The design, construction, and performance analyses of a 6.1ha evapotranspiration (ET) landfill cover at the semiarid U.S. Army Fort Carson site, near Colorado Springs, Colo. are presented. Initial water-balance model simulations, using literature reported soil hydraulic data, aided selection of borrow-source soil type(s) that resulted in predictions of negligible annual drainage (⩽1mm∕year). Final construction design was based on refined water-balance simulations using laboratory determined soil hydraulic values from borrow area natural soil horizons that were described with USDA soil classification methods. Cover design components included a 122cm thick clay loam (USDA), compaction ⩽80% of the standard Proctor maximum dry density (dry bulk density ∼1.3Mg/m3), erosion control measures, top soil amended with biosolids, and seeding with native grasses. Favorable hydrologic performance for a 5year period was documented by lysimeter-measured and Richards’-based calculations of annual drainage that were all <0.4mm∕year. Water potential data suggest that ET removed water that infiltrated the cover and contributed to a persistent driving force for upward flow and removal of water from below the base of the cover.
Abstract: Some sources of organic wastewater compounds (OWCs) to streams, lakes, and estuaries, including wastewater‐treatment‐plant effluent, have been well documented, but other sources, particularly wet‐weather discharges from combined‐sewer‐overflow (CSO) and urban runoff, may also be major sources of OWCs. Samples of wastewater‐treatment‐plant (WWTP) effluent, CSO effluent, urban streams, large rivers, a reference (undeveloped) stream, and Lake Champlain were collected from March to August 2006. The highest concentrations of many OWCs associated with wastewater were in WWTP‐effluent samples, but high concentrations of some OWCs in samples of CSO effluent and storm runoff from urban streams subject to leaky sewer pipes or CSOs were also detected. Total concentrations and numbers of compounds detected differed substantially among sampling sites. The highest total OWC concentrations (10‐100 μg/l) were in samples of WWTP and CSO effluent. Total OWC concentrations in samples from urban streams ranged from 0.1 to 10 μg/l, and urban stream‐stormflow samples had higher concentrations than baseflow samples because of contributions of OWCs from CSOs and leaking sewer pipes. The relations between OWC concentrations in WWTP‐effluent and those in CSO effluent and urban streams varied with the degree to which the compound is removed through normal wastewater treatment. Concentrations of compounds that are highly removed during normal wastewater treatment [including caffeine, Tris(2‐butoxyethyl)phosphate, and cholesterol] were generally similar to or higher in CSO effluent than in WWTP effluent (and ranged from around 1 to over 10 μg/l) because CSO effluent is untreated, and were higher in urban‐stream stormflow samples than in baseflow samples as a result of CSO discharge and leakage from near‐surface sources during storms. Concentrations of compounds that are poorly removed during treatment, by contrast, are higher in WWTP effluent than in CSO, due to dilution. Results indicate that CSO effluent and urban stormwaters can be a significant major source of OWCs entering large water bodies such as Burlington Bay.
The objective of this study was to compare fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) (fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli [EC], and enterococci [ENT]) concentrations with a wide array of typical organic wastewater chemicals and selected bacterial genes as indicators of fecal pollution in water samples collected at or near 18 surface water drinking water intakes. Genes tested included esp (indicating human-pathogenic ENT) and nine genes associated with various animal sources of shiga-toxin–producing EC (STEC). Fecal pollution was indicated by genes and/or chemicals for 14 of the 18 tested samples, with little relation to FIB standards. Of 13 samples with <50 EC 100 mL−1, human pharmaceuticals or chemical indicators of wastewater treatment plant effluent occurred in six, veterinary antibiotics were detected in three, and stx1 or stx2 genes (indicating varying animal sources of STEC) were detected in eight. Only the EC eaeA gene was positively correlated with FIB concentrations. Human-source fecal pollution was indicated by the esp gene and the human pharmaceutical carbamazepine in one of the nine samples that met all FIB recreational water quality standards. Escherichia coli rfbO157 and stx2c genes, which are typically associated with cattle sources and are of potential human health significance, were detected in one sample in the absence of tested chemicals. Chemical and gene-based indicators of fecal contamination may be present even when FIB standards are met, and some may, unlike FIB, indicate potential sources. Application of multiple water quality indicators with variable environmental persistence and fate may yield greater confidence in fecal pollution assessment and may inform remediation decisions
","language":"English","publisher":"Alliance of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science Societies","doi":"10.2134/jeq2008.0173","issn":"00472","usgsCitation":"Haack, S., Duris, J., Fogarty, L., Kolpin, D., Focazio, M., Furlong, E., and Meyer, M.T., 2009, Comparing wastewater chemicals, indicator bacteria concentrations, and bacterial pathogen genes as fecal pollution indicators: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 38, no. 1, p. 248-258, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0173.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"258","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213652,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0173"}],"volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f83be4b0c8380cd4cf6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haack, S.K.","contributorId":26457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duris, J.W.","contributorId":62835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duris","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fogarty, L.R.","contributorId":27236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogarty","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Focazio, M. J.","contributorId":62997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Furlong, E. T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Meyer, M. T.","contributorId":92279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70032337,"text":"70032337 - 2009 - Relating groundwater to seasonal wetlands in southeastern Wisconsin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032337","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relating groundwater to seasonal wetlands in southeastern Wisconsin, USA","docAbstract":"Historically, drier types of wetlands have been difficult to characterize and are not well researched. Nonetheless, they are considered to reflect the precipitation history with little, if any, regard for possible relation to groundwater. Two seasonal coastal wetland types (wet prairie, sedge meadow) were investigated during three growing seasons at three sites in the Lake Michigan Basin, Wisconsin, USA. The six seasonal wetlands were characterized using standard soil and vegetation techniques and groundwater measurements from the shallow and deep systems. They all met wetland hydrology criteria (e.g., water within 30 cm of land surface for 5% of the growing season) during the early portion of the growing season despite the lack of appreciable regional groundwater discharge into the wetland root zones. Although root-zone duration analyses did not fit a lognormal distribution previously noted in groundwater-dominated wetlands, they were able to discriminate between the plant communities and showed that wet prairie communities had shorter durations of continuous soil saturation than sedge meadow communities. These results demonstrate that the