Cassiterite (SnO2), a main ore mineral in tin deposits, is suitable for U–Pb isotopic dating because of its relatively high U/Pb ratios and typically low common Pb. We report a LA-ICPMS analytical procedure for U–Pb dating of this mineral with no need for an independently dated matrix-matched cassiterite standard. LA-ICPMS U-Th-Pb data were acquired while using NIST 612 glass as a primary non-matrix-matched standard. Raw data are reduced using a combination of Iolite™ and other off-line data reduction methods. Cassiterite is extremely difficult to digest, so traditional approaches in LA-ICPMS U-Pb geochronology that utilize well-characterized matrix-matched reference materials (e.g., age values determined by ID-TIMS) cannot be easily implemented. We propose a new approach for in situ LA-ICPMS dating of cassiterite, which benefits from the unique chemistry of cassiterite with extremely low Th concentrations (Th/U ratio of 10−4 or lower) in some cassiterite samples. Accordingly, it is assumed that 208Pb measured in cassiterite is mostly of non-radiogenic origin—it was initially incorporated in cassiterite during mineral formation, and can be used as a proxy for common Pb. Using 208Pb as a common Pb proxy instead of 204Pb is preferred as 204Pb is much less abundant and is also compromised by 204Hg interference during the LA-ICPMS analyses.
Our procedure relies on 208Pb/206Pb vs 207Pb/206Pb (Pb-Pb) and Tera-Wasserburg 207Pb/206Pb vs 238U/206Pb (U-Pb) isochron dates that are calculated for a ~1.54 Ga low-Th cassiterite reference material with varying amounts of common Pb that we assume remained a closed U-Pb system. The difference between the NIST 612 glass normalized biased U-Pb date and the Pb-Pb age of the reference material is used to calculate a correction factor (F) for instrumental U-Pb fractionation. The correction factor (F) is then applied to measured U/Pb ratios and Tera-Wasserburg isochron dates are obtained for the unknown cassiterite analyzed in the same analytical session. This allows for U-Pb dating of cassiterite of any age with no need for an independently dated matrix-matched reference material, nor assumptions about the isotopic composition of common Pb.
Results for cassiterite from tin deposits in Bolivia, Brazil, China, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Spain, and the United Kingdom, with ages ranging from ~20 Ma to ~2060 Ma, demonstrate the applicability of this approach across a broad range of geologic time. These ages are in good agreement with published geochronology of the host rocks associated with the tin deposits and with previously published U-Pb ages of some cassiterites from the same deposits. Thus, our in situ LA-ICPMS methodology verifies the use of cassiterite as a reliable U-Pb mineral-geochronometer with the advantages of fast and relatively low cost in situ analyses with moderate spatial resolution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.03.008","usgsCitation":"Neymark, L., Holm-Denoma, C.S., and Moscati, R.J., 2018, In situ LA-ICPMS U–Pb dating of cassiterite without a known-age matrix-matched reference material: Examples from worldwide tin deposits spanning the Proterozoic to the Tertiary: Chemical Geology, v. 483, p. 410-425, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.03.008.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"410","endPage":"425","ipdsId":"IP-092649","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460955,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.03.008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7BP021W","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"U-Pb data for: In situ LA-ICPMS U-Pb dating of cassiterite without a known-age matrix-matched reference material: Examples from worldwide tin deposits spanning the Proterozoic to Tertiary"},{"id":353333,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"483","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6e4e4b0da30c1bfbee4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neymark, Leonid A. 0000-0003-4190-0278 lneymark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":140338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"Leonid A.","email":"lneymark@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holm-Denoma, Christopher S. 0000-0003-3229-5440 cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-5440","contributorId":2442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm-Denoma","given":"Christopher","email":"cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moscati, Richard J. 0000-0002-0818-4401 rmoscati@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0818-4401","contributorId":2462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moscati","given":"Richard","email":"rmoscati@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70196458,"text":"ofr20181052 - 2018 - Faunal and vegetation monitoring in response to harbor dredging in the Port of Miami","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-12T09:54:46","indexId":"ofr20181052","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1052","title":"Faunal and vegetation monitoring in response to harbor dredging in the Port of Miami","docAbstract":"Seagrasses are highly productive ecosystems. A before-after-control-impact (BACI) design was used to examine effects of dredging on seagrasses and the animals that inhabit them. The control site North Biscayne Bay and the affected site Port of Miami had seagrass densities decrease during both the before, Fish and Invertebrate Assessment Network 2006-2011, and after, Faunal Monitoring in Response to Harbor Dredging 2014-2016, studies. Turbidity levels increased at North Biscayne Bay and Port of Miami basins during the Faunal Monitoring in Response to Harbor Dredging study, especially in 2016. Animal populations decreased significantly in North Biscayne Bay and Port of Miami in the Faunal Monitoring in Response to Harbor Dredging study compared to the Fish and Invertebrate Assessment Network study. Predictive modeling shows that numbers of animal populations will likely continue to decrease if the negative trends in seagrass densities continue unabated. There could be effects on several fisheries vital to the south Florida economy. Additional research could determine if animal populations and seagrass densities have rebounded or continued to decrease.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181052","usgsCitation":"Daniels, A., Stevenson, R., Smith, E., and Robblee, M., 2018, Faunal and vegetation monitoring in response to harbor dredging in the Port of Miami: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1052, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181052.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 38 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-084431","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353291,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1052/ofr20181052.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.53 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018–1052"},{"id":353292,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7JH3KD9","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release ","linkHelpText":"Faunal and vegetation monitoring in response to harbor dredging in Port of Miami"},{"id":353290,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1052/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"North Biscayne Bay, Port of Miami","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.20774841308594,\n 25.723209559418265\n ],\n [\n -80.11505126953125,\n 25.723209559418265\n ],\n [\n -80.11505126953125,\n 25.9117325831107\n ],\n [\n -80.20774841308594,\n 25.9117325831107\n ],\n [\n -80.20774841308594,\n 25.723209559418265\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
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Chaparral diversity has marked spatial and temporal variation. Evolutionary diversity at the genetic, specific, and lineage level contribute to a very diverse flora. Ecological diversity is evident in life histories that comprise a range of physiological and morphological strategies for dealing with drought, and demographic patterns centered around different seedling recruitment strategies. Community or alpha diversity varies markedly through time. Mature chaparral ranges from monotypic stands of chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum) to mixed chaparral often with up to a dozen shrub species. The understory contributes relatively little other than a few diminutive annuals and occasional herbaceous perennial resprouts. However, after fire, diversity increases dramatically and is often dominated by annuals that arise from a dormant seedbank with significant contribution of geophytes resprouting and flowering from dormant bulbs and corms. This flora has very diverse life histories, with some present only a year or two and then existing as a dormant seedbank or bulbs until the next fire. Others may persist much longer, often in gaps in the shrub canopy. Postfire dominance-diversity patterns fit a geometric model as most communities are dominated by a few species and the bulk of the flora comprise subordinates that occupy specific microhabitats. Postfire community assembly is a result of competitive interactions and environmental filtering effects. Beta diversity plays a role in community assembly for as heterogeneity of communities in the landscape increases, the potential species pool for a community increases. Gamma diversity is particularly high because species turnover across latitudinal and elevational gradients is high. The role of diversity in conferring community resilience is complex and a function of the life history of shrub dominants and the historical patterns of fires. Under some circumstances low diversity may be more resilient than high diversity, for example under high fire frequency monotypic stands of Adenostoma fasciculatum may resist change better than diverse stands that include obligate seeding shrubs sensitive to short interval fires. Postfire annuals also are sensitive to short interval fires as these disturbances enhance the invasion by more competitive non-native grasses. Expected increases in anthropogenic ignitions due to population growth are the biggest threat to biodiversity in chaparral.