We treat both the number of earthquakes and the deformation following a mainshock as the superposition of a steady background accumulation and the postearthquake process. The preseismic displacement and seismicity rates ru and rE are used as estimates of the background rates. Let t be the time after the mainshock, u(t) + u0 the postseismic displacement less the background accumulation rut, and ΔN(t) the observed cumulative number of postseismic earthquakes less the background accumulation rEt. For the first 160 days (duration limited by the occurrence of another nearby earthquake) following the Chengkung (M 6.5, 10 December 2003, eastern Taiwan) and the first 560 days following the Parkfield (M 6.0, 28 September 2004, central California) earthquakes u(t) + u0 is a linear function of ΔN(t). The aftershock accumulation ΔN(t) for both earthquakes is described by the modified Omori Law dΔN/dt ∝ (1 + t/τ)−p with p = 0.96 and τ = 0.03 days. Although the Chengkung earthquake involved sinistral, reverse slip on a moderately dipping fault and the Parkfield earthquake right-lateral slip on a near-vertical fault, the earthquakes share an unusual feature: both occurred on faults exhibiting interseismic fault creep at the surface. The source of the observed postseismic deformation appears to be afterslip on the coseismic rupture. The linear relation between u(t) + u0 and N(t) suggests that this afterslip also generates the aftershocks. The linear relation between u(t) + u0 and ΔN(t) obtains after neither the 1999 M 7.1 Hector Mine (southern California) nor the 1999 M 7.6 Chi-Chi (central Taiwan) earthquakes, neither of which occurred on fault segments exhibiting fault creep.
To investigate whether magnesium isotopes are fractionated during basalt differentiation, we have performed high-precision Mg isotopic analyses by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) on a set of well-characterized samples from Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii, USA. Samples from the Kilauea Iki lava lake, produced by closed-system crystal-melt fractionation, range from olivine-rich cumulates to highly differentiated basalts with MgO content ranging from 2.37 to 26.87 wt.%. Our results demonstrate that although these basalts have diverse chemical compositions, mineralogies, crystallization temperatures and degrees of differentiation, their Mg isotopic compositions display no measurable variation within the limits of our external precision (average δ26Mg = − 0.36 ± 0.10 and δ25Mg = − 0.20 ± 0.07; uncertainties are 2SD). This indicates that Mg isotopic fractionation during crystal-melt fractionation at temperatures of ≥ 1055 °C is undetectable at the level of precision of the current investigation. Calculations based on our data suggest that at near-magmatic temperatures the maximum fractionation in the 26Mg/24Mg ratio between olivine and melt is 0.07‰. Two additional oceanic basalts, two continental basalts (BCR-1 and BCR-2), and two primitive carbonaceous chondrites (Allende and Murchison) analyzed in this study have Mg isotopic compositions similar to the Kilauea Iki lava lake samples. In contrast to a recent report [U. Wiechert, A.N. Halliday, Non-chondritic magnesium and the origins of the inner terrestrial planets, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 256 (2007) 360–371], the results presented here suggest that the Bulk Silicate Earth has a chondritic Mg isotopic composition.
Numerous models are in widespread use for the estimation of soil water retention from more easily measured textural data. Improved models are needed for better prediction and wider applicability. We developed a basic framework from which new and existing models can be derived to facilitate improvements. Starting from the assumption that every particle has a characteristic dimension R associated uniquely with a matric pressure ψ and that the form of the ψ–R relation is the defining characteristic of each model, this framework leads to particular models by specification of geometric relationships between pores and particles. Typical assumptions are that particles are spheres, pores are cylinders with volume equal to the associated particle volume times the void ratio, and that the capillary inverse proportionality between radius and matric pressure is valid. Examples include fixed-pore-shape and fixed-pore-length models. We also developed alternative versions of the model of Arya and Paris that eliminate its interval-size dependence and other problems. The alternative models are calculable by direct application of algebraic formulas rather than manipulation of data tables and intermediate results, and they easily combine with other models (e.g., incorporating structural effects) that are formulated on a continuous basis. Additionally, we developed a family of models based on the same pore geometry as the widely used unsaturated hydraulic conductivity model of Mualem. Predictions of measurements for different suitable media show that some of the models provide consistently good results and can be chosen based on ease of calculations and other factors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/vzj2007.0019","issn":"15391663","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., Herkelrath, W.N., and Laguna, L., 2007, Physically based estimation of soil water retention from textural data: General framework, new models, and streamlined existing models: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 6, no. 4, p. 766-773, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2007.0019.