The U.S.Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center has conducted trawl surveys to assess annual changes in the deepwater demersal fish community of Lake Huron since 1973. Since 1992, surveys have been carried out using a 21 m wing trawl towed on-contour at depths ranging from 9 to 110 m on fixed transects. Sample sites include five ports in U.S. waters with less frequent sampling near Goderich, Ontario. The 2008 fall bottom trawl survey was carried out between October 24 and November 20, 2008 and sampled only the three northern U.S. ports at DeTour, Hammond Bay, and Alpena due to mechanical problems with the research vessel and prolonged periods of bad weather. Therefore, all data presented for 2008 are based on samples collected from these ports. Compared to previous years, alewife populations in Lake Huron remain at low levels after collapsing in 2004. Age-0 alewife density and biomass appears to have increased slightly but overall levels remain near the nadir observed in 2004. Density and biomass of adult and juvenile rainbow smelt showed a decrease from 2007 despite record-high abundance of juveniles observed in 2005, suggesting recruitment was low. Numbers of adult and juvenile bloater were low despite recent high year-classes. Abundances for most other prey species were similar to the low levels observed in 2005 - 2007. We captured one wild juvenile lake trout in 2008 representing the fifth consecutive year that wild lake trout were captured in the survey. Based on pairwise graphical comparisons and nonparametric correlation analyses, dynamics of prey abundance at the three northern ports followed lakewide trends since 1992. Density of benthic macroinvertebrates was at an all-time low in 2008 since sampling began in 2001. The decline in abundance was due to decreases in all taxonomic groups and a large reduction in recruitment of quagga mussels. Density of Diporeia at northern ports in 2008 was the lowest observed. Diporeia were found only at 73-m sites of three ports sampled in northern Lake Huron. While no lakewide estimate of prey biomass was calculated due to the limited spatial scope of the 2008 survey, existing data suggest prey biomass remains depressed. Prey available to salmonids during 2009 will likely be small alewives, small rainbow smelt and small bloaters. Predators in Lake Huron will continue to face potential prey shortages.
","conferenceTitle":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Lake Huron Committee Meeting","conferenceDate":"March 27, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Ypsilanti, MI","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Roseman, E., O’Brien, T.P., Riley, S.C., Farha, S., and French, J.R., 2009, Status and trends of the Lake Huron deepwater demersal fish ommunity, 2008, Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Lake Huron Committee Meeting, Ypsilanti, MI, March 27, 2009, 21 p.","productDescription":"21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-012475","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340122,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":313268,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glsc.usgs.gov/products/reports/2061639626"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Huron","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58fdbd1ce4b0074928294493","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roseman, Edward F. eroseman@usgs.gov","contributorId":147266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"Edward F.","email":"eroseman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":584227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Brien, Timothy P. 0000-0003-4502-5204 tiobrien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4502-5204","contributorId":2662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Timothy","email":"tiobrien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riley, Stephen C. 0000-0002-8968-8416 sriley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8968-8416","contributorId":2661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"Stephen","email":"sriley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":584230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farha, Steven A. 0000-0001-9953-6996 sfarha@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-6996","contributorId":5170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farha","given":"Steven","email":"sfarha@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"French, John R. 0000-0001-8901-7092 frenchjrp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8901-7092","contributorId":2519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"John","email":"frenchjrp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70187395,"text":"70187395 - 2009 - Dust emission at Franklin Lake Playa, Mojave Desert (USA): Response to meteorological and hydrologic changes 2005-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-01T15:36:44","indexId":"70187395","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2834,"text":"Natural Resources and Environmental Issues","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dust emission at Franklin Lake Playa, Mojave Desert (USA): Response to meteorological and hydrologic changes 2005-2008","docAbstract":"Playa type, size, and setting; playa hydrology; and surface-sediment characteristics are important controls on the type and amount of atmospheric dust emitted from playas. Soft, evaporite-rich sediment develops on the surfaces of some Mojave Desert (USA) playas (wet playas), where the water table is shallow (< 4 m). These areas are sources of atmospheric dust because of continuous or episodic replenishment of wind-erodible salts and disruption of the ground surface during salt formation by evaporation of ground water. Dust emission at Franklin Lake playa was monitored between March 2005 and April 2008. The dust record, based on day-time remote digital camera images captured during high wind, and compared with a nearby precipitation record, shows that aridity suppresses dust emission. High frequency of dust generation appears to be associated with relatively wet periods, identified as either heavy precipitation events or sustained regional precipitation over a few months. Several factors may act separately or in combination to account for this relation. Dust emission may respond rapidly to heavy precipitation when the dissolution of hard, wind-resistant evaporite mineral crusts is followed by the development of soft surfaces with thin, newly formed crusts that are vulnerable to wind erosion and (or) the production of loose aggregates of evaporite minerals that are quickly removed by even moderate winds. Dust loading may also increase when relatively high regional precipitation leads to decreasing depth to the water table, thereby increasing rates of vapor discharge, development of evaporite minerals, and temporary softening of playa surfaces. The seasonality of wind strength was not a major factor in dust-storm frequency at the playa. The lack of major dust emissions related to flood-derived sediment at Franklin Lake playa contrasts with some dry-lake systems elsewhere that may produce large amounts of dust from flood sediments. Flood sediments do not commonly accumulate on the surface of Franklin Lake playa because through-going drainage prevents frequent inundation and deposition of widespread flood sediment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Utah State University","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.L., Bogle, R., Vogel, J., Goldstein, H.L., and Yount, J., 2009, Dust emission at Franklin Lake Playa, Mojave Desert (USA): Response to meteorological and hydrologic changes 2005-2008: Natural Resources and Environmental Issues, v. 15, Article 18; 11 p,.","productDescription":"Article 18; 11 p,","ipdsId":"IP-007852","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340701,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/nrei/vol15/iss1/18"},{"id":340702,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59084936e4b0fc4e448ffda4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bogle, Rian rbogle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogle","given":"Rian","email":"rbogle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":693824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vogel, John","contributorId":99825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldstein, Harland L. 0000-0002-6092-8818 hgoldstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6092-8818","contributorId":147881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Harland","email":"hgoldstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":693826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yount, James","contributorId":65172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yount","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033169,"text":"70033169 - 2009 - Modeling carbon dioxide, pH, and un-ionized ammonia relationships in serial reuse systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033169","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":852,"text":"Aquacultural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling carbon dioxide, pH, and un-ionized ammonia relationships in serial reuse systems","docAbstract":"In serial reuse systems, excretion of metabolic carbon dioxide has a significant impact on ambient pH, carbon dioxide, and un-ionized ammonia concentrations. This impact depends strongly on alkalinity, water flow rate, feeding rate, and loss of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. A reduction in pH from metabolic carbon dioxide can significantly reduce the un-ionized ammonia concentration and increase the carbon dioxide concentrations compared to those parameters computed from influent pH. The ability to accurately predict pH in serial reuse systems is critical to their design and effective operation. A trial and error solution to the alkalinity-pH system was used to estimate important water quality parameters in serial reuse systems. Transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the air-water interface, at overflow weirs, and impacts of substrate-attached algae and suspended bacteria were modeled. Gas transfer at the weirs was much greater than transfer across the air-water boundary. This simulation model can rapidly estimate influent and effluent concentrations of dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, and un-ionized ammonia as a function of water temperature, elevation, water flow, and weir type. The accuracy of the estimates strongly depends on assumed pollutional loading rates and gas transfer at the weirs. The current simulation model is based on mean daily loading rates; the impacts of daily variation loading rates are discussed. Copies of the source code and executable program are available free of charge.