relative rates of groundwater outflows can be important for wetland hydrology and resulting wetland type. Thus, regional stresses to the shallow groundwater system such as pumping or low Great Lake levels can be expected to affect even drier wetland types. ?? Springer-Verlag 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-008-0345-7","issn":"14312","usgsCitation":"Skalbeck, J., Reed, D., Hunt, R.J., and Lambert, J., 2009, Relating groundwater to seasonal wetlands in southeastern Wisconsin, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 17, no. 1, p. 215-228, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0345-7.","startPage":"215","endPage":"228","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215043,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0345-7"},{"id":242812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a624e4b0e8fec6cdc0dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skalbeck, J.D.","contributorId":14657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skalbeck","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, D.M.","contributorId":55659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lambert, J.D.","contributorId":98557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032785,"text":"70032785 - 2009 - Naturally acidic surface and ground waters draining porphyry-related mineralized areas of the Southern Rocky Mountains, Colorado and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T08:41:22","indexId":"70032785","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Naturally acidic surface and ground waters draining porphyry-related mineralized areas of the Southern Rocky Mountains, Colorado and New Mexico","docAbstract":"Acidic, metal-rich waters produced by the oxidative weathering and resulting leaching of major and trace elements from pyritic rocks can adversely affect water quality in receiving streams and riparian ecosystems. Five study areas in the southern Rocky Mountains with naturally acidic waters associated with porphyry mineralization were studied to document variations in water chemistry and processes that control the chemical variations. Study areas include the Upper Animas River watershed, East Alpine Gulch, Mount Emmons, and Handcart Gulch in Colorado and the Red River in New Mexico. Although host-rock lithologies in all these areas range from Precambrian gneisses to Cretaceous sedimentary units to Tertiary volcanic complexes, the mineralization is Tertiary in age and associated with intermediate to felsic composition, porphyritic plutons. Pyrite is ubiquitous, ranging from ???1 to >5 vol.%. Springs and headwater streams have pH values as low as 2.6, SO4 up to 3700 mg/L and high dissolved metal concentrations (for example: Fe up to 400 mg/L; Cu up to 3.5 mg/L; and Zn up to 14.4 mg/L). Intensity of hydrothermal alteration and presence of sulfides are the primary controls of water chemistry of these naturally acidic waters. Subbasins underlain by intensely hydrothermally altered lithologies are poorly vegetated and quite susceptible to storm-induced surface runoff. Within the Red River study area, results from a storm runoff study documented downstream changes in river chemistry: pH decreased from 7.80 to 4.83, alkalinity decreased from 49.4 to <1 mg/L, SO4 increased from 162 to 314 mg/L, dissolved Fe increased from to 0.011 to 0.596 mg/L, and dissolved Zn increased from 0.056 to 0.607 mg/L. Compared to mine drainage in the same study areas, the chemistry of naturally acidic waters tends to overlap but not reach the extreme concentrations of metals and acidity as some mine waters. The chemistry of waters draining these mineralized but unmined areas can be used to estimate premining conditions at sites with similar geologic and hydrologic conditions. For example, the US Geological Survey was asked to estimate premining ground-water chemistry at the Questa Mo mine, and the proximal analog approach was used because a mineralized but unmined area was located adjacent to the mine property. By comparing and contrasting water chemistry from different porphyry mineralized areas, this study not only documents the range in concentrations of constituents of interest but also provides insight into the primary controls of water chemistry.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.014","issn":"08832","usgsCitation":"Verplanck, P., Nordstrom, D.K., Bove, D.J., Plumlee, G., and Runkel, R., 2009, Naturally acidic surface and ground waters draining porphyry-related mineralized areas of the Southern Rocky Mountains, Colorado and New Mexico: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 2, p. 255-267, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.014.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"267","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213621,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.014"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6388e4b0c8380cd7253d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verplanck, P. L. 0000-0002-3653-6419","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":106565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":437898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bove, D. J.","contributorId":70767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bove","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Plumlee, G.S.","contributorId":80698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70273165,"text":"70273165 - 2009 - Wide-area estimates of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) evapotranspiration on the lower Colorado River measured by heat balance and remote sensing methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-17T16:36:20.593727","indexId":"70273165","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-16T10:28:02","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Wide-area estimates of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) evapotranspiration on the lower Colorado River measured by heat balance and remote sensing methods","title":"Wide-area estimates of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) evapotranspiration on the lower Colorado River measured by heat balance and remote sensing methods","docAbstract":"In many places along the lower Colorado River, saltcedar (Tamarix spp) has replaced the native shrubs and trees, including arrowweed, mesquite, cottonwood and willows. Some have advocated that by removing saltcedar, we could save water and create environments more favourable to these native species. To test these assumptions we compared sap flux measurements of water used by native species in contrast to saltcedar, and compared soil salinity, ground water depth and soil moisture across a gradient of 200–1500 m from the river's edge on a floodplain terrace at Cibola National Wildlife Refuge (CNWR). We found that the fraction of land covered (fc) with vegetation in 2005–2007 was similar to that occupied by native vegetation in 1938 using satellite-derived estimates and reprocessed aerial photographs scaled to comparable spatial resolutions (3–4 m). We converted fc to estimates of leaf area index (LAI) through point sampling and destructive analyses (r2 = 0·82). Saltcedar LAI averaged 2·54 with an fc of 0·80, and reached a maximum of 3·7 with an fc of 0·95. The ranges in fc and LAI are similar to those reported for native vegetation elsewhere and from the 1938 photographs over the study site. On-site measurements of water use and soil and aquifer properties confirmed that although saltcedar grows in areas where salinity has increased much better than native shrubs and trees, rates of transpiration are similar. Annual water use over CNWR was about 1·15 m year−1.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eco.35","usgsCitation":"Nagler, P.L., Morino, K., Didan, K., Erker, J., Osterberg, J., Hultine, K.R., and Glenn, E., 2009, Wide-area estimates of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) evapotranspiration on the lower Colorado River measured by heat balance and remote sensing methods: Ecohydrology, v. 2, no. 1, p. 18-33, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.35.