{"pageNumber":"878","pageRowStart":"21925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68935,"records":[{"id":97331,"text":"sir20085201 - 2008 - Water Quality Conditions in Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:26","indexId":"sir20085201","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5201","title":"Water Quality Conditions in Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, 2006","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey Upper Klamath Lake water quality monitoring program gathered information from multiparameter continuous water quality monitors, physical water samples, dissolved oxygen production and consumption experiments, and meteorological stations during the June-October 2006 field season. The 2006 study area included Agency Lake and all of Upper Klamath Lake. Seasonal patterns in water quality were similar to those observed in 2005, the first year of the monitoring program, and were closely related to bloom dynamics of the cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA) in the two lakes. High dissolved oxygen and pH conditions in both lakes before the bloom declined in July, which coincided with seasonal high temperatures and resulted in seasonal lows in dissolved oxygen and decreased pH. Dissolved oxygen and pH in Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes increased again after the bloom recovered. Seasonal low dissolved oxygen and decreased pH coincided with seasonal highs in ammonia and orthophosphate concentrations. Seasonal maximum daily average temperatures were higher and minimum dissolved oxygen concentrations were lower in 2006 than in 2005. \r\n\r\nConditions potentially harmful to fish were influenced by seasonal patterns in bloom dynamics and bathymetry. Potentially harmful low dissolved oxygen and high un-ionized ammonia concentrations occurred mostly at the deepest sites in the Upper Klamath Lake during late July, coincident with a bloom decline. Potentially harmful pH conditions occurred mostly at sites outside the deepest parts of the lake in July and September, coincident with a heavy bloom. Instances of possible gas bubble formation, inferred from dissolved oxygen data, were estimated to occur frequently in shallow areas of Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes simultaneously with potentially harmful pH conditions. \r\n\r\nComparison of the data from monitors in nearshore areas and monitors near the surface of the water column in the open waters of Upper Klamath Lake revealed few differences in water quality dynamics. Median daily temperatures were higher in nearshore areas, and dissolved oxygen concentrations were periodically higher as well during periods of high AFA bloom. Differences between the two areas in water quality conditions potentially harmful to fish were not statistically significant (p < 0.05). \r\n\r\nChlorophyll a concentrations varied temporally and spatially throughout Upper Klamath Lake. Chlorophyll a concentrations indicated an algal bloom in late June and early July that was followed by an algae bloom decline in late July and early August and a subsequent recovery in mid-August. Sites in the deepest part of the lake, where some of the highest chlorophyll a concentrations were observed, were the same sites where the lowest dissolved oxygen concentrations and the highest un-ionized ammonia concentrations were recorded during the bloom decline, indicating cell senescence. Total phosphorus concentrations limited the initial algal bloom in late June and early July. \r\n\r\nThe rate of net dissolved oxygen production (that is, production in excess of community respiration) and consumption (due to community respiration) in the lake water column as measured in light and dark bottles, respectively, ranged from 2.79 to -2.14 milligrams of oxygen per liter per hour. Net production rate generally correlated positively with chlorophyll a concentration, except episodically at a few sites where high chlorophyll a concentrations resulted in self-shading that inhibited photosynthesis. The depth of photic zone was inversely correlated with chlorophyll a concentration. Calculations of a 24-hour change in dissolved oxygen concentration indicated that oxygen-consuming processes predominated at the deep trench sites and oxygen-producing processes predominated at the shallow sites. In addition, calculations of the 24-hour change in dissolved oxygen indicate that oxygen-consuming processes in the water column di","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085201","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Lindenberg, M.K., Hoilman, G., and Wood, T.M., 2008, Water Quality Conditions in Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5201, viii, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085201.","productDescription":"viii, 55 p.","temporalStart":"2006-06-01","temporalEnd":"2006-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5201.jpg"},{"id":12384,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5201/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.16666666666667,42.166666666666664 ], [ -122.16666666666667,42.583333333333336 ], [ -121.75,42.583333333333336 ], [ -121.75,42.166666666666664 ], [ -122.16666666666667,42.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd3e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindenberg, Mary K.","contributorId":40290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindenberg","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoilman, Gene","contributorId":6961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoilman","given":"Gene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, Tamara M. 0000-0001-6057-8080 tmwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-8080","contributorId":1164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Tamara","email":"tmwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97339,"text":"sir20085182 - 2008 - Ground-Water Flow, 2004-07, and Water Quality, 1992-2007, in McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:28","indexId":"sir20085182","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5182","title":"Ground-Water Flow, 2004-07, and Water Quality, 1992-2007, in McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of Columbia, Missouri, and the Missouri Department of Conservation, collected ground-water quality data, surface-water quality data, and water-level data in McBaine Bottoms, southwest of Columbia. McBaine Bottoms, adjacent to the Missouri River, is the location of the municipal-supply well field for the city of Columbia, the city of Columbia wastewater-treatment wetlands, and the Missouri Department of Conservation Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area. This report describes the ground-water flow and water quality of McBaine Bottoms and provides information to better understand the interaction between treated effluent from the wetlands used on the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area and the water in the alluvial aquifer that is pumped from the city of Columbia municipal-supply well field.\r\nChanges in major chemical constituent concentrations have been detected at several sampling sites between pre- and post-effluent application data. Analysis of post-effluent data indicates substantial changes in calcium, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate concentrations in ground water. These changes became apparent shortly after the beginning of the operation of the wastewater-treatment wetland in 1994 and the formation of the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area, which uses the treated effluent as a water source for the management of migratory water fowl. The changes have continued throughout the 15 years of sample collection. The concentrations of these major chemical constituents are on the mixing continuum between pre-effluent ground water as one end member and the treated wastewater effluent as the other end member. For monitoring wells that had changes in major chemical constituent concentrations, the relative percentage of treated effluent in the ground water, assuming chloride is conservative, ranged from 6 to 88 percent.\r\nTwenty-two monitoring wells throughout McBaine Bottoms have been affected by effluent based on chloride concentrations larger than 40 milligrams per liter. The chloride concentration of ground water in the alluvial aquifer reflects several sources, including precipitation, water from the Missouri River, water in the aquifer, and the treated effluent. Chloride concentrations from precipitation, the Missouri River, and water in the alluvial aquifer were less than 40 milligrams per liter. These monitoring wells affected by effluent are located in two general areas - adjacent to treatment wetland unit 1 and near the ground-water high on and north of the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area. The probable source of the large chloride concentrations in well samples adjacent to treatment wetland unit 1 is leakage from the unit. The source for the large chloride concentrations in the other monitoring well samples is the effluent mixed with ground water and Missouri River water that is used to fill pools on the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area. One monitoring well had a single sample with a chloride concentration larger than 40 milligrams per liter. That sample may have been affected by the use of road salt because of the presence of ice and snow immediately before the sample was collected.\r\nLateral ground-water flow was dominated by the presence of a persistent ground-water high beneath the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area and the presence of a cone of depression centered around the city of Columbia well field in the northern part of the study area. Ground-water flow was radially away from the apex of the ground-water high; west and south of the high, flow was toward the Missouri River, east of the high, flow was toward Perche Creek, and north of the high, flow was to the north toward the cone of depression around the city of Columbia well field. Another permanent feature on the water-level maps was a ground-water high beneath treatment wetland unit 1.\r\nAlthough the ground-water high was present throughout the study period, the subsurface expression of the high changed depending on hydrolo","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085182","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Columbia and the Missouri Department of Conservation","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.J., and Richards, J.M., 2008, Ground-Water Flow, 2004-07, and Water Quality, 1992-2007, in McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5182, vi, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085182.","productDescription":"vi, 70 p.","temporalStart":"1992-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12392,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5182/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.5,38.8 ], [ -92.5,38.916666666666664 ], [ -92.36666666666666,38.916666666666664 ], [ -92.36666666666666,38.8 ], [ -92.5,38.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5ee20c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Brenda Joyce","contributorId":34611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Brenda","email":"","middleInitial":"Joyce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richards, Joseph M. 0000-0002-9822-2706 richards@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9822-2706","contributorId":2370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Joseph","email":"richards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97328,"text":"sir20085149 - 2008 - Summary of aquifer test data for Arkansas – 1940-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T22:18:43.025867","indexId":"sir20085149","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5149","title":"Summary of aquifer test data for Arkansas – 1940-2006","docAbstract":"As demands on Arkansas's ground water continue to increase, decision-makers need all available information to ensure the sustainability of this important natural resource. From 1940 through 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey has conducted over 300 aquifer tests in Arkansas. Much of these data never have been published. This report presents the results from 206 of these aquifer tests from 21 different hydrogeologic units spread across 51 Arkansas counties. Ten of the hydrogeologic units are within the Atlantic Plain of Arkansas and consist mostly of unconsolidated and semi-consolidated deposits. The remaining 11 units are within the Interior Highlands consisting mainly of consolidated rock.\r\n\r\nDescriptive statistics are reported for each hydrologic unit with two or more tests, including the mean, minimum, median, maximum and standard deviation values for specific capacity, transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity, and storage coefficient.\r\n\r\nHydraulic conductivity values for the major water-bearing hydrogeologic units are estimated because few conductivity values are recorded in the original records. Nearly all estimated hydraulic conductivity values agree with published hydraulic conductivity values based on the hydrogeologic unit material types. Similarly, because few specific capacity values were available in the original aquifer test records, specific capacity values are estimated for individual wells.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085149","usgsCitation":"Pugh, A., 2008, Summary of aquifer test data for Arkansas – 1940-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5149, iv, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085149.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","temporalStart":"1940-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392911,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86410.htm"},{"id":12382,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5149/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5149.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-94.042964,33.019219],[-94.043428,33.551425],[-94.061896,33.549764],[-94.072156,33.553864],[-94.073744,33.558285],[-94.067985,33.560961],[-94.056442,33.560998],[-94.056096,33.567252],[-94.082641,33.575492],[-94.119902,33.566999],[-94.126898,33.550647],[-94.131382,33.552934],[-94.136046,33.571388],[-94.143402,33.565505],[-94.151456,33.568387],[-94.14216,33.58139],[-94.156782,33.575749],[-94.161277,33.579271],[-94.161082,33.587972],[-94.183913,33.594682],[-94.194465,33.582886],[-94.217198,33.580737],[-94.211329,33.573774],[-94.201106,33.575851],[-94.192483,33.570425],[-94.189884,33.562454],[-94.196395,33.555123],[-94.203594,33.566546],[-94.208078,33.566911],[-94.226392,33.552912],[-94.250197,33.556765],[-94.251108,33.56528],[-94.236836,33.580914],[-94.240179,33.589536],[-94.257801,33.582508],[-94.27909,33.557026],[-94.290901,33.558872],[-94.290372,33.567905],[-94.280849,33.577187],[-94.287025,33.58241],[-94.301023,33.573022],[-94.309582,33.551673],[-94.319492,33.548864],[-94.33059,33.552692],[-94.33438,33.562536],[-94.344023,33.567824],[-94.352433,33.562172],[-94.34729,33.552197],[-94.355945,33.54318],[-94.381667,33.544035],[-94.399393,33.557077],[-94.397398,33.562314],[-94.378561,33.571329],[-94.382887,33.583268],[-94.403342,33.568424],[-94.412175,33.568691],[-94.430039,33.591124],[-94.439518,33.594154],[-94.449112,33.590894],[-94.471152,33.601588],[-94.469451,33.607316],[-94.452325,33.618817],[-94.462736,33.63091],[-94.448451,33.634497],[-94.448637,33.642766],[-94.459198,33.645146],[-94.464186,33.637655],[-94.485875,33.637867],[-94.45753,34.642961],[-94.431215,35.39429],[-94.617919,36.499414],[-90.152481,36.497952],[-90.158568,36.491574],[-90.15946,36.481343],[-90.142269,36.472138],[-90.152888,36.47093],[-90.1557,36.466103],[-90.14153,36.462993],[-90.137323,36.455411],[-90.133993,36.437906],[-90.143798,36.428483],[-90.139499,36.421457],[-90.13559,36.422897],[-90.138653,36.414547],[-90.131038,36.415069],[-90.109495,36.404073],[-90.080426,36.400763],[-90.064514,36.382085],[-90.066297,36.3593],[-90.077695,36.348478],[-90.075572,36.33404],[-90.081961,36.322097],[-90.069266,36.313152],[-90.06398,36.303038],[-90.0778,36.288349],[-90.075934,36.281485],[-90.083731,36.272332],[-90.114922,36.265595],[-90.118219,36.253491],[-90.124476,36.244198],[-90.129716,36.243235],[-90.126366,36.229367],[-90.14224,36.227522],[-90.15614,36.213706],[-90.179695,36.208262],[-90.199905,36.196848],[-90.204449,36.18694],[-90.21128,36.183392],[-90.220425,36.184764],[-90.23537,36.159153],[-90.231386,36.147348],[-90.235585,36.139474],[-90.266256,36.120559],[-90.293109,36.114368],[-90.29991,36.098236],[-90.319168,36.089976],[-90.320746,36.071326],[-90.333261,36.067504],[-90.337146,36.047754],[-90.347908,36.041939],[-90.351732,36.025347],[-90.37789,35.995683],[-89.733095,36.000608],[-89.719168,35.985976],[-89.719679,35.970939],[-89.714565,35.963034],[-89.652279