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Valuing chaparral","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-68303-4_2","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., 2018, Drivers of chaparral plant diversity, chap. of Valuing chaparral, p. 29-51, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68303-4_2.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"51","ipdsId":"IP-077516","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361731,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Underwood, Emma C.","contributorId":204451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Underwood","given":"Emma C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758757,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Safford, Hugh D.","contributorId":112922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safford","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758758,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Molinari, Nicole A.","contributorId":204452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Molinari","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758759,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758760,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70195822,"text":"ofr20181018 - 2018 - Quality-control design for surface-water sampling in the National Water-Quality Network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-10T11:22:25","indexId":"ofr20181018","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-10T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1018","title":"Quality-control design for surface-water sampling in the National Water-Quality Network","docAbstract":"The data-quality objectives for samples collected at surface-water sites in the National Water-Quality Network include estimating the extent to which contamination, matrix effects, and measurement variability affect interpretation of environmental conditions. Quality-control samples provide insight into how well the samples collected at surface-water sites represent the true environmental conditions. Quality-control samples used in this program include field blanks, replicates, and field matrix spikes. This report describes the design for collection of these quality-control samples and the data management needed to properly identify these samples in the U.S. Geological Survey’s national database.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181018","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Program","usgsCitation":"Riskin, M.L., Reutter, D.C., Martin, J.D., and Mueller, D.K., 2018, Quality-control design for surface-water sampling in the National Water-Quality Network: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1018, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181018.","productDescription":"vi, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-088810","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352918,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1018/ofr20181018.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.03 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1018"},{"id":352917,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1018/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Program Coordinator, National Water Quality Program
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413 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
The U.S. Geological Survey studies the effects of weather, climate, and man-made influences on groundwater levels, streamflow, and reservoir and lake levels, as well as on the ecological health of rivers, lakes, reservoirs, watersheds, estuaries, aquifers, soils, beaches, and wildlife. From these studies, the USGS produces high-quality, timely, and unbiased scientific research and data that are widely accessible and relevant to all levels of government, Tribal Nations, academic institutions, nongovernmental organizations, the private sector, and the general public. In New York, the U.S. Geological Survey works with other Federal agencies, State and municipal government, Tribal Nations, and the private sector to develop products that inform decision makers, legislators, and the general public.
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York\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180
The ongoing summit eruption at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, began in March 2008 with the formation of the Overlook crater, within Halema‘uma‘u Crater. As of late 2016, the Overlook crater contained a large, persistently active lava lake (250 × 190 meters). The accessibility of the lake allows frequent direct observations, and a robust geophysical monitoring network closely tracks subtle changes at the summit. These conditions present one of the best opportunities worldwide for understanding persistent lava lake behavior and the geophysical signals associated with open-vent basaltic eruptions. In this report, we provide a descriptive and visual summary of lava lake activity during 2016, a year consisting of continuous lava lake activity. The lake surface was composed of large black crustal plates separated by narrow incandescent spreading zones. The dominant motion of the surface was normally from north to south, but spattering produced transient disruptions to this steady motion. Spattering in the lake was common, consisting of one or more sites on the lake margin. The Overlook crater was continuously modified by the deposition of spatter (often as a thin veneer) on the crater walls, with frequent collapses of this adhered lava into the lake. Larger collapses, involving lithic material from the crater walls, triggered several small explosive events that deposited bombs and lapilli around the Halema‘uma‘u Crater rim, but these did not threaten public areas. The lava lake level varied over several tens of meters, controlled primarily by changes in summit magma reservoir pressure (in part driven by magma supply rates) and secondarily by fluctuations in spattering and gas release from the lake (commonly involving gas pistoning). The lake emitted a persistent gas plume, normally averaging 1,000–8,000 metric tons per day (t/d) of sulfur dioxide (SO2), as well as a constant fallout of small juvenile and lithic particles, including Pele’s hair and tears. The gas emissions created volcanic air pollution (vog) that affected large areas of the Island of Hawai‘i. The summit eruption has been a major attraction for visitors in Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. During 2016, the rising lake levels allowed the lake and its spattering to be more consistently visible from public viewing areas, enhancing the visitor experience. The U.S. Geological Survey’s Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) closely monitors the summit eruption and keeps emergency managers and the public informed of activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185008","usgsCitation":"Patrick, M.R., Orr, T.R., Swanson, D.A., Elias, T., and Shiro, B., 2018, Lava lake activity at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano in 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5008, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185008.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-087932","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353298,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5008/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":353299,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5008/sir20185008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"49 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5008"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.3,\n 19.39\n ],\n [\n -155.23,\n 19.39\n ],\n [\n -155.23,\n 19.44\n ],\n [\n -155.3,\n 19.44\n ],\n [\n -155.3,\n 19.39\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"HVO, Volcano Science Center,
Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
P.O. Box 51, 1 Crater Rim Road
Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, HI 96718-0051
Sediment erosion and deposition in two sets of paired (treated and untreated) upland drainages in the Torreon Wash watershed, upper Rio Puerco Basin, New Mexico, were examined over a 3 1/2-year period from spring 2009 through fall 2012. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of shallow, loose-stone check dams, or “one-rock dams,” as a hillslope gully erosion stabilization and mitigation method, and its potential for retaining upland eroded soils and decreasing delivery of sediment to lower ephemeral stream channels. Two high-resolution topographic surveys, completed at the beginning and end of the study period, were used to assess the effects of the mitigation measures at paired-drainage sites in both Penistaja Arroyo and Papers Wash watersheds, and at six main-stem-channel cross-section clusters along Penistaja Arroyo and Torreon Wash in the Torreon Wash watershed.
