{"pageNumber":"868","pageRowStart":"21675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68935,"records":[{"id":70036027,"text":"70036027 - 2009 - Hydrochemical analysis of groundwater using multivariate statistical methods - The Volta region, Ghana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70036027","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2578,"text":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrochemical analysis of groundwater using multivariate statistical methods - The Volta region, Ghana","docAbstract":"Q and R-mode multivariate statistical analyses were applied to groundwater chemical data from boreholes and wells in the northern section of the Volta region Ghana. The objective was to determine the processes that affect the hydrochemistry and the variation of these processes in space among the three main geological terrains: the Buem formation, Voltaian System and the Togo series that underlie the area. The analyses revealed three zones in the groundwater flow system: recharge, intermediate and discharge regions. All three zones are clearly different with respect to all the major chemical parameters, with concentrations increasing from the perceived recharge areas through the intermediate regions to the discharge areas. R-mode HCA and factor analysis (using varimax rotation and Kaiser Criterion) were then applied to determine the significant sources of variation in the hydrochemistry. This study finds that groundwater hydrochemistry in the area is controlled by the weathering of silicate and carbonate minerals, as well as the chemistry of infiltrating precipitation. This study finds that the ??D and ??<sup>18</sup>O data from the area fall along the Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL). An equation of regression derived for the relationship between ??D and ??<sup>18</sup>O bears very close semblance to the equation which describes the GMWL. On the basis of this, groundwater in the study area is probably meteoric and fresh. The apparently low salinities and sodicities of the groundwater seem to support this interpretation. The suitability of groundwater for domestic and irrigation purposes is related to its source, which determines its constitution. A plot of the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and salinity (EC) data on a semilog axis, suggests that groundwater serves good irrigation quality in the area. Sixty percent (60%), 20% and 20% of the 67 data points used in this study fall within the medium salinity - low sodicity (C2-S1), low salinity -low sodicity (C1-S1) and high salinity - low sodicity (C3-S1) fields, which ascribe good irrigation quality to groundwater from this area. Salinities range from 28.1 to 1956 ??S/cm, whilst SAR values fall within the range 0-3. Extremely low sodicity waters of this kind, with salinities lower than 600 ??S/cm, have the tendency to affect the dispersive properties of irrigation soils when used for irrigation. About 50% of the groundwater in the study area fall within this category and need prior treatment before usage. ?? 2009 Korean Society of Civil Engineers and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s12205-009-0055-2","issn":"12267988","usgsCitation":"Banoeng-Yakubo, B., Yidana, S., and Nti, E., 2009, Hydrochemical analysis of groundwater using multivariate statistical methods - The Volta region, Ghana: KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, v. 13, no. 1, p. 55-63, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-009-0055-2.","startPage":"55","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476120,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-009-0055-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218152,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12205-009-0055-2"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a332be4b0c8380cd5edb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banoeng-Yakubo, B.","contributorId":75332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banoeng-Yakubo","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yidana, S.M.","contributorId":59554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yidana","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nti, E.","contributorId":73044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nti","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036028,"text":"70036028 - 2009 - Volatile selenium flux from the great Salt Lake, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:05","indexId":"70036028","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volatile selenium flux from the great Salt Lake, Utah","docAbstract":"The removal mechanisms that govern Se concentrations in the Great Salt Lake are unknown despite this terminal lake being an avian habitat of hemispheric importance. However, the volatilization flux of Se from the Great Salt Lake has not been previously measured due to challenges of analysis in this hypersaline environment This paper presents results from recent field studies examining the spatial distribution of dissolved volatile Se (areally and with depth) in the south arm (main body) of the Great Salt Lake. The analyses involved collection of dissolved volatile Se in a cryofocusing trap system via sparging with helium. The cryotrapped volatile Se was digested with nitric acid and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results show concentrations of dissolved volatile Se that increase with depth in the shallow brine, suggesting that phytoplankton in the open waters and bioherms in shallow sites (<4 m in depth) may be responsible for volatile Se production. Volatile Se flux to the atmosphere was determined using mass transport models corrected to simulate the highly saline environment of the south arm of the Great Salt Lake. The estimated annual flux of volatile Se was 1455 kg/year within a range from 560 to 3780 kg Se/year for the 95% confidence interval and from 970 to 2180 kg Se/year within the 68% confidence interval. ?? 2009 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es801638w","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Diaz, X., Johnson, W., Oliver, W., and Naftz, D.L., 2009, Volatile selenium flux from the great Salt Lake, Utah: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 1, p. 53-59, https://doi.org/10.1021/es801638w.","startPage":"53","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218181,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es801638w"},{"id":246167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2cae4b08c986b32ad78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diaz, X.","contributorId":87380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diaz","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, W.P.","contributorId":43315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oliver, W.A.","contributorId":60890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Naftz, D. L.","contributorId":40624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036030,"text":"70036030 - 2009 - Hurricane Katrina sediment slowed elevation loss in subsiding brackish marshes of the Mississippi River delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T12:48:30","indexId":"70036030","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hurricane Katrina sediment slowed elevation loss in subsiding brackish marshes of the Mississippi River delta","docAbstract":"Although hurricanes can damage or destroy coastal wetlands, they may play a beneficial role in reinvigorating marshes by delivering sediments that raise soil elevations and stimulate organic matter production. Hurricane Katrina altered elevation dynamics of two subsiding brackish marshes in the Mississippi River deltaic plain by adding 3 to 8 cm of sediment to the soil surface in August 2005. Soil elevations at both sites subsequently declined due to continued subsidence, but net elevation gain was still positive at both Pearl River (+1.7 cm) and Big Branch (+0.7 cm) marshes two years after the hurricane. At Big Branch where storm sediments had higher organic matter and water contents, post-storm elevation loss was more rapid due to initial compaction of the storm layer in combination with root-zone collapse. In contrast, elevation loss was slower at Pearl River where the storm deposit (high sand content) did not compact and the root zone did not collapse. Vegetation at both sites fully recovered within one year, and accumulation of root matter at Big Branch increased 10-fold from 2005 to 2006, suggesting that the hurricane stimulated belowground productivity. Results of this study imply that hurricane sediment may benefit subsiding marshes by slowing elevation loss. However, long-term effects of hurricane sediment on elevation dynamics will depend not only on the amount of sediment deposited, but on sediment texture and resistance to compaction as well as on changes in organic matter accumulation in the years following the hurricane.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Society of Wetland Scientists","doi":"10.1672/08-32.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"McKee, K., and Cherry, J.A., 2009, Hurricane Katrina sediment slowed elevation loss in subsiding brackish marshes of the Mississippi River delta: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 1, p. 2-15, https://doi.org/10.1672/08-32.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2","endPage":"15","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":218212,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/08-32.1"},{"id":246199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.05,29.07 ], [ -90.05,29.94 ], [ -89.09,29.94 ], [ -89.09,29.07 ], [ -90.05,29.07 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32ace4b0c8380cd5e9b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, K.L. 0000-0001-7042-670X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":77113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cherry, J. A.","contributorId":24880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036050,"text":"70036050 - 2009 - Evidence for prolonged El Nino-like conditions in the Pacific during the Late Pleistocene: a 43 ka noble gas record from California groundwaters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T09:17:41","indexId":"70036050","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for prolonged El Nino-like conditions in the Pacific during the Late Pleistocene: a 43 ka noble gas record from California groundwaters","docAbstract":"Information on the ocean/atmosphere state over the period spanning the Last Glacial Maximum - from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene - provides crucial constraints on the relationship between orbital forcing and global climate change. The Pacific Ocean is particularly important in this respect because of its dominant role in exporting heat and moisture from the tropics to higher latitudes. Through targeting groundwaters in the Mojave Desert, California, we show that noble gas derived temperatures in California averaged 4.2 ?? 