,35.921462],[-89.644838,35.904351],[-89.64727,35.89492],[-89.665672,35.883301],[-89.677012,35.88572],[-89.688141,35.896946],[-89.714934,35.906247],[-89.741241,35.906749],[-89.768743,35.886663],[-89.773564,35.871697],[-89.769413,35.861558],[-89.704351,35.835726],[-89.701045,35.828227],[-89.706085,35.81826],[-89.734044,35.806174],[-89.765442,35.811214],[-89.781793,35.805084],[-89.799331,35.788503],[-89.799249,35.775439],[-89.821216,35.756716],[-89.846343,35.755732],[-89.877256,35.741369],[-89.909996,35.759396],[-89.956254,35.733386],[-89.955753,35.690621],[-89.931036,35.660044],[-89.898916,35.650904],[-89.886979,35.653637],[-89.878534,35.66482],[-89.864782,35.670385],[-89.851176,35.657432],[-89.856619,35.634444],[-89.894346,35.615535],[-89.910687,35.617536],[-89.945405,35.601611],[-89.956749,35.590511],[-89.95669,35.581426],[-89.941393,35.556555],[-89.910789,35.547515],[-89.910885,35.541072],[-89.903882,35.534175],[-89.911931,35.51741],[-89.919331,35.51387],[-89.951248,35.521866],[-89.956347,35.525594],[-89.958498,35.541703],[-89.989363,35.560043],[-90.02862,35.555249],[-90.039744,35.548041],[-90.050277,35.515275],[-90.043517,35.492298],[-90.018842,35.464816],[-90.031584,35.427662],[-90.04057,35.422925],[-90.056644,35.403786],[-90.041563,35.39662],[-90.044856,35.392964],[-90.054451,35.38965],[-90.069283,35.408306],[-90.062018,35.41518],[-90.070549,35.423291],[-90.074082,35.433983],[-90.067138,35.464833],[-90.085009,35.478835],[-90.107723,35.476935],[-90.114412,35.472467],[-90.129448,35.441931],[-90.169002,35.421853],[-90.179265,35.385194],[-90.166246,35.374745],[-90.13551,35.376668],[-90.146191,35.399468],[-90.143448,35.406671],[-90.130475,35.413745],[-90.112504,35.410153],[-90.09665,35.395257],[-90.074992,35.384152],[-90.087903,35.36327],[-90.110293,35.342786],[-90.103862,35.332405],[-90.109093,35.304987],[-90.139504,35.298828],[-90.149794,35.303288],[-90.158913,35.300637],[-90.168794,35.279088],[-90.152094,35.255989],[-90.140394,35.252289],[-90.105093,35.254288],[-90.07875,35.227806],[-90.074155,35.21707],[-90.07682,35.208817],[-90.088597,35.212376],[-90.096466,35.194848],[-90.116182,35.198498],[-90.117542,35.19057],[-90.092944,35.157228],[-90.066958,35.151839],[-90.065392,35.137691],[-90.08342,35.12167],[-90.100593,35.116691],[-90.142794,35.135091],[-90.165328,35.125228],[-90.176843,35.112088],[-90.181387,35.091401],[-90.195133,35.061793],[-90.196095,35.0374],[-90.209397,35.026546],[-90.256495,35.034493],[-90.263796,35.039593],[-90.295596,35.040093],[-90.309877,35.00975],[-90.309297,34.995694],[-90.296422,34.976346],[-90.250056,34.951196],[-90.244476,34.937596],[-90.244725,34.921031],[-90.250095,34.90732],[-90.313476,34.871698],[-90.302523,34.856471],[-90.307384,34.846195],[-90.323067,34.846391],[-90.34038,34.860357],[-90.414864,34.831846],[-90.428754,34.8414],[-90.430096,34.871212],[-90.436561,34.882731],[-90.459819,34.891946],[-90.479872,34.883264],[-90.483969,34.877176],[-90.483876,34.861333],[-90.456935,34.823383],[-90.47459,34.7932],[-90.453038,34.753352],[-90.452479,34.739898],[-90.469897,34.72703],[-90.488865,34.723731],[-90.501667,34.724236],[-90.518317,34.73279],[-90.520556,34.753388],[-90.505494,34.764568],[-90.501523,34.774795],[-90.514706,34.801768],[-90.522892,34.802265],[-90.53651,34.798572],[-90.544067,34.791159],[-90.54817,34.78189],[-90.542631,34.764396],[-90.543811,34.749277],[-90.563544,34.738671],[-90.568172,34.727384],[-90.565646,34.721053],[-90.538974,34.698783],[-90.471185,34.699066],[-90.462552,34.687576],[-90.466041,34.674312],[-90.5081,34.636682],[-90.532188,34.627487],[-90.547614,34.631656],[-90.554129,34.640871],[-90.552642,34.659707],[-90.539409,34.670902],[-90.538856,34.682463],[-90.549856,34.695478],[-90.555627,34.697946],[-90.567334,34.693371],[-90.588419,34.670963],[-90.583088,34.64361],[-90.587224,34.615732],[-90.570133,34.587457],[-90.545891,34.563257],[-90.540736,34.548085],[-90.545728,34.53775],[-90.578493,34.516296],[-90.588942,34.491097],[-90.585477,34.461247],[-90.56733,34.440383],[-90.566505,34.429528],[-90.571145,34.420319],[-90.613944,34.390723],[-90.658542,34.375705],[-90.655346,34.371846],[-90.666788,34.35582],[-90.666862,34.348569],[-90.657488,34.322231],[-90.661395,34.315398],[-90.669343,34.31302],[-90.686003,34.315771],[-90.693129,34.32257],[-90.691551,34.338618],[-90.68162,34.35291],[-90.683222,34.368817],[-90.712088,34.363805],[-90.750107,34.367919],[-90.765764,34.362109],[-90.767732,34.346872],[-90.744713,34.324872],[-90.74061,34.313469],[-90.743082,34.302257],[-90.765165,34.280524],[-90.802928,34.282465],[-90.828267,34.27365],[-90.836972,34.250104],[-90.840009,34.223077],[-90.847808,34.20653],[-90.87912,34.21545],[-90.89456,34.22438],[-90.905934,34.243529],[-90.929015,34.244541],[-90.936404,34.236698],[-90.93522,34.21905],[-90.916048,34.196916],[-90.887884,34.18198],[-90.8556,34.18688],[-90.816572,34.183023],[-90.808685,34.175878],[-90.810884,34.155903],[-90.825708,34.142011],[-90.847168,34.136884],[-90.86458,34.140555],[-90.894385,34.160953],[-90.91001,34.165508],[-90.9543,34.138498],[-90.958467,34.125105],[-90.946323,34.109374],[-90.918395,34.093054],[-90.882628,34.096615],[-90.870461,34.082739],[-90.887837,34.055403],[-90.886991,34.035094],[-90.89242,34.02686],[-90.942662,34.01805],[-90.970726,34.02162],[-90.987948,34.019038],[-90.979945,34.000106],[-90.961548,33.979945],[-90.967632,33.963324],[-90.983359,33.960186],[-91.000108,33.966428],[-91.01889,34.003151],[-91.042751,33.986811],[-91.075378,33.983586],[-91.087921,33.975335],[-91.089787,33.966004],[-91.084095,33.956179],[-91.035961,33.943758],[-91.010318,33.929352],[-91.026382,33.90798],[-91.070883,33.866714],[-91.073011,33.857449],[-91.067511,33.840443],[-91.046849,33.815365],[-91.000107,33.799549],[-90.988466,33.78453],[-91.000106,33.769165],[-91.023285,33.762991],[-91.053886,33.778701],[-91.107318,33.770619],[-91.123466,33.782106],[-91.132185,33.78342],[-91.145112,33.76734],[-91.141304,33.760835],[-91.146618,33.732456],[-91.132338,33.714246],[-91.117733,33.705342],[-91.101101,33.705007],[-91.06829,33.716477],[-91.059891,33.714816],[-91.046778,33.706313],[-91.03612,33.689113],[-91.030402,33.687766],[-91.03146,33.678142],[-91.046412,33.668272],[-91.078507,33.658283],[-91.09404,33.658351],[-91.13045,33.674522],[-91.160866,33.707096],[-91.212077,33.698249],[-91.225279,33.687749],[-91.229015,33.677543],[-91.219048,33.661503],[-91.178311,33.651109],[-91.139209,33.625658],[-91.130445,33.606034],[-91.134043,33.594489],[-91.152148,33.582721],[-91.175979,33.582968],[-91.198285,33.572061],[-91.224121,33.567369],[-91.230858,33.561372],[-91.232295,33.552788],[-91.219297,33.532364],[-91.187367,33.510552],[-91.182901,33.502379],[-91.206753,33.470308],[-91.231661,33.4571],[-91.235928,33.440611],[-91.206807,33.433846],[-91.177293,33.443638],[-91.16936,33.452629],[-91.177148,33.48617],[-91.167403,33.498304],[-91.125109,33.472842],[-91.117975,33.453807],[-91.131885,33.430063],[-91.17628,33.416979],[-91.199354,33.418321],[-91.209032,33.403633],[-91.171968,33.38103],[-91.140938,33.380477],[-91.113764,33.393124],[-91.099277,33.408244],[-91.095211,33.417488],[-91.096723,33.437603],[-91.086498,33.451576],[-91.067623,33.455104],[-91.057621,33.445341],[-91.058152,33.428705],[-91.075293,33.405966],[-91.101456,33.38719],[-91.120409,33.363809],[-91.142219,33.348989],[-91.141615,33.299539],[-91.125539,33.280255],[-91.128078,33.268502],[-91.118208,33.262071],[-91.106142,33.241799],[-91.1001,33.238125],[-91.096931,33.241628],[-91.086137,33.273652],[-91.07853,33.283306],[-91.067035,33.28718],[-91.052369,33.285415],[-91.043624,33.274636],[-91.050407,33.251202],[-91.070697,33.227302],[-91.091711,33.220813],[-91.084366,33.180856],[-91.089862,33.139655],[-91.104317,33.131598],[-91.131659,33.129101],[-91.150362,33.130695],[-91.160298,33.141216],[-91.183662,33.141691],[-91.193174,33.136734],[-91.20178,33.125121],[-91.200167,33.10693],[-91.180836,33.098364],[-91.171514,33.087818],[-91.149823,33.081603],[-91.121195,33.059166],[-91.129088,33.033554],[-91.162363,33.019684],[-91.166073,33.004106],[-93.081428,33.017928],[-94.042964,33.019219]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Arkansas\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699573","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pugh, Aaron L. apugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":2480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugh","given":"Aaron L.","email":"apugh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97324,"text":"sir20085205 - 2008 - Relation Between Solid-Phase and Dissolved Arsenic in the Ground-Water System Underlying Northern Preble County, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:31","indexId":"sir20085205","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5205","title":"Relation Between Solid-Phase and Dissolved Arsenic in the Ground-Water System Underlying Northern Preble County, Ohio","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Miami Conservancy District, collected and analyzed samples of the aquifer materials and ground water from multiple depths at two sites in northern Preble County, Ohio. The aquifer materials included glacial deposits and Silurian carbonate bedrock. In the study area, elevated arsenic concentrations have been detected in ground water from both types of aquifers.\r\n\r\nThe aquifer materials were described in terms of the stratigraphy and the bulk elemental composition of 70 samples. In addition, six water-producing horizons were selected for more detailed study; ground-water quality was analyzed, microanalytical techniques were used to examine thin sections of the aquifer materials, and simplified geochemical modeling was done to identify plausible reactions between the ground water and aquifer materials.\r\n\r\nAt both study sites, the highest solid-phase arsenic concentrations were from a roughly similar stratigraphic position - a transition zone that extends from just above the Wisconsinan/Illinoian contact to just below the Pleistocene/Silurian contact.\r\n\r\nFor carbonate bedrock, the solid-phase arsenic concentrations were generally low (<1 to 4 mg/kg (milligrams per kilogram)). The one notable exception was a thin horizon about 10 feet below the top of bedrock, which had an arsenic concentration of 42 mg/kg. This horizon showed some textural and compositional evidence of alteration by geothermal fluids. Additional study might be warranted to investigate whether arsenic concentrations in ground water from carbonate bedrock could be decreased by excluding discrete horizons from the open intervals of wells.\r\n\r\nFor glacial deposits, solid-phase arsenic concentrations were slightly higher in fine-grained deposits (2 to 20 mg/kg) than in coarse-grained deposits (2 to 9 mg/kg). In ground water, arsenic concentrations ranged from <1 to 51 ug/L (micrograms per liter); samples from two horizons had concentrations greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 10 ug/L. Dissolved arsenic concentrations appear to be more closely related to redox conditions of the ground water than to the arsenic content of the aquifer materials. Geochemical modeling and thin-section analysis were generally consistent with the idea that arsenic was released to water from iron oxides under iron-reducing conditions. In addition, there was some evidence in support of the idea that arsenic can be removed from ground water by precipitation of sulfide minerals, which occurs under sulfate-reducing conditions. At one site, the dissolved arsenic concentrations in two water-bearing horizons increased from <1 to 51 ug/L over a depth of 15 feet. The large increase might be due to a shift from sulfate-reducing to methanogenic conditions; in the absence of sulfate reduction, arsenic is not sequestered in sulfide minerals and may accumulate in the ground water.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085205","isbn":"9781411323223","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation With the Miami Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Thomas, M.A., Diehl, S.F., Pletsch, B.A., Schumann, T.L., Pavey, R., and Swinford, E.M., 2008, Relation Between Solid-Phase and Dissolved Arsenic in the Ground-Water System Underlying Northern Preble County, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5205, Report: iv, 56 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085205.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 56 p.; Appendixes","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-07-01","temporalEnd":"2004-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12378,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5205/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.70083333333334,39.86666666666667 ], [ -84.70083333333334,39.916666666666664 ], [ -84.65,39.916666666666664 ], [ -84.65,39.86666666666667 ], [ -84.70083333333334,39.86666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c33e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Mary Ann mathomas@usgs.gov","contributorId":2536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Mary","email":"mathomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diehl, Sharon F. diehl@usgs.gov","contributorId":1089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"Sharon","email":"diehl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pletsch, Bruce A.","contributorId":20427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pletsch","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schumann, Thomas L.","contributorId":49469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumann","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pavey, Richard R.","contributorId":72084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavey","given":"Richard R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swinford, E. Mac","contributorId":13330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swinford","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mac","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":97314,"text":"ofr20081192 - 2008 - Geologic resource evaluation of Pu'uhonua O Honaunau National Historical Park, Hawai'i; Part I, geology and coastal landforms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-01T21:52:20.653108","indexId":"ofr20081192","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1192","displayTitle":"Geologic Resource Evaluation of Pu'uhonua O Honaunau National Historical Park, Hawai'i; Part I, Geology and Coastal Landforms","title":"Geologic resource evaluation of Pu'uhonua O Honaunau National Historical Park, Hawai'i; Part I, geology and coastal landforms","docAbstract":"Geologic resource inventories of lands managed by the National Park Service (NPS) are important products for the parks and are designed to provide scientific information to better manage park resources. Park-specific geologic reports are used to identify geologic features and processes that are relevant to park ecosystems, evaluate the impact of human activities on geologic features and processes, identify geologic research and monitoring needs, and enhance opportunities for education and interpretation. These geologic reports are planned to provide a brief geologic history of the park and address specific geologic issues forming a link between the park geology and the resource manager. \r\n\r\nThe Kona coast National Parks of the Island of Hawai'i are intended to preserve the natural beauty of the Kona coast and protect significant ancient structures and artifacts of the native Hawaiians. Pu'ukohola Heiau National Historic Site (PUHE), Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park (KAHO), and Pu'uhonua O Honaunau National Historical Park (PUHO) are three Kona parks studied by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Team in cooperation with the National Park Service. This report is one of six related reports designed to provide geologic and benthic-habitat information for the three Kona parks. Each geology and coastal-landform report describes the regional geologic setting of the Hawaiian Islands, gives a general description of the geology of the Kona coast, and presents the geologic setting and issues for one of the parks. The related benthic-habitat mapping reports discuss the marine data and habitat classification scheme, and present results of the mapping program. \r\n\r\nPu'uhonua O Honaunau National Historical Park ('Place of Refuge of Honaunau') is the southernmost of the three National Parks located on the leeward Kona coast of the Island of Hawai'i. It is a relatively small park originally 73 ha (182 acres), and was expanded in 2006 with the acquisition of an additional 96 ha (238 acres). The park is probably best known for the pu'uhonua (place of refuge) native Hawaiian cultural site. In addition to the pu'uhonua, the park contains palace grounds, royal fishponds, burial sites, prehistoric trails, a royal canoe landing area, stone house platforms and associated temple structures. A massive basalt rock wall (300 m long, 3 m high, and 5 m wide) separates the pu'uhonua from the areas used by Hawaiian royalty and other grounds. Honaunau Bay is a popular marine resource area adjacent to the park. \r\n\r\nThe seaward-sloping lands of PUHO lie at the base of Mauna Loa volcano, which forms a bench of low-lying pahoehoe lava flows at Pu'uhonua Point. The park coastline is approximately 1.6 km long and is mostly rocky with the exception of a small artificially nourished beach at Keone'ele Cove at the northern boundary next to Honaunau Bay. The park is bounded to the south by Ki'ilae Bay and includes the coastal portions of three Hawaiian land divisions (ahupua'a): Honaunau, Keokea, and Ki'ilae. The western boundary is the high tide mark. The waters of Keone'ele Cove, the ancient royal canoe landing at PUHO, while not formally under NPS jurisdiction, are managed by the park under an agreement with the State of Hawai'i. This small embayment is a known haven for sea turtles, which are often found sunning themselves on the nearshore volcanic platform. Impacts to this area include frequent visits by scuba divers and snorkelers to Honaunau Bay and a small boat ramp located just to the north of Keone'ele Cove. \r\n\r\nThere is an accompanying report that presents the results of benthic habitat mapping of the offshore waters for PUHO (Cochran and others, 2006b; linked below). They mapped from the shoreline to depths of approximately 40 m, where the shelf drops off to a sand-covered bottom. PUHO park boundaries extend only to the mean high-tide level; however, landscape impacts created by development around the park are of concern to","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081192","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Richmond, B.M., Cochran, S., and Gibbs, A.E., 2008, Geologic resource evaluation of Pu'uhonua O Honaunau National Historical Park, Hawai'i; Part I, geology and coastal landforms (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1192, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081192.