms for these events are characterized by normal faulting. Given that the 1933 event was a large normal-fault event that occurred along a fault plane dipping landward, the earthquakes that currently occur just beneath or oceanwards of the Japan Trench are probably its aftershocks, suggesting that aftershock activity continues to the present day, 70 years after the main shock. ?? 2009 The Authors, Journal compilation ?? 2009 RAS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04048.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Gamage, S., Umino, N., Hasegawa, A., and Kirby, S.H., 2009, Offshore double-planed shallow seismic zone in the NE Japan forearc region revealed by sP depth phases recorded by regional networks: Geophysical Journal International, v. 178, no. 1, p. 195-214, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04048.x.","startPage":"195","endPage":"214","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476297,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2009.04048.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217694,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04048.x"},{"id":245654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"178","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6cb2e4b0c8380cd74d8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gamage, S.S.N.","contributorId":93736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gamage","given":"S.S.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Umino, N.","contributorId":89750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Umino","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hasegawa, A.","contributorId":6264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hasegawa","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035941,"text":"70035941 - 2009 - Numerical study of tsunami generated by multiple submarine slope failures in Resurrection Bay, Alaska, during the M<sub>W</sub> 9.2 1964 earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T16:57:18","indexId":"70035941","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Numerical study of tsunami generated by multiple submarine slope failures in Resurrection Bay, Alaska, during the M<sub>W</sub> 9.2 1964 earthquake","docAbstract":"We use a viscous slide model of Jiang and LeBlond (1994) coupled with nonlinear shallow water equations to study tsunami waves in Resurrection Bay, in south-central Alaska. The town of Seward, located at the head of Resurrection Bay, was hit hard by both tectonic and local landslide-generated tsunami waves during the M<sub>W</sub> 9.2 1964 earthquake with an epicenter located about 150 km northeast of Seward. Recent studies have estimated the total volume of underwater slide material that moved in Resurrection Bay during the earthquake to be about 211 million m<sup>3</sup>. Resurrection Bay is a glacial fjord with large tidal ranges and sediments accumulating on steep underwater slopes at a high rate. Also, it is located in a seismically active region above the Aleutian megathrust. All these factors make the town vulnerable to locally generated waves produced by underwater slope failures. Therefore it is crucial to assess the tsunami hazard related to local landslide-generated tsunamis in Resurrection Bay in order to conduct comprehensive tsunami inundation mapping at Seward. We use numerical modeling to recreate the landslides and tsunami waves of the 1964 earthquake to test the hypothesis that the local tsunami in Resurrection Bay has been produced by a number of different slope failures. We find that numerical results are in good agreement with the observational data, and the model could be employed to evaluate landslide tsunami hazard in Alaska fjords for the purposes of tsunami hazard mitigation. ?? Birkh??user Verlag, Basel 2009.","largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00024-004-0430-3","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Suleimani, E., Hansen, R., and Haeussler, P.J., 2009, Numerical study of tsunami generated by multiple submarine slope failures in Resurrection Bay, Alaska, during the M<sub>W</sub> 9.2 1964 earthquake, <i>in</i> Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 166, no. 1-2, p. 131-152, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-004-0430-3.","startPage":"131","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216117,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-004-0430-3"}],"volume":"166","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6933e4b0c8380cd73c01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suleimani, E.","contributorId":91713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suleimani","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, R.","contributorId":56370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036895,"text":"70036895 - 2009 - A formal framework for scenario development in support of environmental decision-making","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:59","indexId":"70036895","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A formal framework for scenario development in support of environmental decision-making","docAbstract":"Scenarios are possible future states of the world that represent alternative plausible conditions under different assumptions. Often, scenarios are developed in a context relevant to stakeholders involved in their applications since the evaluation of scenario outcomes and implications can enhance decision-making activities. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of scenario development and proposes a formal approach to scenario development in environmental decision-making. The discussion of current issues in scenario studies includes advantages and obstacles in utilizing a formal scenario development framework, and the different forms of uncertainty inherent in scenario development, as well as how they should be treated. An appendix for common scenario terminology has been attached for clarity. Major recommendations for future research in this area include proper consideration of uncertainty in scenario studies in particular in relation to stakeholder relevant information, construction of scenarios that are more diverse in nature, and sharing of information and resources among the scenario development research community. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Modelling and Software","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2008.11.010","issn":"13648152","usgsCitation":"Mahmoud, M., Liu, Y., Hartmann, H., Stewart, S., Wagener, T., Semmens, D., Stewart, R., Gupta, H., Dominguez, D., Dominguez, F., Hulse, D., Letcher, R., Rashleigh, B., Smith, C., Street, R., Ticehurst, J., Twery, M., van, D.H., Waldick, R., White, D., and Winter, L., 2009, A formal framework for scenario development in support of environmental decision-making: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 24, no. 7, p. 798-808, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2008.11.010.","startPage":"798","endPage":"808","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217774,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2008.11.010"}],"volume":"24","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3e0e4b0c8380cd4628a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahmoud, M.","contributorId":77778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahmoud","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Yajing","contributorId":16553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Yajing","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hartmann, H.","contributorId":45938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartmann","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stewart, S.","contributorId":66650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wagener, T.","contributorId":36350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagener","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Semmens, D.","contributorId":42467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semmens","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stewart, R.","contributorId":40048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gupta, H.","contributorId":75296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