Global Positioning System (GPS) telemetry is used extensively to study animal distribution and resource selection patterns but is susceptible to biases resulting from data omission and spatial inaccuracies. These data errors may cause misinterpretation of wildlife habitat selection or spatial use patterns. We used both stationary test collars and collared free-ranging American black bears (Ursus americanus) to quantify systemic data loss and location error of GPS telemetry in mountainous, old-growth temperate forests of Olympic National Park, Washington, USA. We developed predictive models of environmental factors that influence the probability of obtaining GPS locations and evaluated the ability of weighting factors derived from these models to mitigate data omission biases from collared bears. We also examined the effects of microhabitat on collar fix success rate and examined collar accuracy as related to elevation changes between successive fixes. The probability of collars successfully obtaining location fixes was positively associated with elevation and unobstructed satellite view and was negatively affected by the interaction of overstory canopy and satellite view. Test collars were 33% more successful at acquiring fixes than those on bears. Fix success rates of collared bears varied seasonally and diurnally. Application of weighting factors to individual collared bear fixes recouped only 6% of lost data and failed to reduce seasonal or diurnal variation in fix success, suggesting that variables not included in our model contributed to data loss. Test collars placed to mimic bear bedding sites received 16% fewer fixes than randomly placed collars, indicating that microhabitat selection may contribute to data loss for wildlife equipped with GPS collars. Horizontal collar errors of >800 m occurred when elevation changes between successive fixes were >400 m. We conclude that significant limitations remain in accounting for data loss and error inherent in using GPS telemetry in coniferous forest ecosystems and that, at present, resource selection patterns of large mammals derived from GPS telemetry should be interpreted cautiously.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.2193/2006-367","usgsCitation":"Sager-Fradkin, K.A., Jenkins, K.J., Hoffman, R.L., Happe, P., Beecham, J., and Wright, R., 2007, Fix success and accuracy of GPS radio collars in old-growth temperate coniferous forests: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 4, p. 1298-1308, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-367.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1298","endPage":"1308","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Olympic National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.26086425781249,\n 47.543163654317304\n ],\n [\n -122.882080078125,\n 47.543163654317304\n ],\n [\n -122.882080078125,\n 47.97153658265933\n ],\n [\n -124.26086425781249,\n 47.97153658265933\n ],\n [\n -124.26086425781249,\n 47.543163654317304\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eeeaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sager-Fradkin, Kimberly A.","contributorId":87103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sager-Fradkin","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt J. 0000-0003-1415-6607 kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-6607","contributorId":3415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","email":"kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, Robert L.","contributorId":52931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Happe, P.","contributorId":12013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Happe","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beecham, J.","contributorId":31364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beecham","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wright, R.G.","contributorId":9622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70010312,"text":"70010312 - 2007 - Local search for optimal global map generation using mid-decadal landsat images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:23","indexId":"70010312","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Local search for optimal global map generation using mid-decadal landsat images","docAbstract":"NASA and the US Geological Survey (USGS) are seeking to generate a map of the entire globe using Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor data from the \"mid-decadal\" period of 2004 through 2006. The global map is comprised of thousands of scene locations and, for each location, tens of different images of varying quality to chose from. Furthermore, it is desirable for images of adjacent scenes be close together in time of acquisition, to avoid obvious discontinuities due to seasonal changes. These characteristics make it desirable to formulate an automated solution to the problem of generating the complete map. This paper formulates a Global Map Generator problem as a Constraint Optimization Problem (GMG-COP) and describes an approach to solving it using local search. Preliminary results of running the algorithm on image data sets are summarized. The results suggest a significant improvement in map quality using constraint-based solutions. Copyright ?? 