A protracted period (2014-2016) of anomalously warm water in the northeast Pacific Ocean precipitated an extensive die-off of common murres Uria aalge (hereafter ‘murres’) during 2015-2016, accompanied by reduced colony attendance and reproductive success of murres and black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla (‘kittiwakes’) starting in 2015. Most murres died of starvation following a large-scale reduction in abundance and quality of forage fish. To assess murre and kittiwake recovery following the marine heatwave, we monitored their demographics at 2 colonies (Chisik and Gull Islands) in Cook Inlet, Alaska (USA), from 2016 to 2019. Compared to historic data (1995-1999), we observed declines and increased variability in colony attendance and productivity across species and colonies, and predation was widespread. At Chisik, where food limitations were common during historic studies, both species experienced substantial population declines and reproductive failures in all 4 years (2016-2019) following the heatwave. At Gull, a typically productive colony during historic studies, murres failed to fledge chicks for 3 years (2016-2018) following the heatwave. By 2019, murre productivity recovered to about half that observed during historic studies (0.28 vs. 0.54 chicks per pair), but populations had declined by half. Kittiwake population size at Gull declined a quarter from historic counts, and reproduction alternated between complete breeding failures (2016/2018) and high productivity (2017/2019). These multi-year demographic impacts indicate lingering effects of the heatwave on kittiwakes and murres through forage fish depletion and increased predator disturbance, and possibly other stressors. It remains unknown whether populations can rebound to historic levels. If so, recovery would likely take decades.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/meps14177","usgsCitation":"Schoen, S.K., Arimitsu, M.L., Marsteller, C.E., and Piatt, J., 2024, Lingering impacts of the 2014-2016 northeast Pacific marine heatwave on seabird demography in Cook Inlet, Alaska (USA): Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 737, p. 121-136, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14177.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"136","ipdsId":"IP-139150","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441302,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14177","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":409415,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.86692834754194,\n 58.461367338468136\n ],\n [\n -148.58541629436866,\n 58.461367338468136\n ],\n [\n -148.58541629436866,\n 61.78410578839723\n ],\n [\n -154.86692834754194,\n 61.78410578839723\n ],\n [\n -154.86692834754194,\n 58.461367338468136\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"737","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoen, Sarah K. 0000-0002-5685-5185 sschoen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5685-5185","contributorId":5136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoen","given":"Sarah","email":"sschoen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arimitsu, Mayumi L. 0000-0001-6982-2238 marimitsu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6982-2238","contributorId":140501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arimitsu","given":"Mayumi","email":"marimitsu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marsteller, Caitlin Elizabeth 0000-0002-2430-0708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2430-0708","contributorId":251784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsteller","given":"Caitlin","email":"","middleInitial":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":244053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70256707,"text":"70256707 - 2024 - Paradigm versus paradox on the prairie: Testing competing stream fish movement frameworks using an imperiled Great Plains minnow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-03T15:11:20.094795","indexId":"70256707","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-22T10:02:45","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2792,"text":"Movement Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paradigm versus paradox on the prairie: Testing competing stream fish movement frameworks using an imperiled Great Plains minnow","docAbstract":"Movement information can improve conservation of imperiled species, yet movement is not quantified for many organisms in need of conservation. Prairie chub (Macrhybopsis australis) is a regionally endemic freshwater fish with unquantified movement ecology and currently considered for listing under the Endangered Species Act. The purpose of this study was to test competing ecological theories for prairie chub movement, including the colonization cycle hypothesis (CCH) that posits adults must make upstream movements to compensate for downstream drift at early life stages, and the restricted movement paradigm (RMP) that describes populations as heterogeneous mixes of mostly stationary and few mobile fish.
We tagged prairie chub with visible implant elastomer during the summer (May–August) of 2019 and 2020 to estimate net distance moved (m) and movement rate (m/d). We tested the hypotheses that observed prairie chub movement would be greater than expected under the RMP and that prairie chub movement would be biased in an upstream direction as predicted by the CCH.
We tagged 5771 prairie chub and recaptured 213 individuals across 2019 and 2020. The stationary and mobile components of the prairie chub population moved an order of magnitude further and faster than expected under the RMP during both years. However, we found only limited evidence of upstream bias in adult prairie chub movement as would be expected under the CCH.
