Seed dispersal by birds is central to the passive restoration of many tree communities. Reintroduction of extinct seed dispersers can therefore restore degraded forests and woodlands. To test this, we constructed a spatially explicit simulation model, parameterized with field data, to consider the effect of different seed dispersal scenarios on the extent of oak populations. We applied the model to two islands in California's Channel Islands National Park (USA), one of which has lost a key seed disperser.
We used an ensemble modelling approach to simulate island scrub oak (Quercus pacifica) demography. The model was developed and trained to recreate known population changes over a 20-year period on 250-km2 Santa Cruz Island, and incorporated acorn dispersal by island scrub-jays (Aphelocoma insularis), deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and gravity, as well as seed predation. We applied the trained model to 215-km2 Santa Rosa Island to examine how reintroducing island scrub-jays would affect the rate and pattern of oak population expansion. Oak habitat on Santa Rosa Island has been greatly reduced from its historical extent due to past grazing by introduced ungulates, the last of which were removed by 2011.
Our simulation model predicts that a seed dispersal scenario including island scrub-jays would increase the extent of the island scrub oak population on Santa Rosa Island by 281% over 100 years, and by 544% over 200 years. Scenarios without jays would result in little expansion. Simulated long-distance seed dispersal by jays also facilitates establishment of discontinuous patches of oaks, and increases their elevational distribution.
Synthesis and applications. Scenario planning provides powerful decision support for conservation managers. We used ensemble modelling of plant demographic and seed dispersal processes to investigate whether the reintroduction of seed dispersers could provide cost-effective means of achieving broader ecosystem restoration goals on California's second-largest island. The simulation model, extensively parameterized with field data, suggests that re-establishing the mutualism with seed-hoarding jays would accelerate the expansion of island scrub oak, which could benefit myriad species of conservation concern.
Subsurface storage of sulfate salts allows closed-basin wetlands in the semiarid Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America to maintain moderate surface water salinity (total dissolved solids [TDS] from 1 to 10 g L−1), which provides critical habitat for communities of aquatic biota. However, it is unclear how the salinity of wetland ponds will respond to a recent shift in mid-continental climate to wetter conditions. To understand better the mechanisms that control surface-subsurface salinity exchanges during regional dry-wet climate cycles, we made a detailed geoelectrical study of a closed-basin prairie wetland (P1 in the Cottonwood Lake Study Area, North Dakota) that is currently experiencing record wet conditions. We found saline lenses of sulfate-rich porewater (TDS > 10 g L−1) contained in fine-grained wetland sediments 2–4 m beneath the bathymetric low of the wetland and within the currently ponded area along the shoreline of a prior pond stand (c. 1983). During the most recent drought (1988–1993), the wetland switched from a groundwater discharge to recharge function, allowing salts dissolved in surface runoff to move into wetland sediments beneath the bathymetric low of the basin. However, groundwater levels during this time did not decline to the elevation of the saline lenses, suggesting these features formed during more extended paleo-droughts and are stable in the subsurface on at least centennial timescales. We hypothesize a “drought-induced recharge” mechanism that allows wetland ponds to maintain moderate salinity under semiarid climate. Discharge of drought-derived saline groundwater has the potential to increase the salinity of wetland ponds during wet climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.12.005","usgsCitation":"Levy, Z.F., Rosenberry, D.O., Moucha, R., Mushet, D.M., Goldhaber, M.B., LaBaugh, J.W., Fiorentino, A.J., and Siegel, D.I., 2018, Drought-induced recharge promotes long-term storage of porewater salinity beneath a prairie wetland: Journal of Hydrology, v. 557, p. 391-409, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.12.005.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"391","endPage":"409","ipdsId":"IP-086339","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.12.005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382739,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood Lake Study Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.69725036621094,\n 47.848187594394815\n ],\n [\n -100.64849853515625,\n 47.848187594394815\n ],\n [\n -100.64849853515625,\n 47.884348247770006\n ],\n [\n -100.69725036621094,\n 47.884348247770006\n ],\n [\n -100.69725036621094,\n 47.848187594394815\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"557","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levy, Zeno F","contributorId":248464,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levy","given":"Zeno","email":"","middleInitial":"F","affiliations":[{"id":5082,"text":"Syracuse University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moucha, Robert","contributorId":173102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moucha","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5082,"text":"Syracuse University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mushet, David M. 0000-0002-5910-2744 dmushet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":1299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"David","email":"dmushet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goldhaber, Martin B. 0000-0002-1785-4243 mgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":1339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"Martin","email":"mgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"LaBaugh, James W. 0000-0002-4112-2536 jlabaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4112-2536","contributorId":1311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBaugh","given":"James","email":"jlabaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fiorentino, Anthony J","contributorId":248465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fiorentino","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":5082,"text":"Syracuse University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Siegel, Donald I.","contributorId":178130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siegel","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70216707,"text":"70216707 - 2018 - Dual-phase mass balance modeling of small mineral particle losses from sedimentary rock-derived soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-01T23:49:24.495158","indexId":"70216707","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-06T17:45:04","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dual-phase mass balance modeling of small mineral particle losses from sedimentary rock-derived soils","docAbstract":"Losses of small mineral particles can be a significant physical process that affects the elemental composition of soils derived from sedimentary rocks. Shales, in particular, contain abundant clay-sized minerals that can be mobilized by simple disaggregation, and solutional weathering is limited because the parent rock is composed primarily of recalcitrant minerals previously subjected to continental weathering. Here, the dual-phase mass balance model is employed to quantify losses of small mineral particles as water dispersible colloids (WDCs) from three previously studied soil profiles along a hill slope at the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory (SSHO). WDCs were isolated from soil in the laboratory to determine their mineralogical and elemental compositions. Clay minerals dominated WDCs, including illite, vermiculite, and chlorite inherited from the parent shale, along with neoformed kaolinite. Quartz present in bulk soil was generally excluded from WDCs. Elements of low solubility and/or bound in recalcitrant forms, like Rb in illite, were employed in tracer ratios in the dual-phase model. Aluminum, Ga, and Rb were enriched in WDCs, and Zr and Hf were partially excluded. Six different combinations of elements into tracer ratios (Al/Zr, Ga/Zr, Rb/Zr, Al/Hf, Ga/Hf, Rb/Hf) each yielded similar model results. Mass losses of WDCs were large, ranging from − 68 ± 7% to − 15 ± 5% relative to soil parent material in different parts of the profiles. Mass losses via solution were smaller, ranging from − 7 ± 2% to a gain of 6 ± 1% in part of one profile. Losses of WDCs account for > 90% of total mass loss, surpassing chemical dissolution, and therefore dominate the weathering portion of denudation at SSHO. Zirconium concentrations were 97–158 ppm in the generally ≤ 1 μm WDCs, suggesting colloidal, Zr-bearing phases. Model-quantified losses of Zr via WDCs were large, with a median loss of 41% relative to parent material. Such losses indicate systematic underestimates of weathering by traditional mass balance that uses Zr as an index element. Losses of Ca, Mg, and K via WDCs exceeded losses via solution, countering assumptions of base cation losses primarily via mineral dissolution. The results illustrate a geochemical fingerprint of physical weathering and the ability of the dual-phase model to quantify that weathering process.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.11.040","usgsCitation":"Bern, C.R., and Yesavage, T., 2018, Dual-phase mass balance modeling of small mineral particle losses from sedimentary rock-derived soils: Chemical Geology, v. 476, p. 441-455, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.11.040.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"441","endPage":"455","ipdsId":"IP-082614","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380911,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"476","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bern, Carleton R. 0000-0002-8980-1781 cbern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8980-1781","contributorId":201152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bern","given":"Carleton","email":"cbern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yesavage, Tiffany","contributorId":175456,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yesavage","given":"Tiffany","affiliations":[{"id":27571,"text":"USGS volunteer","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70223128,"text":"70223128 - 2018 - The timing and origin of pre- and post-caldera volcanism associated with the Mesa Falls Tuff, Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-11T20:47:46.785575","indexId":"70223128","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-06T15:36:01","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The timing and origin of pre- and post-caldera volcanism associated with the Mesa Falls Tuff, Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field","docAbstract":"We present new sanidine 40Ar/39Ar ages and paleomagnetic data for pre- and post-caldera rhyolites from the second volcanic cycle of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field, which culminated in the caldera-forming eruption of the Mesa Falls Tuff at ca. 1.3 Ma. These data allow for a detailed reconstruction of the eruptive history of the second volcanic cycle and provide new insights into the petrogenesis of rhyolite domes and flows erupted during this time period. 