We surveyed for Least Bell’s Vireos (LBVI) (Vireo bellii pusillus) and Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (SWFL) (Empidonax traillii extimus) along the San Luis Rey River, between College Boulevard in Oceanside and Interstate 15 in Fallbrook, California (middle San Luis Rey River), in 2017. Surveys were conducted from April 13 to July 11 (LBVI) and from May 16 to July 28 (SWFL). We found 146 LBVI territories, at least 107 of which were occupied by pairs. Five additional transient LBVIs were detected. LBVIs used five different habitat types in the survey area: mixed willow, willow-cottonwood, willow-sycamore, riparian scrub, and upland scrub. Forty-four percent of the LBVIs occurred in habitat characterized as mixed willow and 89 percent of the LBVI territories occurred in areas with greater than 50 percent native plant cover. Of 16 banded LBVIs detected in the survey area, 8 had been given full color-band combinations prior to 2017. Four other LBVIs with single (natal) federal bands were recaptured and banded in 2017. Three LBVIs with single dark blue federal bands indicating that they were banded as nestlings on the lower San Luis Rey River and one LBVI with a single gold federal band indicating that it was banded as a nestling on Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton (MCBCP) could not be recaptured for identification. One banded LBVI emigrated from the middle San Luis Rey River to the lower San Luis Rey River in 2017.
One resident SWFL territory and one transient Willow Flycatcher of unknown subspecies (WIFL) were observed in the survey area in 2017. The resident SWFL territory, which was comprised of mixed willow habitat (5–50 percent native plant cover), was occupied by a single male from May 22 to June 21, 2017. No evidence of pairing or nesting activity was observed. The SWFL male was banded with a full color-combination indicating that he was originally banded as a nestling on the middle San Luis Rey River in 2014 and successfully bred in the survey area in 2016. The male SWFL left the middle San Luis Rey River after June 21, 2017 and subsequently was detected on the San Dieguito River on June 26, 2017, by USGS biologists. The transient WIFL was detected on May 30, 2017, in mixed willow habitat comprised of 50–95 percent of native plant cover.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1082","usgsCitation":"Allen, L.D., Howell, S.L., and Kus, B.E., 2018, Distribution and abundance of Least Bell’s Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus) and Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus) on the Middle San Luis Rey River, San Diego County, southern California—2017 data summary: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1082, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1082.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-094720","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353635,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1082/ds1082.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 1082"},{"id":353634,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1082/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Diego County","otherGeospatial":"Middle San Luis Rey River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.30016708374022,\n 33.24859375258743\n ],\n [\n -117.15854644775389,\n 33.24859375258743\n ],\n [\n -117.15854644775389,\n 33.32421729380816\n ],\n [\n -117.30016708374022,\n 33.32421729380816\n ],\n [\n -117.30016708374022,\n 33.24859375258743\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
The largest populations of federally endangered Lost River (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris) exist in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and Clear Lake Reservoir, California. Upper Klamath Lake populations are decreasing because adult mortality, which is relatively low, is not being balanced by recruitment of young adult suckers into known spawning aggregations. Most Upper Klamath Lake juvenile sucker mortality appears to occur within the first year of life. Annual production of juvenile suckers in Clear Lake Reservoir appears to be highly variable and may not occur at all in very dry years. However, juvenile sucker survival is much higher in Clear Lake, with non-trivial numbers of suckers surviving to join spawning aggregations. Long-term monitoring of juvenile sucker populations is needed to (1) determine if there are annual and species-specific differences in production, survival, and growth, (2) to identify the season (summer or winter) in which most mortality occurs, and (3) to help identify potential causes of high juvenile sucker mortality, particularly in Upper Klamath Lake.
We initiated an annual juvenile sucker monitoring program in 2015 to track cohorts in 3 months (June, August, and September) annually in Upper Klamath Lake and Clear Lake Reservoir. We tracked annual variability in age-0 sucker apparent production, juvenile sucker apparent survival, and apparent growth. Using genetic markers, we were able to classify suckers as one of three taxa: shortnose or Klamath largescale suckers, Lost River, or suckers with genetic markers of both species (Intermediate Prob[LRS]). Using catch data, we generated taxa-specific indices of year class strength, August–September apparent survival, and overwinter apparent survival. We also examined prevalence and severity of afflictions such as parasites, wounds, and deformities.
Indices of year class strength in Upper Klamath Lake were similar for shortnose suckers in 2015 and 2016, but about twice as high for Lost River suckers and suckers having intermediate Prob[LRS] in 2016 than in 2015. Indices of apparent August–September survival were lower in 2016 (0.41) than in 2015 (1.07) for shortnose suckers and suckers identified as having intermediate Prob [LRS] (0.14 in 2016 and 1.69 in 2015). Indices of apparent August—September survival were similar in 2016 (0.16) and 2015 (0.07) for Lost River suckers. Indices of apparent survival were lower for age-0 Lost River suckers than age-0 shortnose suckers in both years. Although samples sizes are small, a declining trend in the ratio of Lost River to shortnose suckers from 28/23 (1.22) as age-0 fish in September of 2015 to 1/9 (0.11) as age-1 fish in June of 2016 is consistent with higher over winter apparent mortality for Lost River suckers than shortnose suckers in Upper Klamath Lake.