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"33","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497646,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California","otherGeospatial":"Cibola National Wildlife Refuge, lower Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.63516108481522,\n 33.36083249933965\n ],\n [\n -114.74705722768329,\n 33.36083249933965\n ],\n [\n -114.74705722768329,\n 33.15532370977883\n ],\n [\n -114.63516108481522,\n 33.15532370977883\n ],\n [\n -114.63516108481522,\n 33.36083249933965\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morino, Kiyomi","contributorId":78210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morino","given":"Kiyomi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":952565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Didan, Kamel","contributorId":130999,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Didan","given":"Kamel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7204,"text":"University of Arizona, Electrical and Computer Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erker, J.","contributorId":35118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erker","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":952567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Osterberg, John","contributorId":179107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osterberg","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":952568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hultine, Kevin R. 0000-0001-9747-6037","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9747-6037","contributorId":23772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hultine","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":952569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":56542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward P.","affiliations":[{"id":13060,"text":"Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70230339,"text":"70230339 - 2009 - A Miocene to Pleistocene climate and elevation record of the Sierra Nevada (California)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-07T15:00:21.020997","indexId":"70230339","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-13T09:53:37","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2982,"text":"PNAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Miocene to Pleistocene climate and elevation record of the Sierra Nevada (California)","docAbstract":"Orographic precipitation of Pacific-sourced moisture creates a rain shadow across the central part of the Sierra Nevada (California) that contrasts with the southern part of the range, where seasonal monsoonal precipitation sourced to the south obscures this rain shadow effect. Orographic rainout systematically lowers the hydrogen isotope composition of precipitation (δDppt) and therefore δDppt reflects a measure of the magnitude of the rain shadow. Hydrogen isotope compositions of volcanic glass (δDglass) hydrated at the earth's surface provide a unique opportunity to track the elevation and precipitation history of the Sierra Nevada and adjacent Basin and Range Province. Analysis of 67 well dated volcanic glass samples from widespread volcanic ash-fall deposits located from the Pacific coast to the Basin and Range Province demonstrates that between 0.6 and 12.1 Ma the hydrogen isotope compositions of meteoric water displayed a large (>40‰) decrease from the windward to the leeward side of the central Sierra Nevada, consistent with the existence of a rain shadow of modern magnitude over that time. Evidence for a Miocene-to-recent rain shadow of constant magnitude and systematic changes in the longitudinal climate and precipitation patterns strongly suggest that the modern first-order topographic elements of the Sierra Nevada characterized the landscape over at least the last 12 million years.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0708811105","usgsCitation":"Mulch, A., Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., Perkins, M.E., and Chamberlain, C., 2009, A Miocene to Pleistocene climate and elevation record of the Sierra Nevada (California): PNAS, v. 105, no. 19, p. 6819-6824, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708811105.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"6819","endPage":"6824","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2383980","text":"External Repository"},{"id":398314,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.400390625,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -117.20214843749999,\n 38.39333888832238\n ],\n [\n -119.2236328125,\n 40.56389453066509\n ],\n [\n -121.61865234375,\n 41.47566020027821\n ],\n [\n -122.431640625,\n 40.39676430557203\n ],\n [\n -120.80566406250001,\n 38.496593518947584\n ],\n [\n -119.00390625,\n 36.13787471840729\n ],\n [\n -115.400390625,\n 35.10193405724606\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulch, A.","contributorId":289906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulch","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":840027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M. 0000-0002-0244-9149 asarna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":1046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"Andrei","email":"asarna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":840028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perkins, M. E.","contributorId":92707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":840029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chamberlain, C. P.","contributorId":103841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chamberlain","given":"C. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":840030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":77408,"text":"sir20065101C - 2009 - Effects of urbanization on the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of small Blackland Prairie streams in and near the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T19:45:45.84052","indexId":"sir20065101C","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5101","chapter":"C","title":"Effects of urbanization on the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of small Blackland Prairie streams in and near the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area, Texas","docAbstract":"In 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program began a series of studies in the contiguous United States to examine the effects of urbanization on the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of streams. Small streams in the Texas Blackland Prairie level III ecoregion in and near the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area were the focus of one of the studies. The principal objectives of the study, based on data collected in 2003-04 from 28 subbasins of the Trinity River Basin, were to (1) define a gradient of urbanization for small Blackland Prairie streams in the Trinity River Basin on the basis of a range of urban intensity indexes (UIIs) calculated using land-use/land-cover, infrastructure, and socioeconomic characteristics; (2) assess the relation between this gradient of urbanization and the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of these streams; and (3) evaluate the type of relation (that is, linear or nonlinear, and whether there was a threshold response) of the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of these streams to the gradient of urbanization. Of 94 water-chemistry variables and one measure of potential toxicity from a bioassay, the concentrations of two pesticides (diazinon and sima-zine) and one measure of potential toxicity (P450RGS assay) from compounds sequestered in semipermeable membrane devices were significantly positively correlated with the UII. No threshold responses to the UII for diazinon and simazine concentrations