{"pageNumber":"871","pageRowStart":"21750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70036402,"text":"70036402 - 2009 - A proposed origin for fossilized Pennsylvanian plant cuticles by pyrite oxidation (Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:02","indexId":"70036402","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1104,"text":"Bulletin of Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A proposed origin for fossilized Pennsylvanian plant cuticles by pyrite oxidation (Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada)","docAbstract":"Fossilized cuticles, though rare in the roof rocks of coal seam in the younger part of the Pennsylvanian Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, represent nearly all of the major plant groups. Selected for investigation, by methods of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and elemental analysis, are fossilized cuticles (FCs) and cuticles extracted from compressions by Schulze's process (CCs) of Alethopteris ambigua. These investigations are supplemented by FTIR analysis of FCs and CCs of Cordaites principalis, and a cuticle-fossilized medullosalean(?) axis. The purpose of this study is threefold: (1) to try to determine biochemical discriminators between FCs and CCs of the same species using semi-quantitative FTIR techniques; (2) to assess the effects chemical treatments have, particularly Schulze's process, on functional groups; and most importantly (3) to study the primary origin of FCs. Results are equivocal in respect to (1); (2) after Schulze's treatment aliphatic moieties tend to be reduced relative to oxygenated groups, and some aliphatic chains may be shortened; and (3) a primary chemical model is proposed. The model is based on a variety of geological observations, including stratal distribution, clay and pyrite mineralogies associated with FCs and compressions, and regional geological structure. The model presupposes compression-cuticle fossilization under anoxic conditions for late authigenic deposition of sub-micron-sized pyrite on the compressions. Rock joints subsequently provided conduits for oxygen-enriched ground-water circulation to initiate in situ pyritic oxidation that produced sulfuric acid for macerating compressions, with resultant loss of vitrinite, but with preservation of cuticles as FCs. The timing of the process remains undetermined, though it is assumed to be late to post-diagenetic. Although FCs represent a pathway of organic matter transformation (pomd) distinct from other plant-fossilization processes, global applicability of the chemical models remains to be tested. CCs and FCs are inferred endpoints on a spectrum of pomd which complicates assessing origin of in-between transformations (partially macerated cuticles). FCs index highly acidic levels that existed locally in the roof rocks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3140/bull.geosci.1094","issn":"12141119","usgsCitation":"Zodrow, E., and Mastalerz, M., 2009, A proposed origin for fossilized Pennsylvanian plant cuticles by pyrite oxidation (Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada): Bulletin of Geosciences, v. 84, no. 2, p. 227-240, https://doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1094.","startPage":"227","endPage":"240","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488023,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1094","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":218556,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1094"},{"id":246578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e517e4b0c8380cd46b0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zodrow, E.L.","contributorId":99328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zodrow","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034953,"text":"70034953 - 2009 - Climatic implications of reconstructed early - Mid Pliocene equilibrium-line altitudes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034953","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":794,"text":"Annals of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic implications of reconstructed early - Mid Pliocene equilibrium-line altitudes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica","docAbstract":"Early-mid Pliocene moraines in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, are more extensive than the present alpine glaciers in this region, indicating substantial climatic differences between the early-mid Pliocene and the present. To quantify this difference in the glacier-climate regime, we estimated the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) change since the early-mid Pliocene by calculating the modern ELA and reconstructing the ELAs of four alpine glaciers in Wright and Taylor Valleys at their early-mid Pliocene maxima. The area-altitude balance ratio method was used on modern and reconstructed early-mid Pliocene hypsometry. In Wright and Victoria Valleys, mass-balance data identify present-day ELAs of 800-1600 m a.s.l. and an average balance ratio of 1.1. The estimated ELAs of the much larger early-mid Pliocene glaciers in Wright and Taylor Valleys range from 600 to 950 ?? 170 m a.s.l., and thus are 250-600 ??170 m lower than modern ELAs in these valleys. The depressed ELAs during the early-mid-Pliocene most likely indicate a wetter and therefore warmer climate in the Dry Valleys during this period than previous studies have recognized.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annals of Glaciology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3189/172756409787769564","issn":"02603055","usgsCitation":"Krusic, A., Prentice, M., and Licciardi, J., 2009, Climatic implications of reconstructed early - Mid Pliocene equilibrium-line altitudes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: Annals of Glaciology, v. 50, no. 50, p. 31-36, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756409787769564.","startPage":"31","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476339,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756409787769564","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215795,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756409787769564"},{"id":243621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"50","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f667e4b0c8380cd4c742","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krusic, A.G.","contributorId":105936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krusic","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prentice, M.L.","contributorId":81227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Licciardi, J. M.","contributorId":104721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Licciardi","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034886,"text":"70034886 - 2009 - Body size and predatory performance in wolves: Is bigger better?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T13:34:10","indexId":"70034886","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Body size and predatory performance in wolves: Is bigger better?","docAbstract":"Large body size hinders locomotor performance in ways that may lead to trade-offs in predator foraging ability that limit the net predatory benefit of larger size. For example, size-related improvements in handling prey may come at the expense of pursuing prey and thus negate any enhancement in overall predatory performance due to increasing size. 2. This hypothesis was tested with longitudinal data from repeated observations of 94 individually known wolves (Canis lupus) hunting elk (Cervus elaphus) in Yellowstone National Park, USA. Wolf size was estimated from an individually based sex-specific growth model derived from body mass measurements of 304 wolves. 3. Larger size granted individual wolves a net predatory advantage despite substantial variation in its effect on the performance of different predatory tasks; larger size improved performance of a strength-related task (grappling and subduing elk) but failed to improve performance of a locomotor-related task (selecting an elk from a group) for wolves > 39 kg. 4. Sexual dimorphism in wolf size also explained why males outperformed females in each of the three tasks considered (attacking, selecting, and killing). 5. These findings support the generalization that bigger predators are overall better hunters, but they also indicate that increasing size ultimately limits elements of predatory behaviour that require superior locomotor performance. We argue that this could potentially narrow the dietary niche of larger carnivores as well as limit the evolution of larger size if prey are substantially more difficult to pursue than to handle. ?? 2009 British Ecological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Animal Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01517.x","issn":"00218790","usgsCitation":"MacNulty, D., Smith, D., Mech, L., and Eberly, L., 2009, Body size and predatory performance in wolves: Is bigger better?: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 78, no. 3, p. 532-539, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01517.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"532","endPage":"539","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476349,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01517.