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquacultural Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2008.10.004","issn":"01448","usgsCitation":"Colt, J., Watten, B., and Rust, M., 2009, Modeling carbon dioxide, pH, and un-ionized ammonia relationships in serial reuse systems: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 40, no. 1, p. 28-44, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2008.10.004.","startPage":"28","endPage":"44","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213368,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2008.10.004"},{"id":240986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5be5e4b0c8380cd6f89f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colt, J.","contributorId":74796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colt","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watten, B. 0000-0002-2227-8623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":83472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rust, M.","contributorId":74583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rust","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033128,"text":"70033128 - 2009 - Calibration of an estuarine sediment transport model to sediment fluxes as an intermediate step for simulation of geomorphic evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T09:52:45","indexId":"70033128","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibration of an estuarine sediment transport model to sediment fluxes as an intermediate step for simulation of geomorphic evolution","docAbstract":"Modeling geomorphic evolution in estuaries is necessary to model the fate of legacy contaminants in the bed sediment and the effect of climate change, watershed alterations, sea level rise, construction projects, and restoration efforts. Coupled hydrodynamic and sediment transport models used for this purpose typically are calibrated to water level, currents, and/or suspended-sediment concentrations. However, small errors in these tidal-timescale models can accumulate to cause major errors in geomorphic evolution, which may not be obvious. Here we present an intermediate step towards simulating decadal-timescale geomorphic change: calibration to estimated sediment fluxes (mass/time) at two cross-sections within an estuary. Accurate representation of sediment fluxes gives confidence in representation of sediment supply to and from the estuary during those periods. Several years of sediment flux data are available for the landward and seaward boundaries of Suisun Bay, California, the landward-most embayment of San Francisco Bay. Sediment flux observations suggest that episodic freshwater flows export sediment from Suisun Bay, while gravitational circulation during the dry season imports sediment from seaward sources. The Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS), a three-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic/sediment transport model, was adapted for Suisun Bay, for the purposes of hindcasting 19th and 20th century bathymetric change, and simulating geomorphic response to sea level rise and climatic variability in the 21st century. The sediment transport parameters were calibrated using the sediment flux data from 1997 (a relatively wet year) and 2004 (a relatively dry year). The remaining years of data (1998, 2002, 2003) were used for validation. The model represents the inter-annual and annual sediment flux variability, while net sediment import/export is accurately modeled for three of the five years. The use of sediment flux data for calibrating an estuarine geomorphic model guarantees that modeled geomorphic evolution will not exceed the actual supply of sediment from the watershed and seaward sources during the calibration period. Decadal trends in sediment supply (and therefore fluxes) can accumulate to alter decadal geomorphic change. Therefore, simulations of future geomorphic evolution are bolstered by this intermediate calibration step.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2007.09.005","issn":"02784","usgsCitation":"Ganju, N., and Schoellhamer, D., 2009, Calibration of an estuarine sediment transport model to sediment fluxes as an intermediate step for simulation of geomorphic evolution: Continental Shelf Research, v. 29, no. 1, p. 148-158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2007.09.005.","startPage":"148","endPage":"158","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213277,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2007.09.005"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f316e4b0c8380cd4b5be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ganju, N. K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":64782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"N. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033093,"text":"70033093 - 2009 - Sulfur- and oxygen-isotopes in sediment-hosted stratiform barite deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70033093","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfur- and oxygen-isotopes in sediment-hosted stratiform barite deposits","docAbstract":"Sulfur- and oxygen-isotope analyses have been obtained for sediment-hosted stratiform barite deposits in Alaska, Nevada, Mexico, and China to examine the environment of formation of this deposit type. The barite is contained in sedimentary sequences as old as Late Neoproterozoic and as young as Mississippian. If previously published data for other localities are considered, sulfur- and oxygen-isotope data are now available for deposits spanning a host-rock age range of Late Neoproterozoic to Triassic. On a ??34S versus ??18O diagram, many deposits show linear or concave-upward trends that project down toward the isotopic composition of seawater sulfate. The trends suggest that barite formed from seawater sulfate that had been isotopically modified to varying degrees. The ??34S versus ??18O patterns resemble patterns that have been observed in the modern oceans in pore water sulfate and water column sulfate in some anoxic basins. However, the closest isotopic analog is barite mineralization that occurs at fluid seeps on modern continental margins. Thus the data favor genetic models for the deposits in which barium was delivered by seafloor seeps over models in which barium was delivered by sedimentation of pelagic organisms. The isotopic variations within the deposits appear to reflect bacterial sulfate reduction operating at different rates and possibly with different electron donors, oxygen isotope exchange between reduction intermediates and H2O, and sulfate availability. Because they are isotopically heterogeneous, sediment-hosted stratiform barite deposits are of limited value in reconstructing the isotopic composition of ancient seawater sulfate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2008.10.011","issn":"00167","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.A., Emsbo, P., Poole, F.G., and Rye, R.O., 2009, Sulfur- and oxygen-isotopes in sediment-hosted stratiform barite deposits: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 73, no. 1, p. 133-147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.10.011.","startPage":"133","endPage":"147","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213303,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.10.011"},{"id":240915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9de7e4b08c986b31db78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, C. A. 0000-0002-1334-2996","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":27492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emsbo, P.","contributorId":59901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emsbo","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poole, F. G. 0000-0001-8487-0799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8487-0799","contributorId":104883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poole","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032876,"text":"70032876 - 2009 - Impacts of acidification on macroinvertebrate communities in streams of the western Adirondack Mountains, New York, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032876","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of acidification on macroinvertebrate communities in streams of the western Adirondack Mountains, New York, USA","docAbstract":"Limited stream chemistry and macroinvertebrate data indicate that acidic deposition has adversely affected benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in numerous headwater streams of the western Adirondack Mountains of New York. No studies, however, have quantified the effects that acidic deposition and acidification may have had on resident fish and macroinvertebrate communities in streams of the region. As part of the Western Adirondack Stream Survey, water chemistry from 200 streams was sampled five times and macroinvertebrate communities were surveyed once from a subset of 36 streams in the Oswegatchie and Black River Basins during 2003-2005 and evaluated to: (a) document the effects that chronic and episodic acidification have on macroinvertebrate communities across the region, (b) define the relations between acidification and the health of affected species assemblages, and (c) assess indicators and thresholds of biological effects. Concentrations of inorganic Al in 66% of the 200 streams periodically reached concentrations toxic to acid-tolerant biota. A new acid biological assessment profile (acidBAP) index for macroinvertebrates, derived from percent mayfly richness and percent acid-tolerant taxa, was strongly correlated (R2 values range from 0.58 to 0.76) with concentrations of inorganic Al, pH, ANC, and base cation surplus (BCS). The BCS and acidBAP index helped remove confounding influences of natural organic acidity and to redefine acidification-effect thresholds and biological-impact categories. AcidBAP scores indicated that macroinvertebrate communities were moderately or severely impacted by acidification in 44-56% of 36 study streams, however, additional data from randomly selected streams is needed to accurately estimate the true percentage of streams in which macroinvertebrate communities are adversely affected in this, or other, regions. As biologically relevant measures of impacts caused by acidification, both BCS and acidBAP may be useful indicators of ecosystem effects and potential recovery at the local and regional scale.