40Ar/39Ar age data for the biotite-bearing Bishop Mountain flow demonstrate that it erupted approximately 150 kyr prior to the Mesa Falls Tuff. Integrating 40Ar/39Ar ages and paleomagnetic data for the post-caldera Island Park rhyolite domes suggests that these five crystal-rich rhyolites erupted over a centuries-long time interval at 1.2905 ± 0.0020 Ma (2σ). The biotite-bearing Moonshine Mountain rhyolite dome was originally thought to be the downfaulted vent dome for the pre-caldera Bishop Mountain flow due to their similar petrographic and oxygen isotope characteristics, but new 40Ar/39Ar dating suggest that it erupted near contemporaneously with the Island Park rhyolite domes at 1.2931 ± 0.0018 Ma (2σ) and is a post-caldera eruption. Despite their similar eruption ages, the Island Park rhyolite domes and the Moonshine Mountain dome are chemically and petrographically distinct and are not derived from the same source. Integrating these new data with field relations and existing geochemical data, we present a petrogenetic model for the formation of the post-Mesa Falls Tuff rhyolites. Renewed influx of basaltic and/or silicic recharge magma into the crust at 1.2905 ± 0.0020 Ma led to [1] the formation of the Island Park rhyolite domes from the source region that earlier produced the Mesa Falls Tuff and [2] the formation of Moonshine Mountain dome from the source region that earlier produced the biotite-bearing Bishop Mountain flow. These magmas were stored in the crust for less than a few thousand years before being erupted contemporaneously along a 30 km long, structurally controlled vent zone related to extracaldera Basin and Range faults. These data highlight the rapidity with which magma can be generated and erupted over large distances at Yellowstone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.12.002","usgsCitation":"Stelten, M.E., Champion, D.E., and Kuntz, M.A., 2018, The timing and origin of pre- and post-caldera volcanism associated with the Mesa Falls Tuff, Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 350, p. 47-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.12.002.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"60","ipdsId":"IP-090651","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469148,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.12.002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MSBGDW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Ar isotope data for pre- and post-caldera rhyolites associated with the Mesa Falls Tuff, Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field"},{"id":387883,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Mesa Falls Tuff, Yellowstone Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.03857421875,\n 43.75919263886012\n ],\n [\n -109.86602783203125,\n 43.75919263886012\n ],\n [\n -109.86602783203125,\n 44.84223815129917\n ],\n [\n -112.03857421875,\n 44.84223815129917\n ],\n [\n -112.03857421875,\n 43.75919263886012\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"350","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stelten, Mark E. 0000-0002-5294-3161 mstelten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5294-3161","contributorId":145923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stelten","given":"Mark","email":"mstelten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Champion, Duane E. 0000-0001-7854-9034 dchamp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-9034","contributorId":2912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"Duane","email":"dchamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuntz, Mel A. 0000-0001-8828-5474","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8828-5474","contributorId":264175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuntz","given":"Mel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37374,"text":"Retired USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70259346,"text":"70259346 - 2018 - Volcano crisis communication: Challenges and solutions in the 21st century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-04T14:58:58.398573","indexId":"70259346","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-06T09:56:19","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Volcano crisis communication: Challenges and solutions in the 21st century","docAbstract":"This volume, Observing the volcano world: volcanic crisis communication, focuses at the point where the ‘rubber hits the road’, where the world of volcano-related sciences and all its uncertainties meet with the complex and ever-changing dynamics of our society, wherever and whenever this may be. Core to the issues addressed in this book is the idea of how volcanic crisis communication operates in practice and in theory. This chapter provides an overview of the evolution of thinking around the importance of volcanic crisis communication over the last century, bringing together studies on relevant case studies. Frequently, the mechanisms by which volcanic crisis communication occurs are via a number of key tools employed including: risk assessment, probabilistic analysis, early-warning systems, all of which assist in the decision-making procedures; that are compounded by ever-changing societal demands and needs. This chapter outlines some of the key challenges faced in managing responses to volcanic eruptions since the start of the 20th century, to explore what has been effective, what lessons have been learnt from key events, and what solutions we can discover. Adopting a holistic approach, this chapter aims to provide a contextual background for the following chapters in the volume that explore many of the elements discussed here in further detail. Finally, we consider the future, as many chapters in this book bring together a wealth of new knowledge that will enable further insights for investigation, experimentation, and development of future volcanic crisis communication.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/11157_2017_28","usgsCitation":"Fearnley, C.J., Winson, A.E., Pallister, J.S., and Tilling, R.I., 2018, Volcano crisis communication: Challenges and solutions in the 21st century, p. 3-21, https://doi.org/10.1007/11157_2017_28.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"21","ipdsId":"IP-086534","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11157_2017_28","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":462604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fearnley, Carina J","contributorId":344924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fearnley","given":"Carina","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":82433,"text":"University College, London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winson, Annie E G","contributorId":344925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winson","given":"Annie","email":"","middleInitial":"E G","affiliations":[{"id":7165,"text":"University of Aberdeen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pallister, John S. 0000-0002-2041-2147 jpallist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2041-2147","contributorId":2024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"John","email":"jpallist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":344926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194586,"text":"70194586 - 2018 - From salmon to shad: Shifting sources of marine-derived nutrients in the Columbia River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-08T10:27:17","indexId":"70194586","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"From salmon to shad: Shifting sources of marine-derived nutrients in the Columbia River Basin","docAbstract":"Like Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), nonnative American shad (Alosa sapidissima) have the potential to convey large quantities of nutrients between the Pacific Ocean and freshwater spawning areas in the Columbia River Basin (CRB). American shad are now the most numerous anadromous fish in the CRB, yet the magnitude of the resulting nutrient flux owing to the shift from salmon to shad is unknown. Nutrient flux models revealed that American shad conveyed over 15,000 kg of nitrogen (N) and 3,000 kg of phosphorus (P) annually to John Day Reservoir, the largest mainstem reservoir in the lower Columbia River. Shad were net importers of N, with juveniles and postspawners exporting just 31% of the N imported by adults. Shad were usually net importers of P, with juveniles and postspawners exporting 46% of the P imported by adults on average. American shad contributed <0.2% of the total annual P load into John Day Reservoir, but during June when most adult shad are migrating into John Day Reservoir, they contributed as much as 2.0% of the P load. Nutrient inputs by American shad were similar to current but far less than historical inputs of Pacific salmon owing to their smaller size. Given the relatively high background P levels and low retention times in lower Columbia River reservoirs, it is unlikely that shad marine-derived nutrients affect nutrient balances or food web productivity through autotrophic pathways. However, a better understanding of shad spawning aggregations in the CRB is needed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12348","usgsCitation":"Haskell, C.A., 2018, From salmon to shad: Shifting sources of marine-derived nutrients in the Columbia River Basin: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 27, no. 1, p. 310-322, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12348.