1.1 ??C cooler in the Late Pleistocene (from ???43 to ???12 ka) compared to the Holocene (from ???10 to ???5 ka). Furthermore, the older groundwaters contain higher concentrations of excess air (entrained air bubbles) and have elevated oxygen-18/oxygen-16 ratios (??<sup>18</sup>O) - indicators of vigorous aquifer recharge, and greater rainfall amounts and/or more intense precipitation events, respectively. Together, these paleoclimate indicators reveal that cooler and wetter conditions prevailed in the Mojave Desert from ???43 to ???12 ka. We suggest that during the Late Pleistocene, the Pacific ocean/atmosphere state was similar to present-day El Nino-like patterns, and was characterized by prolonged periods of weak trade winds, weak upwelling along the eastern Pacific margin, and increased precipitation in the southwestern U.S.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.05.008","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Kulongoski, J., Hilton, D.R., Izbicki, J., and Belitz, K., 2009, Evidence for prolonged El Nino-like conditions in the Pacific during the Late Pleistocene: a 43 ka noble gas record from California groundwaters: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 28, no. 23-24, p. 2465-2473, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.05.008.","startPage":"2465","endPage":"2473","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218509,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.05.008"}],"volume":"28","issue":"23-24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d4fe4b0c8380cd52f39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kulongoski, J.T. 0000-0002-3498-4154","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":61213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hilton, David R.","contributorId":37116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilton","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Izbicki, J. A. 0000-0003-0816-4408","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":28244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belitz, K. 0000-0003-4481-2345","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":10164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036055,"text":"70036055 - 2009 - Storm clouds on Saturn: Lightning-induced chemistry and associated materials consistent with Cassini/VIMS spectra","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:02","indexId":"70036055","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Storm clouds on Saturn: Lightning-induced chemistry and associated materials consistent with Cassini/VIMS spectra","docAbstract":"Thunderstorm activity on Saturn is associated with optically detectable clouds that are atypically dark throughout the near-infrared. As observed by Cassini/VIMS, these clouds are ~20% less reflective than typical neighboring clouds throughout the spectral range from 0.8 ??m to at least 4.1 ??m. We propose that active thunderstorms originating in the 10-20 bar water-condensation region vertically transport dark materials at depth to the ~1 bar level where they can be observed. These materials in part may be produced by chemical processes associated with lightning, likely within the water clouds near the ~10 bar freezing level of water, as detected by the electrostatic discharge of lightning flashes observed by Cassini/RPWS (e.g., Fischer et al. 2008, Space Sci. Rev., 137, 271-285). We review lightning-induced pyrolytic chemistry involving a variety of Saturnian constituents, including hydrogen, methane, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, phosphine, and water. We find that the lack of absorption in the 1-2 ??m spectral region by lightning-generated sulfuric and phosphorous condensates renders these constituents as minor players in determining the color of the dark storm clouds. Relatively small particulates of elemental carbon, formed by lightning-induced dissociation of methane and subsequently upwelled from depth - perhaps embedded within and on the surface of spectrally bright condensates such as ammonium hydrosulfide or ammonia - may be a dominant optical material within the dark thunderstorm-related clouds of Saturn. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2009.06.025","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Baines, K.H., Delitsky, M., Momary, T., Brown, R.H., Buratti, B.J., Clark, R.N., and Nicholson, P.D., 2009, Storm clouds on Saturn: Lightning-induced chemistry and associated materials consistent with Cassini/VIMS spectra: Planetary and Space Science, v. 57, no. 14-15, p. 1650-1658, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2009.06.025.","startPage":"1650","endPage":"1658","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218566,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2009.06.025"},{"id":246588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"14-15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9875e4b08c986b31c04a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delitsky, M.L.","contributorId":76980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delitsky","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Momary, T.W.","contributorId":40405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Momary","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70036058,"text":"70036058 - 2009 - Comparison of traditional and molecular analytical methods for detecting biological agents in raw and drinking water following ultrafiltration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70036058","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2169,"text":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of traditional and molecular analytical methods for detecting biological agents in raw and drinking water following ultrafiltration","docAbstract":"Aims: To compare the performance of traditional methods to quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for detecting five biological agents in large-volume drinking-water samples concentrated by ultrafiltration (UF). Methods and Results: Drinking-water samples (100 l) were seeded with Bacillus anthracis, Cryptospordium parvum, Francisella tularensis, Salmonella Typhi, and Vibrio cholerae and concentrated by UF. Recoveries by traditional methods were variable between samples and between some replicates; recoveries were not determined by qPCR. Francisella tularensis and V. cholerae were detected in all 14 samples after UF, B. anthracis was detected in 13, and C. parvum was detected in 9 out of 14 samples. Numbers found by qPCR after UF were significantly or nearly related to those found by traditional methods for all organisms except for C. parvum. A qPCR assay for S. Typhi was not available. Conclusions: qPCR can be used to rapidly detect biological agents after UF as well as traditional methods, but additional work is needed to improve qPCR assays for several biological agents, determine recoveries by qPCR, and expand the study to other areas. Significance and Impact of the Study: To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the use of traditional and qPCR methods to detect biological agents in large-volume drinking-water samples. ?? 2009 The Society for Applied Microbiology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04329.x","issn":"13645072","usgsCitation":"Francy, D., Bushon, R., Brady, A., Bertke, E., Kephart, C., Likirdopulos, C., Mailot, B., Schaefer, F.W., and Lindquist, H.A., 2009, Comparison of traditional and molecular analytical methods for detecting biological agents in raw and drinking water following ultrafiltration: Journal of Applied Microbiology, v. 107, no. 5, p. 1479-1491, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04329.x.","startPage":"1479","endPage":"1491","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218125,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04329.x"}],"volume":"107","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8b6e4b0c8380cd4d24f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Francy, D.S. 0000-0001-9229-3557","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9229-3557","contributorId":86809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francy","given":"D.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bushon, R.N.","contributorId":68086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bushon","given":"R.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brady, A.M.G.","contributorId":9834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"A.M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bertke, E.E.","contributorId":24990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bertke","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kephart, C.M.","contributorId":20577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kephart","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Likirdopulos, C.A.","contributorId":6265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Likirdopulos","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mailot, B.E.","contributorId":58878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mailot","given":"B.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schaefer, F. W. III","contributorId":26475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"F.