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Indicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.04.004","issn":"14701","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B., Lawrence, G., Bode, R., Simonin, H.A., Roy, K.M., and Smith, A.J., 2009, Impacts of acidification on macroinvertebrate communities in streams of the western Adirondack Mountains, New York, USA: Ecological Indicators, v. 9, no. 2, p. 226-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.04.004.","startPage":"226","endPage":"239","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213962,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.04.004"},{"id":241639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38e0e4b0c8380cd61703","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":25174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bode, R.W.","contributorId":77341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bode","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simonin, H. A.","contributorId":85713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simonin","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roy, K. M.","contributorId":52710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, A. J.","contributorId":67040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033204,"text":"70033204 - 2009 - Temporal variations of Escherichia coli concentrations in a large Midwestern river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70033204","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal variations of Escherichia coli concentrations in a large Midwestern river","docAbstract":"The Raccoon River used by the Des Moines Water Works to serve more than 400,000 people in central Iowa is threatened by contamination from Escherichia coli bacteria from point and nonpoint sources. The 9389 km2 watershed is highly agricultural, with 73% of the land in row crop production and widespread animal production. Results from 2155 grab samples from 1997 to 2005 for E. coli analysis were examined for temporal variations. E. coli concentrations were found to vary across years, seasons, and flow conditions, with a 9-year mean value of 1156 most probable number (MPN)/100 ml. Monthly concentrations exhibited clear seasonality with highest values in May through July. Although E. coli concentrations were higher during periods of greater discharge, the relation of log E. coli to log discharge was not particularly strong (r2 = 0.35). The variogram of E. coli concentrations showed temporal correlation within a span of 4 days suggesting that concentrations measured on 1 day may be related in time to concentrations measured up to 3 days later and beyond 4 days the concentrations vary randomly. The spectral analysis of the time series of E. coli was also carried out and was fitted well with the spectrum of an exponential covariance function. Deciphering temporal patterns and correlation of E. coli bacteria in streams may be useful for developing future monitoring strategies to track concentration patterns and loads. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.11.029","issn":"00221","usgsCitation":"Schilling, K.E., Zhang, Y., Hill, D., Jones, C., and Wolter, C., 2009, Temporal variations of Escherichia coli concentrations in a large Midwestern river: Journal of Hydrology, v. 365, no. 1-2, p. 79-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.11.029.","startPage":"79","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213396,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.11.029"},{"id":241019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"365","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba52ee4b08c986b320885","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Y.-K.","contributorId":44309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.-K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, D.R.","contributorId":30455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, C.S.","contributorId":69368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolter, C.F.","contributorId":23301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolter","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033198,"text":"70033198 - 2009 - How processing digital elevation models can affect simulated water budgets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033198","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How processing digital elevation models can affect simulated water budgets","docAbstract":"For regional models, the shallow water table surface is often used as a source/sink boundary condition, as model grid scale precludes simulation of the water table aquifer. This approach is appropriate when the water table surface is relatively stationary. Since water table surface maps are not readily available, the elevation of the water table used in model cells is estimated via a two-step process. First, a regression equation is developed using existing land and water table elevations from wells in the area. This equation is then used to predict the water table surface for each model cell using land surface elevation available from digital elevation models (DEM). Two methods of processing DEM for estimating the land surface for each cell are commonly used (value nearest the cell centroid or mean value in the cell). This article demonstrates how these two methods of DEM processing can affect the simulated water budget. For the example presented, approximately 20% more total flow through the aquifer system is simulated if the centroid value rather than the mean value is used. This is due to the one-third greater average ground water gradients associated with the centroid value than the mean value. The results will vary depending on the particular model area topography and cell size. The use of the mean DEM value in each model cell will result in a more conservative water budget and is more appropriate because the model cell water table value should be representative of the entire cell area, not the centroid of the model cell.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00497.x","issn":"00174","usgsCitation":"Kuniansky, E., Lowery, M., and Campbell, B.G., 2009, How processing digital elevation models can affect simulated water budgets: Ground Water, v. 47, no. 1, p. 97-107, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00497.x.","startPage":"97","endPage":"107","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213310,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00497.x"},{"id":240922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3254e4b0c8380cd5e70f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuniansky, E. L.","contributorId":82342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"E. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowery, M.A.","contributorId":56754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowery","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, B. G.","contributorId":68764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032486,"text":"70032486 - 2009 - Hydrograph separation for karst watersheds using a two-domain rainfall-discharge model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032486","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrograph separation for karst watersheds using a two-domain rainfall-discharge model","docAbstract":"Highly parameterized, physically based models may be no more effective at simulating the relations between rainfall and outflow from karst watersheds than are simpler models. Here an antecedent rainfall and convolution model was used to separate a karst watershed hydrograph into two outflow components: one originating from focused recharge in conduits and one originating from slow flow in a porous annex system. In convolution, parameters of a complex system are lumped together in the impulse-response function (IRF), which describes the response of the system to an impulse of effective precipitation. Two parametric functions in superposition approximate the two-domain IRF. The outflow hydrograph can be separated into flow components by forward modeling with isolated IRF components, which provides an objective criterion for separation. As an example, the model was applied to a karst watershed in the Madison aquifer, South Dakota, USA. Simulation results indicate that this watershed is characterized by a flashy response to storms, with a peak response time of 1 day, but that 89% of the flow results from the slow-flow domain, with a peak response time of more than 1 year. This long response time may be the result of perched areas that store water above the main water table. Simulation results indicated that some aspects of the system are stationary but that nonlinearities also exist.