The northeastern part of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA) has become an area of active petroleum exploration during the past five years. Recent leasing and exploration drilling in the NPRA requires the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to manage and monitor a variety of surface activities that include seismic surveying, exploration drilling, oil-field development drilling, construction of oil-production facilities, and construction of pipelines and access roads. BLM evaluates a variety of permit applications, environmental impact studies, and other documents that require rapid compilation and analysis of data pertaining to surface and subsurface geology, hydrology, and biology. In addition, BLM must monitor these activities and assess their impacts on the natural environment. Timely and accurate completion of these land-management tasks requires elevation, hydrologic, geologic, petroleum-activity, and cadastral data, all integrated in digital formats at a higher resolution than is currently available in nondigital (paper) formats.
To support these land-management tasks, a series of maps was generated from remotely sensed data in an area of high petroleum-industry activity (fig. 1). The maps cover an area from approximately latitude 70°00' N. to 70°30' N. and from longitude 151°00' W. to 153°10' W. The area includes the Alpine oil field in the east, the Husky Inigok exploration well (site of a landing strip) in the west, many of the exploration wells drilled in NPRA since 2000, and the route of a proposed pipeline to carry oil from discovery wells in NPRA to the Alpine oil field. This map area is referred to as the \"Fish Creek area\" after a creek that flows through the region.
The map series includes (1) a color shaded-relief map based on 5-m-resolution data (sheet 1), (2) a surface-classification map based on 30-m-resolution data (sheet 2), and (3) a 5-m-resolution shaded relief-surface classification map that combines the shaded-relief and surface-classification data (sheet 3). Remote sensing datasets that were used to compile the maps include Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ (ETM+), and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR) data. In addition, a 1:250,000-scale geologic map of the Harrison Bay quadrangle, Alaska (Carter and Galloway, 1985, 2005) was used in conjunction with ETM+ and IFSAR data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim2948","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Mars, J.L., Garrity, C.P., Houseknecht, D.W., Amoroso, L., and Meares, D.C., 2007, Color shaded-relief and surface-classification maps of the Fish Creek Area, Harrison Bay Quadrangle, Northern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2948, Explanatory Text (iv, 15 p.); Maps: 3 Sheets (each 58 x 41 inches), https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2948.","productDescription":"Explanatory Text (iv, 15 p.); Maps: 3 Sheets (each 58 x 41 inches)","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9529,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2007/2948/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110726,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81198.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"81198"}],"scale":"63360","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae97b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mars, John L. jmars@usgs.gov","contributorId":3428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mars","given":"John","email":"jmars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrity, Christopher P. 0000-0002-5565-1818 cgarrity@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-1818","contributorId":644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrity","given":"Christopher","email":"cgarrity@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amoroso, Lee lamoroso@usgs.gov","contributorId":3069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amoroso","given":"Lee","email":"lamoroso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meares, Donald C.","contributorId":94753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meares","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":79838,"text":"ofr20061392 - 2007 - Summary of ground-water-quality data in the Anacostia River watershed, Washington, D.C., September-December 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-09T20:40:24.420585","indexId":"ofr20061392","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1392","title":"Summary of ground-water-quality data in the Anacostia River watershed, Washington, D.C., September-December 2005","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the District Department of the Environment (formerly the District of Columbia, Department of Health, Environmental Health Administration), conducted a ground-water-quality investigation in the Anacostia River watershed within Washington, D.C. Samples were collected and analyzed from 17 ground-water monitoring wells located within the study area from September through December 2005. Samples were analyzed for a variety of constituents including major ions, nutrients, volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, pesticides and degradates, oil and grease, phenols, total polychlorinated biphenyls, and other selected constituents. The concentrations of major ions in the study area indicate that the ground water is predominantly calcium-bicarbonate type water, with some wells containing a higher percentage of milliequivalents per liter of iron (cation), and chloride or sulfate (anions). Concentrations of nitrogen were generally less than 1 milligram per liter, and concentrations of phosphorus were generally less than 0.5 milligrams per liter. Twelve of 79 pesticides and degradates were detected at 6 out of 17 wells. Volatile organic compounds (predominantly gasoline oxygenates and solvents) were detected in 9 of the 17 wells. Two semivolatile organic compounds, (bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and total phenols), out of the 51 analyzed, were detected in the study area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061392","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the District Department of the Environment","usgsCitation":"Klohe, C.A., and Debrewer, L.M., 2007, Summary of ground-water-quality data in the Anacostia River watershed, Washington, D.C., September-December 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1392, vi, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061392.","productDescription":"vi, 65 p.","temporalStart":"2005-09-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403568,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81196.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191979,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9538,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1392/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","city":"Washington DC","otherGeospatial":"Anacostia River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.02651977539062,\n 38.84505571861154\n ],\n [\n -76.92489624023438,\n 38.84505571861154\n ],\n [\n -76.92489624023438,\n 38.93377552819722\n ],\n [\n -77.02651977539062,\n 38.93377552819722\n ],\n [\n -77.02651977539062,\n 38.84505571861154\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699505","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klohe, Cheryl A.","contributorId":54275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klohe","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Debrewer, Linda M. 0000-0002-0511-4010 lmdebrew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0511-4010","contributorId":5713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Debrewer","given":"Linda","email":"lmdebrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79830,"text":"fs20073008 - 2007 - The National Map - Orthoimagery Layer","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":79830,"text":"fs20073008 - 2007 - The National Map - Orthoimagery Layer","indexId":"fs20073008","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"The National Map - Orthoimagery Layer"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":97683,"text":"fs20093055 - 2009 - The National Map - Orthoimagery","indexId":"fs20093055","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"The National Map - Orthoimagery"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":97683,"text":"fs20093055 - 2009 - The National Map - Orthoimagery","indexId":"fs20093055","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"The National Map - Orthoimagery"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-15T17:28:14","indexId":"fs20073008","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3008","title":"The National Map - Orthoimagery Layer","docAbstract":"Many Federal, State, and local agencies use a common set of framework geographic information databases as a tool for economic and community development, land and natural resource management, and health and safety services. Emergency management and homeland security applications rely on this information. Private industry, nongovernmental organizations, and individual citizens use the same geographic data. Geographic information underpins an increasingly large part of the Nation's economy.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is developing The National Map to be a seamless, continually maintained, and nationally consistent set of online, public domain, framework geographic information databases. The National Map will serve as a foundation for integrating, sharing, and using data easily and consistently. The data will be the source of revised paper topographic maps. The National Map includes digital orthorectified imagery; elevation data; vector data for hydrography, transportation, boundary, and structure features; geographic names; and land cover information.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Suvery (U.S.)","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20073008","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007, The National Map - Orthoimagery Layer: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3008, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073008.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":247,"text":"Eastern Region Geography","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3008.gif"},{"id":254430,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/factsheets/fs20073008/fs20073008.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":246714,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3008/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687f7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79818,"text":"sim2967 - 2007 - Surficial Geologic Map of the West Franklin Quadrangle, Vanderburgh and Posey Counties, Indiana, and Henderson County, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:43","indexId":"sim2967","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2967","title":"Surficial Geologic Map of the West Franklin Quadrangle, Vanderburgh and Posey Counties, Indiana, and Henderson County, Kentucky","docAbstract":"The valley of the Ohio River is filled with alluvium and outwash (unit Qal), which total 33-39 m thick under the land surface in the southeast part of the West Franklin quadrangle in Indiana, and 30.5-35 m thick under Diamond Island in the southwest corner of the quadrangle. The deposits are chiefly fine- to medium-grained, lithic quartzose sand, interbedded by lenses of clay, clayey silt, silt, coarse sand, granules, and gravel. Although grain size of the river alluvium varies widely, in general it fines upward-being gravelly sand to sandy gravel in the lower part, mainly sand in the middle part, and silty and clayey in the upper part (Holocene). The middle and lower parts probably accumulated during the Wisconsin Episode (late Pleistocene). The sandy middle part contains interbeds of clay, silt, and minor gravel. At the base is highly consolidated mud (silt and clay), sand, and gravel 2-10 m thick. This unit may be valley train that predates the Wisconsin Episode.\r\n\r\nCreek alluvium (unit Qa) is silt, clayey silt, and subordinate intercalated fine sand, granules, and pebbles; the coarser grains are generally concentrated in the basal 1-2 m of the deposit. Lenses and beds of clay are present locally. Fossil wood collected from an auger hole in the alluvial deposits of Little Creek, at depths of 10.6 m and 6.4 m, were dated 16,650?50 and 11,120?40 radiocarbon years, respectively. Probable lacustrine terrace silt and clay (Qlt), so-called slackwater-lake or backwater deposits, form deposits 12-22 m thick in the lowest reaches of tributary creeks to the Ohio River. The surfaces of the lacustrine deposits are terraces a few meters higher than the modern creek flood plains. Covering the bedrock upland is loess (Ql) 3-7.5 m thick, deposited about 18,000-12,000 years before present. Most surficial deposits in the quadrangle are probably no older than about 35,000 yrs. Lithologic logs, shear-wave velocities, and other cone penetrometer data are used to interpret depositional environments and geologic history of the alluvium and lacustrine deposits.