For both drainage pairs, the treated drainage had greater sediment aggradation near the channel than the untreated drainage. Erosion was the dominant geomorphic process in the untreated Penistaja Arroyo drainage, whereas aggradation was the dominant process in the other three drainages. For the Penistaja Arroyo paired drainages, the treated site showed a 51-percent increase in area aggraded and 67-percent increase in volume aggraded per area analyzed over the untreated site. Both Papers Wash drainages showed net aggradation, but with similar treatment effect, with the treated site showing a 29-percent increase in area aggraded and 60-percent increase in volume aggraded per area analyzed over the untreated site. In the untreated Penistaja Arroyo drainage, the calculated minimum erosion rate was 0.0055 inches per year (in/yr; 0.14 millimeters per year [mm/yr]), whereas the calculated aggradation rates for the three drainages for which aggradation was the dominant geomorphic process were 0.0063 in/yr (0.16 mm/yr) for the Penistaja Arroyo treated drainage, 0.012 in/yr (0.31 mm/yr) for the Papers Wash untreated drainage, and 0.988 in/yr (2.51 mm/yr) for the Papers Wash treated drainage.
Changes in the channel cross section along the main-stem Penistaja Arroyo and Torreon Wash were also examined. Channel-bank slumping and erosion of previously deposited bed material were apparent sources for sediment suspended in ephemeral streamflow. Cross-sectional channel surveys indicated examples of both erosion and deposition along each channel over the study period. Because the drainage area of the treated drainages is small compared to that of the Torreon Wash watershed, the upland mitigation measures would not be expected to measurably affect short-term concentrations of suspended sediment in main-stem channels.
One-rock-dam mitigation structures in the upland drainages appear to have resulted in a decrease in sediment delivery to the main-stem channel. One-rock-dam mitigation structures may affect streamflow through their influence on runoff volume (via infiltration) and runoff rate (via detention), both of which may vary with time after structure installation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185026","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Rio Puerco Alliance","usgsCitation":"Matherne, A.M., Tillery, A.C., and Douglas-Mankin, K.R., 2018, Effects of hillslope gully stabilization on erosion and sediment production in the Torreon Wash watershed, New Mexico, 2009–12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5026, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185026.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 35 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-086274","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353246,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5026/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":353247,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5026/sir20185026.pdf","text":"Report ","size":"3.80 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018–5026"},{"id":353248,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Q52NK3","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Effects of Hillslope Gully Stabilization on Erosion and Sediment Production in the Torreon Wash Watershed, New Mexico, 2009–2012 - Associated Data"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Torreon Wash Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.5,\n 35.6\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 35.6\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 36.1\n ],\n [\n -107.5,\n 36.1\n ],\n [\n -107.5,\n 35.6\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113
In 2013, a mortality event of nonnative, feral Rosy-faced Lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis) in residential backyards in Maricopa County, Arizona, US was attributed to infection with Chlamydia psittaci. In June 2014, additional mortality occurred in the same region. Accordingly, in August 2014 we sampled live lovebirds and sympatric bird species visiting backyard bird feeders to determine the prevalence of DNA and the seroprevalence of antibodies to C. psittaci using real-time PCR-based testing and elementary body agglutination, respectively. Chlamydia psittaci DNA was present in conjunctival-choanal or cloacal swabs in 93% (43/46) of lovebirds and 10% (14/142) of sympatric birds. Antibodies to C. psittaci were detected in 76% (31/41) of lovebirds and 7% (7/102) of sympatric birds. Among the sympatric birds, Rock Doves (Columba livia) had the highest prevalence of C. psittaci DNA (75%; 6/8) and seroprevalence (25%; 2/8). Psittacine circovirus 1 DNA was also identified, using real-time PCR-based testing, from the same swab samples in 69% (11/16) of species sampled, with a prevalence of 80% (37/46) in lovebirds and 27% (38/142) in sympatric species. The presence of either Rosy-faced Lovebirds or Rock Doves at residential bird feeders may be cause for concern for epizootic and zoonotic transmission of C. psittaci in this region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/2017-06-145","usgsCitation":"Dusek, R.J., Justice-Allen, A., Bodenstein, B., Knowles, S., Grear, D.A., Adams, L., Levy, C., Yaglom, H.D., Shearn-Bochsler, V.I., Ciembor, P., Gregory, C.R., Pesti, D., and Ritchie, B.W., 2018, Chlamydia psittaci in feral Rosy-faced Lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis) and other backyard birds in Maricopa County, Arizona: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 54, no. 2, p. 248-260, https://doi.org/10.7589/2017-06-145.","productDescription":"13 p.; Data Release","startPage":"248","endPage":"260","ipdsId":"IP-088411","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353277,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":418294,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F76T0KKD"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Maricopa 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laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Ritchie, Branson W.","contributorId":204048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ritchie","given":"Branson","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":36809,"text":"University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Infectious Disease laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70196464,"text":"70196464 - 2018 - Methane in groundwater from a leaking gas well, Piceance Basin, Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-10T11:07:39","indexId":"70196464","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methane in groundwater from a leaking gas well, Piceance Basin, Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"Site-specific and regional analysis of time-series hydrologic and geochemical data collected from 15 monitoring wells in the Piceance Basin indicated that a leaking gas well contaminated shallow groundwater with thermogenic methane. The gas well was drilled in 1956 and plugged and abandoned in 1990. Chemical and isotopic data showed the thermogenic methane was not from mixing of gas-rich formation water with shallow groundwater or natural migration of a free-gas phase. Water-level and methane-isotopic data, and video logs from a deep monitoring well, indicated that a shale confining layer ~125 m below the zone of contamination was an effective barrier to upward migration of water and gas. The gas well, located 27 m from the contaminated monitoring well, had ~1000 m of uncemented annular space behind production casing that was the likely pathway through which deep gas migrated into the shallow aquifer. Measurements of soil gas near the gas well showed no evidence of methane emissions from the soil to the atmosphere even though methane concentrations in shallow groundwater (16 to 20 mg/L) were above air-saturation levels. Methane degassing from the water table was likely oxidized in the relatively thick unsaturated zone (~18 m), thus rendering the leak undetectable at land surface. Drilling and plugging records for oil and gas wells in Colorado and proxies for depth to groundwater indicated thousands of oil and gas wells were drilled and plugged in the same timeframe as the implicated gas well, and the majority of those wells were in areas with relatively large depths to groundwater. This study represents one of the few detailed subsurface investigations of methane leakage from a plugged and abandoned gas well. As such, it could provide a useful template for prioritizing and assessing potentially leaking wells, particularly in cases where the leakage does not manifest itself at land surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.371","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P.B., Thomas, J.C., Crawford, J.T., Dornblaser, M.M., and Hunt, A.G., 2018, Methane in groundwater from a leaking gas well, Piceance Basin, Colorado, USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 634, p. 791-801, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.371.