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12366,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1192/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388777,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86409.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Pu'uhonua O Honaunau National Historical Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.91470718383786,\n              19.406697227887108\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.8901596069336,\n              19.406697227887108\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.8901596069336,\n              19.423372920825656\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.91470718383786,\n              19.423372920825656\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.91470718383786,\n              19.406697227887108\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a83a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832 brichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":2459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","email":"brichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, Susan A.","contributorId":27533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Susan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibbs, Ann E. 0000-0002-0883-3774 agibbs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-3774","contributorId":2644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Ann","email":"agibbs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97317,"text":"sir20085198 - 2008 - Prevalence of tumors in brown bullhead from three lakes in southeastern Massachusetts, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-20T09:55:58","indexId":"sir20085198","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5198","displayTitle":"Prevalence of Tumors in Brown Bullhead from Three Lakes in Southeastern Massachusetts, 2002","title":"Prevalence of tumors in brown bullhead from three lakes in southeastern Massachusetts, 2002","docAbstract":"The Massachusetts Military Reservation (MMR) has been a military base on western Cape Cod since the early 1900s. Contaminated surface water and ground water from the MMR have discharged into several kettle lakes on or near the base. To discover whether the prevalences of tumors and other lesions in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) in these lakes, particularly Ashumet Pond, were elevated above normal, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), assisted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MADFW), conducted a study in 2002 of brown bullhead in Ashumet Pond and in two reference lakes, Santuit Pond (on Cape Cod) and Great Herring Pond (on the mainland of Massachusetts). Brown bullhead from Great Herring Pond had few external raised lesions (2.8 percent), a low prevalence of liver neoplasms (5 percent), and little genetic damage to their red blood cell nuclei. Brown bullhead from Ashumet Pond had a high prevalence of raised lesions (62.1 percent), which included histopathologically verified papillomas and squamous carcinoma; an elevated incidence of liver neoplasms (16.7 percent); and an elevated level of genetic damage to their red blood cell nuclei. Because red blood cells in fish have a lifespan of about 100 days, these results indicate an ongoing exposure to genotoxins in Ashumet Pond. Brown bullhead from Santuit Pond also had elevated prevalences of raised lesions (48.3 percent) and liver neoplasms (15 percent), although the prevalences of large and multiple lesions were significantly lower than those in fish from Ashumet Pond. These differences may indicate differing causes of pathology in the two lakes. The high prevalence of melanistic lesions on brown bullhead from Ashumet Pond, combined with the tumor pathology and genetic damage, implicates chemical carcinogens as one of the causal factors in that lake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085198","isbn":"9781411323247","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife","usgsCitation":"Baumann, P.C., LeBlanc, D.R., Blazer, V., Meier, J.R., Hurley, S., and Kiryu, Y., 2008, Prevalence of tumors in brown bullhead from three lakes in southeastern Massachusetts, 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5198, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085198.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12369,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5198/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":367579,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5198/pdf/sir2008-5198.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.75,41.5 ], [ -70.75,41.916666666666664 ], [ -70.33333333333333,41.916666666666664 ], [ -70.33333333333333,41.5 ], [ -70.75,41.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a52a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baumann, Paul C.","contributorId":104455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baumann","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628 dleblanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":1696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"dleblanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meier, John R.","contributorId":39483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hurley, Stephen T.","contributorId":108214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"Stephen T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kiryu, Yasu","contributorId":95972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiryu","given":"Yasu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":97313,"text":"ofr20081191 - 2008 - Geologic resource evaluation of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Hawai'i: Geology and coastal landforms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-01T20:11:44.869988","indexId":"ofr20081191","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1191","displayTitle":"Geologic resource evaluation of Kaloko-Honoköhau National Historical Park, Hawai'i: Geology and coastal landforms","title":"Geologic resource evaluation of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Hawai'i: Geology and coastal landforms","docAbstract":"Geologic resource inventories of lands managed by the National Park Service (NPS) are important products for the parks and are designed to provide scientific information to better manage park resources. Park-specific geologic reports are used to identify geologic features and processes that are relevant to park ecosystems, evaluate the impact of human activities on geologic features and processes, identify geologic research and monitoring needs, and enhance opportunities for education and interpretation. These geologic reports are planned to provide a brief geologic history of the park and address specific geologic issues that link the park geology and the resource manager. \r\n\r\nThe Kona coast National Parks of the Island of Hawai'i are intended to preserve the natural beauty of the Kona coast and protect significant ancient structures and artifacts of the native Hawaiians. Pu'ukohola Heiau National Historic Site (PUHE), Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park (KAHO), and Pu'uhonua O Honaunau National Historical Park (PUHO) are three Kona parks studied by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Team in cooperation with the National Park Service. This report is one of six related reports designed to provide geologic and benthic-habitat information for the three Kona parks. Each geology and coastal-landform report describes the regional geologic setting of the Hawaiian Islands, gives a general description of the geology of the Kona coast, and presents the geologic setting and issues for one of the parks. The related benthic-habitat mapping reports discuss the marine data and habitat classification scheme, and present results of the mapping program. \r\n\r\nKaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park (KAHO) was established in 1978 in order to preserve and protect traditional native Hawaiian culture and cultural sites. The park is the site of an ancient Hawaiian settlement, occupies 469 ha and is considered a locale of considerable cultural and historical significance. Cultural resources include fishponds, petroglyphs and a heiau (religious site). The fishponds are also recognized as exceptional birding areas and are important wetlands for migratory birds. The ocean and reef have been designated as a Marine Area Reserve, where green sea turtles commonly come ashore to rest. The park is also a valuable recreational resource, with approximately 4 km of coastline and a protective cove ideal for snorkeling and swimming. KAHO park boundaries extend beyond the mean high tide line and include the adjacent marine environment. An accompanying report for KAHO presents the results of benthic habitat mapping of the offshore waters, from the shoreline to approximately 40 m water depth. Ground-water quality and potential downslope impacts created by development around the park are of concern to Park management.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081191","usgsCitation":"Richmond, B.M., Gibbs, A.E., and Cochran, S., 2008, Geologic resource evaluation of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Hawai'i: Geology and coastal landforms (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1191, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081191.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12365,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1191/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388755,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86408.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.5,18.75 ], [ -156.5,20.5 ], [ -154.5,20.5 ], [ -154.5,18.75 ], [ -156.5,18.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6863a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832 brichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":2459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","email":"brichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibbs, Ann E. 0000-0002-0883-3774 agibbs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-3774","contributorId":2644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Ann","email":"agibbs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cochran, Susan A.","contributorId":27533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Susan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97304,"text":"sir20075292 - 2008 - Traveltime of the Rio Grande in the Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico, water years 2003-05","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T19:00:30.616637","indexId":"sir20075292","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5292","title":"Traveltime of the Rio Grande in the Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico, water years 2003-05","docAbstract":"The quality of water in the Rio Grande is becoming increasingly important as more surface water is proposed for diversion from the river for potable and nonpotable uses. In cooperation with the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority, the U.S. Geological Survey examined traveltime of the Rio Grande in the Middle Rio Grande Basin to evaluate the potential travel of a conservative solute entrained in the river's streamflow. A flow-pulse analysis was performed to determine traveltimes of a wide range of streamflows in the Rio Grande, to develop traveltime curves for estimating the possible traveltime of a conservative solute in the Rio Grande between Cochiti Dam and Albuquerque, and to evaluate streamflow velocities and dispersion and storage characteristics of the Rio Grande in the entire Middle Rio Grande Basin. A flow-pulse analysis was applied to 12 pulse events recorded during the 2003-05 water years for streamflow-gaging stations between Cochiti Dam and the city of San Acacia. Pulse streamflows ranged from 495 to 5,190 cubic feet per second (ft3/s).\r\n\r\nThree points of each pulse were tracked as the pulse passed a station - rising-limb leading edge, plateau leading edge, and plateau trailing edge. Most pulses indicated longer traveltimes for each successive point in the pulse. Dispersion and spreading of the pulses decreased with increased streamflow. Decreasing traveltimes were not always consistent with increasing streamflow, particularly for flows less than 1,750 ft3/s, and the relation of traveltime and original pulse streamflow at Cochiti indicated a nonlinear component. Average streamflow velocities decreased by greater than 30 percent from San Felipe to San Acacia. The expected trend of increasing dispersion with downstream travel was not always visible because of other influences on streamflow. With downstream flow, distributions of the pulses became more skewed to the descending limbs, indicating possible short-term storage of a part of the pulses.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075292","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority","usgsCitation":"Langman, J.B., 2008, Traveltime of the Rio Grande in the Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico, water years 2003-05: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5292, v, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075292.","productDescription":"v, 32 p.","temporalStart":"2002-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5292.jpg"},{"id":408405,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86396.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12356,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5292/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Middle Rio Grand Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.25,\n              34.2586\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.2167,\n              34.2586\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.2167,\n              35.6917\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.25,\n              35.6917\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.25,\n              34.2586\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697db6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langman, Jeff B.","contributorId":22036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langman","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97293,"text":"ds394 - 2008 - Water-quality, stream-habitat, and biological data for Highland and Marchand Bayous, Galveston County, Texas, 2006-07","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T13:31:01","indexId":"ds394","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"394","title":"Water-quality, stream-habitat, and biological data for Highland and Marchand Bayous, Galveston County, Texas, 2006-07","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Houston-Galveston Area Council and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, collected water-quality, stream-habitat, and biological data from five sites on Highland and Marchand Bayous in Galveston County, Texas, during 2006&ndash;07. Water-quality data-collection surveys consisted of synoptic 24-hour continuous measurements of water temperature, pH, specific conductance, and dissolved oxygen and periodically collected samples analyzed for several properties and constituents of interest. Bacteria samples were collected monthly at 10 sites on Highland and Marchand Bayous during the study. Stream-habitat data were collected at five sites three times during the study, July&ndash;August 2006, March 2007, and July&ndash;August 2007. At each site, a representative stream reach was selected. Within this reach, five evenly spaced stream transects were determined. At each transect, stream (wetted channel width, water depth, bottom material, instream cover) and riparian (bank slope and erosion potential, width of natural vegetation, type of vegetation, percentage tree canopy) attributes were measured.