Shortnose sucker year class strength was greater in years with high Willow Creek inflows and Clear Lake surface elevation during the spawning season, indicating that access to spawning habitat was an important contributing factor. In previous sampling, age-0 sucker catch per unit effort (CPUE) was relatively high in 2011 and 2012, moderately high in 2013, and zero in 2014 and 2015. The 2011 and 2012 year classes continued to be detected, but the 2013 year class went undetected for the first time in 2016. The 2014 year class continued to be undetected in 2016. Three suckers with one annulus each on fin rays were captured in Clear Lake in 2016. Although these fish are potential representatives of the 2015 year class, they were small for their age, indicating they may have hatched in 2016. Age-0 shortnose and Lost River suckers were captured in Clear Lake in 2016, indicating new cohorts of both taxa were produced. Moderate to abundant year classes were produced in 2011, 2012, and 2016 when lake surface elevation greater than 1,378.9 m (4,524 ft) during the February–June spawning season. Also in 2011 and 2016, rapid increases in lake-surface elevation indicated potentially high Willow Creek inflows. A somewhat less abundant year class produced in 2012 than in 2011 and 2016 was associated with lower spawning season inflows. The apparently smaller 2013 year class was formed when Willow Creek inflows were apparently low and lake surface never exceeded 1,379.2 m (4,524.9 ft). In 2014 and 2015, when year-classes were small or not detected, the Clear Lake surface elevations were at or below 1,378.2 m (4,522 ft), and there was very little spring time Willow Creek inflow.
Age-0 shortnose sucker CPUE in Clear Lake was correlated with seasonal decreases in water volumes in 2016 and could not be used to create indices of August–September survival. Age-0 shortnose sucker catch rates in Clear Lake Reservoir were about seven times less in August than in September. Meanwhile, the water volume in Clear Lake Reservoir declined by about 36 percent between these two sampling periods. Higher September catch rates may have resulted from additional age-0 suckers entering the lake from the river, a concentrating effect of declining water volumes, or both.
Differences in August standard length, apparent growth rates, and the prevalence of abnormalities were consistent with healthier age-0 suckers in Clear Lake Reservoir than in Upper Klamath Lake. Age-0 suckers were larger in August in Clear Lake Reservoir than in Upper Klamath Lake, which may be due to an earlier hatch date, faster growth, or both in Clear Lake Reservoir. Sample sizes were only large enough to compare growth rates of age-0 shortnose suckers from Upper Klamath Lake in 2015 to Clear Lake Reservoir in 2016. Age-0 shortnose suckers grew more between August and September in Clear Lake Reservoir in 2016 than in Upper Klamath Lake in 2015. Petechial hemorrhages of the skin on age-0 suckers were more prevalent in Upper Klamath Lake than in Clear Lake Reservoir in 2016. Deformed opercula, black-spot forming parasites, and infections presumed to be Columnaris sp. were observed on less than 12 percent of suckers from Upper Klamath Lake but were not observed on suckers from Clear Lake Reservoir in 2016.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181066","usgsCitation":"Burdick, S.M., Ostberg, C.O., and Hoy, M.S., 2018, Juvenile Lost River and shortnose sucker year class strength, survival, and growth in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and Clear Lake Reservoir, California—2016 Monitoring Report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1066, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181066.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-094193","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353625,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1066/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":353626,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1066/ofr20181066.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1066"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","county":"Klamath County, Modoc County","otherGeospatial":"Clear Lake Reservoir, Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.11509704589845,\n 42.222924262739824\n ],\n [\n -121.75186157226561,\n 42.222924262739824\n ],\n [\n -121.75186157226561,\n 42.61829672418602\n ],\n [\n -122.11509704589845,\n 42.61829672418602\n ],\n [\n -122.11509704589845,\n 42.222924262739824\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.23687744140624,\n 41.781552998900345\n ],\n [\n -121.04736328125,\n 41.781552998900345\n ],\n [\n -121.04736328125,\n 41.94365947797709\n ],\n [\n -121.23687744140624,\n 41.94365947797709\n ],\n [\n -121.23687744140624,\n 41.781552998900345\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115
Constraining coral reef metabolism and carbon chemistry dynamics are fundamental for understanding and predicting reef vulnerability to rising coastal CO2 concentrations and decreasing seawater pH. However, few studies exist along reefs occupying densely inhabited shorelines with known input from land-based sources of pollution. The shallow coral reefs off Kahekili, West Maui, are exposed to nutrient-enriched, low-pH submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and are particularly vulnerable to the compounding stressors from land-based sources of pollution and lower seawater pH. To constrain the carbonate chemistry system, nutrients and carbonate chemistry were measured along the Kahekili reef flat every 4 h over a 6-d sampling period in March 2016. Abiotic process – primarily SGD fluxes – controlled the carbonate chemistry adjacent to the primary SGD vent site, with nutrient-laden freshwater decreasing pH levels and favoring undersaturated aragonite saturation (Ωarag) conditions. In contrast, diurnal variability in the carbonate chemistry at other sites along the reef flat was driven by reef community metabolism. Superimposed on the diurnal signal was a transition during the second sampling period to a surplus of total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) compared to ocean end-member TA and DIC measurements. A shift from net community production and calcification to net respiration and carbonate dissolution was identified. This transition occurred during a period of increased SGD-driven nutrient loading, lower wave height, and reduced current speeds. This detailed study of carbon chemistry dynamics highlights the need to incorporate local effects of nearshore oceanographic processes into predictions of coral reef vulnerability and resilience.