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.11.001","issn":"00221","usgsCitation":"Long, A., 2009, Hydrograph separation for karst watersheds using a two-domain rainfall-discharge model: Journal of Hydrology, v. 364, no. 3-4, p. 249-256, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.11.001.","startPage":"249","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213819,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.11.001"},{"id":241479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"364","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a34f6e4b0c8380cd5fb7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andrew J.","contributorId":80023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032425,"text":"70032425 - 2009 - Groundwater's significance to changing hydrology, water chemistry, and biological communities of a floodplain ecosystem, Everglades, South Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032425","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater's significance to changing hydrology, water chemistry, and biological communities of a floodplain ecosystem, Everglades, South Florida, USA","docAbstract":"The Everglades (Florida, USA) is one of the world's larger subtropical peatlands with biological communities adapted to waters low in total dissolved solids and nutrients. Detecting how the pre-drainage hydrological system has been altered is crucial to preserving its functional attributes. However, reliable tools for hindcasting historic conditions in the Everglades are limited. A recent synthesis demonstrates that the proportion of surface-water inflows has increased relative to precipitation, accounting for 33% of total inputs compared with 18% historically. The largest new source of water is canal drainage from areas of former wetlands converted to agriculture. Interactions between groundwater and surface water have also increased, due to increasing vertical hydraulic gradients resulting from topographic and water-level alterations on the otherwise extremely flat landscape. Environmental solute tracer data were used to determine groundwater's changing role, from a freshwater storage reservoir that sustained the Everglades ecosystem during dry periods to a reservoir of increasingly degraded water quality. Although some of this degradation is attributable to increased discharge of deep saline groundwater, other mineral sources such as fertilizer additives and peat oxidation have made a greater contribution to water-quality changes that are altering mineral-sensitive biological communities. ?? Springer-Verlag 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-008-0379-x","issn":"14312","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J., and McCormick, P., 2009, Groundwater's significance to changing hydrology, water chemistry, and biological communities of a floodplain ecosystem, Everglades, South Florida, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 17, no. 1, p. 185-201, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0379-x.","startPage":"185","endPage":"201","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476265,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0379-x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213879,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0379-x"},{"id":241545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dc4e4b0c8380cd5c004","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, P.V.","contributorId":93272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032423,"text":"70032423 - 2009 - An integrated approach to assess broad-scale condition of coastal wetlands - The Gulf of Mexico Coastal Wetlands pilot survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032423","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"An integrated approach to assess broad-scale condition of coastal wetlands - The Gulf of Mexico Coastal Wetlands pilot survey","docAbstract":"The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) initiated a two-year regional pilot survey in 2007 to develop, test, and validate tools and approaches to assess the condition of northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) coastal wetlands. Sampling sites were selected from estuarine and palustrine wetland areas with herbaceous, forested, and shrub/scrub habitats delineated by the US Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory Status and Trends (NWI S&T) program and contained within northern GOM coastal watersheds. A multi-level, stepwise, iterative survey approach is being applied to multiple wetland classes at 100 probabilistically-selected coastal wetlands sites. Tier 1 provides information at the landscape scale about habitat inventory, land use, and environmental stressors associated with the watershed in which each wetland site is located. Tier 2, a rapid assessment conducted through a combination of office and field work, is based on best professional judgment and on-site evidence. Tier 3, an intensive site assessment, involves on-site collection of vegetation, water, and sediment samples to establish an integrated understanding of current wetland condition and validate methods and findings from Tiers 1 and 2. The results from this survey, along with other similar regional pilots from the Mid-Atlantic, West Coast, and Great Lakes Regions will contribute to a design and implementation approach for the National Wetlands Condition Assessment to be conducted by EPA's Office of Water in 2011. ?? Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.","largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-008-0668-9","issn":"01676","usgsCitation":"Nestlerode, J., Engle, V., Bourgeois, P., Heitmuller, P., Macauley, J., and Allen, Y., 2009, An integrated approach to assess broad-scale condition of coastal wetlands - The Gulf of Mexico Coastal Wetlands pilot survey, in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 150, no. 1-4, p. 21-29, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0668-9.","startPage":"21","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213847,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0668-9"}],"volume":"150","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea7ee4b0c8380cd488d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nestlerode, J.A.","contributorId":67738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nestlerode","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engle, V.D.","contributorId":15562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"V.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bourgeois, P.","contributorId":94498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourgeois","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heitmuller, P.T.","contributorId":70142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heitmuller","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Macauley, J.M.","contributorId":90491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macauley","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Allen, Y.C.","contributorId":63761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Y.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032487,"text":"70032487 - 2009 - Phenologically-tuned MODIS NDVI-based production anomaly estimates for Zimbabwe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T15:06:34","indexId":"70032487","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phenologically-tuned MODIS NDVI-based production anomaly estimates for Zimbabwe","docAbstract":"For thirty years, simple crop water balance models have been used by the early warning community to monitor agricultural drought. These models estimate and accumulate actual crop evapotranspiration, evaluating environmental conditions based on crop water requirements. Unlike seasonal rainfall totals, these models take into account the phenology of the crop, emphasizing conditions during the peak grain filling phase of crop growth. In this paper we describe an analogous metric of crop performance based on time series of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) imagery. A special temporal filter is used to screen for cloud contamination. Regional NDVI time series are then composited for cultivated areas, and adjusted temporally according to the timing of the rainy season. This adjustment standardizes the NDVI response vis-??-vis the expected phenological response of maize. A national time series index is then created by taking the cropped-area weighted average of the regional series. This national time series provides an effective summary of vegetation response in agricultural areas, and allows for the identification of NDVI green-up during grain filling. Onset-adjusted NDVI values following the grain filling period are well correlated with U.S. Department of Agriculture production figures, possess desirable linear characteristics, and perform better than more common indices such as maximum seasonal NDVI or seasonally averaged NDVI. Thus, just as appropriately calibrated crop water balance models can provide more information than seasonal rainfall totals, the appropriate agro-phenological filtering of NDVI can improve the utility and accuracy of space-based agricultural monitoring.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2008.08.015","issn":"00344","usgsCitation":"Funk, C., and Budde, M.E., 2009, Phenologically-tuned MODIS NDVI-based production anomaly estimates for Zimbabwe: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 1, p. 115-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.08.015.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213850,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.08.015"}],"volume":"113","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7889e4b0c8380cd7870d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, Chris 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":167070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Chris","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budde, Michael E. 0000-0002-9098-2751 mbudde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-2751","contributorId":3007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budde","given":"Michael","email":"mbudde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032398,"text":"70032398 - 2009 - Post-breeding season distribution of black-footed and Laysan albatrosses satellite-tagged in Alaska: Inter-specific differences in spatial overlap with North Pacific fisheries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70032398","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-breeding season distribution of black-footed and Laysan albatrosses satellite-tagged in Alaska: Inter-specific differences in spatial overlap with North Pacific fisheries","docAbstract":"We integrated satellite-tracking data from black-footed albatrosses (Phoebastria nigripes; n = 7) and Laysan albatrosses captured in Alaska (Phoebastria immutabilis; n = 18) with data on fishing effort and distribution from commercial fisheries in the North Pacific in order to assess potential risk from bycatch. Albatrosses were satellite-tagged at-sea in the