2007, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"AAAI Workshop - Technical Report","conferenceTitle":"2007 AAAI Workshop","conferenceDate":"22 July 2007 through 22 July 2007","conferenceLocation":"Vancouver, BC","language":"English","isbn":"9781577353379","usgsCitation":"Khatib, L., Gasch, J., Morris, R., and Covington, S., 2007, Local search for optimal global map generation using mid-decadal landsat images, in AAAI Workshop - Technical Report, v. WS-07-10, Vancouver, BC, 22 July 2007 through 22 July 2007, p. 66-70.","startPage":"66","endPage":"70","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"WS-07-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48e4e4b0c8380cd681d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Khatib, L.","contributorId":87816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khatib","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gasch, J.","contributorId":87388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gasch","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, Robert","contributorId":70723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Covington, S.","contributorId":13111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Covington","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1008663,"text":"1008663 - 2007 - Empirical evaluation of decision support systems: Needs, definitions, potential methods, and an example pertaining to waterfowl management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T10:31:33","indexId":"1008663","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Empirical evaluation of decision support systems: Needs, definitions, potential methods, and an example pertaining to waterfowl management","docAbstract":"Decision support systems are often not empirically evaluated, especially the underlying modelling components. This can be attributed to such systems necessarily being designed to handle complex and poorly structured problems and decision making. Nonetheless, evaluation is critical and should be focused on empirical testing whenever possible. Verification and validation, in combination, comprise such evaluation. Verification is ensuring that the system is internally complete, coherent, and logical from a modelling and programming perspective. Validation is examining whether the system is realistic and useful to the user or decision maker, and should answer the question: “Was the system successful at addressing its intended purpose?” A rich literature exists on verification and validation of expert systems and other artificial intelligence methods; however, no single evaluation methodology has emerged as preeminent. At least five approaches to validation are feasible. First, under some conditions, decision support system performance can be tested against a preselected gold standard. Second, real-time and historic data sets can be used for comparison with simulated output. Third, panels of experts can be judiciously used, but often are not an option in some ecological domains. Fourth, sensitivity analysis of system outputs in relation to inputs can be informative. Fifth, when validation of a complete system is impossible, examining major components can be substituted, recognizing the potential pitfalls. I provide an example of evaluation of a decision support system for trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator) management that I developed using interacting intelligent agents, expert systems, and a queuing system. Predicted swan distributions over a 13-year period were assessed against observed numbers. Population survey numbers and banding (ringing) studies may provide long term data useful in empirical evaluation of decision support.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2005.07.023","usgsCitation":"Sojda, R., 2007, Empirical evaluation of decision support systems: Needs, definitions, potential methods, and an example pertaining to waterfowl management: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 22, no. 2, p. 269-277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2005.07.023.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"277","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130897,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db6057de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sojda, R.S.","contributorId":99075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sojda","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1008607,"text":"1008607 - 2007 - Responses of pond-breeding amphibians to wildfire: Short-term patterns in occupancy and colonization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T14:48:46","indexId":"1008607","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of pond-breeding amphibians to wildfire: Short-term patterns in occupancy and colonization","docAbstract":"Wildland fires are expected to become more frequent and severe in many ecosystems, potentially posing a threat to many sensitive species. We evaluated the effects of a large, stand-replacement wildfire on three species of pond-breeding amphibians by estimating changes in occupancy of breeding sites during the three years before and after the fire burned 42 of 83 previously surveyed wetlands. Annual occupancy and colonization for each species was estimated using recently developed models that incorporate detection probabilities to provide unbiased parameter estimates. We did not find negative effects of the fire on the occupancy or colonization rates of the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum). Instead, its occupancy was higher across the study area after the fire, possibly in response to a large snowpack that may have facilitated colonization of unoccupied wetlands. Naïve data (uncorrected for detection probability) for the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) initially led to the conclusion of increased occupancy and colonization in wetlands that burned. After accounting for temporal and spatial variation in detection probabilities, however, it was evident that these parameters were relatively stable in both areas before and after the fire. We found a similar discrepancy between naïve and estimated occupancy of A. macrodactylum that resulted from different detection probabilities in burned and control wetlands. The boreal toad (Bufo boreas) was not found breeding in the area prior to the fire but colonized several wetlands the year after they burned. Occupancy by B. boreas then declined during years 2 and 3 following the fire. Our study suggests that the amphibian populations we studied are resistant to wildfire and that B. boreas may experience short-term benefits from wildfire. Our data also illustrate how naïve presence–non-detection data can provide misleading results.