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"766","endPage":"773","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498910,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2007.0019","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239755,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7af0e4b0c8380cd7918e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herkelrath, William N. 0000-0002-6149-5524 wnherkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-5524","contributorId":2612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkelrath","given":"William","email":"wnherkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laguna, Luna","contributorId":12694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laguna","given":"Luna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031408,"text":"70031408 - 2007 - In situ time-series measurements of subseafloor sediment properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-21T12:03:17.038477","indexId":"70031408","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1941,"text":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ time-series measurements of subseafloor sediment properties","docAbstract":"Geochemical tracer data (i.e., 222Rn and four naturally occurring Ra isotopes), electromagnetic (EM) seepage meter results, and high-resolution, stationary electrical resistivity images were used to examine the bi-directional (i.e., submarine groundwater discharge and recharge) exchange of a coastal aquifer with seawater. Our study site for these experiments was Lynch Cove, the terminus of Hood Canal, WA, where fjord-like conditions dramatically limit water column circulation that can lead to recurring summer-time hypoxic events. In such a system a precise nutrient budget may be particularly sensitive to groundwater-derived nutrient loading. Shore-perpendicular time-series subsurface resistivity profiles show clear, decimeter-scale tidal modulation of the coastal aquifer in response to large, regional hydraulic gradients, hydrologically transmissive glacial terrain, and large (4-5 m) tidal amplitudes. A 5-day 222Rn time-series shows a strong inverse covariance between 222Rn activities (0.5−29 dpm L-1) and water level fluctuations, and provides compelling evidence for tidally modulated exchange of groundwater across the sediment/water interface. Mean Rn-derived submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) rates of 85 ± 84 cm d-1 agree closely in the timing and magnitude with EM seepage meter results that showed discharge during low tide and recharge during high tide events. To evaluate the importance of fresh versus saline SGD, Rn-derived SGD rates (as a proxy of total SGD) were compared to excess 226Ra-derived SGD rates (as a proxy for the saline contribution of SGD). The calculated SGD rates, which include a significant (>80%) component of recycled seawater, are used to estimate associated nutrient (NH4+, Si, PO43-, NO3 + NO2, TDN) loads to Lynch Cove. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN = NH4 + NO2 + NO3) SGD loading estimate of 5.9 × 104 mol d-1 is 1−2 orders of magnitude larger than similar estimates derived from atmospheric deposition and surface water runoff, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es070881a","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P., Simonds, F., Paulson, A., Kruse, S., and Reich, C., 2007, Geochemical and geophysical examination of submarine groundwater discharge and associated nutrient loading estimates into Lynch Cove, Hood Canal, WA: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 41, no. 20, p. 7022-7029, https://doi.org/10.1021/es070881a.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"7022","endPage":"7029","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Hood Canal, Lynch Cove","volume":"41","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a15d0e4b0c8380cd54f58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simonds, F. W.","contributorId":54616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonds","given":"F. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paulson, A.J. apaulson@usgs.gov","contributorId":89617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulson","given":"A.J.","email":"apaulson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kruse, S.","contributorId":33103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reich, C.","contributorId":41787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reich","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031444,"text":"70031444 - 2007 - Transport and degradation of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the pyritic Rabis Creek aquifer, Denmark","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:17:44","indexId":"70031444","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport and degradation of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the pyritic Rabis Creek aquifer, Denmark","docAbstract":"Vertical profiles of the chlorofluorocarbons CFC‐11, CFC‐12, and CFC‐113 penetrating aerobic and anaerobic parts of a shallow sandy aquifer show that the CFC gases are degraded in the <1 m thick transition zone from aerobic to anaerobic groundwater in a pyritic sand aquifer at Rabis Creek, Denmark. Two‐dimensional solute transport simulations with either zero‐order or first‐order degradation in the anaerobic zone corroborate this interpretation. The transport model was previously calibrated against detailed tritium profiles in the same wells. First‐order degradation is found to best match the observed CFC profiles yielding an approximate half‐life of a few months for CFC‐11. Degradation is not as clearly recognized for CFC‐12 and CFC‐113, but it may occur with rates corresponding to a half‐life of a few years or more. Data indicate a geochemical control of the CFC concentration gradient at the redox front and that denitrification and denitrifiers are not of major importance for the observed CFC degradation. The responsible mechanism behind the observed degradation is not known but we suggest that reductive dehalogenation by surface‐bound Fe(II) on pyrite possibly enhanced by the presence of Fe(III)‐bearing weathering products (green rust) may be a plausible mechanism. The observed data and the performed simulations confirm the potential application of the CFC gases as age‐dating tools in the aerobic part of the investigated aquifer, but also that CFC data must be analyzed carefully before it is used as a dating tool in reducing aquifers because degradation may have occurred. The use of multiple or alternative tracers should be considered in anaerobic environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006WR005854","usgsCitation":"Hinsby, K., Højberg, A., Engesgaard, P., Jensen, K., Larsen, F., Plummer, N., and Busenberg, E., 2007, Transport and degradation of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the pyritic Rabis Creek aquifer, Denmark: Water Resources Research, v. 43, no. 10, Article W10423; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005854.","productDescription":"Article W10423; 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487015,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006wr005854","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Denmark","otherGeospatial":"Rabis Creek