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215763,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01517.x"}],"volume":"78","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1f7e4b0c8380cd4af18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacNulty, D.R.","contributorId":7661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacNulty","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D.W.","contributorId":24726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eberly, L.E.","contributorId":75774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberly","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035630,"text":"70035630 - 2009 - Submarine landslides of the Southern California Borderland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035630","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine landslides of the Southern California Borderland","docAbstract":"Conventional bathymetry, sidescan-sonar and seismic-reflection data, and recent, multibeam surveys of large parts of the Southern California Borderland disclose the presence of numerous submarine landslides. Most of these features are fairly small, with lateral dimensions less than ??2 km. In areas where multibeam surveys are available, only two large landslide complexes were identified on the mainland slope- Goleta slide in Santa Barbara Channel and Palos Verdes debris avalanche on the San Pedro Escarpment south of Palos Verdes Peninsula. Both of these complexes indicate repeated recurrences of catastrophic slope failure. Recurrence intervals are not well constrained but appear to be in the range of 7500 years for the Goleta slide. The most recent major activity of the Palos Verdes debris avalanche occurred roughly 7500 years ago. A small failure deposit in Santa Barbara Channel, the Gaviota mudflow, was perhaps caused by an 1812 earthquake. Most landslides in this region are probably triggered by earthquakes, although the larger failures were likely conditioned by other factors, such as oversteepening, development of shelf-edge deltas, and high fluid pressures. If a subsequent future landslide were to occur in the area of these large landslide complexes, a tsunami would probably result. Runup distances of 10 m over a 30-km-long stretch of the Santa Barbara coastline are predicted for a recurrence of the Goleta slide, and a runup of 3 m over a comparable stretch of the Los Angeles coastline is modeled for the Palos Verdes debris avalanche. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2454(4.3)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Lee, H., Greene, H., Edwards, B.D., Fisher, M.A., and Normark, W.R., 2009, Submarine landslides of the Southern California Borderland: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 454, p. 251-269, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(4.3).","startPage":"251","endPage":"269","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216187,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(4.3)"},{"id":244040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"454","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d2de4b08c986b31d6b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, H.J.","contributorId":96693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":38958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"H. Gary","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":451554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, B. D.","contributorId":27056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036661,"text":"70036661 - 2009 - Modeled ground water age distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-08T09:42:41","indexId":"70036661","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeled ground water age distributions","docAbstract":"The age of ground water in any given sample is a distributed quantity representing distributed provenance (in space and time) of the water. Conventional analysis of tracers such as unstable isotopes or anthropogenic chemical species gives discrete or binary measures of the presence of water of a given age. Modeled ground water age distributions provide a continuous measure of contributions from different recharge sources to aquifers. A numerical solution of the ground water age equation of Ginn (1999) was tested both on a hypothetical simplified one-dimensional flow system and under real world conditions. Results from these simulations yield the first continuous distributions of ground water age using this model. Complete age distributions as a function of one and two space dimensions were obtained from both numerical experiments. Simulations in the test problem produced mean ages that were consistent with the expected value at the end of the model domain for all dispersivity values tested, although the mean ages for the two highest dispersivity values deviated slightly from the expected value. Mean ages in the dispersionless case also were consistent with the expected mean ages throughout the physical model domain. Simulations under real world conditions for three dispersivity values resulted in decreasing mean age with increasing dispersivity. This likely is a consequence of an edge effect. However, simulations for all three dispersivity values tested were mass balanced and stable demonstrating that the solution of the ground water age equation can provide estimates of water mass density distributions over age under real world conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00550.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Woolfenden, L.R., and Ginn, T.R., 2009, Modeled ground water age distributions: Ground Water, v. 47, no. 4, p. 547-557, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00550.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"547","endPage":"557","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217447,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00550.x"}],"volume":"47","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bbce4b0c8380cd6f788","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woolfenden, Linda R. 0000-0003-3500-4709 lrwoolfe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3500-4709","contributorId":1476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woolfenden","given":"Linda","email":"lrwoolfe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ginn, Timothy R.","contributorId":74988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginn","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035631,"text":"70035631 - 2009 - Habitat-specific breeder survival of Florida Scrub-Jays: Inferences from multistate models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035631","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat-specific breeder survival of Florida Scrub-Jays: Inferences from multistate models","docAbstract":"Quantifying habitat-specific survival and changes in habitat quality within disturbance-prone habitats is critical for understanding population dynamics and variation in fitness, and for managing degraded ecosystems. We used 18 years of color-banding data and multistate capture-recapture models to test whether habitat quality within territories influences survival and detection probability of breeding Florida Scrub-Jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) and to estimate bird transition probabilities from one territory quality state to another. Our study sites were along central Florida's Atlantic coast and included two of the four largest metapopulations within the species range. We developed Markov models for habitat transitions and compared these to bird transition probabilities. Florida Scrub-Jay detection probabilities ranged from 0.88 in the tall territory state to 0.99 in the optimal state; detection probabilities were intermediate in the short state. Transition probabilities were similar for birds and habitat in grid cells mapped independently of birds. Thus, bird transitions resulted primarily from habitat transitions between states over time and not from bird movement. Survival ranged from 0.71 in the short state to 0.82 in the optimal state, with tall states being intermediate. We conclude that average Florida Scrub-Jay survival will remain at levels that lead to continued population declines because most current habitat quality is only marginally suitable across most of the species range. Improvements in habitat are likely to be slow and difficult because tall states are resistant to change and the optimal state represents an intermediate transitional stage. The multistate modeling approach to quantifying survival and habitat transition probabilities is useful for quantifying habitat transition probabilities and comparing them to bird transition probabilities to test for habitat selection in dynamic environments. ?? 2009 by the Ecological society ot America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/08-1123.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Breininger, D., Nichols, J., Carter, G., and Oddy, D., 2009, Habitat-specific breeder survival of Florida Scrub-Jays: Inferences from multistate models: Ecology, v. 90, no. 11, p. 3180-3189, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1123.1.","startPage":"3180","endPage":"3189","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":501653,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/facultybib2000/7048","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216188,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-1123.1"},{"id":244041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f4ce4b0c8380cd5cc75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breininger, D.R.","contributorId":62856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breininger","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, G.M.","contributorId":54429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oddy, D.M.","contributorId":30845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oddy","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032274,"text":"70032274 - 2009 - Instability of seawater pH in the South China Sea during the mid-late Holocene: Evidence from boron isotopic composition of corals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70032274","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Instability of seawater pH in the South China Sea during the mid-late Holocene: Evidence from boron isotopic composition of corals","docAbstract":"We used positive thermal ionization mass spectrometry (PTIMS) to generate high precision ??11B records in Porites corals of the mid-late Holocene from the South China Sea (SCS). The ??11B values of the Holocene corals vary significantly, ranging from 22.2??? to 25.5???. The paleo-pH records of the SCS, reconstructed from the ??11B data, were not stable as previously thought but show a gradual increase from the Holocene thermal optimal and a sharp decrease to modern values. The latter is likely caused by the large amount of anthropogenic CO2 emissions since the Industrial Revolution but variations of atmospheric pCO2 cannot explain the pH change of the SCS before the Industrial Revolution. We suggest that variations of monsoon intensity during the mid-late Holocene may have driven the sea surface pH increase from the mid to late Holocene. Results of this study indicate that the impact of anthropogenic atmospheric CO2 emissions may have reversed the natural pH trend in the SCS since the mid-Holocene. Such ocean pH records in the current interglacial period can help us better understand the physical and biological controls on ocean pH and possibly predict the long-term impact of climate change on future ocean acidification. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2008.11.034","issn":"00167","usgsCitation":"Liu, Y., Liu, W., Peng, Z., Xiao, Y., Wei, G., Sun, W., He, J., Liu, G., and Chou, C.L., 2009, Instability of seawater pH in the South China Sea during the mid-late Holocene: Evidence from boron isotopic composition of corals: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 73, no. 5, p. 1264-1272, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.11.034.","startPage":"1264","endPage":"1272","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215071,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.11.034"},{"id":242841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c25e4b0c8380cd62aea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Yajing","contributorId":16553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Yajing","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, W.","contributorId":79250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peng, Z.","contributorId":95598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xiao, Y.","contributorId":71406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiao","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wei, G.","contributorId":105415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sun, W.","contributorId":69692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"He, J.","contributorId":95993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Chou, C. L.","contributorId":32655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70035903,"text":"70035903 - 2009 - Modeling haul-out behavior of walruses in Bering Sea ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-12T12:36:42.224176","indexId":"70035903","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling haul-out behavior of walruses in Bering Sea ice","docAbstract":"Understanding haul-out behavior of ice-associated pinnipeds is essential for designing and interpreting popula-tion surveys and for assessing effects of potential changes in their ice environments. We used satellite-linked transmitters to obtain sequential information about location and haul-out state for Pacific walruses, Odobenus rosmarus divergens (Il-liger, 1815), in the Bering Sea during April of 2004, 2005, and 2006. We used these data in a generalized mixed model of haul-out bout durations and a hierarchical Bayesian model of haul-out probabilities to assess factors related to walrus haul-out behavior, and provide the first predictive model of walrus haul-out behavior in sea ice habitat. Average haul-out bout duration was 9 h, but durations of haul-out bouts tended to increase with durations of preceding in-water bouts. On aver-age, tagged walruses spent only about 17% of their time hauled out on sea ice. Probability of being hauled out decreased with wind speed, increased with temperature, and followed a diurnal cycle with the highest values in the evening. Our haul-out probability model can be used to estimate the proportion of the population that is unavailable for detection in spring surveys of Pacific walruses on sea ice.","language":"English","publisher":"Candadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/Z09-098","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"Udevitz, M.S., Jay, C.V., Fischbach, A., and Garlich-Miller, J., 2009, Modeling haul-out behavior of walruses in Bering Sea ice: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 87, no. 12, p. 1111-1128, https://doi.org/10.1139/Z09-098.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1111","endPage":"1128","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bfde4b0c8380cd6f964","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jay, Chadwick V. 0000-0002-9559-2189 cjay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":192736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"Chadwick","email":"cjay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fischbach, Anthony S. 0000-0002-6555-865X afischbach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6555-865X","contributorId":200780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischbach","given":"Anthony S.","email":"afischbach@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garlich-Miller, J. L.","contributorId":85419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garlich-Miller","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036564,"text":"70036564 - 2009 - Laboratory and field testing of commercial rotational seismometers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036564","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laboratory and field testing of commercial rotational seismometers","docAbstract":"There are a small number of commercially available sensors to measure rotational motion in the frequency and amplitude ranges appropriate for earthquake motions on the ground and in structures. However, the performance of these rotational seismometers has not been rigorously and independently tested and characterized for earthquake monitoring purposes as is done for translational strong- and weak-motion seismometers. Quantities such as sensitivity, frequency response, resolution, and linearity are needed for the understanding of recorded rotational data. To address this need, we, with assistance from colleagues in the United States and Taiwan, have been developing performance test methodologies and equipment for rotational seismometers. In this article the performance testing methodologies are applied to samples of a commonly used commercial rotational seismometer, the eentec model R-1. Several examples were obtained for various test sequences in 2006, 2007, and 2008. Performance testing of these sensors consisted of measuring: (1) sensitivity and frequency response; (2) clip level; (3) self noise and resolution; and (4) cross-axis sensitivity, both rotational and translational. These sensor-specific results will assist in understanding the performance envelope of the R-1 rotational seismometer, and the test methodologies can be applied to other rotational seismometers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120080247","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Nigbor, R., Evans, J., and Hutt, C., 2009, Laboratory and field testing of commercial rotational seismometers: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 2 B, p. 1215-1227, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080247.","startPage":"1215","endPage":"1227","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217871,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080247"},{"id":245844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"2 B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4101e4b0c8380cd65212","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nigbor, R.L.","contributorId":30699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nigbor","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, J.R.","contributorId":50526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutt, C. R. 0000-0001-9033-9195","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9195","contributorId":61910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034856,"text":"70034856 - 2009 - Impacts of episodic acidification on in-stream survival and physiological impairment of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T15:27:28","indexId":"70034856","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of episodic acidification on in-stream survival and physiological impairment of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts","docAbstract":"We conducted field studies to determine the levels of acid and aluminum (Al) that affect survival, smolt development, ion homeostasis, and stress in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in restoration streams of the Connecticut River in southern Vermont, USA. Fish were held in cages in five streams encompassing a wide range of acid and Al levels for two 6-day intervals during the peak of smolt development in late April and early May. Physiological parameters were unchanged from initial sampling at the hatchery and the high water quality reference site (pH &gt; 7.0, inorganic Al &lt; 12 μg·L<sup>-1</sup>). Mortality, substantial loss of plasma chloride, and gill Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity, and elevated gill Al occurred at sites with the lowest pH (5.4-5.6) and highest inorganic Al (50-80 μg·L<sup>-1</sup>). Moderate loss of plasma chloride, increased plasma cortisol and glucose, and moderately elevated gill Al occurred at less severely impacted sites. Gill Al was a better predictor of integrated physiological impacts than water chemistry alone. The results indicate that Al and low pH under field conditions in some New England streams can cause mortality and impair smolt development in juvenile Atlantic salmon and provide direct evidence that episodic acidification is impacting conservation and recovery of Atlantic salmon in the northeastern USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/F09-002","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"McCormick, S., Keyes, A., Nislow, K., and Monette, M., 2009, Impacts of episodic acidification on in-stream survival and physiological impairment of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 66, no. 3, p. 394-403, https://doi.org/10.1139/F09-002.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"394","endPage":"403","costCenters":[{"id":197,"text":"Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215733,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F09-002"},{"id":243556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38e9e4b0c8380cd61726","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keyes, A.","contributorId":92510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keyes","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nislow, K.H.","contributorId":66477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nislow","given":"K.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monette, M.Y.","contributorId":77646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monette","given":"M.