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"310","endPage":"322","ipdsId":"IP-083307","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12348","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349864,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River, John Day Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.29993629455566,\n 45.94380909875069\n ],\n [\n -119.37572479248045,\n 45.93563185238015\n ],\n [\n -119.50069427490233,\n 45.91604931139518\n ],\n [\n -119.55631256103516,\n 45.93563185238015\n ],\n [\n -119.62841033935548,\n 45.92822950933618\n ],\n [\n -119.69158172607422,\n 45.90076057374647\n ],\n [\n -119.75784301757811,\n 45.86228122137575\n ],\n [\n -119.84264373779295,\n 45.874473216900626\n ],\n [\n -119.90684509277344,\n 45.845542755655856\n ],\n [\n -119.97928619384766,\n 45.83023460679437\n ],\n [\n -120.02735137939453,\n 45.8149222464981\n ],\n [\n -120.11592864990234,\n 45.790748860419896\n ],\n [\n -120.17360687255861,\n 45.77374940971673\n ],\n [\n -120.2065658569336,\n 45.75075599455506\n ],\n [\n -120.24089813232422,\n 45.73446325857703\n ],\n [\n -120.28209686279295,\n 45.730868632600014\n ],\n [\n -120.32604217529295,\n 45.7205627558654\n ],\n [\n -120.40603637695312,\n 45.71097418682745\n ],\n [\n -120.4695510864258,\n 45.70498049568787\n ],\n [\n -120.50525665283203,\n 45.71121392110517\n ],\n [\n -120.52808761596681,\n 45.731827222149356\n ],\n [\n -120.55675506591797,\n 45.74656346539698\n ],\n [\n -120.59640884399413,\n 45.75339113741727\n ],\n [\n -120.63074111938477,\n 45.75231313946647\n ],\n [\n -120.66267013549805,\n 45.74404779674727\n ],\n [\n -120.69013595581055,\n 45.73398398848103\n ],\n [\n -120.70421218872069,\n 45.72212074293355\n ],\n [\n -120.68601608276367,\n 45.70725817402955\n ],\n [\n -120.65460205078125,\n 45.72355884628182\n ],\n [\n -120.60104370117186,\n 45.729191061299915\n ],\n [\n -120.49530029296875,\n 45.68603620740324\n ],\n [\n -120.38131713867186,\n 45.68315803253308\n ],\n [\n -120.20416259765625,\n 45.71097418682745\n ],\n [\n -120.04417419433594,\n 45.786679041363726\n ],\n [\n -119.92263793945312,\n 45.81540082150529\n ],\n [\n -119.83268737792967,\n 45.83358362421937\n ],\n [\n -119.73930358886717,\n 45.82640691154487\n ],\n [\n -119.65896606445312,\n 45.84219445795288\n ],\n [\n -119.58755493164061,\n 45.90434424945917\n ],\n [\n -119.52850341796875,\n 45.89598197962566\n ],\n [\n -119.42276000976562,\n 45.90601655229453\n ],\n [\n -119.29512977600098,\n 45.9273339976278\n ],\n [\n -119.29993629455566,\n 45.94380909875069\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-02-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fad5e4b06e28e9c22779","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haskell, Craig A. 0000-0002-3604-1758 chaskell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3604-1758","contributorId":3458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haskell","given":"Craig","email":"chaskell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70194638,"text":"70194638 - 2018 - The influence of bed friction variability due to land cover on storm-driven barrier island morphodynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-07T16:37:20","indexId":"70194638","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1262,"text":"Coastal Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of bed friction variability due to land cover on storm-driven barrier island morphodynamics","docAbstract":"Variations in bed friction due to land cover type have the potential to influence morphologic change during storm events; the importance of these variations can be studied through numerical simulation and experimentation at locations with sufficient observational data to initialize realistic scenarios, evaluate model accuracy and guide interpretations. Two-dimensional in the horizontal plane (2DH) morphodynamic (XBeach) simulations were conducted to assess morphodynamic sensitivity to spatially varying bed friction at Dauphin Island, AL using hurricanes Ivan (2004) and Katrina (2005) as experimental test cases. For each storm, three bed friction scenarios were simulated: (1) a constant Chezy coefficient across land and water, (2) a constant Chezy coefficient across land and depth-dependent Chezy coefficients across water, and (3) spatially varying Chezy coefficients across land based on land use/land cover (LULC) data and depth-dependent Chezy coefficients across water. Modeled post-storm bed elevations were compared qualitatively and quantitatively with post-storm lidar data. Results showed that implementing spatially varying bed friction influenced the ability of XBeach to accurately simulate morphologic change during both storms. Accounting for frictional effects due to large-scale variations in vegetation and development reduced cross-barrier sediment transport and captured overwash and breaching more accurately. Model output from the spatially varying friction scenarios was used to examine the need for an existing sediment transport limiter, the influence of pre-storm topography and the effects of water level gradients on storm-driven morphodynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2017.11.005","usgsCitation":"Passeri, D., Long, J.W., Plant, N.G., Bilskie, M.V., and Hagen, S.C., 2018, The influence of bed friction variability due to land cover on storm-driven barrier island morphodynamics: Coastal Engineering, v. 132, p. 82-94, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2017.11.005.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"82","endPage":"94","ipdsId":"IP-088110","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2017.11.005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349878,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Dauphin Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.36509704589844,\n 30.19202472180581\n ],\n [\n -88.06777954101562,\n 30.19202472180581\n ],\n [\n -88.06777954101562,\n 30.295832146790442\n ],\n [\n -88.36509704589844,\n 30.295832146790442\n ],\n [\n -88.36509704589844,\n 30.19202472180581\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"132","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fad5e4b06e28e9c22776","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Passeri, Davina 0000-0002-9760-3195 dpasseri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9760-3195","contributorId":166889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passeri","given":"Davina","email":"dpasseri@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Joseph W. 0000-0003-2912-1992 jwlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2912-1992","contributorId":3303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Joseph","email":"jwlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bilskie, Matthew V.","contributorId":166891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bilskie","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":16154,"text":"LSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hagen, Scott C.","contributorId":166890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hagen","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16154,"text":"LSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70194560,"text":"70194560 - 2018 - MHC class II DRB diversity predicts antigen recognition and is associated with disease severity in California sea lions naturally infected with Leptospira interrogans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-06T09:49:15","indexId":"70194560","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1988,"text":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"MHC class II DRB diversity predicts antigen recognition and is associated with disease severity in California sea lions naturally infected with Leptospira interrogans","title":"MHC class II DRB diversity predicts antigen recognition and is associated with disease severity in California sea lions naturally infected with Leptospira interrogans","docAbstract":"We examined the associations between California sea lion MHC class II DRB (Zaca-DRB) configuration and diversity, and leptospirosis. As Zaca-DRB gene sequences are involved with antigen presentation of bacteria and other extracellular pathogens, we predicted that they would play a role in determining responses to these pathogenic spirochaetes. Specifically, we investigated whether Zaca-DRB diversity (number of genes) and configuration (presence of specific genes) explained differences in disease severity, and whether higher levels of Zaca-DRB diversity predicted the number of specific Leptospira interrogans serovars that a sea lion's serum would react against. We found that serum from diseased sea lions with more Zaca-DRB loci reacted against a wider array of serovars. Specific Zaca-DRB loci were linked to reactions with particular serovars. Interestingly, sea lions with clinical manifestation of leptospirosis that had higher numbers of Zaca-DRB loci were less likely to recover from disease than those with lower diversity, and those that harboured Zaca-DRB.C or –G were 4.5 to 5.3 times more likely to die from leptospirosis, regardless of the infective serovars. We propose that for leptospirosis, a disadvantage of having a wider range of antigen presentation might be increased disease severity due to immunopathology. Ours is the first study to examine the importance of Zaca-DRB diversity for antigen detection and disease severity following natural exposure to infective leptospires.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2017.11.023","usgsCitation":"Acevedo-Whitehouse, K., Gulland, F., and Bowen, L., 2018, MHC class II DRB diversity predicts antigen recognition and is associated with disease severity in California sea lions naturally infected with Leptospira interrogans: Infection, Genetics and Evolution, v. 57, p. 158-165, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2017.11.023.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"158","endPage":"165","ipdsId":"IP-082170","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349741,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Channel Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n 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lbowen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9115-4336","contributorId":4539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Lizabeth","email":"lbowen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70208983,"text":"70208983 - 2018 - Mapping of compositional properties of coal using isometric log-ratio transformation and sequential Gaussian simulation – A comparative study for spatial ultimate analyses data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-10T06:30:24","indexId":"70208983","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-05T06:24:07","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping of compositional properties of coal using isometric log-ratio transformation and sequential Gaussian simulation – A comparative study for spatial ultimate analyses data","docAbstract":"Chemical properties of coal largely determine coal handling, processing, beneficiation methods, and design of coal-fired power plants. Furthermore, these properties impact coal strength, coal blending during mining, as well as coal's gas content, which is important for mining safety. In order for these processes and quantitative predictions to be successful, safer, and economically feasible, it is important to determine and map chemical properties of coals accurately in order to infer these properties prior to mining.
Ultimate analysis quantifies principal chemical elements in coal. These elements are C, H, N, S, O, and, depending on the basis, ash, and/or moisture. The basis for the data is determined by the condition of the sample at the time of analysis, with an “as-received” basis being the closest to sampling conditions and thus to the in-situ conditions of the coal. The parts determined or calculated as the result of ultimate analyses are compositions, reported in weight percent, and pose the challenges of statistical analyses of compositional data. The treatment of parts using proper compositional methods may be even more important in mapping them, as most mapping methods carry uncertainty due to partial sampling as well.