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"791","endPage":"801","ipdsId":"IP-093525","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353286,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Piceance Basin","volume":"634","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6e5e4b0da30c1bfbef0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Judith C. 0000-0001-7883-1419 juthomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-1419","contributorId":1468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Judith","email":"juthomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crawford, John T. 0000-0003-4440-6945 jtcrawford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4440-6945","contributorId":4081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"John","email":"jtcrawford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dornblaser, Mark M. 0000-0002-6298-3757 mmdornbl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-3757","contributorId":1636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dornblaser","given":"Mark","email":"mmdornbl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70196687,"text":"70196687 - 2018 - Native peoples’ relationship to the California chaparral","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-24T17:07:10","indexId":"70196687","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Native peoples’ relationship to the California chaparral","docAbstract":"Ethnographic interviews and historical literature reviews provide evidence that for many tribes of California, chaparral plant communities were a rich source of food, medicines, and technologies and that they supplemented natural fires with deliberate burning of chaparral to maximize its ability to produce useful products. Many of the most important chaparral plant species used in the food and material culture have strong adaptations to fire. Particularly useful were many annual and perennial herbs, which proliferate after fire from seed and bulb banks, shrub resprouts that made superb cordage and basketry material, as well as animals that were more readily caught in postfire environments. The reasons for burning in chaparral are grouped into seven ecological categories, each relying on a known response to fire of the chaparral community. The authors posit that tribes employed intentional burning to maintain chaparral in different ages and size classes to meet diverse food and material needs, tracking the change in plant and animal abundance and diversity, and shifts in shrub architecture and habitat structure during the recovery of the chaparral community. Areas were burned in ways designed to create a mosaic of open grassland and recently burned, young and mature stands of chaparral with different combinations of species and densities. This management conferred on chaparral plant communities a degree of spatial, structural, successional, and biotic diversity that exceeded what would have been the case in the absence of human intervention. These impacts are still evident on contemporary landscapes.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Valuing chaparral: Ecological, socio-economic, and management perspectives","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-68303-4_4","usgsCitation":"Anderson, M.K., and Keeley, J.E., 2018, Native peoples’ relationship to the California chaparral, chap. of Valuing chaparral: Ecological, socio-economic, and management perspectives, p. 79-121, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68303-4_4.","productDescription":"43 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"121","ipdsId":"IP-082640","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353690,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6e5e4b0da30c1bfbeec","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Underwood, Emma C.","contributorId":204451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Underwood","given":"Emma C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733992,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Safford, Hugh D.","contributorId":112922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safford","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733993,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Molinari, Nicole A.","contributorId":204452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Molinari","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733994,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733995,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, M. Kat","contributorId":204449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kat","affiliations":[{"id":12711,"text":"UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70195824,"text":"sir20185028 - 2018 - Postwildfire measurement of soil physical and hydraulic properties at selected sampling sites in the 2011 Las Conchas wildfire burn scar, Jemez Mountains, north-central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T06:19:19","indexId":"sir20185028","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5028","title":"Postwildfire measurement of soil physical and hydraulic properties at selected sampling sites in the 2011 Las Conchas wildfire burn scar, Jemez Mountains, north-central New Mexico","docAbstract":"The generation of runoff and the resultant flash flooding can be substantially larger following wildfire than for similar rainstorms that precede wildfire disturbance. Flash flooding after the 2011 Las Conchas Fire in New Mexico provided the motivation for this investigation to assess postwildfire effects on soil-hydraulic properties (SHPs) and soil-physical properties (SPPs) as a function of remotely sensed burn severity 4 years following the wildfire. A secondary purpose of this report is to illustrate a methodology to determine SHPs that analyzes infiltrometer data by using three different analysis methods. The SPPs and SHPs are measured as a function of remotely sensed burn severity by using the difference in the Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) metric for seven sites. The dNBR metric was used to guide field sample collection across a full spectrum of burn severities that covered the range of Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) and Burned Area Reflectance Classification (BARC) thematic classes from low to high severity. The SPPs (initial and saturated soil-water content, bulk density, soil-organic matter, and soil-particle size) and SHPs (field-saturated hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity) were measured under controlled laboratory conditions for soil cores collected in the field. The SHPs were estimated by using tension infiltrometer measurements and three different data analysis methods. These measurements showed large effects of burn severity, focused in the top
1 centimeter (cm) of soil, on some SPPs (bulk density, soil organic matter, and particle sizes). The threshold of these bulk density and soil organic matter effects was between 300 and 400 dNBR, which corresponds to a MTBS thematic class between moderate and high burn severity and a BARC4 thematic class of high severity. Gravel content and the content of fines in the top 1 cm of soil had a higher threshold value between 450 and 500 dNBR. Lesser effects on SPPs were observed at depths of 1–3 cm and 3–6 cm. In contrast, SHPs showed little effect from dNBR or from MTBS/BARC4 thematic class. Measurements suggested that 4 years of elapsed time after the wildfire may be sufficient for SHP recovery in this area. These measurements also indicated that SPP differences as a function of burn severity cannot be used as reliable indicators of SHP differences as a function of burn severity.
Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113
A geologic map of the greater Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area is planned that will document the region’s complex geology (currently in review: “Geologic map of the greater Portland metropolitan area and surrounding region, Oregon and Washington,” by Wells, R.E., Haugerud, R.A., Niem, A., Niem, W., Ma, L., Evarts, R., Madin, I., and others). The map, which is planned to be published as a U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map, will consist of 51 7.5′ quadrangles covering more than 2,500 square miles, and it will represent more than 100 person-years of geologic mapping and studies. The region was mapped at the relatively detailed scale of 1:24,000 to improve understanding of its geology and its earthquake hazards. More than 100 geologic map units will record the 50-million-year history of volcanism, sedimentation, folding, and faulting above the Cascadia Subduction Zone. The geology contributes to the varied terroir of four American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) in the northwestern Willamette Valley: the Yamhill-Carlton, Dundee Hills, Chehalem Mountains, and Ribbon Ridge AVAs. Terroir is defined as the environmental conditions, especially climate and soils, that influence the quality and character of a region’s crops—in this case, grapes for wine.
On this new poster (“New geologic mapping of the northwestern Willamette Valley, Oregon, and its American Viticultural Areas (AVAs)—A foundation for understanding their terroir”), we present the geologic map at a reduced scale (about 1:175,000) to show the general distribution of geologic map units, and we highlight, discuss, and illustrate six major geologic events that helped shape the region and form its terrior. We also discuss the geologic elements that contribute to the character of each of the four AVAs in the northwestern Willamette Valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181044","usgsCitation":"Wells, R.E., Haugerud, R., Niem, A., Niem, W., Ma, L., Madin, I., and Evarts, R., 2018, New geologic mapping of the northwestern Willamette Valley, Oregon, and its American Viticultural Areas (AVAs)—A foundation for understanding their terroir: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1044, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181044.","productDescription":"74.00 x 36.03 inches","ipdsId":"IP-077948","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353258,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1044/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":353259,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1044/ofr20181044.pdf","text":"Sheet","size":"58 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1044"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Northwestern Willamette Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.375,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 45.25\n ],\n [\n -123.375,\n 45.25\n ],\n [\n -123.375,\n 46\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Elevated levels of selenium (Se) in aqueous environments can harm aquatic life and endanger livestock and human health. Although Se occurs naturally in the rocks and soils of many alluvial aquifers, mining and agricultural activities can increase its rate of mobilization and transport to surface waters. Attention is given here to regions where nonpoint source return flows from irrigated lands carry pollutant loads to aquifers and streams, contributing to concentrations that violate regulatory and performance standards. Of particular concern is the heightened level and mobilization of Se influenced by nitrate (NO3), a harmful pollutant in its own right. We present a numerical model that simulates the reactive transport of Se and nitrogen (N) species in a coupled groundwater-surface water system. Building upon a conceptual model that incorporates the major processes affecting Se and NO3 transport in an irrigated watershed, the model links the finite-difference models MODFLOW, UZF-RT3D, and OTIS, to simulate flow and reactive transport of multiple chemical species in both the aquifer and a stream network, with mass exchange between the two. The capability of the new model is showcased by calibration, testing, and application to a 500 km2 region in Colorado’s Lower Arkansas River Valley using a rich data set gathered over a 10-yr period. Simulation of spatial and temporal distributions of Se concentration reveals conditions that exceed standards in groundwater for approximately 20% of the area. For the Arkansas River, standards are exceeded by 290%–450%. Simulation indicates that river concentrations of NO3 alone are near the current interim standard for the total of all dissolved N species. These results indicate the need for future use of the developed model to investigate the prospects for land and water best management practices to decrease pollutant levels.
The Weldona 7.5′ quadrangle is located on the semiarid plains of northeastern Colorado, along the South Platte River corridor where the river has incised into Upper Cretaceous Pierre Shale. The Pierre Shale is largely covered by surficial deposits that formed from alluvial, eolian, and hillslope processes operating in concert with environmental changes from the Pleistocene to the present. The South Platte River, originating high in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, has played a major role in shaping surficial geology in the map area, which is several tens of kilometers downstream from where headwater tributaries join the river. Recurrent glaciation (and deglaciation) of basin headwaters has affected river discharge and sediment supply far downstream, influencing deposition of alluvium and river incision in the Weldona quadrangle. During the Pleistocene the course of the river within the map area shifted progressively southward as it incised, and by late middle Pleistocene the river was south of its present position, cutting and filling deep paleochannels now covered by younger alluvium. The river shifted back to the north during the late Pleistocene. Kiowa and Bijou Creeks are unglaciated tributaries originating in the Colorado Piedmont east of the Front Range that also have played a major role in shaping surficial geology of the map area. Periodically during the late Pleistocene, major flood events on these tributaries deposited large volumes of sediment at their confluences, forming a broad, low-gradient fan of sidestream alluvium that could have occasionally dammed the river for short periods of time. Eolian sand deposits of the Sterling (north of river) and Fort Morgan (south of river) dune fields cover much of the quadrangle and record past episodes of sand mobilization during times of prolonged drought. With the onset of irrigation and damming during historical times, the South Platte River has changed from a broad, shallow, and sandy braided river with highly variable seasonal discharge to a much narrower, deeper river with braided-meandering transition morphology and more uniform discharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3396","usgsCitation":"Berry, M.E., Taylor, E.M., Slate, J.L., Paces, J.B., Hanson, P.R., and Brandt, T.R., 2018, Geologic map of the Weldona 7.5′ quadrangle, Morgan County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3396, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3396.","productDescription":"Map: 54.85 x 37.32 inches; 4 Related Works; 2 Data releases; Read Me","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-087648","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352658,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7QN65M3","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data release of OSL, 14C, and U-series age data supporting geologic mapping along the South Platte River corridor in northeastern Colorado"},{"id":352657,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3344","text":"Scientific Investigations Map 3344 —","linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the Masters 7.5' quadrangle, Weld and Morgan Counties, Colorado"},{"id":352656,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3331","text":"Scientific Investigations Map 3331 —","linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the Orchard 7.5' quadrangle, Morgan County, Colorado"},{"id":352662,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3396/sim3396_geospatial_map.pdf","text":"Georeferenced Map","size":"339 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3336 Georeferenced Map"},{"id":352388,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3396/sim3396_map.pdf","text":"Map","size":"4.26 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3336 Map"},{"id":353176,"rank":8,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3396/sim3396_readme.txt","text":"Read Me","size":"8.0kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIM 3396 Read Me"},{"id":352672,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7610Z63","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data release for the geologic map of the Weldona 7.5' quadrangle, Morgan County, Colorado"},{"id":352387,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3396/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":354897,"rank":9,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3408","text":"Scientific Investigations Map 3408 —","linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the Fort Morgan 7.5' quadrangle, Morgan County, Colorado"},{"id":363172,"rank":10,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195020","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2019-5020 —","linkHelpText":"Pleistocene and Holocene Landscape Development of the South Platte River Corridor, Northeastern Colorado"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Morgan County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104,\n 40.25\n ],\n [\n -103.875,\n 40.25\n ],\n [\n -103.875,\n 40.375\n ],\n [\n -104,\n 40.375\n ],\n [\n -104,\n 40.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 980
Denver, CO 80225
http://gec.cr.usgs.gov/