were observed over the entire range of the UII scores. The linear correlation for diazinon with the UII was significant, but the linear correlation for simazine with the UII was not. No statistically significant relations between the UII and concentrations of suspended sediment, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, or any major ions were indicated. Eleven of 59 physical variables from streamflow were significantly correlated with the UII. Temperature was not significantly correlated with the UII, and none of the physical habitat measurements were significantly correlated with the UII. Seven physical variables categorized as streamflow flashiness metrics were significantly positively correlated with the UII, two of which showed a linear but not a threshold response to the UII. Four flow-duration metrics were significantly negatively correlated with the UII, of which two showed a linear response to the UII, one showed a threshold response, and one showed neither. None of the fish metrics were significantly correlated with the UII in the Blackland Prairie streams. Two qualitative multi-habitat benthic macroinvertebrate metrics, predator richness and percentage filterer-collector richness, were significantly correlated with the UII; predator richness was negatively correlated with the UII, and percentage filterer-collector richness was positively correlated with the UII. No threshold response to the UII was observed for either metric, but both showed a significant linear response to the UII. Three richest targeted habitat (RTH) benthic macroinvertebrate metrics, Margalef's richness, predator richness, and omnivore richness were significantly negatively correlated with the UII. Margalef's richness was the only RTH metric that indicated a threshold response to the UII. The majority of unique taxa collected in the periphytic algae samples were diatoms. Six RTH periphytic algae metrics were correlated with the UII and five of the six showed no notable threshold response to the UII; but all five showed significant linear responses to the UII. Only the metric OT_VL_DP, which indicates the presence of algae that are tolerant of low dissolved oxygen conditions, showed a threshold response to the UII. Six depositional target habitat periphytic algae metrics were correlated with the UII, five of which showed no threshold response to the UII; three of the five showed significant linear responses to the UII, one showed a borderline significant
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems in six metropolitan areas of the United States (Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5101)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065101C","usgsCitation":"Moring, J., 2009, Effects of urbanization on the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of small Blackland Prairie streams in and near the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5101, v, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065101C.","productDescription":"v, 31 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2006_5101_c.jpg"},{"id":394048,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86419.htm"},{"id":327273,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5101C/pdf/sir2006-5101-C.pdf"},{"id":12394,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5101C/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Dallas-Fort Worth","otherGeospatial":"Blackland Prairie","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.2833,\n 31.6508\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 31.6508\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 33.4244\n ],\n [\n -97.2833,\n 33.4244\n ],\n [\n -97.2833,\n 31.6508\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684d44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moring, J. Bruce","contributorId":53372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"J. Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70045798,"text":"70045798 - 2008 - Mycobacteriosis in striped bass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-20T12:56:02.29995","indexId":"70045798","displayToPublicDate":"2021-08-20T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":359,"text":"Fact Sheet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"displayTitle":"Mycobacteriosis in Striped Bass","title":"Mycobacteriosis in striped bass","docAbstract":"Mycobacteriosis is a bacterial disease in which striped bass (rockfish) may be disfigured as a result of skin ulcers and internal lesions. The bass may also be skinny or in extremely poor condition due to the chronic nature of this wasting disease. Stripers are a highly prized target species for both recreational anglers and commercial fishermen. As such, the economic impact of diseased and devalued fish could be significant. In addition, some of the mycobacteria that commonly infect fishes can cause infections in people and therefore are a human health concern. The total extent to which the disease is occurring along the Eastern seaboard is unknown but the disease has been reported from stripers taken from North Carolina to New York. During 1998-99, skin ulcers attributed to mycobacterial infection were observed in up to 28% of the striped bass from some Virginia tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay. Data obtained during 2002—2003 from fish harvested in Virginia and Maryland waters indicated that, at least in some areas, over 80% of striped bass may be infected with the mycobacteria that are associated with the disease. Given the persistence over the last 8 years of this mycobacteriosis outbreak, this does not appear to be a short-term problem.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70045798","usgsCitation":"Panek, F., 2008, Mycobacteriosis in striped bass: Fact Sheet, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70045798.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271869,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045798/fs_bass_march2008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"138 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":271870,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045798/coverthb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"Original contributing office: Leetown Science Center","contact":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5188d4e4e4b023d2d75b9a82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panek, Frank fpanek@usgs.gov","contributorId":791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panek","given":"Frank","email":"fpanek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70045799,"text":"70045799 - 2008 - Disease of coral and coral reef fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-20T12:36:47.718709","indexId":"70045799","displayToPublicDate":"2021-08-20T08:40:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":359,"text":"Fact Sheet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"2008","displayTitle":"Disease of Coral and Coral Reef Fishes","title":"Disease of coral and coral reef fishes","docAbstract":"The Department of the Interior protects sensitive habitats amounting to about 3,600,000 acres of coral reefs and other submerged lands. These reefs are important ecosystems in 13 National Wildlife Refuges, 10 National Parks and in certain territorial waters such as the Wake Atoll.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70045799","usgsCitation":"Panek, F., 2008, Disease of coral and coral reef fishes: Fact Sheet 2008, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70045799.