</p>\n<p>Benthic macroinvertebrate and fish data were collected from the same five sites identified for habitat evaluation. Three assessments were done to account for seasonal differences in biotic distribution. Stream-habitat and aquatic biota (benthic macroinvertebrates and fish) were assessed at each site three times during the study to evaluate aquatic life use. A total of 5,126 macroinvertebrate individuals were identified at all sites. During the study, 34 species of fish representing 28 families were collected from all the sites.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds394","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Houston-Galveston Area Council and Texas Commission on Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Brown, D.W., Mabe, J.A., and Turco, M.J., 2008, Water-quality, stream-habitat, and biological data for Highland and Marchand Bayous, Galveston County, Texas, 2006-07: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 394, iv, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds394.","productDescription":"iv, 62 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds394.jpg"},{"id":12343,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/394/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327277,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/394/pdf/ds394.pdf"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.16666666666667,29.25 ], [ -95.16666666666667,29.5 ], [ -94.83333333333333,29.5 ], [ -94.83333333333333,29.25 ], [ -95.16666666666667,29.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db545ca2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Dexter W. dwbrown@usgs.gov","contributorId":3062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Dexter","email":"dwbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mabe, Jeffrey A.","contributorId":65565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mabe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turco, Michael J. mjturco@usgs.gov","contributorId":1011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turco","given":"Michael","email":"mjturco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97295,"text":"sir20085224 - 2008 - Statistical analysis of major ion and trace element geochemistry of water, 1986-2006, at seven wells transecting the freshwater/saline-water interface of the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-18T20:22:47.879504","indexId":"sir20085224","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5224","title":"Statistical analysis of major ion and trace element geochemistry of water, 1986-2006, at seven wells transecting the freshwater/saline-water interface of the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>This report by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System, describes the results of a statistical analysis of major ion and trace element geochemistry of water at seven wells transecting the freshwater/saline-water interface of the Edwards aquifer in San Antonio, Texas, either over time or in response to variations in hydrologic conditions. The data used in this report were collected during 1986&ndash;2006. The seven monitoring wells are screened at different depths in the aquifer at three sites that form a generally north-to-south transect. The three wells of the southern site and the deeper of the two middle-site wells are open to the freshwater/saline-water transition zone, which contains saline water. The shallower well of the middle site and the two wells of the northern site are open to the freshwater zone.</p>\n<p>Mean specific conductance (SC) values were greater at transition-zone wells than at freshwater-zone wells, but SC did not vary systematically with depth. Concentrations of all major ions except bicarbonate were greater at transition-zone wells than at freshwater-zone wells, but concentrations tended to be more variable at freshwater-zone wells. Mean molar ratios of magnesium:calcium, sulfate:chloride, and sodium:chloride were similar at transition-zone wells and freshwater-zone wells. Concentrations of trace elements for many water samples at the seven transect wells were below the laboratory analytical reporting level. Detections of trace elements were more frequent at transition-zone wells, and mean concentrations of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and silver were elevated at transition-zone wells relative to freshwater-zone wells.</p>\n<p>All strong correlations between SC and major ions were positive, and in general there were more and stronger correlations between SC and major ions in the water from the freshwater-zone wells than from the transition-zone wells. Except for the shallowest transition-zone well, the transition-zone wells had relatively few strong correlations overall. The lack of a strong correlation indicates that much of the variability in the major ion concentrations at these wells might be a result of analytical variability caused by the multiple laboratory analytical methods used. In most cases, strong correlations between concentrations of trace elements were positive, and transition-zone wells and freshwater-zone wells had water with a similar number of significant correlations.</p>\n<p>Principal components analysis indicates dilution of ground water by low-ionic-strength meteoric water at the three freshwater-zone wells and at the shallowest transition-zone well. At the two deeper transition-zone wells at the southern site, principal components analysis indicates that there is no systematic variation in major ion concentrations. At three transition-zone wells, there was a general trend toward less salinity over the 21-year period of sampling. Trends in SC at the freshwater-zone wells were less consistent. There is no systematic change in the direction of trend in SC by water type (saline or fresh), between sites, or with depth. In general, trends in major ion concentrations corresponded to those in SC. For each trace element over the 21-year sampling period, there was either no trend or a downward trend.</p>\n<p>Relations between SC, major ions, and major ion molar ratios and hydrologic indicators (concurrent or prior time-averaged measures of water level and effective rainfall) were investigated. Correlations between geochemical variables and measures of water level in the freshwater-zone wells were much more frequent than correlations between geochemical variables and measures of water level in the transition-zone wells. There were correlations between SC and all measures of water level at the two freshwater-zone wells at the northern site, but there were no correlations between SC and any measures of water level at any transition-zone wells. SC was correlated with effective rainfall at all freshwater-zone wells and at one transition-zone well.</p>\n<p>The statistical analyses taken together indicate that the geochemistry at the freshwater-zone wells is more variable than that at the transition-zone wells. The geochemical variability at the freshwater-zone wells might result from dilution of ground water by meteoric water. This is indicated by relatively constant major ion molar ratios; a preponderance of positive correlations between SC, major ions, and trace elements; and a principal components analysis in which the major ions are strongly loaded on the first principal component. Much of the variability at three of the four transition-zone wells might result from the use of different laboratory analytical methods or reporting procedures during the period of sampling. This is reflected by a lack of correlation between SC and major ion concentrations at the transition-zone wells and by a principal components analysis in which the variability is fairly evenly distributed across several principal components. The statistical analyses further indicate that, although the transition-zone wells are less well connected to surficial hydrologic conditions than the freshwater-zone wells, there is some connection but the response time is longer.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085224","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., 2008, Statistical analysis of major ion and trace element geochemistry of water, 1986-2006, at seven wells transecting the freshwater/saline-water interface of the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5224, vi, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085224.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1986-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420919,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86358.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327274,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5224/pdf/sir2008-5224.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":12346,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5224/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":121083,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5224.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"San Antonio","otherGeospatial":"Edwards aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.5,\n              29.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.5,\n              29.4167\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.4,\n              29.4167\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.4,\n              29.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.5,\n              29.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cae4b07f02db542bc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97283,"text":"sir20085203 - 2008 - Occurrence and distribution of algal biomass and Its relation to nutrients and selected basin characteristics in Indiana streams, 2001-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T09:30:25","indexId":"sir20085203","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5203","title":"Occurrence and distribution of algal biomass and Its relation to nutrients and selected basin characteristics in Indiana streams, 2001-2005","docAbstract":"<p>Algal biomass and nutrient data were gathered at 322 randomly selected sites on 261 streams in the West Fork White River, Whitewater River, East Fork White River, Upper Wabash River, Kankakee River, Lower Wabash River, Tributaries to the Great Lakes, and Tributaries to the Ohio River Basins in Indiana from May through October for years 2001 through 2005. Basin characteristics (land use and drainage area), substrate, turbidity, and nutrient concentrations were determined for the basin and sampling sites. The relations of the seasonal algal biomass parameters periphyton chlorophyll <i>a</i> (CHLa), ash-free dry mass (AFDM), seston CHLa, and particulate organic carbon (POC) to concentrations of the seasonal nutrients nitrate, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) were determined using Spearman&rsquo;s rho. The effects of streamflow were determined using data collected at U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow-gaging stations spatially located throughout the study basins.</p>\n<p>Throughout the 5-year study, the magnitude and frequency of stream discharge varied monthly and annually and greatly influenced algal biomass concentrations through scour and algal drift. Algal biomass median concentrations in Indiana streams consisted of periphyton CHLa, 41.2 milligrams per square meter (mg/m<sup>2</sup> ); AFDM, 52.1 grams per square meter (g/m<sup>2</sup>); seston CHLa, 2.44 micrograms per liter (&micro;g/L); and POC, 0.75 milligrams per liter (mg/L). Approximately 32 percent of the periphyton CHLa and 6 percent of the seston CHLa samples would be considered eutrophic (nutrient enriched).</p>\n<p>To ascertain seasonal variability, samples were collected in the spring (May), summer (June through August), and fall (September through October). The highest median concentration of periphyton CHLa was in the spring, 63.2 mg/m<sup>2</sup> , while the highest median concentrations of AFDM, seston CHLa, and POC were in the summer 55.4 g/m<sup>2</sup> , 2.96 &micro;g/L, and 0.81 mg/L respectively. There were no significant differences among seasons for periphyton CHLa and AFDM; there were significant differences among seasons for seston CHLa and POC.</p>\n<p>There were no significant relations with nutrients and periphyton or seston CHLa parameters. The only significant positive relations were observed between summer POC and summer TP as well as summer POC and summer TKN. Positive relations also related spring POC and spring TP. These significant relations with TP are most likely related to phosphorus associated within seston algal cells and attached to sediment.</p>\n<p>Drainage area and land use were analyzed to understand the effect of site location on algal growth. Study basins varied in size (headwater streams, 0&ndash;51 km<sup>2</sup> ; wadable streams, 52&ndash;2,590 km<sup>2</sup> ; and boatable streams, 2,591&ndash;38,900 km<sup>2</sup> ) and were dominated by agricultural land use. Basin characteristics (land use, drainage area) as well as substrate type, turbidity, and nutrients, affected the concentration of algal biomass parameters. Of the eight basins in which samples were collected during the 5-year study, the Whitewater River Basin (2002) had the highest median concentration of periphyton CHLa (63.1 mg/m<sup>2</sup> ), the Tributaries to the Great Lakes (2005) exhibited the highest median concentration for AFDM (160 g/m<sup>2</sup> ), the East Fork White River Basin (2002) had nearly twice the median concentration (4.01 &micro;g/L) of seston CHLa as the other basins, and the West Fork White River Basin (2001) exhibited the highest median concentration of POC (1.10 mg/L). Of the eight major basins sampled, 15&ndash;45 percent of the periphyton CHLa and up to 20 percent of the seston CHLa samples were eutrophic. Samples collected at headwater and wadable streams were the most eutrophic for periphyton CHLa (31&ndash;36 percent) and 28 percent of samples collected at boatable streams were eutrophic for seston CHLa.</p>\n<p>As basin size increased, seston CHLa and POC concentrations increased while periphyton CHLa and AFDM concentrations decreased. The median turbidity values ranged from 6.95 NTU for headwater streams to 8.27 NTU for wadable streams, and 17.0 NTU for boatable streams. In addition, the types and availability of periphytic substrates (epilithic, epipsammic, or epidendric) were an important factor when comparing periphyton CHLa and AFDM concentrations in the study due to the periphytic substrates individual susceptibility to bed movement and scouring. Periphyton CHLa median concentrations ranged from 53.8 mg/m<sup>2</sup> for epilithic substrates,&nbsp;to 41.8 mg/m<sup>2</sup> for epipsammic substrates, and 17.2 mg/m<sup>2</sup> for epidendric substrates. Higher AFDM concentrations were collected from epipsammic substrates during years of low stream discharge velocity, which enhanced the settling of organic matter on epipsammic substrates. AFDM median concentrations ranged from 141 g/m<sup>2</sup> for epipsammic to 28.8 g/m<sup>2</sup> for epilithic and 22.9 g/m<sup>2</sup> for epidendric substrates.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The seasonal values for nutrients (nitrate, TKN, TN, and TP) and algal biomass (periphyton CHLa, AFDM, seston CHLa, and POC) were compared to published U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) values for their respective ecoregions. Algal biomass values either were greater than the 25th percentile published USEPA values or extended the range of data in Aggregate Nutrient Ecoregions VI, VII, IX and USEPA Level III Ecoregions 54, 55, 56, 71, and 72. If the values for the 25th percentile proposed by the USEPA were adopted as nutrient water-quality criteria, then about 71 percent of the nutrient samples and 57 percent of the CHLa samples within the eight study basins would be considered nutrient enriched.