Our findings are partly inconsistent with the RMP and the CCH, and instead closely follow the drift paradox (DP), in which upstream populations persist despite presumed downstream drift during early life stages and in the apparent absence of upstream bias in recolonization. Previous mathematical solutions to the DP suggest organisms that experience drift maintain upstream populations through either minimization of drift periods such that small amounts of upstream movement are needed to counter the effects of advection or increasing dispersal regardless of directionality. We conclude that the resolution to the DP for prairie chub is an increase in total dispersal and our results provide insight into the spatial scales at which prairie chub conservation and management may need to operate to maintain broad-scale habitat connectivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"BMC","doi":"10.1186/s40462-022-00306-9","usgsCitation":"Steffensmeier, Z., Wedgeworth, M., Yancy, L., Santee, N., Brewer, S.K., and Perkin, J., 2024, Paradigm versus paradox on the prairie: Testing competing stream fish movement frameworks using an imperiled Great Plains minnow: Movement Ecology, v. 10, 8, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-022-00306-9.","productDescription":"8, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-129827","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-022-00306-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433406,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Upper Red River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.53999110651326,\n 34.46203470581571\n ],\n [\n -99.53999110651326,\n 34.01411561470975\n ],\n [\n -98.91228898932087,\n 34.01411561470975\n ],\n [\n -98.91228898932087,\n 34.46203470581571\n ],\n [\n -99.53999110651326,\n 34.46203470581571\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steffensmeier, Z.D.","contributorId":276153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steffensmeier","given":"Z.D.","affiliations":[{"id":6747,"text":"Texas A&M University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wedgeworth, M.","contributorId":276151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wedgeworth","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yancy, L.","contributorId":341639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yancy","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6747,"text":"Texas A&M University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Santee, N.","contributorId":341641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Santee","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6747,"text":"Texas A&M University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brewer, Shannon K. 0000-0002-1537-3921 skbrewer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1537-3921","contributorId":2252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Shannon","email":"skbrewer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Perkin, J.S.","contributorId":276147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perkin","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6747,"text":"Texas A&M University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70261887,"text":"70261887 - 2024 - A latest Pleistocene and Holocene composite tephrostratigraphic framework for northeastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-31T16:08:38.559478","indexId":"70261887","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A latest Pleistocene and Holocene composite tephrostratigraphic framework for northeastern North America","docAbstract":"Lakes and bogs in northeastern North America preserve tephra deposits sourced from multiple volcanic systems in the Northern Hemisphere. However, most studies of these deposits focus on specific Holocene intervals and the latest Pleistocene, providing snapshots rather than a full picture. We combine new data with previous work, supplemented by a broad review of the characteristics and ages of potential source regions and volcanoes, to develop the first composite tephrostratigraphic framework covering the last ~14,000 years for this region. We report new cryptotephra records from three ombrotrophic peat bogs—Irwin Smith (Michigan), Bloomingdale (New York), and Sidney Bog (Maine)—as well as new analyses and age models from previously reported sites, Nordan’s Pond Bog (Newfoundland) and Thin-Ice Pond (Nova Scotia). A new tephra (Iliinsky) from the NGRIP and GRIP ice cores is also presented as it can be correlated to new data from these terrestrial records and helps validate radiocarbon age models. We identify 21 new tephra in addition to the 15 already known, several of which cover the entire region – the White River Ash east, Newberry Pumice, Ruppert (NDN230), and Mazama. For the first time we find Mount St. Helens Yn (ca. 3660 cal yr BP) and a set P tephra (~3000–2550 cal yr BP), and confirm the presence of Jala Pumice from Volcan Ceboruco, Mexico, and KS1 from Ksudach volcano, Kamchatka. We describe new “ultra-distal” tephra, including the early Holocene KS2 eruption, and propose correlations to volcanoes Iliinsky and Shiveluch of Kamchatka, and Ushishir of the Kurile Islands. Not all of these tephra represent large eruptions, with several plausible correlations to sub-Plinian events. Using Bayesian age-modeling, we present new age estimates for the newly described tephra, for tephra with previously poor age control, and for several proximal correlatives. Overall, we demonstrate northeastern North America’s importance for providing transcontinental linkages between paleoenvironmental records and providing insights into ash distribution from different styles and sizes of eruptions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107242","usgsCitation":"Jensen, B.J., Davies, L.J., Nolan, C.J., Pyne-O’Donnell, S., Monteath, A., Ponomareva, V., Portnyagin, M., Booth, R.K., Bursik, M., Cook, E., Plunkett, G., Vallance, J.W., Luo, Y., Cwynar, L., Hughes, P., and Pearson, D., 2024, A latest Pleistocene and Holocene composite tephrostratigraphic framework for northeastern North America: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 272, 107242, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107242.","productDescription":"107242, 31 p.","ipdsId":"IP-133544","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107242","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":465569,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"northeastern North America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.70710190314398,\n 45.89875407338073\n ],\n [\n -87.25715165097691,\n 41.88494584293869\n ],\n [\n -70.39038584514105,\n 42.568403377972174\n ],\n [\n -61.02421079487245,\n 44.282776992445974\n ],\n [\n -51.839625858910196,\n 47.329526024513775\n ],\n [\n -51.90792307454112,\n 48.349799922260345\n ],\n [\n -54.77047158421425,\n 51.839642161004456\n ],\n [\n -65.24334883460824,\n 49.434251662776575\n ],\n [\n -86.70710190314398,\n 45.89875407338073\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"272","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jensen, Britta J.L. 0000-0001-9134-7170","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9134-7170","contributorId":244298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Britta","email":"","middleInitial":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":36696,"text":"University of Alberta","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davies, Lauren J.","contributorId":345657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davies","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":82680,"text":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nolan, Connor J. 