{"pageNumber":"867","pageRowStart":"21650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70035075,"text":"70035075 - 2009 - Environmental and climatic variables as potential drivers of post-fire cover of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) in seeded and unseeded semiarid ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70035075","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental and climatic variables as potential drivers of post-fire cover of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) in seeded and unseeded semiarid ecosystems","docAbstract":"Cheatgrass, a non-native annual grass, dominates millions of hectares in semiarid ecosystems of the Intermountain West (USA). Post-fire invasions can reduce native species diversity and alter ecological processes. To curb cheatgrass invasion, land managers often seed recently burned areas with perennial competitor species. We sampled vegetation within burned (19 years post-fire) and nearby unburned (representing pre-fire) pionjuniper (Pinus edulisJuniperus osteosperma) woodland and sagebrush (Artemisia sp.) in western Colorado to analyze variables that might explain cheatgrass cover after fire. A multiple regression model suggests higher cheatgrass cover after fire with: (1) sagebrush v. pionjuniper; (2) higher pre-fire cover of annual forbs; (3) increased time since fire; (4) lower pre-fire cover of biological soil crust; and (5) lower precipitation the year before fire. Time since fire, which coincided with higher precipitation, accounts for most of the variability in cheatgrass cover. No significant difference was found in mean cheatgrass cover between seeded and unseeded plots over time. However, negative relationships with pre-fire biological soil crust cover and native species richness suggest livestock-degraded areas are more susceptible to post-fire invasion. Proactive strategies for combating cheatgrass should include finding effective native competitors and restoring livestock-degraded areas. ?? 2009 IAWF.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1071/WF07043","issn":"10498001","usgsCitation":"Shinneman, D., and Baker, W., 2009, Environmental and climatic variables as potential drivers of post-fire cover of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) in seeded and unseeded semiarid ecosystems: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 18, no. 2, p. 191-202, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF07043.","startPage":"191","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215326,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF07043"},{"id":243121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a099be4b0c8380cd51fb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shinneman, D.J.","contributorId":71015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinneman","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, W.L.","contributorId":89471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035067,"text":"70035067 - 2009 - Seasonal source-sink dynamics at the edge of a species' range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035067","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal source-sink dynamics at the edge of a species' range","docAbstract":"The roles of dispersal and population dynamics in determining species' range boundaries recently have received theoretical attention but little empirical work. Here we provide data on survival, reproduction, and movement for a Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) population at a local distributional edge in central Massachusetts (USA). Most juvenile females that apparently exploited anthropogenic resources survived their first winter, whereas those using adjacent natural resources died of starvation. In spring, adult females recolonized natural areas. A life-table model suggests that a population exploiting anthropogenic resources may grow, acting as source to a geographically interlaced sink of opossums using only natural resources, and also providing emigrants for further range expansion to new human-dominated landscapes. In a geographical model, this source-sink dynamic is consistent with the local distribution identified through road-kill surveys. The Virginia opossum's exploitation of human resources likely ameliorates energetically restrictive winters and may explain both their local distribution and their northward expansion in unsuitable natural climatic regimes. Landscape heterogeneity, such as created by urbanization, may result in source-sink dynamics at highly localized scales. Differential fitness and individual dispersal movements within local populations are key to generating regional distributions, and thus species ranges, that exceed expectations. ?? 2009 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/08-1263.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Kanda, L., Fuller, T., Sievert, P., and Kellogg, R., 2009, Seasonal source-sink dynamics at the edge of a species' range: Ecology, v. 90, no. 6, p. 1574-1585, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1263.1.","startPage":"1574","endPage":"1585","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215177,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-1263.1"}],"volume":"90","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88d8e4b08c986b316bd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kanda, L.L.","contributorId":74978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanda","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, T.K.","contributorId":98252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sievert, P.R.","contributorId":104858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sievert","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kellogg, R.L.","contributorId":74080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035065,"text":"70035065 - 2009 - CHRONOS architecture: Experiences with an open-source services-oriented architecture for geoinformatics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035065","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"CHRONOS architecture: Experiences with an open-source services-oriented architecture for geoinformatics","docAbstract":"CHRONOS's purpose is to transform Earth history research by seamlessly integrating stratigraphic databases and tools into a virtual on-line stratigraphic record. In this paper, we describe the various components of CHRONOS's distributed data system, including the encoding of semantic and descriptive data into a service-based architecture. We give examples of how we have integrated well-tested resources available from the open-source and geoinformatic communities, like the GeoSciML schema and the simple knowledge organization system (SKOS), into the services-oriented architecture to encode timescale and phylogenetic synonymy data. We also describe on-going efforts to use geospatially enhanced data syndication and informally including semantic information by embedding it directly into the XHTML Document Object Model (DOM). XHTML DOM allows machine-discoverable descriptive data such as licensing and citation information to be incorporated directly into data sets retrieved by users. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.035","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Fils, D., Cervato, C., Reed, J., Diver, P., Tang, X., Bohling, G., and Greer, D., 2009, CHRONOS architecture: Experiences with an open-source services-oriented architecture for geoinformatics: Computers & Geosciences, v. 35, no. 4, p. 774-782, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.035.","startPage":"774","endPage":"782","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215145,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.035"},{"id":242923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2cfe4b0c8380cd4b3b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fils, D.","contributorId":91318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fils","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cervato, C.","contributorId":70201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cervato","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, J.","contributorId":98966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reed","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Diver, P.","contributorId":23779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diver","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tang, X.","contributorId":43082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bohling, G.","contributorId":60789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohling","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Greer, D.","contributorId":84997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greer","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035064,"text":"70035064 - 2009 - V<sub>P</sub> Structure of Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA, imaged with local earthquake tomography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035064","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"V<sub>P</sub> Structure of Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA, imaged with local earthquake tomography","docAbstract":"We present a new P-wave velocity model for Mount St. Helens using local earthquake data recorded by the Pacific Northwest Seismograph Stations and Cascades Volcano Observatory since the 18 May 1980 eruption. These data were augmented with records from a dense array of 19 temporary stations deployed during the second half of 2005. Because the distribution of earthquakes in the study area is concentrated beneath the volcano and within two nearly linear trends, we used a graded inversion scheme to compute a coarse-grid model that focused on the regional structure, followed by a fine-grid inversion to improve spatial resolution directly beneath the volcanic edifice. The coarse-grid model results are largely consistent with earlier geophysical studies of the area; we find high-velocity anomalies NW and NE of the edifice that correspond with igneous intrusions and a prominent low-velocity zone NNW of the edifice that corresponds with the linear zone of high seismicity known as the St. Helens Seismic Zone. This low-velocity zone may continue past Mount St. Helens to the south at depths below 5??km. Directly beneath the edifice, the fine-grid model images a low-velocity zone between about 2 and 3.5??km below sea level that may correspond to a shallow magma storage zone. And although the model resolution is poor below about 6??km, we found low velocities that correspond with the aseismic zone between about 5.5 and 8??km that has previously been modeled as the location of a large magma storage volume. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.02.009","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Waite, G., and Moran, S., 2009, V<sub>P</sub> Structure of Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA, imaged with local earthquake tomography: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 182, no. 1-2, p. 113-122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.02.009.","startPage":"113","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215144,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.02.009"},{"id":242922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"182","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0e3e4b08c986b32a394","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, G.P.","contributorId":82121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, S.C. 0000-0001-7308-9649","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-9649","contributorId":78896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"S.