Central Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and tracked during the post-breeding season, July-October 2005 and 2006. In Alaskan waters, fishing effort occurred almost exclusively within continental shelf and slope waters. Potential fishery interaction for black-footed albatrosses, which most often frequented shelf-slope waters, was greatest with sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) longline and pot fisheries and with the Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepsis) longline fishery. In contrast, Laysan albatrosses spent as much time over oceanic waters beyond the continental shelf and slope, thereby overlapping less with fisheries in Alaska than black-footed albatrosses. Regionally, Laysan albatrosses had the greatest potential fishery interaction with the Atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus monopterygius) trawl fishery in the Western Aleutian Islands and the sablefish pot fishery in the Central Aleutian Islands. Black-footed albatrosses ranged further beyond Alaskan waters than Laysan albatrosses, overlapping west coast Canada fisheries and pelagic longline fisheries in the subarctic transition domain; Laysan albatrosses remained north of these pelagic fisheries. Due to inter-specific differences in oceanic distribution and habitat use, the overlap of fisheries with the post-breeding distribution of black-footed albatrosses is greater than that for Laysan albatrosses, highlighting inter-specific differences in potential vulnerability to bycatch and risk of population-level impacts from fisheries. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2008.12.007","issn":"00063","usgsCitation":"Fischer, K., Suryan, R., Roby, D., and Balogh, G., 2009, Post-breeding season distribution of black-footed and Laysan albatrosses satellite-tagged in Alaska: Inter-specific differences in spatial overlap with North Pacific fisheries: Biological Conservation, v. 142, no. 4, p. 751-760, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.12.007.","startPage":"751","endPage":"760","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213939,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.12.007"}],"volume":"142","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e59e4b0c8380cd7a4ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, K.N.","contributorId":32360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"K.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suryan, R.M.","contributorId":52919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suryan","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roby, D.D. 0000-0001-9844-0992","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":70944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Balogh, G.R.","contributorId":74349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balogh","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176176,"text":"70176176 - 2009 - Integrating terrestrial LiDAR and stereo photogrammetry to map the Tolay lakebed in northern San Francisco Bay","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70176176,"text":"70176176 - 2009 - Integrating terrestrial LiDAR and stereo photogrammetry to map the Tolay lakebed in northern San Francisco Bay","indexId":"70176176","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Integrating terrestrial LiDAR and stereo photogrammetry to map the Tolay lakebed in northern San Francisco Bay"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":97928,"text":"sir20095049 - 2009 - Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","indexId":"sir20095049","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":97928,"text":"sir20095049 - 2009 - Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","indexId":"sir20095049","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-08T16:36:30.322055","indexId":"70176176","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Integrating terrestrial LiDAR and stereo photogrammetry to map the Tolay lakebed in northern San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"The Tolay Creek Watershed drains approximately 3,520 ha along the northern edge of San Francisco Bay. Surrounded by a mosaic of open space conservation easements and public wildlife areas, it is one of the only watersheds in this urbanized estuary that is protected from its headwaters to the bay. Tolay Lake is a seasonal, spring-fed lake found in the upper watershed that historically extended over 120 ha. Although the lakebed was farmed since the early 1860s, the majority of the lakebed was recently acquired by the Sonoma County Regional Parks Department to restore its natural habitat values. As part of the restoration planning process, we produced a digital elevation model (DEM) of the historic extent of Tolay Lake by integrating terrestrial LiDAR (light detection and ranging) and stereo photogrammetry datasets, and real-time kinematic (RTK) global positioning system (GPS) surveys. We integrated the data, generated a DEM of the lakebed and upland areas, and analyzed errors. The accuracy of the composite DEM was verified using spot elevations obtained from the RTK GPS. Thus, we found that by combining photogrammetry, terrestrial LiDAR, and RTK GPS, we created an accurate baseline elevation map to use in watershed restoration planning and design.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Third interagency conference on research in the watersheds","conferenceDate":"September 8-11, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Woo, I., Storesund, R., Takekawa, J.Y., Gardiner, R.J., and Ehret, S., 2009, Integrating terrestrial LiDAR and stereo photogrammetry to map the Tolay lakebed in northern San Francisco Bay, in Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation, Estes Park, CO, September 8-11, 2008, p. 279-284.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"284","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010725","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328099,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328098,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5049/pdf/Woo.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"northern San Francisco Bay, Tolay Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.52725601196288,\n 38.1975848123397\n ],\n [\n -122.51,\n 38.1975848123397\n ],\n [\n -122.51,\n 38.21748069161304\n ],\n [\n -122.52725601196288,\n 38.21748069161304\n ],\n [\n -122.52725601196288,\n 38.1975848123397\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7ffb4e4b0f2f0cebfc27e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woo, Isa 0000-0002-8447-9236 iwoo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8447-9236","contributorId":2524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woo","given":"Isa","email":"iwoo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storesund, Rune Rune","contributorId":121326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storesund","given":"Rune","suffix":"Rune","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gardiner, Rachel J.","contributorId":174164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardiner","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ehret, Steve Steve","contributorId":121092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehret","given":"Steve","suffix":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033200,"text":"70033200 - 2009 - Exotic plant species associations with horse trails, old roads, and intact native communities in the Missouri Ozarks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-21T20:53:03","indexId":"70033200","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exotic plant species associations with horse trails, old roads, and intact native communities in the Missouri Ozarks","docAbstract":"We compared the extent to which exotic species are associated with horse trails, old roads, and intact communities within three native vegetation types in Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri. We used a general linear model procedure and a Bonferroni multiple comparison test to compare exotic species richness, exotic to native species ratios, and exotic species percent cover across three usage types (horse trails, old roads, and intact communities) and three community types (river bottoms, upland waterways, and glades). We found that both exotic species richness and the ratio of exotic species to native species were greater in plots located along horse trails than in plots located either in intact native communities or along old roads. Native community types did not differ in the number of exotic species present, but river bottoms had a significantly higher exotic to native species ratio than glades. Continued introduction of exotic plant propagules may explain why horse trails contain more exotic species than other areas in a highly disturbed landscape.