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University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Plunkett, Gill 0000-0003-1014-3454","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1014-3454","contributorId":288522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plunkett","given":"Gill","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61787,"text":"Queen’s University Belfast","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Vallance, James W. 0000-0002-3083-5469 jvallance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5469","contributorId":547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"James","email":"jvallance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Luo, Yantao","contributorId":204972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luo","given":"Yantao","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37017,"text":"College of Mathematics and System Sciences, Xinjiang University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Cwynar, Les C. 0000-0002-4415-6352","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4415-6352","contributorId":347678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cwynar","given":"Les C.","affiliations":[{"id":83204,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Hughes, Paul","contributorId":220209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hughes","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40153,"text":"University of South Hampton, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Pearson, D. Graham","contributorId":347679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pearson","given":"D. Graham","affiliations":[{"id":83205,"text":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70240757,"text":"70240757 - 2024 - Efficient mammal biodiversity surveys for ecological restoration monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-23T15:47:31.059833","indexId":"70240757","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-01T16:13:20","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2006,"text":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficient mammal biodiversity surveys for ecological restoration monitoring","docAbstract":"Efficient biodiversity surveys are critical for successful restoration monitoring and management. We studied the effect of varying sampling effort on the observed species richness of surveys of small mammals (trapping transects), bats (passive acoustic detection), and medium to large mammals (trail cameras). Field studies provided mammalian biodiversity data for 4 bottomland hardwood restoration sites in northeastern Indiana. Subsampled data were used to simulate monitoring surveys with a range of levels of effort. We then used hierarchical Bayesian nonlinear mixed models to analyze how different components of sampling effort affected observed species richness, a key monitoring outcome. We found that observed small mammal richness increased with the increased number of transects in a survey, while observed bat and medium to large mammal richness increased with the increased duration of sampling. Variation between sites was important for the observed richness of small mammals and bats but not for medium to large mammals. The key driver of richness observed in simulated surveys was related to the spatial scale at which target fauna interact with the habitat, with decreasing richness accompanied by a greater spatial scale of animal–habitat interactions. Our findings suggest taxon-specific recommendations for efficiently quantifying the mammalian diversity of managed sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ieam.4324","usgsCitation":"Green, N., Wildhaber, M.L., Albers, J.L., Pettit, T.W., and Hooper, M.J., 2024, Efficient mammal biodiversity surveys for ecological restoration monitoring: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, v. 20, no. 6, p. 1969-1981, https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4324.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1969","endPage":"1981","ipdsId":"IP-110582","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":435587,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RXPYRL","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Mammalian biodiversity data for four bottomland hardwood restoration sites in Northeastern Indiana USA May 2015-August 2016"},{"id":413227,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":445571,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4324","text":"Publisher Index Page"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Bluffton, New Haven","otherGeospatial":"Bluffton Native Habitat Waterway Project, Deetz Nature Preserve, Fish Creek complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.20456175119196,\n 40.762112614423955\n ],\n [\n -85.20456175119196,\n 40.70016025503452\n ],\n [\n -85.08914278782409,\n 40.70016025503452\n ],\n [\n -85.08914278782409,\n 40.762112614423955\n ],\n [\n -85.20456175119196,\n 40.762112614423955\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.97371420873174,\n 41.57466064563525\n ],\n [\n -84.97371420873174,\n 41.508602936877736\n ],\n [\n -84.83648016376709,\n 41.508602936877736\n ],\n [\n -84.83648016376709,\n 41.57466064563525\n ],\n [\n -84.97371420873174,\n 41.57466064563525\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.07991405934287,\n 41.11589628289104\n ],\n [\n -85.07991405934287,\n 41.048923920315474\n ],\n [\n -84.97206799999923,\n 41.048923920315474\n ],\n [\n -84.97206799999923,\n 41.11589628289104\n ],\n [\n -85.07991405934287,\n 41.11589628289104\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-8538-4191","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8538-4191","contributorId":202040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Nicholas S.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":864719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wildhaber, Mark L. 0000-0002-6538-9083 mwildhaber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":1386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"Mark","email":"mwildhaber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":864720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Albers, Janice L. 0000-0002-6312-8269 jalbers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6312-8269","contributorId":3972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"Janice","email":"jalbers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":864721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pettit, Thomas W.","contributorId":239722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pettit","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":47988,"text":"University of Maryland University College-Asia, Unit 5060","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":864722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hooper, Michael J. 0000-0002-4161-8961 mhooper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4161-8961","contributorId":3251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"Michael","email":"mhooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":864723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70260156,"text":"70260156 - 2024 - Analysis of the Alaska Volcano Observatory’s response time to volcanic explosions-1989 to 2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-29T15:54:12.686457","indexId":"70260156","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-19T10:47:40","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5232,"text":"Frontiers in Earth Science","onlineIssn":"2296-6463","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of the Alaska Volcano Observatory’s response time to volcanic explosions-1989 to 2016","docAbstract":"A major goal of volcano monitoring is the rapid identification of volcanic explosions and subsequent warning of associated hazards. Between 1988 and 2016 the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to at least 54 separate volcanic eruptions. During this period, AVO's monitoring program relied principally on seismic and satellite remote sensing data, supplemented with geodetic, gas, and visual observations to track volcanic unrest. In this study we focus on AVO's response time, or the time required for AVO to (1) identify seismic signals associated with large ash-producing volcanic explosions and (2) initiate public warnings. We restrict this analysis to volcanoes monitored by a local seismic network and explosive in character. We focus on the 1989–90 eruption of Redoubt Volcano (VEI 3), the 1992 eruption of Mount Spurr (VEI 4), the 1999 eruption of Shishaldin Volcano (VEI 3), the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano (VEI 3) and the 2016 eruption of Pavlof Volcano (VEI 2) as detailed records of the timing of formal warnings are preserved. These eruption sequences allow us to evaluate AVO's response time under a number of monitoring scenarios, including both expected (those with recognized precursory unrest) and surprise eruptions (those without identified precursory unrest) as well as individual and repetitive sequences of explosive events. Recorded response time ranges from ~1 to 86 min. The shorter response times (~1–13 min) were achieved during sequences of explosive events at Redoubt (1989–90), Spurr (1992) and Augustine (2006). The longer response times (31– 86 min) are recorded for unexpected or surprise explosions such as Spurr (August 18, 1992) and Pavlof (2016) and the only or first explosions in an eruptive sequence such as Shishaldin (1999) and Augustine (2006).