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036854,"text":"70036854 - 2009 - Advancing techniques to constrain the geometry of the seismic rupture plane on subduction interfaces a priori: Higher-order functional fits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:59","indexId":"70036854","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Advancing techniques to constrain the geometry of the seismic rupture plane on subduction interfaces a priori: Higher-order functional fits","docAbstract":"Ongoing developments in earthquake source inversions incorporate nonplanar fault geometries as inputs to the inversion process, improving previous approaches that relied solely on planar fault surfaces. This evolution motivates advancing the existing framework for constraining fault geometry, particularly in subduction zones where plate boundary surfaces that host highly hazardous earthquakes are clearly nonplanar. Here, we improve upon the existing framework for the constraint of the seismic rupture plane of subduction interfaces by incorporating active seismic and seafloor sediment thickness data with existing independent data sets and inverting for the most probable nonplanar subduction geometry. Constraining the rupture interface a priori with independent geological and seismological information reduces the uncertainty in the derived earthquake source inversion parameters over models that rely on simpler assumptions, such as the moment tensor inferred fault plane. Examples are shown for a number of wellconstrained global locations. We expand the coverage of previous analyses to a more uniform global data set and show that even in areas of sparse data this approach is able to accurately constrain the approximate subduction geometry, particularly when aided with the addition of data from local active seismic surveys. In addition, we show an example of the integration of many two-dimensional profiles into a threedimensional surface for the Sunda subduction zone and introduce the development of a new global threedimensional subduction interface model: Slab1.0. ?? 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2009GC002633","issn":"15252027","usgsCitation":"Hayes, G., Wald, D., and Keranen, K., 2009, Advancing techniques to constrain the geometry of the seismic rupture plane on subduction interfaces a priori: Higher-order functional fits: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 10, no. 9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002633.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217574,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002633"}],"volume":"10","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e709e4b0c8380cd477e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, G.P.","contributorId":75764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, D.J. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":43809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keranen, K.","contributorId":30484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keranen","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034324,"text":"70034324 - 2009 - Estimating nitrogen loading to ground water and assessing vulnerability to nitrate contamination in a large karstic springs Basin, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034324","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating nitrogen loading to ground water and assessing vulnerability to nitrate contamination in a large karstic springs Basin, Florida","docAbstract":"A nitrogen (N) mass-balance budget was developed to assess the sources of N affecting increasing ground-water nitrate concentrations in the 960-km 2 karstic Ichetucknee Springs basin. This budget included direct measurements of N species in rainfall, ground water, and spring waters, along with estimates of N loading from fertilizers, septic tanks, animal wastes, and the land application of treated municipal wastewater and residual solids. Based on a range of N leaching estimates, N loads to ground water ranged from 262,000 to 1.3 million kg/year; and were similar to N export from the basin in spring waters (266,000 kg/year) when 80-90% N losses were assumed. Fertilizers applied to cropland, lawns, and pine stands contributed about 51% of the estimated total annual N load to ground water in the basin. Other sources contributed the following percentages of total N load to ground water: animal wastes, 27%; septic tanks, 12%; atmospheric deposition, 8%; and the land application of treated wastewater and biosolids, 2%. Due to below normal rainfall (97.3 cm) during the 12-month rainfall collection period, N inputs from rainfall likely were about 30% lower than estimates for normal annual rainfall (136 cm). Low N-isotope values for six spring waters (??15N-NO3 = 3.3 to 6.3???) and elevated potassium concentrations in ground water and spring waters were consistent with the large N contribution from fertilizers. Given ground-water residence times on the order of decades for spring waters, possible sinks for excess N inputs to the basin include N storage in the unsaturated zone and parts of the aquifer with relatively sluggish ground-water movement and denitrification. A geographical-based model of spatial loading from fertilizers indicated that areas most vulnerable to nitrate contamination were located in closed depressions containing sinkholes and other dissolution features in the southern half of the basin. ?? 2009 American Water Resources Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00309.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Katz, B., Sepulveda, A., and Verdi, R., 2009, Estimating nitrogen loading to ground water and assessing vulnerability to nitrate contamination in a large karstic springs Basin, Florida: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 45, no. 3, p. 607-627, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00309.x.","startPage":"607","endPage":"627","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216794,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00309.x"},{"id":244686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b32e4b0c8380cd525fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sepulveda, A.A.","contributorId":27912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verdi, R.J.","contributorId":33144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdi","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034887,"text":"70034887 - 2009 - Models of pure CO<sub>2</sub> and pure CH<sub>4</sub> adsorption on the late paleozoic coals from the Kailuan Coalfield, Hebei, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034887","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":634,"text":"Acta Geologica Sinica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Models of pure CO<sub>2</sub> and pure CH<sub>4</sub> adsorption on the late paleozoic coals from the Kailuan Coalfield, Hebei, China","docAbstract":"Isothermal adsorption experiments of pure CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> on different coals in rank (the No. 11 Coal from the Linnancang Mine and the No. 9 Coal from the Majiagou Mine) from the Kailuan Coalfield of Hebei Province, China, have been studied. Four different models (Langmuir, BET, D-R, and D-A) were used to fit the experimental data of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> adsorption and their fitting degree were investigated. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of the Majiagou coal(R<sub>o, ran</sub> = 1. 21%) is higher than that of the Linnancang coal (R<sub>o, ran</sub> = 0. 58%). The adsorption capacity of CO<sub>2</sub> is higher than that of CH<sub>4</sub> on the same coal under the same pressure. The adsorption isotherms of pure CO <sub>2</sub> and pure CH<sub>4</sub> on the Majiagou coal can be classified as Type I and their fitting errors of curves are very weak; thus the experimental data can be presented using the Langmuir isotherm. However, the adsorption of Linnancang coal is more complicated, and can be presented using D-A model because of its minimum error. Monolayer adsorption occurs during the adsorption of pure CO<sub>2</sub> and pure CH<sub>4</sub> on the No. 11 Coal and that of pure CH<sub>4</sub> on the No. 9 Coal.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Geologica Sinica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Chinese","issn":"00015717","usgsCitation":"Dai, S., Zhang, B., Peng, S., Zhang, X., and Chou, C., 2009, Models of pure CO<sub>2</sub> and pure CH<sub>4</sub> adsorption on the late paleozoic coals from the Kailuan Coalfield, Hebei, China: Acta Geologica Sinica, v. 83, no. 5, p. 731-737.","startPage":"731","endPage":"737","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c80e4b0c8380cd6fd4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dai, S.","contributorId":9757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dai","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, B.","contributorId":62854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peng, S.","contributorId":68688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhang, X.","contributorId":30193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chou, C.","contributorId":66056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032273,"text":"70032273 - 2009 - The Drenchwater deposit, Alaska: An example of a natural low pH environment resulting from weathering of an undisturbed shale-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70032273","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Drenchwater deposit, Alaska: An example of a natural low pH environment resulting from weathering of an undisturbed shale-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposit","docAbstract":"The Drenchwater shale-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposit and the immediate vicinity, on the northern flank of the Brooks Range in north-central Alaska, is an ideal example of a naturally low pH system. The two drainages, Drenchwater and False Wager Creeks, which bound the deposit, differ in their acidity and metal contents. Moderately acidic waters with elevated concentrations of metals (pH ??? 4.3, Zn ??? 1400 ??g/L) in the Drenchwater Creek drainage basin are attributed to weathering of an exposed base-metal-rich massive sulfide occurrence. Stream sediment and water chemistry data collected from False Wager Creek suggest that an unexposed base-metal sulfide occurrence may account for the lower pH (2.7-3.1) and very metal-rich waters (up to 2600 ??g/L Zn, ??? 