aquifer","volume":"43","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb73ae4b08c986b32711e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinsby, K.","contributorId":15013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinsby","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Højberg, Anker L.","contributorId":187776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Højberg","given":"Anker L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engesgaard, P.","contributorId":12695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engesgaard","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jensen, K.H.","contributorId":75710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larsen, F.","contributorId":104288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70031452,"text":"70031452 - 2007 - A rangewide population genetic study of trumpeter swans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70031452","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A rangewide population genetic study of trumpeter swans","docAbstract":"For management purposes, the range of naturally occurring trumpeter swans (Cygnus buccinator) has been divided into two populations, the Pacific Coast Population (PP) and the Rocky Mountain Population (RMP). Little is known about the distribution of genetic variation across the species' range despite increasing pressure to make difficult management decisions regarding the two populations and flocks within them. To address this issue, we used rapidly evolving genetic markers (mitochondrial DNA sequence and 17 nuclear microsatellite loci) to elucidate the underlying genetic structure of the species. Data from both markers revealed a significant difference between the PP and RMP with the Yukon Territory as a likely area of overlap. Additionally, we found that the two populations have somewhat similar levels of genetic diversity (PP is slightly higher) suggesting that the PP underwent a population bottleneck similar to a well-documented one in the RMP. Both genetic structure and diversity results reveal that the Tri-State flock, a suspected unique, non-migratory flock, is not genetically different from the Canadian flock of the RMP and need not be treated as a unique population from a genetic standpoint. Finally, trumpeter swans appear to have much lower mitochondrial DNA variability than other waterfowl studied thus far which may suggest a previous, species-wide bottleneck. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Genetics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10592-006-9282-y","issn":"15660621","usgsCitation":"Oyler-McCance, S., Ransler, F., Berkman, L., and Quinn, T., 2007, A rangewide population genetic study of trumpeter swans: Conservation Genetics, v. 8, no. 6, p. 1339-1353, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-006-9282-y.","startPage":"1339","endPage":"1353","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212469,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-006-9282-y"},{"id":239959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e52ae4b0c8380cd46b92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oyler-McCance, S.J.","contributorId":75877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ransler, F.A.","contributorId":92034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ransler","given":"F.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berkman, L.K.","contributorId":9862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkman","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quinn, T.W.","contributorId":37285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031453,"text":"70031453 - 2007 - Quantification of changes in metal loading from storm runoff, Merse River (Tuscany, Italy)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-11T06:24:44","indexId":"70031453","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2745,"text":"Mine Water and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantification of changes in metal loading from storm runoff, Merse River (Tuscany, Italy)","docAbstract":"The Merse River in Tuscany is affected by mine drainage and the weathering of mine wastes along several kilometres of its catchment. The metal loading to the stream was quantified by defining detailed profiles of discharge and concentration, using tracer-dilution and synoptic-sampling techniques. During the course of a field experiment to evaluate metal loading to the Merse, such data were obtained for both storm and pre-storm conditions, providing a unique opportunity for comparison. Iron, Cu, and Mn were chosen to illustrate changes resulting from the storm. The total-recoverable load of Fe increased 21-fold, while loads of Cu and Mn increased by 8- and 7-fold, respectively, during the storm runoff. The increases most likely resulted from flushing particulates from near the stream, resuspension of colloidal material from the streambed, and increased ground-water inflow to the stream. The increases in Cu and Mn loads results from their association with colloids. It is possible that in-stream colloids had relatively more Cu than Mn, while near-stream colloids had relatively more Mn. Each of the metals also increased as a result of increased ground-water discharge during the storm. Despite great increases in load, the filterable concentrations of these metals did not increase substantially, remaining below chronic levels of toxicity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10230-007-0020-6","issn":"10259112","usgsCitation":"Kimball, B.A., Bianchi, F., Walton-Day, K., Runkel, R.L., Nannucci, M., and Salvadori, A., 2007, Quantification of changes in metal loading from storm runoff, Merse River (Tuscany, Italy): Mine Water and the Environment, v. 26, no. 4, p. 209-216, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-007-0020-6.