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/feart.2018.00072","usgsCitation":"Power, J., and Cameron, C.E., 2024, Analysis of the Alaska Volcano Observatory’s response time to volcanic explosions-1989 to 2016: Frontiers in Earth Science, v. 6, 72, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00072.","productDescription":"72, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-095235","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00072","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":463349,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.19644639855917,\n 60.163701494427016\n ],\n [\n -141.4146933455769,\n 62.921338064731\n ],\n [\n -154.76413824908144,\n 62.73561750601888\n ],\n [\n -158.86626079490838,\n 57.73158331857164\n ],\n [\n -170.19280646841207,\n 54.16503628783249\n ],\n [\n -178,\n 52.50050801183875\n ],\n [\n -178,\n 52.429296373477115\n ],\n [\n -178,\n 50.51941329958498\n ],\n [\n -173.84383443644094,\n 50.656574087830876\n ],\n [\n -161.58328690877826,\n 53.442227709095874\n ],\n [\n -150.84605023440074,\n 57.26828297058938\n ],\n [\n -141.19644639855917,\n 60.163701494427016\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Power, John 0000-0002-7233-4398","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":215240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":917243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cameron, Cheryl E. 0000-0001-6366-2130","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6366-2130","contributorId":194695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cameron","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":917244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70261302,"text":"70261302 - 2024 - Mapping the resistivity structure of Walker Ridge 313 in the Gulf of Mexico using the marine CSEM method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-05T15:17:07.841811","indexId":"70261302","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping the resistivity structure of Walker Ridge 313 in the Gulf of Mexico using the marine CSEM method","docAbstract":"A marine controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) campaign was carried out in the Gulf of Mexico to further develop marine electromagnetic techniques in order to aid the detection and mapping of gas hydrate deposits. Marine CSEM methods are used to obtain an electrical resistivity structure of the subsurface which can indicate the type of substance filling the pore space, such as gas hydrates which are more resistive. Results from the Walker Ridge 313 study (WR 313) are presented in this paper and compared with the Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project II (JIP2) logging while drilling (LWD) results and available seismic data. The hydrate, known to exist within sheeted sand deposits, is mapped as a resistive region in the two dimensional (2D) CSEM inversion models. This is consistent with the JIP2 LWD resistivity results. CSEM inversions that use seismic horizons provide more realistic results compared to the unconstrained inversions by providing sharp boundaries and architectural control on the location of the resistive and conductive regions in the CSEM model. The seismic horizons include: 1) the base of the gas hydrate stability zone (BGHSZ), 2) the top of salt, and 3) the top and bottom of a fine grained marine mud interval with near vertical hydrate filled fractures, to constrain the CSEM inversion model. The top of salt provides improved location for brines, water saturated salt, and resistive salt. Inversions of the CSEM data map the occurrence of a ‘halo’ of conductive brines above salt. The use of the BGHSZ as a constraint on the inversion helps distinguish between free gas and gas hydrate as well as gas hydrate and water saturated sediments.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.08.039","usgsCitation":"Weitemeyer, K., Constable, S., Shelander, D., and Haines, S.S., 2024, Mapping the resistivity structure of Walker Ridge 313 in the Gulf of Mexico using the marine CSEM method: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 88, p. 1013-1031, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.08.039.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1013","endPage":"1031","ipdsId":"IP-088265","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.08.039","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":464802,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","city":"Houma","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico, Walker Ridge 313","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.65721574777587,\n 29.904859799956952\n ],\n [\n -91.65721574777587,\n 25.48122420526559\n ],\n [\n -88.62636230717828,\n 25.48122420526559\n ],\n [\n -88.62636230717828,\n 29.904859799956952\n ],\n [\n -91.65721574777587,\n 29.904859799956952\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"88","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weitemeyer, Karen","contributorId":346936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weitemeyer","given":"Karen","affiliations":[{"id":37955,"text":"University of Southampton","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Constable, Steven","contributorId":346937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Constable","given":"Steven","affiliations":[{"id":83021,"text":"Scripps Institute for Oceanography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shelander, Dianna","contributorId":346938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shelander","given":"Dianna","affiliations":[{"id":27162,"text":"Schlumberger","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haines, Seth S. 0000-0003-2611-8165 shaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":1344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Seth","email":"shaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70178411,"text":"70178411 - 2024 - Minerals Yearbook, volume III, Area Reports — International — Asia and the Pacific","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70178411,"text":"70178411 - 2024 - Minerals Yearbook, volume III, Area Reports — International — Asia and the Pacific","indexId":"70178411","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"Minerals Yearbook, Volume III, Area Reports — International — Asia and the Pacific","title":"Minerals Yearbook, volume III, Area Reports — International — Asia and the Pacific"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048196,"text":"70048196 - 2024 - Minerals Yearbook, volume III, Area Reports — International","indexId":"70048196","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"title":"Minerals Yearbook, volume III, Area Reports — International"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70048196,"text":"70048196 - 2024 - Minerals Yearbook, volume III, Area Reports — International","indexId":"70048196","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"title":"Minerals Yearbook, volume III, Area Reports — International"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-08T20:22:20.216175","indexId":"70178411","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-22T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":370,"text":"Minerals Yearbook","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"displayTitle":"Minerals Yearbook, Volume III, Area Reports — International — Asia and the Pacific","title":"Minerals Yearbook, volume III, Area Reports — International — Asia and the Pacific","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Minerals Yearbook discusses the performance of the worldwide minerals and materials industries and provides background information to assist in interpreting that performance. Content of the individual Minerals Yearbook volumes follows:
The USGS continually strives to improve the value of its publications to users. Constructive comments and suggestions by readers of the Minerals Yearbook are welcomed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70178411","collaboration":"National Minerals Information CenterDirector, National Minerals Information Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
988 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
Email: nmicrecordsmgt@usgs.gov
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Minerals Yearbook discusses the performance of the worldwide minerals and materials industries and provides background information to assist in interpreting that performance. Content of the individual Minerals Yearbook volumes follows:
The USGS continually strives to improve the value of its publications to users. Constructive comments and suggestions by readers of the Minerals Yearbook are welcomed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70178419","collaboration":"National Minerals Information CenterDirector, National Minerals Information Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
988 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
Email: nmicrecordsmgt@usgs.gov
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Minerals Yearbook discusses the performance of the worldwide minerals and materials industries and provides background information to assist in interpreting that performance. Content of the individual Minerals Yearbook volumes follows:
The USGS continually strives to improve the value of its publications to users. Constructive comments and suggestions by readers of the Minerals Yearbook are welcomed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70178412","collaboration":"National Minerals Information CenterDirector, National Minerals Information Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
988 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
Email: nmicrecordsmgt@usgs.gov
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Minerals Yearbook discusses the performance of the worldwide minerals and materials industries and provides background information to assist in interpreting that performance. Content of the individual Minerals Yearbook volumes follows:
The USGS continually strives to improve the value of its publications to users. Constructive comments and suggestions by readers of the Minerals Yearbook are welcome.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70178240","issn":"0076–8952","collaboration":"National Minerals Information CenterDirector, National Minerals Information Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
988 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
(703) 648-4961
Email: nmicrecordsmgt@usgs.gov
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Minerals Yearbook discusses the performance of the worldwide minerals and materials industries and provides background information to assist in interpreting that performance. Content of the individual Minerals Yearbook volumes follows:
The USGS continually strives to improve the value of its publications to users. Constructive comments and suggestions by readers of the Minerals Yearbook are welcome.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mybvI","collaboration":"National Minerals Information CenterDirector, National Minerals Information Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
988 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
Email: nmicrecordsmgt@usgs.gov
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Minerals Yearbook discusses the performance of the worldwide minerals and materials industries and provides background information to assist in interpreting that performance. Content of the individual Minerals Yearbook volumes follows:
The USGS continually strives to improve the value of its publications to users. Constructive comments and suggestions by readers of the Minerals Yearbook are welcome.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mybvII","collaboration":"National Minerals Information CenterDirector, National Minerals Information Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
988 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
Email: nmicrecordsmgt@usgs.gov
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Minerals Yearbook discusses the performance of the worldwide minerals and materials industries and provides background information to assist in interpreting that performance. Content of the individual Minerals Yearbook volumes follows:
The USGS continually strives to improve the value of its publications to users. Constructive comments and suggestions by readers of the Minerals Yearbook are welcome.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mybvIII","collaboration":"National Minerals Information CenterDirector, National Minerals Information Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
988 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
Email: nmicrecordsmgt@usgs.gov
The Federal Priority Streamgage (FPS) network of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), created in 1999 as the National Streamflow Information Program, receives Congressional appropriations to support the operation of a federally-funded “backbone” network of streamflow gages across the United States that are designated to meet the “Federal needs” or priorities of the country. Anticipating the evolution of Federal stakeholder water-data needs, the USGS launched a re-evaluation of the fundamental priorities for the FPS network in October 2020. In March 2022, the FPS Re-Prioritization Project used an online survey to solicit feedback from 767 stakeholders representing 22 Federal agencies who benefit from the FPS network. Additional feedback from survey respondents was obtained during online listening sessions to validate the USGS’s understanding of current Federal water-data needs. Results of the feedback show that the original five network priorities identified by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1999 are still valid but require modification to better incorporate additional needs, including Federal water operations, streamflow trends and extremes, water rights involving Federal lands, and streamflow data supporting ecosystem health. Federal stakeholder feedback also indicated that the inclusion of precipitation and water-temperature data collection, along with stream imagery, would enhance the value of the FPS network.