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sim2967","usgsCitation":"Moore, D., Newell, W., Counts, R.C., Fraser, G.S., Fishbaugh, D.A., and Brandt, T.R., 2007, Surficial Geologic Map of the West Franklin Quadrangle, Vanderburgh and Posey Counties, Indiana, and Henderson County, Kentucky (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2967, Plate (54 x 36 inches); Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2967.","productDescription":"Plate (54 x 36 inches); Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110723,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81180.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"81180"},{"id":194974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9518,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2007/2967/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.5,37.8675 ], [ -87.5,38 ], [ -87.61749999999999,38 ], [ -87.61749999999999,37.8675 ], [ -87.5,37.8675 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6895ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, David W.","contributorId":63835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"David W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newell, Wayne L.","contributorId":48538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"Wayne L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Counts, Ronald C. 0000-0002-8426-1990 rcounts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8426-1990","contributorId":5343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counts","given":"Ronald","email":"rcounts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fraser, Gordon S.","contributorId":37841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraser","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fishbaugh, David A.","contributorId":16940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishbaugh","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brandt, Theodore R. 0000-0002-7862-9082 tbrandt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-9082","contributorId":1267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Theodore","email":"tbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":79810,"text":"ofr20071079 - 2007 - Terrestrial LIDAR investigation of the December 2003 and January 2007 activations of the Northridge Bluff landslide, Daly City, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-22T10:56:56","indexId":"ofr20071079","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1079","title":"Terrestrial LIDAR investigation of the December 2003 and January 2007 activations of the Northridge Bluff landslide, Daly City, California","docAbstract":"On December 20, 2003 and again on January 1, 2007, landslides occurred along the coastal bluff that forms the west boundary of Daly City, California sending debris as far as 290 meters downhill and 90 meters into the ocean. This area is known for large landslide events where 150-meter tall coastal bluffs extend southward along the west boundary of San Francisco and San Mateo Counties (Fig. 1). The 2003 and 2007 landslide events occurred west of Northridge Drive in Daly City and just south of Avalon Canyon, which bisects the bluffs in this area (Fig. 2). Residential development, utility lines and roads occupy the land immediately east of this location. As part of a comprehensive project to investigate the failure mechanisms of coastal bluff landslides in weakly lithified sediments along the west coast of the United States, members of the U.S. Geologic Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology (CMG) Program performed reconnaissance mapping of these landslide events including collection of high-resolution topographic data using CMG's terrestrial LIDAR laser scanning system.
\nThis report provides a brief background on each landslide event and presents topographic datasets collected following each event. Downloadable contour data, images, and FGDC-compliant metadata of the surfaces generated from the LIDAR data are also provided. LIDAR data collection and processing techniques used to generate the datasets are outlined. Geometric and volumetric measurements are also presented along with high-resolution cross-sections through various areas of the slide masses and discussion concerning the slides present (2007) configuration is provided.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071079","usgsCitation":"Collins, B., Kayen, R., Reiss, T., and Sitar, N., 2007, Terrestrial LIDAR investigation of the December 2003 and January 2007 activations of the Northridge Bluff landslide, Daly City, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1079, v, 32 p.; Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071079.","productDescription":"v, 32 p.; Data","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071079.PNG"},{"id":9510,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1079/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":292854,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1079/of2007-1079.pdf"},{"id":292855,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1079/of2007-1079_data"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Daly City","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.5,37.648934 ], [ -122.5,37.708431 ], [ -122.405453,37.708431 ], [ -122.405453,37.648934 ], [ -122.5,37.648934 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db6850fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, Brian D.","contributorId":71641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kayen, Robert","contributorId":12030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reiss, Thomas","contributorId":97588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiss","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sitar, Nicholas","contributorId":42253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sitar","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79815,"text":"sim2956 - 2007 - Geologic Map and Map Database of Eastern Sonoma and Western Napa Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:40","indexId":"sim2956","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2956","title":"Geologic Map and Map Database of Eastern Sonoma and Western Napa Counties, California","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThis report contains a new 1:100,000-scale geologic map, derived from a set of geologic map databases (Arc-Info coverages) containing information at 1:62,500-scale resolution, and a new description of the geologic map units and structural relations in the map area. Prepared as part of the San Francisco Bay Region Mapping Project, the study area includes the north-central part of the San Francisco Bay region, and forms the final piece of the effort to generate new, digital geologic maps and map databases for an area which includes Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Solano, and Sonoma Counties. Geologic mapping in Lake County in the north-central part of the map extent was not within the scope of the Project. The map and map database integrates both previously published reports and new geologic mapping and field checking by the authors (see Sources of Data index map on the map sheet or the Arc-Info coverage eswn-so and the textfile eswn-so.txt). This report contains new ideas about the geologic structures in the map area, including the active San Andreas Fault system, as well as the geologic units and their relations.\r\n\r\nTogether, the map (or map database) and the unit descriptions in this report describe the composition, distribution, and orientation of geologic materials and structures within the study area at regional scale. Regional geologic information is important for analysis of earthquake shaking, liquifaction susceptibility, landslide susceptibility, engineering materials properties, mineral resources and hazards, as well as groundwater resources and hazards. These data also assist in answering questions about the geologic history and development of the California Coast Ranges.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sim2956","usgsCitation":"Graymer, R., Brabb, E.E., Jones, D.L., Barnes, J., Nicholson, R., and Stamski, R., 2007, Geologic Map and Map Database of Eastern Sonoma and Western Napa Counties, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2956, Map (35 x 50 inches); Pamphlet (ii, 28 p.); Read Me; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2956.","productDescription":"Map (35 x 50 inches); Pamphlet (ii, 28 p.); Read Me; Data Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110722,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81179.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"81179"},{"id":192204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9515,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2007/2956/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.75,38.25 ], [ -122.75,38.8675 ], [ -121.25,38.8675 ], [ -121.25,38.25 ], [ -122.75,38.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a81ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graymer, R. W.","contributorId":21174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graymer","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brabb, E. E.","contributorId":43780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"E.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, D. L.","contributorId":65045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnes, J.","contributorId":36237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nicholson, R.S.","contributorId":67125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stamski, R.E.","contributorId":81574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamski","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":79813,"text":"ofr20071092 - 2007 - Detailed Sections from Auger Holes in the Roanoke Rapids 1:100,000 Map Sheet, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:14","indexId":"ofr20071092","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1092","title":"Detailed Sections from Auger Holes in the Roanoke Rapids 1:100,000 Map Sheet, North Carolina","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThe Roanoke Rapids 1:100,000 map sheet straddles the Coastal Plain / Piedmont boundary in northernmost North Carolina (Figure 1). Sediments of the Coastal Plain underlie the eastern three-fourths of this area, and patchy outliers of Coastal Plain units cap many of the higher hills in the western one-fourth of the area. Sediments dip gently to the east and reach a maximum known thickness in the extreme southeast part of the map area (Figure 2). The gentle eastward dip is disrupted in several areas due to faulting.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey recovered one core and augered 97 research test holes within the Roanoke Rapids 1:100,000 map sheet to supplement sparse outcrop data available from the Coastal Plain portion of the map area. The recovered sediments were studied and data from them recorded to determine the lithologic characteristics, spatial distribution, and temporal framework of the represented Coastal Plain stratigraphic units. These test holes were critical for accurately determining the distribution of major geologic units and the position of unit boundaries that will be shown on the forthcoming Roanoke Rapids geologic map, but much of the detailed subsurface data cannot be shown readily through this map product. Therefore, detailed descriptions have been collected in this open-file report for geologists, hydrologists, engineers, and community planners to provide a detailed shallow-subsurface stratigraphic framework for much of the Roanoke Rapids map region.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071092","collaboration":"In Cooperation with the North Carolina Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Weems, R.E., and Lewis, W., 2007, Detailed Sections from Auger Holes in the Roanoke Rapids 1:100,000 Map Sheet, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1092, v, 220 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071092.","productDescription":"v, 220 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9513,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1092/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667e8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weems, Robert E. 0000-0002-1907-7804 rweems@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-7804","contributorId":2663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weems","given":"Robert","email":"rweems@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, William C.","contributorId":50878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"William C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79808,"text":"fs20073026 - 2007 - Biomarker Benchmarks: Reproductive and Endocrine Biomarkers in Largemouth Bass and Common Carp from United States Waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:23","indexId":"fs20073026","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3026","title":"Biomarker Benchmarks: Reproductive and Endocrine Biomarkers in Largemouth Bass and Common Carp from United States Waters","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed a national database and report on endocrine and reproductive condition in two species of fish collected in U.S. streams and rivers. This information provides scientists with a national basis for comparing results of endocrine measurements in fish from individual sites throughout the country, so that scientists can better ascertain normal levels of biomarkers. The database includes information on several measures of reproductive and endocrine condition for common carp and largemouth bass. Data summaries are provided by reproductive season and geographic region.