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"216","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477187,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.607.3689","text":"External Repository"},{"id":239960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212470,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10230-007-0020-6"}],"country":"Italy","county":"Tuscany","otherGeospatial":"Merse 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Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bianchi, F.","contributorId":80490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bianchi","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193 kwaltond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":1245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","email":"kwaltond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":431553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Runkel, Robert 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modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T13:18:54","indexId":"70031456","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adequacy of satellite derived rainfall data for stream flow modeling","docAbstract":"Floods are the most common and widespread climate-related hazard on Earth. Flood forecasting can reduce the death toll associated with floods. Satellites offer effective and economical means for calculating areal rainfall estimates in sparsely gauged regions. However, satellite-based rainfall estimates have had limited use in flood forecasting and hydrologic stream flow modeling because the rainfall estimates were considered to be unreliable. In this study we present the calibration and validation results from a spatially distributed hydrologic model driven by daily satellite-based estimates of rainfall for sub-basins of the Nile and Mekong Rivers. The results demonstrate the usefulness of remotely sensed precipitation data for hydrologic modeling when the hydrologic model is calibrated with such data. However, the remotely sensed rainfall estimates cannot be used confidently with hydrologic models that are calibrated with rain gauge measured rainfall, unless the model is recalibrated. ?? Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2007.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11069-007-9121-6","issn":"0921030X","usgsCitation":"Artan, G., Gadain, H., Smith, J., Asante, K., Bandaragoda, C., and Verdin, J., 2007, Adequacy of satellite derived rainfall data for stream flow modeling: Natural Hazards, v. 43, no. 2, p. 167-185, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-007-9121-6.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"185","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":212500,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-007-9121-6"},{"id":239993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6f3e4b0c8380cd47745","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Artan, G.","contributorId":27262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artan","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gadain, Hussein","contributorId":6255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gadain","given":"Hussein","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Jodie","contributorId":29531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Jodie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Asante, Kwasi","contributorId":59632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asante","given":"Kwasi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bandaragoda, C.J.","contributorId":98947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bandaragoda","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Verdin, J. P. 0000-0003-0238-9657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":33033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031467,"text":"70031467 - 2007 - Random forests for classification in ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:12","indexId":"70031467","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Random forests for classification in ecology","docAbstract":"Classification procedures are some of the most widely used statistical methods in ecology. Random forests (RF) is a new and powerful statistical classifier that is well established in other disciplines but is relatively unknown in ecology. Advantages of RF compared to other statistical classifiers include (1) very high classification accuracy; (2) a novel method of determining variable importance; (3) ability to model complex interactions among predictor variables; (4) flexibility to perform several types of statistical data analysis, including regression, classification, survival analysis, and unsupervised learning; and (5) an algorithm for imputing missing values. We compared the accuracies of RF and four other commonly used statistical classifiers using data on invasive plant species presence in Lava Beds National Monument, California, USA, rare lichen species presence in the Pacific Northwest, USA, and nest sites for cavity nesting birds in the Uinta Mountains, Utah, USA. We observed high classification accuracy in all applications as measured by cross-validation and, in the case of the lichen data, by independent test data, when comparing RF to other common classification methods. We also observed that the variables that RF identified as most important for classifying invasive plant species coincided with expectations based on the literature. ?? 2007 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/07-0539.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Cutler, D., Edwards, T., Beard, K., Cutler, A., Hess, K., Gibson, J., and Lawler, J., 2007, Random forests for classification in ecology: Ecology, v. 88, no. 11, p. 2783-2792, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0539.1.","startPage":"2783","endPage":"2792","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212176,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-0539.1"},{"id":239626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9494e4b0c8380cd814c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cutler, D.R.","contributorId":89684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cutler","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, T.C. 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In recent years, the probability of detecting defined population trends has been the most common method of assessing monitoring programs. Such analyses require many assumptions, including a model for population change and a model for variance. To demonstrate potential effects of these assumptions on power analysis results, we present data for Red-tailed Tropicbirds (Phaethon rubricauda) from Tern Island, Hawaii. Depending on our assumptions, the power to detect a 50% decline over 10 years varied from 80% to 100%. We argue that monitoring standards based upon the ability to detect population trends should be applied cautiously. As a complementary approach, we propose that monitoring standards should emphasize attributes of sampling design that increase precision (e.g., randomization, bias, and detection probability). By using standards of precision, managers can focus on the sources of variation that can be minimized. A sampling design approach to monitoring standards provides a useful complement to standards of statistical power to detect annual trends.