260 ??g/L Cu and ???89 ??g/L Tl) collected at least 2 km upstream of known mineralized exposures. These more acidic conditions produce jarosite, schwertmannite and Fe-hydroxides commonly associated with acid-mine drainage. The high metal concentrations in some water samples from both streams naturally exceed Alaska state regulatory limits for freshwater aquatic life, affirming the importance of establishing base-line conditions in the event of human land development. The studies at the Drenchwater deposit demonstrate that poor water quality can be generated through entirely natural weathering of base-metal occurrences, and, possibly unmineralized black shale.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.016","issn":"08832","usgsCitation":"Graham, G., and Kelley, K., 2009, The Drenchwater deposit, Alaska: An example of a natural low pH environment resulting from weathering of an undisturbed shale-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposit: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 2, p. 232-245, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.016.","startPage":"232","endPage":"245","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215039,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.016"},{"id":242808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba70ae4b08c986b32132f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, G.E.","contributorId":6680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, K.D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":75157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032310,"text":"70032310 - 2009 - The use of local indicators of spatial association to improve LiDAR-derived predictions of potential amphibian breeding ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70032310","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2305,"text":"Journal of Geographical Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of local indicators of spatial association to improve LiDAR-derived predictions of potential amphibian breeding ponds","docAbstract":"We examined whether spatially explicit information improved models that use LiDAR return signal intensity to discriminate in-pond habitat from terrestrial habitat at 24 amphibian breeding ponds. The addition of Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) to LiDAR return intensity data significantly improved predictive models at all ponds, reduced residual error by as much as 74%, and appeared to improve models by reducing classification errors associated with types of in-pond vegetation. We conclude that LISA statistics can help maximize the information content that can be extracted from time resolved LiDAR return data in models that predict the occurrence of small, seasonal ponds. ?? Springer-Verlag 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geographical Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10109-008-0074-4","issn":"14355","usgsCitation":"Julian, J., Young, J., Jones, J.W., Snyder, C., and Wright, C.W., 2009, The use of local indicators of spatial association to improve LiDAR-derived predictions of potential amphibian breeding ponds: Journal of Geographical Systems, v. 11, no. 1, p. 89-106, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-008-0074-4.","startPage":"89","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214636,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10109-008-0074-4"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb18be4b08c986b32532d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Julian, J.T.","contributorId":106686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, J.A. 0000-0002-4500-3673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":37674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, J. W.","contributorId":89233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snyder, C.D.","contributorId":73540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, C. W. wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":49758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035097,"text":"70035097 - 2009 - Characteristics of organic soil in black spruce forests: Implications for the application of land surface and ecosystem models in cold regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035097","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics of organic soil in black spruce forests: Implications for the application of land surface and ecosystem models in cold regions","docAbstract":"Soil organic layers (OL) play an important role in landatmosphere exchanges of water, energy and carbon in cold environments. The proper implementation of OL in land surface and ecosystem models is important for predicting dynamic responses to climate warming. Based on the analysis of OL samples of black spruce (Picea mariana), we recommend that implementation of OL for cold regions modeling: (1) use three general organic horizon types (live, fibrous, and amorphous) to represent vertical soil heterogeneity; (2) implement dynamics of OL over the course of disturbance, as there are significant differences of OL thickness between young and mature stands; and (3) use two broad drainage classes to characterize spatial heterogeneity, as there are significant differences in OL thickness between dry and wet sites. Implementation of these suggestions into models has the potential to substantially improve how OL dynamics influence variability in surface temperature and soil moisture in cold regions. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophys.ical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008GL037014","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Yi, S., Manies, K., Harden, J., and McGuire, A., 2009, Characteristics of organic soil in black spruce forests: Implications for the application of land surface and ecosystem models in cold regions: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 36, no. 5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL037014.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476377,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gl037014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215115,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GL037014"}],"volume":"36","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f49ce4b0c8380cd4bdff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yi, S.","contributorId":33936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yi","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":449294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manies, K.","contributorId":41233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harden, J.","contributorId":43918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032629,"text":"70032629 - 2009 - Characterization of the interferon genes in homozygous rainbow trout reveals two novel genes, alternate splicing and differential regulation of duplicated genes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-28T12:34:10","indexId":"70032629","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1653,"text":"Fish and Shellfish Immunology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of the interferon genes in homozygous rainbow trout reveals two novel genes, alternate splicing and differential regulation of duplicated genes","docAbstract":"The genes encoding the type I and type II interferons (IFNs) have previously been identified in rainbow trout and their proteins partially characterized. These previous studies reported a single type II IFN (rtIFN-??) and three rainbow trout type I IFN genes that are classified into either group I (rtIFN1, rtIFN2) or group II (rtIFN3). In this present study, we report the identification of a novel IFN-?? gene (rtIFN-??2) and a novel type I group II IFN (rtIFN4) in homozygous rainbow trout and predict that additional IFN genes or pseudogenes exist in the rainbow trout genome. Additionally, we provide evidence that short and long forms of rtIFN1 are actively and differentially transcribed in homozygous trout, and likely arose due to alternate splicing of the first exon. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) assays were developed to systematically profile all of the rainbow trout IFN transcripts, with high specificity at an individual gene level, in na??ve fish and after stimulation with virus or viral-related molecules. Cloned PCR products were used to ensure the specificity of the qRT-PCR assays and as absolute standards to assess transcript abundance of each gene. All IFN genes were modulated in response to Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), a DNA vaccine based on the IHNV glycoprotein, and poly I:C. The most inducible of the type I IFN genes, by all stimuli tested, were rtIFN3 and the short transcript form of rtIFN1. Gene expression of rtIFN-??1 and rtIFN-??2 was highly up-regulated by IHNV infection and DNA vaccination but rtIFN-??2 was induced to a greater magnitude. The specificity of the qRT-PCR assays reported here will be useful for future studies aimed at identifying which cells produce IFNs at early time points after infection. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2008.11.012","issn":"10504","usgsCitation":"Purcell, M.K., Laing, K., Woodson, J., Thorgaard, G., and Hansen, J., 2009, Characterization of the interferon genes in homozygous rainbow trout reveals two novel genes, alternate splicing and differential regulation of duplicated genes: Fish and Shellfish Immunology, v. 26, no. 2, p. 293-304, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2008.11.012.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"304","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213858,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2008.11.012"},{"id":241523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4e5e4b0c8380cd4bfaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Purcell, M. K.","contributorId":78464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laing, K.J.","contributorId":17037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laing","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodson, J.C.","contributorId":58477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodson","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thorgaard, G.H.","contributorId":76678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorgaard","given":"G.