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035051,"text":"70035051 - 2009 - Testing the importance of auditory detections in avian point counts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:56","indexId":"70035051","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing the importance of auditory detections in avian point counts","docAbstract":"Recent advances in the methods used to estimate detection probability during point counts suggest that the detection process is shaped by the types of cues available to observers. For example, models of the detection process based on distance-sampling or time-of-detection methods may yield different results for auditory versus visual cues because of differences in the factors that affect the transmission of these cues from a bird to an observer or differences in an observer's ability to localize cues. Previous studies suggest that auditory detections predominate in forested habitats, but it is not clear how often observers hear birds prior to detecting them visually. We hypothesized that auditory cues might be even more important than previously reported, so we conducted an experiment in a forested habitat in North Carolina that allowed us to better separate auditory and visual detections. Three teams of three observers each performed simultaneous 3-min unlimited-radius point counts at 30 points in a mixed-hardwood forest. One team member could see, but not hear birds, one could hear, but not see, and the third was nonhandicapped. Of the total number of birds detected, 2.9% were detected by deafened observers, 75.1% by blinded observers, and 78.2% by nonhandicapped observers. Detections by blinded and nonhandicapped observers were the same only 54% of the time. Our results suggest that the detection of birds in forest habitats is almost entirely by auditory cues. Because many factors affect the probability that observers will detect auditory cues, the accuracy and precision of avian point count estimates are likely lower than assumed by most field ornithologists. ?? 2009 Association of Field Ornithologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00220.x","issn":"02738570","usgsCitation":"Brewster, J., and Simons, T., 2009, Testing the importance of auditory detections in avian point counts: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 80, no. 2, p. 178-182, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00220.x.","startPage":"178","endPage":"182","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215387,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00220.x"},{"id":243186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5d5e4b08c986b320cf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brewster, J.P.","contributorId":38801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewster","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simons, T.R.","contributorId":56334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035046,"text":"70035046 - 2009 - A prelanding assessment of the ice table depth and ground ice characteristics in Martian permafrost at the Phoenix landing site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-18T13:03:52","indexId":"70035046","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A prelanding assessment of the ice table depth and ground ice characteristics in Martian permafrost at the Phoenix landing site","docAbstract":"<p>We review multiple estimates of the ice table depth at potential Phoenix landing sites and consider the possible state and distribution of subsurface ice. A two-layer model of ice-rich material overlain by ice-free material is consistent with both the observational and theoretical lines of evidence. Results indicate ground ice to be shallow and ubiquitous, 2-6 cm below the surface. Undulations in the ice table depth are expected because of the thermodynamic effects of rocks, slopes, and soil variations on the scale of the Phoenix Lander and within the digging area, which can be advantageous for analysis of both dry surficial soils and buried ice-rich materials. The ground ice at the ice table to be sampled by the Phoenix Lander is expected to be geologically young because of recent climate oscillations. However, estimates of the ratio of soil to ice in the ice-rich subsurface layer suggest that that the ice content exceeds the available pore space, which is difficult to reconcile with existing ground ice stability and dynamics models. These high concentrations of ice may be the result of either the burial of surface snow during times of higher obliquity, initially high-porosity soils, or the migration of water along thin films. Measurement of the D/H ratio within the ice at the ice table and of the soil-to-ice ratio, as well as imaging ice-soil textures, will help determine if the ice is indeed young and if the models of the effects of climate change on the ground ice are reasonable.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2007JE003067","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Mellon, M.T., Boynton, W.V., Feldman, W.C., Arvidson, R.E., Titus, T.N., Bandfield, J.L., Putzig, N.E., and Sizemore, H., 2009, A prelanding assessment of the ice table depth and ground ice characteristics in Martian permafrost at the Phoenix landing site: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 114, no. 3, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JE003067.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476327,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007je003067","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"114","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4ebe4b0c8380cd46a18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mellon, Michael T.","contributorId":8603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mellon","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7037,"text":"Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":449029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boynton, William V.","contributorId":213347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boynton","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feldman, William C.","contributorId":61733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feldman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arvidson, Raymond E.","contributorId":106626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arvidson","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bandfield, Joshua L.","contributorId":140356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bandfield","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13469,"text":"Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colorado, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":449025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Putzig, Nathaniel E. 0000-0003-4485-6321","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4485-6321","contributorId":208684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putzig","given":"Nathaniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13179,"text":"Planetary Science Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":449028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sizemore, H.G.","contributorId":86195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sizemore","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13179,"text":"Planetary Science Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":449030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70035045,"text":"70035045 - 2009 - Seasonal movements and Home-range use by female pronghorns in sagebrush-steppe communities of western South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T16:05:17","indexId":"70035045","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal movements and Home-range use by female pronghorns in sagebrush-steppe communities of western South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p><span>Knowledge of seasonal movements by pronghorns (</span><i>Antilocapra americana</i><span>) within the easternmost extension of sagebrush-steppe communities is limited. Current hypotheses regarding movement patterns suggest that pronghorns initiate seasonal movements in response to severe winter weather, snowfall patterns, spatial and temporal variation in forage abundance, and availability of water. From January 2002 to August 2005, we monitored movements of 76 adult (≥1.5 years) female pronghorns on 2 study areas (Harding and Fall River counties) in western South Dakota. We collected 8,750 visual locations, calculated 204 home ranges, and documented 17 seasonal movements. Eighty-four percent (</span><i>n</i><span> = 55) of pronghorns were nonmigratory and 10% (</span><i>n</i><span> = 6) were conditional migrators. Mean distance between summer and winter range was 23.1 km (</span><i>SE</i><span> = 2.8 km, </span><i>n</i><span> = 13). Five adult pronghorns (8%) dispersed a mean distance of 37.6 km (</span><i>SE</i><span> = 12.4 km); of which 1 female moved a straight-line distance of 75.0 km. Winter and summer home-range size varied (</span><i>P</i><span> &lt; 0.0001) between study sites. Mean 95% adaptive kernel winter and summer home-range size of pronghorns was 55.5 and 19.7 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>, respectively, in Harding County and 127.2 and 65.9 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>, respectively, in Fall River County. Nonmigratory behavior exhibited by pronghorns was likely associated with minimal snow cover and moderate temperatures during winter 2002–2004. Variation in size of adult seasonal home ranges between sites was likely associated with differences in forage distribution and availability between regions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1644/07-MAMM-A-395.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Jacques, C., Jenks, J., and Klaver, R., 2009, Seasonal movements and Home-range use by female pronghorns in sagebrush-steppe communities of western South Dakota: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 90, no. 2, p. 433-441, https://doi.org/10.1644/07-MAMM-A-395.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"433","endPage":"441","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476387,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/07-mamm-a-395.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215323,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/07-MAMM-A-395.1"}],"volume":"90","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88c0e4b08c986b316b4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacques, C.N.","contributorId":19378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacques","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenks, J.A.","contributorId":31726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenks","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klaver, R. W. 0000-0002-3263-9701","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":50267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035043,"text":"70035043 - 2009 - Regression models for explaining and predicting concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in fish from streams in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T15:53:47","indexId":"70035043","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regression models for explaining and predicting concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in fish from streams in the United States","docAbstract":"<p>Empirical regression models were developed for estimating concentrations of dieldrin, total chlordane, and total DDT in whole fish from U.S. streams. Models were based on pesticide concentrations measured in whole fish at 648 stream sites nationwide (1992-2001) as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program. Explanatory variables included fish lipid content, estimates (or surrogates) representing historical agricultural and urban sources, watershed characteristics, and geographic location. Models were developed using Tobit regression methods appropriate for data with censoring. Typically, the models explain approximately 50 to 70% of the variability in pesticide concentrations measured in whole fish. The models were used to predict pesticide concentrations in whole fish for streams nationwide using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's River Reach File 1 and to estimate the probability that whole-fish concentrations exceed benchmarks for protection of fish-eating wildlife. Predicted concentrations were highest for dieldrin in the Corn Belt, Texas, and scattered urban areas; for total chlordane in the Corn Belt, Texas, the Southeast, and urbanized Northeast; and for total DDT in the Southeast, Texas, California, and urban areas nationwide. The probability of exceeding wildlife benchmarks for dieldrin and chlordane was predicted to be low for most U.S. streams. The probability of exceeding wildlife benchmarks for total DDT is higher but varies depending on the fish taxon and on the benchmark used. Because the models in the present study are based on fish data collected during the 1990s and organochlorine pesticide residues in the environment continue to decline decades after their uses were discontinued, these models may overestimate present-day pesticide concentrations in fish. ?? 