gupta","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dominguez, D.","contributorId":54442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dominguez","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Dominguez, F.","contributorId":96121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dominguez","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hulse, D.","contributorId":41264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hulse","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Letcher, R.","contributorId":103503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Rashleigh, Brenda","contributorId":43990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rashleigh","given":"Brenda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Smith, C.","contributorId":96429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Street, R.","contributorId":35097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Street","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Ticehurst, J.","contributorId":107963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ticehurst","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Twery, M.","contributorId":84601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twery","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"van, Delden H.","contributorId":69825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van","given":"Delden","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Waldick, R.","contributorId":44012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldick","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"White, D.","contributorId":39103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Winter, L.","contributorId":76167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}}
,{"id":70036889,"text":"70036889 - 2009 - Hydrodynamic modeling of tsunamis from the Currituck landslide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036889","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrodynamic modeling of tsunamis from the Currituck landslide","docAbstract":"Tsunami generation from the Currituck landslide offshore North Carolina and propagation of waves toward the U.S. coastline are modeled based on recent geotechnical analysis of slide movement. A long and intermediate wave modeling package (COULWAVE) based on the non-linear Boussinesq equations are used to simulate the tsunami. This model includes procedures to incorporate bottom friction, wave breaking, and overland flow during runup. Potential tsunamis generated from the Currituck landslide are analyzed using four approaches: (1) tsunami wave history is calculated from several different scenarios indicated by geotechnical stability and mobility analyses; (2) a sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine the effects of both landslide failure duration during generation and bottom friction along the continental shelf during propagation; (3) wave history is calculated over a regional area to determine the propagation of energy oblique to the slide axis; and (4) a high-resolution 1D model is developed to accurately model wave breaking and the combined influence of nonlinearity and dispersion during nearshore propagation and runup. The primary source parameter that affects tsunami severity for this case study is landslide volume, with failure duration having a secondary influence. Bottom friction during propagation across the continental shelf has a strong influence on the attenuation of the tsunami during propagation. The high-resolution 1D model also indicates that the tsunami undergoes nonlinear fission prior to wave breaking, generating independent, short-period waves. Wave breaking occurs approximately 40-50??km offshore where a tsunami bore is formed that persists during runup. These analyses illustrate the complex nature of landslide tsunamis, necessitating the use of detailed landslide stability/mobility models and higher-order hydrodynamic models to determine their hazard.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2008.09.005","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Geist, E., Lynett, P., and Chaytor, J., 2009, Hydrodynamic modeling of tsunamis from the Currituck landslide: Marine Geology, v. 264, no. 1-2, p. 41-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2008.09.005.","startPage":"41","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476160,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2968","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217688,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2008.09.005"}],"volume":"264","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a333de4b0c8380cd5ee58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, E.L. 0000-0003-0611-1150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":71993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lynett, P.J.","contributorId":28840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynett","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chaytor, J.D.","contributorId":80936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaytor","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036771,"text":"70036771 - 2009 - Change in diel catchability of young-of-year yellow perch associated with establishment of dreissenid mussels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-28T15:45:07","indexId":"70036771","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Change in diel catchability of young-of-year yellow perch associated with establishment of dreissenid mussels","docAbstract":"1. Non-native mussels have increased water clarity in many lakes and streams in North America and Europe. Diel variation in catchability of some fish species has been linked to visibility during survey trawls (used to measure escapement). 2. Water clarity increased in nearshore areas of western Lake Erie by the early 1990s, following passage of legislation in 1972 to improve water quality (e.g. reduce phosphorus loading) and the invasion of dreissenid mussels (<i>Dreissena spp.</i>) beginning in 1987. 3. We hypothesised that increased water clarity in Lake Erie resulted in decreased catchability of young-of-year (age-0) yellow perch (<i>Perca flavescens</i> Mitchill) during daylight compared to during night. We used a two-tiered modelling approach to test this hypothesis on the ratio (<i>R</i>) of catch per hour (CPH) during night to CPH during daylight in bottom trawl surveys conducted during 1961-2005. 4. First, we examined seven a <i>priori</i> models. The first model, the 'null' model, represented no change in <i>R</i> over time. Three more models tested whether the timing of the change in <i>R</i> was associated with passage of water quality legislation only, dreissenids only (two-period models) and both legislation and dreissenids (three-period models). Three additional models included a 3-year lag before the effects of legislation, dreissenids or both occurred. Secondly, all possible two- and three-period models with a minimum of 2 years per time period were explored <i>a posteriori</i>. The <i>a posteriori</i> procedure determined the temporal transitions to higher <i>R</i> that were best supported by the data, without regard to a <i>priori</i> hypotheses. 5. Night CPH was greater than daylight CPH in 3 of 11 years during 1961-72, in 10 of 15 years during 1973-87, and in 14 of 18 years during 1988-2005. During 1991-2005 night CPH exceeded daylight CPH in all years except one, and night CPH was more than twice daylight CPH in 10 years during this period. 6. The best <i>a priori</i> model had two periods, with a break between 1990 and 1991, corresponding to 3 years after the dreissenid invasion. Similarly, the best two- and three-period <i>a posteriori</i> models both had breaks between 1990 and 1991. The results supported our hypothesis that age-0 yellow perch exhibited a transition to lower catchability during daylight compared to night, and the timing of the transition coincided with the establishment of dreissenid mussels. 7. The most plausible mechanism for our results was increased visibility of the trawl during daylight, resulting in increased avoidance of the trawl. These results have potential applications wherever non-native mussels have increased water clarity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02186.