","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","doi":"10.5194/bg-2018-35","usgsCitation":"Prouty, N.G., Yates, K.K., Smiley, N., Gallagher, C., Cheriton, O., and Storlazzi, C.D., 2018, Carbonate system parameters of an algal-dominated reef along west Maui: Biogeosciences, v. 15, p. 2467-2480, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-35.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2467","endPage":"2480","ipdsId":"IP-088330","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-35","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353620,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Maui","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.6889,\n 20.9361\n ],\n [\n -156.6944,\n 20.9361\n ],\n [\n -156.6944,\n 20.9431\n ],\n [\n -156.6889,\n 20.9431\n ],\n [\n -156.6889,\n 20.9361\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6d8e4b0da30c1bfbe84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prouty, Nancy G. 0000-0002-8922-0688 nprouty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8922-0688","contributorId":3350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prouty","given":"Nancy","email":"nprouty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yates, Kimberly K. 0000-0001-8764-0358 kyates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8764-0358","contributorId":420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"Kimberly","email":"kyates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smiley, Nathan A. 0000-0002-5190-6860 nsmiley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5190-6860","contributorId":3907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smiley","given":"Nathan A.","email":"nsmiley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gallagher, Christopher","contributorId":204364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gallagher","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6948,"text":"UC Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cheriton, Olivia 0000-0003-3011-9136 ocheriton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3011-9136","contributorId":149003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheriton","given":"Olivia","email":"ocheriton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":140584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70196090,"text":"fs20183018 - 2018 - Assessment of undiscovered continuous gas resources in Upper Devonian Shales of the Appalachian Basin Province, 2017","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-13T10:35:23","indexId":"fs20183018","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-19T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-3018","title":"Assessment of undiscovered continuous gas resources in Upper Devonian Shales of the Appalachian Basin Province, 2017","docAbstract":"Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated mean undiscovered, technically recoverable continuous resources of 10.7 trillion cubic feet of natural gas in Upper Devonian shales of the Appalachian Basin Province.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20183018","usgsCitation":"Enomoto, C.B., Trippi, M.H., Higley, D.K., Rouse, W.A., Dulong, F.T., Klett, T.R., Mercier, T.J., Brownfield, M.E., Leathers-Miller, H.M., Finn, T.M., Marra, K.R., Le, P.A., Woodall, C.A., and Schenk, C.J., 2018, Assessment of undiscovered continuous gas resources in Upper Devonian Shales of the Appalachian Basin Province, 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2018–3018, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183018.\n","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-091695","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437943,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Z1E62L","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project-Appalachian Basin Province, Upper Devonian Shales Assessment Unit Boundaries and Assessment Input Forms"},{"id":353542,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3018/fs20183018.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.69 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2018-3018"},{"id":360239,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Z1E62L","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project-Appalachian Basin Province, Upper Devonian Shales Assessment Unit Boundaries and Assessment Input Forms"},{"id":353541,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3018/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":353543,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20163085","text":"Fact Sheet 2016–3085:","linkHelpText":"Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Mississippian Sunbury Shale and Devonian–Mississippian Chattanooga Shale in the Appalachian Basin Province, 2016"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Basin Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -86,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -86,\n 36\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Eastern Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS-954
Reston, VA 20192
The year 2017 was a year of review and renewal for the Department of the Interior (DOI) Climate Science Centers (CSCs) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC). The Southeast, Northwest, Alaska, Southwest, and North Central CSCs’ 5-year summary review reports were released in 2017 and contain the findings of the external review teams led by the Cornell University Human Dimensions Research Unit in conjunction with the American Fisheries Society. The reports for the Pacific Islands, South Central, and Northeast CSCs are planned for release in 2018. The reviews provide an opportunity to evaluate aspects of the cooperative agreement, such as the effectiveness of the CSC in meeting project goals and assessment of the level of scientific contribution and achievement. These reviews serve as a way for the CSCs and NCCWSC to look for ways to recognize and enhance our network’s strengths and identify areas for improvement. The reviews were followed by the CSC recompetition, which led to new hosting agreements at the Northwest, Alaska, and Southeast CSCs. Learn more about the excellent science and activities conducted by the network centers in the 2017 annual report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181049","usgsCitation":"Varela Minder, Elda, 2018, U.S. Department of the Interior Climate Science Centers and U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center—Annual report for 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1049, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181049.","productDescription":"14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-093217","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353570,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1049/ofr20181049.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.30 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1049"},{"id":353569,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1049/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC)
U.S. Geological Survey
Mail Stop 516
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
The first U.S. Department of the Interior Economics Workshop was held April 5–7, 2017 in Washington, D.C., to identify, highlight, and better understand needs and opportunities for economic analysis to support the Department of the Interior’s mission. The Economics Workshop, jointly convened by the Department of the Interior Office of Policy Analysis and the U.S. Geological Survey Science and Decisions Center, provided an opportunity for Department of the Interior’s economists to share expertise and experiences and to build collaboration and communication channels across the Department of the Interior.
Natural and cultural resource managers face complex questions and often have to balance competing stakeholder interests. Per the mission statement, the Department of the Interior “protects and manages the Nation’s natural resources and cultural heritage; provides scientific and other information about those resources; and honors its trust responsibilities or special commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affiliated island communities.” Economic analysis is relevant to issues integral to nearly all the land and water management decisions made by the Department of the Interior. More than 80 Department of the Interior economists gathered at the Economics Workshop to share their work, discuss common challenges, and identify approaches to advance the use and contribution of economics at the Department of the Interior.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181054","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Office of Policy Analysis, U.S. Department of the Interior","usgsCitation":"Pindilli, E.J., Crowley, C.S.L., Cline, S.A., Good, A.J., Shapiro, C.D., and Simon, B.M., 2018, Supporting natural resource management—The role of economics at the Department of the Interior—A workshop report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1054, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181054.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-093562","costCenters":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353564,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1054/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":353565,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1054/ofr20181054.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1054"}],"contact":"Director, Science and Decisions Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Preserving remaining nonhybridized populations Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii is a conservation priority often requiring management action. Although proactive programs for Rainbow Trout O. mykiss and hybrid suppression offer a flexible tool, particularly in large interconnected river basins, this management approach is used less frequently than alternatives such as barriers and piscicides. We describe the results of a targeted Rainbow Trout hybrid suppression program spanning 15 years in the upper Snake River, Wyoming, a core stronghold for Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii bouvieri. Initially, Rainbow Trout hybrids were relatively common in the Gros Ventre River, a major tributary to the Snake River. Between 2002 and 2016, 926 individuals of Rainbow Trout ancestry were removed from the Gros Ventre River. Relative abundance of Rainbow Trout hybrids decreased over this time, while the Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout population increased. Temporal genetic data collected in 2007–2008 and again in 2014 demonstrate that the overall proportion Rainbow Trout admixture and the proportion of hybrids in a sample both significantly decreased in the Gros Ventre River and did not increase elsewhere in the Snake River basin. In conclusion, proactive Rainbow Trout suppression appears to have reduced the threat of Rainbow Trout hybridization in this river basin and helped protect an interconnected metapopulation that has a highly diverse life history and genetic variation important for long-term persistence.