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271872,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045799/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":271871,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045799/fs_coral_march2008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"193 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"publicComments":"Original contributing office: Leetown Science Center","contact":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5188d4e1e4b023d2d75b9a56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panek, Frank fpanek@usgs.gov","contributorId":791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panek","given":"Frank","email":"fpanek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97042,"text":"sir20085105 - 2008 - Estimating selected streamflow statistics representative of 1930–2002 in West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-15T09:56:30.736534","indexId":"sir20085105","displayToPublicDate":"2021-07-14T13:05:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5105","displayTitle":"Estimating Selected Streamflow Statistics Representative of 1930–2002 in West Virginia","title":"Estimating selected streamflow statistics representative of 1930–2002 in West Virginia","docAbstract":"Regional equations and procedures were developed for estimating 1-, 3-, 7-, 14-, and 30-day 2-year; 1-, 3-, 7-, 14-, and 30-day 5-year; and 1-, 3-, 7-, 14-, and 30-day 10-year hydrologically based low-flow frequency values for unregulated streams in West Virginia. Regional equations and procedures also were developed for estimating the 1-day, 3-year and 4-day, 3-year biologically based low-flow frequency values; the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency harmonic-mean flows; and the 10-, 25-, 50-, 75-, and 90-percent flow-duration values.\r\n\r\nRegional equations were developed using ordinary least-squares regression using statistics from 117 U.S. Geological Survey continuous streamflow-gaging stations as dependent variables and basin characteristics as independent variables. Equations for three regions in West Virginia - North, South-Central, and Eastern Panhandle - were determined. Drainage area, precipitation, and longitude of the basin centroid are significant independent variables in one or more of the equations.\r\n\r\nEstimating procedures are presented for determining statistics at a gaging station, a partial-record station, and an ungaged location. Examples of some estimating procedures are presented.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085105","isbn":"9781411322608","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water and Waste Management","usgsCitation":"Wiley, J.B., 2008, Estimating selected streamflow statistics representative of 1930–2002 in West Virginia (Version 1.1: July 2021; Version 1.0: 2008): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5105, Report: viii, 24 p.; Version History; HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085105.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 24 p.; Version History; HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386955,"rank":5,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5105/versionHist.txt","size":"759 B","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":386954,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5105/sir20085105.pdf","text":"Report","size":"22.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2010-5105"},{"id":195371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5105/coverthb3.jpg"},{"id":12012,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5105/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83,37 ], [ -83,41 ], [ -77,41 ], [ -77,37 ], [ -83,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1: July 2021; Version 1.0: 2008","contact":"Director, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 E. Parham Road
Richmond, VA 23228
Director, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 E. Parham Road
Richmond, VA 23228
Measurement of pH is critical to the understanding of the viability and vulnerability of environmental waters and is considered a master variable in determining the aqueous geochemistry of an aqueous system. pH is a measure that represents the hydrogen-ion concentration (activity) of a solution. This section of the National Field Manual (NFM) describes U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) guidance and protocols for measurement of pH in ground and surface waters. Each chapter of the National Field Manual is published separately and revised periodically. Newly published and revised chapters will be announced on the USGS Home Page on the World Wide Web under 'New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey.'
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 9, chap.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/twri09A6.4","usgsCitation":"Ritz, G., and Collins, J.A., 2008, Chapter A6. Section 6.4. pH (Version 1.3): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 09-A6.4, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri09A6.4.","productDescription":"29 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":363012,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a6/twri9a64/twri9a_Section6.4_ver1.2.pdf","text":"Report July 2003","size":"160 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Version 1.2"},{"id":363011,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a6/twri9a64/twri9a_6.4_ver1.3.pdf","text":"Report January 2006","size":"296 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Version 1.3"},{"id":363700,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm9A0","text":"Techniques and Methods 9-AO","linkHelpText":"- General introduction for the “National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data”"},{"id":363013,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a6/twri9a64/twri9a_Section6.4.pdf","text":"Report April 1998","size":"91.4 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":9806,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a6/twri9a64/twri9a_6.4_ver2.0.pdf","text":"Report","size":"194 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TWRI 9A6.4"}],"edition":"Version 1.3","contact":"Water Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Email: nfm@usgs.gov
","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5a68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ritz, George F. ","contributorId":214882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ritz","given":"George F. ","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, J. A.","contributorId":213074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36711,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":85811,"text":"sir20085102 - 2008 - Regression Equations for Estimating Flood Flows at Selected Recurrence Intervals for Ungaged Streams in Pennsylvania","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":85811,"text":"sir20085102 - 2008 - Regression Equations for Estimating Flood Flows at Selected Recurrence Intervals for Ungaged Streams in Pennsylvania","indexId":"sir20085102","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Regression Equations for Estimating Flood Flows at Selected Recurrence Intervals for Ungaged Streams in Pennsylvania"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70205087,"text":"sir20195094 - 2019 - Development of regression equations for the estimation of flood flows at ungaged streams in Pennsylvania","indexId":"sir20195094","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"title":"Development of regression equations for the estimation of flood flows at ungaged streams in Pennsylvania"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70205087,"text":"sir20195094 - 2019 - Development of regression equations for the estimation of flood flows at ungaged streams in Pennsylvania","indexId":"sir20195094","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"title":"Development of regression equations for the estimation of flood flows at ungaged streams in Pennsylvania"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-28T14:41:10","indexId":"sir20085102","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-28T15:50:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5102","title":"Regression Equations for Estimating Flood Flows at Selected Recurrence Intervals for Ungaged Streams in Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Regression