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2007.08.007","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Seavy, N., and Reynolds, M., 2007, Is statistical power to detect trends a good assessment of population monitoring?: Biological Conservation, v. 140, no. 1-2, p. 187-191, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2007.08.007.","startPage":"187","endPage":"191","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212472,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2007.08.007"},{"id":239962,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"140","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f2ce4b0c8380cd64306","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seavy, N.E.","contributorId":26403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seavy","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, M.H. 0000-0001-7253-8158","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-8158","contributorId":64214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031498,"text":"70031498 - 2007 - Persistent chlordane concentrations in long island sound sediment: Implications from chlordane, 210Pb, and 137Cs profiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-02T21:28:45","indexId":"70031498","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistent chlordane concentrations in long island sound sediment: Implications from chlordane, 210Pb, and 137Cs profiles","docAbstract":"Concentrations of chlordane, a banned termiticide and pesticide, were examined in recently collected surficial sediment (10 sites) and sediment cores (4 sites) in Long Island Sound (LIS).The highest chlordane concentrations were observed in western LIS, near highly urbanized areas. Chlordane concentrations did not decrease significantly in the past decade when compared to the data collected in 1996, consistent with the observation of near-constant chlordane levels in blue mussel tissues collected during the same time period. Chlordane concentrations in many of the sites exceeded levels above which harmful effects on sediment-dwelling organisms are expected to frequently occur. Chlordane concentrations in two of the four sediment cores showed a peak below the sediment surface, suggesting reduced chlordane inputs in recent years. The lack of a chlordane concentration maximum below the sediment surface in the other two cores, coupled with the lack of a well-defined 137Cs peak, indicated significant sediment mixing. Simulations of 137Cs and 210Pb profiles in sediment cores with a simple sediment-mixing model were used to constrain both the deposition rate and the bioturbation rate of the sediment. Simulations of the chlordane profiles indicated continued chlordane input to LIS long after chlordane was phased out in the U.S. Continued chlordane input and significant sediment mixing may have contributed to the persistent chlordane concentrations in surficial sediment, which poses long-term threats to benthic organisms in LIS.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es070749a","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Yang, L., Li, X., Crusius, J., Jans, U., Melcer, M., and Zhang, P., 2007, Persistent chlordane concentrations in long island sound sediment: Implications from chlordane, 210Pb, and 137Cs profiles: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 41, no. 22, p. 7723-7729, https://doi.org/10.1021/es070749a.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"7723","endPage":"7729","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240140,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.674072265625,\n 40.22082997283287\n ],\n [\n -71.3177490234375,\n 40.22082997283287\n ],\n [\n -71.3177490234375,\n 41.5579215778042\n ],\n [\n -74.674072265625,\n 41.5579215778042\n ],\n [\n -74.674072265625,\n 40.22082997283287\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76f4e4b0c8380cd783b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, L.","contributorId":6200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, X.","contributorId":67635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jans, U.","contributorId":35545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jans","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Melcer, M.E.","contributorId":57270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcer","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhang, P.","contributorId":92822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031501,"text":"70031501 - 2007 - Late quaternary paleoseismology of the southern Steens fault zone, northern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:12","indexId":"70031501","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late quaternary paleoseismology of the southern Steens fault zone, northern Nevada","docAbstract":"The 192-km-long Steens fault zone is the most prominent normal fault system in the northern Basin and Range province of western North America. We use trench mapping and radiometric dating to estimate displacements and timing of the last three surface-rupturing earthquakes (E1-E3) on the southern part of the fault south of Denio, Nevada. Coseismic displacements range from 1.1 to 2.2 ?? 0.5 m, and radiometric ages indicate earthquake times of 11.5 ?? 2.0 ka (E3), 6.1 ?? 0.5 ka (E2), and 4.6 ?? 1.0 ka (E1). These data yield recurrence intervals of 5.4 ?? 2.1 k.y. between E3 and E2, 1.5 ?? 1.1 k.y. between E2 and E1, and an elapsed time of 4.6 ?? 1.0 k.y. since E1. The recurrence data yield variable interval slip rates (between 0.2 ?? 0.22 and 1.5 ?? 2.3 mm/yr), but slip rates averaged over the past ???18 k.y. (0.24 ?? 0.06 mm/year) are similar to long-term (8.5-12.5 Ma) slip rates (0.2 ?? 