2009 SETAC.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/08-508.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Nowell, L.H., Crawford, C.G., Gilliom, R.J., Nakagaki, N., Stone, W.W., Thelin, G., and Wolock, D.M., 2009, Regression models for explaining and predicting concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in fish from streams in the United States: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 28, no. 6, p. 1346-1358, https://doi.org/10.1897/08-508.1.","startPage":"1346","endPage":"1358","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215292,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/08-508.1"}],"volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a5d1e4b0e8fec6cdc012","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nowell, Lisa H. 0000-0001-5417-7264 lhnowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5417-7264","contributorId":490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowell","given":"Lisa","email":"lhnowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nakagaki, Naomi 0000-0003-3653-0540 nakagaki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3653-0540","contributorId":1067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakagaki","given":"Naomi","email":"nakagaki@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stone, Wesley W. 0000-0003-0239-2063 wwstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-2063","contributorId":1496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Wesley","email":"wwstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thelin, Gail gpthelin@usgs.gov","contributorId":1065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thelin","given":"Gail","email":"gpthelin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":449015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70032872,"text":"70032872 - 2009 - Integrated treatment process using a natural Wyoming clinoptilolite for remediating produced waters from coalbed natural gas operations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70032872","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":828,"text":"Applied Clay Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated treatment process using a natural Wyoming clinoptilolite for remediating produced waters from coalbed natural gas operations","docAbstract":"Coalbed natural gas (CBNG) development in western U.S. states has resulted in an increase in an essential energy resource, but has also resulted in environmental impacts and additional regulatory needs. A concern associated with CBNG development relates to the production of the copious quantities of potentially saline-sodic groundwater required to recover the natural gas, hereafter referred to as CBNG water. Management of CBNG water is a major environmental challenge because of its quantity and quality. In this study, a locally available Na-rich natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) from Wyoming (WY) was examined for its potential to treat CBNG water to remove Na+ and lower the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR, mmol1/2 L- 1/2). The zeolite material was Ca-modified before being used in column experiments. Column breakthrough studies indicated that a metric tonne (1000??kg) of Ca-WY-zeolite could be used to treat 60,000??L of CBNG water in order to lower SAR of the CBNG water from 30 to an acceptable level of 10??mmol1/2 L- 1/2. An integrated treatment process using Na-WY-zeolite for alternately treating hard water and CBNG water was also examined for its potential to treat problematic waters in the region. Based on the results of this study, use of WY-zeolite appears to be a cost-effective water treatment technology for maximizing the beneficial use of poor-quality CBNG water. Ongoing studies are evaluating water treatment techniques involving infiltration ponds lined with zeolite. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Clay Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2008.03.007","issn":"01691","usgsCitation":"Zhao, H., Vance, G., Urynowicz, M., and Gregory, R., 2009, Integrated treatment process using a natural Wyoming clinoptilolite for remediating produced waters from coalbed natural gas operations: Applied Clay Science, v. 42, no. 3-4, p. 379-385, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2008.03.007.","startPage":"379","endPage":"385","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213904,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2008.03.007"},{"id":241574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c6ee4b0c8380cd62d1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhao, H.","contributorId":82931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhao","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vance, G.F.","contributorId":95915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vance","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Urynowicz, M.A.","contributorId":62419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urynowicz","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gregory, R.W.","contributorId":105543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregory","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035042,"text":"70035042 - 2009 - Peptide synthesis in early earth hydrothermal systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035042","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":912,"text":"Astrobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Peptide synthesis in early earth hydrothermal systems","docAbstract":"We report here results from experiments and thermodynamic calculations that demonstrate a rapid, temperature-enhanced synthesis of oligopeptides from the condensation of aqueous glycine. Experiments were conducted in custom-made hydrothermal reactors, and organic compounds were characterized with ultraviolet-visible procedures. A comparison of peptide yields at 260??C with those obtained at more moderate temperatures (160??C) gives evidence of a significant (13 kJ ?? mol<sup>-1</sup>) exergonic shift. In contrast to previous hydrothermal studies, we demonstrate that peptide synthesis is favored in hydrothermal fluids and that rates of peptide hydrolysis are controlled by the stability of the parent amino acid, with a critical dependence on reactor surface composition. From our study, we predict that rapid recycling of product peptides from cool into near-supercritical fluids in mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems will enhance peptide chain elongation. It is anticipated that the abundant hydrothermal systems on early Earth could have provided a substantial source of biomolecules required for the origin of life. Astrobiology 9, 141-146. ?? 2009 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Astrobiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1089/ast.2008.0166","issn":"15311074","usgsCitation":"Lemke, K., Rosenbauer, R., and Bird, D., 2009, Peptide synthesis in early earth hydrothermal systems: Astrobiology, v. 9, no. 2, p. 141-146, https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2008.0166.","startPage":"141","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215267,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ast.2008.0166"},{"id":243057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a765fe4b0c8380cd78094","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemke, K.H.","contributorId":28091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemke","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbauer, R.J.","contributorId":37320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bird, D.K.","contributorId":24934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035039,"text":"70035039 - 2009 - Using occupancy models of forest breeding birds to prioritize conservation planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035039","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using occupancy models of forest breeding birds to prioritize conservation planning","docAbstract":"As urban development continues to encroach on the natural and rural landscape, land-use planners struggle to identify high priority conservation areas for protection. Although knowing where urban-sensitive species may be occurring on the landscape would facilitate conservation planning, research efforts are often not sufficiently designed to make quality predictions at unknown locations. Recent advances in occupancy modeling allow for more precise estimates of occupancy by accounting for differences in detectability. We applied these techniques to produce robust estimates of habitat occupancy for a subset of forest breeding birds, a group that has been shown to be sensitive to urbanization, in a rapidly urbanizing yet biological diverse region of New York State. We found that detection probability ranged widely across species, from 0.05 to 0.8. Our models suggest that detection probability declined with increasing forest fragmentation. We also found that the probability of occupancy of forest breeding birds is negatively influenced by increasing perimeter-area ratio of forest fragments and urbanization in the surrounding habitat matrix. We capitalized on our random sampling design to produce spatially explicit models that predict high priority conservation areas across the entire region, where interior-species were most likely to occur. Finally, we use our predictive maps to demonstrate how a strict sampling design coupled with occupancy modeling can be a valuable tool for prioritizing biodiversity conservation in land-use planning. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2008.12.032","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"De Wan, A.A., Sullivan, P., Lembo, A., Smith, C.R., Maerz, J., Lassoie, J., and Richmond, M.E., 2009, Using occupancy models of forest breeding birds to prioritize conservation planning: Biological Conservation, v. 142, no. 5, p. 982-991, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.12.032.","startPage":"982","endPage":"991","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215235,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.12.032"},{"id":243024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"142","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc088e4b08c986b32a197","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Wan, A. A.","contributorId":32005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Wan","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sullivan, P.J.","contributorId":38762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lembo, A.J.","contributorId":71410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lembo","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, C. R.","contributorId":32876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"C.