Citizen science involves a range of practices involving public participation in scientific knowledge production, but outcomes evaluation is complicated by the diversity of the goals and forms of citizen science. Publications and citations are not adequate metrics to describe citizen-science productivity. We address this gap by contributing a science products inventory (SPI) tool, iteratively developed through an expert panel and case studies, intended to support general-purpose planning and evaluation of citizen-science projects with respect to science productivity. The SPI includes a collection of items for tracking the production of science outputs and data practices, which are described and illustrated with examples. Several opportunities for further development of the initial inventory are highlighted, as well as potential for using the inventory as a tool to guide project management, funding, and research on citizen science.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/bioscience/biy028","usgsCitation":"Wiggins, A., Bonney, R., LeBuhn, G., Parrish, J.K., and Weltzin, J., 2018, A science products inventory for citizen-science planning and evaluation: BioScience, v. 68, no. 6, p. 436-444, https://doi.org/10.1093/bioscience/biy028.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"436","endPage":"444","ipdsId":"IP-091783","costCenters":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468840,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioscience/biy028","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353256,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-04-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6e5e4b0da30c1bfbf04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiggins, Andrea","contributorId":149661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiggins","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17774,"text":"U New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonney, Rick","contributorId":112611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonney","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeBuhn, Gretchen","contributorId":204015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LeBuhn","given":"Gretchen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36798,"text":"San Francisco State University, Department of Biology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parrish, Julia K.","contributorId":47270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weltzin, Jake 0000-0001-8641-6645 jweltzin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8641-6645","contributorId":196323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltzin","given":"Jake","email":"jweltzin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70196451,"text":"70196451 - 2018 - Wetlands in a changing climate: Science, policy and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-04T16:05:58","indexId":"70196451","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wetlands in a changing climate: Science, policy and management","docAbstract":"Part 1 of this review synthesizes recent research on status and climate vulnerability of freshwater and saltwater wetlands, and their contribution to addressing climate change (carbon cycle, adaptation, resilience). Peatlands and vegetated coastal wetlands are among the most carbon rich sinks on the planet sequestering approximately as much carbon as do global forest ecosystems. Estimates of the consequences of rising temperature on current wetland carbon storage and future carbon sequestration potential are summarized. We also demonstrate the need to prevent drying of wetlands and thawing of permafrost by disturbances and rising temperatures to protect wetland carbon stores and climate adaptation/resiliency ecosystem services. Preventing further wetland loss is found to be important in limiting future emissions to meet climate goals, but is seldom considered. In Part 2, the paper explores the policy and management realm from international to national, subnational and local levels to identify strategies and policies reflecting an integrated understanding of both wetland and climate change science. Specific recommendations are made to capture synergies between wetlands and carbon cycle management, adaptation and resiliency to further enable researchers, policy makers and practitioners to protect wetland carbon and climate adaptation/resiliency ecosystem services.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-018-1023-8","usgsCitation":"Moomaw, W.R., Chmura, G., Davies, G.T., Finlayson, M., Middleton, B.A., Natali, S.M., Perry, J., Roulet, N., and Sutton-Grier, A., 2018, Wetlands in a changing climate: Science, policy and management: Wetlands, v. 38, no. 2, p. 183-205, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-018-1023-8.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"205","ipdsId":"IP-084202","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-018-1023-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353250,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-04-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6e5e4b0da30c1bfbf02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moomaw, William R.","contributorId":204022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moomaw","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36800,"text":"Tufts University, Woods Hole","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chmura, G.L.","contributorId":70934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chmura","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davies, Gillian T.","contributorId":204023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davies","given":"Gillian","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":36801,"text":"BSC Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Finlayson, Max","contributorId":204026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finlayson","given":"Max","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36804,"text":"Charles Sturt University, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Middleton, Beth A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":2029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Natali, Sue M.","contributorId":204028,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Natali","given":"Sue","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16705,"text":"Woods Hole Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Perry, James","contributorId":172178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perry","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roulet, Nigel","contributorId":204027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roulet","given":"Nigel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36802,"text":"McGill University, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sutton-Grier, Ariana","contributorId":204025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sutton-Grier","given":"Ariana","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70196454,"text":"70196454 - 2018 - Early growth interactions between a mangrove and an herbaceous salt marsh species are not affected by elevated CO2 or drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-09T10:15:27","indexId":"70196454","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Early growth interactions between a mangrove and an herbaceous salt marsh species are not affected by elevated CO2 or drought","title":"Early growth interactions between a mangrove and an herbaceous salt marsh species are not affected by elevated CO2 or drought","docAbstract":"Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations are likely to influence future distributions of plants and plant community structure in many regions of the world through effects on photosynthetic rates. In recent decades the encroachment of woody mangrove species into herbaceous marshes has been documented along the U.S. northern Gulf of Mexico coast. These species shifts have been attributed primarily to rising sea levels and warming winter temperatures, but the role of elevated CO2 and water availability may become more prominent drivers of species interactions under future climate conditions. Drought has been implicated as a major factor contributing to salt marsh vegetation dieback in this region. In this greenhouse study we examined the effects of CO2 concentration (∼380 ppm, ∼700 ppm) and water regime (drought, saturated, flooded) on early growth of Avicennia germinans, a C3 mangrove species, and Spartina alterniflora, a C4 grass. Plants were grown in monocultures and in a mixed-species assemblage. We found that neither species responded to elevated CO2 over the 10-month duration of the experiment, and there were few interactions between experimental factors. Two effects of water regime were documented: lower A. germinanspneumatophore biomass under drought conditions, and lower belowground biomass under flooded conditions regardless of planting assemblage. Evidence of interspecific interactions was noted. Competition for aboveground resources (e.g., light) was indicated by lower S. alterniflora stem biomass in mixed-species assemblage compared to biomass in S. alterniflora monocultures. Pneumatophore biomass of A. germinans was reduced when grown in monoculture compared to the mixed-species assemblage, indicating competition for belowground resources. These interactions provide insight into how these species may respond following major disturbance events that lead to vegetation dieback. Site variation in propagule availability and physico-chemical conditions will determine plant community composition and structure following such disturbances when these two species co-occur.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2018.03.026","usgsCitation":"Howard, R.J., Stagg, C.L., and Utomo, H.S., 2018, Early growth interactions between a mangrove and an herbaceous salt marsh species are not affected by elevated CO2 or drought: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 207, p. 74-81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2018.03.026.