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hansen, J.D.","contributorId":107880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035068,"text":"70035068 - 2009 - HRSC: High resolution stereo camera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035068","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"HRSC: High resolution stereo camera","docAbstract":"The High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on Mars Express has delivered a wealth of image data, amounting to over 2.5 TB from the start of the mapping phase in January 2004 to September 2008. In that time, more than a third of Mars was covered at a resolution of 10-20 m/pixel in stereo and colour. After five years in orbit, HRSC is still in excellent shape, and it could continue to operate for many more years. HRSC has proven its ability to close the gap between the low-resolution Viking image data and the high-resolution Mars Orbiter Camera images, leading to a global picture of the geological evolution of Mars that is now much clearer than ever before. Derived highest-resolution terrain model data have closed major gaps and provided an unprecedented insight into the shape of the surface, which is paramount not only for surface analysis and geological interpretation, but also for combination with and analysis of data from other instruments, as well as in planning for future missions. This chapter presents the scientific output from data analysis and highlevel data processing, complemented by a summary of how the experiment is conducted by the HRSC team members working in geoscience, atmospheric science, photogrammetry and spectrophotometry. Many of these contributions have been or will be published in peer-reviewed journals and special issues. They form a cross-section of the scientific output, either by summarising the new geoscientific picture of Mars provided by HRSC or by detailing some of the topics of data analysis concerning photogrammetry, cartography and spectral data analysis.","largerWorkTitle":"European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP","language":"English","issn":"03796566","isbn":"9292219758; 9789292219758","usgsCitation":"Neukum, G., Jaumann, R., Basilevsky, A., Dumke, A., Van Gasselt, S., Giese, B., Hauber, E., Head, J.W., Heipke, C., Hoekzema, N., Hoffmann, H., Greeley, R., Gwinner, K., Kirk, R., Markiewicz, W., McCord, T.B., Michael, G., Muller, J., Murray, J., Oberst, J., Pinet, P., Pischel, R., Roatsch, T., Scholten, F., and Willner, K., 2009, HRSC: High resolution stereo camera, <i>in</i> European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP, v. SP, no. 1291, p. 15-74.","startPage":"15","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"60","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"SP","issue":"1291","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2e86e4b0c8380cd5c610","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neukum, G.","contributorId":105443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neukum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Basilevsky, A.T.","contributorId":34208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basilevsky","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dumke, A.","contributorId":79720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumke","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Van Gasselt, S.","contributorId":58855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gasselt","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Giese, B.","contributorId":12220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giese","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hauber, E.","contributorId":81659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauber","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Head, J. W. 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B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Michael, G.","contributorId":44000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Muller, Jan-Peter","contributorId":26882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"Jan-Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Murray, J.B.","contributorId":58858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Oberst, J.","contributorId":103427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberst","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Pinet, P.","contributorId":18193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinet","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Pischel, R.","contributorId":90127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pischel","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Roatsch, T.","contributorId":18933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roatsch","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Scholten, F.","contributorId":100175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholten","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Willner, K.","contributorId":43587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willner","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25}]}}
,{"id":70035768,"text":"70035768 - 2009 - Taphonomic and zooarchaeological implications of spotted hyena (crocuta crocuta) bone accumulations in kenya: A modern behavioral ecological approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035768","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3001,"text":"Paleobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Taphonomic and zooarchaeological implications of spotted hyena (crocuta crocuta) bone accumulations in kenya: A modern behavioral ecological approach","docAbstract":"The significant impact of extant carnivores, particularly spotted hyenas, on the depo-sitional history and physical characteristics of archaeofaunal and paleontological assemblages is well recognized. We focus on the behavioral ecology of extant spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in relation to bone accumulations produced by one East African clan at communal dens. Limbs and skulls of prey animals more frequently appear at dens than do other carcass portions. These items reflect the relative abundance of prey species near dens; carnivore remains are poorly represented. Comparative analysis reveals that bones are deposited far more slowly (<7 carcass portions per month) and accumulations tend to be smaller at Crocuta dens than at dens of either brown (Para-hyaena brunnea) or striped (Hyaena hyaena) hyenas. We propose that extant Crocuta bone accumu-lation rates and sizes are likely affected by prey species abundance, clan size, social interactions within the clan, and the type and availability of den sites. We also suggest that the potential for intraspecific behavioral variability in bone accumulation patterns is important when comparisons are made among spotted hyena populations and across hyena species. For example, accumulation patterns may be dramatically influenced by the temporal span, potentially ranging from days to hundreds or thousands of years, in which bones are collected, depending on the species-specific history of occupation at a given site. Understanding the behavioral and ecological variability likely to influence bone accumulation patterns at dens used by different hyaenids will allow taphonomists and zooarchaeologists to refine their knowledge of mechanisms underlying site formation pro-cesses and potential causes of variability in deeper-time den assemblages. ?? 2009 The Paleontological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleobiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1666/08009.1","issn":"00948373","usgsCitation":"Lansing, S., Cooper, S., Boydston, E., and Holekamp, K., 2009, Taphonomic and zooarchaeological implications of spotted hyena (crocuta crocuta) bone accumulations in kenya: A modern behavioral ecological approach: Paleobiology, v. 35, no. 2, p. 289-309, https://doi.org/10.1666/08009.1.","startPage":"289","endPage":"309","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216281,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1666/08009.1"},{"id":244144,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3dce4b08c986b31ff37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lansing, S.W.","contributorId":44006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lansing","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, S.M.","contributorId":11576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boydston, E. E.","contributorId":106045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boydston","given":"E. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holekamp, K.E.","contributorId":34077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holekamp","given":"K.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034671,"text":"70034671 - 2009 - Analysis of a cryolava flow-like feature on Titan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T16:09:40.496529","indexId":"70034671","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of a cryolava flow-like feature on Titan","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper reports on the analysis of the highest spatial resolution hyperspectral images acquired by the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) onboard the Cassini spacecraft during its prime mission. A bright area matches a flow-like feature coming out of a caldera-like feature observed in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data recorded by the Cassini radar experiment [Lopes et al., 2007. Cryovolcanic features on Titan's surface as revealed by the Cassini Titan Radar Mapper. Icarus 186, 395–412, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.09.006]. In this SAR image, the flow extends about 160</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km east of the caldera. The contrast in brightness between the flow and the surroundings progressively vanishes, suggesting alteration or evolution of the composition of the cryolava during the lifetime of the eruptions. Dunes seem to cover part of this flow on its eastern end. We analyze the different terrains using the Spectral Mixing Analysis (SMA) approach of the Multiple-Endmember Linear Unmixing Model (MELSUM, Combe et al., 2008). The study area can be fully modeled by using only two types of terrains. Then, the VIMS spectra are compared with laboratory spectra of known materials in the relevant atmospheric windows (from 1 to 2.78</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μm). We considered simple molecules that could be produced during cryovolcanic events, including H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;(using two different grain sizes), CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;and NH</span><sub>3</sub><span>. We find that the mean spectrum of the cryoflow-like feature is not consistent with pure water ice. It can be best fitted by linear combinations of spectra of the candidate materials, showing that its composition is compatible with a mixture of H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;and CO</span><sub>2.