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Stapanian, M.A., Kocovsky, P., and Adams, J.V., 2009, Change in diel catchability of young-of-year yellow perch associated with establishment of dreissenid mussels: Freshwater Biology, v. 54, no. 8, p. 1593-1604, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02186.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1593","endPage":"1604","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217626,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02186.x"}],"volume":"54","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f400e4b0c8380cd4ba9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stapanian, Martin A. 0000-0001-8173-4273 mstapanian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-4273","contributorId":3425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"Martin","email":"mstapanian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kocovsky, Patrick M.","contributorId":89381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"Patrick M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037184,"text":"70037184 - 2009 - Geodetically inferred coseismic and postseismic slip due to the M 5.4 31 October 2007 Alum Rock earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-10T09:17:27","indexId":"70037184","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geodetically inferred coseismic and postseismic slip due to the M 5.4 31 October 2007 Alum Rock earthquake","docAbstract":"<p>On 31 October 2007 the M 5.4 Alum Rock earthquake occurred near the junction between the Hayward and Calaveras faults in the San Francisco Bay Area, producing coseismic and postseismic displacements recorded by 10 continuously operating Global Positioning System (GPS) instruments. The cumulative postseismic displacements over the four months following the earthquake are linearly related to the cumulative number of aftershocks and are comparable in magnitude to the coseis mic displacements. The postseismic signal suggests that, in addition to afterslip at seismogenic depths, localized right-lateral/reverse slip occurred on dipping shallow fault surfaces southwest of the Calaveras. The spatial distribution of slip inferred by inverting the GPS data is compatible with a model in which moderate Calaveras fault earthquakes rupture locked patches surrounded by areas of creep, afterslip, and microseismicity (Oppenheimer et al., 1990). If this model and existing Calaveras fault slip rate estimates are correct, a slip deficit remains on the 2007 Alum Rock rupture patch that may be made up by aseismic slip or slip in larger earthquakes. Recent studies (e.g., Manaker et al., 2005) suggest that at depth the Hayward and central Calaveras faults connect via a simple continuous surface illuminated by the Mission Seismic Trend (MST), implying that a damaging earthquake rupture could involve both faults (Graymer et al., 2008). If this geometry is correct, the combined coseismic and postseismic slip we infer for the 2007 Alum Rock event predicts static Coulomb stress increases of ???0:6 bar on the MST surface and on the northern Calaveras fault ???5 km northwest of the Alum Rock hypocenter.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120090017","usgsCitation":"Murray-Moraleda, J., and Simpson, R., 2009, Geodetically inferred coseismic and postseismic slip due to the M 5.4 31 October 2007 Alum Rock earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 5, p. 2784-2800, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120090017.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2784","endPage":"2800","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476279,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1235791","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217195,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120090017"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Calaveras Fault, Hayward Fault, San Francisco","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.14300537109374,\n              37.37888785004527\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.14300537109374,\n              38.244651696093634\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.47583007812501,\n              38.244651696093634\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.47583007812501,\n              37.37888785004527\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.14300537109374,\n              37.37888785004527\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"99","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1740e4b0c8380cd5544e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray-Moraleda, J. R.","contributorId":37991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray-Moraleda","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simpson, R.W.","contributorId":76738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037185,"text":"70037185 - 2009 - Interannual variation of carbon fluxes from three contrasting evergreen forests: The role of forest dynamics and climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T15:24:14","indexId":"70037185","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interannual variation of carbon fluxes from three contrasting evergreen forests: The role of forest dynamics and climate","docAbstract":"Interannual variation of carbon fluxes can be attributed to a number of biotic and abiotic controls that operate at different spatial and temporal scales. Type and frequency of disturbance, forest dynamics, and climate regimes are important sources of variability. Assessing the variability of carbon fluxes from these specific sources can enhance the interpretation of past and current observations. Being able to separate the variability caused by forest dynamics from that induced by climate will also give us the ability to determine if the current observed carbon fluxes are within an expected range or whether the ecosystem is undergoing unexpected change. Sources of interannual variation in ecosystem carbon fluxes from three evergreen ecosystems, a tropical, a temperate coniferous, and a boreal forest, were explored using the simulation model STANDCARB. We identified key processes that introduced variation in annual fluxes, but their relative importance differed among the ecosystems studied. In the tropical site, intrinsic forest dynamics contributed ?? 30% of the total variation in annual carbon fluxes. In the temperate and boreal sites, where many forest processes occur over longer temporal scales than those at the tropical site, climate controlled more of the variation among annual fluxes. These results suggest that climate-related variability affects the rates of carbon exchange differently among sites. Simulations in which temperature, precipitation, and radiation varied from year to year (based on historical records of climate variation) had less net carbon stores than simulations in which these variables were held constant (based on historical records of monthly average climate), a result caused by the functional relationship between temperature and respiration. This suggests that, under a more variable temperature regime, large respiratory pulses may become more frequent and high enough to cause a reduction in ecosystem carbon stores. Our results also show that the variation of annual carbon fluxes poses an important challenge in our ability to determine whether an ecosystem is a source, a sink, or is neutral in regard to CO<sub>2</sub> at longer timescales. In simulations where climate change negatively affected ecosystem carbon stores, there was a 20% chance of committing Type II error, even with 20 years of sequential data. ?? 2009 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/08-0073.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Sierra, C., Loescher, H., Harmon, M.E., Richardson, A., Hollinger, D., and Perakis, S., 2009, Interannual variation of carbon fluxes from three contrasting evergreen forests: The role of forest dynamics and climate: Ecology, v. 90, no. 10, p. 2711-2723, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0073.1.","startPage":"2711","endPage":"2723","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217196,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-0073.1"}],"volume":"90","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ceae4b0c8380cd63149","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sierra, C.A.","contributorId":80908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sierra","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loescher, H.W.","contributorId":68966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loescher","given":"H.