Availability of food resources is an important factor in avian habitat selection. Food resources for terrestrial birds often are closely related to vegetation structure and composition. Identification of plant species important in supporting food resources may facilitate vegetation management to achieve objectives for providing bird habitat. We used fecal analysis to describe the diet of adult Wilson's Warblers (Wilsonia pusilla) that foraged in the understory of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests in western Oregon during the breeding season. We sampled arthropods at the same sites where diet data were collected, and compared abundance and biomass of prey among seven common shrub species. Wilson's Warblers ate more caterpillars (Lepidoptera larvae), flies (Diptera), beetles (Coleoptera), and Homoptera than expected based on availability. Deciduous shrubs supported higher abundances of arthropod taxa and size classes used as prey by Wilson's Warblers than did evergreen shrubs. The development and maintenance of deciduous understory vegetation in conifer forests of the Pacific Northwest may be fundamental for conservation of food webs that support breeding Wilson's Warblers and other shrub-associated, insectivorous songbirds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/06-056.1","usgsCitation":"Hagar, J.C., Dugger, K., and Starkey, E.E., 2007, Arthropod prey of Wilson's Warblers in the understory of Douglas-fir forests: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 119, no. 4, p. 533-546, https://doi.org/10.1676/06-056.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"533","endPage":"546","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134225,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Coast Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.35,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -122.728271484375,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -122.728271484375,\n 46.195042108660154\n ],\n [\n -124.35,\n 46.195042108660154\n ],\n [\n -124.35,\n 42.00032514831621\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d973","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagar, Joan C. 0000-0002-3044-6607 joan_hagar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-6607","contributorId":57034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagar","given":"Joan","email":"joan_hagar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":324242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dugger, Kate","contributorId":51709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Kate","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Starkey, Edward E.","contributorId":29778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starkey","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1016425,"text":"1016425 - 2007 - The state of the art in raptor electrocution research: A global review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-19T17:50:21.526996","indexId":"1016425","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The state of the art in raptor electrocution research: A global review","docAbstract":"We systematically reviewed the raptor electrocution literature to evaluate study designs and methods used in raptor electrocution research, mitigation, and monitoring, emphasizing original research published in English. Specifically, we wondered if three decades of effort to reduce raptor electrocutions has had positive effects. The majority of literature examined came from North America, western Europe, and South Africa. In spite of intensive and often sustained effort by industry and governments across three continents for 30 years, reductions in the incidence of electrocution have been demonstrated in only a few studies. Reliable rate estimates of electrocution mortality generally are unavailable, with some exceptions.\r\nNearly half of 110 studies we analyzed in detail were retrospective reviews of historical mortality records, banding data, or results of necropsies on dead birds received at pathology and veterinary facilities. Among prospective studies, less than half used unbiased approaches to sampling and many did not provide enough detail to assess the sampling design used. At this time, few researchers can demonstrate the reliability of standardized retrofitting procedures or the effectiveness of monitoring techniques. Future progress in reducing raptor mortalities on power lines will benefit from properly designed studies that generate rate estimates of mortality, address biasing factors, and include predictions concerning risk and techniques to reduce risk that can be tested in the field or laboratory.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2006.09.015","usgsCitation":"Lehman, R.N., Kennedy, P., and Savidge, J.A., 2007, The state of the art in raptor electrocution research: A global review: Biological Conservation, v. 136, no. 2, p. 159-174, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.09.015.