Urban and exurban expansion results in habitat and biodiversity loss globally. We hypothesize that a coupled-model approach could connect urban planning for future cities with landscape ecology to consider wildland habitat connectivity. Our work combines urban growth simulations with models of wildlife corridors to examine how species will be impacted by development to test this hypothesis. We leverage a land use change model (SLEUTH) with structural and functional landscape-connectivity modeling techniques to ascertain the spatial extent and locations of connectivity related threats to a national park in southern Arizona, USA, and describe how protected areas might be impacted by urban expansion. Results of projected growth significantly altered structural connectivity (80%) when compared to current (baseline) corridor conditions. Moreover, projected growth impacted functional connectivity differently amongst species, indicating resilience of some species and near-complete displacement of others. We propose that implementing a geospatial-design-based model will allow for a better understanding of the impacts management decisions have on wildlife populations. The application provides the potential to understand both human and environmental impacts of land-system dynamics, critical for long-term sustainability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/1747423X.2018.1455905","usgsCitation":"Perkl, R., Norman, L., Mitchell, D., Feller, M.R., Smith, G., and Wilson, N., 2018, Urban growth and landscape connectivity threats assessment at Saguaro National Park, Arizona, USA: Journal of Land Use Science, v. 13, no. 1-2, p. 102-117, https://doi.org/10.1080/1747423X.2018.1455905.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"102","endPage":"117","ipdsId":"IP-072269","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353598,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Saguaro National Park","volume":"13","issue":"1-2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6d9e4b0da30c1bfbe90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perkl, Ryan","contributorId":204345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perkl","given":"Ryan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norman, Laura M. 0000-0002-3696-8406","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":203300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mitchell, David","contributorId":66956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Feller, Mark R. mrfeller@usgs.gov","contributorId":3904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feller","given":"Mark","email":"mrfeller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Garrett","contributorId":204347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Garrett","affiliations":[{"id":36922,"text":"Univ. Ariz.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilson, Natalie R. 0000-0001-5145-1221","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5145-1221","contributorId":202534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Natalie R.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70196591,"text":"70196591 - 2018 - Surveys of environmental DNA (eDNA): a new approach to estimate occurrence in Vulnerable manatee populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-19T12:28:41","indexId":"70196591","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1497,"text":"Endangered Species Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surveys of environmental DNA (eDNA): a new approach to estimate occurrence in Vulnerable manatee populations","docAbstract":"Environmental DNA (eDNA) detection is a technique used to non-invasively detect cryptic, low density, or logistically difficult-to-study species, such as imperiled manatees. For eDNA measurement, genetic material shed into the environment is concentrated from water samples and analyzed for the presence of target species. Cytochrome bquantitative PCR and droplet digital PCR eDNA assays were developed for the 3 Vulnerable manatee species: African, Amazonian, and both subspecies of the West Indian (Florida and Antillean) manatee. Environmental DNA assays can help to delineate manatee habitat ranges, high use areas, and seasonal population changes. To validate the assay, water was analyzed from Florida’s east coast containing a high-density manatee population and produced 31564 DNA molecules l-1on average and high occurrence (ψ) and detection (p) estimates (ψ = 0.84 [0.40-0.99]; p = 0.99 [0.95-1.00]; limit of detection 3 copies µl-1). Similar occupancy estimates were produced in the Florida Panhandle (ψ = 0.79 [0.54-0.97]) and Cuba (ψ = 0.89 [0.54-1.00]), while occupancy estimates in Cameroon were lower (ψ = 0.49 [0.09-0.95]). The eDNA-derived detection estimates were higher than those generated using aerial survey data on the west coast of Florida and may be effective for population monitoring. Subsequent eDNA studies could be particularly useful in locations where manatees are (1) difficult to identify visually (e.g. the Amazon River and Africa), (2) are present in patchy distributions or are on the verge of extinction (e.g. Jamaica, Haiti), and (3) where repatriation efforts are proposed (e.g. Brazil, Guadeloupe). Extension of these eDNA techniques could be applied to other imperiled marine mammal populations such as African and Asian dugongs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/esr00880","usgsCitation":"Hunter, M., Meigs-Friend, G., Ferrante, J.A., Takoukam Kamla, A., Dorazio, R., Keith Diagne, L., Luna, F., Lanyon, J.M., and Reid, J.P., 2018, Surveys of environmental DNA (eDNA): a new approach to estimate occurrence in Vulnerable manatee populations: Endangered Species Research, v. 35, p. 101-111, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00880.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"111","ipdsId":"IP-087696","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00880","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353606,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6d9e4b0da30c1bfbe8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, Margaret 0000-0002-4760-9302 mhunter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-9302","contributorId":140627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Margaret","email":"mhunter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meigs-Friend, Gaia 0000-0001-5181-7510 gmeigs-friend@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5181-7510","contributorId":4688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meigs-Friend","given":"Gaia","email":"gmeigs-friend@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrante, Jason A. 0000-0003-3453-4636 jferrante@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3453-4636","contributorId":201638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrante","given":"Jason","email":"jferrante@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Takoukam Kamla, Aristide","contributorId":204221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takoukam Kamla","given":"Aristide","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dorazio, Robert 0000-0003-2663-0468 bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":172151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Robert","email":"bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keith Diagne, Lucy","contributorId":204222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keith Diagne","given":"Lucy","affiliations":[{"id":36882,"text":"African Aquatic Conservation Fund","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Luna, Fabia","contributorId":204223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luna","given":"Fabia","affiliations":[{"id":36883,"text":"The National Center for Research and Conservation of Aquatic Mammals","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lanyon, Janet M.","contributorId":204224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lanyon","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13335,"text":"The University of Queensland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Reid, James P. 0000-0002-8497-1132 jreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-1132","contributorId":3460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"James","email":"jreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70196575,"text":"70196575 - 2018 - Opportunistically collected data reveal habitat selection by migrating Whooping Cranes in the