\r\n\r\nA national-scale reconnaissance investigation was initiated in 1994 by the USGS that utilized a suite of biological assays (biomarkers) as indicators of reproductive health, and potentially, endocrine disruption in two widely distributed species of teleost (bony) fish, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and common carp (Cyrinus carpio). The suite of assays included plasma sex-steroid hormones, stage of gonadal development, and plasma vitellogenin, an egg protein that indicates exposure to estrogenic compounds when found in male fish. More than 2,200 common carp and 650 largemouth bass were collected at 119 rivers and streams (fig. 1).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073026","usgsCitation":"Goodbred, S.L., Smith, S.B., Greene, P.S., Rauschenberger, R.H., and Bartish, T.M., 2007, Biomarker Benchmarks: Reproductive and Endocrine Biomarkers in Largemouth Bass and Common Carp from United States Waters: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3026, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073026.","productDescription":"1 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3026.jpg"},{"id":9508,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3026/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623105","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goodbred, Steven L. sgoodbred@usgs.gov","contributorId":497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodbred","given":"Steven","email":"sgoodbred@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Stephen B.","contributorId":14765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greene, Patricia S.","contributorId":24031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rauschenberger, Richard H.","contributorId":71268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rauschenberger","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bartish, Timothy M.","contributorId":22839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartish","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":79802,"text":"ds240 - 2007 - Enhanced Historical Land-Use and Land-Cover Data Sets of the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T10:17:39","indexId":"ds240","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"240","title":"Enhanced Historical Land-Use and Land-Cover Data Sets of the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"Historical land-use and land-cover data, available from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for the conterminous United States and Hawaii, have been enhanced for use in geographic information systems (GIS) applications. The original digital data sets were created by the USGS in the late 1970s and early 1980s and were later converted by USGS and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to a geographic information system (GIS) format in the early 1990s. These data were made available on USEPA's Web site since the early 1990s and have been used for many national applications, despite minor coding and topological errors. During the 1990s, a group of USGS researchers made modifications to the data set for use in the National Water-Quality Assessment Program. These edited files have been further modified to create a more accurate, topologically clean, and seamless national data set. Several different methods, including custom editing software and several batch processes, were applied to create this enhanced version of the national data set. The data sets are included in this report in the commonly used shapefile and Tagged Image Format File (TIFF) formats. In addition, this report includes two polygon data sets (in shapefile format) representing (1) land-use and land-cover source documentation extracted from the previously published USGS data files, and (2) the extent of each polygon data file.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ds240","usgsCitation":"Price, C.V., Nakagaki, N., Hitt, K.J., and Clawges, R.M., 2007, Enhanced Historical Land-Use and Land-Cover Data Sets of the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 240, Online Only - document & data files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds240.","productDescription":"Online Only - document & data files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9496,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/240/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":273162,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds240_landuse_poly.xml"},{"id":273163,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds240_landuse_src_poly.xml"},{"id":273164,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds240_landuse_raster.xml"},{"id":273165,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds240_landuse_tilepoly.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -160.5000,18.750 ], [ -160.5000,50.0000 ], [ -66.0000,50.0000 ], [ -66.0000,18.750 ], [ -160.5000,18.750 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6026bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Curtis V. 0000-0002-4315-3539 cprice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-3539","contributorId":983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Curtis","email":"cprice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nakagaki, Naomi 0000-0003-3653-0540 nakagaki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3653-0540","contributorId":1067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakagaki","given":"Naomi","email":"nakagaki@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hitt, Kerie J.","contributorId":54565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Kerie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clawges, Rick M.","contributorId":71583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clawges","given":"Rick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79809,"text":"ds227 - 2007 - Reproductive and Endocrine Biomarkers in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) and Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) from United States Waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:13","indexId":"ds227","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"227","title":"Reproductive and Endocrine Biomarkers in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) and Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) from United States Waters","docAbstract":"A nationwide reconnaissance investigation was initiated in 1994 to develop and evaluate a suite of reproductive and endocrine biomarkers for their potential to assess reproductive health and status in teleost (bony) fish. Fish collections were made at 119 sites, representing many regions of the country and land- and water-use settings. Collectively, this report will provide a national and regional benchmark and a basis for evaluating biomarkers of endocrine and reproductive function. Approximately 2,200 common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and 650 largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were collected from 1994 through 1997. The suite of biomarkers used for these studies included: the plasma sex-steroid hormones, 17?-estradiol (E2) and 11 ketotestosterone (11KT); the ratio of E2 to 11KT (E2:11KT); plasma vitellogenin (VTG); and stage of gonadal development. This data report provides fish size, stage and reproductive biomarker data for individual fish and for site and regional summaries of these variables.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ds227","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Goodbred, S.L., Smith, S.B., Greene, P.S., Rauschenberger, R.H., and Bartish, T.M., 2007, Reproductive and Endocrine Biomarkers in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) and Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) from United States Waters: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 227, iv, 99 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds227.","productDescription":"iv, 99 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9509,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/227/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62c6d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goodbred, Steven L. sgoodbred@usgs.gov","contributorId":497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodbred","given":"Steven","email":"sgoodbred@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Stephen B.","contributorId":14765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greene, Patricia S.","contributorId":24031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rauschenberger, Richard H.","contributorId":71268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rauschenberger","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bartish, Timothy M.","contributorId":22839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartish","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":79793,"text":"fs20073031 - 2007 - Availability of Ground-Water Data for Idaho, Water Year 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:20","indexId":"fs20073031","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3031","title":"Availability of Ground-Water Data for Idaho, Water Year 2006","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThe Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Federal, State, and local water agencies, collects a large amount of data each year pertaining to the ground-water resources of Idaho. These data constitute a valuable database for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the State. Beginning with the 1985 water year and continuing through 2005, data were published in a report series entitled, 'Water Resources Data for Idaho, Ground-Water Data.' Prior to the introduction of that series, historical ground-water information was published in U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Papers.\r\n\r\nIn 2006, the ground-water data reporting requirement was discontinued. However, data continue to be available in our databases. This fact sheet serves as an index to ground-water data for 2006.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073031","usgsCitation":"Campbell, A., 2007, Availability of Ground-Water Data for Idaho, Water Year 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3031, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073031.","productDescription":"2 p.","temporalStart":"2005-10-01","temporalEnd":"2006-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3031.jpg"},{"id":9483,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3031/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667f89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, A.M.","contributorId":55504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79795,"text":"ds69I - 2007 - Geologic Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Black Warrior Basin Province, Alabama and Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:13","indexId":"ds69I","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69","chapter":"I","title":"Geologic Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Black Warrior Basin Province, Alabama and Mississippi","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThe purpose of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Oil and Gas\r\nAssessment is to develop geologically based hypotheses regarding the potential\r\nfor additions to oil and gas reserves in priority areas of the United States.\r\nThe USGS recently completed an assessment of undiscovered oil and gas potential\r\nof the Cambrian-Ordovician carbonate rocks, the Chattanooga and Floyd Shales,\r\nand the Pottsville Formation coals in the Black Warrior Basin Province in\r\nnortheastern Mississippi and northwestern Alabama in the Gulf Coast Region.\r\nThe Cambrian-Ordovician carbonate rocks, the Chattanooga and Floyd Shales,\r\nand the Pottsville Formation coals are important because of their potential\r\nfor natural gas resources.\r\n\r\nThis assessment is based on geologic principles and uses the total petroleum\r\nsystem concept. The geologic elements of a total petroleum system include\r\nhydrocarbon source rocks (source rock maturation, hydrocarbon generation and migration), reservoir rocks (sequence stratigraphy and petrophysical properties), and hydrocarbon traps (trap formation and timing). The USGS used this geologic framework to define two total petroleum systems and three assessment units. All three assessment units were quantitatively assessed for undiscovered oil and gas resources.