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085203","isbn":"9781411322943","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management, Division of Water, Assessment Branch","usgsCitation":"Lowe, B.S., Leer, D.R., Frey, J.W., and Caskey, B.J., 2008, Occurrence and distribution of algal biomass and Its relation to nutrients and selected basin characteristics in Indiana streams, 2001-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5203, Report: x, 146 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085203.","productDescription":"Report: x, 146 p.; Appendixes","startPage":"1","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"160","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322009,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12334,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5203/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-66.28243,18.51476],[-65.7713,18.42668],[-65.591,18.22803],[-65.84716,17.97591],[-66.59993,17.98182],[-67.18416,17.94655],[-67.24243,18.37446],[-67.10068,18.5206],[-66.28243,18.51476]]],[[[-155.54211,19.08348],[-155.68817,18.91619],[-155.93665,19.05939],[-155.90806,19.33888],[-156.07347,19.70294],[-156.02368,19.81422],[-155.85008,19.97729],[-155.91907,20.17395],[-155.86108,20.26721],[-155.78505,20.2487],[-155.40214,20.07975],[-155.22452,19.99302],[-155.06226,19.8591],[-154.80741,19.50871],[-154.83147,19.45328],[-155.22217,19.23972],[-155.54211,19.08348]]],[[[-156.07926,20.64397],[-156.41445,20.57241],[-156.58673,20.783],[-156.70167,20.8643],[-156.71055,20.92676],[-156.61258,21.01249],[-156.25711,20.91745],[-155.99566,20.76404],[-156.07926,20.64397]]],[[[-156.75824,21.17684],[-156.78933,21.06873],[-157.32521,21.09777],[-157.25027,21.21958],[-156.75824,21.17684]]],[[[-157.65283,21.32217],[-157.70703,21.26442],[-157.7786,21.27729],[-158.12667,21.31244],[-158.2538,21.53919],[-158.29265,21.57912],[-158.0252,21.71696],[-157.94161,21.65272],[-157.65283,21.32217]]],[[[-159.34512,21.982],[-159.46372,21.88299],[-159.80051,22.06533],[-159.74877,22.1382],[-159.5962,22.23618],[-159.36569,22.21494],[-159.34512,21.982]]],[[[-94.81758,49.38905],[-94.64,48.84],[-94.32914,48.67074],[-93.63087,48.60926],[-92.61,48.45],[-91.64,48.14],[-90.83,48.27],[-89.6,48.01],[-89.27292,48.01981],[-88.37811,48.30292],[-87.43979,47.94],[-86.46199,47.55334],[-85.65236,47.22022],[-84.87608,46.90008],[-84.77924,46.6371],[-84.54375,46.53868],[-84.6049,46.4396],[-84.3367,46.40877],[-84.14212,46.51223],[-84.09185,46.27542],[-83.89077,46.11693],[-83.61613,46.11693],[-83.46955,45.99469],[-83.59285,45.81689],[-82.55092,45.34752],[-82.33776,44.44],[-82.13764,43.57109],[-82.43,42.98],[-82.9,42.43],[-83.12,42.08],[-83.142,41.97568],[-83.02981,41.8328],[-82.69009,41.67511],[-82.43928,41.67511],[-81.27775,42.20903],[-80.24745,42.3662],[-78.93936,42.86361],[-78.92,42.965],[-79.01,43.27],[-79.17167,43.46634],[-78.72028,43.62509],[-77.73789,43.62906],[-76.82003,43.62878],[-76.5,44.01846],[-76.375,44.09631],[-75.31821,44.81645],[-74.867,45.00048],[-73.34783,45.00738],[-71.50506,45.0082],[-71.405,45.255],[-71.08482,45.30524],[-70.66,45.46],[-70.305,45.915],[-69.99997,46.69307],[-69.23722,47.44778],[-68.905,47.185],[-68.23444,47.35486],[-67.79046,47.06636],[-67.79134,45.70281],[-67.13741,45.13753],[-66.96466,44.8097],[-68.03252,44.3252],[-69.06,43.98],[-70.11617,43.68405],[-70.64548,43.09024],[-70.81489,42.8653],[-70.825,42.335],[-70.495,41.805],[-70.08,41.78],[-70.185,42.145],[-69.88497,41.92283],[-69.96503,41.63717],[-70.64,41.475],[-71.12039,41.49445],[-71.86,41.32],[-72.295,41.27],[-72.87643,41.22065],[-73.71,40.9311],[-72.24126,41.11948],[-71.945,40.93],[-73.345,40.63],[-73.982,40.628],[-73.95232,40.75075],[-74.25671,40.47351],[-73.96244,40.42763],[-74.17838,39.70926],[-74.90604,38.93954],[-74.98041,39.1964],[-75.20002,39.24845],[-75.52805,39.4985],[-75.32,38.96],[-75.07183,38.78203],[-75.05673,38.40412],[-75.37747,38.01551],[-75.94023,37.21689],[-76.03127,37.2566],[-75.72205,37.93705],[-76.23287,38.31921],[-76.35,39.15],[-76.54272,38.71762],[-76.32933,38.08326],[-76.99,38.23999],[-76.30162,37.91794],[-76.25874,36.9664],[-75.9718,36.89726],[-75.86804,36.55125],[-75.72749,35.55074],[-76.36318,34.80854],[-77.39763,34.51201],[-78.05496,33.92547],[-78.55435,33.86133],[-79.06067,33.49395],[-79.20357,33.15839],[-80.30132,32.50935],[-80.86498,32.0333],[-81.33629,31.44049],[-81.49042,30.72999],[-81.31371,30.03552],[-80.98,29.18],[-80.53558,28.47213],[-80.53,28.04],[-80.05654,26.88],[-80.08801,26.20576],[-80.13156,25.81677],[-80.38103,25.20616],[-80.68,25.08],[-81.17213,25.20126],[-81.33,25.64],[-81.71,25.87],[-82.24,26.73],[-82.70515,27.49504],[-82.85526,27.88624],[-82.65,28.55],[-82.93,29.1],[-83.70959,29.93656],[-84.1,30.09],[-85.10882,29.63615],[-85.28784,29.68612],[-85.7731,30.15261],[-86.4,30.4],[-87.53036,30.27433],[-88.41782,30.3849],[-89.18049,30.31598],[-89.59383,30.15999],[-89.41373,29.89419],[-89.43,29.48864],[-89.21767,29.29108],[-89.40823,29.15961],[-89.77928,29.30714],[-90.15463,29.11743],[-90.88022,29.14854],[-91.62678,29.677],[-92.49906,29.5523],[-93.22637,29.78375],[-93.84842,29.71363],[-94.69,29.48],[-95.60026,28.73863],[-96.59404,28.30748],[-97.14,27.83],[-97.37,27.38],[-97.38,26.69],[-97.33,26.21],[-97.14,25.87],[-97.53,25.84],[-98.24,26.06],[-99.02,26.37],[-99.3,26.84],[-99.52,27.54],[-100.11,28.11],[-100.45584,28.69612],[-100.9576,29.38071],[-101.6624,29.7793],[-102.48,29.76],[-103.11,28.97],[-103.94,29.27],[-104.45697,29.57196],[-104.70575,30.12173],[-105.03737,30.64402],[-105.63159,31.08383],[-106.1429,31.39995],[-106.50759,31.75452],[-108.24,31.75485],[-108.24194,31.34222],[-109.035,31.34194],[-111.02361,31.33472],[-113.30498,32.03914],[-114.815,32.52528],[-114.72139,32.72083],[-115.99135,32.61239],[-117.12776,32.53534],[-117.29594,33.04622],[-117.944,33.62124],[-118.4106,33.74091],[-118.51989,34.02778],[-119.081,34.078],[-119.43884,34.34848],[-120.36778,34.44711],[-120.62286,34.60855],[-120.74433,35.15686],[-121.71457,36.16153],[-122.54747,37.55176],[-122.51201,37.78339],[-122.95319,38.11371],[-123.7272,38.95166],[-123.86517,39.76699],[-124.39807,40.3132],[-124.17886,41.14202],[-124.2137,41.99964],[-124.53284,42.76599],[-124.14214,43.70838],[-124.02053,44.6159],[-123.89893,45.52341],[-124.07963,46.86475],[-124.39567,47.72017],[-124.68721,48.18443],[-124.5661,48.37971],[-123.12,48.04],[-122.58736,47.096],[-122.34,47.36],[-122.5,48.18],[-122.84,49],[-120,49],[-117.03121,49],[-116.04818,49],[-113,49],[-110.05,49],[-107.05,49],[-104.04826,48.99986],[-100.65,49],[-97.22872,49.0007],[-95.15907,49],[-95.15609,49.38425],[-94.81758,49.38905]]],[[[-153.00631,57.11584],[-154.00509,56.73468],[-154.5164,56.99275],[-154.67099,57.4612],[-153.76278,57.81657],[-153.22873,57.96897],[-152.56479,57.90143],[-152.14115,57.59106],[-153.00631,57.11584]]],[[[-165.57916,59.90999],[-166.19277,59.75444],[-166.84834,59.94141],[-167.45528,60.21307],[-166.46779,60.38417],[-165.67443,60.29361],[-165.57916,59.90999]]],[[[-171.73166,63.78252],[-171.11443,63.59219],[-170.49111,63.69498],[-169.68251,63.43112],[-168.68944,63.29751],[-168.77194,63.1886],[-169.52944,62.97693],[-170.29056,63.19444],[-170.67139,63.37582],[-171.55306,63.31779],[-171.79111,63.40585],[-171.73166,63.78252]]],[[[-155.06779,71.14778],[-154.34417,70.69641],[-153.90001,70.88999],[-152.21001,70.82999],[-152.27,70.60001],[-150.73999,70.43002],[-149.72,70.53001],[-147.61336,70.21403],[-145.68999,70.12001],[-144.92001,69.98999],[-143.58945,70.15251],[-142.07251,69.85194],[-140.98599,69.712],[-140.9925,66.00003],[-140.99777,60.3064],[-140.013,60.27684],[-139.039,60.00001],[-138.34089,59.56211],[-137.4525,58.905],[-136.47972,59.46389],[-135.47583,59.78778],[-134.945,59.27056],[-134.27111,58.86111],[-133.35555,58.41029],[-132.73042,57.69289],[-131.70781,56.55212],[-130.00778,55.91583],[-129.97999,55.285],[-130.53611,54.80275],[-131.08582,55.17891],[-131.96721,55.49778],[-132.25001,56.37],[-133.53918,57.17889],[-134.07806,58.12307],[-135.03821,58.18771],[-136.62806,58.21221],[-137.80001,58.5],[-139.86779,59.53776],[-140.82527,59.72752],[-142.57444,60.08445],[-143.95888,59.99918],[-145.92556,60.45861],[-147.11437,60.88466],[-148.22431,60.67299],[-148.01807,59.97833],[-148.57082,59.91417],[-149.72786,59.70566],[-150.60824,59.36821],[-151.71639,59.15582],[-151.85943,59.74498],[-151.40972,60.7258],[-150.34694,61.03359],[-150.62111,61.28442],[-151.89584,60.7272],[-152.57833,60.06166],[-154.01917,59.35028],[-153.28751,58.86473],[-154.23249,58.14637],[-155.30749,57.72779],[-156.30833,57.42277],[-156.5561,56.97998],[-158.11722,56.46361],[-158.43332,55.99415],[-159.60333,55.56669],[-160.28972,55.64358],[-161.22305,55.36473],[-162.23777,55.02419],[-163.06945,54.68974],[-164.78557,54.40417],[-164.94223,54.57222],[-163.84834,55.03943],[-162.87,55.34804],[-161.80417,55.89499],[-160.5636,56.00805],[-160.07056,56.41806],[-158.68444,57.01668],[-158.4611,57.21692],[-157.72277,57.57],[-157.55027,58.32833],[-157.04167,58.91888],[-158.19473,58.6158],[-158.51722,58.78778],[-159.05861,58.42419],[-159.71167,58.93139],[-159.98129,58.57255],[-160.35527,59.07112],[-161.355,58.67084],[-161.96889,58.67166],[-162.05499,59.26693],[-161.87417,59.63362],[-162.51806,59.98972],[-163.81834,59.79806],[-164.66222,60.26748],[-165.34639,60.5075],[-165.35083,61.0739],[-166.12138,61.50002],[-165.73445,62.075],[-164.91918,62.63308],[-164.56251,63.14638],[-163.75333,63.21945],[-163.06722,63.05946],[-162.26056,63.54194],[-161.53445,63.45582],[-160.77251,63.76611],[-160.95834,64.2228],[-161.51807,64.40279],[-160.77778,64.7886],[-161.39193,64.77724],[-162.45305,64.55944],[-162.75779,64.33861],[-163.54639,64.55916],[-164.96083,64.44695],[-166.42529,64.68667],[-166.845,65.0889],[-168.11056,65.67],[-166.70527,66.08832],[-164.47471,66.57666],[-163.65251,66.57666],[-163.7886,66.07721],[-161.67777,66.11612],[-162.48971,66.73557],[-163.71972,67.11639],[-164.43099,67.61634],[-165.39029,68.04277],[-166.76444,68.35888],[-166.20471,68.88303],[-164.43081,68.91554],[-163.16861,69.37111],[-162.93057,69.85806],[-161.9089,70.33333],[-160.9348,70.44769],[-159.03918,70.89164],[-158.11972,70.82472],[-156.58082,71.35776],[-155.06779,71.14778]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"United States\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696385","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowe, B. Scott","contributorId":52671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leer, Donald R.","contributorId":91185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leer","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frey, Jeffrey W. 0000-0002-3453-5009 jwfrey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3453-5009","contributorId":487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frey","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jwfrey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caskey, Brian J.","contributorId":104119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caskey","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97287,"text":"sir20085100 - 2008 - Simulation of the Quantity, Variability, and Timing of Streamflow in the Dennys River Basin, Maine, by Use of a Precipitation-Runoff Watershed Model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:28","indexId":"sir20085100","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5100","title":"Simulation of the Quantity, Variability, and Timing of Streamflow in the Dennys River Basin, Maine, by Use of a Precipitation-Runoff Watershed Model","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Maine Department of Marine Resources Bureau of Sea Run Fisheries and Habitat, began a study in 2004 to characterize the quantity, variability, and timing of streamflow in the Dennys River. The study included a synoptic summary of historical streamflow data at a long-term streamflow gage, collecting data from an additional four short-term streamflow gages, and the development and evaluation of a distributed-parameter watershed model for the Dennys River Basin. The watershed model used in this investigation was the USGS Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS). \r\n\r\nThe Geographic Information System (GIS) Weasel was used to delineate the Dennys River Basin and subbasins and derive parameters for their physical geographic features. Calibration of the models used in this investigation involved a four-step procedure in which model output was evaluated against four calibration data sets using computed objective functions for solar radiation, potential evapotranspiration, annual and seasonal water budgets, and daily streamflows. The calibration procedure involved thousands of model runs and was carried out using the USGS software application Luca (Let us calibrate). Luca uses the Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE) global search algorithm to calibrate the model parameters. The SCE method reliably produces satisfactory solutions for large, complex optimization problems. The primary calibration effort went into the Dennys main stem watershed model. Calibrated parameter values obtained for the Dennys main stem model were transferred to the Cathance Stream model, and a similar four-step SCE calibration procedure was performed; this effort was undertaken to determine the potential to transfer modeling information to a nearby basin in the same region. The calibrated Dennys main stem watershed model performed with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) statistic values for the calibration period and evaluation period of 0.79 and 0.76, respectively. The Cathance Stream model had an NSE value of 0.68. \r\n\r\nThe Dennys River Basin models make use of limited streamflow-gaging station data and provide information to characterize subbasin hydrology. The calibrated PRMS watershed models of the Dennys River Basin provide simulated daily streamflow time series from October 1, 1985, through September 30, 2006, for nearly any location within the basin. These models enable natural-resources managers to characterize the timing and quantity of water moving through the basin to support many endeavors including geochemical calculations, water-use assessment, Atlantic salmon population dynamics and migration modeling, habitat modeling and assessment, and other resource-management scenario evaluations. Characterizing streamflow contributions from subbasins in the basin and the relative amounts of surface- and ground-water contributions to streamflow throughout the basin will lead to a better understanding of water quantity and quality in the basin. Improved water-resources information will support Atlantic salmon protection efforts.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085100","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Maine Department of Marine Resources Bureau of Sea Run Fisheries and Habitat","usgsCitation":"Dudley, R.W., 2008, Simulation of the Quantity, Variability, and Timing of Streamflow in the Dennys River Basin, Maine, by Use of a Precipitation-Runoff Watershed Model: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5100, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085100.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12338,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5100/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -69,44 ], [ -69,46 ], [ -66.75,46 ], [ -66.75,44 ], [ -69,44 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f2184","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97278,"text":"sir20085174 - 2008 - Nutrient concentrations, loads, and yields in the Eucha-Spavinaw Basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma, 2002-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T21:18:52.546579","indexId":"sir20085174","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5174","title":"Nutrient concentrations, loads, and yields in the Eucha-Spavinaw Basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma, 2002-2006","docAbstract":"<p>The City of Tulsa, Oklahoma, uses Lake Eucha and Spavinaw Lake in the Eucha-Spavinaw basin in northwestern Arkansas and northeastern Oklahoma for public water supply. Taste and odor problems in the water attributable to blue-green algae have increased in frequency. Changes in the algae community in the lakes may be attributable to increases in nutrient levels in the lakes, and in the waters feeding the lakes. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Tulsa, investigated and summarized nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and provided estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus loads, yields, and flow-weighted concentrations in the Eucha-Spavinaw basin for three 3-year periods—2002–2004, 2003–2005, and 2004–2006, to update a previous report that used data from water-quality samples for a 3-year period from January 2002 through December 2004. This report provides information needed to advance knowledge of the regional hydrologic system and understanding of hydrologic processes, and provides hydrologic data and results useful to multiple agencies for interstate agreements.