equations were developed for estimating flood flows at selected recurrence intervals for ungaged streams in Pennsylvania with drainage areas less than 2,000 square miles. These equations were developed utilizing peak-flow data from 322 streamflow-gaging stations within Pennsylvania and surrounding states. All stations used in the development of the equations had 10 or more years of record and included active and discontinued continuous-record as well as crest-stage partial-record stations. The state was divided into four regions, and regional regression equations were developed to estimate the 2-, 5-, 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year recurrence-interval flood flows. The equations were developed by means of a regression analysis that utilized basin characteristics and flow data associated with the stations. \r\n\r\nSignificant explanatory variables at the 95-percent confidence level for one or more regression equations included the following basin characteristics: drainage area; mean basin elevation; and the percentages of carbonate bedrock, urban area, and storage within a basin. The regression equations can be used to predict the magnitude of flood flows for specified recurrence intervals for most streams in the state; however, they are not valid for streams with drainage areas generally greater than 2,000 square miles or with substantial regulation, diversion, or mining activity within the basin. Estimates of flood-flow magnitude and frequency for streamflow-gaging stations substantially affected by upstream regulation are also presented.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085102","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Pennsylvania State Association of Township Supervisors, and the Susquehanna River Basin Commission","usgsCitation":"Roland, M.A., and Stuckey, M.H., 2008, Regression Equations for Estimating Flood Flows at Selected Recurrence Intervals for Ungaged Streams in Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5102, vi, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085102.","productDescription":"vi, 57 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11504,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5102/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81,39 ], [ -81,42.5 ], [ -74.5,42.5 ], [ -74.5,39 ], [ -81,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","publicComments":"Scientific Investigations Report 2008–5102 is superseded by Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5094.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f622","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roland, Mark A. 0000-0002-0268-6507 mroland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0268-6507","contributorId":2116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roland","given":"Mark","email":"mroland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stuckey, Marla H. 0000-0002-5211-8444 mstuckey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5211-8444","contributorId":1734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckey","given":"Marla","email":"mstuckey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70203178,"text":"twri09A7.5 - 2008 - Chapter A7. Section 7.5. Cyanobacteria in lakes and reservoirs: Toxin And taste-and-odor sampling guidelines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-28T12:19:42","indexId":"twri09A7.5","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-25T11:01:29","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"09-A7.5","subchapterNumber":"Cyanobacteria in Lakes and Reservoirs: Toxin And Taste-and-Odor Sampling Guidelines","displayTitle":"Chapter A7. Section 7.5. Cyanobacteria in Lakes and Reservoirs: Toxin And Taste-and-Odor Sampling Guidelines","title":"Chapter A7. Section 7.5. Cyanobacteria in lakes and reservoirs: Toxin And taste-and-odor sampling guidelines","docAbstract":"Cyanobacteria (also referred to as blue-green algae) cause a multitude of water-quality concerns, including the potential to produce toxins and taste-and-odor compounds. Toxins and taste-and-odor compounds may cause significant economic and public health concerns, and are of particular interest in lakes, reservoirs, and rivers that are used for drinking-water supply, recreation, or aquaculture. The purpose of NFM 7.5 is to provide guidelines for collecting, processing, and handling samples to be analyzed for cyanobacterial community composition (enumeration and identification) and total, particulate, and dissolved cyanobacterial toxins and taste-and-odor compounds in lakes and reservoirs (sections 7.5.5 through 7.5.9). Sections 7.5.1 through 7.5.4, however, are designed to provide some background information about cyanobacteria, including typical study designs and objectives related to the spatial and temporal occurrence of cyanobacteria (modified from Graham and others, 2008), in order to provide a useful context for sampling activities. The information presented here pertains to the occurrence of planktonic (free-floating) cyanobacteria in lakes and reservoirs. Each chapter of the National Field Manual is published separately and revised periodically. Newly published and revised chapters will be announced on the USGS Home Page on the World Wide Web under 'New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey.'
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/twri09A7.5","usgsCitation":"Graham, J.L., Loftin, K., Ziegler, A.C., and Meyer, M.T., 2008, Chapter A7. Section 7.5. Cyanobacteria in lakes and reservoirs: Toxin And taste-and-odor sampling guidelines: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 09-A7.5, 61 p.; Related Work, https://doi.org/10.3133/twri09A7.5.","productDescription":"61 p.; Related Work","startPage":"1","endPage":"65","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":363208,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":363229,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm9A0","text":"Techniques and Methods 9-A0","linkHelpText":" - General Introduction for the “National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data”"},{"id":363222,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a7/twri9a7_7.5.pdf","text":"Report Chapter 7.5 - September 2008","description":"TWRI9A 7.5","linkHelpText":"- Cyanobacteria in Lakes and Resevoirs: Toxin and Taste-And-Odor Sampling Guidelines, Version 1.0"}],"contact":"Water Mission Area
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12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
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Email: nfm@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"This is the forty-fifth in a series of annual reports that describe ground-water conditions in Utah. Reports in this series, published cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources and Division of Water Rights, and the Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality, provide data to enable interested parties to maintain awareness of changing ground-water conditions.
This report, like the others in the series, contains information on well construction, ground-water withdrawal from wells, water-level changes, precipitation, streamflow, and chemical quality of water. Information on well construction included in this report refers only to wells constructed for new appropriations of ground water. Supplementary data are included in reports of this series only for those years or areas which are important to a discussion of changing ground-water conditions and for which applicable data are available.
This report includes individual discussions of selected significant areas of ground-water development in the State for calendar year 2007. Most of the reported data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources and Division of Water Rights, and the Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality. This report is available online at http://www.waterrights.utah.gov/techinfo/ and http://ut.water.usgs.gov/publications/GW2008.pdf.