In this work, we map the ultimate analyses parts of the Springfield coal from an Indiana section of the Illinois basin, USA, using sequential Gaussian simulation of isometric log-ratio transformed compositions. We compare the results with those of direct simulations of compositional parts. We also compare the implications of these approaches in calculating other properties using correlations to identify the differences and consequences. Although the study here is for coal, the methods described in the paper are applicable to any situation involving compositional data and its mapping.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.11.022","usgsCitation":"Karacan, C.O., and Olea, R.A., 2018, Mapping of compositional properties of coal using isometric log-ratio transformation and sequential Gaussian simulation – A comparative study for spatial ultimate analyses data: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 186, p. 36-49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.11.022.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"49","ipdsId":"IP-085076","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5743214","text":"External Repository"},{"id":373033,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"186","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karacan, C. Ozgen 0000-0002-0947-8241","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0947-8241","contributorId":201991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karacan","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ozgen","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":784289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808 rolea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":208109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo","email":"rolea@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":784290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194542,"text":"70194542 - 2018 - Will fluctuations in salt marsh–mangrove dominance alter vulnerability of a subtropical wetland to sea‐level rise?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T16:21:25.106207","indexId":"70194542","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Will fluctuations in salt marsh–mangrove dominance alter vulnerability of a subtropical wetland to sea‐level rise?","docAbstract":"To avoid submergence during sea-level rise, coastal wetlands build soil surfaces vertically through accumulation of inorganic sediment and organic matter. At climatic boundaries where mangroves are expanding and replacing salt marsh, wetland capacity to respond to sea-level rise may change. To compare how well mangroves and salt marshes accommodate sea-level rise, we conducted a manipulative field experiment in a subtropical plant community in the subsiding Mississippi River Delta. Experimental plots were established in spatially equivalent positions along creek banks in monospecific stands of Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass) or Avicennia germinans (black mangrove) and in mixed stands containing both species. To examine the effect of disturbance on elevation dynamics, vegetation in half of the plots was subjected to freezing (mangrove) or wrack burial (salt marsh), which caused shoot mortality. Vertical soil development was monitored for 6 years with the surface elevation table-marker horizon system. Comparison of land movement with relative sea-level rise showed that this plant community was experiencing an elevation deficit (i.e., sea level was rising faster than the wetland was building vertically) and was relying on elevation capital (i.e., relative position in the tidal frame) to survive. Although Avicennia plots had more elevation capital, suggesting longer survival, than Spartina or mixed plots, vegetation type had no effect on rates of accretion, vertical movement in root and sub-root zones, or net elevation change. Thus, these salt marsh and mangrove assemblages were accreting sediment and building vertically at equivalent rates. Small-scale disturbance of the plant canopy also had no effect on elevation trajectories—contrary to work in peat-forming wetlands showing elevation responses to changes in plant productivity. The findings indicate that in this deltaic setting with strong physical influences controlling elevation (sediment accretion, subsidence), mangrove replacement of salt marsh, with or without disturbance, will not necessarily alter vulnerability to sea-level rise.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.13945","usgsCitation":"McKee, K.L., and Vervaeke, W., 2018, Will fluctuations in salt marsh–mangrove dominance alter vulnerability of a subtropical wetland to sea‐level rise?: Global Change Biology, v. 24, no. 3, p. 1224-1238, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13945.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1224","endPage":"1238","ipdsId":"IP-088819","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7GT5M4C","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Will fluctuations in salt marsh - mangrove dominance alter vulnerability of a subtropical wetland to sea-level rise?"},{"id":349684,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.28692342916146,\n 29.198801841554953\n ],\n [\n -90.28692342916146,\n 29.08522057636641\n ],\n [\n -90.18699588097273,\n 29.08522057636641\n ],\n [\n -90.18699588097273,\n 29.198801841554953\n ],\n [\n -90.28692342916146,\n 29.198801841554953\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60faf5e4b06e28e9c229fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, Karen L. 0000-0001-7042-670X mckeek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Karen","email":"mckeek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vervaeke, William 0000-0002-1518-5197 vervaekew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1518-5197","contributorId":3265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vervaeke","given":"William","email":"vervaekew@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194556,"text":"70194556 - 2018 - Loss of dendritic connectivity in southern California's urban riverscape facilitates decline of an endemic freshwater fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T14:26:39","indexId":"70194556","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Loss of dendritic connectivity in southern California's urban riverscape facilitates decline of an endemic freshwater fish","docAbstract":"Life history adaptations and spatial configuration of metapopulation networks allow certain species to persist in extreme fluctuating environments, yet long-term stability within these systems relies on the maintenance of linkage habitat. Degradation of such linkages in urban riverscapes can disrupt this dynamic in aquatic species, leading to increased extinction debt in local populations experiencing environment-related demographic flux. We used microsatellites and mtDNA to examine the effects of collapsed network structure in the endemic Santa Ana sucker Catostomus santaanae of southern California, a threatened species affected by natural flood-drought cycles, ‘boom-and-bust’ demography, hybridization, and presumed artificial transplantation. Our results show a predominance of drift-mediated processes in shaping population structure, and that reverse mechanisms for counterbalancing the genetic effects of these phenomena have dissipated with the collapse of dendritic connectivity. We use approximate Bayesian models to support two cases of artificial transplantation, and provide evidence that one of the invaded systems better represents the historic processes that maintained genetic variation within watersheds than any remaining drainages where C. santaanae is considered native. We further show that a stable dry gap in the northern range is preventing genetic dilution of pure C. santaanae persisting upstream of a hybrid assemblage involving a non-native sucker, and that local accumulation of genetic variation in the same drainage is influenced by position within the network. This work has important implications for declining species that have historically relied on dendritic metapopulation networks to maintain source-sink dynamics in phasic environments, but no longer possess this capacity in urban-converted landscapes.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/mec.14445","usgsCitation":"Richmond, J.Q., Backlin, A.R., Galst-Cavalcante, C., O’Brien, J.W., and Fisher, R.N., 2018, Loss of dendritic connectivity in southern California's urban riverscape facilitates decline of an endemic freshwater fish: Molecular Ecology, v. 27, no. 2, p. 369-386, https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.14445.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"386","ipdsId":"IP-079187","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Z31XMZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Microsatellite genotype scores for a contemporary, range-wide sample of Santa Ana sucker in southern California"},{"id":349687,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"27","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60faf4e4b06e28e9c229f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richmond, Jonathan Q. 0000-0001-9398-4894 jrichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-4894","contributorId":5400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Jonathan","email":"jrichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Backlin, Adam R. 0000-0001-5618-8426 abacklin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5618-8426","contributorId":3802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Backlin","given":"Adam","email":"abacklin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galst-Cavalcante, Carey","contributorId":201155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galst-Cavalcante","given":"Carey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Brien, John W.","contributorId":201156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Brien","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70194518,"text":"70194518 - 2018 - Inferring epidemiologic dynamics from viral evolution: 2014–2015 Eurasian/North American highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses exceed transmission threshold, R0 = 1, in wild birds and poultry in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-17T12:36:20","indexId":"70194518","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1601,"text":"Evolutionary Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Inferring epidemiologic dynamics from viral evolution: 2014–2015 Eurasian/North American highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses exceed transmission threshold, R0 = 1, in wild birds and poultry in North America","title":"Inferring epidemiologic dynamics from viral evolution: 2014–2015 Eurasian/North American highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses exceed transmission threshold, R0 = 1, in wild birds and poultry in North America","docAbstract":"Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) is a multihost pathogen with lineages that pose health risks for domestic birds, wild birds, and humans. One mechanism of intercontinental HPAIV spread is through wild bird reservoirs, and wild birds were the likely sources of a Eurasian (EA) lineage HPAIV into North America in 2014. The introduction resulted in several reassortment events with North American (NA) lineage low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses and the reassortant EA/NA H5N2 went on to cause one of the largest HPAIV poultry outbreaks in North America. We evaluated three hypotheses about novel HPAIV introduced into wild and domestic bird hosts: (i) transmission of novel HPAIVs in wild birds was restricted by mechanisms associated with highly pathogenic phenotypes; (ii) the HPAIV poultry outbreak was not self-sustaining and required viral input from wild birds; and (iii) reassortment of the EA H5N8 generated reassortant EA/NA AIVs with a fitness advantage over fully Eurasian lineages in North American wild birds. We used a time-rooted phylodynamic model that explicitly incorporated viral population dynamics with evolutionary dynamics to estimate the basic reproductive number (R0) and viral migration among host types in domestic and wild birds, as well as between the EA H5N8 and EA/NA H5N2 in wild birds. We did not find evidence to support hypothesis (i) or (ii) as our estimates of the transmission parameters suggested that the HPAIV outbreak met or exceeded the threshold for persistence in wild birds (R0 > 1) and poultry (R0 ≈ 1) with minimal estimated transmission among host types. There was also no evidence to support hypothesis (iii) because R0 values were similar among EA H5N8 and EA/NA H5N2 in wild birds. Our results suggest that this novel HPAIV and reassortments did not encounter any transmission barriers sufficient to prevent persistence when introduced to wild or domestic birds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eva.12576","usgsCitation":"Grear, D.R., Hall, J.S., Dusek, R.J., and Ip, S., 2018, Inferring epidemiologic dynamics from viral evolution: 2014–2015 Eurasian/North American highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses exceed transmission threshold, R0 = 1, in wild birds and poultry in North America: Evolutionary Applications, v. 11, no. 4, p. 547-557, https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12576.