U.S. Northern Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-19T09:26:58","indexId":"70196575","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Opportunistically collected data reveal habitat selection by migrating Whooping Cranes in the U.S. Northern Plains","docAbstract":"The Whooping Crane (Grus americana) is a federally endangered species in the United States and Canada that relies on wetland, grassland, and cropland habitat during its long migration between wintering grounds in coastal Texas, USA, and breeding sites in Alberta and Northwest Territories, Canada. We combined opportunistic Whooping Crane sightings with landscape data to identify correlates of Whooping Crane occurrence along the migration corridor in North Dakota and South Dakota, USA. Whooping Cranes selected landscapes characterized by diverse wetland communities and upland foraging opportunities. Model performance substantially improved when variables related to detection were included, emphasizing the importance of accounting for biases associated with detection and reporting of birds in opportunistic datasets. We created a predictive map showing relative probability of occurrence across the study region by applying our model to GIS data layers; validation using independent, unbiased locations from birds equipped with platform transmitting terminals indicated that our final model adequately predicted habitat use by migrant Whooping Cranes. The probability map demonstrated that existing conservation efforts have protected much top-tier Whooping Crane habitat, especially in the portions of North Dakota and South Dakota that lie east of the Missouri River. Our results can support species recovery by informing prioritization for acquisition and restoration of landscapes that provide safe roosting and foraging habitats. Our results can also guide the siting of structures such as wind towers and electrical transmission and distribution lines, which pose a strike and mortality risk to migrating Whooping Cranes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-17-80.1","usgsCitation":"Niemuth, N.D., Ryba, A.J., Pearse, A.T., Kvas, S.M., Brandt, D.A., Wangler, B., Austin, J.E., and Carlisle, M.J., 2018, Opportunistically collected data reveal habitat selection by migrating Whooping Cranes in the U.S. Northern Plains: The Condor, v. 120, no. 2, p. 343-356, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-17-80.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"356","ipdsId":"IP-076151","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-17-80.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353596,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota, South Dakota","volume":"120","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6d9e4b0da30c1bfbe92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niemuth, Neal D. 0009-0006-9637-5588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9637-5588","contributorId":204334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niemuth","given":"Neal","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":36919,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Habitat and Population Evaluation Team","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryba, Adam J.","contributorId":204335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryba","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36919,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Habitat and Population Evaluation Team","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearse, Aaron T. 0000-0002-6137-1556 apearse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6137-1556","contributorId":1772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Aaron","email":"apearse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kvas, Susan M.","contributorId":204336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kvas","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36919,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Habitat and Population Evaluation Team","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brandt, David A. 0000-0001-9786-307X dbrandt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9786-307X","contributorId":149929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"David","email":"dbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wangler, Brian","contributorId":204337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wangler","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36919,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Habitat and Population Evaluation Team","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Austin, Jane E. 0000-0001-8775-2210 jaustin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8775-2210","contributorId":146411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Jane","email":"jaustin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Carlisle, Martha J.","contributorId":204338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36920,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Ecological Serv, NE field office","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70195765,"text":"tm3A25 - 2018 - Monitoring stream temperatures—A guide for non-specialists","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-01T14:53:13","indexId":"tm3A25","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3-A25","title":"Monitoring stream temperatures—A guide for non-specialists","docAbstract":"Water temperature influences most physical and biological processes in streams, and along with streamflows is a major driver of ecosystem processes. Collecting data to measure water temperature is therefore imperative, and relatively straightforward. Several protocols exist for collecting stream temperature data, but these are frequently directed towards specialists. This document was developed to address the need for a protocol intended for non-specialists (non-aquatic) staff. It provides specific step-by-step procedures on (1) how to launch data loggers, (2) check the factory calibration of data loggers prior to field use, (3) how to install data loggers in streams for year-round monitoring, (4) how to download and retrieve data loggers from the field, and (5) how to input project data into organizational databases.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: Surface-water techniques in Book 3: Applications of hydraulics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm3A25","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Heck, M.P., Schultz, L.D., Hockman-Wert, D., Dinger, E.C., and Dunham, J.B., 2018, Monitoring stream temperatures—A guide for non-specialists: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 3, chap. A25, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm3A25.","productDescription":"iv, 76 p.","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-090007","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353592,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/03/a25/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":353593,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/03/a25/tm3a25.pdf","text":"Report","size":"45 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 3A25"}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter 25 of Section A: Surface-water techniques in Book 3: Applications of hydraulics.","contact":"Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
777 NW 9th St., Suite 400
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Coastal communities are increasingly concerned about the dynamic balance between freshwater and saltwater because of its implications for societal, economic, and ecological resources. While the mixing of freshwater and saltwater sources defines coastal estuaries and lagoons, sudden changes in this balance can have a large effect on critical ecosystems and infrastructure. Any change to the delivery of water from either source has the potential to affect the health of both humans and natural biota and also to damage coastal infrastructure. This fact sheet discusses the potential of major shifts in the dynamic freshwater-saltwater balance to alter the environment and coastal stability.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20183022","usgsCitation":"Conrads, P.A., Rodgers, K.D., Passeri, D.L., Prinos, S.T., Smith, C., Swarzenski, C.M., and Middleton, B.A., 2018, Coastal estuaries and lagoons: The delicate balance at the edge of the sea: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2018–3022, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183022. ","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-094263","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353584,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3022/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":353585,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3022/fs20183022.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2018–3022"}],"contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern