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lindquist, H.D. Alan","contributorId":48666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindquist","given":"H.D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Alan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70036059,"text":"70036059 - 2009 - Expansion of Dreissena into offshore waters of Lake Michigan and potential impacts on fish populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70036059","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Expansion of Dreissena into offshore waters of Lake Michigan and potential impacts on fish populations","docAbstract":"Lake Michigan was invaded by zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in the late 1980s and then followed by quagga mussels (D. bugensis) around 1997. Through 2000, both species (herein Dreissena) were largely restricted to depths less than 50??m. Herein, we provide results of an annual lake-wide bottom trawl survey in Lake Michigan that reveal the relative biomass and depth distribution of Dreissena between 1999 and 2007 (although biomass estimates from a bottom trawl are biased low). Lake-wide mean biomass density (g/m<sup>2</sup>) and mean depth of collection revealed no trend between 1999 and 2003 (mean = 0.7??g/m<sup>2</sup> and 37??m, respectively). Between 2004 and 2007, however, mean lake-wide biomass density increased from 0.8??g/m<sup>2</sup> to 7.0??g/m<sup>2</sup>, because of increased density at depths between 30 and 110??m, and mean depth of collection increased from 42 to 77??m. This pattern was confirmed by a generalized additive model. Coincident with the Dreissena expansion that occurred beginning in 2004, fish biomass density (generally planktivores) declined 71% between 2003 and 2007. Current understanding of fish population dynamics, however, indicates that Dreissena expansion is not the primary explanation for the decline of fish, and we provide a species-specific account for more likely underlying factors. Nonetheless, future sampling and research may reveal a better understanding of the potential negative interactions between Dreissena and fish in Lake Michigan and elsewhere.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2008.10.002","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Bunnell, D., Madenjian, C., Holuszko, J., Adams, J., and French, J.R., 2009, Expansion of Dreissena into offshore waters of Lake Michigan and potential impacts on fish populations: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 35, no. 1, p. 74-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2008.10.002.","startPage":"74","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218126,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2008.10.002"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0db5e4b0c8380cd5315e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunnell, D.B.","contributorId":8610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"D.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madenjian, C.P.","contributorId":64175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holuszko, J.D.","contributorId":54786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holuszko","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, J.V.","contributorId":94069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"French, J. R. P. III","contributorId":47574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"R. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036061,"text":"70036061 - 2009 - Forecasting urban growth across the United States-Mexico border","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70036061","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1317,"text":"Computers, Environment and Urban Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasting urban growth across the United States-Mexico border","docAbstract":"The sister-city area of Nogales, Arizona, and Nogales, Sonora, Mexico, is known collectively as Ambos (both) Nogales. This area was historically one city and was administratively divided by the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. These arid-lands have limited and sensitive natural resources. Environmental planning can support sustainable development to accommodate the predicted influx of population. The objective of this research is to quantify the amount of predicted urban growth for the Ambos Nogales watershed to support future planning for sustainable development. Two modeling regimes are explored. Our goal is to identify possible growth patterns associated with the twin-city area as a whole and with the two cities modeled as separate entities. We analyzed the cross-border watershed using regression analysis from satellite images from 1975, 1983, 1996, and 2002 and created urban area classifications. We used these classifications as input to the urban growth model, SLEUTH, to simulate likely patterns of development and define projected conversion probabilities. Model results indicate that the two cities are undergoing very different patterns of change and identify locations of expected growth based on historical development. Growth in Nogales, Arizona is stagnant while the urban area in Nogales, Sonora is exploding. This paper demonstrates an application that portrays how future binational urban growth could develop and affect the environment. This research also provides locations of potential growth for use in city planning.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers, Environment and Urban Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2008.10.003","issn":"01989715","usgsCitation":"Norman, L., Feller, M., and Phillip, G.D., 2009, Forecasting urban growth across the United States-Mexico border: Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, v. 33, no. 2, p. 150-159, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2008.10.003.","startPage":"150","endPage":"159","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218154,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2008.10.003"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a131de4b0c8380cd54515","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norman, L.M.","contributorId":20455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feller, M.","contributorId":94420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feller","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phillip, Guertin D.","contributorId":92901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillip","given":"Guertin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036063,"text":"70036063 - 2009 - Effect of grain-coating mineralogy on nitrate and sulfate storage in the unsaturated zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-15T07:18:14","indexId":"70036063","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of grain-coating mineralogy on nitrate and sulfate storage in the unsaturated zone","docAbstract":"<p>Unsaturated-zone sediments and the chemistry of shallow groundwater underlying a small (∼8-km<sup>2</sup>) watershed were studied to identify the mechanisms responsible for anion storage within the Miocene Bridgeton Formation and weathered Coastal Plain deposits in southern New Jersey. Lower unsaturated-zone sediments and shallow groundwater samples were collected and concentrations of selected ions (including NO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and SO<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>2−</sup>) from 11 locations were determined. Grain size, sorting, and color of the lower unsaturated-zone sediments were determined and the mineralogy of these grains and the composition of coatings were analyzed by petrographic examination, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis of x-rays, and quantitative whole-rock x-ray diffraction. The sediment grains, largely quartz and chert (80–94% w/w), are coated with a very fine-grained (&lt;20 μm), complex mixture of kaolinite, halloysite, goethite, and possibly gibbsite and lepidocrocite. The mineral coatings are present as an open fabric, resulting in a large surface area in contact with pore water. Significant correlations between the amount of goethite in the grain coatings and the concentration of sediment-bound SO<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>were observed, indicative of anion sorption. Other mineral–chemical relations indicate that negatively charged surfaces and competition with SO<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>results in exclusion of NO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>from inner sphere exchange sites. The observed NO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>−</sup>storage may be a result of matrix forces within the grain coatings and outer sphere complexation. The results of this study indicate that the mineralogy of grain coatings can have demonstrable effects on the storage of NO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and SO<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in the unsaturated zone.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Alliance of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science Societies ","doi":"10.2136/vzj2008.0053","issn":"15391663","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.J., Fishman, N., and Baehr, A.L., 2009, Effect of grain-coating mineralogy on nitrate and sulfate storage in the unsaturated zone: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 8, no. 1, p. 75-85, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2008.0053.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"85","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":218183,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2008.0053"},{"id":246169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05e3e4b0c8380cd50feb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reilly, T. J.","contributorId":77400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fishman, N.S.","contributorId":59441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishman","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baehr, A. L.","contributorId":59831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036067,"text":"70036067 - 2009 - William \"Bill\" Back: an incisive geochemist and a great mentor.