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maerz, J.C.","contributorId":18594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maerz","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lassoie, J.P.","contributorId":17442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lassoie","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Richmond, M. E.","contributorId":22729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035037,"text":"70035037 - 2009 - Earthquake stress drops and inferred fault strength on the Hayward Fault, east San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035037","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake stress drops and inferred fault strength on the Hayward Fault, east San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"We study variations in earthquake stress drop with respect to depth, faulting regime, creeping versus locked fault behavior, and wall-rock geology. We use the P-wave displacement spectra from borehole seismic recordings of M 1.0-4.2 earthquakes in the east San Francisco Bay to estimate stress drop using a stack-and-invert empirical Green's function method. The median stress drop is 8.7 MPa, and most stress drops are in the range between 0.4 and 130 MPa. An apparent correlation between stress drop and magnitude is entirely an artifact of the limited frequency band of 4-55 Hz. There is a trend of increasing stress drop with depth, with a median stress drop of ~5 MPa for 1-7 km depth, ~10 MPa for 7-13 km depth, and ~50 MPa deeper than 13 km. We use S=P amplitude ratios measured from the borehole records to better constrain the first-motion focal mechanisms. High stress drops are observed for a deep cluster of thrust-faulting earthquakes. The correlation of stress drops with depth and faulting regime implies that stress drop is related to the applied shear stress. We compare the spatial distribution of stress drops on the Hayward fault to a model of creeping versus locked behavior of the fault and find that high stress drops are concentrated around the major locked patch near Oakland. This also suggests a connection between stress drop and applied shear stress, as the locked patch may experience higher applied shear stress as a result of the difference in cumulative slip or the presence of higher-strength material. The stress drops do not directly correlate with the strength of the proposed wall-rock geology at depth, suggesting that the relationship between fault strength and the strength of the wall rock is complex.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120080242","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hardebeck, J., and Aron, A., 2009, Earthquake stress drops and inferred fault strength on the Hayward Fault, east San Francisco Bay, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 3, p. 1801-1814, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080242.","startPage":"1801","endPage":"1814","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215206,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080242"},{"id":242991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0504e4b0c8380cd50c06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardebeck, J.L.","contributorId":98862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aron, A.","contributorId":35971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aron","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034779,"text":"70034779 - 2009 - Ultrahigh resolution topographic mapping of Mars with MRO HiRISE stereo images: Meter-scale slopes of candidate Phoenix landing sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-05T16:14:39","indexId":"70034779","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ultrahigh resolution topographic mapping of Mars with MRO HiRISE stereo images: Meter-scale slopes of candidate Phoenix landing sites","docAbstract":"<p><span>The objectives of this paper are twofold: first, to report our estimates of the meter‐to‐decameter‐scale topography and slopes of candidate landing sites for the Phoenix mission, based on analysis of Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) images with a typical pixel scale of 3 m and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) images at 0.3 m pixel</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;and, second, to document in detail the geometric calibration, software, and procedures on which the photogrammetric analysis of HiRISE data is based. A combination of optical design modeling, laboratory observations, star images, and Mars images form the basis for software in the U.S. Geological Survey Integrated Software for Imagers and Spectrometers (ISIS) 3 system that corrects the images for a variety of distortions with single‐pixel or subpixel accuracy. Corrected images are analyzed in the commercial photogrammetric software SOCET SET (® BAE Systems), yielding digital topographic models (DTMs) with a grid spacing of 1 m (3–4 pixels) that require minimal interactive editing. Photoclinometry yields DTMs with single‐pixel grid spacing. Slopes from MOC and HiRISE are comparable throughout the latitude zone of interest and compare favorably with those where past missions have landed successfully; only the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) B site in Meridiani Planum is smoother. MOC results at multiple locations have root‐mean‐square (RMS) bidirectional slopes of 0.8–4.5° at baselines of 3–10 m. HiRISE stereopairs (one per final candidate site and one in the former site) yield 1.8–2.8° slopes at 1‐m baseline. Slopes at 1 m from photoclinometry are also in the range 2–3° after correction for image blur. Slopes exceeding the 16° Phoenix safety limit are extremely rare.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2007JE003000","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Kirk, R.L., Howington-Kraus, E., Rosiek, M.R., Anderson, J.A., Archinal, B.A., Becker, K.J., Cook, D., Galuszka, D.M., Geissler, P.E., Hare, T.M., Holmberg, I., Keszthelyi, L., Redding, B.L., Delamere, W., Gallagher, D., Chapel, J., Eliason, E.M., King, R., and McEwen, A.S., 2009, Ultrahigh resolution topographic mapping of Mars with MRO HiRISE stereo images: Meter-scale slopes of candidate Phoenix landing sites: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 114, no. E3, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JE003000.","productDescription":"31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487800,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007je003000","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"114","issue":"E3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbbffe4b08c986b328975","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howington-Kraus, Elpitha 0000-0001-5787-6554 ahowington@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5787-6554","contributorId":2815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howington-Kraus","given":"Elpitha","email":"ahowington@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosiek, Mark R. mrosiek@usgs.gov","contributorId":824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosiek","given":"Mark","email":"mrosiek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":447552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, Jeffery A. janderson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Jeffery","email":"janderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":447561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Archinal, Brent A. 0000-0002-6654-0742 barchinal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6654-0742","contributorId":2816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archinal","given":"Brent","email":"barchinal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Becker, Kris J. 0000-0003-1971-5957 kbecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1971-5957","contributorId":2910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Kris","email":"kbecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cook, D.A.","contributorId":30364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Galuszka, Donna M. 0000-0003-1870-1182 dgaluszka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1870-1182","contributorId":3186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galuszka","given":"Donna","email":"dgaluszka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Geissler, Paul E. pgeissler@usgs.gov","contributorId":2811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"Paul","email":"pgeissler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hare, Trent M. 0000-0001-8842-389X thare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":3188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"Trent","email":"thare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Holmberg, I.M.","contributorId":32750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmberg","given":"I.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Redding, Bonnie L. 0000-0001-8178-1467 bredding@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8178-1467","contributorId":4798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redding","given":"Bonnie","email":"bredding@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Delamere, W.A.","contributorId":57665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delamere","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Gallagher, D.","contributorId":42803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallagher","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Chapel, J.D.","contributorId":101108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapel","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Eliason, Eric M.","contributorId":21280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eliason","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"King, R.","contributorId":18827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":447551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}}
,{"id":70034765,"text":"70034765 - 2009 - Temporal response of hydraulic head, temperature, and chloride concentrations to sea-level changes, Floridan aquifer system, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:15:08","indexId":"70034765","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal response of hydraulic head, temperature, and chloride concentrations to sea-level changes, Floridan aquifer system, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Three-dimensional density-dependent flow and transport modeling of the Floridan aquifer system, USA shows that current chloride concentrations are not in equilibrium with current sea level and, second, that the geometric configuration of the aquifer has a significant effect on system responses. The modeling shows that hydraulic head equilibrates first, followed by temperatures, and then by chloride concentrations. The model was constructed using a modified version of SUTRA capable of simulating multi-species heat and solute transport, and was compared to pre-development conditions using hydraulic heads, chloride concentrations, and temperatures from 315 observation wells. Three hypothetical, sinusoidal sea-level changes occurring over 100,000&nbsp;years were used to evaluate how the simulated aquifer responds to sea-level changes. Model results show that hydraulic head responses lag behind sea-level changes only where the Miocene Hawthorn confining unit is thick and represents a significant restriction to flow. Temperatures equilibrate quickly except where the Hawthorn confining unit is thick and the duration of the sea-level event is long (exceeding 30,000&nbsp;years). Response times for chloride concentrations to equilibrate are shortest near the coastline and where the aquifer is unconfined; in contrast, chloride concentrations do not change significantly over the 100,000-year simulation period where the Hawthorn confining unit is thick.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-008-0412-0","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Hughes, J., Vacher, H.L., and Sanford, W., 2009, Temporal response of hydraulic head, temperature, and chloride concentrations to sea-level changes, Floridan aquifer system, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 17, no. 4, p. 793-815, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0412-0.