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"174","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"136","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635481","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lehman, Robert N.","contributorId":47746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lehman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, P.L.","contributorId":78680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savidge, J. A.","contributorId":36078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savidge","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70010433,"text":"70010433 - 2007 - Vegetation classification, mapping, and monitoring at Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota: An application of the U.S. National Vegetation Classification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-17T11:54:59.379137","indexId":"70010433","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":849,"text":"Applied Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation classification, mapping, and monitoring at Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota: An application of the U.S. National Vegetation Classification","docAbstract":"Question: How can the U.S. National Vegetation Classification (USNVC) serve as an effective tool for classifying and mapping vegetation, and inform assessments and monitoring? Location: Voyageurs National Park, northern Minnesota, U.S.A and environs. The park contains 54 243 ha of terrestrial habitat in the sub-boreal region of North America. Methods: We classified and mapped the natural vegetation using the USNVC, with 'alliance' and 'association' as base units. We compiled 259 classification plots and 1251 accuracy assessment test plots. Both plot and type ordinations were used to analyse vegetation and environmental patterns. Color infrared aerial photography (1:15840 scale) was used for mapping. Polygons were manually drawn, then transferred into digital form. Classification and mapping products are stored in publicly available databases. Past fire and logging events were used to assess distribution of forest types. Results and Discussion: Ordination and cluster analyses confirmed 49 associations and 42 alliances, with three associations ranked as globally vulnerable to extirpation. Ordination provided a useful summary of vegetation and ecological gradients. Overall map accuracy was 82.4%. Pinus banksiana - Picea mariana forests were less frequent in areas unburned since the 1930s. Conclusion: The USNVC provides a consistent ecological tool for summarizing and mapping vegetation. The products provide a baseline for assessing forests and wetlands, including fire management. The standardized classification and map units provide local to continental perspectives on park resources through linkages to state, provincial, and national classifications in the U.S. and Canada, and to NatureServe's Ecological Systems classification. IAVS; Opulus Press.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1654-109X.2007.tb00435.x","issn":"14022001","usgsCitation":"Faber-Langendoen, D., Aaseng, N., Hop, K., Lew-Smith, M., and Drake, J., 2007, Vegetation classification, mapping, and monitoring at Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota: An application of the U.S. National Vegetation Classification: Applied Vegetation Science, v. 10, no. 3, p. 361-374, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-109X.2007.tb00435.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"361","endPage":"374","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Voyageurs National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.16131591796875,\n 48.29781249243716\n ],\n [\n -92.449951171875,\n 48.29781249243716\n ],\n [\n -92.449951171875,\n 48.64470577018957\n ],\n [\n -93.16131591796875,\n 48.64470577018957\n ],\n [\n -93.16131591796875,\n 48.29781249243716\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc1d1e4b08c986b32a796","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faber-Langendoen, D.","contributorId":14569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faber-Langendoen","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aaseng, N.","contributorId":33049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aaseng","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hop, K. 0000-0002-9928-4773","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9928-4773","contributorId":48702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hop","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lew-Smith, M.","contributorId":23272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lew-Smith","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Drake, J.","contributorId":101003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033120,"text":"70033120 - 2007 - Understanding the genetic effects of recent habitat fragmentation in the context of evolutionary history: Phylogeography and landscape genetics of a southern California endemic Jerusalem cricket (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae: Stenopelmatus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033120","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding the genetic effects of recent habitat fragmentation in the context of evolutionary history: Phylogeography and landscape genetics of a southern California endemic Jerusalem cricket (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae: Stenopelmatus)","docAbstract":"Habitat loss and fragmentation due to urbanization are the most pervasive threats to biodiversity in southern California. Loss of habitat and fragmentation can lower migration rates and genetic connectivity among remaining populations of native species, reducing genetic variability and increasing extinction risk. However, it may be difficult to separate the effects of recent anthropogenic fragmentation from the genetic signature of prehistoric fragmentation due to previous natural geological and climatic changes. To address these challenges, we examined the phylogenetic and population genetic