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harmon, M. E.","contributorId":80452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harmon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richardson, A.D.","contributorId":10629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hollinger, D.Y.","contributorId":86567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollinger","given":"D.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Perakis, S.S.","contributorId":82039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037186,"text":"70037186 - 2009 - Geographic relatedness and predictability of Escherichia coli along a peninsular beach complex of Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037186","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic relatedness and predictability of Escherichia coli along a peninsular beach complex of Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"To determine more accurately the real-time concentration of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in beach water, predictive modeling has been applied in several locations around the Great Lakes to individual or small groups of similar beaches. Using 24 beaches in Door County, Wisconsin, we attempted to expand predictive models to multiple beaches of complex geography. We examined the importance of geographic location and independent variables and the consequential limitations for potential beach or beach group models. An analysis of Escherichia coli populations over 4 yr revealed a geographic gradient to the beaches, with mean E. coli concentrations decreasing with increasing distance from the city of Sturgeon Bay. Beaches grouped strongly by water type (lake, bay, Sturgeon Bay) and proximity to one another, followed by presence of a storm or creek outfall or amount of shoreline enclosure. Predictive models developed for beach groups commonly included wave height and cumulative 48-h rainfall but generally explained little E. coli variation (adj. R<sup>2</sup> = 0.19-0.36). Generally low concentrations of E. coli at the beaches influenced the effectiveness of model results presumably because of low signal-to-noise ratios and the rarity of elevated concentrations. Our results highlight the importance of the sensitivity of regressors and the need for careful methods evaluation. Despite the attractiveness of predictive models as an alternative beach monitoring approach, it is likely that FIB fluctuations at some beaches defy simple prediction approaches. Regional, multi-beach, and individual beach predictive models should be explored alongside other techniques for improving monitoring reliability at Great Lakes beaches. Copyright ?? 2009 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2009.0008","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Nevers, M., Shively, D., Kleinheinz, G., McDermott, C., Schuster, W., Chomeau, V., and Whitman, R., 2009, Geographic relatedness and predictability of Escherichia coli along a peninsular beach complex of Lake Michigan: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2357-2364, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2009.0008.","startPage":"2357","endPage":"2364","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217222,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2009.0008"},{"id":245149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1780e4b0c8380cd55511","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nevers, M.B.","contributorId":13787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shively, D.A.","contributorId":78123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kleinheinz, G.T.","contributorId":11021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleinheinz","given":"G.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDermott, C.M.","contributorId":59643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDermott","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schuster, W.","contributorId":59656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chomeau, V.","contributorId":45145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chomeau","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Whitman, R.L.","contributorId":69750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035935,"text":"70035935 - 2009 - Potential habitat distribution for the freshwater diatom Didymosphenia geminata in the continental US","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035935","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential habitat distribution for the freshwater diatom Didymosphenia geminata in the continental US","docAbstract":"The diatom Didymosphenia geminata is a single-celled alga found in lakes, streams, and rivers. Nuisance blooms of D geminata affect the diversity, abundance, and productivity of other aquatic organisms. Because D geminata can be transported by humans on waders and other gear, accurate spatial prediction of habitat suitability is urgently needed for early detection and rapid response, as well as for evaluation of monitoring and control programs. We compared four modeling methods to predict D geminata's habitat distribution; two methods use presence-absence data (logistic regression and classification and regression tree [CART]), and two involve presence data (maximum entropy model [Maxent] and genetic algorithm for rule-set production [GARP]). Using these methods, we evaluated spatially explicit, bioclimatic and environmental variables as predictors of diatom distribution. The Maxent model provided the most accurate predictions, followed by logistic regression, CART, and GARP. The most suitable habitats were predicted to occur in the western US, in relatively cool sites, and at high elevations with a high base-flow index. The results provide insights into the factors that affect the distribution of D geminata and a spatial basis for the prediction of nuisance blooms. ?? The Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/080054","issn":"15409295","usgsCitation":"Kumar, S., Spaulding, S., Stohlgren, T., Hermann, K., Schmidt, T., and Bahls, L., 2009, Potential habitat distribution for the freshwater diatom Didymosphenia geminata in the continental US: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 7, no. 8, p. 415-420, https://doi.org/10.1890/080054.","startPage":"415","endPage":"420","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216501,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/080054"},{"id":244376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7f29e4b0c8380cd7a96e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kumar, S.","contributorId":89843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spaulding, S. A. 0000-0002-9787-7743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9787-7743","contributorId":74390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaulding","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hermann, K.A.","contributorId":49207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hermann","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmidt, T.S.","contributorId":65175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bahls, L.L.","contributorId":36208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bahls","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034690,"text":"70034690 - 2009 - Sources of uncertainty in flood inundation maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-08T15:42:25","indexId":"70034690","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2289,"text":"Journal of Flood Risk Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of uncertainty in flood inundation maps","docAbstract":"Flood inundation maps typically have been used to depict inundated areas for floods having specific exceedance levels. The uncertainty associated with the inundation boundaries is seldom quantified, in part, because all of the sources of uncertainty are not recognized and because data available to quantify uncertainty seldom are available. Sources of uncertainty discussed in this paper include hydrologic data used for hydraulic model development and validation, topographic data, and the hydraulic model. The assumption of steady flow, which typically is made to produce inundation maps, has less of an effect on predicted inundation at lower flows than for higher flows because more time typically is required to inundate areas at high flows than at low flows. Difficulties with establishing reasonable cross sections that do not intersect and that represent water-surface slopes in tributaries contribute additional uncertainties in the hydraulic modelling. As a result, uncertainty in the flood inundation polygons simulated with a one-dimensional model increases with distance from the main channel.