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"793","endPage":"815","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215729,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0412-0"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba516e4b08c986b3207db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, J.D.","contributorId":25539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vacher, H. Leonard","contributorId":90529,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vacher","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Leonard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanford, W. E. 0000-0002-6624-0280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":102112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034763,"text":"70034763 - 2009 - Sea-level rise in New Jersey over the past 5000 years: Implications to anthropogenic changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-23T16:08:13","indexId":"70034763","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1844,"text":"Global and Planetary Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea-level rise in New Jersey over the past 5000 years: Implications to anthropogenic changes","docAbstract":"We present a mid to late Holocene sea-level record derived from drilling the New Jersey coast that shows a relatively constant rise of 1.8??mm/yr from ~ 5000 to 500 calibrated calendar years before present (yrBP). This contrasts with previous New Jersey estimates that showed only 0.5??mm/yr rise since 2000??yrBP. Comparison with other Mid-Atlantic sea-level records (Delaware to southern New England) indicates surprising uniformity considering different proximities to the peripheral bulge of the Laurentide ice sheet, with a relative rise throughout the region of ~ 1.7-1.9??mm/yr since ~ 5000??yrBP. This regional sea-level rise includes both: 1) global sea-level (eustatic) rise; and 2) far-field geoidal subsidence (estimated as ~ 0.8-1.4??mm/yr today) due to removal of the Laurentide ice sheet and water loading. Correcting for geoidal subsidence, the U.S. east coast records suggest a global sea-level (eustatic) rise of ~ 0.4-1.0??mm/yr (with a best estimate of 0.7 ?? 0.3??mm/yr) since 5000??yrBP. Comparison with other records provides a best estimate of pre-anthropogenic global sea-level rise of < 1.0??mm/yr from 5000 until ~ 200??yrBP. Tide gauge data indicate a 20th century rate of eustatic rise of 1.8??mm/yr, whereas both tide gauge and satellite data suggest an increase in the rate of rise to ~ 3.3??mm/yr from 1993-2006 AD. This indicates that the modern rise (~ 3.3??mm/yr) is significantly higher than the pre-anthropogenic rise (0.7 ?? 0.3??mm/yr). ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.03.008","issn":"09218181","usgsCitation":"Miller, K.G., Sugarman, P.J., Browning, J.V., Horton, B.P., Stanley, A., Kahn, A., Uptegrove, J., and Aucott, M., 2009, Sea-level rise in New Jersey over the past 5000 years: Implications to anthropogenic changes: Global and Planetary Change, v. 66, no. 1-2, p. 10-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.03.008.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215699,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.03.008"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.81689453125,\n              38.993572058209466\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.81689453125,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.63037109375,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.63037109375,\n              38.993572058209466\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.81689453125,\n              38.993572058209466\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b881ae4b08c986b3167df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Kenneth G.","contributorId":14260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sugarman, Peter J.","contributorId":9251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sugarman","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Browning, James V.","contributorId":22635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horton, Benjamin P.","contributorId":63641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stanley, Alissa","contributorId":26156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Alissa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kahn, Alicia","contributorId":45136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahn","given":"Alicia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Uptegrove, Jane","contributorId":35406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uptegrove","given":"Jane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Aucott, Michael","contributorId":67320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aucott","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70034749,"text":"70034749 - 2009 - Stable isotope and petrologic evidence for open-system degassing during the climactic and pre-climactic eruptions of Mt. Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-22T09:01:56","indexId":"70034749","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotope and petrologic evidence for open-system degassing during the climactic and pre-climactic eruptions of Mt. Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>Evaluation of the extent of volatile element recycling in convergent margin volcanism requires delineating likely source(s) of magmatic volatiles through stable isotopic characterization of sulfur, hydrogen and oxygen in erupted tephra with appropriate assessment of modification by degassing. The climactic eruption of Mt. Mazama ejected approximately 50&nbsp;km<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>of rhyodacitic magma into the atmosphere and resulted in formation of a 10-km diameter caldera now occupied by Crater Lake, Oregon (lat. 43°N, long. 122°W). Isotopic compositions of whole-rocks, matrix glasses and minerals from Mt. Mazama climactic, pre-climactic and postcaldera tephra were determined to identify the likely source(s) of H<sub>2</sub>O and S. Integration of stable isotopic data with petrologic data from melt inclusions has allowed for estimation of pre-eruptive dissolved volatile concentrations and placed constraints on the extent, conditions and style of degassing.</p><p>Sulfur isotope analyses of climactic rhyodacitic whole rocks yield δ<sup>34</sup>S values of 2.8–14.8‰ with corresponding matrix glass values of 2.4–13.2‰. δ<sup>34</sup>S tends to increase with stratigraphic height through climactic eruptive units, consistent with open-system degassing. Dissolved sulfur concentrations in melt inclusions (MIs) from pre-climactic and climactic rhyodacitic pumices varies from 80 to 330&nbsp;ppm, with highest concentrations in inclusions with 4.8–5.2&nbsp;wt% H<sub>2</sub>O (by FTIR). Up to 50% of the initial S may have been lost through pre-eruptive degassing at depths of 4–5&nbsp;km. Ion microprobe analyses of pyrrhotite in climactic rhyodacitic tephra and andesitic scoria indicate a range in δ<sup>34</sup>S from −0.4‰ to 5.8‰ and from −0.1‰ to 3.5‰, respectively. Initial δ<sup>34</sup>S values of rhyodacitic and andesitic magmas were likely near the mantle value of 0‰. Hydrogen isotope (δD) and total H<sub>2</sub>O analyses of rhyodacitic obsidian (and vitrophyre) from the climactic fall deposit yielded values οf −103 to −53‰ and 0.23–1.74&nbsp;wt%, respectively. Values of δD and wt% H<sub>2</sub>O of obsidian decrease towards the top of the fall deposit. Samples with depleted δD, and mantle δ<sup>18</sup>O values, have elevated δ<sup>34</sup>S values consistent with open-system degassing. These results imply that more mantle-derived sulfur is degassed to the Earth’s atmosphere/hydrosphere through convergent margin volcanism than previously attributed. Magmatic degassing can modify initial isotopic compositions of sulfur by &gt;14‰ (to δ<sup>34</sup>S values of 14‰ or more here) and hydrogen isotopic compositions by 90‰ (to δD values of −127‰ in this case).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2009.01.019","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Mandeville, C., Webster, J., Tappen, C., Taylor, B., Timbal, A., Sasaki, A., Hauri, E., and Bacon, C., 2009, Stable isotope and petrologic evidence for open-system degassing during the climactic and pre-climactic eruptions of Mt. Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 73, no. 10, p. 2978-3012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.01.019.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"2978","endPage":"3012","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake, Mt. Mazama","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.21397399902344,\n              42.894076403348976\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.00111389160155,\n              42.894076403348976\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.00111389160155,\n              42.987571901931226\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.21397399902344,\n              42.987571901931226\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.21397399902344,\n              42.894076403348976\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b966ce4b08c986b31b4cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mandeville, C.W.","contributorId":44005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandeville","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webster, J.D.","contributorId":16582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tappen, C.","contributorId":105937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappen","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, B.E.","contributorId":23262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Timbal, A.","contributorId":69808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Timbal","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sasaki, A.","contributorId":96504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasaki","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hauri, E.","contributorId":11029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauri","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70034748,"text":"70034748 - 2009 - Sedimentary basin effects in Seattle, Washington: Ground-motion observations and 3D simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-09T13:35:37","indexId":"70034748","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary basin effects in Seattle, Washington: Ground-motion observations and 3D simulations","docAbstract":"Seismograms of local earthquakes recorded in Seattle exhibit surface waves in the Seattle basin and basin-edge focusing of S waves. Spectral ratios of Swaves and later arrivals at 1 Hz for stiff-soil sites in the Seattle basin show a dependence on the direction to the earthquake, with earthquakes to the south and southwest producing higher average amplification. Earthquakes to the southwest typically produce larger basin surface waves relative to S waves than earthquakes to the north and northwest, probably because of the velocity contrast across the Seattle fault along the southern margin of the Seattle basin. S to P conversions are observed for some events and are likely converted at the bottom of the Seattle basin. We model five earthquakes, including the M 6.8 Nisqually earthquake, using 3D finite-difference simulations accurate up to 1 Hz. The simulations reproduce the observed dependence of amplification on the direction to the earthquake. The simulations generally match the timing and character of basin surface waves observed for many events. The 3D simulation for the Nisqually earth-quake produces focusing of S waves along the southern margin of the Seattle basin near the area in west Seattle that experienced increased chimney damage from the earthquake, similar to the results of the higher-frequency 2D simulation reported by Stephenson et al. (2006). Waveforms from the 3D simulations show reasonable agreement with the data at low frequencies (0.2-0.4 Hz) for the Nisqually earthquake and an M 4.8 deep earthquake west of Seattle.