0.1 mm /yr) measured a few kilometers to the north. We infer from the lack of significant topographic relief across the fault in Bog Hot Valley that the fault zone is propagating southward and may now be connected with a fault at the northwestern end of the Pine Forest Range. Displacements documented in the trench and a rupture length of 37 km indicate a history of three latest Quaternary earthquakes with magnitudes of M 6.6-7.1 on the southern part of the Steens fault zone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120060202","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Personius, S., Crone, A.J., Machette, M.N., Mahan, S., Kyung, J., Cisneros, H., and Lidke, D., 2007, Late quaternary paleoseismology of the southern Steens fault zone, northern Nevada: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 97, no. 5, p. 1662-1678, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060202.","startPage":"1662","endPage":"1678","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212178,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120060202"},{"id":239628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4557e4b0c8380cd67229","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Personius, S. F. 0000-0001-8347-7370","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-7370","contributorId":31408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"S. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crone, A. J.","contributorId":84363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Machette, M. N.","contributorId":19561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machette","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mahan, S. A. 0000-0001-5214-7774","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":94333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kyung, J.B.","contributorId":7499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kyung","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cisneros, H.","contributorId":60857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cisneros","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lidke, D. J.","contributorId":10857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidke","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70031504,"text":"70031504 - 2007 - Regional beach/cliff system dynamics along the california coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70031504","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Regional beach/cliff system dynamics along the california coast","docAbstract":"The coast of California is comprised of both sandy shorelines and cliffed coastline, and in many areas these features spatially coincide. In order to better understand the regional trends of change along the California coast, the U.S. Geological Survey is quantifying both sandy shoreline change and coastal cliff retreat for the state. The resulting database was used to examine the dynamics of the beach/cliff system. We found inconsistent evidence of a relationship between rates of cliff retreat and shoreline change on the spatial scale of 100-km cells. However, when the data are correlated within individual regions, a strong relationship exists between the geomorphology of the coast and the behavior of the beach/cliff system. Areas of high-relief coast show negative correlations, indicating that higher rates of cliff retreat correlate with lower rates of shoreline erosion. In contrast, low- to moderate-relief coasts show strong positive correlations.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","conferenceTitle":"6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","conferenceDate":"13 May 2007 through 17 May 2007","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40926(239)133","isbn":"0784409269; 9780784409268","usgsCitation":"Hapke, C., and Reid, D., 2007, Regional beach/cliff system dynamics along the california coast, in Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes, New Orleans, LA, 13 May 2007 through 17 May 2007, https://doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)133.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212237,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)133"},{"id":239695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a4aee4b0e8fec6cdbbfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hapke, C.J.","contributorId":108233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, Don","contributorId":68110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Don","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031508,"text":"70031508 - 2007 - Analysis of impacts of urban land use and land cover on air quality in the Las Vegas region using remote sensing information and ground observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-12T15:58:28","indexId":"70031508","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of impacts of urban land use and land cover on air quality in the Las Vegas region using remote sensing information and ground observations","docAbstract":"Urban development in the Las Vegas Valley of Nevada (USA) has expanded rapidly over the past 50 years. The air quality in the valley has suffered owing to increases from anthropogenic emissions of carbon monoxide, ozone and criteria pollutants of particular matter. Air quality observations show that pollutant concentrations have apparent heterogeneous characteristics in the urban area. Quantified urban land use and land cover information derived from satellite remote sensing data indicate an apparent local influence of urban development density on air pollutant distributions. Multi‐year observational data collected by a network of local air monitoring stations specify that ozone maximums develop in the May and June timeframe, whereas minimum concentrations generally occur from November to February. The fine particulate matter maximum occurs in July. Ozone concentrations are highest on the west and northwest sides of the valley. Night‐time ozone reduction contributes to the heterogeneous features of the spatial distribution for average ozone levels in the Las Vegas metropolitan area. Decreased ozone levels associated with increased urban development density suggest that the highest ozone and lowest nitrogen oxides concentrations are associated with medium to low density urban development in Las Vegas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431160701227653","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Xian, G., 2007, Analysis of impacts of urban land use and land cover on air quality in the Las Vegas region using remote sensing information and ground observations: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 28, no. 24, p. 5427-5445, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160701227653.