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Flood Risk Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England","doi":"10.1111/j.1753-318X.2009.01029.x","usgsCitation":"Bales, J., and Wagner, C.R., 2009, Sources of uncertainty in flood inundation maps: Journal of Flood Risk Management, v. 2, no. 2, p. 139-147, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-318X.2009.01029.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"147","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476446,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-318x.2009.01029.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215601,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-318X.2009.01029.x"},{"id":243415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9397e4b08c986b31a59d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, J. D.","contributorId":21569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, C. R.","contributorId":102881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035944,"text":"70035944 - 2009 - Geomagnetic observations on tristan da cunha, south atlantic ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T20:30:51","indexId":"70035944","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":793,"text":"Annals of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomagnetic observations on tristan da cunha, south atlantic ocean","docAbstract":"Few geomagnetic ground observations exist of the Earth's strongest core field anomaly, the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA). The geomagnetic repeat station on the island Tristan da Cunha, located half-way between South Africa and South America at 37?? 05' S, 12?? 18' W, is therefore of crucial importance. We have conducted several sets of repeat station measurements during magnetically quiet conditions (Kp 2o or less) in 2004. The procedures are described and the results are compared to those from earlier campaigns and to the predictions of various global field models. Features of the local crustal bias field and the solar quiet daily variation are discussed. We also evaluate the benefit of continuous magnetic field recordings from Tristan da Cunha, and argue that such a data set is a very valuable addition to geomagnetic satellite data. Recently, funds were set up to establish and operate a magnetometer station on Tristan da Cunha during the Swarm magnetic satellite mission (2011-2014).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annals of Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.4401/ag-4633","issn":"15935213","usgsCitation":"Matzka, J., Olsen, N., Maule, C., Pedersen, L., Berarducci, A., and Macmillan, S., 2009, Geomagnetic observations on tristan da cunha, south atlantic ocean: Annals of Geophysics, v. 52, no. 1, p. 97-105, https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-4633.","startPage":"97","endPage":"105","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487806,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-4633","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269202,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4401/ag-4633"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a275ae4b0c8380cd597df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matzka, J.","contributorId":11849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matzka","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, N.","contributorId":26903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maule, C.F.","contributorId":31226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pedersen, L.W.","contributorId":33551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedersen","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Berarducci, A.M.","contributorId":86993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berarducci","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Macmillan, S.","contributorId":18522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macmillan","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035804,"text":"70035804 - 2009 - Regional three-dimensional seismic velocity model of the crust and uppermost mantle of northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035804","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional three-dimensional seismic velocity model of the crust and uppermost mantle of northern California","docAbstract":"We present a three-dimensional (3D) tomographic model of the P wave velocity (Vp) structure of northern California. We employed a regional-scale double-difference tomography algorithm that incorporates a finite-difference travel time calculator and spatial smoothing constraints. Arrival times from earthquakes and travel times from controlled-source explosions, recorded at network and/or temporary stations, were inverted for Vp on a 3D grid with horizontal node spacing of 10 to 20 km and vertical node spacing of 3 to 8 km. Our model provides an unprecedented, comprehensive view of the regional-scale structure of northern California, putting many previously identified features into a broader regional context and improving the resolution of a number of them and revealing a number of new features, especially in the middle and lower crust, that have never before been reported. Examples of the former include the complex subducting Gorda slab, a steep, deeply penetrating fault beneath the Sacramento River Delta, crustal low-velocity zones beneath Geysers-Clear Lake and Long Valley, and the high-velocity ophiolite body underlying the Great Valley. Examples of the latter include mid-crustal low-velocity zones beneath Mount Shasta and north of Lake Tahoe. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008JB005766","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Thurber, C., Zhang, H., Brocher, T., and Langenheim, V., 2009, Regional three-dimensional seismic velocity model of the crust and uppermost mantle of northern California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 114, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005766.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476324,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jb005766","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216319,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005766"},{"id":244182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a58fe4b0e8fec6cdbe6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurber, C.","contributorId":107046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurber","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, H.","contributorId":50311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brocher, T.","contributorId":77305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Langenheim, V. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":77706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":452506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035800,"text":"70035800 - 2009 - A robust, multisite Holocene history of drift ice off northern Iceland: Implications for North Atlantic climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035800","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1905,"text":"Holocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A robust, multisite Holocene history of drift ice off northern Iceland: Implications for North Atlantic climate","docAbstract":"An important indicator of Holocene climate change is provided by evidence for variations in the extent of drift ice. A proxy for drift ice in Iceland waters is provided by the presence of quartz. Quantitative x-ray diffraction analysis of the < 2 mm sediment fraction was undertaken on 16 cores from around Iceland. The quartz weight (wt.)