</p><p>Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were significantly greater in runoff samples than in base-flow samples for all three periods at Spavinaw Creek near Maysville, Arkansas; Spavinaw Creek near Colcord, Oklahoma, and Beaty Creek near Jay, Oklahoma. Runoff concentrations were not significantly greater than base-flow concentrations at Spavinaw Creek near Cherokee, Arkansas; and Spavinaw Creek near Sycamore, Oklahoma except for phosphorus during 2003–2005.</p><p>Nitrogen concentrations in base-flow samples significantly increased downstream in Spavinaw Creek from the Maysville to Sycamore stations then significantly decreased from the Sycamore to the Colcord stations for all three periods. Nitrogen in base-flow samples from Beaty Creek was significantly less than in samples from Spavinaw Creek. Phosphorus concentrations in base-flow samples significantly increased from the Maysville to Cherokee stations in Spavinaw Creek for all three periods, probably because of a wastewater-treatment plant point source between those stations, and then significantly decreased downstream from the Cherokee to Colcord stations. Phosphorus in base-flow samples from Beaty Creek was significantly less than phosphorus in base-flow samples from Spavinaw Creek downstream from the Maysville station. Nitrogen concentrations in runoff samples were not significantly different among the stations on Spavinaw Creek for most of the three periods, except during 2003–2005 when runoff samples at the Colcord station were less than at the Sycamore station; however, the concentrations at Beaty Creek were significantly less than at all other stations. Phosphorus concentrations in runoff samples were not significantly different among the three downstream stations on Spavinaw Creek and were significantly different at the Maysville station on Spavinaw Creek and the Beaty Creek station, only during 2004–2006. Phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations in runoff samples from all stations generally increased with increasing streamflow.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085174","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Tulsa, Oklahoma","usgsCitation":"Tortorelli, R.L., 2008, Nutrient concentrations, loads, and yields in the Eucha-Spavinaw Basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma, 2002-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5174, vi, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085174.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430630,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86351.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12329,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5174/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Eucha-Spavinaw Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.25,36.166666666666664 ], [ -95.25,36.5 ], [ -94.25,36.5 ], [ -94.25,36.166666666666664 ], [ -95.25,36.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604628","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tortorelli, Robert L.","contributorId":65071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tortorelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97279,"text":"sir20085199 - 2008 - Hydrologic Drought of Water Year 2006 Compared with Four Major Drought Periods of the 20th Century in Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:25","indexId":"sir20085199","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5199","title":"Hydrologic Drought of Water Year 2006 Compared with Four Major Drought Periods of the 20th Century in Oklahoma","docAbstract":"Water Year 2006 (October 1, 2005, to September 30, 2006) was a year of extreme hydrologic drought and the driest year in the recent 2002-2006 drought in Oklahoma. The severity of this recent drought can be evaluated by comparing it with four previous major hydrologic droughts, water years 1929-41, 1952-56, 1961-72, and 1976-81. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board, completed an investigation to summarize the Water Year 2006 hydrologic drought and compare it to the four previous major hydrologic droughts in the 20th century.\r\n\r\nThe period of water years 1925-2006 was selected as the period of record because before 1925 few continuous record streamflow-gaging sites existed and gaps existed where no streamflow-gaging sites were operated. Statewide annual precipitation in Water Year 2006 was second driest and statewide annual runoff in Water Year 2006 was sixth driest in the 82 years of record.\r\n\r\nAnnual area-averaged precipitation totals by the nine National Weather Service Climate Divisions from Water Year 2006 are compared to those during four previous major hydrologic droughts to show how rainfall deficits in Oklahoma varied by region. Only two of the nine climate divisions, Climate Division 1 Panhandle and Climate Division 4 West Central, had minor rainfall deficits, while the rest of the climate divisions had severe rainfall deficits in Water Year 2006 ranging from only 65 to 73 percent of normal annual precipitation.\r\n\r\nRegional streamflow patterns for Water Year 2006 indicate that Oklahoma was part of the regionwide below-normal streamflow conditions for Arkansas-White-Red River Basin, the sixth driest since 1930. The percentage of long-term stations in Oklahoma (with at least 30 years of record) having below-normal streamflow reached 80 to 85 percent for some days in August and November 2006.\r\n\r\nTwelve long-term streamflow-gaging sites with periods of record ranging from 62 to 78 years were selected to show how streamflow deficits varied by region. The hydrologic drought worsened going from north to south in Oklahoma, ranging from 45 percent in the north, to just 14 percent in east-central Oklahoma, and 20 percent of normal annual streamflow in the southwest.\r\n\r\nThe low streamflows resulted in only 86.3 percent of the statewide conservation storage available at the end of the water year in major reservoirs, and 7 to 47 percent of hydroelectric power generation at sites in Oklahoma in Calendar Year 2005.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085199","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Tortorelli, R.L., 2008, Hydrologic Drought of Water Year 2006 Compared with Four Major Drought Periods of the 20th Century in Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5199, vi, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085199.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p.","temporalStart":"2005-10-01","temporalEnd":"2006-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12330,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5199/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103,33 ], [ -103,38 ], [ -94,38 ], [ -94,33 ], [ -103,33 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60edc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tortorelli, Robert L.","contributorId":65071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tortorelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97276,"text":"fs20083101 - 2008 - Management of Urban Stormwater Runoff in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:29","indexId":"fs20083101","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3101","title":"Management of Urban Stormwater Runoff in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed","docAbstract":"Urban and suburban development is associated with elevated nutrients, sediment, and other pollutants in stormwater runoff, impacting the physical and environmental health of area streams and downstream water bodies such as the Chesapeake Bay. Stormwater management facilities, also known as Best Management Practices (BMPs), are increasingly being used in urban areas to replace functions, such as flood protection and water quality improvement, originally performed by wetlands and riparian areas.\r\n\r\nScientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have partnered with local, academic, and other Federal agency scientists to better understand the effectiveness of different stormwater management systems with respect to Chesapeake Bay health. Management of stormwater runoff is necessary in urban areas to address flooding and water quality concerns. Improving our understanding of what stormwater management actions may be best suited for different types of developed areas could help protect the environmental health of downstream water bodies that ultimately receive runoff from urban landscapes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20083101","usgsCitation":"Hogan, D.M., 2008, Management of Urban Stormwater Runoff in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3101, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083101.","productDescription":"3 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3101.jpg"},{"id":12327,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3101/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a27a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogan, Dianna M. 0000-0003-1492-4514 dhogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1492-4514","contributorId":2299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"Dianna","email":"dhogan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97273,"text":"sir20075257 - 2008 - Use of inverse-modeling methods to improve ground-water-model calibration and evaluate model-prediction uncertainty, Camp Edwards, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T12:31:33","indexId":"sir20075257","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5257","title":"Use of inverse-modeling methods to improve ground-water-model calibration and evaluate model-prediction uncertainty, Camp Edwards, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Historical weapons testing and disposal activities at Camp Edwards, which is located on the Massachusetts Military Reservation, western Cape Cod, have resulted in the release of contaminants into an underlying sand and gravel aquifer that is the sole source of potable water to surrounding communities. Ground-water models have been used at the site to simulate advective transport in the aquifer in support of field investigations. Reasonable models developed by different groups and calibrated by trial and error often yield different predictions of advective transport, and the predictions lack quantitative measures of uncertainty. A recently (2004) developed regional model of western Cape Cod, modified to include the sensitivity and parameter-estimation capabilities of MODFLOW-2000, was used in this report to evaluate the utility of inverse (statistical) methods to (1) improve model calibration and (2) assess model-prediction uncertainty.\r\n\r\nSimulated heads and flows were most sensitive to recharge and to the horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the Buzzards Bay and Sandwich Moraines and the Buzzards Bay and northern parts of the Mashpee outwash plains. Conversely, simulated heads and flows were much less sensitive to vertical hydraulic conductivity. Parameter estimation (inverse calibration) improved the match to observed heads and flows; the absolute mean residual for heads improved by 0.32 feet and the absolute mean residual for streamflows improved by about 0.2 cubic feet per second. Advective-transport predictions in Camp Edwards generally were most sensitive to the parameters with the highest precision (lowest coefficients of variation), indicating that the numerical model is adequate for evaluating prediction uncertainties in and around Camp Edwards. The incorporation of an advective-transport observation, representing the leading edge of a contaminant plume that had been difficult to match by using trial-and-error calibration, improved the match between an observed and simulated plume path; however, a modified representation of local geology was needed to simultaneously maintain a reasonable calibration to heads and flows and to the plume path.\r\n\r\nAdvective-transport uncertainties were expressed as about 68-, 95-, and 99-percent confidence intervals on three dimensional simulated particle positions. The confidence intervals can be graphically represented as ellipses around individual particle positions in the X-Y (geographic) plane and in the X-Z or Y-Z (vertical) planes. The merging of individual ellipses allows uncertainties on forward particle tracks to be displayed in map or cross-sectional view as a cone of uncertainty around a simulated particle path; uncertainties on reverse particle-track endpoints - representing simulated recharge locations - can be geographically displayed as areas at the water table around the discrete particle endpoints. This information gives decisionmakers insight into the level of confidence they can have in particle-tracking results and can assist them in the efficient use of available field resources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075257","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Impact Area Groundwater Study Program of the National Guard Bureau and U.S. Army Environmental Command","usgsCitation":"Walter, D.A., and LeBlanc, D.R., 2008, Use of inverse-modeling methods to improve ground-water-model calibration and evaluate model-prediction uncertainty, Camp Edwards, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5257, viii, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075257.","productDescription":"viii, 49 p.","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5257.jpg"},{"id":12323,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5257/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.71666666666667,41.46666666666667 ], [ -70.71666666666667,41.8 ], [ -70.11666666666666,41.8 ], [ -70.11666666666666,41.46666666666667 ], [ -70.71666666666667,41.46666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db60519c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walter, Donald A. 0000-0003-0879-4477 dawalter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-4477","contributorId":1101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Donald","email":"dawalter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628 dleblanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":1696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"dleblanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97271,"text":"sir20085060 - 2008 - Water-Quality Conditions and Constituent Loads, Water Years 1996-2002, and Water-Quality Trends, Water Years 1983-2002, in the Scituate Reservoir Drainage Area, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:30:20","indexId":"sir20085060","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5060","title":"Water-Quality Conditions and Constituent Loads, Water Years 1996-2002, and Water-Quality Trends, Water Years 1983-2002, in the Scituate Reservoir Drainage Area, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"The Scituate Reservoir is the primary source of drinking water for more than 60 percent of the population of Rhode Island. Water-quality data and streamflow data collected at 37 surface-water monitoring stations in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, from October 1, 1995 through September 30, 2002, (water years (WY) 1996-2002) were analyzed to determine water-quality conditions and constituent loads in the drainage area. Trends in water quality, including physical properties and concentrations of constituents, were investigated for the same period and for a longer period from October 1, 1982 through September 30, 2002 (WY 1983-2002). Water samples were collected and analyzed by Providence Water Supply Board, the agency that manages the Scituate Reservoir. Streamflow data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey. Median values and other summary statistics were calculated for WY 1996-2002 for all 37 monitoring stations for pH, color, turbidity, alkalinity, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, total coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, orthophosphate, iron, and manganese. Instantaneous loads and yields (loads per unit area) of total coliform and E. coli bacteria (indicator bacteria), chloride, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, iron, and manganese were calculated for all sampling dates during WY 1996-2002 for the 23 stations with streamflow data. Values of physical properties and concentrations of constituents were compared to State and Federal water-quality standards and guidelines, and were related to streamflow, land-use characteristics, and road density.