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"81","ipdsId":"IP-088462","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7C8286J","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Early growth interactions between a mangrove and an herbaceous salt marsh species are not affected by elevated CO2 or drought, Louisiana saltmarsh, 2015"},{"id":353255,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"207","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6e5e4b0da30c1bfbf00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Rebecca J. 0000-0001-7264-4364 howardr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-4364","contributorId":2429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Rebecca","email":"howardr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stagg, Camille L. 0000-0002-1125-7253 staggc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-7253","contributorId":4111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stagg","given":"Camille","email":"staggc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Utomo, Herry S.","contributorId":204029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Utomo","given":"Herry","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":32913,"text":"Louisiana State University Agricultural Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70196440,"text":"70196440 - 2018 - Remote sensing of tamarisk beetle (Diorhabda carinulata) impacts along 412 km of the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-09T10:13:32","indexId":"70196440","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Remote sensing of tamarisk beetle (Diorhabda carinulata) impacts along 412 km of the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA","title":"Remote sensing of tamarisk beetle (Diorhabda carinulata) impacts along 412 km of the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA","docAbstract":"Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) is an invasive plant species that is rapidly expanding along arid and semi-arid rivers in the western United States. A biocontrol agent, tamarisk beetle (Diorhabda carinulata), was released in 2001 in California, Colorado, Utah, and Texas. In 2009, the tamarisk beetle was found further south than anticipated in the Colorado River ecosystem within the Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. Our objectives were to classify tamarisk stands along 412 km of the Colorado River from the Glen Canyon Dam through the Grand Canyon National Park using 2009 aerial, high spatial resolution multispectral imagery, and then quantify tamarisk beetle impacts by comparing the pre-beetle images from 2009 with 2013 post-beetle images. We classified tamarisk presence in 2009 using the Mahalanobis Distance method with a total of 2500 training samples, and assessed the classification accuracy with an independent set of 7858 samples across 49 image quads. A total of 214 ha of tamarisk were detected in 2009 along the Colorado River, where each image quad, on average, included an 8.4 km segment of the river. Tamarisk detection accuracies varied across the 49 image quads, but the combined overall accuracy across the entire study region was 74%. Using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from 2009 and 2013 with a region-specific ratio of >1.5 decline between the two image dates (2009NDVI/2013NDVI), we detected tamarisk defoliation due to beetle herbivory. The total beetle-impacted tamarisk area was 32 ha across the study region, where tamarisk defoliation ranged 1–86% at the local levels. Our tamarisk classification can aid long-term efforts to monitor the spread and impact of the beetle along the river and the eventual mortality of tamarisk due to beetle impacts. Identifying areas of tamarisk defoliation is a useful ecological indicator for managers to plan restoration and tamarisk removal efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.02.026","usgsCitation":"Bedford, A., Sankey, T.T., Sankey, J.B., Durning, L., and Ralston, B., 2018, Remote sensing of tamarisk beetle (Diorhabda carinulata) impacts along 412 km of the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA: Ecological Indicators, v. 89, p. 365-375, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.02.026.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"375","ipdsId":"IP-087465","costCenters":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468841,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.02.026","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F72B8X71","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Remote sensing derived maps of tamarisk (2009) and beetle impacts (2013) along 412 km of the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon, Arizona"},{"id":353254,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Glen Canyon, Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.62335205078125,\n 35.7019167328534\n ],\n [\n -111.4892578125,\n 35.7019167328534\n ],\n [\n -111.4892578125,\n 36.96086580957587\n ],\n [\n -113.62335205078125,\n 36.96086580957587\n ],\n [\n -113.62335205078125,\n 35.7019167328534\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"89","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6e5e4b0da30c1bfbf06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedford, Ashton","contributorId":173298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bedford","given":"Ashton","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27207,"text":"NAU and NPS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sankey, Temuulen T.","contributorId":173297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sankey","given":"Temuulen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7202,"text":"NAU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992 jsankey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":3935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel","email":"jsankey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Durning, Laura E. 0000-0003-3282-2458","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3282-2458","contributorId":177023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Durning","given":"Laura E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ralston, Barbara 0000-0001-9991-8994 bralston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9991-8994","contributorId":195797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralston","given":"Barbara","email":"bralston@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70198746,"text":"70198746 - 2018 - Quantifying climate-related interactions in shallow and deep storage and evapotranspiration in a forested, seasonally water-limited watershed in the Southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T09:26:00","indexId":"70198746","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-06T09:24:24","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying climate-related interactions in shallow and deep storage and evapotranspiration in a forested, seasonally water-limited watershed in the Southeastern United States","docAbstract":"The Southeastern United States experiences recurring hydrological droughts, which can reduce water availability and can result in water-limiting conditions. Long-term monitoring at Panola Mountain Research Watershed, a small, forested, seasonally water-limited watershed near Atlanta, Georgia, was used to quantify the interactions of climatic variability with shallow and deep storage and evapotranspiration. Watershed storage (WS) and actual evapotranspiration (AET) were estimated monthly from 1985 through 2015 using a water-budget approach combined with a WS-baseflow relationship. Shallow storage (SS) was assessed from a soil moisture profile. Soil moisture transitioned from recharge to surplus as SS increased from its field capacity to a nearly saturated state during the dormant season, and transitioned from utilization to climatic water deficits as SS declined from its field capacity to its wilting point during the growing season. Deeper storage was unavailable to AET during dry conditions. The majority of deeper storage recharge occurred during the dormant season and required SS to be wet. WS was an effective drought indicator. Growing season droughts typically occurred when WS was below normal at the end of the dormant season and growing season precipitation (P) was below or near normal. A hydrologic persistence analysis found that monthly-standardized WS was significantly correlated (p-value <0.05) with past monthly-standardized WS for the previous 19 months and with past monthly P for the previous 11 months, indicating the importance of past hydrologic conditions on WS. Expected climatic changes affected recharge during the dormant season and deficits during the growing season.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2017WR020964","usgsCitation":"Aulenbach, B.T., and Norman E. Peters, 2018, Quantifying climate-related interactions in shallow and deep storage and evapotranspiration in a forested, seasonally water-limited watershed in the Southeastern United States: Water Resources Research, v. 54, no. 4, p. 3037-3061, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020964.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"3037","endPage":"3061","ipdsId":"IP-086326","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356610,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a2d9e4b0702d0e842ffd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T. 0000-0003-2863-1288 btaulenb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-1288","contributorId":3057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent","email":"btaulenb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norman E. Peters 0000-0002-0637-9424","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0637-9424","contributorId":207130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norman E. Peters","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70249435,"text":"70249435 - 2018 - Rainfall over the African continent from the 19th through the 21st century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-10T14:30:40.689814","indexId":"70249435","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-06T09:22:04","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1844,"text":"Global and Planetary Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rainfall over the African continent from the 19th through the 21st century","docAbstract":"Most of the African continent is semi-arid and hence prone to extreme variations in rainfall from year to year. The extreme droughts that have plagued the Sahel and eastern Africa are particularly well known. This article uses a markedly expanded and updated rainfall data set to examine rainfall variability in 13 sectors that cover most of the continent. Annual rainfall is presented for each sector; the March-to-May and October–November seasons are also examined for equatorial sectors. In each case, the article includes the longest and most comprehensive precipitation gauge series ever published. All time series cover at least a century and most cover roughly one and one-half centuries or more.