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"547","endPage":"557","ipdsId":"IP-084949","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12576","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60faf7e4b06e28e9c22a2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grear, Daniel R. 0000-0002-5478-1549 dgrear@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5478-1549","contributorId":201066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grear","given":"Daniel","email":"dgrear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, Jeffrey S. 0000-0001-5599-2826 jshall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5599-2826","contributorId":2254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jshall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dusek, Robert J. 0000-0001-6177-7479 rdusek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-7479","contributorId":174374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusek","given":"Robert","email":"rdusek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ip, S. 0000-0003-4844-7533 hip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"S.","email":"hip@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194517,"text":"70194517 - 2018 - Water guns affect abundance and behavior of bigheaded carp and native fish differently","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T16:29:25.595511","indexId":"70194517","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water guns affect abundance and behavior of bigheaded carp and native fish differently","docAbstract":"Water guns have shown the potential to repel nuisance aquatic organisms. This study examines the effects of exposure to a 1966.4 cm3 seismic water gun array (two guns) on the abundance and behavior of Bighead Carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, Silver Carp H. molitrix (collectively referred to as bigheaded carp) and native fishes (e.g., Smallmouth Buffalo Ictiobus bubalus). Water guns were deployed in a channel that connects the Illinois River to backwater quarry pits that contained a large transient population of bigheaded carp. To evaluate the effect of water guns, mobile side-looking split-beam hydroacoustic surveys were conducted before, during and between replicated water gun firing periods. Water guns did not affect abundance of bigheaded carp, but abundance of native fish detected during the firing treatment was 43 and 34% lower than the control and water guns off treatments, respectively. The proximity of bigheaded carp to the water gun array was similar between the water guns on and water guns off treatments. In contrast, the closest detected native fish were detected farther from the water guns during the water guns on treatment (mean ± SE, 32.38 ± 3.32 m) than during the water guns off treatment (15.04 ± 1.59 m). The water gun array had a greater impact on native fish species than on bigheaded carp. Caution should be taken to the extrapolation of these results to other fish species and to fish exposed to water guns in different environments (e.g., reduced shoreline interaction) or exposure to a larger array of water guns, or for use of water guns for purposes other than a barrier.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-017-1624-9","usgsCitation":"Rivera, J., Glover, D.C., Kocovsky, P., Garvey, J.E., Gaikowski, M., Jensen, N., and Adams, R.F., 2018, Water guns affect abundance and behavior of bigheaded carp and native fish differently: Biological Invasions, v. 20, no. 5, p. 1243-1255, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-017-1624-9.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1243","endPage":"1255","ipdsId":"IP-071514","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349624,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","otherGeospatial":"Illinois River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.45021074393868,\n 41.34496407480228\n ],\n [\n -88.45021074393868,\n 41.341067466457446\n ],\n [\n -88.44097485665472,\n 41.341067466457446\n ],\n [\n -88.44097485665472,\n 41.34496407480228\n ],\n [\n -88.45021074393868,\n 41.34496407480228\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60faf7e4b06e28e9c22a2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rivera, Jose 0000-0003-3756-6860 jrivera@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3756-6860","contributorId":201064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rivera","given":"Jose","email":"jrivera@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glover, David C.","contributorId":178006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glover","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kocovsky, Patrick 0000-0003-4325-4265 pkocovsky@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-4265","contributorId":150837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"Patrick","email":"pkocovsky@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garvey, James E.","contributorId":178007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garvey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gaikowski, Mark P. 0000-0002-6507-9341 mgaikowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":149357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"Mark P.","email":"mgaikowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jensen, Nathan R.","contributorId":201065,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Nathan R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adams, Ryan F. 0000-0001-7299-329X rfadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7299-329X","contributorId":5499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Ryan","email":"rfadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70194515,"text":"70194515 - 2018 - Estimating the per-capita contribution of habitats and pathways in a migratory network: A modelling approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-27T16:47:13","indexId":"70194515","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the per-capita contribution of habitats and pathways in a migratory network: A modelling approach","docAbstract":"Every year, migratory species undertake seasonal movements along different pathways between discrete regions and habitats. The ability to assess the relative demographic contributions of these different habitats and pathways to the species’ overall population dynamics is critical for understanding the ecology of migratory species, and also has practical applications for management and conservation. Metrics for assessing habitat contributions have been well-developed for metapopulations, but an equivalent metric is not currently available for migratory populations. Here, we develop a framework for estimating the demographic contributions of the discrete habitats and pathways used by migratory species throughout the annual cycle by estimating the per capita contribution of cohorts using these locations. Our framework accounts for seasonal movements between multiple breeding and non-breeding habitats and for both resident and migratory cohorts. We illustrate our framework using a hypothetical migratory network of four habitats, which allows us to better understand how variations in habitat quality affect per capita contributions. Results indicate that per capita contributions for any habitat or pathway are dependent on habitat-specific survival probabilities in all other areas used as part of the migratory circuit, and that contribution metrics are spatially linked (e.g. reduced survival in one habitat also decreases the contribution metric for other habitats). Our framework expands existing theory on the dynamics of spatiotemporally structured populations by developing a generalized approach to estimate the habitat- and pathway-specific contributions of species migrating between multiple breeding and multiple non-breeding habitats for a range of life histories or migratory strategies. Most importantly, it provides a means of prioritizing conservation efforts towards those migratory pathways and habitats that are most critical for the population viability of migratory species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ecog.02718","usgsCitation":"Wiederholt, R., Mattsson, B.J., Thogmartin, W.E., Runge, M.C., Diffendorfer, J.E., Erickson, R.A., Federico, P., Lopez-Hoffman, L., Fryxell, J., Norris, D.R., and Sample, C., 2018, Estimating the per-capita contribution of habitats and pathways in a migratory network: A modelling approach: Ecography, v. 41, no. 5, p. 815-824, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.02718.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"815","endPage":"824","ipdsId":"IP-076968","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60faf7e4b06e28e9c22a32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiederholt, Ruscena","contributorId":149125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiederholt","given":"Ruscena","affiliations":[{"id":17653,"text":"School of Natural Resources & the Environment, The University of Arizona, Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mattsson, Brady J.","contributorId":201057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mattsson","given":"Brady","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Diffendorfer, Jay E. 0000-0003-1093-6948 jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6948","contributorId":55137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"Jay","email":"jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":724220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Erickson, Richard A. 0000-0003-4649-482X rerickson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-482X","contributorId":5455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Richard","email":"rerickson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Federico, Paula","contributorId":201058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Federico","given":"Paula","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lopez-Hoffman, Laura","contributorId":149127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopez-Hoffman","given":"Laura","affiliations":[{"id":17654,"text":"School of Natural Resources & the Environment and Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, The University of Arizona, Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fryxell, John","contributorId":201059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fryxell","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Norris, D. Ryan","contributorId":59734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sample, Christine","contributorId":201060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sample","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70194696,"text":"70194696 - 2018 - Occurrence of dichloroacetamide herbicide safeners and co-applied herbicides in midwestern U.S. streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T11:15:36","indexId":"70194696","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5022,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters","onlineIssn":"2328-8930","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of dichloroacetamide herbicide safeners and co-applied herbicides in midwestern U.S. streams","docAbstract":"Dichloroacetamide safeners (e.g., AD-67, benoxacor, dichlormid, and furilazole) are co-applied with chloroacetanilide herbicides to protect crops from herbicide toxicity. While such safeners have been used since the early 1970s, there are minimal data about safener usage, occurrence in streams, or potential ecological effects. This study focused on one of these research gaps, occurrence in streams. Seven Midwestern U.S. streams (five in Iowa and two in Illinois), with extensive row-crop agriculture, were sampled at varying frequencies from spring 2016 through summer 2017. All four safeners were detected at least once; furilazole was the most frequently detected (31%), followed by benoxacor (29%), dichlormid (15%), and AD-67 (2%). The maximum concentrations ranged from 42 to 190 ng/L. Stream detections and concentrations of safeners appear to be driven by a combination of timing of application (spring following herbicide application) and precipitation events. Detected concentrations were below known toxicity levels for aquatic organisms.