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ds69I","isbn":"1411317750","usgsCitation":"Hatch, J.R., and Pawlewicz, M.J., 2007, Geologic Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Black Warrior Basin Province, Alabama and Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 69, Read Me File; 5 Chapters; Spatial Data; Available on CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds69I.","productDescription":"Read Me File; 5 Chapters; Spatial Data; Available on CD-ROM","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":138,"text":"Black Warrior Basin Province Assessment Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9485,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-i/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a85f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Joseph R. 0000-0001-9257-0278 jrhatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-0278","contributorId":722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Joseph","email":"jrhatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pawlewicz, Mark J. pawlewicz@usgs.gov","contributorId":752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pawlewicz","given":"Mark","email":"pawlewicz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79801,"text":"ds99 - 2007 - A GIS library of multibeam data for Massachusetts Bay and the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, offshore of Boston, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T13:25:22.426019","indexId":"ds99","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99","title":"A GIS library of multibeam data for Massachusetts Bay and the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, offshore of Boston, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has mapped the sea floor of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary and western Massachusetts Bay, offshore of Boston, Massachusetts (figure 1a, figure 1b). The mapping was carried out using a Simrad Subsea EM1000 Multibeam Echo Sounder (95 kHz) on the Frederick G. Creed on four cruises between 1994 and 1998. The mapping was conducted in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and with support from the Canadian Hydrographic Service and the University of New Brunswick. This GIS Library contains images and grids of bathymetry, shaded relief bathymetry, and backscatter intensity data from these surveys in an Environmental Systems Research Institute (http://www.esri.com) (ESRI) ArcMap 9.1 Geographic Information System (GIS) project. The shapefiles, images, grids and associated metadata may also be downloaded individually. Descriptions and interpretations of the data are available in a series of published maps.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds99","isbn":"0607964766","usgsCitation":"Butman, B., Valentine, P.C., Middleton, T.J., and Danforth, W.W., 2007, A GIS library of multibeam data for Massachusetts Bay and the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, offshore of Boston, Massachusetts (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 99, HTML Document, DVD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds99.","productDescription":"HTML Document, DVD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193012,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9492,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/99/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","contact":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4956e4b0b290850ef10f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butman, Bradford 0000-0002-4174-2073 bbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-2073","contributorId":943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"Bradford","email":"bbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valentine, Page C. 0000-0002-0485-6266 pvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-6266","contributorId":1947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Page","email":"pvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Middleton, Tammie J.","contributorId":27532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Tammie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Danforth, William W. 0000-0002-6382-9487 bdanforth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9487","contributorId":3292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","email":"bdanforth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79789,"text":"sir20075023 - 2007 - Assessment of artificial recharge at Sand Hollow Reservoir, Washington County, Utah, updated to conditions through 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-01T22:55:58.846549","indexId":"sir20075023","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5023","title":"Assessment of artificial recharge at Sand Hollow Reservoir, Washington County, Utah, updated to conditions through 2006","docAbstract":"Sand Hollow, Utah, is the site of a surface-water reservoir completed in March 2002 and operated by the Washington County Water Conservancy District (WCWCD) primarily as an aquifer storage and recovery project. The reservoir is an off-channel facility that receives water from the Virgin River, diverted near the town of Virgin, Utah. Hydrologic data collected are described and listed in this report, including ground-water levels, reservoir stage, reservoir-water temperature, meteorology, evaporation, and estimated ground-water recharge.\r\n\r\nSince the construction of the reservoir in 2002, diversions from the Virgin River have resulted in generally rising stage and surface area. Large spring run-off volumes during 2005-06 allowed the WCWCD to fill the reservoir to near capacity, with a surface area of about 1,300 acres in 2006. Reservoir stage reached a record altitude of about 3,060 feet in May 2006, resulting in a depth of nearly 90 feet and a reservoir storage of about 51,000 acre-feet. Water temperature in the reservoir shows large seasonal variation and has ranged from about 5 to 32?C.\r\n\r\nEstimated ground-water recharge rates have ranged from 0.01 to 0.43 feet per day. Estimated recharge volumes have ranged from about 200 to about 3,500 acre-feet per month. Total ground-water recharge from March 2002 through August 2006 is estimated to be about 51,000 acre-feet. Estimated evaporation rates have varied from 0.05 to 0.97 feet per month, resulting in evaporation losses of 20 to 1,200 acre-feet per month. Total evaporation from March 2002 through August 2006 is estimated to be about 17,000 acre-feet. The combination of generally declining recharge rates and increasing reservoir altitude and area explains the trend of an increasing ratio of evaporation to recharge volume over time, with the total volume of water lost through evaporation nearly as large as the volume of ground-water recharge during the first 8 months of 2006. With removal of the viscosity effects (caused by seasonal water temperature variations), the intrinsic permeability indicates a large seasonal variation in clogging, with large winter increases likely caused by a combination of both decreased biofilms and the reduced volume of trapped gas bubbles.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075023","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington County Water Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Heilweil, V.M., and Susong, D.D., 2007, Assessment of artificial recharge at Sand Hollow Reservoir, Washington County, Utah, updated to conditions through 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5023, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075023.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192023,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9479,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5023/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":426219,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81171.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Washington County","otherGeospatial":"Sand Hollow Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.393499,37.102437 ], [ -113.393499,37.127407 ], [ -113.359917,37.127407 ], [ -113.359917,37.102437 ], [ -113.393499,37.102437 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6729ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heilweil, Victor M. heilweil@usgs.gov","contributorId":837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"Victor","email":"heilweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Susong, David D. ddsusong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"David","email":"ddsusong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79794,"text":"sir20065203 - 2007 - Geological assessment of cores from the Great Bay National Wildlife Refuge, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T21:55:18.75051","indexId":"sir20065203","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5203","title":"Geological assessment of cores from the Great Bay National Wildlife Refuge, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"Geological sources of metals (especially arsenic and zinc) in aquifer bedrock were evaluated for their potential to contribute elevated values of metals to ground and surface waters in and around Rockingham County, New Hampshire. Ayotte and others (1999, 2003) had proposed that arsenic concentrations in ground water flowing through bedrock aquifers in eastern New England were elevated as a result of interaction with rocks. Specifically in southeastern New Hampshire, Montgomery and others (2003) established that nearly one-fifth of private bedrock wells had arsenic concentrations that exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maximum contamination level for public water supplies. Two wells drilled in coastal New Hampshire were sited to intersect metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks in the Great Bay National Wildlife Refuge. Bulk chemistry, mineralogy, and mineral chemistry data were obtained on representative samples of cores extracted from the two boreholes in the Kittery and Eliot Formations. The results of this study have established that the primary geologic source of arsenic in ground waters sampled from the two well sites was iron-sulfide minerals, predominantly arsenic-bearing pyrite and lesser amounts of base-metal-sulfide and sulfosalt minerals that contain appreciable arsenic, including arsenopyrite, tetrahedrite, and cobaltite. Secondary minerals containing arsenic are apparently limited to iron-oxyhydroxide minerals. The geologic source of zinc was sphalerite, typically cadmium-bearing, which occurs with pyrite in core samples. Zinc also occurred as a secondary mineral in carbonate form. Oxidation of sulfides leading to the liberation of acid, iron, arsenic, zinc, and other metals was most prevalent in open fractures and vuggy zones in core intervals containing zones of high transmissivity in the two units. The presence of significant calcite and lesser amounts of other acid-neutralizing carbonate and silicate minerals, acting as a natural buffer to reduce acidity, forced precipitation of iron-oxyhydroxide minerals and the removal of trace elements, including arsenic and lead, from ground waters in the refuge. Zinc may have remained in solution to a greater extent because of complexing with carbonate and its solubility in near-neutral ground and surface waters. The regional link between anomalously high arsenic contents in ground water and a bedrock source as established by Ayotte and others (1999, 2003) and Montgomery and others (2003) was confirmed by the presence of some arsenic-bearing minerals in rocks of the Kittery and Eliot Formations. The relatively low amounts of arsenic and metals in wells in the Great Bay National Wildlife Refuge as reported by Ayotte and others (U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Data, 2005) were likely controlled by local geochemical environments in partially filled fractures, fissures, and permeable zones within the bedrock formations. Carbonate and silicate gangue minerals that line fractures, fissures, and permeable zones likely limited the movement of arsenic from bedrock to ground water. Sources other than the two geologic formations might have been required to account for anomalously high arsenic contents measured in private bedrock aquifer wells of Rockingham County.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065203","usgsCitation":"Foley, N.K., Ayuso, R.A., Ayotte, J., Montgomery, D.L., and Robinson, G.R., 2007, Geological assessment of cores from the Great Bay National Wildlife Refuge, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5203, vii, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065203.","productDescription":"vii, 62 p.","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194934,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415552,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81174.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9484,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5203/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":358556,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5203/SIR2006_5203book.