</sub></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2009.03.005","usgsCitation":"Le Corre, L., Le Mouelic, S., Sotin, C., Combe, J.#., Rodriguez, S., Barnes, J.W., Brown, R.H., Buratti, B.J., Jaumann, R., Soderblom, J., Soderblom, L., Clark, R., Baines, K.H., and Nicholson, P.D., 2009, Analysis of a cryolava flow-like feature on Titan: Planetary and Space Science, v. 57, no. 7, p. 870-879, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2009.03.005.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"870","endPage":"879","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Titan","volume":"57","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb02e4b0c8380cd48b58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Le Corre, L.","contributorId":92874,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Le Corre","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Le Mouelic, S.","contributorId":92786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Le Mouelic","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Combe, J. #NAME?","contributorId":37982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Combe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"#NAME?","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rodriguez, S.","contributorId":54329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barnes, J. W.","contributorId":14554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Soderblom, J.","contributorId":52699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soderblom","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Clark, R.","contributorId":100780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70032340,"text":"70032340 - 2009 - Markov decision processes in natural resources management: Observability and uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70032340","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Markov decision processes in natural resources management: Observability and uncertainty","docAbstract":"The breadth and complexity of stochastic decision processes in natural resources presents a challenge to analysts who need to understand and use these approaches. The objective of this paper is to describe a class of decision processes that are germane to natural resources conservation and management, namely Markov decision processes, and to discuss applications and computing algorithms under different conditions of observability and uncertainty. A number of important similarities are developed in the framing and evaluation of different decision processes, which can be useful in their applications in natural resources management. The challenges attendant to partial observability are highlighted, and possible approaches for dealing with it are discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.12.023","issn":"03043","usgsCitation":"Williams, B.K., 2009, Markov decision processes in natural resources management: Observability and uncertainty: Ecological Modelling, v. 220, no. 6, p. 830-840, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.12.023.","startPage":"830","endPage":"840","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215076,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.12.023"},{"id":242848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"220","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5204e4b0c8380cd6c0cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, B. Kenneth","contributorId":107798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70034764,"text":"70034764 - 2009 - Reducing streamflow forecast uncertainty: Application and qualitative assessment of the upper klamath river Basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034764","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reducing streamflow forecast uncertainty: Application and qualitative assessment of the upper klamath river Basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"The accuracy of streamflow forecasts depends on the uncertainty associated with future weather and the accuracy of the hydrologic model that is used to produce the forecasts. We present a method for streamflow forecasting where hydrologic model parameters are selected based on the climate state. Parameter sets for a hydrologic model are conditioned on an atmospheric pressure index defined using mean November through February (NDJF) 700-hectoPascal geopotential heights over northwestern North America [Pressure Index from Geopotential heights (PIG)]. The hydrologic model is applied in the Sprague River basin (SRB), a snowmelt-dominated basin located in the Upper Klamath basin in Oregon. In the SRB, the majority of streamflow occurs during March through May (MAM). Water years (WYs) 1980-2004 were divided into three groups based on their respective PIG values (high, medium, and low PIG). Low (high) PIG years tend to have higher (lower) than average MAM streamflow. Four parameter sets were calibrated for the SRB, each using a different set of WYs. The initial set used WYs 1995-2004 and the remaining three used WYs defined as high-, medium-, and low-PIG years. Two sets of March, April, and May streamflow volume forecasts were made using Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP). The first set of ESP simulations used the initial parameter set. Because the PIG is defined using NDJF pressure heights, forecasts starting in March can be made using the PIG parameter set that corresponds with the year being forecasted. The second set of ESP simulations used the parameter set associated with the given PIG year. Comparison of the ESP sets indicates that more accuracy and less variability in volume forecasts may be possible when the ESP is conditioned using the PIG. This is especially true during the high-PIG years (low-flow years). ?? 2009 American Water Resources Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00307.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Hay, L., McCabe, G., Clark, M., and Risley, J.C., 2009, Reducing streamflow forecast uncertainty: Application and qualitative assessment of the upper klamath river Basin, Oregon: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 45, no. 3, p. 580-596, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00307.x.","startPage":"580","endPage":"596","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215728,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00307.x"},{"id":243550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3d1e4b0e8fec6cdb9b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hay, L.E.","contributorId":54253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, M.P.","contributorId":49558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"M.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Risley, J. C.","contributorId":88780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033094,"text":"70033094 - 2009 - Interactions among wildland fires in a long-established Sierra Nevada natural fire area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70033094","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions among wildland fires in a long-established Sierra Nevada natural fire area","docAbstract":"We investigate interactions between successive naturally occurring fires, and assess to what extent the environments in which fires burn influence these interactions. Using mapped fire perimeters and satellite-based estimates of post-fire effects (referred to hereafter as fire severity) for 19 fires burning relatively freely over a 31-year period, we demonstrate that fire as a landscape process can exhibit self-limiting characteristics in an upper elevation Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest. We use the term 'self-limiting' to refer to recurring fire as a process over time (that is, fire regime) consuming fuel and ultimately constraining the spatial extent and lessening fire-induced effects of subsequent fires. When the amount of time between successive adjacent fires is under 9 years, and when fire weather is not extreme (burning index <34.9), the probability of the latter fire burning into the previous fire area is extremely low. Analysis of fire severity data by 10-year periods revealed a fair degree of stability in the proportion of area burned among fire severity classes (unchanged, low, moderate, high). This is in contrast to a recent study demonstrating increasing high-severity burning throughout the Sierra Nevada from 1984 to 2006, which suggests freely burning fires over time in upper elevation Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forests can regulate fire-induced effects across the landscape. This information can help managers better anticipate short- and long-term effects of allowing naturally ignited fires to burn, and ultimately, improve their ability to implement Wildland Fire Use programs in similar forest types. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10021-008-9211-7","issn":"14329","usgsCitation":"Collins, B., Miller, J., Thode, A.E., Kelly, M., van Wagtendonk, J., and Stephens, S., 2009, Interactions among wildland fires in a long-established Sierra Nevada natural fire area: Ecosystems, v. 12, no. 1, p. 114-128, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9211-7.","startPage":"114","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213304,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9211-7"},{"id":240916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cbee4b0c8380cd62fd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, B.M.","contributorId":33925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, J.D.","contributorId":43431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thode, A. E.","contributorId":75870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thode","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelly, M.","contributorId":39585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Wagtendonk, J. W.","contributorId":85111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stephens, S.L.","contributorId":85694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035771,"text":"70035771 - 2009 - Predicting 21st-century polar bear habitat distribution from global climate models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-09T19:26:18","indexId":"70035771","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting 21st-century polar bear habitat distribution from global climate models","docAbstract":"Projections of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) sea ice habitat distribution in the polar basin during the 21st century were developed to understand the consequences of anticipated sea ice reductions on polar bear populations. We used location data from satellitecollared polar bears and environmental data (e.g., bathymetry, distance to coastlines, and sea ice) collected from 1985 to 1995 to build resource selection functions (RSFs). RSFs described habitats that polar bears preferred in summer, autumn, winter, and spring. When applied to independent data from 1996 to 2006, the RSFs consistently identified habitats most frequently used by polar bears. We applied the RSFs to monthly maps of 21st-century sea ice concentration projected by 10 general circulation models (GCMs) used in the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report, under the A1B greenhouse gas forcing scenario. Despite variation in their projections, all GCMs indicated habitat losses in the polar basin during the 21st century. Losses in the highest-valued RSF habitat (optimal habitat) were greatest in the southern seas of the polar basin, especially the Chukchi and Barents seas, and least along the Arctic Ocean shores of Banks Island to northern Greenland. Mean loss of optimal polar bear habitat was greatest during summer; from an observed 1.0 million km<sup>2</sup> in 1985-1995 (baseline) to a projected multi-model mean of 0.32 million km<sup>2</sup> in 2090-2099 (-68% change). Projected winter losses of polar bear habitat were less: from 1.7 million km<sup>2</sup> in 1985-1995 to 1.4 million km<sup>2</sup> in 2090-2099 (-17% change). Habitat losses based on GCM multi-model means may be conservative; simulated rates of habitat loss during 1985-2006 from many GCMs were less than the actual observed rates of loss. Although a reduction in the total amount of optimal habitat will likely reduce polar bear populations, exact relationships between habitat losses and population demographics remain unknown. Density and energetic effects may become important as polar bears make long-distance annual migrations from traditional winter ranges to remnant high-latitude summer sea ice. These impacts will likely affect specific sex and age groups differently and may ultimately preclude bears from seasonally returning to their traditional ranges.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Monographs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/07-2089.1","issn":"00129615","usgsCitation":"Durner, G.M., Douglas, D., Nielson, R.M., Amstrup, S.C., McDonald, T.L., Stirling, I., Mauritzen, M., Born, E., Wiig, O., Deweaver, E., Serreze, M.C., Belikov, S., Holland, M., Maslanik, J., Aars, J., Bailey, D., and Derocher, A., 2009, Predicting 21st-century polar bear habitat distribution from global climate models: Ecological Monographs, v. 79, no. 1, p. 25-58, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-2089.1.","startPage":"25","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216317,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-2089.1"}],"volume":"79","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a819ce4b0c8380cd7b61b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nielson, R. M.","contributorId":22967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nielson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":452275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDonald, T. L.","contributorId":101211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonald","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stirling, I.","contributorId":103615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stirling","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mauritzen, Mette","contributorId":91753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mauritzen","given":"Mette","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Born, E.W.","contributorId":7508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Born","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wiig, O.","contributorId":60995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiig","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Deweaver, E.","contributorId":10294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deweaver","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Serreze, Mark C.","contributorId":98491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serreze","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Belikov, Stanislav","contributorId":19513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belikov","given":"Stanislav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Holland, M.M.","contributorId":13074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Maslanik, J.","contributorId":78994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maslanik","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Aars, Jon","contributorId":91338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aars","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7238,"text":"Norwegian Polar Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":452278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Bailey, D.A.","contributorId":47215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Derocher, A.E.","contributorId":82103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derocher","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}}
,{"id":70035140,"text":"70035140 - 2009 - Basal-topographic control of stationary ponds on a continuously moving landslide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035140","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Basal-topographic control of stationary ponds on a continuously moving landslide","docAbstract":"The Slumgullion landslide in the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado has been moving for at least the last few hundred years and has multiple ponds on its surface. We have studied eight ponds during 30 trips to the landslide between July 1998 and July 2007. During each trip, we have made observations on the variability in pond locations and water levels, taken ground-based photographs to document pond water with respect to moving landslide material and vegetation, conducted Global Positioning System surveys of the elevations of water levels and mapped pond sediments on the landslide surface. Additionally, we have used stereo aerial photographs taken in October 1939, October 1940 and July 2000 to measure topographic profiles of the eight pond locations, as well as a longitudinal profile along the approximate centerline of the landslide, to examine topographic changes over a 60- to 61-year period of time. Results from field observations, analyses of photographs, mapping and measurements indicate that all pond locations have remained spatially stationary for 60-300 years while landslide material moves through these locations. Water levels during the observation period were sensitive to changes in the local, spring-fed, stream network, and to periodic filling of pond locations by sediment from floods, hyperconcentrated flows, mud flows and debris flows. For pond locations to remain stationary, the locations must mimic depressions along the basal surface of the landslide. The existence of such depressions indicates that the topography of the basal landslide surface is irregular. These results suggest that, for translational landslides that have moved distances larger than the dimensions of the largest basal topographic irregularities (about 200 m at Slumgullion), landslide surface morphology can be used as a guide to the morphology of the basal slip surface. Because basal slip surface morphology can affect landslide stability, kinematic models and stability analyses of translational landslides should attempt to incorporate irregular basal surface topography. Additional implications for moving landslides where basal topography controls surface morphology include the following: dateable sediments or organic material from basal layers of stationary ponds will yield ages that are younger than the date of landslide initiation, and it is probable that other landslide surface features such as faults, streams, springs and sinks are also controlled by basal topography. The longitudinal topographic profile indicated that the upper part of the Slumgullion landslide was depleted at a mean vertical lowering rate of 5.6 cm/yr between 1939 and 2000, while the toe advanced at an average rate of 1.5 m/yr during the same period. Therefore, during this 61-year period, neither the depletion of material at the head of the landslide nor continued growth of the landslide toe has decreased the overall movement rate of the landslide. Continued depletion of the upper part of the landslide, and growth of the toe, should eventually result in stabilization of the landslide. Copyright ?? 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/esp.1721","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Coe, J.A., McKenna, J., Godt, J., and Baum, R., 2009, Basal-topographic control of stationary ponds on a continuously moving landslide: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 34, no. 2, p. 264-279, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1721.","startPage":"264","endPage":"279","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215272,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1721"},{"id":243062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efc2e4b0c8380cd4a42f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coe, J. A.","contributorId":8867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKenna, J.P.","contributorId":24543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godt, J. W.","contributorId":76732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baum, R.L.","contributorId":68752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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