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.7b00505","usgsCitation":"Woodward, E., Hladik, M., and Kolpin, D.W., 2018, Occurrence of dichloroacetamide herbicide safeners and co-applied herbicides in midwestern U.S. streams: Environmental Science & Technology Letters, v. 5, no. 1, p. 3-8, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.7b00505.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"8","ipdsId":"IP-090680","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7CZ363N","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Herbicide safeners and associated stream flow for water samples collected across Iowa and Illinois (2016-2017)."},{"id":349957,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.3837890625,\n 40.027614437486655\n ],\n [\n -87.506103515625,\n 40.027614437486655\n ],\n [\n -87.506103515625,\n 43.50872101129684\n ],\n [\n -93.3837890625,\n 43.50872101129684\n ],\n [\n -93.3837890625,\n 40.027614437486655\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60faf6e4b06e28e9c22a1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodward, Emily E. 0000-0001-9196-1349 ewoodward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9196-1349","contributorId":177364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Emily","email":"ewoodward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hladik, Michelle L. 0000-0002-0891-2712 mhladik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":201293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"Michelle L.","email":"mhladik@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194490,"text":"70194490 - 2018 - The geomorphic legacy of water and erosion control structures in a semiarid rangeland watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T14:28:05","indexId":"70194490","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geomorphic legacy of water and erosion control structures in a semiarid rangeland watershed","docAbstract":"Control over water supply and distribution is critical for agriculture in drylands where manipulating surface runoff often serves the dual purpose of erosion control. However, little is known of the geomorphic impacts and legacy effects of rangeland water manipulation infrastructure, especially if not maintained. This study investigated the geomorphic impacts of structures such as earthen berms, water control gates, and stock tanks, in a semiarid rangeland in the southwestern USA that is responding to both regional channel incision that was initiated over a century ago, and a more recent land use change that involved cattle removal and abandonment of structures. The functional condition of remnant structures was inventoried, mapped, and assessed using aerial imagery and lidar data. Headcut initiation, scour, and channel incision associated with compromised lateral channel berms, concrete water control structures, floodplain water spreader berms, and stock tanks were identified as threats to floodplains and associated habitat. Almost half of 27 identified lateral channel berms (48%) have been breached and 15% have experienced lateral scour; 18% of 218 shorter water spreader berms have been breached and 17% have experienced lateral scour. A relatively small number of 117 stock tanks (6%) are identified as structurally compromised based on analysis of aerial imagery, although many currently do not provide consistent water supplies. In some cases, the onset of localized disturbance is recent enough that opportunities for mitigation can be identified to alter the potentially damaging erosion trajectories that are ultimately driven by regional geomorphic instability. Understanding the effects of prior land use and remnant structures on channel and floodplain morphologic condition is critical because both current land management and future land use options are constrained by inherited land use legacy effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.4287","usgsCitation":"Nichols, M.H., Magirl, C.S., Sayre, N., and Shaw, J.R., 2018, The geomorphic legacy of water and erosion control structures in a semiarid rangeland watershed: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 43, no. 4, p. 909-918, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4287.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"909","endPage":"918","ipdsId":"IP-088934","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349587,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.57440185546875,\n 31.43159261047983\n ],\n [\n -111.34506225585938,\n 31.43159261047983\n ],\n [\n -111.34506225585938,\n 31.81572994283835\n ],\n [\n -111.57440185546875,\n 31.81572994283835\n ],\n [\n -111.57440185546875,\n 31.43159261047983\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fafbe4b06e28e9c22a7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, Mary H.","contributorId":201006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nichols","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sayre, N.F.","contributorId":201007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sayre","given":"N.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaw, Jeremy R.","contributorId":201008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaw","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70196037,"text":"70196037 - 2018 - Weekly summer diet of gray wolves (Canis lupus) in northeastern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T11:06:17","indexId":"70196037","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Weekly summer diet of gray wolves (Canis lupus) in northeastern Minnesota","title":"Weekly summer diet of gray wolves (Canis lupus) in northeastern Minnesota","docAbstract":"Wolves (Canis lupus) are opportunistic predators and will capitalize on available abundant food sources. However, wolf diet has primarily been examined at monthly, seasonal, or annual scales, which can obscure short-term responses to available food. We examined weekly wolf diet from late June to early October by collecting scats from a single wolf pack in northeastern Minnesota. During our 15 week study, nonungulate food types constituted 58% of diet biomass. Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns were a major food item until mid-July after which berries (primarily Vaccinium and Rubus spp.) composed 56–83% of weekly diet biomass until mid-August. After mid-August, snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) and adult deer were the primary prey. Weekly diet diversity approximately doubled from June to October as wolves began using several food types in similar proportions as the summer transitioned into fall. Recreational hunting of black bears (Ursus americanus) contributed to weekly wolf diet in the fall as wolves consumed foods from bear bait piles and from gut piles/carcasses of successfully harvested or fatally wounded bears. To our knowledge, we are the first to examine wolf diet via scat analysis at weekly intervals, which enabled us to provide a detailed description of diet plasticity of this wolf pack, as well as the rapidity with which wolves can respond to new available food sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031-179.1.15","usgsCitation":"Gable, T.D., Windels, S.K., Bruggink, J.G., and Barber-Meyer, S., 2018, Weekly summer diet of gray wolves (Canis lupus) in northeastern Minnesota: American Midland Naturalist, v. 179, no. 1, p. 15-27, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-179.1.15.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"27","ipdsId":"IP-081332","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352523,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Kabetogama State Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.89627075195312,\n 48.120267527274464\n ],\n [\n -92.46368408203125,\n 48.120267527274464\n ],\n [\n -92.46368408203125,\n 48.34529727896014\n ],\n [\n -92.89627075195312,\n 48.34529727896014\n ],\n [\n -92.89627075195312,\n 48.120267527274464\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"179","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee755e4b0da30c1bfc26f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gable, Thomas D.","contributorId":203312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gable","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":36598,"text":"Dept of Biol, Northern Michigan University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Windels, Steve K.","contributorId":182422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Windels","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":18939,"text":"Voyageurs National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bruggink, John G.","contributorId":203313,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruggink","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36598,"text":"Dept of Biol, Northern Michigan University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barber-Meyer, Shannon 0000-0002-3048-2616 sbarber-meyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3048-2616","contributorId":191875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber-Meyer","given":"Shannon","email":"sbarber-meyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70228185,"text":"70228185 - 2018 - Watershed export of fine sediment, organic carbon, and chlorophyll-a to Chesapeake Bay: Spatial and temporal patterns in 1984–2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-07T16:53:32.713489","indexId":"70228185","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-29T10:50:36","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Watershed export of fine sediment, organic carbon, and chlorophyll-a to Chesapeake Bay: Spatial and temporal patterns in 1984–2016","docAbstract":"Chesapeake Bay has long experienced nutrient enrichment and water clarity deterioration. This study provides new quantification of loads and yields for sediment (fine and coarse grained), organic carbon (total, dissolved, and particulate), and chlorophyll-a from the monitored nontidal Chesapeake Bay watershed (MNTCBW), all of which are expected to drive estuarine water clarity. We conducted an integrated analysis of nine major tributaries to the Bay to understand spatial and temporal export patterns over the last thirty years (1984–2016). In terms of spatial pattern, export of these constituents from the MNTCBW was strongly dominated (~ 90%) by the three largest tributaries (i.e., Susquehanna, Potomac, and James). Among the nine tributaries, the ranking of constituent export generally follows the order of their watershed sizes, with other factors such as land use and reservoir playing important roles in some exceptions. In terms of partitioning, suspended sediment (SS) export was dominated by fine-grained sediment (SSfine) in all nine tributaries; overall, ~ 90% of the MNTCBW SS is SSfine. Total organic carbon (TOC) export was dominated by dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in all tributaries except Potomac River; overall, ~ 60% of the MNTCBW TOC is DOC. A comparison with literature shows that the MNTCBW SS and TOC yields were ~ 80% and ~ 60% of the respective medians of worldwide watersheds. In terms of temporal pattern, flow-normalized yields from the MNTCBW show overall increases in SS (both long-term [1984–2016] and short-term [2004–2016]), SSfine (long-term and short-term), TOC (long-term), and chlorophyll-a (short-term). The rises in SS, SSfine, and TOC were largely driven by Susquehanna River where Conowingo Reservoir's trapping efficiency has greatly diminished in the last twenty years. Overall, these new results on the status and trends of sediment, organic carbon, and chlorophyll-a provide the foundation for building potential linkages between riverine inputs and estuarine water clarity patterns.