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Great Bay National Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.9333,\n 43.1306\n ],\n [\n -70.9333,\n 43.0483\n ],\n [\n -70.7883,\n 43.0483\n ],\n [\n -70.7883,\n 43.1306\n ],\n [\n -70.9333,\n 43.1306\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a84fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. jayotte@usgs.gov","contributorId":1802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph D.","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Montgomery, Denise L.","contributorId":92698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"Denise","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robinson, Gilpin R. Jr. grobinso@usgs.gov","contributorId":3083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Gilpin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"grobinso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":79791,"text":"sir20075038 - 2007 - Assessment of Areal Recharge to the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer, Spokane County, Washington, and Bonner and Kootenai Counties, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:22","indexId":"sir20075038","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5038","title":"Assessment of Areal Recharge to the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer, Spokane County, Washington, and Bonner and Kootenai Counties, Idaho","docAbstract":"A numerical flow model of the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie aquifer currently (2007) being developed requires the input of values for areally-distributed recharge, a parameter that is often the most uncertain component of water budgets and ground-water flow models because it is virtually impossible to measure over large areas. Data from six active weather stations in and near the study area were used in four recharge-calculation techniques or approaches; the Langbein method, in which recharge is estimated on the basis of empirical data from other basins; a method developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), in which crop consumptive use and effective precipitation are first calculated and then subtracted from actual precipitation to yield an estimate of recharge; an approach developed as part of the Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer Model (ESPAM) Enhancement Project in which recharge is calculated on the basis of precipitation-recharge relations from other basins; and an approach in which reference evapotranspiration is calculated by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Penman-Monteith equation, crop consumptive use is determined (using a single or dual coefficient approach), and recharge is calculated.\r\n\r\nAnnual recharge calculated by the Langbein method for the six weather stations was 4 percent of annual mean precipitation, yielding the lowest values of the methods discussed in this report, however, the Langbein method can be only applied to annual time periods. Mean monthly recharge calculated by the USDA method ranged from 53 to 73 percent of mean monthly precipitation. Mean annual recharge ranged from 64 to 69 percent of mean annual precipitation. Separate mean monthly recharge calculations were made with the ESPAM method using initial input parameters to represent thin-soil, thick-soil, and lava-rock conditions. The lava-rock parameters yielded the highest recharge values and the thick-soil parameters the lowest. For thin-soil parameters, calculated monthly recharge ranged from 10 to 29 percent of mean monthly precipitation and annual recharge ranged from 16 to 23 percent of mean annual precipitation. For thick-soil parameters, calculated monthly recharge ranged from 1 to 5 percent of mean monthly precipitation and mean annual recharge ranged from 2 to 4 percent of mean annual precipitation. For lava-rock parameters, calculated mean monthly recharge ranged from 37 to 57 percent of mean monthly precipitation and mean annual recharge ranged from 45 to 52 percent of mean annual precipitation.\r\n\r\nSingle-coefficient (crop coefficient) FAO Penman-Monteith mean monthly recharge values were calculated for Spokane Weather Service Office (WSO) Airport, the only station for which the necessary meteorological data were available. Grass-referenced values of mean monthly recharge ranged from 0 to 81 percent of mean monthly precipitation and mean annual recharge was 21 percent of mean annual precipitation; alfalfa-referenced values of mean monthly recharge ranged from 0 to 85 percent of mean monthly precipitation and mean annual recharge was 24 percent of mean annual precipitation. Single-coefficient FAO Penman-Monteith calculations yielded a mean monthly recharge of zero during the eight warmest and driest months of the year (March-October).\r\n\r\nIn order to refine the mean monthly recharge estimates, dual-coefficient (basal crop and soil evaporation coefficients) FAO Penman-Monteith dual-crop evapotranspiration and deep-percolation calculations were applied to daily values from the Spokane WSO Airport for January 1990 through December 2005. The resultant monthly totals display a temporal variability that is absent from the mean monthly values and demonstrate that the daily amount and timing of precipitation dramatically affect calculated recharge. The dual-coefficient FAO Penman-Monteith calculations were made for the remaining five stations using wind-speed values for Spokane WSO Airport and other assumptions regarding ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20075038","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Water Resources and the Washington State Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Bartolino, J.R., 2007, Assessment of Areal Recharge to the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer, Spokane County, Washington, and Bonner and Kootenai Counties, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5038, vi, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075038.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9480,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5038/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6729a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartolino, James R. 0000-0002-2166-7803 jrbartol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2166-7803","contributorId":2548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartolino","given":"James","email":"jrbartol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79786,"text":"ofr20071056 - 2007 - Data collected to support monitoring of constructed emergent sandbar habitat on the Missouri River downstream from Gavins Point Dam, South Dakota and Nebraska, 2004-06","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-09T16:52:07.608346","indexId":"ofr20071056","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1056","title":"Data collected to support monitoring of constructed emergent sandbar habitat on the Missouri River downstream from Gavins Point Dam, South Dakota and Nebraska, 2004-06","docAbstract":"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has constructed emergent sandbar habitat on sections of the Missouri River bordering South Dakota and Nebraska downstream from Gavins Point Dam to create and enhance habitat for threatened and endangered bird species. Two areas near river miles 761.3 and 769.8 were selected for construction of emergent sandbar habitat. Pre- and postconstruction data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, to evaluate the success of the habitat management techniques. Data collected include pre- and postconstruction channel-geometry data (bathymetric and topographic) for areas upstream from, downstream from, and within each construction site. Water-velocity data were collected for selected parts of the site near river mile 769.8. Instruments and methods used in data collection, as well as quality-assurance and quality-control measures, are described. Geospatial channel-geometry data are presented for transects of the river channel as cross sections and as geographical information system shapefiles. Geospatial land-surface elevation data are provided for part of each site in the form of a color-shaded relief map. Geospatial water-velocity data also are provided as color-shaded maps and geographical information system shapefiles.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.F., Johnson, M., and Andersen, M.J., 2007, Data collected to support monitoring of constructed emergent sandbar habitat on the Missouri River downstream from Gavins Point Dam, South Dakota and Nebraska, 2004-06: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1056, viii, 179 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071056.","productDescription":"viii, 179 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9476,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1056/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194901,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Gavins Point Dam, Missouri River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67ca57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Ryan F. 0000-0002-4544-6108 rcthomps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4544-6108","contributorId":2702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ryan","email":"rcthomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andersen, Michael J. 0009-0006-5600-6032 mjanders@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5600-6032","contributorId":1442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"Michael","email":"mjanders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79799,"text":"fs20073003 - 2007 - U.S. Geological Survey Ground-Water Climate Response Network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:06","indexId":"fs20073003","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3003","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Ground-Water Climate Response Network","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey serves the Nation by providing reliable hydrologic information used by others to manage the Nation's water resources.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) measures more than 20,000 wells each year for a variety of objectives as part of Federal programs and in cooperation with State and local agencies. Water-level data are collected using consistent data-collection and quality-control methods. A small subset of these wells meets the criteria necessary to be included in a 'Climate Response Network' of wells designed to illustrate the response of the ground-water system to climate variations nationwide.\r\n\r\nThe primary purpose of the Climate Response Network is to portray the effect of climate on ground-water levels in unconfined aquifers or near-surface confined aquifers that are minimally affected by pumping or other anthropogenic stresses. The Climate Response Network Web site (http://groundwaterwatch.usgs.gov/) is the official USGS Web site for illustrating current ground-water conditions in the United States and Puerto Rico.\r\n\r\nThe Climate Response Network Web pages provide information on ground-water conditions at a variety of scales. A national map provides a broad overview of water-table conditions across the Nation. State maps provide a more local picture of ground-water conditions. Site pages provide the details about a specific well.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073003","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007, U.S. Geological Survey Ground-Water Climate Response Network: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3003, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073003.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3003.jpg"},{"id":9489,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3003/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db613594","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79797,"text":"ofr20051346 - 2007 - Geologic framework studies of South Carolina's Long Bay from Little River Inlet to Winyah Bay, 1999-2003: Geospatial data release","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-14T15:47:36.073923","indexId":"ofr20051346","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1346","title":"Geologic framework studies of South Carolina's Long Bay from Little River Inlet to Winyah Bay, 1999-2003: Geospatial data release","docAbstract":"The northern South Carolina coast is a heavily developed region that supports a thriving tourism industry, large local populations and extensive infrastructure (Figure 1). The economic stability of the region is closely tied to the health of its beaches: primarily in providing support for local tourism and protection from storm events. Despite relatively low long-term shoreline erosion rates, and the implied stability of the beaches, the economic impact of storm events to coastal communities has been costly. For example, Hurricane Hugo made landfall on the central South Carolina coast in 1989. High winds and storm surge inflicted roughly $6 billion in property loss and damages, and Hugo remains the costliest storm event in South Carolina history. Localized erosion, commonly occurring around tidal inlets and erosion \"hot spots\", has also proved costly. Construction and maintenance of hard structures and beach nourishment, designed to mitigate the effects of erosion, have become annual or multi-annual expenditures. Providing a better understanding of the physical processes controlling coastal erosion and shoreline change will allow for more effective management of coastal resources.