Results of the FPS Re-Prioritization Project and Open Season that ended in May 2024 revealed that the number of FPS locations meeting the updated eligibility criteria nearly tripled, which illustrates the value of the information provided by the FPS network. The Water Forecasting & Operations and the Water Quality network priorities contributed to the largest number of new eligible FPS sites, demonstrating the importance of the FPS network in supporting informed decisions related to the protection of life, property, the environment, and the economy of the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231032","usgsCitation":"Dillow, J.J.A., McCallum, B.E., and Angeroth, C.E., 2023, Re-prioritization of the U.S. Geological Survey Federal Priority Streamgage Network (ver. 1.1, April 2025): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1032, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231032.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 7 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-146165","costCenters":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":484210,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1032/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"5 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Water Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, Virginia 20192
The development of digital image processing, as a subset of digital signal processing, depended upon the maturity of photography and image science, introduction of computers, discovery and advancement of digital recording devices, and the capture of digital images. In addition, government and industry applications in the Earth and medical sciences were paramount to the growth of the technology. From the early days when photography was first introduced to science to today, artificial intelligence and deep learning technologies have been intensively used to analyze imagery. Spatial image processing has experienced breakthroughs and evolutions. This chapter presents an overview of the history of image processing, GeoAI-based image processing applications, and the role of GeoAI in advancing image processing methods and research. We also discussed the remaining challenges to using GeoAI for image processing regarding training data annotation, the issues of scale, resolution, and change in space over time.
Ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) for the western Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are developed by employing a mixed-effects regression model to modify the Boore and others (2014) Next Generation Attenuation-West2 (NGA-West2) project GMPEs. NGA-West2 addressed several key issues concerning GMPEs for shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions. However, the NGA-West2 input data do not include many earthquakes in extensional regimes, such as those occurring in Saudi Arabia. This deficiency is redressed by calculating a magnitude scaling of the new Saudi Arabia-specific GMPEs compared to those of Boore and others (2014). Furthermore, there is a clear difference in distance scaling for the Saudi Arabian GMPEs in comparison with the NGA-West2 GMPEs. This difference is especially significant at large distances and is mainly due to lower anelastic attenuation in the crystalline crust of western Saudi Arabia. Our empirical data demonstrate that the GMPEs presented here are in good agreement with observed earthquake ground motions in western Saudi Arabia.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1862O","collaboration":"Jointly published with the Saudi Geological Survey [as Saudi Geological Survey Special Report SGS–SP–2021–1]","usgsCitation":"Kiuchi, R., Mooney, W.D., and Zahran, H.M., 2023, Ground-motion prediction equations for the western Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, chap. O of Sisson, T.W., Calvert, A.T., and Mooney, W.D., eds., Active volcanism on the Arabian Shield—Geology, volcanology, and geophysics of northern Harrat Rahat and vicinity, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1862 [also released as Saudi Geological Survey Special Report SGS–SP–2021–1], 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1862O.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-129536","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423991,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1862/o/pp1862o.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1862-O"},{"id":423990,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1862/o/coverthbo.jpg"}],"country":"Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 42.75602070222271,\n 16.211495469022466\n ],\n [\n 44.958829363645094,\n 18.547056756745135\n ],\n [\n 37.40933785513795,\n 29.652243786014196\n ],\n [\n 34.965989081794106,\n 29.331606356788228\n ],\n [\n 34.66613879992957,\n 27.900404207046776\n ],\n [\n 40.467446295287004,\n 18.152186962033795\n ],\n [\n 42.75602070222271,\n 16.211495469022466\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Volcano Science Center - Menlo Park
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345 Middlefield Road, MS 910
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Volcanism within the harrats (Arabic for “volcanic field”) of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia includes at least one historical eruption occurring close to the holy city of Al Madīnah in 1256 C.E. As part of a volcanic- and seismic-hazard assessment of northern Harrat Rahat, magnetotelluric (MT) data were collected to investigate the structural setting of the area, the presence or absence of melt within the crust, and the mantle-derived magmatic source. Collected MT data were modeled in both two dimensions, where anisotropy can be estimated, and three dimensions. Interpretation of the preferred resistivity model includes a shallow sediment-filled graben beneath northern Harrat Rahat lavas, a melt-free upper crust, and a region of decompression melting in the asthenosphere below 60–70 kilometers depth. Models in two dimensions image the lower crust as anisotropic, demonstrating that a series of elongate conductivity anomalies with a strike of N. 10° E. within the lower crust of the three-dimensional model are artifacts of inverting anisotropic data with an isotropic modeling algorithm. Careful examination of the resistivity models, in combination with regional geological and geophysical data, suggests an anisotropic lower crust that is free of large zones of melt. Azimuthal anisotropy in the lower crust extends well beyond the limits of Harrat Rahat volcanic rocks, with a conductive direction oriented N. 10° E. and an anisotropy factor of 2–5 between the most and least conductive directions. Enhanced conductivity is likely caused by interconnected grain-boundary graphite, where the direction of anisotropy reflects either frozen-in fabric from the Neoproterozoic stabilization of the Arabian Shield or ductile deformation driven by channelized asthenospheric flow coupled with a thin rigid mantle lid. Asthenospheric melt is interpreted to transect the crust largely through diking, with limited melt storage and short residence times within the crustal column.