","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources and Division of Water Rights; and Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality","usgsCitation":"Burden, C.B., Allen, D.V., Danner, M., Fisher, M.J., Freeman, M.L., Downhour, P., Wilkowske, C., Eacret, R.J., Enright, M., Swenson, R.L., Howells, J.H., and Christiansen, H.K., 2008, Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 2008: Cooperative Investigations Report 49, viii, 118 p.","productDescription":"viii, 118 p.","numberOfPages":"130","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science 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mjfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":4410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Martel","email":"mjfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":660063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Freeman, Michael L. mfreeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Michael","email":"mfreeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":660064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Downhour, Paul downhour@usgs.gov","contributorId":968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downhour","given":"Paul","email":"downhour@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":660065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wilkowske, 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waves in viscoelastic media provides theoreticalexpressions for the physical characteristics of the waves in elastic as well as anelastic media with arbitraryamounts of intrinsic damping. The general solution yields dispersion and absorption-coefficient curves for the waves as a function of frequency and theamount of intrinsic damping for any chosen viscoelastic model.Numerical results valid for a variety of viscoelastic models provide quantitative estimates of the physicalcharacteristics of the waves pertinent to models of Earth materials ranging from small amounts of damping in the Earth’s crust to moderate and large amounts of damping in soft soils and water-saturated sediments. Numerical results, presented herein, are valid for a wide range of solids and applications.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering","conferenceTitle":"The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering","conferenceDate":"October 12-17, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Beijing, China","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Borcherdt, R.D., 2008, Viscoelastic love-type surface waves, in The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China, October 12-17, 2008, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-007898","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310750,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"UNITED STATES","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56334347e4b048076347eef3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70120735,"text":"70120735 - 2008 - Sediment transport measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T17:16:00.548615","indexId":"70120735","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-15T16:18:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"110","chapter":"5","title":"Sediment transport measurements","docAbstract":"Sediment erosion, transport, and deposition in fluvial systems are complex processes that are treated in detail in other sections of this book. Development of methods suitable for the collection of data that contribute to understanding these processes is a still-evolving science. Sediment and ancillary data are fundamental requirements for the proper management of river systems, including the design of structures, the determination of aspects of stream behavior, ascertaining the probable effect of removing an existing structure, estimation of bulk erosion, transport, and sediment delivery to the oceans, ascertaining the long-term usefulness of reservoirs and other public works, tracking movement of solid-phase contaminants, restoration of degraded or otherwise modified streams, and assistance in the calibration and validation of numerical models.
This chapter presents techniques for measuring bed-material properties and suspended and bed-load discharges. Well-established and relatively recent, yet adequately tested, sampling equipment and methodologies, with designs that are guided by sound physical and statistical principles, are described. Where appropriate, the theory behind the development of the equipment and guidelines for its use are presented.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentation engineering: Processes, measurements, modeling, and practice","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/9780784408148.ch05","usgsCitation":"Diplas, P., Kuhnle, R., Gray, J., Glysson, D., and Edwards, T., 2008, Sediment transport measurements, chap. 5 of Sedimentation engineering: Processes, measurements, modeling, and practice, p. 307-353, https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784408148.ch05.","productDescription":"47 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"353","numberOfPages":"47","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292348,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef1ed8e4b0bfa1f993f015","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Garcia, Marcelo H.","contributorId":114196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Marcelo","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509946,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Diplas, P.","contributorId":108411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diplas","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuhnle, R.","contributorId":71897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuhnle","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, J.","contributorId":100683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glysson, D.","contributorId":98649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edwards, T.","contributorId":59743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70120727,"text":"70120727 - 2008 - Estimating sediment discharge: Appendix D","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-15T16:25:39","indexId":"70120727","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-15T16:07:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"110","title":"Estimating sediment discharge: Appendix D","docAbstract":"Sediment-discharge measurements usually are available on a discrete or periodic basis. However, estimates of sediment transport often are needed for unmeasured periods, such as when daily or annual sediment-discharge values are sought, or when estimates of transport rates for unmeasured or hypothetical flows are required. Selected methods for estimating suspended-sediment, bed-load, bed- material-load, and total-load discharges have been presented in some detail elsewhere in this volume. The purposes of this contribution are to present some limitations and potential pitfalls associated with obtaining and using the requisite data and equations to estimate sediment discharges and to provide guidance for selecting appropriate estimating equations.
Records of sediment discharge are derived from data collected with sufficient frequency to obtain reliable estimates for the computational interval and period. Most sediment- discharge records are computed at daily or annual intervals based on periodically collected data, although some partial records represent discrete or seasonal intervals such as those for flood periods. The method used to calculate sediment- discharge records is dependent on the types and frequency of available data. Records for suspended-sediment discharge computed by methods described by Porterfield (1972) are most prevalent, in part because measurement protocols and computational techniques are well established and because suspended sediment composes the bulk of sediment dis- charges for many rivers. Discharge records for bed load, total load, or in some cases bed-material load plus wash load are less common.
Reliable estimation of sediment discharges presupposes that the data on which the estimates are based are comparable and reliable. Unfortunately, data describing a selected characteristic of sediment were not necessarily derived—collected, processed, analyzed, or interpreted—in a consistent manner. For example, bed-load data collected with different types of bed-load samplers may not be comparable (Gray et al. 1991; Childers 1999; Edwards and Glysson 1999). The total suspended solids (TSS) analytical method tends to produce concentration data from open-channel flows that are biased low with respect to their paired suspended-sediment concentration values, particularly when sand-size material composes more than about a quarter of the material in suspension. Instantaneous sediment-discharge values based on TSS data may differ from the more reliable product of suspended- sediment concentration values and the same water-discharge data by an order of magnitude (Gray et al. 2000; Bent et al. 2001; Glysson et al. 2000; 2001). An assessment of data comparability and reliability is an important first step in the estimation of sediment discharges.