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:05","indexId":"70036067","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"William \"Bill\" Back: an incisive geochemist and a great mentor.","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00534.x","issn":"17456584","usgsCitation":"Baedecker, M., and Wood, W., 2009, William \"Bill\" Back: an incisive geochemist and a great mentor.: Ground Water, v. 47, no. 2, p. 314-318, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00534.x.","startPage":"314","endPage":"318","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218242,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00534.x"},{"id":246234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd10de4b08c986b32f1dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baedecker, M.J.","contributorId":42702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, W.W.","contributorId":21974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036069,"text":"70036069 - 2009 - Diets of aquatic birds reflect changes in the Lake Huron ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T13:01:06","indexId":"70036069","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diets of aquatic birds reflect changes in the Lake Huron ecosystem","docAbstract":"<p>Human activities have affected the Lake Huron ecosystem, in part, through alterations in the structure and function of its food webs. Insights into the nature of food web change and its ecological ramifications can be obtained through the monitoring of high trophic level predators such as aquatic birds. Often, food web change involves alterations in the relative abundance of constituent species and/or the introduction of new species (exotic invaders). Diet composition of aquatic birds is influenced, in part, by relative prey availability and therefore is a sensitive measure of food web structure. Using bird diet data to make inferences regarding food web change requires consistent measures of diet composition through time. This can be accomplished by measuring stable chemical and/or biochemical “ecological tracers” in archived avian samples. Such tracers provide insights into pathways of energy and nutrient transfer.</p><p>In this study, we examine the utility of two groups of naturally-occurring intrinsic tracers (stable isotopes and fatty acids) to provide such information in a predatory seabird, the herring gull (<i>Larus argentatus</i>). Retrospective stable nitrogen and carbon isotope analysis of archived herring gull eggs identified declines in gull trophic position and shifts in food sources in Lake Huron over the last 25 years and changes in gull diet composition were inferred from egg fatty acid patterns. These independent groups of ecological tracers provided corroborating evidence of dietary change in this high trophic level predator. Gull dietary shifts were related to declines in prey fish abundance which suggests large-scale alterations to the Lake Huron ecosystem. Dietary shifts in herring gulls may be contributing to reductions in resources available for egg formation. Further research is required to evaluate how changes in resource availability may affect population sustainability in herring gulls and other waterbird species. Long-term biological monitoring programs are required to identify ecosystem change and evaluate its ecological significance.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/14634980802700995","issn":"14634988","usgsCitation":"Hebert, C.E., Weseloh, D.C., Idrissi, A., Arts, M., and Roseman, E., 2009, Diets of aquatic birds reflect changes in the Lake Huron ecosystem: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 12, no. 1, p. 37-44, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980802700995.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"44","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Huron","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n 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E.","contributorId":11041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hebert","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weseloh, D.V. Chip","contributorId":60984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weseloh","given":"D.V.","email":"","middleInitial":"Chip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Idrissi, Abode","contributorId":94144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Idrissi","given":"Abode","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arts, Michael T.","contributorId":77781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arts","given":"Michael T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roseman, Edward F. eroseman@usgs.gov","contributorId":534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"Edward F.","email":"eroseman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":454014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036084,"text":"70036084 - 2009 - Benthic methylmercury production in lacustrine ecosystems of Nahuel Huapi National Park, Patagonia, Argentina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-15T07:02:56","indexId":"70036084","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Benthic methylmercury production in lacustrine ecosystems of Nahuel Huapi National Park, Patagonia, Argentina","docAbstract":"<p>Seasonal trends of benthic methylmercury (methyl-Hg) production were examined in both littoral and open water sites of three lakes (Escondido, Moreno, and Morenito) in the North Andean Patagonia region of Argentina. Potentials of methyl-Hg production were measured by amending sediment samples with inorganic<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>197</sup>Hg(II), incubating for either 24 and 32&nbsp;h at room temperature, and subsequently assaying the radiolabelled organomercury produced. Seasonal variations of benthic methyl-Hg production were studied but no significant correlation was observed. Lake littoral sites exhibited up to two fold higher methyl-Hg production potentials in most cases. Sediment from lakes Moreno and Morenito generally exhibited much lower (up to 10 fold) methyl-Hg production potentials than those from Lake Escondido, possibly due to differences in particulate and dissolved organic matter quantity and quality, which is higher in Lake Escondido and primarily allochthonous, whereas in lakes Moreno and Morenito is primarily autochthonous.</p><p>This study represents the first to directly examine benthic microbial Hg(II)-methylation in aquatic ecosystems of Patagonia.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.07.055","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Ribeiro, G.S., Catan, S., and Marvin-DiPasquale, M., 2009, Benthic methylmercury production in lacustrine ecosystems of Nahuel Huapi National Park, Patagonia, Argentina: Chemosphere, v. 77, no. 4, p. 471-477, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.07.055.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"471","endPage":"477","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":218512,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.07.055"},{"id":246529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Patagonia","volume":"77","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0c1e4b0c8380cd4a8c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ribeiro, Guevara S.","contributorId":57706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribeiro","given":"Guevara","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Catan, S.P.","contributorId":48803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catan","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, M.","contributorId":28367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036087,"text":"70036087 - 2009 - Delta lobe degradation and hurricane impacts governing large-scale coastal behavior, South-central Louisiana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:02","indexId":"70036087","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delta lobe degradation and hurricane impacts governing large-scale coastal behavior, South-central Louisiana, USA","docAbstract":"A large deficit in the coastal sediment budget, high rates of relative sea-level rise (???0.9 cm/year), and storm-induced current and wave erosion are forcing barrier shoreface retreat along the periphery of the Mississippi River delta plain. Additionally, conversion of interior wetlands to open water has increased the bay tidal prism, resulting in degradation of barrier islands due to inlet widening, formation of new inlets, and sediment sequestration at ebb-tidal deltas. Single-beam bathymetric surveys along a 165-km stretch of south-central Louisiana barrier coast, from Raccoon Point in Terrebonne Parish to Sandy Point in Plaquemines Parish, were conducted in 2006. These data, combined with historical bathymetry from three time periods (dating to the 1880s), provide a series of digital elevation models that were used to calculate sediment volumetric changes and determine long-term erosional-depositional trends. Dominant patterns during the 125-year period include (1) erosion of ???1.6????????10<sup>9</sup> m<sup>3</sup> from the shoreface, forcing up to 3 km of shoreface retreat, (2) sediment deposition in coastal bights and at ebb-tidal deltas, and (3) a combined increase in tidal inlet cross-sectional area from ???41,400 m<sup>2</sup> to ???139,500 m <sup>2</sup>. Bathymetric and shoreline change datasets separated by shorter time periods (sub-annual) demonstrate that these long-term trends are driven by processes associated with major hurricane impacts, and that rates of shoreface erosion are an order of magnitude greater during active hurricane seasons compared to long-term trends. ?? 