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Areas Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","doi":"10.3375/043.029.0106","issn":"08858","usgsCitation":"Stroh, E., and Struckhoff, M., 2009, Exotic plant species associations with horse trails, old roads, and intact native communities in the Missouri Ozarks: Natural Areas Journal, v. 29, no. 1, p. 50-56, https://doi.org/10.3375/043.029.0106.","startPage":"50","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267923,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3375/043.029.0106"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0db2e4b0c8380cd5314c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stroh, E.D.","contributorId":106717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stroh","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Struckhoff, M.A.","contributorId":84985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Struckhoff","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033130,"text":"70033130 - 2009 - Compensating for diminishing natural water: Predicting the impacts of water development on summer habitat of desert bighorn sheep","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70033130","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compensating for diminishing natural water: Predicting the impacts of water development on summer habitat of desert bighorn sheep","docAbstract":"Artificial water sources have been used for decades to enhance and restore wildlife habitat but the benefits of their use have been subject to debate. During the past century, the number of natural springs in Joshua Tree National Park, California, USA, has declined. In response to concerns about the viability of the bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) population, a number of water developments were constructed throughout the park. We modeled potential historical and present-day summer habitat of female bighorn sheep to evaluate the effectiveness of the artificial and remaining natural water sources in maintaining habitat and to determine how loss of artificial sources might affect future habitat availability. Prior to 1950, 583.5 km2 of summer habitat was potentially available. Presently, only 170.6 km2 of habitat is available around natural water sources and 153.5 km2 is available around guzzlers. When all perennial water sources are included in the habitat model (minus overlap), 302.3 km2 of summer habitat is potentially available. This represents only 51.7% of summer habitat available prior to 1950. Without artificial water developments, 47.7% of present-day summer habitat would be lost, which raises important management questions regarding the debate about what is natural or artificial within otherwise protected areas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.09.021","issn":"01401","usgsCitation":"Longshore, K., Lowrey, C., and Thompson, D., 2009, Compensating for diminishing natural water: Predicting the impacts of water development on summer habitat of desert bighorn sheep: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 73, no. 3, p. 280-286, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.09.021.","startPage":"280","endPage":"286","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213305,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.09.021"},{"id":240917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8c7e4b0c8380cd4d2bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Longshore, K.M.","contributorId":70337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longshore","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowrey, C.","contributorId":80905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowrey","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, D.B.","contributorId":74418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032524,"text":"70032524 - 2009 - Shallow water processes govern system-wide phytoplankton bloom dynamics: A modeling study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-08T09:05:19","indexId":"70032524","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2381,"text":"Journal of Marine Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow water processes govern system-wide phytoplankton bloom dynamics: A modeling study","docAbstract":"A pseudo-two-dimensional numerical model of estuarine phytoplankton growth and consumption, vertical turbulent mixing, and idealized cross-estuary transport was developed and applied to South San Francisco Bay. This estuary has two bathymetrically distinct habitat types (deep channel, shallow shoal) and associated differences in local net rates of phytoplankton growth and consumption, as well as differences in the water column's tendency to stratify. Because many physical and biological time scales relevant to algal population dynamics decrease with decreasing depth, process rates can be especially fast in the shallow water. We used the model to explore the potential significance of hydrodynamic connectivity between a channel and shoal and whether lateral transport can allow physical or biological processes (e.g. stratification, benthic grazing, light attenuation) in one sub-region to control phytoplankton biomass and bloom development in the adjacent sub-region. Model results for South San Francisco Bay suggest that lateral transport from a productive shoal can result in phytoplankton biomass accumulation in an adjacent deep, unproductive channel. The model further suggests that turbidity and benthic grazing in the shoal can control the occurrence of a bloom system-wide; whereas, turbidity, benthic grazing, and vertical density stratification in the channel are likely to only control local bloom occurrence or modify system-wide bloom magnitude. Measurements from a related field program are generally consistent with model-derived conclusions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.07.011","issn":"09247","usgsCitation":"Lucas, L., Koseff, J.R., Monismith, S., and Thompson, J., 2009, Shallow water processes govern system-wide phytoplankton bloom dynamics: A modeling study: Journal of Marine Systems, v. 75, no. 1-2, p. 70-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.07.011.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"86","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213853,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.07.011"}],"volume":"75","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e46e4b08c986b318834","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucas, L.V.","contributorId":62777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"L.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koseff, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":37915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koseff","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":436632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monismith, Stephen G.","contributorId":57228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monismith","given":"Stephen G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, J.K.","contributorId":103300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032530,"text":"70032530 - 2009 - Mapping of accumulated nitrogen in the sediment pore water of a eutrophic lake in Iowa, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032530","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping of accumulated nitrogen in the sediment pore water of a eutrophic lake in Iowa, USA","docAbstract":"A large pool of nitrogen in the sediment pore fluid of a eutrophic lake in Iowa, USA, was mapped in this study. Previously, the lake had supported fishing and boating, but today it no longer supports its designated uses as a recreational water body. In the top 5 cm of the lake bottom, the pore water nitrogen ranges between 3.1 and 1,250 ??g/cm3 of sediments, with an average of 160.3 ??g/cm3. Vertically, nitrate concentrations were measured as 153 ??g/cm3 at 0-10 cm, 162 ??g/cm3 at 10-20 cm, and 32 ??g/cm3 at 20-30 cm. Nitrate mass distribution was quantified as 3.67 ?? 103 kg (65%) in the bottom sediments, 172 kg (3%) in suspended particulates, and 1.83 ?? 103 kg (32%) in the dissolved phase. Soil runoff nutrients arrive at the lake from the heavily fertilized lands in the watershed. Upon sedimentation, a large mass of nitrogen desorbs from mineral particles to the relatively immobile pore fluid. Under favorable conditions, this nitrogen diffuses back into the water column, thereby dramatically limiting the lake's capability to process incoming nutrients from farmlands. Consequently, a condition of oxygen deficiency disrupts the post-season biological activities in the lake. ?? 2008 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-008-1317-x","issn":"09430","usgsCitation":"Iqbal, M., and Fields, C., 2009, Mapping of accumulated nitrogen in the sediment pore water of a eutrophic lake in Iowa, USA: Environmental Geology, v. 57, no. 2, p. 465-475, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-008-1317-x.","startPage":"465","endPage":"475","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213914,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-008-1317-x"},{"id":241586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5065e4b0c8380cd6b680","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iqbal, M.Z.","contributorId":45911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iqbal","given":"M.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fields, C.L.","contributorId":83343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fields","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032557,"text":"70032557 - 2009 - Evaluating the validity of using unverified indices of body condition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-14T13:38:29","indexId":"70032557","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2190,"text":"Journal of Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the validity of using unverified indices of body condition","docAbstract":"Condition indices are commonly used in an attempt to link body condition of birds to ecological variables of interest, including demographic attributes such as survival and reproduction. Most indices are based on body mass adjusted for structural body size, calculated as simple ratios or residuals from regressions. However, condition indices are often applied without confirming their predictive value (i.e., without being validated against measured values of fat and protein), which we term ‘unverified’ use. We evaluated the ability of a number of unverified indices frequently found in the literature to predict absolute and proportional levels of fat and protein across five species of waterfowl. Among indices we considered, those accounting for body size never predicted absolute protein more precisely than body mass, however, some indices improved predictability of fat, although the form of the best index varied by species. Further, the gain in precision by using a condition index to predict either absolute or percent fat was minimal (rise in r2≤0.13), and in many cases model fit was actually reduced. Our data agrees with previous assertions that the assumption that indices provide more precise indicators of body condition than body mass alone is often invalid. We strongly discourage the use of unverified indices, because subjectively selecting indices likely does little to improve precision and might in fact decrease predictability relative to using body mass alone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-048X.2008.04462.x","issn":"09088","usgsCitation":"Schamber, J., Esler, D., and Flint, P.L., 2009, Evaluating the validity of using unverified indices of body condition: Journal of Avian Biology, v. 40, no. 1, p. 49-56, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-048X.2008.04462.