Columbia, SC 29210
We have conducted a gravity survey of the Coso geothermal field to continue the time-lapse gravity study of the area initiated in 1991. In this report, we outline a method of processing the gravity data that minimizes the random errors and instrument bias introduced into the data by the Scintrex CG-5 relative gravimeters that were used. After processing, the standard deviation of the data was estimated to be ±13 microGals. These data reveal that the negative gravity anomaly over the Coso geothermal field, centered on gravity station CER1, is continuing to increase in magnitude over time. Preliminary modeling indicates that water-table drawdown at the location of CER1 is between 65 and 326 meters over the last two decades. We note, however, that several assumptions on which the model results depend, such as constant elevation and free-water level over the study period, still require verification.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181053","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Navy Geothermal Program Office","usgsCitation":"Phelps, G., Cronkite-Ratcliff, C., and Blake, K., 2018, A time-lapse gravity survey of the Coso geothermal field, China Lake Naval Air Weapons Station, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1053, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181053.","productDescription":"Report: v, 25 p.; Table","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-082096","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353589,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1053/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":353590,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1053/ofr20181053.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1053"},{"id":353607,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1053/ofr20181053_table1.xlsx","text":"Table 1","size":"22 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2018-1053"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coso Geothermal Field, China Lake Naval Air Weapons Station","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118,\n 35.88682489453265\n ],\n [\n -117.625,\n 35.88682489453265\n ],\n [\n -117.625,\n 36.25\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 36.25\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 35.88682489453265\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"A study of uranium in groundwater in northeastern Washington was conducted to make a preliminary assessment of naturally occurring uranium in groundwater relying on existing information and limited reconnaissance sampling. Naturally occurring uranium is associated with granitic and metasedimentary rocks, as well as younger sedimentary deposits, that occur in this region. The occurrence and distribution of uranium in groundwater is poorly understood. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates uranium in Group A community water systems at a maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 30 μg/L in order to reduce uranium exposure, protect from toxic kidney effects of uranium, and reduce the risk of cancer. However, most existing private wells in the study area, generally for single family use, have not been sampled for uranium. This document presents available uranium concentration data from throughout a multi-county region, identifies data gaps, and suggests further study aimed at understanding the occurrence of uranium in groundwater.
The study encompasses about 13,000 square miles (mi2) in the northeastern part of Washington with a 2010 population of about 563,000. Other than the City of Spokane, most of the study area is rural with small towns interspersed throughout the region. The study area also includes three Indian Reservations with small towns and scattered population. The area has a history of uranium exploration and mining, with two inactive uranium mines on the Spokane Indian Reservation and one smaller inactive mine on the outskirts of Spokane. Historical (1977–2016) uranium in groundwater concentration data were used to describe and illustrate the general occurrence and distribution of uranium in groundwater, as well as to identify data deficiencies. Uranium concentrations were detected at greater than 1 microgram per liter (μg/L) in 60 percent of the 2,382 historical samples (from wells and springs). Uranium concentrations ranged from less than 1 to 88,600 μg/L, and the median concentration of uranium in groundwater for all sites was 1.4 μg/L.
New (2017) uranium in groundwater concentration data were obtained by sampling 13 private domestic wells for uranium in areas without recent (2000s) water-quality data. Uranium was detected in all 13 wells sampled for this study; concentrations ranged from 1.03 to 1,180 μg/L with a median of 22 μg/L. Uranium concentrations of groundwater samples from 6 of the 13 wells exceeded the MCL for uranium. Uranium concentrations in water samples from two wells were 1,130 and 1,180 μg/L, respectively; nearly 40 times the MCL.
Additional data collection and analysis are needed in rural areas where self-supplied groundwater withdrawals are the primary source of water for human consumption. Of the roughly 43,000 existing water wells in the study area, only 1,755 wells, as summarized in this document, have available uranium concentration data, and some of those data are decades old. Furthermore, analysis of area groundwater quality would benefit from a more extensive chemical-analysis suite including general chemistry in order to better understand local geochemical conditions that largely govern the mobility of uranium. Although the focus of the present study is uranium, it also is important to recognize that there are other radionuclides of concern that may be present in area groundwater.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3401","usgsCitation":"Kahle, S.C., Welch, W.B., Tecca, A.E., and Eliason, D.M., 2018, Uranium concentrations in groundwater, northeastern Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3401, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3401.","productDescription":"Map: 44.0 x 34.0 inches; Table; 3 Figures","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-091739","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353579,"rank":5,"type":{"id":13,"text":"Illustration"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3401/sim3401_figure05.pdf","text":"Figure 5","size":"4.5 MB layered","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3401 Figure 5","linkHelpText":"Locations of wells with associated uranium concentrations showing generalized geologic material of open interval, Ferry, Pend Oreille, and Stevens Counties, Washington. Wells with groundwater samples with uranium concentrations greater than or equal to 30 micrograms per liter are labeled."},{"id":353574,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3401/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":353575,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3401/sim3401.pdf","text":"Map","size":"13.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3401"},{"id":353577,"rank":3,"type":{"id":13,"text":"Illustration"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3401/sim3401_figure03.pdf","text":"Figure 3","size":"8.3 MB layered","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3401 Figure 3","linkHelpText":"Geology, locations of uranium assay sites or mines, and locations of wells and springs with historical uranium concentrations in groundwater of greater than or equal to 10 micrograms per liter (μg/L), northeastern Washington, 1977–2016."},{"id":353581,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3401/sim3401_table01.xlsx","text":"Table 1","size":"210 KB xlsx","description":"SIM 3401 Table 1"},{"id":353578,"rank":4,"type":{"id":13,"text":"Illustration"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3401/sim3401_figure04.pdf","text":"Figure 4","size":"6.1 MB layered","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3401 Figure 4","linkHelpText":"Magnitude and distribution of historical uranium concentrations in groundwater samples, northeastern Washington, 1977–2016."}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 47.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