% estimates from each core were integrated into 250-yr intervals between ????'0.05 and 11.7 cal. ka BP. Median quartz wt.% varied between 0.2 and 3.4 and maximum values ranged between 2.8 and 11.8 wt.%. High values were attained in the early Holocene and minimum values were reached 6 - 7 cal. ka BP. Quartz wt.% then rose steadily during the late Holocene. Our data exhibit no correlation with counts on haematite-stained quartz (HSQ) grains from VM129-191 west of Ireland casting doubt on the ice-transport origin. A pilot study on the provenance of Fe oxide grains in two cores that cover the last 1.3 and 6.1 cal. ka BP indicated a large fraction of the grains between 1 and 6 cal. ka BP were from either Icelandic or presently unsampled sources. However, there was a dramatic increase in Canadian and Russian sources from the Arctic Ocean ???1 cal. ka BP. These data may indicate the beginning of an Arctic Oscillation-like climate mode. ?? 2009 SAGE Publications.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Holocene","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1177/0959683608098953","issn":"09596836","usgsCitation":"Andrews, J.T., Darby, D., Eberle, D., Jennings, A.E., Moros, M., and Ogilvie, A., 2009, A robust, multisite Holocene history of drift ice off northern Iceland: Implications for North Atlantic climate: Holocene, v. 19, no. 1, p. 71-77, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683608098953.","startPage":"71","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476284,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_fac_pubs/285","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216283,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683608098953"},{"id":244146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e565e4b0c8380cd46d2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, John T.","contributorId":79678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Darby, D.","contributorId":24941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darby","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberle, D.","contributorId":17071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberle","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jennings, A. E.","contributorId":66682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"A.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moros, M.","contributorId":49597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moros","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ogilvie, A.","contributorId":23356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogilvie","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035946,"text":"70035946 - 2009 - A national look at carbon capture and storage-National carbon sequestration database and geographical information system (NatCarb)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035946","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A national look at carbon capture and storage-National carbon sequestration database and geographical information system (NatCarb)","docAbstract":"The US Department of Energy's Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSPs) are responsible for generating geospatial data for the maps displayed in the Carbon Sequestration Atlas of the United States and Canada. Key geospatial data (carbon sources, potential storage sites, transportation, land use, etc.) are required for the Atlas, and for efficient implementation of carbon sequestration on a national and regional scale. The National Carbon Sequestration Database and Geographical Information System (NatCarb) is a relational database and geographic information system (GIS) that integrates carbon storage data generated and maintained by the RCSPs and various other sources. The purpose of NatCarb is to provide a national view of the carbon capture and storage potential in the U.S. and Canada. The digital spatial database allows users to estimate the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> emitted by sources (such as power plants, refineries and other fossil-fuel-consuming industries) in relation to geologic formations that can provide safe, secure storage sites over long periods of time. The NatCarb project is working to provide all stakeholders with improved online tools for the display and analysis of CO<sub>2</sub> carbon capture and storage data. NatCarb is organizing and enhancing the critical information about CO<sub>2</sub> sources and developing the technology needed to access, query, model, analyze, display, and distribute natural resource data related to carbon management. Data are generated, maintained and enhanced locally at the RCSP level, or at specialized data warehouses, and assembled, accessed, and analyzed in real-time through a single geoportal. NatCarb is a functional demonstration of distributed data-management systems that cross the boundaries between institutions and geographic areas. It forms the first step toward a functioning National Carbon Cyberinfrastructure (NCCI). NatCarb provides access to first-order information to evaluate the costs, economic potential and societal issues of CO<sub>2</sub> capture and storage, including public perception and regulatory aspects. NatCarb online access has been modified to address the broad needs of a spectrum of users. NatCarb includes not only GIS and database query tools for high-end user, but simplified display for the general public using readily available web tools such as Google Earth???and Google Maps???. Not only is NatCarb connected to all the RCSPs, but data are also pulled from public servers including the U.S. Geological Survey-EROS Data Center and from the Geography Network. Data for major CO<sub>2</sub> sources have been obtained from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) databases, and data on major coal basins and coalbed methane wells were obtained from the Energy Information Administration (EIA). ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Energy Procedia","conferenceTitle":"9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, GHGT-9","conferenceDate":"16 November 2008 through 20 November 2008","conferenceLocation":"Washington DC","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.057","issn":"18766102","usgsCitation":"Carr, T., Iqbal, A., Callaghan, N., Dana-Adkins-Heljeson, Look, K., Saving, S., and Nelson, K., 2009, A national look at carbon capture and storage-National carbon sequestration database and geographical information system (NatCarb), <i>in</i> Energy Procedia, v. 1, no. 1, Washington DC, 16 November 2008 through 20 November 2008, p. 2841-2847, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.057.","startPage":"2841","endPage":"2847","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476347,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.057","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216178,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.057"},{"id":244029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e492e4b0c8380cd4672e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, T.R.","contributorId":37094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iqbal, A.","contributorId":49172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iqbal","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Callaghan, N.","contributorId":31228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callaghan","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dana-Adkins-Heljeson","contributorId":127988,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Dana-Adkins-Heljeson","id":535166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Look, K.","contributorId":74594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Look","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Saving, S.","contributorId":7937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saving","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nelson, K.","contributorId":33492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035998,"text":"70035998 - 2009 - The relative influence of geographic location and reach-scale habitat on benthic invertebrate assemblages in six ecoregions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035998","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relative influence of geographic location and reach-scale habitat on benthic invertebrate assemblages in six ecoregions","docAbstract":"The objective of this study was to determine the relative influence of reach-specific habitat variables and geographic location on benthic invertebrate assemblages within six ecoregions across the Western USA. This study included 417 sites from six ecoregions. A total of 301 taxa were collected with the highest richness associated with ecoregions dominated by streams with coarse substrate (19-29 taxa per site). Lowest richness (seven to eight taxa per site) was associated with ecoregions dominated by fine-grain substrate. Principle component analysis (PCA) on reach-scale habitat separated the six ecoregions into those in high-gradient mountainous areas (Coast Range, Cascades, and Southern Rockies) and those in lower-gradient ecoregions (Central Great Plains and Central California Valley). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) models performed best in ecoregions dominated by coarse-grain substrate and high taxa richness, along with coarse-grain substrates sites combined from multiple ecoregions regardless of location. In contrast, ecoregions or site combinations dominated by fine-grain substrate had poor model performance (high stress). Four NMS models showed that geographic location (i.e. latitude and longitude) was important for: (1) all ecoregions combined, (2) all sites dominated by coarse-grain sub strate combined, (3) Cascades Ecoregion, and (4) Columbia Ecoregion. Local factors (i.e. substrate or water temperature) seem to be overriding factors controlling invertebrate composition across the West, regardless of geographic location. ?? The Author(s) 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-008-0372-9","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Munn, M., Waite, I., Larsen, D.P., and Herlihy, A., 2009, The relative influence of geographic location and reach-scale habitat on benthic invertebrate assemblages in six ecoregions: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 154, no. 1-4, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0372-9.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487288,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0372-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216122,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0372-9"},{"id":243969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"154","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf2de4b08c986b3245e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Munn, M.D.","contributorId":77908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munn","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waite, I.R.","contributorId":41039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"I.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larsen, D. P.","contributorId":17012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herlihy, A.T.","contributorId":31168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herlihy","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035019,"text":"70035019 - 2009 - Predicting fractional bed load transport rates: Application of the Wilcock‐Crowe equations to a regulated gravel bed river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T14:11:13","indexId":"70035019","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting fractional bed load transport rates: Application of the Wilcock‐Crowe equations to a regulated gravel bed river","docAbstract":"<p><span>Bed load samples from four locations in the Trinity River of northern California are analyzed to evaluate the performance of the Wilcock‐Crowe bed load transport equations for predicting fractional bed load transport rates. Bed surface particles become smaller and the fraction of sand on the bed increases with distance downstream from Lewiston Dam. The dimensionless reference shear stress for the mean bed particle size (</span><i>τ</i><span>*</span><sub><i>rm</i></sub><span>) is largest near the dam, but varies relatively little between the more downstream locations. The relation between<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>τ</i><span>*</span><sub><i>rm</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and the reference shear stresses for other size fractions is constant across all locations. Total bed load transport rates predicted with the Wilcock‐Crowe equations are within a factor of 2 of sampled transport rates for 68% of all samples. The Wilcock‐Crowe equations nonetheless consistently under‐predict the transport of particles larger than 128 mm, frequently by more than an order of magnitude. Accurate prediction of the transport rates of the largest particles is important for models in which the evolution of the surface grain size distribution determines subsequent bed load transport rates. Values of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>τ</i><span>*</span><sub><i>rm</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>estimated from bed load samples are up to 50% larger than those predicted with the Wilcock‐Crowe equations, and sampled bed load transport approximates equal mobility across a wider range of grain sizes than is implied by the equations. Modifications to the Wilcock‐Crowe equation for determining<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>τ</i><span>*</span><sub><i>rm</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and the hiding function used to scale<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>τ</i><span>*</span><sub><i>rm</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>to other grain size fractions are proposed to achieve the best fit to observed bed load transport in the Trinity River.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR007320","usgsCitation":"Gaeuman, D., Andrews, E., Krause, A., and Smith, W., 2009, Predicting fractional bed load transport rates: Application of the Wilcock‐Crowe equations to a regulated gravel bed river: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 6, Article W06409; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007320.","productDescription":"Article W06409; 15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81b5e4b0c8380cd7b6b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaeuman, David","contributorId":59890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaeuman","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, E.D.","contributorId":13922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krause, Andreas","contributorId":138662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krause","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12483,"text":"ETH Zurich","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":448908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Wes","contributorId":74322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Wes","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035010,"text":"70035010 - 2009 - How does landscape structure influence catchment transit time across different geomorphic provinces?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:56","indexId":"70035010","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How does landscape structure influence catchment transit time across different geomorphic provinces?","docAbstract":"Despite an increasing number of empirical investigations of catchment transit times (TTs), virtually all are based on individual catchments and there are few attempts to synthesize understanding across different geographical regions. Uniquely, this paper examines data from 55 catchments in five geomorphic provinces in northern temperate regions (Scotland, United States of America and Sweden). The objective is to understand how the role of catchment topography as a control on the TTs differs in contrasting geographical settings. Catchment inverse transit time proxies (ITTPs) were inferred by a simple metric of isotopic tracer damping, using the ratio of standard deviation of ??