Although towards the end of the 20th century there was a widespread trend towards more arid conditions, few significant trends are evident over the entire period of record. The largest were downward trends in the Sahel and western sectors of North Africa. In those regions, an abrupt reduction in rainfall occurred around 1968, but a synchronous change occurred many other parts of Africa. A recovery did occur in the Sahel, but to varying degrees across the east-west expanse of the region. Noteworthy is that the west-to-east rainfall gradient across the region appears to have weakened in recent decades. For the continent as a whole, another change began in the 1980s decade, with more arid conditions persisting at the continental scale until early in the twenty-first century. No other such period of dry conditions occurred within the roughly one and one-half centuries evaluated here. A notable change also occurred at the seasonal level. During the period 1980 to 1998 rainfall during March-to-May was well below the long-term mean throughout most of the area from 20° N to 35° S. At the same time rainfall was above the long-term mean in most of eastern sectors within this latitude span, indicating a change in the seasonality of rainfall of a large part of Africa.
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0000-0002-5840-2120","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5840-2120","contributorId":330680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fink","given":"Andreas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":78964,"text":"University of Cologne: Cologne, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70195948,"text":"ofr20181033 - 2018 - Legacy K/Ar and 40Ar/39Ar geochronologic data from the Alaska-Aleutian Range batholith of south-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-10T16:46:07","indexId":"ofr20181033","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1033","displayTitle":"Legacy K/Ar and 40Ar/39Ar geochronologic data from the Alaska-Aleutian Range batholith of south-central Alaska","title":"Legacy K/Ar and 40Ar/39Ar geochronologic data from the Alaska-Aleutian Range batholith of south-central Alaska","docAbstract":"Sample descriptions and analytical data for more than 200 K/Ar and 40Ar/39Ar analyses from rocks of the Alaska-Aleutian Range batholith of south-central Alaska are reported here. Samples were collected over a period of 20 years by Bruce R. Reed and Marvin A. Lanphere (both U.S. Geological Survey) as part of their studies of the batholith.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181033","usgsCitation":"Koeneman, L.L., and Wilson, F.H., comps., 2018, Legacy K/Ar and 40Ar/39Ar geochronologic data from the Alaska-\nAleutian Range batholith of south-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1033, 8 p.,\n1 plate, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181033.","productDescription":"Plate: 16.96 x 27.64 inches; Pamphlet: iii, 8 p.; 2 Tables; Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-086126","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352666,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1033/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":352667,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1033/ofr20181033.pdf","text":"Report","size":"50.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1033"},{"id":352670,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1033/ofr20181033_table02.csv","text":"Table 2","size":"7 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"description":"OFR 2018-1033 Table 2"},{"id":352669,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1033/ofr20181033_table01.csv","text":"Table 1","size":"83 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"description":"OFR 2018-1033 Table 1"},{"id":352671,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1033/ofr20181033_metadata.zipx","text":"Metadata","size":"19 KB zipx","description":"OFR 2018-1033 Metadata"},{"id":352668,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1033/ofr20181033_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"404 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1033 Pamphlet"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.25,\n 59.75\n ],\n [\n -151.875,\n 59.75\n ],\n [\n -151.875,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -155.25,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -155.25,\n 59.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Alaska Science Center staff
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Fisheries and water managers often use population models to aid in understanding the effect of alternative water management or restoration actions on anadromous fish populations. We developed the Stream Salmonid Simulator (S3) to help resource managers evaluate the effect of management alternatives on juvenile salmonid populations. S3 is a deterministic stage-structured population model that tracks daily growth, movement, and survival of juvenile salmon. A key theme of the model is that river flow affects habitat availability and capacity, which in turn drives density dependent population dynamics. To explicitly link population dynamics to habitat quality and quantity, the river environment is constructed as a one-dimensional series of linked habitat units, each of which has an associated daily time series of discharge, water temperature, and usable habitat area or carrying capacity. The physical characteristics of each habitat unit and the number of fish occupying each unit, in turn, drive survival and growth within each habitat unit and movement of fish among habitat units.
The purpose of this report is to outline the underlying general structure of the S3 model that is common among different applications of the model. We have developed applications of the S3 model for juvenile fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the lower Klamath River. Thus, this report is a companion to current application of the S3 model to the Trinity River (in review). The general S3 model structure provides a biological and physical framework for the salmonid freshwater life cycle. This framework captures important demographics of juvenile salmonids aimed at translating management alternatives into simulated population responses. Although the S3 model is built on this common framework, the model has been constructed to allow much flexibility in application of the model to specific river systems. The ability for practitioners to include system-specific information for the physical stream structure, survival, growth, and movement processes ensures that simulations provide results that are relevant to the questions asked about the population under study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Perry, R.W., Plumb, J.M., Jones, E.C., Som, N.A., Hetrick, N.J., and Hardy, T.B., 2018, Model structure of the stream salmonid simulator (S3)—A dynamic model for simulating growth, movement, and survival of juvenile salmonids: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018-1056, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181056.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-092781","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353225,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1056/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":353226,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1056/ofr20181056.pdf","text":"Report","size":"971 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1056"}],"contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
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