A dramatic seismicity rate increase in the central and eastern United States (CEUS) over the past decade has been largely associated with the increase in enhanced oil and gas recovery operations and change in industry practices. However, certain areas of the CEUS that have experienced large increases in oil and gas operations, such as the Bakken and Marcellus Shale plays (Williston and Appalachian Basins, respectively), have very little (if any) induced seismicity. No prior study has adequately explained the occurrence or absence of induced seismicity on a regional, basin-to-basin scale in the CEUS. In this study, we improve the basement depth characterization and induced seismicity detection for the Appalachian, Illinois, and Williston Basins to determine whether the proximity of wastewater disposal and/or hydraulic fracturing to the crystalline basement increases the likelihood of induced seismicity. We also investigate the lithologic characteristics of sedimentary strata situated between injection intervals and the crystalline basement to evaluate the role they may play in diminishing the transmission of pore pressure during well stimulations. We find that wastewater disposal in basal sediments or hydraulic fracturing operations <1 km from the Precambrian basement raise the likelihood of induced seismicity, an observation that is consistent with the apparent absence of induced seismicity related to production from the Bakken and Marcellus Shale plays.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01542.1","usgsCitation":"Skoumal, R.J., Brudzinski, M.R., and Currie, B.S., 2018, Proximity of Precambrian basement affects the likelihood of induced seismicity in the Appalachian, Illinois, and Williston Basins, central and eastern United States: Geosphere, v. 14, no. 3, p. 1365-1379, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01542.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1365","endPage":"1379","ipdsId":"IP-084031","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01542.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Basin, Illinois Basin, Williston Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109,\n 45.5\n ],\n [\n -100,\n 45.5\n ],\n [\n -100,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 45.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -92,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -92,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc03002e4b0fc368eb539c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skoumal, Robert J. 0000-0002-5627-6239 rskoumal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5627-6239","contributorId":191213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skoumal","given":"Robert","email":"rskoumal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brudzinski, Michael R. 0000-0003-1869-0700","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1869-0700","contributorId":207880,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brudzinski","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16608,"text":"Miami University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Currie, Brian S.","contributorId":207881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Currie","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":16608,"text":"Miami University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198740,"text":"70198740 - 2018 - Does what go up also come down? Using a recruitment model to balance alewife nutrient import and export","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-24T12:13:56","indexId":"70198740","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-17T08:18:16","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2680,"text":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does what go up also come down? Using a recruitment model to balance alewife nutrient import and export","docAbstract":"Migrating adult Alewives Alosa pseudoharengus are a source of marine-derived nutrients on the East Coast of North America, importing nitrogen and phosphorus into freshwater habitats. Juvenile migrants subsequently transport freshwater-derived nutrients into the ocean. We developed a deterministic model to explore the theoretical nutrient dynamics of Alewife migrations at differing spawner abundances. Net nutrient balance was calculated relative to these abundances along the spawner–recruit curve. The ecological consequences of these subsidies in a particular watershed depend on the magnitude of adult escapement relative to the habitat’s carrying capacity for juveniles. At low escapement levels and assuming complete habitat access, the number of recruits produced per spawner was high and juvenile nutrient export dominated. At high escapement levels, fewer recruits were produced per spawner because recruitment is density dependent. As a result, adult nutrient import dominated. At varying levels of freshwater productivity and fisheries mortality for upstream spawners, this trend remained the same while the magnitude of the endpoints changed. Productivity level was the major determinant of export, while fisheries mortality had the strongest effect on adult import. The dynamics of this nutrient trade-off are important for managers to consider as a recovering population will likely shift from net export to net import as escapement increases. This transition will be sensitive to both harvest rates and to fish passage efficacy at dams and other barriers.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/mcf2.10021","usgsCitation":"Barber, B.L., Gibson, A.J., O’Malley, A., and Zydlewski, J.D., 2018, Does what go up also come down? Using a recruitment model to balance alewife nutrient import and export: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, v. 10, no. 2, p. 236-254, https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10021.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"236","endPage":"254","ipdsId":"IP-088585","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356605,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a2d9e4b0702d0e842ff9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, Betsy L.","contributorId":207173,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barber","given":"Betsy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibson, A. Jamie","contributorId":207172,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibson","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jamie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Malley, Andrew","contributorId":169716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Malley","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":742809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70196561,"text":"70196561 - 2018 - Cyclic heliothermal behaviour of the shallow, hypersaline Lake Hayward, Western Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-17T10:34:23","indexId":"70196561","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cyclic heliothermal behaviour of the shallow, hypersaline Lake Hayward, Western Australia","docAbstract":"Lake Hayward is one of only about 30 hypersaline lakes worldwide that is meromictic and heliothermal and as such behaves as a natural salt gradient solar pond. Lake Hayward acts as a local groundwater sink, resulting in seasonally variable hypersaline lake water with total dissolved solids (TDS) in the upper layer (mixolimnion) ranging between 56 kg m−3 and 207 kg m−3 and the deeper layer (monimolimnion) from 153 kg m−3 to 211 kg m−3. This is up to six times the salinity of seawater and thus has the highest salinity of all eleven lakes in the Yalgorup National Park lake system. A program of continuously recorded water temperature profiles has shown that salinity stratification initiated by direct rainfall onto the lake’s surface and local runoff into the lake results in the onset of heliothermal conditions within hours of rainfall onset.
The lake alternates between being fully mixed and becoming thermally and chemically stratified several times during the annual cycle, with the longest extended periods of heliothermal behaviour lasting 23 and 22 weeks in the winters of 1992 and 1993 respectively. The objective was to quantify the heat budgets of the cyclical heliothermal behaviour of Lake Hayward.