structure of a flightless insect endemic to cismontane southern California, Stenopelmatus 'mahogani' (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae). Analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequence data suggest that diversification across southern California began during the Pleistocene, with most haplotypes currently restricted to a single population. Patterns of genetic divergence correlate with contemporary urbanization, even after correcting for (geographical information system) GIS-based reconstructions of fragmentation during the Pleistocene. Theoretical simulations confirm that contemporary patterns of genetic structure could be produced by recent urban fragmentation using biologically reasonable assumptions about model parameters. Diversity within populations was positively correlated with current fragment size, but not prehistoric fragment size, suggesting that the effects of increased drift following anthropogenic fragmentation are already being seen. Loss of genetic connectivity and diversity can hinder a population's ability to adapt to ecological perturbations commonly associated with urbanization, such as habitat degradation, climatic changes and introduced species. Consequently, our results underscore the importance of preserving and restoring landscape connectivity for long-term persistence of low vagility native species. Journal compilation ?? 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03216.x","issn":"09621083","usgsCitation":"Vandergast, A.G., Bohonak, A., Weissman, D., and Fisher, R., 2007, Understanding the genetic effects of recent habitat fragmentation in the context of evolutionary history: Phylogeography and landscape genetics of a southern California endemic Jerusalem cricket (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae: Stenopelmatus): Molecular Ecology, v. 16, no. 5, p. 977-992, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03216.x.","startPage":"977","endPage":"992","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213154,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03216.x"},{"id":240751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc5de4b08c986b328bb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vandergast, Amy G. 0000-0002-7835-6571","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-6571","contributorId":57201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergast","given":"Amy","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohonak, A.J.","contributorId":20554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohonak","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weissman, D.B.","contributorId":40429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weissman","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034384,"text":"70034384 - 2007 - Geophysical data integration and conditional uncertainty analysis on hydraulic conductivity estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70034384","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geophysical data integration and conditional uncertainty analysis on hydraulic conductivity estimation","docAbstract":"Integration of various geophysical data is essential to better understand aquifer heterogeneity. However, data integration is challenging because there are different levels of support between primary and secondary data needed to be correlated in various ways. This study proposes a geostatistical method to integrate the hydraulic conductivity measurements and electrical resistivity data to better estimate the hydraulic conductivity (K) distribution. The K measurements are obtained from the pumping tests and represent the primary data (hard data). The borehole electrical resistivity data from electrical logs are regarded as the secondary data (soft data). The electrical resistivity data is used to infer hydraulic conductivity values through the Archie law and Kozeny-Carman equation. A pseudo cross-semivariogram is developed to cope with the resistivity data non-collocation. Uncertainty in the auto-semivariograms and pseudo cross-semivariogram is quantified. The methodology is demonstrated by a real-world case study where the hydraulic conductivity is estimated in the Upper Chicot aquifer of Southwestern Louisiana. The groundwater responses by the cokriging and cosimulation of hydraulic conductivity are compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). ?? 2007 ASCE.","largerWorkTitle":"Examining the Confluence of Environmental and Water Concerns - Proceedings of the World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006","conferenceTitle":"World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006: Examining the Confluence of Environmental and Water Concerns","conferenceDate":"21 May 2006 through 25 May 2006","conferenceLocation":"Omaha, NE","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40856(200)128","isbn":"0784408564; 9780784408568","usgsCitation":"Rahman, A., Tsai, F., White, C., Carlson, D., and Willson, C.S., 2007, Geophysical data integration and conditional uncertainty analysis on hydraulic conductivity estimation, in Examining the Confluence of Environmental and Water Concerns - Proceedings of the World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006, Omaha, NE, 21 May 2006 through 25 May 2006, https://doi.org/10.1061/40856(200)128.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216770,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40856(200)128"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a281be4b0c8380cd59e36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rahman, A.","contributorId":93171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rahman","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tsai, F.T.