\r\n\r\nTributary stream water in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area for WY 1996-2002 was slightly acidic (median pH of all stations equal to 6.1) and contained low concentrations of chloride (median 13 milligrams per liter (mg/L)), nitrate (median 0.04 mg/L as N), and orthophosphate (median 0.04 mg/L as P). Turbidity and alkalinity values also were low with median values of 0.62 nephelometric turbidity units and 4.8 mg/L as calcium carbonate, respectively. Indicator bacteria were detected in samples from all stations, but median concentrations were low, 23 and 9 colony-forming units per 100 mL for total coliform and E. coli bacteria, respectively. Median values of several physical properties and median concentrations of several constituents that can be related to human activities correlated positively with the percentages of developed land and correlated negatively with the percentages of forest cover in the drainage areas of the monitoring stations. Median concentrations of chloride also correlated positively with the density of roads in the drainage areas of monitoring stations, likely reflecting the effects of road-salt applications. Median values of color correlated positively with the percentages of wetlands in the drainage areas of monitoring stations, reflecting the natural sources of color in tributary stream waters. Negative correlations of turbidity, indicator bacteria, and chloride with streamflow likely reflect seasonal patterns, in which higher values and concentrations of these properties and constituents occur during low-flow conditions at the ends of water years. Similar seasonal patterns were observed for pH, alkalinity, and color.\r\n\r\nLoads and yields of chloride, nitrate, orthophosphate, and bacteria varied among monitoring stations in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area. Loads generally were higher at stations with larger drainage areas and at stations in the eastern, more developed parts of the Scituate Reservoir drainage area. Yields generally were higher at stations in the eastern parts of the drainage area. Upward trends in pH were identified for nearly half the monitoring stations and may reflect regional reductions in acid precipitation. Upward and downward trends were identified in chloride concentrations at various stations; upward trends may reflect the effects of increasing development, whereas strong downward trends at","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085060","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Providence Water Supply Board","usgsCitation":"Nimiroski, M.T., DeSimone, L., and Waldron, M.C., 2008, Water-Quality Conditions and Constituent Loads, Water Years 1996-2002, and Water-Quality Trends, Water Years 1983-2002, in the Scituate Reservoir Drainage Area, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5060, viii, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085060.","productDescription":"viii, 48 p.","temporalStart":"1983-10-01","temporalEnd":"2002-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5060.jpg"},{"id":12321,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5060/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.83333333333333,41.666666666666664 ], [ -71.83333333333333,41.916666666666664 ], [ -71.5,41.916666666666664 ], [ -71.5,41.666666666666664 ], [ -71.83333333333333,41.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b018","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimiroski, Mark T.","contributorId":65898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimiroski","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeSimone, Leslie A. 0000-0003-0774-9607 ldesimon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-9607","contributorId":176711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSimone","given":"Leslie A.","email":"ldesimon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waldron, Marcus C. mwaldron@usgs.gov","contributorId":1867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldron","given":"Marcus","email":"mwaldron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97270,"text":"ofr20081242 - 2008 - User's Guide to the Water-Analysis Screening Tool (WAST): A Tool for Assessing Available Water Resources in Relation to Aquatic-Resource Uses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-08T12:21:25","indexId":"ofr20081242","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1242","title":"User's Guide to the Water-Analysis Screening Tool (WAST): A Tool for Assessing Available Water Resources in Relation to Aquatic-Resource Uses","docAbstract":"A water-analysis screening tool (WAST) was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, in partnership with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, to provide an initial screening of areas in the state where potential problems may exist related to the availability of water resources to meet current and future water-use demands. The tool compares water-use information to an initial screening criteria of the 7-day, 10-year low-flow statistic (7Q10) resulting in a screening indicator for influences of net withdrawals (withdrawals minus discharges) on aquatic-resource uses. This report is intended to serve as a guide for using the screening tool.\r\n\r\nThe WAST can display general basin characteristics, water-use information, and screening-indicator information for over 10,000 watersheds in the state. The tool includes 12 primary functions that allow the user to display watershed information, edit water-use and water-supply information, observe effects downstream from edited water-use information, reset edited values to baseline, load new water-use information, save and retrieve scenarios, and save output as a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081242","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Stuckey, M.H., and Kiesler, J.L., 2008, User's Guide to the Water-Analysis Screening Tool (WAST): A Tool for Assessing Available Water Resources in Relation to Aquatic-Resource Uses: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1242, Report: vi, 19 p.; 5 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081242.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 19 p.; 5 Appendixes","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12320,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1242/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db603fda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuckey, Marla H. 0000-0002-5211-8444 mstuckey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5211-8444","contributorId":1734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckey","given":"Marla","email":"mstuckey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kiesler, James L. jkiesler@usgs.gov","contributorId":4470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiesler","given":"James","email":"jkiesler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97257,"text":"sir20085130 - 2008 - Review of Available Water-Quality Data for the Southern Colorado Plateau Network and Characterization of Water Quality in Five Selected Park Units in Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah, 1925 to 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:54","indexId":"sir20085130","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5130","title":"Review of Available Water-Quality Data for the Southern Colorado Plateau Network and Characterization of Water Quality in Five Selected Park Units in Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah, 1925 to 2004","docAbstract":"Historical water-quality data in the National Park Service Southern Colorado Plateau Network have been collected irregularly and with little followup interpretation, restricting the value of the data. To help address these issues, to inform future water-quality monitoring planning efforts, and to address relevant National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program objectives, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Park Service, compiled, reviewed, and summarized available historical water-quality data for 19 park units in the Southern Colorado Plateau Network. The data are described in terms of availability by major water-quality classes, park unit, site type, and selected identified water sources. The report also describes the geology, water resources, water-quality issues, data gaps, and water-quality standard exceedances identified in five of the park units determined to be of high priority. The five park units are Bandelier National Monument in New Mexico, Canyon de Chelly National Monument in Arizona, Chaco Culture National Historical Park in New Mexico, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area in Arizona and Utah, and Mesa Verde National Park in Colorado. Statistical summaries of water-quality characteristics are presented and considerations for future water-quality monitoring are provided for these five park units.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085130","isbn":"9781411322622","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Brown, J., 2008, Review of Available Water-Quality Data for the Southern Colorado Plateau Network and Characterization of Water Quality in Five Selected Park Units in Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah, 1925 to 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5130, x, 119 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085130.","productDescription":"x, 119 p.","temporalStart":"1925-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5130.jpg"},{"id":12306,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5130/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115,32 ], [ -115,40 ], [ -105,40 ], [ -105,32 ], [ -115,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602533","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Juliane B.","contributorId":74040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Juliane B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97264,"text":"sim3057 - 2008 - Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer, West-Central Florida, May 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:54","indexId":"sim3057","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3057","title":"Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer, West-Central Florida, May 2008","docAbstract":"The Floridan aquifer system consists of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers separated by the middle confining unit. The middle confining unit and the Lower Floridan aquifer in west-central Florida generally contain highly mineralized water. The water-bearing units containing fresh water are herein referred to as the Upper Floridan aquifer. The Upper Floridan aquifer is the principal source of water in the Southwest Florida Water Management District and is used for major public supply, domestic use, irrigation, and brackish water desalination in coastal communities (Southwest Florida Water Management District, 2000).\r\n          This map report shows the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer measured in May 2008. The potentiometric surface is an imaginary surface connecting points of equal altitude to which water will rise in tightly-cased wells that tap a confined aquifer system (Lohman, 1979). This map represents water-level conditions near the end of the dry season, when ground-water levels usually are at an annual low and withdrawals for agricultural use typically are high. The cumulative average rainfall of 46.95 inches for west-central Florida (from June 2007 through May 2008) was 5.83 inches below the historical cumulative average of 52.78 inches (Southwest Florida Water Management District, 2008). Historical cumulative averages are calculated from regional rainfall summary reports (1915 to most recent complete calendar year) and are updated monthly by the Southwest Florida Water Management District.\r\n          This report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Southwest Florida Water Management District, is part of a semi-annual series of Upper Floridan aquifer potentiometric-surface map reports for west-central Florida. Potentiometric-surface maps have been prepared for January 1964, May 1969, May 1971, May 1973, May 1974, and for each May and September since 1975. Water-level data are collected in May and September each year to show the approximate annual low and high water-level conditions, respectively. Most of the water-level data for this map were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during the period May 19-23, 2008. Supplemental water-level data were collected by other agencies and companies. A corresponding potentiometric-surface map was prepared for areas east and north of the Southwest Florida Water Management District boundary by the U.S. Geological Survey office in Orlando, Florida (Kinnaman and Dixon, 2008). Most water-level measurements were made during a 5-day period; therefore, measurements do not represent a 'snapshot' of conditions at a specific time, nor do they necessarily coincide with the seasonal low water-level condition.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3057","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Southwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Ortiz, A., 2008, Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer, West-Central Florida, May 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3057, Map Sheet: 34 x 34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3057.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 34 x 34 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-05-01","temporalEnd":"2008-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110805,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86349.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"86349"},{"id":198161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12315,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3057/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","projection":"State Plane Florida East","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.5,26.5 ], [ -84.5,30 ], [ -80.75,30 ], [ -80.75,26.5 ], [ -84.5,26.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dee4b07f02db5e3045","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ortiz, A.G.","contributorId":53357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortiz","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97258,"text":"sir20085238 - 2008 - Analysis of Streamflow Trends, Ground-Water and Surface-Water Interactions, and Water Quality in the Upper Carson River Basin, Nevada and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"sir20085238","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5238","title":"Analysis of Streamflow Trends, Ground-Water and Surface-Water Interactions, and Water Quality in the Upper Carson River Basin, Nevada and California","docAbstract":"Changes in land and water use and increasing development of water resources in the Carson River basin may affect flow of the river and, in turn, affect downstream water users dependent on sustained river flows to Lahontan Reservoir. To address these concerns, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Churchill County, and the Truckee-Carson Irrigation District, began a study in April 2006 to compile data on changes in land and water use, ground-water levels and pumping, streamflow, and water quality, and to make preliminary analyses of ground-water and surface-water interactions in the Carson River basin upstream of Lahontan Reservoir. The part of the basin upstream of Lahontan Reservoir is called the upper Carson River basin in this report.\r\n\r\nIn 2005, irrigated agricultural land covered about 39,000 acres in Carson Valley, 3,100 acres in Dayton Valley, and 1,200 acres in Churchill Valley. Changes in land use in Carson Valley from the 1970s to 2005 included the development of about 2,700 acres of native phreatophytes, the development of 2,200 acres of irrigated land, 900 acres of land irrigated in the 1970s that appeared fallow in 2005, and the irrigation of about 2,100 acres of new agricultural land. In Dayton and Churchill Valleys, about 1,000 acres of phreatophytes and 900 acres of irrigated land were developed, about 140 acres of phreatophytes were replaced by irrigation, and about 600 acres of land irrigated in the 1970s were not irrigated in 2006.\r\n\r\nGround-water pumping in the upper Carson River basin increases during dry years to supplement surface-water irrigation. Total annual pumping exceeded 20,000 acre-ft in the dry year of 1976, exceeded 30,000 acre-ft in the dry years from 1987 to 1992, and increased rapidly during the dry years from 1999 to 2004, and exceeded 50,000 acre-ft in 2004. As many as 67 public supply wells and 46 irrigation wells have been drilled within 0.5 mile of the Carson River. Pumping from these wells has the potential to affect streamflow of the Carson River. It is not certain, however, if all these wells are used currently. \r\n\r\nAnnual streamflow of the Carson River is extremely variable, ranging from a low of about 26,000 acre-ft in 1977 to slightly more than 800,000 acre-ft in 1983 near Fort Churchill. Graphs of the cumulative annual streamflow and differences in the cumulative annual streamflow at Carson River gaging stations upstream and downstream of Carson and Dayton Valleys show an annual decrease in streamflow. The annual decrease in Carson River streamflow averaged about 47,000 acre-ft through Carson Valley, and about 11,000 acre-ft through Dayton Valley for water years 1940-2006. The decrease in streamflow through Carson and Dayton Valleys is a result of evapotranspiration on irrigated lands and losses to ground-water storage, with greater losses in Carson Valley than in Dayton Valley because of the greater area of irrigated land in Carson Valley.