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0000-0002-0140-6534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0140-6534","contributorId":215461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blomquist","given":"Joel","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194112,"text":"70194112 - 2018 - Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity to non-target wildlife under controlled exposure conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-30T12:36:42","indexId":"70194112","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity to non-target wildlife under controlled exposure conditions","docAbstract":"Much of our understanding of anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity to non-target wildlife has been derived from molecular through whole animal research and registration studies in domesticated birds and mammals, and to a lesser degree from trials with captive wildlife. Using these data, an adverse outcome pathway identifying molecular initiating and anchoring events (inhibition of vitamin K epoxide reductase, failure to activate clotting factors), and established and plausible linkages (coagulopathy, hemorrhage, anemia, reduced fitness) associated with toxicity, is presented. Controlled exposure studies have demonstrated that second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides (e.g., brodifacoum) are more toxic than first- and intermediate-generation compounds (e.g., warfarin, diphacinone), however the difference in potency is diminished when first- and intermediate-generation compounds are administered on multiple days. Differences in species sensitivity are inconsistent among compounds. Numerous studies have compared mortality rate of predators fed prey or tissue containing anticoagulant rodenticides. In secondary exposure studies in birds, brodifacoum appears to pose the greatest risk, with bromadiolone, difenacoum, flocoumafen and difethialone being less hazardous than brodifacoum, and warfarin, coumatetralyl, coumafuryl, chlorophacinone and diphacinone being even less hazardous. In contrast, substantial mortality was noted in secondary exposure studies in mammals ingesting prey or tissue diets containing either second- or intermediate-generation compounds. Sublethal responses (e.g., prolonged clotting time, reduced hematocrit and anemia) have been used to study the sequelae of anticoagulant intoxication, and to some degree in the establishment of toxicity thresholds or toxicity reference values. Surprisingly few studies have undertaken histopathological evaluations to identify cellular lesions and hemorrhage associated with anticoagulant rodenticide exposure in non-target wildlife. Ecological risk assessments of anticoagulant rodenticides would be improved with additional data on (i) interspecific differences in sensitivity, particularly for understudied taxa, (ii) sublethal effects unrelated to coagulopathy, (iii) responses to mixtures and sequential exposures, and (iv) the role of vitamin K status on toxicity, and significance of inclusion of supplemental vitamin K or menadione (provitamin) in the diet of test organisms. A more complete understanding of the toxicity of anticoagulant rodenticides in non-target wildlife would enable regulators and natural resource managers to better predict and even mitigate risk.","largerWorkTitle":"Anticoagulant rodenticides and wildlife","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-64377-9_3","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B.A., and Mastrota, F.N., 2018, Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity to non-target wildlife under controlled exposure conditions, chap. of Anticoagulant rodenticides and wildlife, v. 5, p. 45-86, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64377-9_3.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"86","ipdsId":"IP-073175","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fad6e4b06e28e9c22782","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"van den Brink, Nico","contributorId":127370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van den Brink","given":"Nico","affiliations":[{"id":6920,"text":"Wageningen University, The Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724035,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, J.","contributorId":200997,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elliott","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724036,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shore, R.","contributorId":200998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shore","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724037,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rattner, B.","contributorId":51416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724038,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastrota, F. Nicholas","contributorId":200995,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mastrota","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Nicholas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194111,"text":"70194111 - 2018 - Anticoagulant rodenticides and wildlife: Introduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-30T09:50:00","indexId":"70194111","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Anticoagulant rodenticides and wildlife: Introduction","docAbstract":"Rodents have interacted with people since the beginning of systematic food storage by humans in the early Neolithic era. Such interactions have had adverse outcomes such as threats to human health, spoiling and consumption of food sources, damage to human infrastructure and detrimental effects on indigenous island wildlife (through inadvertent anthropogenic assisted introductions). These socio/economic and environmental impacts illustrate the clear need to control populations of commensal rodents. Different methods have been applied historically but the main means of control in the last decades is through the application of rodenticides, mainly anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) that inhibit blood clotting. The so-called First Generation Anticoagulant Rodenticides (FGARs) proved highly effective but rodents increasingly developed resistance. This led to a demand for more effective alternative compounds and paved the way to the development of Second Generation Anticoagulant Rodenticides (SGARs). These were more acutely toxic and persistent, making them more effective but also increasing the risks of exposure of non-target species and secondary poisoning of predatory species. SGARs often fail the environmental thresholds of different regulatory frameworks because of these negative side-effects, but their use is still permitted because of the overwhelming societal needs for rodent control and the lack of effective alternatives. This book provides a state-of-the-art overview of the scientific advancements in assessment of environmental exposure, effects and risks of currently used ARs. This is discussed in relation to the societal needs for rodent control, including risk mitigation and development of alternatives.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Anticoagulant rodenticides and wildlife","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-64377-9_1","usgsCitation":"van den Brink, N.W., Elliott, J., Shore, R., and Rattner, B.A., 2018, Anticoagulant rodenticides and wildlife: Introduction, chap. of Anticoagulant rodenticides and wildlife, v. 5, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64377-9_1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","ipdsId":"IP-084360","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/anticoagulant-rodenticides-and-wildlife-introduction","text":"External Repository"},{"id":349538,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fad6e4b06e28e9c22784","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"van den Brink, Nico W.","contributorId":39229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van den Brink","given":"Nico","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724042,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, John E.","contributorId":169675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elliott","given":"John E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724043,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shore, Richard F.","contributorId":111984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shore","given":"Richard F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724044,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724045,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"van den Brink, Nico W.","contributorId":39229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van den Brink","given":"Nico","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, John E.","contributorId":127368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elliott","given":"John E.","affiliations":[{"id":6779,"text":"Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shore, Richard F.","contributorId":111984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shore","given":"Richard F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194479,"text":"70194479 - 2018 - An extirpated lineage of a threatened frog species resurfaces in southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-28T14:30:11","indexId":"70194479","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2968,"text":"Oryx","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An extirpated lineage of a threatened frog species resurfaces in southern California","docAbstract":"Southern California has experienced widespread amphibian declines since the 1960s. One species, the Vulnerable California red-legged frog Rana draytonii, is now considered to be extirpated from most of southern California. In February 2017 a population of R. draytonii was discovered in the southern foothills of the San Bernardino Mountains of Riverside County, California, near the edge of the species’ historical distribution. This population belongs to an mtDNA lineage that was presumed to be extirpated within the USA but is still extant in Baja California, Mexico. This discovery increases the potential for future, evolutionarily informed translocations within the southern portion of this species’ range in California.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0030605317001168","usgsCitation":"Backlin, A.R., Richmond, J.Q., Gallegos, E., Christensen, C.K., and Fisher, R.N., 2018, An extirpated lineage of a threatened frog species resurfaces in southern California: Oryx, v. 52, no. 4, p. 718-722, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605317001168.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"718","endPage":"722","ipdsId":"IP-085992","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469154,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0030605317001168","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7C82870","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"New record of California red-legged frogs (Rana draytonii) in Whitewater Canyon, Riverside County, CA, USA"},{"id":349528,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fafbe4b06e28e9c22a85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Backlin, Adam R. 0000-0001-5618-8426 abacklin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5618-8426","contributorId":3802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Backlin","given":"Adam","email":"abacklin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richmond, Jonathan Q. 0000-0001-9398-4894 jrichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-4894","contributorId":5400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Jonathan","email":"jrichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gallegos, Elizabeth 0000-0002-8402-2631 egallegos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8402-2631","contributorId":1528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos","given":"Elizabeth","email":"egallegos@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christensen, Clinton K.","contributorId":200990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Clinton","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70194446,"text":"70194446 - 2018 - Effects of host injury on susceptibility of marine reef fishes to ectoparasitic gnathiid isopods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-27T16:48:09","indexId":"70194446","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5073,"text":"Symbiosis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of host injury on susceptibility of marine reef fishes to ectoparasitic gnathiid isopods","docAbstract":"The importance of the role that parasites play in ecological communities is becoming increasingly apparent. However much about their impact on hosts and thus populations and communities remains poorly understood. A common observation in wild populations is high variation in levels of parasite infestation among hosts. While high variation could be due to chance encounter, there is increasing evidence to suggest that such patterns are due to a combination of environmental, host, and parasite factors. In order to examine the role of host condition on parasite infection, rates of Gnathia marleyi infestation were compared between experimentally injured and uninjured fish hosts. Experimental injuries were similar to the minor wounds commonly observed in nature. The presence of the injury significantly increased the probability of infestation by gnathiids. However, the level of infestation (i.e., total number of gnathiid parasites) for individual hosts, appeared to be unaffected by the treatment. The results from this study indicate that injuries obtained by fish in nature may carry the additional cost of increased parasite burden along with the costs typically associated with physical injury. These results suggest that host condition may be an important factor in determining the likelihood of infestation by a common coral reef fish ectoparasite, G. marleyi.