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1862L","collaboration":"Jointly published with the Saudi Geological Survey [as Saudi Geological Survey Special Report SGS–SP–2021–1]","usgsCitation":"Peacock, J.R., Bedrosian, P.A., Al-Dhahry, M.K., Shareef, A., Feucht, D.W., Taylor, C.D., Bloss, B., and Zahran, H.M., 2023, Magnetotelluric investigation of northern Harrat Rahat, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, chap. L of Sisson, T.W., Calvert, A.T., and Mooney, W.D., eds., Active volcanism on the Arabian Shield—Geology, volcanology, and geophysics of northern Harrat Rahat and vicinity, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1862 [also released as Saudi Geological Survey Special Report SGS–SP–2021–1], 111 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1862L.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 111 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"111","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-105223","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424018,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1862/l/covrthbl.jpg"},{"id":424020,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P99H8HJ7","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Bedrosian, P.A., Peacock, J.R., and Feucht, D.W., 2023, Magnetotelluric data from northern Harrat Rahat, Saudi Arabia, 2016: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P99H8HJ7.","linkHelpText":"Magnetotelluric data from northern Harrat Rahat, Saudi Arabia, 2016"},{"id":424019,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1862/l/pp1862l.pdf","text":"Report","size":"38 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","otherGeospatial":"northern Harrat Rahat","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 39,\n 25\n ],\n [\n 39,\n 23.75\n ],\n [\n 40.5,\n 23.75\n ],\n [\n 40.5,\n 25\n ],\n [\n 39,\n 25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Volcano Science Center - Menlo Park
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345 Middlefield Road, MS 910
Menlo Park, CA 94025
New gravity data reveal a prominent negative anomaly along the main vent axis of the northern Harrat Rahat volcanic field in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The gravity low continues north of the volcanic field onto exposures of Proterozoic rocks, indicating that the low is caused not only by the volcanic field (and possibly underlying Cenozoic sediments), but also the underlying Proterozoic basement. An inversion of the gravity field guided by analysis of aeromagnetic data indicates (1) a broad depression of the basement surface that is deeper along the main vent axis in the eastern part and in the southwest part of the volcanic field and (2) less dense basement beneath the vent axis. Low densities within the basement most likely arise from lithologic variations in the basement, predating Cenozoic volcanism, although our analysis does not rule out small volumes of partial melt and higher temperatures or extensive fracturing at depth.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1862K","collaboration":"Jointly published with the Saudi Geological Survey [as Saudi Geological Survey Special Report SGS–SP–2021–1]","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V.E., Ritzinger, B.T., Zahran, H.M., Shareef, A., and Al-Dhahry, M.K., 2023, Depth to basement and crustal structure of the northern Harrat Rahat volcanic field, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from gravity and aeromagnetic data, chap. K of Sisson, T.W., Calvert, A.T., and Mooney, W.D., eds., Active volcanism on the Arabian Shield—Geology, volcanology, and geophysics of northern Harrat Rahat and vicinity, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1862 [also released as Saudi Geological Survey Special Report SGS–SP–2021–1], 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1862K.","productDescription":"Report: v, 18 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-104531","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424015,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9THCSE8","description":"Langenheim, V.E., 2018, Gravity and physical property data of the northern Harrat Rahat, Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9THCSE8.","linkHelpText":"Gravity and physical property data of the northern Harrat Rahat, Saudi Arabia"},{"id":424016,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1862/k/covrthbk.jpg"},{"id":424017,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1862/k/pp1862k.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","otherGeospatial":"northern Harrat Rahat","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 39.4,\n 24.6\n ],\n [\n 39.4,\n 23.75\n ],\n [\n 40.25,\n 23.75\n ],\n [\n 40.25,\n 24.6\n ],\n [\n 39.4,\n 24.6\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Volcano Science Center - Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 910
Menlo Park, CA 94025