There are two approaches to obtaining values describing sediment loads in streams. One is based on direct measurement of the quantities of interest, and the other on relations developed between hydraulic parameters and sediment- transport potential. In the next sections, the most common techniques for both approaches are briefly addressed.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentation engineering: processes, measurements, modeling, and practice","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.R., and Simões, F., 2008, Estimating sediment discharge: Appendix D, chap. of Sedimentation engineering: processes, measurements, modeling, and practice, p. 1065-1086.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1065","endPage":"1086","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292344,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef1ecee4b0bfa1f993ef48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, John R. 0000-0002-8817-3701 jrgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-3701","contributorId":1158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jrgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simões, Francisco J. M.","contributorId":23855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simões","given":"Francisco J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047867,"text":"ds383C - 2008 - National Land Cover Database 2001 (NLCD01) Tile 3, Southwest United States: NLCD01_3","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-28T13:59:56","indexId":"ds383C","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-30T13:39:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"383","chapter":"C","title":"National Land Cover Database 2001 (NLCD01) Tile 3, Southwest United States: NLCD01_3","docAbstract":"This 30-meter data set represents land use and land cover for the conterminous United States for the 2001 time period. The data have been arranged into four tiles to facilitate timely display and manipulation within a Geographic Information System (see http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/browse/nlcd01-partition.jpg).The National Land Cover Data Set for 2001 was produced through a cooperative project conducted by the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium. The MRLC Consortium is a partnership of Federal agencies (http://www.mrlc.gov), consisting of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), the National Park Service (NPS), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). One of the primary goals of the project is to generate a current, consistent, seamless, and accurate National Land Cover Database (NLCD) circa 2001 for the United States at medium spatial resolution. For a detailed definition and discussion on MRLC and the NLCD 2001 products, refer to Homer and others (2004), (see: http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k.asp). The NLCD 2001 was created by partitioning the United States into mapping zones. A total of 68 mapping zones (see http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/browse/nlcd01-mappingzones.jpg), were delineated within the conterminous United States based on ecoregion and geographical characteristics, edge-matching features, and the size requirement of Landsat mosaics. Mapping zones encompass the whole or parts of several states. Questions about the NLCD mapping zones can be directed to the NLCD 2001 Land Cover Mapping Team at the USGS/EROS, Sioux Falls, SD (605) 594-6151 or mrlc@usgs.gov.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds383C","usgsCitation":"LaMotte, A., 2008, National Land Cover Database 2001 (NLCD01) Tile 3, Southwest United States: NLCD01_3: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 383, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds383C.","productDescription":"Dataset","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277112,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277111,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/nlcd01_3.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.305923,22.736542 ], [ -123.305923,39.874012 ], [ -97.818040,39.874012 ], [ -97.818040,22.736542 ], [ -123.305923,22.736542 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521f1beae4b0f8bf2b07614c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaMotte, Andrew","contributorId":70006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaMotte","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70045919,"text":"70045919 - 2008 - Mineral resource of the month: antimony","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-08T20:05:55","indexId":"70045919","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1419,"text":"Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: antimony","docAbstract":"The article describes the characteristics and industrial uses of antimony. Antimony, which is produced as a byproduct of mining other metals such as gold, lead or silver, is used in everything from flame retardants, batteries, ceramics and glass. It is also used in glass for television picture tubes, computer monitors, pigments and catalysts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGI","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Mineral resource of the month: antimony: Earth, v. 53, no. 9, p. 29-29.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"29","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272102,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518b73e6e4b0037667dbc80a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70044188,"text":"70044188 - 2008 - Framework for Understanding Structural Errors (FUSE): A modular framework to diagnose differences between hydrological models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T16:40:30","indexId":"70044188","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Framework for Understanding Structural Errors (FUSE): A modular framework to diagnose differences between hydrological models","docAbstract":"The problems of identifying the most appropriate model structure for a given problem and quantifying the uncertainty in model structure remain outstanding research challenges for the discipline of hydrology. Progress on these problems requires understanding of the nature of differences between models. This paper presents a methodology to diagnose differences in hydrological model structures: the Framework for Understanding Structural Errors (FUSE). FUSE was used to construct 79 unique model structures by combining components of 4 existing hydrological models. These new models were used to simulate streamflow in two of the basins used in the Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX): the Guadalupe River (Texas) and the French Broad River (North Carolina). Results show that the new models produced simulations of streamflow that were at least as good as the simulations produced by the models that participated in the MOPEX experiment. Our initial application of the FUSE method for the Guadalupe River exposed relationships between model structure and model performance, suggesting that the choice of model structure is just as important as the choice of model parameters. However, further work is needed to evaluate model simulations using multiple criteria to diagnose the relative importance of model structural differences in various climate regimes and to assess the amount of independent information in each of the models. This work will be crucial to both identifying the most appropriate model structure for a given problem and quantifying the uncertainty in model structure. To facilitate research on these problems, the FORTRAN‐90 source code for FUSE is available upon request from the lead author.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006735","usgsCitation":"Clark, M., Slater, A.G., Rupp, D.E., Woods, R.A., Vrugt, J.A., Gupta, H.V., Wagener, T., and Hay, L.E., 2008, Framework for Understanding Structural Errors (FUSE): A modular framework to diagnose differences between hydrological models: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 12, Article W00B02; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006735.","productDescription":"Article W00B02; 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-005159","costCenters":[{"id":435,"text":"National Research Program - Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006735","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":272810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a08be1e4b0e42455806576","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Martyn P.","contributorId":21445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Martyn P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slater, Andrew G.","contributorId":72689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rupp, David E.","contributorId":54097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupp","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woods, Ross A.","contributorId":7162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vrugt, Jasper A.","contributorId":45611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vrugt","given":"Jasper","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gupta, Hoshin V.","contributorId":7597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gupta","given":"Hoshin","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wagener, Thorsten","contributorId":22658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagener","given":"Thorsten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ]}