2009 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00367-009-0156-4","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Miner, M., Kulp, M., FitzGerald, D.M., Flocks, J.G., and Weathers, H., 2009, Delta lobe degradation and hurricane impacts governing large-scale coastal behavior, South-central Louisiana, USA: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 29, no. 6, p. 441-453, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-009-0156-4.","startPage":"441","endPage":"453","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218541,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00367-009-0156-4"},{"id":246562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe77e4b0c8380cd4ed3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miner, M.D.","contributorId":56069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miner","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kulp, M.A.","contributorId":61138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"FitzGerald, D. M.","contributorId":55038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"FitzGerald","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flocks, J. G.","contributorId":92309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weathers, H.D.","contributorId":78975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weathers","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036088,"text":"70036088 - 2009 - Investigating different mechanisms for biogenic selenite transformations: <i>Geobacter sulfurreducens</i>, <i>Shewanella oneidensis</i> and <i>Veillonella atypica</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T10:21:42","indexId":"70036088","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1568,"text":"Environmental Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigating different mechanisms for biogenic selenite transformations: <i>Geobacter sulfurreducens</i>, <i>Shewanella oneidensis</i> and <i>Veillonella atypica</i>","docAbstract":"The metal-reducing bacteria Geobacter sulfurreducens, Shewanella oneidensis and Veillonella atypica, use different mechanisms to transform toxic, bioavailable sodium selenite to less toxic, non-mobile elemental selenium and then to selenide in anaerobic environments, offering the potential for in situ and ex situ bioremediation of contaminated soils, sediments, industrial effluents, and agricultural drainage waters. The products of these reductive transformations depend on both the organism involved and the reduction conditions employed, in terms of electron donor and exogenous extracellular redox mediator. The intermediary phase involves the precipitation of elemental selenium nanospheres and the potential role of proteins in the formation of these structures is discussed. The bionanomineral phases produced during these transformations, including both elemental selenium nanospheres and metal selenide nanoparticles, have catalytic, semiconducting and light-emitting properties, which may have unique applications in the realm of nanophotonics. This research offers the potential to combine remediation of contaminants with the development of environmentally friendly manufacturing pathways for novel bionanominerals. ?? 2009 Taylor & Francis.","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/09593330902984751","issn":"09593330","usgsCitation":"Pearce, C., Pattrick, R., Law, N., Charnock, J., Coker, V., Fellowes, J., Oremland, R., and Lloyd, J., 2009, Investigating different mechanisms for biogenic selenite transformations: <i>Geobacter sulfurreducens</i>, <i>Shewanella oneidensis</i> and <i>Veillonella atypica</i>: Environmental Technology, v. 30, no. 12, p. 1313-1326, https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330902984751.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1313","endPage":"1326","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476155,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":246589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218567,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330902984751"}],"volume":"30","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e67e4b0c8380cd63d5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearce, C.I.","contributorId":65315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pattrick, R.A.D.","contributorId":13761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pattrick","given":"R.A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Law, N.","contributorId":107970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Charnock, J.M.","contributorId":38296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charnock","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coker, V.S.","contributorId":24612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coker","given":"V.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fellowes, J.W.","contributorId":85451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellowes","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lloyd, J.R.","contributorId":42769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lloyd","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70036097,"text":"70036097 - 2009 - Fish movement and habitat use depends on water body size and shape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70036097","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish movement and habitat use depends on water body size and shape","docAbstract":"Home ranges are central to understanding habitat diversity, effects of fragmentation and conservation. The distance that an organism moves yields information on life history, genetics and interactions with other organisms. Present theory suggests that home range is set by body size of individuals. Here, we analyse estimates of home ranges in lakes and rivers to show that body size of fish and water body size and shape influence home range size. Using 71 studies including 66 fish species on five continents, we show that home range estimates increased with increasing water body size across water body shapes. This contrasts with past studies concluding that body size sets home range. We show that water body size was a consistently significant predictor of home range. In conjunction, body size and water body size can provide improved estimates of home range than just body size alone. As habitat patches are decreasing in size worldwide, our findings have implications for ecology, conservation and genetics of populations in fragmented ecosystems. ?? 2008 Blackwell Munksgaard.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0633.2008.00326.x","issn":"09066691","usgsCitation":"Woolnough, D., Downing, J.A., and Newton, T., 2009, Fish movement and habitat use depends on water body size and shape: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 18, no. 1, p. 83-91, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2008.00326.x.","startPage":"83","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476117,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2008.00326.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":218214,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2008.00326.x"},{"id":246202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a109ee4b0c8380cd53d3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woolnough, D.A.","contributorId":83370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woolnough","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downing, J. A.","contributorId":100466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newton, T.J.","contributorId":104428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036098,"text":"70036098 - 2009 - Sensitivity and resolution of tomographic pumping tests in an alluvial aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T17:30:40","indexId":"70036098","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity and resolution of tomographic pumping tests in an alluvial aquifer","docAbstract":"<p><span>Various investigators have proposed hydraulic tomography, the simultaneous analysis of responses to multiple well tests, as a means to obtain a high‐resolution characterization of aquifer flow properties. This study assesses the information content of drawdown records from a set of tomographic pumping tests in an alluvial aquifer, comparing the parameter sensitivity and resolution associated with transient and steady‐shape formulations of the objective function for the parameter estimation problem. The steady‐shape approach takes advantage of the rapid establishment of constant gradients within the region surrounding a pumping well, comparing observed drawdown differences within this region with drawdown differences predicted by a steady state model. Both the transient and steady‐shape approaches resolve&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>variations only within a limited distance of the pumping intervals and observation points. Relative to the transient approach, the steady‐shape approach reduces the influence of poorly resolved property variations, including<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>K</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>variations outside the region of investigation and storage coefficient variations throughout the model domain.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR007249","usgsCitation":"Bohling, G.C., 2009, Sensitivity and resolution of tomographic pumping tests in an alluvial aquifer: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 2, Article W02420; 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007249.","productDescription":"Article W02420; 21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476152,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr007249","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d25e4b08c986b318298","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohling, Geoffrey C.","contributorId":43109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohling","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036115,"text":"70036115 - 2009 - Geotechnical properties of cemented sands in steep slopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:02","indexId":"70036115","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2327,"text":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geotechnical properties of cemented sands in steep slopes","docAbstract":"An investigation into the geotechnical properties specific to assessing the stability of weakly and moderately cemented sand cliffs is presented. A case study from eroding coastal cliffs located in central California provides both the data and impetus for this study. Herein, weakly cemented sand is defined as having an unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of less than 100 kPa, and moderately cemented sand is defined as having UCS between 100 and 400 kPa. Testing shows that both materials fail in a brittle fashion and can be modeled effectively using linear Mohr-Coulomb strength parameters, although for weakly cemented sands, curvature of the failure envelope is more evident with decreasing friction and increasing cohesion at higher confinement. Triaxial tests performed to simulate the evolving stress state of an eroding cliff, using a reduction in confinement-type stress path, result in an order of magnitude decrease in strain at failure and a more brittle response. Tests aimed at examining the influence of wetting on steep slopes show that a 60% decrease in UCS, a 50% drop in cohesion, and 80% decrease in the tensile strength occurs in moderately cemented sand upon introduction to water. In weakly cemented sands, all compressive, cohesive, and tensile strength is lost upon wetting and saturation. The results indicate that particular attention must be given to the relative level of cementation, the effects of groundwater or surficial seepage, and the small-scale strain response when performing geotechnical slope stability analyses on these materials. ?? 