In 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in partnership with the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium (SCSGC), began a study to investigate inner continental shelf and shoreface processes. The objectives of the USGS/SCSGC cooperative program are: 1) to provide a regional synthesis of the shallow geologic framework underlying the shoreface and inner continental shelf, and to define its role in coastal evolution and modern beach behavior; 2) to identify and model the physical processes affecting coastal ocean circulation and sediment transport, and to define their role in shaping the modern shoreline; and 3) to identify sediment sources and transport pathways in order to develop a regional sediment budget.
This report contains the geospatial data used to define the geologic framework offshore of the northern South Carolina coast. The digital data presented herein accompany USGS Open-File Reports OFR 2004-1013 and OFR 2005-1345, describing the stratigraphic framework and modern sediment distribution within Long Bay, respectively. Direct on-line links to these publications are available within 'References' on the navigation bar to the left. Additional links to other publications and web sites are also available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051346","usgsCitation":"Baldwin, W.E., Denny, J.F., Schwab, W.C., Gayes, P., Morton, R., and Driscoll, N.W., 2007, Geologic framework studies of South Carolina's Long Bay from Little River Inlet to Winyah Bay, 1999-2003: Geospatial data release: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1346, iv, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051346.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292637,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1346/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"310 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":9487,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1346/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":414660,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81181.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192271,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1346/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Little River Inlet, Long Bay, Winyah Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.56161016403217,\n 33.8416676065856\n ],\n [\n -78.66435873645273,\n 33.816264761685815\n ],\n [\n -78.7793392817811,\n 33.765436434888954\n ],\n [\n -78.94080132415749,\n 33.64332542273374\n ],\n [\n -79.04721948845037,\n 33.52104097264089\n ],\n [\n -79.12183452318465,\n 33.44350458955091\n ],\n [\n -79.15608404732542,\n 33.34137736780946\n ],\n [\n -79.18544078230246,\n 33.23503786456983\n ],\n [\n -79.17711245729268,\n 33.17956116022201\n ],\n [\n -79.06063965281108,\n 33.16538066315526\n ],\n [\n -78.99499134483041,\n 33.32300938270991\n ],\n [\n -78.66674980492712,\n 33.68324079343637\n ],\n [\n -78.50368787865216,\n 33.778344870169946\n ],\n [\n -78.56161016403217,\n 33.8416676065856\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a86e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldwin, W. E.","contributorId":47034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denny, J. F.","contributorId":13653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gayes, P. T.","contributorId":108143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gayes","given":"P. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morton, R.","contributorId":38242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Driscoll, N. W.","contributorId":41093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":79796,"text":"sir20065294 - 2007 - Vertical gradients in water chemistry and age in the Northern High Plains Aquifer, Nebraska, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-27T06:33:08","indexId":"sir20065294","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5294","title":"Vertical gradients in water chemistry and age in the Northern High Plains Aquifer, Nebraska, 2003","docAbstract":"The northern High Plains aquifer is the primary source of water used for domestic, industrial, and irrigation purposes in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wyoming. Despite the aquifer’s importance to the regional economy, fundamental ground-water characteristics, such as vertical gradients in water chemistry and age, remain poorly defined. As part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water-Quality Assessment Program, water samples from nested, short-screen monitoring wells installed in the northern High Plains aquifer were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, trace elements, dissolved organic carbon, pesticides, stable and radioactive isotopes, dissolved gases, and other parameters to evaluate vertical gradients in water chemistry and age in the aquifer. Chemical data and tritium and radiocarbon ages show that water in the aquifer was chemically and temporally stratified in the study area, with a relatively thin zone of recently recharged water (less than 50 years) near the water table overlying a thicker zone of older water (1,800 to 15,600 radiocarbon years). In areas where irrigated agriculture was an important land use, the recently recharged ground water was characterized by elevated concentrations of major ions and nitrate and the detection of pesticide compounds. Below the zone of agricultural influence, major-ion concentrations exhibited small increases with depth and distance along flow paths because of rock/water interactions. The concentration increases were accounted for primarily by dissolved calcium, sodium, bicarbonate, sulfate, and silica. In general, the chemistry of ground water throughout the aquifer was of high quality. None of the approximately 90 chemical constituents analyzed in each sample exceeded primary drinking-water standards.
Mass-balance models indicate that changes in groundwater chemistry along flow paths in the aquifer can be accounted for by small amounts of feldspar and calcite dissolution; goethite and clay-mineral precipitation; organic-carbon and pyrite oxidation; oxygen reduction and denitrification; and cation exchange. Mixing with surface water affected the chemistry of ground water in alluvial sediments of the Platte River Valley. Radiocarbon ages in the aquifer, adjusted for carbon mass transfers, ranged from 1,800 to 15,600 14C years before present. These results have important implications with respect to development of ground-water resources in the Sand Hills. Most of the water in the aquifer predates modern anthropogenic activity so excessive removal of water by pumping is not likely to be replenished by natural recharge in a meaningful timeframe. Vertical gradients in ground-water age were used to estimate long-term average recharge rates in the aquifer. In most areas, the recharge rates ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 foot per year. The recharge rate was 0.2 foot per year in one part of the aquifer characterized by large downward hydraulic gradients.
Nitrite plus nitrate concentrations at the water table were 0.13 to 3.13 milligrams per liter as nitrogen, and concentrations substantially decreased with depth in the aquifer. Dissolved-gas and nitrogen-isotope data indicate that denitrification in the aquifer removed 0 to 97 percent (average = 50 percent) of the nitrate originally present in recharge. The average amount of nitrate removed by denitrification in the aquifer north of the Platte River (Sand Hills) was substantially greater than the amount removed south of the river (66 as opposed to 0 percent), and the extent of nitrate removal appears to be related to the presence of thick deposits of sediment on top of the Ogallala Group in the Sand Hills that contained electron donors, such as organic carbon and pyrite, to support denitrification.