-C.","contributorId":28343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsai","given":"F.T.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, C.D.","contributorId":46664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carlson, D.A.","contributorId":56856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Willson, C. S.","contributorId":90440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Willson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030544,"text":"70030544 - 2007 - Monitoring microearthquakes with the San Andreas fault observatory at depth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70030544","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Monitoring microearthquakes with the San Andreas fault observatory at depth","docAbstract":"In 2005, the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) was drilled through the San Andreas Fault zone at a depth of about 3.1 km. The borehole has subsequently been instrumented with high-frequency geophones in order to better constrain locations and source processes of nearby microearthquakes that will be targeted in the upcoming phase of SAFOD. The microseismic monitoring software MIMO, developed by NORSAR, has been installed at SAFOD to provide near-real time locations and magnitude estimates using the high sampling rate (4000 Hz) waveform data. To improve the detection and location accuracy, we incorporate data from the nearby, shallow borehole (???250 m) seismometers of the High Resolution Seismic Network (HRSN). The event association algorithm of the MIMO software incorporates HRSN detections provided by the USGS real time earthworm software. The concept of the new event association is based on the generalized beam forming, primarily used in array seismology. The method requires the pre-computation of theoretical travel times in a 3D grid of potential microearthquake locations to the seismometers of the current station network. By minimizing the differences between theoretical and observed detection times an event is associated and the location accuracy is significantly improved.","largerWorkTitle":"Society of Petroleum Engineers - 69th European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers Conference and Exhibition 2007 - \"Securing","conferenceTitle":"69th European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers Conference and Exhibition 2007 - ","conferenceDate":"11 June 2007 through 14 June 2007","conferenceLocation":"London","language":"English","isbn":"9781605601557","usgsCitation":"Oye, V., and Ellsworth, W., 2007, Monitoring microearthquakes with the San Andreas fault observatory at depth, in Society of Petroleum Engineers - 69th European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers Conference and Exhibition 2007 - \"Securing, v. 2, London, 11 June 2007 through 14 June 2007, p. 747-751.","startPage":"747","endPage":"751","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5dbfe4b0c8380cd70588","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oye, V.","contributorId":90100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oye","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellsworth, W.L.","contributorId":48541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030579,"text":"70030579 - 2007 - Simulation of submarine groundwater discharge salinity and temperature variations: Implications for remote detection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70030579","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Simulation of submarine groundwater discharge salinity and temperature variations: Implications for remote detection","docAbstract":"A hydrological analysis using a numerical simulation was done to identify the transient response of the salinity and temperature of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and utilize the results to guide data collection. Results indicate that the amount of SGD fluctuates depending on the ocean stage and geology, with the greatest amount of SGD delivered at low tide when the aquifer is in direct hydraulic contact with the ocean. The salinity of SGD remains lower than the ocean throughout the year; however, the salinity difference between the aquifer and ocean is inversely proportional to the ocean stage. The temperature difference between the ocean and SGD fluctuates seasonally, with the greatest temperature differences occurring in summer and winter. The outcome of this research reveals that numerical modelling could potentially be used to guide data collection including aerial surveys using electromagnetic (EM) resistivity and thermal imagery.","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","conferenceTitle":"International Symposium: A New Focus on Groundwater - Seawater Interactions - 24th General Assembly of the In","conferenceDate":"2 July 2007 through 13 July 2007","conferenceLocation":"Perugia","language":"English","issn":"01447","isbn":"9781901502046","usgsCitation":"Dausman, A., Langevin, C., and Sukop, M., 2007, Simulation of submarine groundwater discharge salinity and temperature variations: Implications for remote detection, in IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 312, Perugia, 2 July 2007 through 13 July 2007, p. 272-280.","startPage":"272","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"312","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9098e4b08c986b3195c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dausman, A.M.","contributorId":99373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dausman","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langevin, C.D.","contributorId":25976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sukop, M.C.","contributorId":88468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sukop","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}