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"5427","endPage":"5445","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212267,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160701227653"}],"volume":"28","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb1ce4b0c8380cd48c19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xian, G. 0000-0001-5674-2204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":65656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031513,"text":"70031513 - 2007 - MODIS imagery as a tool for synoptic water quality assessments in the southern California coastal ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-05T12:14:26.557776","indexId":"70031513","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"MODIS imagery as a tool for synoptic water quality assessments in the southern California coastal ocean","docAbstract":"The dynamics of rainstorm plumes in the coastal waters of southern California was studied during the Bight'03 Regional Water Quality Program surveys. Measurements of surface salinity and bacterial counts collected from research vessels were compared to MODIS-Aqua satellite imagery. The spectra of normalized water-leaving radiation (nLw) were different in plumes and ambient ocean waters, enabling plumes discrimination and plume area size assessments from remotely-sensed data. The plume/ocean nLw differences (i.e., plume optical signatures) were most evident during first days after the rainstorm over the San Pedro shelf and in the San Diego region and less evident in Santa Monica Bay, where suspended sediments concentration in discharged water was lower than in other regions. In the Ventura area, plumes contained more suspended sediments than in other regions, but the grid of ship-based stations covered only a small part of the freshwater plume and was insufficient to reveal the differences between the plume and ocean optical signatures. The accuracy of plume area assessments from satellite imagery was not high (77% on average), seemingly because of inexactitude in satellite data processing. Nevertheless, satellite imagery is a useful tool for the estimation of the extent of polluted plumes, which is hardly achievable by contact methods.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Coastal Ocean Remote Sensing","conferenceDate":"August 26-27, 2007","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.732754","issn":"0277786X","isbn":"9780819468284","usgsCitation":"Nezlin, N., DiGiacomo, P., Jones, B., Reifel, K., Warrick, J., Johnson, S., and Mengel, M., 2007, MODIS imagery as a tool for synoptic water quality assessments in the southern California coastal ocean, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 6680, San Diego, CA, August 26-27, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.732754.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239794,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6680","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ae6e4b0c8380cd69127","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nezlin, N.P.","contributorId":77644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nezlin","given":"N.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DiGiacomo, P.M.","contributorId":39501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiGiacomo","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, B.H.","contributorId":96810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reifel, K.M.","contributorId":49327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reifel","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Warrick, J.A.","contributorId":53503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, S.C.","contributorId":93008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mengel, M.J.","contributorId":21267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mengel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70031514,"text":"70031514 - 2007 - Aeromagnetic mapping of the structure of Pine Canyon caldera and Chisos Mountains intrusion, Big Bend National Park, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70031514","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aeromagnetic mapping of the structure of Pine Canyon caldera and Chisos Mountains intrusion, Big Bend National Park, Texas","docAbstract":"Analysis of aeromagnetic and gravity data reveals new details of the structure, igneous geology, and temporal evolution of the prominent, enigmatic ca.32 Ma Pine Canyon caldera and the Chisos Mountains (Big Bend National Park, Texas). The main caldera-filling Pine Canyon Rhyolite, the oldest member of the South Rim Formation, is reversely magnetized, allowing it to be used as a key marker bed for determining caldera fill thickness. Modeling of gravity and magnetic anomalies indicates that the Pine Canyon Rhyolite is probably thicker in the northeastern part of the caldera. Lineaments in the magnetic data suggest the presence of buried faults beneath the caldera that may have led to increased downdrop in the northeast versus the southwest, allowing a thicker section of caldera fill to accumulate there. The Pine Canyon caldera has been interpreted as a downsag caldera because it lacks surficial faulting, so these inferred faults are the first mapped features there that could be responsible for caldera collapse. The caldera boundary correlates well with the margins of a gravity low. General features of the caldera match well with basic models of downsag calderas, meaning that the Pine Canyon caldera may be a classic example of downsagging, of which few well-described examples exist, in terms of a geophysical signature. The source of a long-wavelength magnetic high over the Chisos Mountains is interpreted as a previously unknown broad intrusion, the long axis of which trends parallel to a major crustal boundary related to the Ouachita orogeny or an even earlier Precambrian margin. This feature represents the largest intrusion (28-34 km diameter, 1-4 km thick, 700-3000 km3 in volume) in an area where relatively small laccoliths are ubiquitous. The intrusion most likely represents a long-lived (>1 m.y.) reservoir replenished by small batches of magma of varying composition, as reflected in the variation of eruptive products from the Pine Canyon and Sierra Quemada calderas. The intrusion may represent the easternmost occurrence of voluminous Tertiary magmatism in the southwestern United States. ?? 2007 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B26150.