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120080203","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Frankel, A., Stephenson, W., and Carver, D., 2009, Sedimentary basin effects in Seattle, Washington: Ground-motion observations and 3D simulations: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 3, p. 1579-1611, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080203.","startPage":"1579","endPage":"1611","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215986,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080203"},{"id":243825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a12e4b08c986b316fff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frankel, Arthur","contributorId":103761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, William","contributorId":38804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carver, David","contributorId":55867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carver","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037151,"text":"70037151 - 2009 - Age-distribution estimation for karst groundwater: Issues of parameterization and complexity in inverse modeling by convolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037151","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age-distribution estimation for karst groundwater: Issues of parameterization and complexity in inverse modeling by convolution","docAbstract":"Convolution modeling is useful for investigating the temporal distribution of groundwater age based on environmental tracers. The framework of a quasi-transient convolution model that is applicable to two-domain flow in karst aquifers is presented. The model was designed to provide an acceptable level of statistical confidence in parameter estimates when only chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and tritium (<sup>3</sup>H) data are available. We show how inverse modeling and uncertainty assessment can be used to constrain model parameterization to a level warranted by available data while allowing major aspects of the flow system to be examined. As an example, the model was applied to water from a pumped well open to the Madison aquifer in central USA with input functions of CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and <sup>3</sup>H, and was calibrated to several samples collected during a 16-year period. A bimodal age distribution was modeled to represent quick and slow flow less than 50 years old. The effects of pumping and hydraulic head on the relative volumetric fractions of these domains were found to be influential factors for transient flow. Quick flow and slow flow were estimated to be distributed mainly within the age ranges of 0-2 and 26-41 years, respectively. The fraction of long-term flow (&gt;50 years) was estimated but was not dateable. The different tracers had different degrees of influence on parameter estimation and uncertainty assessments, where <sup>3</sup>H was the most critical, and CFC-113 was least influential.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.064","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Long, A., and Putnam, L., 2009, Age-distribution estimation for karst groundwater: Issues of parameterization and complexity in inverse modeling by convolution: Journal of Hydrology, v. 376, no. 3-4, p. 579-588, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.064.","startPage":"579","endPage":"588","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217165,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.064"},{"id":245086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"376","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8fde4b0c8380cd48014","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andrew J.","contributorId":80023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Putnam, L.D.","contributorId":47417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034744,"text":"70034744 - 2009 - Sensitivity of system stability to model structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034744","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of system stability to model structure","docAbstract":"A community is stable, and resilient, if the levels of all community variables can return to the original steady state following a perturbation. The stability properties of a community depend on its structure, which is the network of direct effects (interactions) among the variables within the community. These direct effects form feedback cycles (loops) that determine community stability. Although feedback cycles have an intuitive interpretation, identifying how they form the feedback properties of a particular community can be intractable. Furthermore, determining the role that any specific direct effect plays in the stability of a system is even more daunting. Such information, however, would identify important direct effects for targeted experimental and management manipulation even in complex communities for which quantitative information is lacking. We therefore provide a method that determines the sensitivity of community stability to model structure, and identifies the relative role of particular direct effects, indirect effects, and feedback cycles in determining stability. Structural sensitivities summarize the degree to which each direct effect contributes to stabilizing feedback or destabilizing feedback or both. Structural sensitivities prove useful in identifying ecologically important feedback cycles within the community structure and for detecting direct effects that have strong, or weak, influences on community stability. The approach may guide the development of management intervention and research design. We demonstrate its value with two theoretical models and two empirical examples of different levels of complexity. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.01.033","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Hosack, G., Li, H., and Rossignol, P., 2009, Sensitivity of system stability to model structure: Ecological Modelling, v. 220, no. 8, p. 1054-1062, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.01.033.","startPage":"1054","endPage":"1062","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215927,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.01.033"}],"volume":"220","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d36e4b08c986b3182d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hosack, G.R.","contributorId":84180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hosack","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, H.W.","contributorId":23261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rossignol, P.A.","contributorId":90019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rossignol","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034740,"text":"70034740 - 2009 - Wildland-urban interface maps vary with purpose and context","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-25T11:51:56.252742","indexId":"70034740","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2297,"text":"Journal of Forestry","onlineIssn":"1938-3746","printIssn":"0022-1201","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildland-urban interface maps vary with purpose and context","docAbstract":"Maps of the wildland-urban interface (WUI) are both policy tools and powerful visual images. Although the growing number of WUI maps serve similar purposes, this article indicates that WUI maps derived from the same data sets can differ in important ways related to their original intended application. We discuss the use of ancillary data in modifying census data to improve WUI maps and offer a cautionary note about this practice. A comparison of two WUI mapping approaches suggests that no single map is \"best\" because users' needs vary. The analysts who create maps are responsible for ensuring that users understand their purpose, data, and methods; map users are responsible for paying attention to these features and using each map accordingly. These considerations should apply to any analysis but are especially important to analyses of the WUI on which policy decisions will be made.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","issn":"00221201","usgsCitation":"Stewart, S.I., Wilmer, B., Hammer, R.B., Aplet, G.H., Hawbaker, T., Miller, C., and Radeloff, V.C., 2009, Wildland-urban interface maps vary with purpose and context: Journal of Forestry, v. 107, no. 2, p. 78-83.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385902,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://academic.oup.com/jof/article/107/2/78/4599338"}],"volume":"107","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd0d7e4b08c986b32f0bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, S. I.","contributorId":99779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilmer, B.","contributorId":78962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilmer","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hammer, R. B.","contributorId":77744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hammer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aplet, G. H.","contributorId":35150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aplet","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hawbaker, T. J.","contributorId":98118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawbaker","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, C.","contributorId":44114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Radeloff, V. C.","contributorId":58467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Radeloff","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70034736,"text":"70034736 - 2009 - Obliquity-paced Pliocene West Antarctic ice sheet oscillations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-11T15:48:06","indexId":"70034736","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Obliquity-paced Pliocene West Antarctic ice sheet oscillations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Thirty years after oxygen isotope records from microfossils deposited in ocean sediments confirmed the hypothesis that variations in the Earth's orbital geometry control the ice ages</span><sup><a href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7236/full/nature07867.html#B1\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7236/full/nature07867.html#B1\">1</a></sup><span>, fundamental questions remain over the response of the Antarctic ice sheets to orbital cycles</span><sup><a href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7236/full/nature07867.html#B2\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7236/full/nature07867.html#B2\">2</a></sup><span>. Furthermore, an understanding of the behaviour of the marine-based West Antarctic ice sheet (WAIS) during the 'warmer-than-present' early-Pliocene epoch (</span><img src=\"http://www.nature.com/__chars/math/special/sim/black/med/base/glyph.gif\" alt=\"approx\" data-mce-src=\"http://www.nature.com/__chars/math/special/sim/black/med/base/glyph.gif\"><span>5–3&nbsp;Myr ago) is needed to better constrain the possible range of ice-sheet behaviour in the context of future global warming</span><sup><a href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7236/full/nature07867.html#B3\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7236/full/nature07867.html#B3\">3</a></sup><span>. Here we present a marine glacial record from the upper 600&nbsp;m of the AND-1B sediment core recovered from beneath the northwest part of the Ross ice shelf by the ANDRILL programme and demonstrate well-dated,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><img src=\"http://www.nature.com/__chars/math/special/sim/black/med/base/glyph.gif\" alt=\"approx\" data-mce-src=\"http://www.nature.com/__chars/math/special/sim/black/med/base/glyph.gif\"><span>40-kyr cyclic variations in ice-sheet extent linked to cycles in insolation influenced by changes in the Earth's axial tilt (obliquity) during the Pliocene. Our data provide direct evidence for orbitally induced oscillations in the WAIS, which periodically collapsed, resulting in a switch from grounded ice, or ice shelves, to open waters in the Ross embayment when planetary temperatures were up to<span>&nbsp;</span></span><img src=\"http://www.nature.com/__chars/math/special/sim/black/med/base/glyph.gif\" alt=\"approx\" data-mce-src=\"http://www.nature.com/__chars/math/special/sim/black/med/base/glyph.gif\"><span>3&nbsp;°C warmer than today</span><sup><a href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7236/full/nature07867.html#B4\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7236/full/nature07867.html#B4\">4</a></sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and atmospheric CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>concentration was as high as<span>&nbsp;</span></span><img src=\"http://www.nature.com/__chars/math/special/sim/black/med/base/glyph.gif\" alt=\"approx\" data-mce-src=\"http://www.nature.com/__chars/math/special/sim/black/med/base/glyph.gif\"><span>400&nbsp;p.p.m.v. (refs<span>&nbsp;</span></span><a href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7236/full/nature07867.html#B5\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7236/full/nature07867.html#B5\">5</a><span>,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><a href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7236/full/nature07867.html#B6\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7236/full/nature07867.html#B6\">6</a><span>). The evidence is consistent with a new ice-sheet/ice-shelf