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213823,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-048X.2008.04462.x"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c01e4b0c8380cd529c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schamber, J.L.","contributorId":92012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schamber","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033063,"text":"70033063 - 2009 - Ecological impacts of lead mining on Ozark streams: Toxicity of sediment and pore water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033063","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1480,"text":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecological impacts of lead mining on Ozark streams: Toxicity of sediment and pore water","docAbstract":"We studied the toxicity of sediments downstream of lead-zinc mining areas in southeast Missouri, using chronic sediment toxicity tests with the amphipod, Hyalella azteca, and pore-water toxicity tests with the daphnid, Ceriodaphnia dubia. Tests conducted in 2002 documented reduced survival of amphipods in stream sediments collected near mining areas and reduced survival and reproduction of daphnids in most pore waters tested. Additional amphipod tests conducted in 2004 documented significant toxic effects of sediments from three streams downstream of mining areas: Strother Creek, West Fork Black River, and Bee Fork. Greatest toxicity occurred in sediments from a 6-km reach of upper Strother Creek, but significant toxic effects occurred in sediments collected at least 14 km downstream of mining in all three watersheds. Toxic effects were significantly correlated with metal concentrations (nickel, zinc, cadmium, and lead) in sediments and pore waters and were generally consistent with predictions of metal toxicity risks based on sediment quality guidelines, although ammonia and manganese may also have contributed to toxicity at a few sites. Responses of amphipods in sediment toxicity tests were significantly correlated with characteristics of benthic invertebrate communities in study streams. These results indicate that toxicity of metals associated with sediments contributes to adverse ecological effects in streams draining the Viburnum Trend mining district.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.05.013","issn":"01476","usgsCitation":"Besser, J., Brumbaugh, W.G., Allert, A., Poulton, B., Schmitt, C., and Ingersoll, C., 2009, Ecological impacts of lead mining on Ozark streams: Toxicity of sediment and pore water: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 72, no. 2, p. 516-526, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.05.013.","startPage":"516","endPage":"526","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213333,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.05.013"},{"id":240947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0554e4b0c8380cd50d68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Besser, J.M.","contributorId":91569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besser","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":106441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allert, A.L.","contributorId":55987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allert","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poulton, B.C.","contributorId":22930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulton","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmitt, C. J. 0000-0001-6804-2360","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":56339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033069,"text":"70033069 - 2009 - Late Pleistocene paleohydrology near the boundary of the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts, southeastern Arizona, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-23T15:51:02","indexId":"70033069","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene paleohydrology near the boundary of the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts, southeastern Arizona, USA","docAbstract":"Ground-water discharge (GWD) deposits form in arid environments as water tables rise and approach or breach the ground surface during periods of enhanced effective precipitation. Where preserved, these deposits contain information on the timing and elevation of past ground-water fluctuations. Here we report on the investigation of a series of GWD deposits that are exposed in discontinuous outcrops along a ???150-km stretch of the San Pedro Valley in southeastern Arizona, near the boundary of the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts. Chronologic, isotopic, geochemical, faunal assemblage (ostracodes and gastropods), and sedimentological evidence collectively suggest that the elevation of the regional water table in the valley rose in response to a change in climate ???50 ka ago and remained relatively high for the next ???35 ka before falling during the B??lling-Aller??d warm period, rebounding briefly during the Younger Dryas cold event, and falling again at the onset of the Holocene. The timing of these hydrologic changes coincides closely with variations in ??18O values of calcite from a nearby speleothem to the west and changes in lake levels at pluvial Lake Cochise to the east. Thus, in southeastern Arizona, the assumption that changes in climate are reflected in all aspects of the hydrologic cycle of a region simultaneously is validated. The timing of these changes also broadly coincides with variations in the GISP2 ??18O record, which supports the hypothesis that atmospheric teleconnections existed between the North Atlantic and the deserts of the American Southwest during the late Pleistocene.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.09.022","issn":"02773","usgsCitation":"Pigati, J., Bright, J.E., Shanahan, T.M., and Mahan, S., 2009, Late Pleistocene paleohydrology near the boundary of the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts, southeastern Arizona, USA: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 28, no. 3-4, p. 286-300, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.09.022.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"286","endPage":"300","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213458,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.09.022"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"San Pedro Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.49636840820312,\n 32.20699135272648\n ],\n [\n -110.49636840820312,\n 32.3590832787397\n ],\n [\n -110.29037475585936,\n 32.3590832787397\n ],\n [\n -110.29037475585936,\n 32.20699135272648\n ],\n [\n -110.49636840820312,\n 32.20699135272648\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4517e4b0c8380cd6701c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pigati, Jeffery S. jpigati@usgs.gov","contributorId":1270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pigati","given":"Jeffery S.","email":"jpigati@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bright, Jordon E.","contributorId":44030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bright","given":"Jordon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":439248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shanahan, Timothy M.","contributorId":85082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanahan","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":1215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032872,"text":"70032872 - 2009 - Integrated treatment process using a natural Wyoming clinoptilolite for remediating produced waters from coalbed natural gas operations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70032872","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":828,"text":"Applied Clay Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated treatment process using a natural Wyoming clinoptilolite for remediating produced waters from coalbed natural gas operations","docAbstract":"Coalbed natural gas (CBNG) development in western U.S. states has resulted in an increase in an essential energy resource, but has also resulted in environmental impacts and additional regulatory needs. A concern associated with CBNG development relates to the production of the copious quantities of potentially saline-sodic groundwater required to recover the natural gas, hereafter referred to as CBNG water. Management of CBNG water is a major environmental challenge because of its quantity and quality. In this study, a locally available Na-rich natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) from Wyoming (WY) was examined for its potential to treat CBNG water to remove Na+ and lower the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR, mmol1/2 L- 1/2). The zeolite material was Ca-modified before being used in column experiments. Column breakthrough studies indicated that a metric tonne (1000??kg) of Ca-WY-zeolite could be used to treat 60,000??L of CBNG water in order to lower SAR of the CBNG water from 30 to an acceptable level of 10??mmol1/2 L- 1/2. An integrated treatment process using Na-WY-zeolite for alternately treating hard water and CBNG water was also examined for its potential to treat problematic waters in the region. Based on the results of this study, use of WY-zeolite appears to be a cost-effective water treatment technology for maximizing the beneficial use of poor-quality CBNG water. Ongoing studies are evaluating water treatment techniques involving infiltration ponds lined with zeolite. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Clay Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2008.03.007","issn":"01691","usgsCitation":"Zhao, H., Vance, G., Urynowicz, M., and Gregory, R., 2009, Integrated treatment process using a natural Wyoming clinoptilolite for remediating produced waters from coalbed natural gas operations: Applied Clay Science, v. 42, no. 3-4, p. 379-385, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2008.03.007.","startPage":"379","endPage":"385","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213904,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2008.03.007"},{"id":241574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c6ee4b0c8380cd62d1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhao, H.","contributorId":82931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhao","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vance, G.F.","contributorId":95915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vance","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Urynowicz, M.A.","contributorId":62419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urynowicz","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gregory, R.W.","contributorId":105543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregory","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033039,"text":"70033039 - 2009 - Sulfur geochemistry of hydrothermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: IV Acid-sulfate waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T10:58:36","indexId":"70033039","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfur geochemistry of hydrothermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: IV Acid-sulfate waters","docAbstract":"Many waters sampled in Yellowstone National Park, both high-temperature (30-94 ??C) and low-temperature (0-30 ??C), are acid-sulfate type with pH values of 1-5. Sulfuric acid is the dominant component, especially as pH values decrease below 3, and it forms from the oxidation of elemental S whose origin is H2S in hot gases derived from boiling of hydrothermal waters at depth. Four determinations of pH were obtained: (1) field pH at field temperature, (2) laboratory pH at laboratory temperature, (3) pH based on acidity titration, and (4) pH based on charge imbalance (at both laboratory and field temperatures). Laboratory pH, charge imbalance pH (at laboratory temperature), and acidity pH were in close agreement for pH < 2.7. Field pH measurements were predominantly used because the charge imbalance was ??10%, a selection process was used to compare acidity, laboratory, and charge balance pH to arrive at the best estimate. Differences between laboratory and field pH can be explained based on Fe oxidation, H2S or S2O3 oxidation, CO2 degassing, and the temperature-dependence of pK2 for H2SO4. Charge imbalances are shown to be dependent on a speciation model for pH values <3. The highest SO4 concentrations, in the thousands of mg/L, result from evaporative concentration at elevated temperatures as shown by the consistently high ??18O values (-10??? to -3???) and a ??D vs. ??18O slope of 3, reflecting kinetic fractionation. Low SO4 concentrations (<100 mg/L) for thermal waters (>350 mg/L Cl) decrease as the Cl- concentration increases from boiling which appears inconsistent with the hypothesis of H2S oxidation as a source of hydrothermal SO4. This trend is consistent with the alternate hypothesis of anhydrite solubility equilibrium. Acid-sulfate water analyses are occasionally high in As, Hg, and NH3 concentrations but in contrast to acid mine waters they are low to below detection in Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb concentrations. Even concentrations of SO4, Fe, and Al are much lower in thermal waters than acid mine waters of the same pH. This difference in water chemistry may explain why certain species of fly larvae live comfortably in Yellowstone's acid waters but have not been observed in acid rock drainage of the same pH.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.019","issn":"08832","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., McCleskey, R.B., and Ball, J., 2009, Sulfur geochemistry of hydrothermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: IV Acid-sulfate waters: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 2, p. 191-207, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.019.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"207","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213456,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.019"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dd7e4b08c986b31db00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033041,"text":"70033041 - 2009 - Transport of viruses through saturated and unsaturated columns packed with sand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T10:26:25","indexId":"70033041","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3646,"text":"Transport in Porous Media","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of viruses through saturated and unsaturated columns packed with sand","docAbstract":"Laboratory-scale virus transport experiments were conducted in columns packed with sand under saturated and unsaturated conditions. The viruses employed were the male-specific RNA coliphage, MS2, and the Salmonella typhimurium phage, PRD1. The mathematical model developed by Sim and Chrysikopoulos (Water Resour Res 36:173–179, 2000) that accounts for processes responsible for removal of viruses during vertical transport in one-dimensional, unsaturated porous media was used to fit the data collected from the laboratory experiments. The liquid to liquid–solid and liquid to air–liquid interface mass transfer rate coefficients were shown to increase for both bacteriophage as saturation levels were reduced. The experimental results indicate that even for unfavorable attachment conditions within a sand column (e.g., phosphate-buffered saline solution; pH = 7.5; ionic strength = 2 mM), saturation levels can affect virus transport through porous media.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11242-008-9239-3","issn":"01693","usgsCitation":"Anders, R., and Chrysikopoulos, C., 2009, Transport of viruses through saturated and unsaturated columns packed with sand: Transport in Porous Media, v. 76, no. 1, p. 121-138, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-008-9239-3.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"138","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213488,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-008-9239-3"}],"volume":"76","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb75ae4b08c986b3271f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anders, R.","contributorId":74174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chrysikopoulos, C.V.","contributorId":16214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chrysikopoulos","given":"C.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034426,"text":"70034426 - 2009 - Metal contamination and post-remediation recovery in the Boulder River watershed, Jefferson County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T07:49:26","indexId":"70034426","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1758,"text":"Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metal contamination and post-remediation recovery in the Boulder River watershed, Jefferson County, Montana","docAbstract":"The legacy of acid mine drainage and toxic trace metals left in streams by historical mining is being addressed by many important yet costly remediation efforts. Monitoring of environmental conditions frequently is not performed but is essential to evaluate remediation effectiveness, determine whether clean-up goals have been met, and assess which remediation strategies are most effective. Extensive pre- and post-remediation data for water and sediment quality for the Boulder River watershed in southwestern Montana provide an unusual opportunity to demonstrate the importance of monitoring. The most extensive restoration in the watershed occurred at the Comet mine on High Ore Creek and resulted in the most dramatic improvement in aquatic habitat. Removal of contaminated sediment and tailings, and stream-channel reconstruction reduced Cd and Zn concentrations in water such that fish are now present, and reduced metal concentrations in streambed sediment by a factor of c. 10, the largest improvement in the district. Waste removals at the Buckeye/Enterprise and Bullion mine sites produced limited or no improvement in water and sediment quality, and acidic drainage from mine adits continues to degrade stream aquatic habitat. Recontouring of hillslopes that had funnelled runoff into the workings of the Crystal mine substantially reduced metal concentrations in Uncle Sam Gulch, but did not eliminate all of the acidic adit drainage. Lead isotopic evidence suggests that the Crystal mine rather than the Comet mine is now the largest source of metals in streambed sediment of the Boulder River. The completed removal actions prevent additional contaminants from entering the stream, but it may take many years for erosional processes to diminish the effects of contaminated sediment already in streams. Although significant strides have been made, additional efforts to seal draining adits or treat the adit effluent at the Bullion and Crystal mines would need to be completed to achieve the desired restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/1467-7873/09-191","issn":"14677873","usgsCitation":"Unruh, D.M., Church, S.E., Nimick, D.A., and Fey, D.L., 2009, Metal contamination and post-remediation recovery in the Boulder River watershed, Jefferson County, Montana: Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, v. 9, no. 2, p. 179-199, https://doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/09-191.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"199","costCenters":[{"id":102,"text":"Abandoned Mine Lands Initiative","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487187,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Metal_contamination_and_post-remediation_recovery_in_the_Boulder_River_watershed_Jefferson_County_Montana/3454634","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Boulder River watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.4066162109375, 46.2 ], [ -111.79412841796875, 46.2 ], [ -111.79412841796875, 46.5720787149159 ], [ -112.4066162109375, 46.5720787149159 ], [ -112.4066162109375, 46.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5476e4b0c8380cd6cfab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Unruh, Daniel M.","contributorId":181915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Unruh","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Church, Stanley E","contributorId":121086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nimick, David A. dnimick@usgs.gov","contributorId":421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","email":"dnimick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}