<sup>18</sup>O in streamwater to the standard deviation of ??<sup>18</sup>O in precipitation. Quantitative landscape analysis was undertaken to characterize the catchments according to hydrologically relevant topographic indices that could be readily determined from a digital terrain model (DTM). The nature of topographic controls on transit times varied markedly in different geomorphic regions. In steeper montane regions, there are stronger gravitational influences on hydraulic gradients and TTs tend to be lower in the steepest catchments. In provinces where terrain is more subdued, direct topographic control weakened; in particular, where flatter areas with less permeable soils give rise to overland flow and lower TTs. The steeper slopes within this flatter terrain appear to have a greater coverage of freely draining soils, which increase sub-surface flow, therefore increasing TTs. Quantitative landscape analysis proved a useful tool for intercatchment comparison. However, the critical influence of sub-surface permeability and connectivity may limit the transferability of predictive tools of hydrological function based on topographic parameters alone. Copyright ?? 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7240","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Tetzlaff, D., Seibert, J., McGuire, K., Laudon, H., Burns, D.A., Dunn, S., and Soulsby, C., 2009, How does landscape structure influence catchment transit time across different geomorphic provinces?: Hydrological Processes, v. 23, no. 6, p. 945-953, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7240.","startPage":"945","endPage":"953","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215291,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7240"},{"id":243085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3249e4b0c8380cd5e6a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tetzlaff, D.","contributorId":106622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tetzlaff","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seibert, J.","contributorId":37513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seibert","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, K.J.","contributorId":88943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laudon, H.","contributorId":82444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laudon","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":29450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dunn, S.M.","contributorId":93177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunn","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Soulsby, C.","contributorId":40713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulsby","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70037163,"text":"70037163 - 2009 - Making fired bricks with spent equilibrium catalyst-a technical feasibility study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T19:14:24.131528","indexId":"70037163","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2459,"text":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Making fired bricks with spent equilibrium catalyst-a technical feasibility study","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fluid catalytic cracking in an oil refinery uses a catalyst, such as an alumino-silicate zeolite, in the conversion of heavy hydrocarbons to light hydrocarbons. A small fraction of the catalyst is continually replaced with fresh catalyst to maintain activity. In North America, more than 400 tons of spent alumino-silicate equilibrium catalyst (spent e-cat), and worldwide, more than 1,100 tons, are generated daily, most of which is disposed of in landfills (municipal and on-site facilities). In this study, three spent e-cat samples were tested in a value-added application that would utilize this waste in the manufacturing of fired bricks. The results of this study indicate that spent e-cat is a technically feasible raw material substitute for the clay and shale commonly used in fired brick production. Fired bricks produced with up to 30 wt% of spent e-cat showed good physical appearance and their water absorption properties met the ASTM C 62 specifications for building bricks of either the moderate- or severe-weathering grade.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","doi":"10.5276/JSWTM.2009.200","issn":"10881697","usgsCitation":"Chou, M., Chen, L., Lai, Y., and Chou, S., 2009, Making fired bricks with spent equilibrium catalyst-a technical feasibility study: Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management, v. 35, no. 4, p. 200-208, https://doi.org/10.5276/JSWTM.2009.200.","productDescription":"9  p.","startPage":"200","endPage":"208","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":384098,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c37e4b0c8380cd69abf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, M.-L.","contributorId":54440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"M.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, L.-M.","contributorId":18602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"L.-M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lai, Y.-C.","contributorId":101121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lai","given":"Y.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chou, S.-F.","contributorId":69819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"S.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036722,"text":"70036722 - 2009 - Effects of sampling interval on spatial patterns and statistics of watershed nitrogen concentration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70036722","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1722,"text":"GIScience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of sampling interval on spatial patterns and statistics of watershed nitrogen concentration","docAbstract":"This study investigates how spatial patterns and statistics of a 30 m resolution, model-simulated, watershed nitrogen concentration surface change with sampling intervals from 30 m to 600 m for every 30 m increase for the Little River Watershed (Georgia, USA). The results indicate that the mean, standard deviation, and variogram sills do not have consistent trends with increasing sampling intervals, whereas the variogram ranges remain constant. A sampling interval smaller than or equal to 90 m is necessary to build a representative variogram. The interpolation accuracy, clustering level, and total hot spot areas show decreasing trends approximating a logarithmic function. The trends correspond to the nitrogen variogram and start to level at a sampling interval of 360 m, which is therefore regarded as a critical spatial scale of the Little River Watershed. Copyright ?? 2009 by Bellwether Publishing, Ltd. All right reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GIScience and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2747/1548-1603.46.2.172","issn":"15481603","usgsCitation":"Wu, S., Usery, E., Finn, M., and Bosch, D., 2009, Effects of sampling interval on spatial patterns and statistics of watershed nitrogen concentration: GIScience and Remote Sensing, v. 46, no. 2, p. 172-186, https://doi.org/10.2747/1548-1603.46.2.172.","startPage":"172","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476142,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2747/1548-1603.46.2.172","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217851,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2747/1548-1603.46.2.172"},{"id":245823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07bde4b0c8380cd517e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, S.-S.D.","contributorId":105567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"S.-S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Usery, E.L.","contributorId":45355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finn, M.P.","contributorId":73246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bosch, D.D.","contributorId":10223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bosch","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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