A fundamental goal of igneous petrology is to quantify the durations required to produce evolved magmas following influx of basalt into the crust. However, in many cases, complex field relations and (or) the presence of a long-lived magmatic system make it difficult to assess how basaltic inputs relate to more evolved magmas, therefore precluding calculation of meaningful timescales. Here we present field relations, geochemistry, 40Ar/39Ar ages, and 36Cl surface-exposure ages for volcanic rocks from the Matan volcanic center, located in the northern part of the Harrat Rahat volcanic field, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. These data document a systematic and repeated temporal progression from alkali basalt to trachyte for the youngest eruptive products. From ~155–17 thousand years ago, the following eruptive sequence occurred four times: (1) alkali basalt, (2) hawaiite, mugearite, or benmoreite, and (3) trachyte. We interpret each eruptive sequence to result from injection of basalt into the crust, and its subsequent differentiation and eruption of progressively evolved magmas. We use the interval time between successive eruptions within a given sequence to calculate the timespans required to produce trachyte from alkali basalt. Differentiation from alkali basalt to intermediate compositions (hawaiite, mugearite, and benmoreite) took ≤3 thousand years (k.y.) on average. Differentiation from intermediate compositions to trachyte took a maximum of 6.7±3.6 to 22.9±1.7 k.y. Thus, the total duration of differentiation was ~10–25 k.y. Timescales presented here are independent of the processes evoked to drive differentiation because they are based solely on the ages and compositions of eruptive products from a system characterized by a simple, repeated differentiation sequence.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1862F","collaboration":"Jointly published with the Saudi Geological Survey [as Saudi Geological Survey Special Report SGS–SP–2021–1]","usgsCitation":"Stelten, M.E., Downs, D.T., Dietterich, H.R., Mahood, G.A., Calvert, A.T., Sisson, T.W., Witter, M.R., Zahran, H.M., and Shawali, J., 2023, The duration and characteristics of magmatic differentiation from basalt to trachyte within the Matan volcanic center, northern Harrat Rahat, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, chap. F of Sisson, T.W., Calvert, A.T., and Mooney, W.D., eds., Active volcanism on the Arabian Shield—Geology, volcanology, and geophysics of northern Harrat Rahat and vicinity, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1862 [also released as Saudi Geological Survey Special Report SGS–SP–2021–1], 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1862F.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 56 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-112196","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423987,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ENRS8U","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Electron microprobe data for plagioclase, olivine, pyroxene, and spinel in volcanic rocks from the Matan volcanic center located within the Harrat Rahat volcanic field, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"},{"id":423986,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92FB6AQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Ar isotope data for volcanic rocks from the northern Harrat Rahat volcanic field and surrounding area, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"},{"id":423984,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1862/f/pp1862f.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Professional Paper 1862F"},{"id":423983,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1862/f/coverthbf.jpg"}],"country":"Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","otherGeospatial":"northern Harrat Rahat","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 39.5,\n 24.6\n ],\n [\n 39.5,\n 24\n ],\n [\n 40.25,\n 24\n ],\n [\n 40.25,\n 24.6\n ],\n [\n 39.5,\n 24.6\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Volcano Science Center - Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 910
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Mafic volcanic fields are widespread, but few have erupted in historical times, providing limited observations of the magnitudes, dynamics, and timescales of lava flow emplacement in these settings. The Harrat Rahat volcanic field in western Saudi Arabia offers a good opportunity to study eruptions in such a setting, with a historical eruption in 1256 C.E. (654 in the year of the Hijra) and numerous well-preserved late Pleistocene lava flows. We combine historical observations and rheological and morphological analyses of the youngest flows with analytical models to reconstruct eruptive histories and lava flow emplacement conditions in Harrat Rahat. Petrologic analysis of samples for emplacement temperatures and crystallinities show cooling trends from vent to toe of ~1,140 to ~1,090 degrees Celsius (°C) at rates of 2 to 7 °C per kilometer, crystallinities increasing from 0.5 to 60 volume percent, and apparent viscosities increasing from 102 to 109 pascal seconds. High-resolution topographic data facilitate quantitative analysis of morphology and interpolation of preeruptive surfaces to measure flow thicknesses, channels, and levees, and enable calculation of eruptive volumes. Analytical models relating flow morphology to emplacement conditions are applied to estimate effusion rates. Within the suite of studied flows, minimum volume estimates range from 0.07 to 0.42 cubic kilometers dense rock equivalent, with effusion rates on the order of tens to hundreds of cubic meters per second and durations from 1 to 15 weeks. These integrated analyses quantify past lava flow emplacement conditions and dynamics in Harrat Rahat, improving our understanding and observations of fundamental parameters and controls of effusive eruptions in Harrat Rahat and other mafic volcanic fields.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1862E","collaboration":"Jointly published with the Saudi Geological Survey [as Saudi Geological Survey Special Report SGS–SP–2021–1]","usgsCitation":"Dietterich, H.R., Downs, D.T., and Stelten, M.E., 2023, Lava flow emplacement in Harrat Rahat with implications for eruptions in mafic volcanic fields, chap. E of Sisson, T.W., Calvert, A.T., and Mooney, W.D., eds., Active volcanism on the Arabian Shield—Geology, volcanology, and geophysics of northern Harrat Rahat and vicinity, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1862 [also released as Saudi Geological Survey Special Report SGS–SP–2021–1], 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1862E.","productDescription":"vi, 49 p.","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-111360","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423979,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1862/e/coverthbe.jpg"},{"id":423980,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1862/e/pp1862e.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1862-E"}],"country":"Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","otherGeospatial":"northeastern Harrat Rahat","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 39.675,\n 24.6\n ],\n [\n 39.675,\n 24.2\n ],\n [\n 40,\n 24.2\n ],\n [\n 40,\n 24.6\n ],\n [\n 39.675,\n 24.6\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Volcano Science Center - Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 910
Menlo Park, CA 94025