2009 ASCE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000094","issn":"10900241","usgsCitation":"Collins, B., and Sitar, N., 2009, Geotechnical properties of cemented sands in steep slopes: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, v. 135, no. 10, p. 1359-1366, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000094.","startPage":"1359","endPage":"1366","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218479,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000094"}],"volume":"135","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28c3e4b0c8380cd5a3b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, B.D.","contributorId":57632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sitar, N.","contributorId":105092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sitar","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036116,"text":"70036116 - 2009 - Nest movement by piping plovers in response to changing habitat conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T13:34:34","indexId":"70036116","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest movement by piping plovers in response to changing habitat conditions","docAbstract":"<p><span>Birds that nest along reservoir or river shorelines may face fluctuating water levels that threaten nest survival. On Lake Sakakawea of the upper Missouri River, 37 and 70% of Piping Plover (</span><i>Charadrius melodus</i><span>) nests found in 2007 and 2008, respectively, were initiated at elevations inundated prior to projected hatch date. We describe eight events at seven nests in which adult Piping Plovers appeared to have moved active nests threatened by rising water or gathered eggs apparently displaced by rising water on Lake Sakakawea and the Garrison reach of the upper Missouri River. Additionally, we describe one nest that was moved after the habitat at the nest site had been disturbed by domestic cattle. Our observations and evidence indicate that adult Piping Plovers are capable of moving eggs and establishing nests at new sites during incubation. Furthermore, our results suggest that Piping Plovers evaluate their reproductive investment under potential threat of nest loss and may be capable of acting prospectively (moving nests prior to inundation) and reactively (regathering eggs after inundation) to avoid nest failure.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/cond.2009.080106","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Wiltermuth, M.T., Anteau, M.J., Sherfy, M.H., and Shaffer, T.L., 2009, Nest movement by piping plovers in response to changing habitat conditions: Condor, v. 111, no. 3, p. 550-555, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080106.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"550","endPage":"555","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476147,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080106","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218480,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080106"}],"volume":"111","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a647de4b0c8380cd729d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiltermuth, Mark T. 0000-0002-8871-2816 mwiltermuth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8871-2816","contributorId":708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiltermuth","given":"Mark","email":"mwiltermuth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anteau, Michael J. 0000-0002-5173-5870 manteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-5870","contributorId":3427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"Michael","email":"manteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherfy, Mark H. 0000-0003-3016-4105 msherfy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3016-4105","contributorId":125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherfy","given":"Mark","email":"msherfy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaffer, Terry L. 0000-0001-6950-8951 tshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8951","contributorId":3192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Terry","email":"tshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036134,"text":"70036134 - 2009 - Comparison of natural gases accumulated in Oligocene strata with hydrous pyrolysis gases from Menilite Shales of the Polish Outer Carpathians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:05","indexId":"70036134","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of natural gases accumulated in Oligocene strata with hydrous pyrolysis gases from Menilite Shales of the Polish Outer Carpathians","docAbstract":"This study examined the molecular and isotopic compositions of gases generated from different kerogen types (i.e., Types I/II, II, IIS and III) in Menilite Shales by sequential hydrous pyrolysis experiments. The experiments were designed to simulate gas generation from source rocks at pre-oil-cracking thermal maturities. Initially, rock samples were heated in the presence of liquid water at 330 ??C for 72 h to simulate early gas generation dominated by the overall reaction of kerogen decomposition to bitumen. Generated gas and oil were quantitatively collected at the completion of the experiments and the reactor with its rock and water was resealed and heated at 355 ??C for 72 h. This condition simulates late petroleum generation in which the dominant overall reaction is bitumen decomposition to oil. This final heating equates to a cumulative thermal maturity of 1.6% R<sub>r</sub>, which represents pre-oil-cracking conditions. In addition to the generated gases from these two experiments being characterized individually, they are also summed to characterize a cumulative gas product. These results are compared with natural gases produced from sandstone reservoirs within or directly overlying the Menilite Shales. The experimentally generated gases show no molecular compositions that are distinct for the different kerogen types, but on a total organic carbon (TOC) basis, oil prone kerogens (i.e., Types I/II, II and IIS) generate more hydrocarbon gas than gas prone Type III kerogen. Although the proportionality of methane to ethane in the experimental gases is lower than that observed in the natural gases, the proportionality of ethane to propane and i-butane to n-butane are similar to those observed for the natural gases. ??<sup>13</sup>C values of the experimentally generated methane, ethane and propane show distinctions among the kerogen types. This distinction is related to the ??<sup>13</sup>C of the original kerogen, with <sup>13</sup>C enriched kerogen generating more <sup>13</sup>C enriched hydrocarbon gases than kerogen less enriched in <sup>13</sup>C. The typically assumed linear trend for ??<sup>13</sup>C of methane, ethane and propane versus their reciprocal carbon number for a single sourced natural gas is not observed in the experimental gases. Instead, the so-called \"dogleg\" trend, exemplified by relatively <sup>13</sup>C depleted methane and enriched propane as compared to ethane, is observed for all the kerogen types and at both experimental conditions. Three of the natural gases from the same thrust unit had similar \"dogleg\" trends indicative of Menilite source rocks with Type III kerogen. These natural gases also contained varying amounts of a microbial gas component that was approximated using the ????<sup>13</sup>C for methane and propane determined from the experiments. These approximations gave microbial methane components that ranged from 13-84%. The high input of microbial gas was reflected in the higher gas:oil ratios for Outer Carpathian production (115-1568 Nm<sup>3</sup>/t) compared with those determined from the experiments (65-302 Nm<sup>3</sup>/t). Two natural gas samples in the far western part of the study area had more linear trends that suggest a different organic facies of the Menilite Shales or a completely different source. This situation emphasizes the importance of conducting hydrous pyrolysis on samples representing the complete stratigraphic and lateral extent of potential source rocks in determining specific genetic gas correlations. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.04.007","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Kotarba, M., Curtis, J.B., and Lewan, M.D., 2009, Comparison of natural gases accumulated in Oligocene strata with hydrous pyrolysis gases from Menilite Shales of the Polish Outer Carpathians: Organic Geochemistry, v. 40, no. 7, p. 769-783, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.04.007.","startPage":"769","endPage":"783","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218302,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.04.007"}],"volume":"40","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f87ae4b0c8380cd4d124","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kotarba, M.J.","contributorId":83240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotarba","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Curtis, John B.","contributorId":70972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Curtis","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":454390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewan, M. D.","contributorId":46540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036233,"text":"70036233 - 2009 - Effects of sediment transport and seepage direction on hydraulic properties at the sediment-water interface of hyporheic settings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70036233","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of sediment transport and seepage direction on hydraulic properties at the sediment-water interface of hyporheic settings","docAbstract":"Relations between seepage flux and hydraulic properties are difficult to quantify in fluvial settings because of the difficulty in measuring these variables in situ. Tests conducted in a 1.5-m diameter by 1.5-m tall sediment-filled tank indicate that hydraulic gradient increased and hydraulic conductivity (K) decreased following the onset of downward seepage but both parameters were little changed following the onset of upward seepage. Reductions in K during downward seepage were more pronounced when surface-water current was sufficient to mobilize sediment on the bed. Averaged ratios of K determined during upward seepage to K determined during downward seepage (K<sub>up</sub>/K<sub>down</sub>) through a sand-and-gravel bed increased from 1.4 to 1.7 with increasing surface-water velocity, and decreased to slightly greater than 1 when the sediment bed became fully mobile. K<sub>up</sub>/K<sub>down</sub> for tests conducted with a silt veneer on the bed surface was greater than 2 for all but the fastest surface-water velocities. Substantial reductions in K also were associated with a silt floc that formed on the bed surface during and following test runs. Although the silt floc was typically less than 0.5 mm in thickness, most of the hydraulic gradient was distributed across this thin layer. K of the thin silt floc was reduced by two to three orders of magnitude relative to the underlying sediment. Directional bias in K and relation between K and surface-water velocity require the presence or absence of a layer of lower-K sediment at or near the bed surface, without which no reduction in K and corresponding increase in hydraulic gradient can occur at the bed surface. The lack of prior observation of the consistent bias in K associated with seepage direction is somewhat surprising given the numerous studies where K has been measured in fluvial settings, but may be explained by the small value of the bias relative to the typical uncertainty associated with field determinations of K. If shown to exist in field settings, this bias and its relation to fluvial processes will be relevant to many studies conducted in hyporheic settings that require determination of fluxes across the sediment-water interface.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.030","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D., and Pitlick, J., 2009, Effects of sediment transport and seepage direction on hydraulic properties at the sediment-water interface of hyporheic settings: Journal of Hydrology, v. 373, no. 3-4, p. 377-391, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.030.","startPage":"377","endPage":"391","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218428,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.030"},{"id":246435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"373","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07c4e4b0c8380cd5180f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":455015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pitlick, J.","contributorId":57020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitlick","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036312,"text":"70036312 - 2009 - Application of iron and zinc isotopes to track the sources and mechanisms of metal loading in a mountain watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:12:53","indexId":"70036312","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of iron and zinc isotopes to track the sources and mechanisms of metal loading in a mountain watershed","docAbstract":"<p><span>Here the hydrogeochemical constraints of a tracer dilution study are combined with Fe and Zn isotopic measurements to pinpoint metal loading sources and attenuation mechanisms in an alpine watershed impacted by&nbsp;acid mine drainage. In the tested mountain catchment,&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>56</sup><span>Fe and&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>66</sup><span>Zn isotopic signatures of filtered stream water samples varied by ∼3.5‰ and 0.4‰, respectively. The inherent differences in the aqueous geochemistry of Fe and Zn provided complimentary isotopic information. For example, variations in&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>56</sup><span>Fe were linked to redox and precipitation reactions occurring in the stream, while changes in&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>66</sup><span>Zn were indicative of conservative mixing of different Zn sources.&nbsp;Fen&nbsp;environments contributed distinctively light dissolved Fe (&lt;−2.0‰) and isotopically heavy suspended Fe precipitates to the watershed, while Zn from the fen was isotopically heavy (&gt;+0.4‰). Acidic drainage from&nbsp;mine wastes&nbsp;contributed heavier dissolved Fe (∼+0.5‰) and lighter Zn (∼+0.2‰) isotopes relative to the fen.&nbsp;Upwelling&nbsp;of Fe-rich groundwater near the mouth of the catchment was the major source of Fe (</span><i>δ</i><sup>56</sup><span>Fe</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>∼</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0‰) leaving the watershed in surface flow, while runoff from&nbsp;mining wastes&nbsp;was the major source of Zn. The results suggest that given a strong framework for interpretation, Fe and Zn isotopes are useful tools for identifying and tracking metal sources and attenuation mechanisms in mountain watersheds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.03.010","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Borrok, D., Wanty, R., Ian, R.W., Lamothe, P.J., Kimball, B.A., Verplanck, P., and Runkel, R., 2009, Application of iron and zinc isotopes to track the sources and mechanisms of metal loading in a mountain watershed: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 7, p. 1270-1277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.03.010.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1270","endPage":"1277","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218199,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.03.010"}],"volume":"24","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eca5e4b0c8380cd493dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borrok, D.M.","contributorId":38775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borrok","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ian, Ridley W.","contributorId":96938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ian","given":"Ridley","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lamothe, P. J.","contributorId":45672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kimball, B. A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Verplanck, P. L. 0000-0002-3653-6419","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":106565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70036372,"text":"70036372 - 2009 - Characterizing canopy biochemistry from imaging spectroscopy and its application to ecosystem studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:04","indexId":"70036372","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing canopy biochemistry from imaging spectroscopy and its application to ecosystem studies","docAbstract":"For two decades, remotely sensed data from imaging spectrometers have been used to estimate non-pigment biochemical constituents of vegetation, including water, nitrogen, cellulose, and lignin. This interest has been motivated by the important role that these substances play in physiological processes such as photosynthesis, their relationships with ecosystem processes such as litter decomposition and nutrient cycling, and their use in identifying key plant species and functional groups. This paper reviews three areas of research to improve the application of imaging spectrometers to quantify non-pigment biochemical constituents of plants. First, we examine recent empirical and modeling studies that have advanced our understanding of leaf and canopy reflectance spectra in relation to plant biochemistry. Next, we present recent examples of how spectroscopic remote sensing methods are applied to characterize vegetation canopies, communities and ecosystems. Third, we highlight the latest developments in using imaging spectrometer data to quantify net primary production (NPP) over large geographic areas. Finally, we discuss the major challenges in quantifying non-pigment biochemical constituents of plant canopies from remotely sensed spectra.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2008.10.018","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Kokaly, R., Asner, G.P., Ollinger, S., Martin, M., and Wessman, C., 2009, Characterizing canopy biochemistry from imaging spectroscopy and its application to ecosystem studies: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. SUPPL. 1, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.10.018.