model</span><sup><a href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7236/full/nature07867.html#B7\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7236/full/nature07867.html#B7\">7</a></sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>that simulates fluctuations in Antarctic ice volume of up to +7&nbsp;m in equivalent sea level associated with the loss of the WAIS and up to +3&nbsp;m in equivalent sea level from the East Antarctic ice sheet, in response to ocean-induced melting paced by obliquity. During interglacial times, diatomaceous sediments indicate high surface-water productivity, minimal summer sea ice and air temperatures above freezing, suggesting an additional influence of surface melt</span><sup><a href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7236/full/nature07867.html#B8\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7236/full/nature07867.html#B8\">8</a></sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>under conditions of elevated CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/nature07867","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Naish, T., Powell, R., Levy, R., Wilson, G., Scherer, R., Talarico, F., Krissek, L., Niessen, F., Pompilio, M., Wilson, T., Carter, L., DeConto, R., Huybers, P., McKay, R., Pollard, D., Ross, J., Winter, D., Barrett, P., Browne, G., Cody, R., Cowan, E., Crampton, J., Dunbar, G., Dunbar, N., Florindo, F., Gebhardt, C., Graham, I., Hannah, M., Hansaraj, D., Harwood, D., Helling, D., Henrys, S., Hinnov, L., Kuhn, G., Kyle, P., Laufer, A., Maffioli, P., Magens, D., Mandernack, K., McIntosh, W., Millan, C., Morin, R., Ohneiser, C., Paulsen, T., Persico, D., Raine, I., Reed, J., Riesselman, C., Sagnotti, L., Schmitt, D., Sjunneskog, C., Strong, P., Taviani, M., Vogel, S., Wilch, T., and Williams, T., 2009, Obliquity-paced Pliocene West Antarctic ice sheet oscillations: Nature, v. 458, no. 7236, p. 322-328, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07867.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"322","endPage":"328","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-010756","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487790,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.umass.edu/astro_faculty_pubs/820","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215811,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07867"}],"volume":"458","issue":"7236","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a51e4b0c8380cd740ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naish, T.","contributorId":82151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naish","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, R.","contributorId":15855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Levy, R.","contributorId":89742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levy","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, G.","contributorId":59974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scherer, R.","contributorId":10752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scherer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Talarico, F.","contributorId":84585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talarico","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Krissek, L.","contributorId":71788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krissek","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Niessen, F.","contributorId":56063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niessen","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pompilio, M.","contributorId":61261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pompilio","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wilson, T.","contributorId":49581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Carter, L.","contributorId":42054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"DeConto, R.","contributorId":91711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeConto","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Huybers, P.","contributorId":103893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huybers","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"McKay, R.","contributorId":67323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Pollard, D.","contributorId":96503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollard","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Ross, J.","contributorId":9076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Winter, D.","contributorId":60875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Barrett, P.","contributorId":40038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Browne, G.","contributorId":92884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browne","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Cody, R.","contributorId":15856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cody","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Cowan, E.","contributorId":87776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowan","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Crampton, J.","contributorId":101481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crampton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Dunbar, G.","contributorId":42451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunbar","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Dunbar, N.","contributorId":47190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunbar","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Florindo, F.","contributorId":49205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Florindo","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Gebhardt, C.","contributorId":42055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gebhardt","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Graham, I.","contributorId":25525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Hannah, M.","contributorId":77760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hannah","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Hansaraj, D.","contributorId":73821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansaraj","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Harwood, D.","contributorId":75775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwood","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Helling, D.","contributorId":69806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helling","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Henrys, S.","contributorId":27632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henrys","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Hinnov, L.","contributorId":73843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinnov","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Kuhn, G.","contributorId":42792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuhn","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Kyle, P.","contributorId":15763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kyle","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"Laufer, A.","contributorId":35975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laufer","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36},{"text":"Maffioli, P.","contributorId":10633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maffioli","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":37},{"text":"Magens, D.","contributorId":92511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magens","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":38},{"text":"Mandernack, K.","contributorId":60466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandernack","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":39},{"text":"McIntosh, W.","contributorId":29635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntosh","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":40},{"text":"Millan, C.","contributorId":94123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millan","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":41},{"text":"Morin, R.","contributorId":6210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":42},{"text":"Ohneiser, C.","contributorId":30066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohneiser","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":43},{"text":"Paulsen, T.","contributorId":78167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulsen","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":44},{"text":"Persico, D.","contributorId":72221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Persico","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":45},{"text":"Raine, I.","contributorId":86585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raine","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":46},{"text":"Reed, 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C.","contributorId":37166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sjunneskog","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":51},{"text":"Strong, P.","contributorId":102292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strong","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":52},{"text":"Taviani, M.","contributorId":40443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taviani","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":53},{"text":"Vogel, S.","contributorId":37563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":54},{"text":"Wilch, T.","contributorId":14660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilch","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":55},{"text":"Williams, T.","contributorId":47584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":56}]}}
,{"id":70032876,"text":"70032876 - 2009 - Impacts of acidification on macroinvertebrate communities in streams of the western Adirondack Mountains, New York, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032876","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of acidification on macroinvertebrate communities in streams of the western Adirondack Mountains, New York, USA","docAbstract":"Limited stream chemistry and macroinvertebrate data indicate that acidic deposition has adversely affected benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in numerous headwater streams of the western Adirondack Mountains of New York. No studies, however, have quantified the effects that acidic deposition and acidification may have had on resident fish and macroinvertebrate communities in streams of the region. As part of the Western Adirondack Stream Survey, water chemistry from 200 streams was sampled five times and macroinvertebrate communities were surveyed once from a subset of 36 streams in the Oswegatchie and Black River Basins during 2003-2005 and evaluated to: (a) document the effects that chronic and episodic acidification have on macroinvertebrate communities across the region, (b) define the relations between acidification and the health of affected species assemblages, and (c) assess indicators and thresholds of biological effects. Concentrations of inorganic Al in 66% of the 200 streams periodically reached concentrations toxic to acid-tolerant biota. A new acid biological assessment profile (acidBAP) index for macroinvertebrates, derived from percent mayfly richness and percent acid-tolerant taxa, was strongly correlated (R2 values range from 0.58 to 0.76) with concentrations of inorganic Al, pH, ANC, and base cation surplus (BCS). The BCS and acidBAP index helped remove confounding influences of natural organic acidity and to redefine acidification-effect thresholds and biological-impact categories. AcidBAP scores indicated that macroinvertebrate communities were moderately or severely impacted by acidification in 44-56% of 36 study streams, however, additional data from randomly selected streams is needed to accurately estimate the true percentage of streams in which macroinvertebrate communities are adversely affected in this, or other, regions. As biologically relevant measures of impacts caused by acidification, both BCS and acidBAP may be useful indicators of ecosystem effects and potential recovery at the local and regional scale.