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Drenth, B., and Finn, C., 2007, Aeromagnetic mapping of the structure of Pine Canyon caldera and Chisos Mountains intrusion, Big Bend National Park, Texas: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 119, no. 11-12, p. 1521-1534, https://doi.org/10.1130/B26150.1.","startPage":"1521","endPage":"1534","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212354,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B26150.1"},{"id":239825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e89ee4b0c8380cd47dee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drenth, B. J.","contributorId":49885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drenth","given":"B. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, C. A. 0000-0002-6178-0405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":93917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031527,"text":"70031527 - 2007 - Evaluation of a non-point source pollution model, AnnAGNPS, in a tropical watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70031527","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of a non-point source pollution model, AnnAGNPS, in a tropical watershed","docAbstract":"Impaired water quality caused by human activity and the spread of invasive plant and animal species has been identified as a major factor of degradation of coastal ecosystems in the tropics. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of AnnAGNPS (Annualized Non-Point Source Pollution Model), in simulating runoff and soil erosion in a 48 km2 watershed located on the Island of Kauai, Hawaii. The model was calibrated and validated using 2 years of observed stream flow and sediment load data. Alternative scenarios of spatial rainfall distribution and canopy interception were evaluated. Monthly runoff volumes predicted by AnnAGNPS compared well with the measured data (R2 = 0.90, P < 0.05); however, up to 60% difference between the actual and simulated runoff were observed during the driest months (May and July). Prediction of daily runoff was less accurate (R2 = 0.55, P < 0.05). Predicted and observed sediment yield on a daily basis was poorly correlated (R2 = 0.5, P < 0.05). For the events of small magnitude, the model generally overestimated sediment yield, while the opposite was true for larger events. Total monthly sediment yield varied within 50% of the observed values, except for May 2004. Among the input parameters the model was most sensitive to the values of ground residue cover and canopy cover. It was found that approximately one third of the watershed area had low sediment yield (0-1 t ha-1 y-1), and presented limited erosion threat. However, 5% of the area had sediment yields in excess of 5 t ha-1 y-1. Overall, the model performed reasonably well, and it can be used as a management tool on tropical watersheds to estimate and compare sediment loads, and identify \"hot spots\" on the landscape. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Modelling and Software","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2006.12.001","issn":"13648152","usgsCitation":"Polyakov, V., Fares, A., Kubo, D., Jacobi, J., and Smith, C., 2007, Evaluation of a non-point source pollution model, AnnAGNPS, in a tropical watershed: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 22, no. 11, p. 1617-1627, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2006.12.001.","startPage":"1617","endPage":"1627","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212537,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2006.12.001"},{"id":240034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c34e4b0c8380cd52a90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Polyakov, V.","contributorId":96900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polyakov","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fares, A.","contributorId":12697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fares","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kubo, D.","contributorId":52401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubo","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jacobi, J.","contributorId":97321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobi","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, C.","contributorId":96429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031528,"text":"70031528 - 2007 - Use of a watershed model to characterize the fate and transport of fluometuron, a soil-applied cotton herbicide, in surface water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70031528","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2040,"text":"International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of a watershed model to characterize the fate and transport of fluometuron, a soil-applied cotton herbicide, in surface water","docAbstract":"The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to characterize the fate and transport of fluometuron (a herbicide used on cotton) in the Bogue Phalia Basin in northwestern Mississippi, USA. SWAT is a basin-scale watershed model, able to simulate hydrological, chemical, and sediment transport processes. After adjustments to a few parameters (specifically the SURLAG variable, the runoff curve number, Manning's N for overland flow, soil available water capacity, and the base-flow alpha factor) the SWAT model fit the observed streamflow well (the Coefficient of Efficiency and R2 were greater than 60). The results from comparing observed fluometuron concentrations with simulated concentrations were reasonable. The simulated concentrations (which were daily averages) followed the pattern of observed concentrations (instantaneous values) closely, but could be off in magnitude at times. Further calibration might have improved the fit, but given the uncertainties in the input data, it was not clear that any improvement would be due to a better understanding of the input variables. ?? 2007 Taylor & Francis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/03067310701627819","issn":"03067319","usgsCitation":"Coupe, R., 2007, Use of a watershed model to characterize the fate and transport of fluometuron, a soil-applied cotton herbicide, in surface water: International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, v. 87, no. 13-14, p. 883-896, https://doi.org/10.1080/03067310701627819.","startPage":"883","endPage":"896","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212538,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03067310701627819"},{"id":240035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"13-14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbea1e4b08c986b3296cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coupe, R.H.","contributorId":84778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}