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218142,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.10.018"},{"id":246127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4efe4b0c8380cd4bfff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kokaly, R.F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":42381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asner, Gregory P.","contributorId":25393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Asner","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":455773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ollinger, S.V.","contributorId":107967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ollinger","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, M.E.","contributorId":94097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wessman, C.A.","contributorId":48802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wessman","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036402,"text":"70036402 - 2009 - A proposed origin for fossilized Pennsylvanian plant cuticles by pyrite oxidation (Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:02","indexId":"70036402","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1104,"text":"Bulletin of Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A proposed origin for fossilized Pennsylvanian plant cuticles by pyrite oxidation (Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada)","docAbstract":"Fossilized cuticles, though rare in the roof rocks of coal seam in the younger part of the Pennsylvanian Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, represent nearly all of the major plant groups. Selected for investigation, by methods of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and elemental analysis, are fossilized cuticles (FCs) and cuticles extracted from compressions by Schulze's process (CCs) of Alethopteris ambigua. These investigations are supplemented by FTIR analysis of FCs and CCs of Cordaites principalis, and a cuticle-fossilized medullosalean(?) axis. The purpose of this study is threefold: (1) to try to determine biochemical discriminators between FCs and CCs of the same species using semi-quantitative FTIR techniques; (2) to assess the effects chemical treatments have, particularly Schulze's process, on functional groups; and most importantly (3) to study the primary origin of FCs. Results are equivocal in respect to (1); (2) after Schulze's treatment aliphatic moieties tend to be reduced relative to oxygenated groups, and some aliphatic chains may be shortened; and (3) a primary chemical model is proposed. The model is based on a variety of geological observations, including stratal distribution, clay and pyrite mineralogies associated with FCs and compressions, and regional geological structure. The model presupposes compression-cuticle fossilization under anoxic conditions for late authigenic deposition of sub-micron-sized pyrite on the compressions. Rock joints subsequently provided conduits for oxygen-enriched ground-water circulation to initiate in situ pyritic oxidation that produced sulfuric acid for macerating compressions, with resultant loss of vitrinite, but with preservation of cuticles as FCs. The timing of the process remains undetermined, though it is assumed to be late to post-diagenetic. Although FCs represent a pathway of organic matter transformation (pomd) distinct from other plant-fossilization processes, global applicability of the chemical models remains to be tested. CCs and FCs are inferred endpoints on a spectrum of pomd which complicates assessing origin of in-between transformations (partially macerated cuticles). FCs index highly acidic levels that existed locally in the roof rocks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3140/bull.geosci.1094","issn":"12141119","usgsCitation":"Zodrow, E., and Mastalerz, M., 2009, A proposed origin for fossilized Pennsylvanian plant cuticles by pyrite oxidation (Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada): Bulletin of Geosciences, v. 84, no. 2, p. 227-240, https://doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1094.","startPage":"227","endPage":"240","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488023,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1094","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":218556,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1094"},{"id":246578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e517e4b0c8380cd46b0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zodrow, E.L.","contributorId":99328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zodrow","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035224,"text":"70035224 - 2009 - Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) water fluxes before, during and after episodic defoliation by the saltcedar leaf beetle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T09:56:08","indexId":"70035224","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) water fluxes before, during and after episodic defoliation by the saltcedar leaf beetle","docAbstract":"Tamarisk (Tamarix) species are among the most successful and economically costly plant invaders in the western United States, in part due to its potential to remove large amounts of water from shallow aquifers. Accordingly, local, state and federal agencies have released a new biological control - the saltcedar leaf beetle (Diorhabda elongata) along many watersheds in the western United States to reduce the spread of tamarisk. The beetle defoliates tamarisk for much of the growing season resulting in potentially large seasonal declines in productivity, fitness, and water loss from tamarisk stands. We measured sap flux density (J<sub>s</sub>) using heat dissipation sensors to investigate water use patterns of tamarisk before, during and after a single, six week beetle-induced defoliation event in southeastern, Utah, USA. Granier-style probes were installed on 20 dominant trees from May through September 2008, a period that covers almost the entire growing season. As the beetle emerged from dormancy in mid-June, daytime and nighttime J<sub>s</sub> measurably increased for approximately two weeks before declining to less than 20% of predicted values (predicted by modeling J<sub>s</sub> with atmospheric vapor pressure deficit in May and June before defoliation). Tamarisk trees in mid-August produced new leaves and J<sub>s</sub> returned to pre-defoliation levels. Total J<sub>s</sub>, summed over the duration of the study was 13% lower than predicted values. These data suggest that defoliation results in only small changes in seasonal water loss from tamarisk stands. Current research is focusing on long-term ecohydrological impacts of tamarisk defoliation over multiple growing seasons.","largerWorkTitle":"Acta Horticulturae: VII International Workshop on Sap Flow","language":"English","issn":"05677572","isbn":"9789066056824","usgsCitation":"Hultine, K.R., Nagler, P., Dennison, P., Bush, S., and Ehleringer, J., 2009, Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) water fluxes before, during and after episodic defoliation by the saltcedar leaf beetle, v. 846, p.293-302.","productDescription":"p.293-302","startPage":"293","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266030,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.actahort.org/books/846/846_33.htm"}],"volume":"846","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3c7e4b08c986b31feb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hultine, K. R.","contributorId":102281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hultine","given":"K.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dennison, P.E.","contributorId":73430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennison","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bush, S.E.","contributorId":78567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ehleringer, J.R.","contributorId":47965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehleringer","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032947,"text":"70032947 - 2009 - Deficit irrigation of a landscape halophyte for reuse of saline waste water in a desert city","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032947","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2603,"text":"Landscape and Urban Planning","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deficit irrigation of a landscape halophyte for reuse of saline waste water in a desert city","docAbstract":"Saline waste waters from industrial and water treatment processes are an under-utilized resource in desert urban environments. Management practices to safely use these water sources are still in development. We used a deeprooted native halophyte, Atriplex lentiformis (quailbush), to absorb mildly saline effluent (1800 mg l-1 total dissolved solids, mainly sodium sulfate) from a water treatment plant in the desert community of Twentynine Palms, California. We developed a deficit irrigation strategy to avoid discharging water past the root zone to the aquifer. The plants were irrigated at about one-third the rate of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) calculated from meteorological data over five years and soil moisture levels were monitored to a soil depth of 4.7 m at monthly intervals with a neutron hydroprobe. The deficit irrigation schedule maintained the soil below field capacity throughout the study. Water was presented on a more or less constant schedule, so that the application rates were less than ETo in summer and equal to or slightly greater than ETo in winter, but the plants were able to consume water stored in the profile in winter to support summer ET. Sodium salts gradually increased in the soil profile over the study but sulfate levels remained low, due to formation of gypsum in the calcic soil. The high salt tolerance, deep roots, and drought tolerance of desert halophytes such as A. lentiformis lend these plants to use as deficit-irrigated landscape plants for disposal of effluents in urban setting when protection of the aquifer is important. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape and Urban Planning","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.10.008","issn":"01692","usgsCitation":"Glenn, E.P., Mckeon, C., Gerhart, V., Nagler, P., Jordan, F., and Artiola, J., 2009, Deficit irrigation of a landscape halophyte for reuse of saline waste water in a desert city: Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 89, no. 3-4, p. 57-64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.10.008.","startPage":"57","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213578,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.10.008"},{"id":241216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe36e4b0c8380cd4ebc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glenn, E. P.","contributorId":24463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"E.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mckeon, C.","contributorId":83342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mckeon","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerhart, V.","contributorId":71006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerhart","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jordan, F.","contributorId":80622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Artiola, J.","contributorId":82136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artiola","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
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