Apparent rates of dissolved-oxygen reduction and denitrification were estimated on the basis of decreases in dissolved-oxygen concentrations and increases in concentrations of excess nitrogen gas and ground-water ages along flow paths from the water table to deeper wells. Median rates of dissolved-oxygen reduction and denitrification south of the Platte River were at least 10 times smaller than the median rates north of the river in the Sand Hills. The relatively large denitrification rates in the Sand Hills indicate that the aquifer in that area may have a greater capacity to attenuate nitrate contamination than the aquifer south of the river, depending on rates of ground-water movement in the two areas. Small denitrification rates south of the river indicate that nitrate contamination in that part of the aquifer would likely persist for a longer period of time.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065294","isbn":"1411317734","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., Böhlke, J., and Carney, C.P., 2007, Vertical gradients in water chemistry and age in the Northern High Plains Aquifer, Nebraska, 2003 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5294, vii, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065294.","productDescription":"vii, 58 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2006_5294.jpg"},{"id":342018,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5294/pdf/sir06-5294_508.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.5 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P.","contributorId":100084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carney","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79784,"text":"sir20075034 - 2007 - Water-balance model of a wetland on the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-24T22:40:45.809061","indexId":"sir20075034","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5034","title":"Water-balance model of a wetland on the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota","docAbstract":"A numerical water-balance model was developed to simulate the responses of a wetland on the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota, to historical and possible extreme hydrological inputs and to changes in hydrological inputs that might occur if a proposed refinery is built on the reservation. Results from model simulations indicated that the study wetland would likely contain water during most historical and extreme-precipitation events with the addition of maximum potential discharges of 0.6 acre-foot per day from proposed refinery holding ponds. Extended periods with little precipitation and above-normal temperatures may result in the wetland becoming nearly dry, especially if potential holding-pond discharges are near zero. Daily simulations based on the historical-enhanced climate data set for May and June 2005, which included holding-pond discharges of 0.6 acre-foot per day, indicated that the study-wetland maximum simulated water volume was about 16.2 acre-feet and the maximum simulated water level was about 1.2 feet at the outlet culvert. Daily simulations based on the extreme summer data set, created to represent an extreme event with excessive June precipitation and holding-pond discharges of 0.6 acre-foot per day, indicated that the study-wetland maximum simulated water volume was about 38.6 acre-feet and the maximum simulated water level was about 2.6 feet at the outlet culvert. A simulation performed using the extreme winter climate data set and an outlet culvert blocked with snow and ice resulted in the greatest simulated wetland water volume of about 132 acre-feet and the greatest simulated water level, which would have been about 6.2 feet at the outlet culvert, but water was not likely to overflow an adjacent highway.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075034","usgsCitation":"Vining, K.C., 2007, Water-balance model of a wetland on the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5034, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075034.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5034.jpg"},{"id":392122,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81157.htm"},{"id":9470,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5034/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Fort Berthold Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.8917,\n 47.9667\n ],\n [\n -101.8542,\n 47.9667\n ],\n [\n -101.8542,\n 47.9972\n ],\n [\n -101.8917,\n 47.9972\n ],\n [\n -101.8917,\n 47.9667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db545de5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vining, Kevin C. 0000-0001-5738-3872 kcvining@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5738-3872","contributorId":308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vining","given":"Kevin","email":"kcvining@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70068753,"text":"ofr20071047SRP005 - 2007 - Cenozoic environmental changes along the East Antarctic continental margin inferred from regional seismic stratigraphy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-13T11:46:15","indexId":"ofr20071047SRP005","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-08T11:32:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1047-SRP-005","title":"Cenozoic environmental changes along the East Antarctic continental margin inferred from regional seismic stratigraphy","docAbstract":"We interpret ~40,000 km of multichannelseismic reflection lines collected by the Russian Antarctic Expedition along the East Antarctic continental margin between 32° E and 115°\nE, and present a revised seismic stratigraphic model for depositional paleoenvironments of the region. Variations in acoustic facies characteristics \nobserved across major seismic horizons are correlated with paleoenvironmental changes deciphered from Antarctic \ndrilling data and deep-sea “proxy” records. Our results, as well as otherstudies, indicate that the East Antarctic margin\nwas glaciated at different times. Glacial ice first reached the western Wilkes Land margin in the Middle Eocene and\nthen advanced onto most parts ofthe East Antarctic continentalshelf during the earliest Oligocene. During the\nNeogene, bottom currents deposited a variety of drift deposits along the margin","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World--Online Proceedings for the Tenth International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences. Santa Barbara, California, U.S.A.--August 26 to September 1, 2007","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071047SRP005","usgsCitation":"Leitchenkov, G., Guseva, Y., and Gandyukhin, V., 2007, Cenozoic environmental changes along the East Antarctic continental margin inferred from regional seismic stratigraphy: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1047-SRP-005, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071047SRP005.","productDescription":"4 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":280873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071047SRP005.JPG"},{"id":280872,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1047/srp/srp005/of2007-1047srp005.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd505be4b0b290850f349a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leitchenkov, G.L.","contributorId":70126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leitchenkov","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guseva, Y.B.","contributorId":103808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guseva","given":"Y.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gandyukhin, V.V.","contributorId":35081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gandyukhin","given":"V.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79777,"text":"ofr20071041 - 2007 - Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona— 2005-06","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-30T22:08:40.580533","indexId":"ofr20071041","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1041","title":"Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona— 2005-06","docAbstract":"The N aquifer is the major source of water in the 5,400 square-mile Black Mesa area in northeastern Arizona. Availability of water is an important issue in northeastern Arizona because of continued water requirements for industrial and municipal use and the needs of a growing population. Precipitation in the Black Mesa area averages about 6 to 14 inches per year. \r\n\r\nThe water monitoring program in the Black Mesa area began in 1971 and is designed to provide information about the long-term effects of ground-water withdrawals from the N aquifer for industrial and municipal uses. This report presents results of data collected for the monitoring program in the Black Mesa area from January 2005 to September 2006. The monitoring program includes measurements of (1) ground-water pumping, (2) ground-water levels, (3) spring discharge, (4) surface-water discharge, (5) ground-water chemistry, and (6) periodic testing of ground-water withdrawal meters. \r\n\r\nIn 2005, ground-water withdrawals in the Black Mesa area totaled 7,330 acre-feet, including ground-water withdrawals for industrial (4,480 acre-feet) and municipal (2,850 acre-feet) uses. From 2004 to 2005, total withdrawals increased by less than 2 percent, industrial withdrawals increased by approximately 3 percent, and total municipal withdrawals increased by 0.35 percent. \r\n\r\nFrom 2005 to 2006, annually measured water levels in the Black Mesa area declined in 10 of 13 wells in the unconfined areas of the N aquifer, and the median change was -0.5 foot. Measurements indicated that water levels declined in 12 of 15 wells in the confined area of the aquifer, and the median change was -1.4 feet. From the prestress period (prior to 1965) to 2006, the median water-level change for 29 wells was -8.5 feet. Median water-level changes were -0.2 foot for 13 wells in the unconfined areas and -46.6 feet for 16 wells in the confined area. \r\n\r\nGround-water discharges were measured once in 2005 and once in 2006 at Moenkopi School Spring and Burro Spring. Discharge decreased by 3.5 percent at Moenkopi School Spring and by 15 percent at Burro Spring. During the period of record at each spring, discharges fluctuated; a decreasing trend was apparent. \r\n\r\nContinuous records of surface-water discharge in the Black Mesa area have been collected from streamflow gages at the following sites: Moenkopi Wash (1976 to 2005), Dinnebito Wash (1993 to 2005), Polacca Wash (1994 to 2005), Pasture Canyon Spring (August 2004 to December 2005), and Laguna Creek (1996 to 2005). Median flows during November, December, January, and February of each water year were used as an index of the amount of ground-water discharge to the above named sites. For the period of record at each streamflow-gaging station, the median winter flows have decreased for Moenkopi Wash, Dinnebito Wash, and Polacca Wash. There is not a long enough period of record for Pasture Canyon Spring and Laguna Creek was discontinued at the end of December 2005. \r\n\r\nIn 2006, water samples were collected from 6 wells and 2 springs in the Black Mesa area and analyzed for selected chemical constituents. Dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 111 to 588 milligrams per liter. Water samples from 5 of the wells and both of the springs had less than 500 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids. Trends in the chemistry of water samples from the 6 wells show the Pi?on NTUA 1 and Peabody 9 wells increasing in dissolved solids, Forest Lake NTUA 1 and Peabody 2 wells decreasing in dissolved solids, and Kykotsmovi PM2 and Keams Canyon PM2 wells show a steady trend. Increasing trends in dissolved-solids, chloride, and sulfate concentrations were evident from the more than 11 years of data for the 2 springs.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071041","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Arizona Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Truini, M., and Macy, J.P., 2007, Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona— 2005-06 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1041, vi, 42 p, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071041.","productDescription":"vi, 42 p","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9465,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1041/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":388254,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81107.