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13199-017-0518-z","usgsCitation":"Jenkins, W.G., Demopoulos, A.W., and Sikkel, P.C., 2018, Effects of host injury on susceptibility of marine reef fishes to ectoparasitic gnathiid isopods: Symbiosis, v. 75, no. 2, p. 113-121, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-017-0518-z.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"121","ipdsId":"IP-087918","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349536,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fafde4b06e28e9c22a98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenkins, William G. 0000-0001-5133-2628","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5133-2628","contributorId":200936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jenkins","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Demopoulos, Amanda W.J. 0000-0003-2096-4694 ademopoulos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-4694","contributorId":196216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demopoulos","given":"Amanda","email":"ademopoulos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":723854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sikkel, Paul C.","contributorId":140403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sikkel","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13476,"text":"Arkansas State University, State University, AR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194110,"text":"70194110 - 2018 - Anticoagulant rodenticides and wildlife: Concluding remarks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-30T09:52:17","indexId":"70194110","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Anticoagulant rodenticides and wildlife: Concluding remarks","docAbstract":"Rodents are known to affect human society globally in various adverse ways, resulting in a widespread demand for their continuous control. Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) have been, and currently remain, the cornerstone of rodent control throughout the world. Although alternative control methods exist, they are generally less effective. ARs work by affecting vitamin K metabolism, thereby preventing the activation of blood clotting factors and eventual coagulopathy. Since ARs are non-selective, their undoubted benefits for rodent control have to be balanced against the environmental risks that these compounds pose. Although they have been used for decades, pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic data are mainly available for laboratory mammals and have concentrated on acute effects. Limited information is available on chronic exposure scenarios and for wildlife species. Important gaps exist in our understanding of the large inter- and intra-species differences in sensitivity to ARs, especially for non-target species, and in our knowledge about the occurrence and importance of sub-lethal effects in wildlife. It is clear that mere presence of AR residues in the body tissues may not indicate the occurrence of effects, although unequivocal assessment of effects under field conditions is difficult. Ante-mortem symptoms, like lethargy, subdued behaviour and unresponsiveness are generally not very specific as is true for more generic post-mortem observations (e.g. pallor of the mucous membranes or occurrence of haemorrhages). It is only by combining ante or post-mortem data with information on exposure that effects in the field may be confirmed. We do know however that a wide variety of non-target species are directly exposed to ARs. Secondary exposure in predators is also widespread although there is limited information on whether this exposure causes actual effects. Exposure is driven by ecological factors and is context specific with respect to spatial habitat configuration and bait placement. Another key factor that affects the interaction between ARs and wildlife is the development of resistance in target species. The development of resistance has resulted in higher use of SGARs, thereby increasing the potential of non-target and secondary exposure. AR use has increasingly become more strictly regulated, increasing the need for alternatives. Alternatives are available, including non-anticoagulant rodenticides, but these may also pose significant risk to environmental organisms, humans and pets. There are also various mitigation measures that can be implemented when using ARs, including bait protection, pulsed baiting at the onset of infestation, restricting use by non-professionals, and avoiding use in areas of high non-target density. Reduction in secondary exposure may result from e.g. non-chemical control, habitat management, and, in agricultural habitats, the use of lure crops and supplemental feeding. Such Integrated Pest Management (IPM) may not only reduce non-target exposure but also benefit resistance management. Barriers to adopt IPM approaches however, include the perception that they do not work or too slowly and are more laborious, expensive and time consuming. It is therefore important that the expectations of stakeholders are considered and managed. Nevertheless, further development of alternatives and IPM measures is essential, so the key research priority related to rodent control may ultimately be to address the lack of scientific assessment of the effectiveness of both specific AR mitigation measures and of IPM approaches to rodent control.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Anticoagulant rodenticides and wildlife","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-64377-9_14","usgsCitation":"van den Brink, N.W., Elliott, J., Shore, R., and Rattner, B.A., 2018, Anticoagulant rodenticides and wildlife: Concluding remarks, chap. of Anticoagulant rodenticides and wildlife, v. 5, p. 379-386, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64377-9_14.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"379","endPage":"386","ipdsId":"IP-086091","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/anticoagulant-rodenticides-and-wildlife-concluding-remarks","text":"External Repository"},{"id":349540,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fad6e4b06e28e9c22787","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van den Brink, Nico W.","contributorId":39229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van den Brink","given":"Nico","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, John E.","contributorId":169675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elliott","given":"John E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shore, Richard F.","contributorId":111984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shore","given":"Richard F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193708,"text":"70193708 - 2018 - Urban raptor communities: Why some raptors and not others occupy urban environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-20T17:12:30.484472","indexId":"70193708","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"3","title":"Urban raptor communities: Why some raptors and not others occupy urban environments","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Urban raptors: Ecology and conservation of birds of prey in cities","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Island Press","usgsCitation":"Boal, C.W., 2018, Urban raptor communities: Why some raptors and not others occupy urban environments, chap. 3 of Urban raptors: Ecology and conservation of birds of prey in cities.","ipdsId":"IP-083943","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349549,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349548,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://islandpress.org/book/urban-raptors"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fad6e4b06e28e9c2278a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Boal, Clint W. 0000-0001-6008-8911 cboal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-8911","contributorId":1909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"Clint","email":"cboal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724053,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dykstra, Cheryl R.","contributorId":18142,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dykstra","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724054,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Boal, Clint W. 0000-0001-6008-8911 cboal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-8911","contributorId":1909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"Clint","email":"cboal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70194344,"text":"70194344 - 2018 - Viscous relaxation as a prerequisite for tectonic resurfacing on Ganymede: Insights from numerical models of lithospheric extension","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T11:25:07","indexId":"70194344","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Viscous relaxation as a prerequisite for tectonic resurfacing on Ganymede: Insights from numerical models of lithospheric extension","docAbstract":"Ganymede’s bright terrain formed during a near-global resurfacing event (or events) that produced both heavily tectonized and relatively smooth terrains. The mechanism(s) by which resurfacing occurred on Ganymede (e.g., cryovolcanic or tectonic), and the relationship between the older, dark and the younger, bright terrain are fundamental to understanding the geological evolution of the satellite. Using a two-dimensional numerical model of lithospheric extension that has previously been used to successfully simulate surface deformation consistent with grooved terrain morphologies, we investigate whether large-amplitude preexisting topography can be resurfaced (erased) by extension (i.e., tectonic resurfacing). Using synthetically produced initial topography, we show that when the total relief of the initial topography is larger than 25–50 m, periodic groove-like structures fail to form. Instead, extension is localized in a few individual, isolated troughs. These results pose a challenge to the tectonic resurfacing hypothesis. We further investigate the effects of preexisting topography by performing suites of simulations initialized with topography derived from digital terrain models of Ganymede’s surface. These include dark terrain, fresh (relatively deep) impact craters, smooth bright terrain, and a viscously relaxed impact crater. The simulations using dark terrain and fresh impact craters are consistent with our simulations using synthetic topography: periodic groove-like deformation fails to form. In contrast, when simulations were initialized with bright smooth terrain topography, groove-like deformation results from a wide variety of heat flow and surface temperature conditions. Similarly, when a viscously relaxed impact crater was used, groove-like structures were able to form during extension. These results suggest that tectonic resurfacing may require that the amplitude of the initial topography be reduced before extension begins. We emphasize that viscous relaxation may be the key to enabling tectonic resurfacing, as the heat fluxes associated with groove terrain formation are also capable of reducing crater topography through viscous relaxation. For long-wavelength topography (large craters) viscous relaxation is unavoidable. We propose that the resurfacing of Ganymede occurred through a combination of viscous relaxation, tectonic resurfacing, cryovolcanism and, at least in a few cases, band formation. Variations in heat flow and strain magnitudes across Ganymede likely produced the complex variety of terrain types currently observed.
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