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Indicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.04.004","issn":"14701","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B., Lawrence, G., Bode, R., Simonin, H.A., Roy, K.M., and Smith, A.J., 2009, Impacts of acidification on macroinvertebrate communities in streams of the western Adirondack Mountains, New York, USA: Ecological Indicators, v. 9, no. 2, p. 226-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.04.004.","startPage":"226","endPage":"239","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213962,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.04.004"},{"id":241639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38e0e4b0c8380cd61703","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":25174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bode, R.W.","contributorId":77341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bode","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simonin, H. A.","contributorId":85713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simonin","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roy, K. M.","contributorId":52710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, A. J.","contributorId":67040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034715,"text":"70034715 - 2009 - Modelling predation by transient leopard seals for an ecosystem-based management of Southern Ocean fisheries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034715","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling predation by transient leopard seals for an ecosystem-based management of Southern Ocean fisheries","docAbstract":"Correctly quantifying the impacts of rare apex marine predators is essential to ecosystem-based approaches to fisheries management, where harvesting must be sustainable for targeted species and their dependent predators. This requires modelling the uncertainty in such processes as predator life history, seasonal abundance and movement, size-based predation, energetic requirements, and prey vulnerability. We combined these uncertainties to evaluate the predatory impact of transient leopard seals on a community of mesopredators (seals and penguins) and their prey at South Georgia, and assess the implications for an ecosystem-based management. The mesopredators are highly dependent on Antarctic krill and icefish, which are targeted by regional fisheries. We used a state-space formulation to combine (1) a mark-recapture open-population model and individual identification data to assess seasonally variable leopard seal arrival and departure dates, numbers, and residency times; (2) a size-based bioenergetic model; and (3) a size-based prey choice model from a diet analysis. Our models indicated that prey choice and consumption reflected seasonal changes in leopard seal population size and structure, size-selective predation and prey vulnerability. A population of 104 (90-125) leopard seals, of which 64% were juveniles, consumed less than 2% of the Antarctic fur seal pup production of the area (50% of total ingested energy, IE), but ca. 12-16% of the local gentoo penguin population (20% IE). Antarctic krill (28% IE) were the only observed food of leopard seal pups and supplemented the diet of older individuals. Direct impacts on krill and fish were negligible, but the \"escapement\" due to leopard seal predation on fur seal pups and penguins could be significant for the mackerel icefish fishery at South Georgia. These results suggest that: (1) rare apex predators like leopard seals may control, and may depend on, populations of mesopredators dependent on prey species targeted by fisheries; and (2) predatory impacts and community control may vary throughout the predator's geographic range, and differ across ecosystems and management areas, depending on the seasonal abundance of the prey and the predator's dispersal movements. This understanding is important to integrate the predator needs as natural mortality of its prey in models to set prey catch limits for fisheries. Reliable estimates of the variability of these needs are essential for a precautionary interpretation in the context of an ecosystem-based management. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.03.020","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Forcada, J., Malone, D., Royle, J., and Staniland, I., 2009, Modelling predation by transient leopard seals for an ecosystem-based management of Southern Ocean fisheries: Ecological Modelling, v. 220, no. 12, p. 1513-1521, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.03.020.","startPage":"1513","endPage":"1521","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215955,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.03.020"},{"id":243792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"220","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c72e4b0c8380cd6fcd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forcada, J.","contributorId":31506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forcada","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malone, D.","contributorId":59642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malone","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Staniland, I.J.","contributorId":82433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staniland","given":"I.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034713,"text":"70034713 - 2009 - Ground and surface temperature variability for remote sensing of soil moisture in a heterogeneous landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034713","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground and surface temperature variability for remote sensing of soil moisture in a heterogeneous landscape","docAbstract":"At the Little River Watershed (LRW) heterogeneous landscape near Tifton Georgia US an in situ network of stations operated by the US Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service-Southeast Watershed Research Lab (USDA-ARS-SEWRL) was established in 2003 for the long term study of climatic and soil biophysical processes. To develop an accurate interpolation of the in situ readings that can be used to produce distributed representations of soil moisture (SM) and energy balances at the landscape scale for remote sensing studies, we studied (1) the temporal and spatial variations of ground temperature (GT) and infra red temperature (IRT) within 30 by 30 m plots around selected network stations; (2) the relationship between the readings from the eight 30 by 30 m plots and the point reading of the network stations for the variables SM, GT and IRT; and (3) the spatial and temporal variation of GT and IRT within agriculture landuses: grass, orchard, peanuts, cotton and bare soil in the surrounding landscape. The results showed high correlations between the station readings and the adjacent 30 by 30 m plot average value for SM; high seasonal independent variation in the GT and IRT behavior among the eight 30 by 30 m plots; and site specific, in-field homogeneity in each 30 by 30 m plot. We found statistical differences in the GT and IRT between the different landuses as well as high correlations between GT and IRT regardless of the landuse. Greater standard deviations for IRT than for GT (in the range of 2-4) were found within the 30 by 30 m, suggesting that when a single point reading for this variable is selected for the validation of either remote sensing data or water-energy models, errors may occur. The results confirmed that in this landscape homogeneous 30 by 30 m plots can be used as landscape spatial units for soil moisture and ground temperature studies. Under this landscape conditions small plots can account for local expressions of environmental processes, decreasing the errors and uncertainties in remote sensing estimates caused by landscape heterogeneity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.010","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Giraldo, M., Bosch, D., Madden, M., Usery, L., and Finn, M., 2009, Ground and surface temperature variability for remote sensing of soil moisture in a heterogeneous landscape: Journal of Hydrology, v. 368, no. 1-4, p. 214-223, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.010.","startPage":"214","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215925,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.010"}],"volume":"368","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a8be4b0c8380cd5b26f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giraldo, M.A.","contributorId":65591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giraldo","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bosch, D.","contributorId":83241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bosch","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madden, M.","contributorId":18068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madden","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Usery, L.","contributorId":76442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Finn, M.","contributorId":45539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037157,"text":"70037157 - 2009 - The relative importance of disturbance and exotic-plant abundance in California coastal sage scrub","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037157","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relative importance of disturbance and exotic-plant abundance in California coastal sage scrub","docAbstract":"Many ecosystems of conservation concern require some level of disturbance to sustain their species composition and ecological function. However, inappropriate disturbance regimes could favor invasion or expansion of exotic species. In southern California coastal sage scrub (CSS) fire is a natural disturbance, but because of human influence, frequencies may now be unnaturally high. Other anthropogenic disturbances such as grazing also occur in reserve areas. Managers charged with imposing or tolerating fire or other disturbance within their reserves are concerned that habitat quality may be degraded by an increasing abundance of exotic plants. We used vegetation monitoring data from Camp Pendleton, California, USA, to assess the correlation between past disturbances (frequent fire, agriculture, or grazing and mechanical disturbances) and current exotic species abundance in CSS. We found that disturbance history was only modestly related to exotic abundance overall, but fire frequency showed the strongest association. We also examined whether cover and richness of various native plant life forms (woody species, perennial herbs, and annual herbs) were more strongly influenced by disturbance history or by exotic-plant abundance. Native plant responses varied among life forms, but woody species and annual herbs were generally more strongly and negatively associated with exotic abundance than with disturbance. Effective CSS conservation will require developing means to curb the negative impacts of exotic plants, which may abound with or without severe or recent disturbance. Additionally, more focus should be given to understory herbs showing sensitivity to invasion. Though understudied, native herbs comprise the greatest portion of plant diversity in CSS and are critical to preservation of the community as a whole. ?? 2009 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/07-1959.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Fleming, G., Diffendorfer, J., and Zedler, P., 2009, The relative importance of disturbance and exotic-plant abundance in California coastal sage scrub: Ecological Applications, v. 19, no. 8, p. 2210-2227, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1959.1.","startPage":"2210","endPage":"2227","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217250,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-1959.1"},{"id":245181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf2ae4b08c986b3245d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleming, G.M.","contributorId":56027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diffendorfer, J.E.","contributorId":28569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zedler, P.H.","contributorId":82251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zedler","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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