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085238","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Churchill County, and the Truckee-Carson Irrigation District","usgsCitation":"Maurer, D.K., Paul, A.P., Berger, D.L., and Mayers, C.J., 2008, Analysis of Streamflow Trends, Ground-Water and Surface-Water Interactions, and Water Quality in the Upper Carson River Basin, Nevada and California (Version 1.1, Revised Mar 30, 2009 ): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5238, Report & Appendix: x, 192 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085238.","productDescription":"Report & Appendix: x, 192 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12307,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5238/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,38 ], [ -120,40.5 ], [ -118,40.5 ], [ -118,38 ], [ -120,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1, Revised Mar 30, 2009 ","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680aef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maurer, Douglas K. dkmaurer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"Douglas","email":"dkmaurer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paul, Angela P. 0000-0003-3909-1598 appaul@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3909-1598","contributorId":2305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"Angela","email":"appaul@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berger, David L. dlberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"David","email":"dlberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mayers, C. Justin cjmayers@usgs.gov","contributorId":94745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayers","given":"C.","email":"cjmayers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Justin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97256,"text":"sir20085218 - 2008 - Estimated Nutrient Concentrations and Continuous Water-Quality Monitoring in the Eucha-Spavinaw Basin, Northwestern Arkansas and Northeastern Oklahoma, 2004-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"sir20085218","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5218","title":"Estimated Nutrient Concentrations and Continuous Water-Quality Monitoring in the Eucha-Spavinaw Basin, Northwestern Arkansas and Northeastern Oklahoma, 2004-2007","docAbstract":"The Eucha-Spavinaw basin is the source of water for Lake Eucha and Spavinaw Lake, which are part of the water supply for the City of Tulsa. The City of Tulsa has received complaints of taste and odor in the finished drinking water because of deteriorating water quality. The deterioration is largely because of algal growth from the input of nutrients from the Eucha-Spavinaw basin. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Tulsa, implemented a continuous, real-time water-quality monitoring program in the Eucha-Spavinaw basin to better understand the source of the nutrient loading. This program included the manual collection of samples analyzed for nutrients and the collection of continuous, in-stream data from water-quality monitors.\r\n\r\nContinuous water-quality monitors were installed at two existing continuous streamflow-gaging stations - Spavinaw Creek near Colcord, Oklahoma, and Beaty Creek near Jay, Oklahoma, from October 2004 through September 2007. Total nitrogen concentrations for manually collected water samples ranged from 2.08 to 9.66 milligrams per liter for the water samples collected from Spavinaw Creek near Colcord, Oklahoma, and from 0.67 to 5.12 milligrams per liter for manually collected water samples from Beaty Creek near Jay, Oklahoma. Total phosphorus concentrations ranged from 0.04 to 1.5 milligrams per liter for the water samples collected from Spavinaw Creek near Colcord and from 0.028 to 1.0 milligram per liter for the water samples collected from Beaty Creek near Jay. Data from water samples and in-stream monitors at Spavinaw and Beaty Creeks (specific conductance and turbidity) were used to develop linear regression equations relating in-stream water properties to total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations. The equations developed for the Spavinaw and Beaty sites are site specific and only valid for the concentration ranges of the explanatory variables used in the analysis. The range in estimated and measured phosphorus is not representative for the range of historic streamflow at the Beaty site and that regression equation would benefit from more high flow and high turbidity samples. In addition, all three study years had below average annual precipitation for the area, and streamflow was especially low in Water Year 2006. Average nutrient concentrations from October 2004 through September 2007, which were drier than others, may not be a good indication of conditions in future wetter years.\r\n\r\nThe equations for the Spavinaw and Beaty sites may be used to estimate instantaneous nutrient concentrations, which can be used to compute loads and yields in real time in order to better characterize the effect of land-management practices in these watersheds on the transport of nutrients to Lake Eucha and Spavinaw Lake. The methods used in this study show promise for monitoring future effectiveness of implemented best management practices, development and monitoring of total maximum daily loads, early detection of taste-and-odor occurrences, and to anticipate treatment needs for water suppliers.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085218","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Tulsa, Oklahoma","usgsCitation":"Christensen, V.G., Esralew, R.A., and Allen, M.L., 2008, Estimated Nutrient Concentrations and Continuous Water-Quality Monitoring in the Eucha-Spavinaw Basin, Northwestern Arkansas and Northeastern Oklahoma, 2004-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5218, vi, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085218.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","temporalStart":"2004-10-01","temporalEnd":"2007-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12305,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5218/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.25,36.166666666666664 ], [ -95.25,36.5 ], [ -95.08333333333333,36.5 ], [ -95.08333333333333,36.166666666666664 ], [ -95.25,36.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686620","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, Victoria G. 0000-0003-4166-7461 vglenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-7461","contributorId":2354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Victoria","email":"vglenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esralew, Rachel A.","contributorId":104862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esralew","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Monica L.","contributorId":43065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Monica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97251,"text":"ofr20081286 - 2008 - Estimated Water Use in Puerto Rico, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:25","indexId":"ofr20081286","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1286","title":"Estimated Water Use in Puerto Rico, 2005","docAbstract":"Water-use data were compiled for the 78 municipios of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico for 2005. Five offstream categories were considered: public-supply water withdrawals and deliveries, domestic self-supplied water use, industrial self-supplied ground-water withdrawals, crop irrigation water use, and thermoelectric power freshwater use. One water-use category also was considered: power-generation instream water use (thermoelectric-saline withdrawals and hydroelectric power). Freshwater withdrawals and deliveries for offstream use from surface- and ground-water sources in Puerto Rico were estimated at 712 million gallons per day (Mgal/d). The largest amount of freshwater withdrawn was by public-supply water facilities and was estimated at 652 Mgal/d. The public-supply domestic water use was estimated at 347 Mgal/d. Fresh surface- and ground-water withdrawals by domestic self-supplied users were estimated at 2.1 Mgal/d and the industrial self-supplied withdrawals were estimated at 9.4 Mgal/d. Withdrawals for crop irrigation purposes were estimated at 45.2 Mgal/d, or approximately 6.3 percent of all offstream freshwater withdrawals. Instream freshwater withdrawals by hydroelectric facilities were estimated at 568 Mgal/d and saline instream surface-water withdrawals for cooling purposes by thermoelectric-power facilities was estimated at 2,288 Mgal/d.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081286","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority, Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, and Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board","usgsCitation":"Molina-Rivera, W.L., and Gómez-Gómez, F., 2008, Estimated Water Use in Puerto Rico, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1286, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081286.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12300,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1286/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -67.33333333333333,17.75 ], [ -67.33333333333333,18.583333333333332 ], [ -65.16666666666667,18.583333333333332 ], [ -65.16666666666667,17.75 ], [ -67.33333333333333,17.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdca6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Molina-Rivera, Wanda L. 0000-0001-5856-283X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5856-283X","contributorId":54190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molina-Rivera","given":"Wanda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gómez-Gómez, Fernando","contributorId":31366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gómez-Gómez","given":"Fernando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97254,"text":"sir20085217 - 2008 - Variability in Lotic Communities in Three Contrasting Stream Environments in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:31","indexId":"sir20085217","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5217","title":"Variability in Lotic Communities in Three Contrasting Stream Environments in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999-2001","docAbstract":"Biotic communities and environmental conditions can be highly variable between natural ecosystems. The variability of natural assemblages should be considered in the interpretation of any ecological study when samples are either spatially or temporally distributed. Little is known about biotic variability in the Santa Ana River Basin. In this report, the lotic community and habitat assessment data from ecological studies done as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program are used for a preliminary assessment of variability in the Santa Ana Basin.\r\n\r\nHabitat was assessed, and benthic algae, benthic macroinvertebrate, and fish samples were collected at four sites during 1999-2001. Three of these sites were sampled all three years. One of these sites is located in the San Bernardino Mountains, and the other two sites are located in the alluvial basin. Analysis of variance determined that the three sites with multiyear data were significantly different for 41 benthic algae metrics and 65 macroinvertebrate metrics and fish communities. Coefficients of variation (CVs) were calculated for the habitat measurements, metrics of benthic algae, and macroinvertebrate data as measures of variability. Annual variability of habitat data was generally greater at the mountain site than at the basin sites. The mountain site had higher CVs for water temperature, depth, velocity, canopy angle, streambed substrate, and most water-quality variables. In general, CVs of most benthic algae metrics calculated from the richest-targeted habitat (RTH) samples were greater at the mountain site. In contrast, CVs of most benthic algae metrics calculated from depositional-targeted habitat (DTH) samples were lower at the mountain site. In general, CVs of macroinvertebrate metrics calculated from qualitative multihabitat (QMH) samples were lower at the mountain site. In contrast, CVs of many metrics calculated from RTH samples were greater at the mountain site than at one of the basin sites. Fish communities were more variable at the basin sites because more species were present at these sites.\r\n\r\nAnnual variability of benthic algae metrics was related to annual variability in habitat variables. The CVs of benthic algae metrics related to the most CVs of habitat variables included QMH taxon richness, the RTH percentage richness, RTH abundance of tolerant taxa, RTH percentage richness of halophilic diatoms, RTH percentage abundance of sestonic diatoms, DTH percentage richness of nitrogen heterotrophic diatoms, and DTH pollution tolerance index. The CVs of macroinvertebrate metrics related to the most CVs of habitat variables included the RTH trichoptera, RTH EPT, RTH scraper richness, RTH nonchironomid dipteran abundance (in percent), and RTH EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) tolerance, which is based on abundance. Many of the CVs of habitat variables related to CVs of macroinvertebrate metrics were the same habitat variables that were related to the CVs of benthic algae metrics. On the basis of these results, annual variability may have a role in the relationship of benthic algae and macroinvertebrates assemblages with habitat and water quality in the Santa Ana Basin. This report provides valuable baseline data on the variability of biological communities in the Santa Ana Basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085217","usgsCitation":"Burton, C., 2008, Variability in Lotic Communities in Three Contrasting Stream Environments in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5217, vii, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085217.","productDescription":"vii, 78 p.","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"2001-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5217.jpg"},{"id":12303,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5217/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.25,33.5 ], [ -118.25,34.5 ], [ -116.5,34.5 ], [ -116.5,33.5 ], [ -118.25,33.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602b78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, Carmen A. 0000-0002-6381-8833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-8833","contributorId":41793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Carmen A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97252,"text":"ofr20081378 - 2008 - Mapping Land Use/Land Cover in the Ambos Nogales Study Area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:55","indexId":"ofr20081378","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1378","title":"Mapping Land Use/Land Cover in the Ambos Nogales Study Area","docAbstract":"The Ambos Nogales watershed, which surrounds the twin cities of Nogales, Arizona, United States and Nogales, Sonora, Mexico, has a history of problems related to flooding. This paper describes the process of creating a high-resolution, binational land-cover dataset to be used in modeling the Ambos Nogales watershed. The Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment tool will be used to model the Ambos Nogales watershed to identify focal points for planning efforts and to anticipate ramifications of implementing detention reservoirs at certain watershed planes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081378","usgsCitation":"Norman, L.M., and Wallace, C., 2008, Mapping Land Use/Land Cover in the Ambos Nogales Study Area (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1378, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081378.","productDescription":"42 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12301,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1378/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.1,31.2 ], [ -111.1,31.5 ], [ -110.8,31.5 ], [ -110.8,31.2 ], [ -111.1,31.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0be4b07f02db69e214","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norman, Laura M. 0000-0002-3696-8406 lnorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura","email":"lnorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wallace, Cynthia S.A.","contributorId":70487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Cynthia S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}