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Mesa area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.0,\n 35.6056\n ],\n [\n -109.7375,\n 35.6056\n ],\n [\n -109.7375,\n 36.7958\n ],\n [\n -111.0,\n 36.7958\n ],\n [\n -111.0,\n 35.6056\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d4e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Truini, Margot mtruini@usgs.gov","contributorId":599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truini","given":"Margot","email":"mtruini@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macy, J. P.","contributorId":41913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79775,"text":"ofr20071097 - 2007 - Yellow-Billed Cuckoo Distribution, Abundance, and Habitat Use Along the Lower Colorado and Tributaries, 2006 Annual Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:13","indexId":"ofr20071097","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1097","title":"Yellow-Billed Cuckoo Distribution, Abundance, and Habitat Use Along the Lower Colorado and Tributaries, 2006 Annual Report","docAbstract":"Executive Summary\r\n\r\nThis 2006 annual report details the first season of a 2-year study documenting western yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus occidentalis) distribution, abundance, and habitat use throughout the Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Plan boundary area. We conducted cuckoo surveys at 55 sites within 17 areas, between 11 June and 13 September. The 243 visits across all sites yielded 180 yellow-billed cuckoo detections. Cuckoos were detected at 27 of the 55 sites, primarily at the Bill Williams River National Wildlife Refuge AZ sites (n = 117 detections) and the Grand Canyon National Park-Lake Mead National Recreation Area AZ delta sites (n = 29 detections). There were also cuckoos at the Gila River-Colorado River Confluence, AZ (n = 9), Overton Wildlife Management, NV area (n = 7), and Limitrophe Division North, AZ (n = 6); however, at these sites the numbers were much lower and very few of these birds were considered to be paired or breeding. The greatest number of detections (n = 79) occurred during the second survey period (3-23 July). In 2006, we confirmed five breeding events, including one nesting observation and sightings of four juveniles; all confirmed breeding was at the Bill Williams River NWR and Grand Canyon NP-Lake Mead NRA delta sites. The breeding status of most of our detections were unknown, however, we observed 17 adult cuckoos carrying nest material or food and 40 cuckoo detections were detected while counter-calling occurred in same area during repeated surveys. \r\n\r\nWe used playback recordings to survey for western yellow-billed cuckoos. Compared to simple point counts or surveys, this method increases the number of detections of this secretive, elusive species. It has long been suspected that cuckoos have a fairly low response rate, and that the standard survey method of using playback recordings may fail to detect all birds present in an area. In 2006, we found that the majority (72%) of cuckoo detections were solicited through playback at all study sites. The number of solicited detections peaked during the first half of July and then declined as the breeding season progressed, while the number of unsolicited detections (cuckoos heard calling before playback was initiated) remained fairly constant. The majority (64%) of cuckoo detections, solicited or unsolicited, were aural; 27 percent were both heard and seen and nine percent were visual detections only. Cuckoos in areas with the largest populations had the highest rate of vocalizations before playback or after the first broadcast. In contrast, more than half the responses at sites with fewer cuckoos (with < 10 detections per site) first occurred after three or more playback recordings. This type of baseline information will be used to help refine the survey protocol for 2007, and to create hypotheses that can serve as the foundation for a full-scale evaluation and optimization of this survey technique. \r\n\r\nOur preliminary analysis of vegetation data from occupied and unoccupied sites in 2006 focused on general patterns in the distribution and abundance of woody species. The density and composition of woody riparian vegetation varied considerably among the study areas. Much of the variation in tree density was due to the patterns of abundance of trees in the smallest size class (< 8 cm dbh). The dominant tree species at the cuckoo survey sites were cottonwood, willow, and tamarisk. Tamarisk was the most common tree, due to the abundance of small (< 8 cm dbh) individuals. When occupied and unoccupied sites were compared, occupied sites tended to have higher average canopy cover, attributable to higher average cover of the mid and low canopy. The dominant canopy at occupied sites most often consisted of cottonwood or willow trees. In addition, occupied sites in most areas had lower than average total tree density whereas unoccupied sites were denser than average. When densities of trees in different size classes were com","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071097","usgsCitation":"Johnson, M.J., Holmes, J., Calvo, C., Samuels, I., Krantz, S., and Sogge, M.K., 2007, Yellow-Billed Cuckoo Distribution, Abundance, and Habitat Use Along the Lower Colorado and Tributaries, 2006 Annual Report (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1097, ix, 210 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071097.","productDescription":"ix, 210 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9463,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1097/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":190773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ade4b07f02db5c75c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Matthew J. mjjohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Matthew","email":"mjjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27989,"text":"Colorado Plateau Research Station, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":290794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holmes, Jennifer A.","contributorId":86437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Jennifer A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calvo, Christopher","contributorId":58721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvo","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Samuels, Ivan","contributorId":63887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuels","given":"Ivan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krantz, Stefani","contributorId":19638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krantz","given":"Stefani","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sogge, Mark K. 0000-0002-8337-5689 mark_sogge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-5689","contributorId":3710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sogge","given":"Mark","email":"mark_sogge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":79780,"text":"sir20065281 - 2007 - Hydrogeology, Ground-Water-Age Dating, Water Quality, and Vulnerability of Ground Water to Contamination in a Part of the Whitewater Valley Aquifer System near Richmond, Indiana, 2002-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T10:16:06","indexId":"sir20065281","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5281","title":"Hydrogeology, Ground-Water-Age Dating, Water Quality, and Vulnerability of Ground Water to Contamination in a Part of the Whitewater Valley Aquifer System near Richmond, Indiana, 2002-2003","docAbstract":"Assessments of the vulnerability to contamination of ground-water sources used by public-water systems, as mandated by the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996, commonly have involved qualitative evaluations based on existing information on the geologic and hydrologic setting. The U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program has identified ground-water-age dating; detailed water-quality analyses of nitrate, pesticides, trace elements, and wastewater-related organic compounds; and assessed natural processes that affect those constituents as potential, unique improvements to existing methods of qualitative vulnerability assessment. To evaluate the improvement from use of these methods, in 2002 and 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Richmond, Indiana, compiled and interpreted hydrogeologic data and chemical analyses of water samples from seven wells in a part of the Whitewater Valley aquifer system in a former glacial valley near Richmond. This study investigated the application of ground-water-age dating, dissolved-gas analyses, and detailed water-quality analyses to quantitatively evaluate the vulnerability of ground water to contamination and to identify processes that affect the vulnerability to specific contaminants in an area of post-1972 greenfield development.
\nThe aquifer system in the study area includes an unconfined sand and gravel aquifer used for public-water supply (upper aquifer) and a confined sand and gravel aquifer (lower aquifer) separated by a till confining unit. Several hydrogeologic and cultural measures indicate that the upper aquifer is qualitatively vulnerable to contamination: the upper aquifer is unconfined and has a shallow depth to the water table (from about 4.75 to 14 feet below land surface), low-permeability sediments in the unsaturated zone are thin (less than 10 feet thick), estimated ground-water-flow rates through the upper aquifer are relatively rapid (the highest estimated rates ranged from 0.44 to about 5.0 feet per day), and potential contaminant sources were present.
\nGround-water-age dates indicate that ground-water samples represented recharge from about the time greenfield development began south of the ground-water-flow divide and that changes in water quality would lag changes in contaminant inputs. Estimates of ground-water age, computed with dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) and trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113) concentrations in water samples collected from seven observation wells in February and March 2003, indicated that water in the upper aquifer had recharged within about 13 to 30 years before sampling. Ground-water ages were youngest (from about 13 to 15 years since recharge) in water from the shallow wells along the glacial-valley margin and oldest (30 years) in water from a well at the base of the aquifer in the valley center. Ground-water ages determined for the shallow wells may be affected by mixing of recent recharge with older ground water from deeper in the aquifer, as indicated by upward hydraulic gradients between paired shallow and deep wells in the upper aquifer. Other parts of the Whitewater Valley aquifer system with similar hydrogeologic characteristics could be expected to have similarly young ground-water ages and residence times.
\nAnalyses of water samples collected from the seven observation wells in August and September 2002 indicated that concentrations of chloride, sodium, and nitrate generally were larger in ground water from the upper aquifer than in other parts of the Whitewater Valley aquifer system. Drinking-water-quality standards for Indiana were exceeded in water samples from one well for chloride concentrations, from four wells for dissolved-solids concentrations, and from one well for nitrate concentrations. Application of low-level methods for trace-element analyses determined that concentrations of aluminum, cobalt, iron, lithium, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, uranium, vanadium, and zinc were less than or equal to 8 micrograms per liter; concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and copper were less than or equal to 1 microgram per liter. Application of low-level analytical methods to water samples enabled the detection of several pesticides and volatile, semivolatile, and wastewater-related organic compounds; concentrations of individual pesticides and volatile organic compounds were less than 0.1 microgram per liter and concentrations of individual wastewater organic compounds were less than 0.5 microgram per liter. The low-level analytical methods will provide useful data with which to compare future changes in water quality.
\nResults of detailed water-quality analyses, ground-waterage dating, and dissolved-gas analyses indicated the vulnerability of ground water to specific types of contamination, the sequence of contaminant introduction to the aquifer relative to greenfield development, and processes that may mitigate the contamination. Concentrations of chloride and sodium and chloride/bromide weight ratios in sampled water from five wells indicated the vulnerability of the upper aquifer to roaddeicer contamination. Ground-water-age estimates from these wells indicated the onset of upgradient road-deicer use within the previous 25 years. Nitrate in the upper aquifer predates the post-1972 development, based on a ground-water-age date (30 years) and the nitrate concentration (5.12 milligrams per liter as nitrogen) in water from a deep well. Vulnerability of the aquifer to nitrate contamination is limited partially by denitrification. Detection of one to four atrazine transformation products in water samples from the upper aquifer indicated biological and hydrochemical processes that may limit the vulnerability of the ground water to atrazine contamination. Microbial processes also may limit the aquifer vulnerability to small inputs of halogenated aliphatic compounds, as indicated by microbial transformations of trichlorofluoromethane and trichlorotrifluoroethane relative to dichlorodifluoromethane. The vulnerability of ground water to contamination in other parts of the aquifer system also may be mitigated by hydrodynamic dispersion and biologically mediated transformations of nitrate, pesticides, and some organic compounds. Identification of the sequence of contamination and processes affecting the vulnerability of ground water to contamination would have been unlikely with conventional assessment methods.
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