During the period of temperature profile logging, the maximum recorded temperature of the monimolimnion was 42.6 °C at which time the temperature of the mixolimnion was 29.4 °C.
The heat budget of two closed heliothermal cycles initiated by two rainfall events of 50 mm and 52 mm in 1993 were analysed. The cycles prevailed for 11 and 20 days respectively and the heat budget showed net heat accumulations of 34.2 MJ m−3 and 15.4 MJ m−3, respectively. The corresponding efficiencies of lake heat gain to incident solar energy were 0.17 and 0.18 respectively. Typically, artificial salinity gradient solar ponds (SGSP) have a solar radiation capture efficiencies ranging from 0.10 up to 0.30. Results from Lake Hayward have implications for comparative biogeochemistry and its characteristics should aid in identification of other hitherto unknown heliothermal lakes.
The HayWired earthquake scenario, led by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), anticipates the impacts of a hypothetical magnitude-7.0 earthquake on the Hayward Fault. The fault is along the east side of California’s San Francisco Bay and is among the most active and dangerous in the United States, because it runs through a densely urbanized and interconnected region. One way to learn about a large earthquake without experiencing it is to conduct a scientifically realistic scenario. The USGS and its partners in the HayWired Coalition and the HayWired Campaign are working to energize residents and businesses to engage in ongoing and new efforts to prepare the region for such a future earthquake.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20183016","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Haywired Coalition","usgsCitation":"Hudnut, K.W., Wein, A.M., Cox, D.A., Porter, K.A., Johnson, L.A., Perry, S.C., Bruce, J.L., and LaPointe, D., 2018, The HayWired earthquake scenario—We can outsmart disaster: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2018–3016, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183016.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-096004","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353493,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175013","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5013","description":"SIR 2018-5013","linkHelpText":"– The HayWired Earthquake Scenario"},{"id":353427,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3016/fs20183016_.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2018-3016"},{"id":353426,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3016/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":392913,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20213054","text":"Fact Sheet 2021-3054","linkHelpText":"– The HayWired Earthquake Scenario—Societal Consequences"},{"id":392929,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175013V3","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5013","linkHelpText":"– The HayWired Earthquake Scenario—Societal Consequences"},{"id":392928,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175013v2","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5013","linkHelpText":"– The HayWired Earthquake Scenario—Engineering Implications"},{"id":392927,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175013v1","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5013","linkHelpText":"– The HayWired Earthquake Scenario—Earthquake Hazards"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Hayward Fault, San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.78594970703126,\n 37.10119357072203\n ],\n [\n -121.63787841796875,\n 37.10119357072203\n ],\n [\n -121.63787841796875,\n 38.274844767832825\n ],\n [\n -122.78594970703126,\n 38.274844767832825\n ],\n [\n -122.78594970703126,\n 37.10119357072203\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information, Menlo Park, Calif.
Office—Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025
https://earthquake.usgs.gov/
There is a growing interest toward the use of autonomous recording units (ARUs) for acoustic surveying of secretive marsh bird populations. However, there is little information on how ARUs compare to human surveyors or how best to use ARU data that can be collected continuously throughout the day. We used ARUs to conduct 2 acoustic surveys for king (Rallus elegans) and clapper rails (R. crepitans) within a tidal marsh complex along the Pamunkey River, Virginia, USA, during May–July 2015. To determine the effectiveness of an ARU in replacing human personnel, we compared results of callback point‐count surveys with concurrent acoustic recordings and calculated estimates of detection probability for both rail species combined. The success of ARUs at detecting rails that human observers recorded decreased with distance (P ≤ 0.001), such that at <25 m, 90.3% of human‐recorded rails also were detected by the ARU, but at >75 m, only 34.0% of human‐detected rails were detected by the ARU. To determine a subsampling scheme for continuous ARU data that allows for effective surveying of presence and call rates of rails, we used ARUs to conduct 15 continuous 48‐hr passive surveys, generating 720 hr of recordings. We established 5 subsampling periods of 5, 10, 15, 30, and 45 min to evaluate ARU‐based presence and vocalization detections of rails compared with each of the full 60‐min sampling of ARU‐based detection of rails. All subsampling periods resulted in different (P ≤ 0.001) detection rates and unstandardized vocalization rates compared with the hourly sampling period. However, standardized vocalization counts from the 30‐min subsampling period were not different from vocalization counts of the full hourly sampling period. When surveying rail species in estuarine environments, species‐, habitat‐, and ARU‐specific limitations to ARU sampling should be considered when making inferences about abundances and distributions from ARU data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wsb.860","usgsCitation":"Stiffler, L.L., Anderson, J.T., and Katzner, T., 2018, Evaluating autonomous acoustic surveying techniques for rails in tidal marshes: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 42, no. 1, p. 78-83, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.860.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"83","ipdsId":"IP-088311","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/3d927e4f83cc4c23b0ab3649c9fefe3e","text":"External Repository"},{"id":353484,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6dae4b0da30c1bfbea0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stiffler, Lydia L.","contributorId":198904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stiffler","given":"Lydia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, James T.","contributorId":28071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":191353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70196568,"text":"70196568 - 2018 - Decision support frameworks and tools for conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-17T13:58:05","indexId":"70196568","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1326,"text":"Conservation Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decision support frameworks and tools for conservation","docAbstract":"The practice of conservation occurs within complex socioecological systems fraught with challenges that require transparent, defensible, and often socially engaged project planning and management. Planning and decision support frameworks are designed to help conservation practitioners increase planning rigor, project accountability, stakeholder participation, transparency in decisions, and learning. We describe and contrast five common frameworks within the context of six fundamental questions (why, who, what, where, when, how) at each of three planning stages of adaptive management (project scoping, operational planning, learning). We demonstrate that decision support frameworks provide varied and extensive tools for conservation planning and management. However, using any framework in isolation risks diminishing potential benefits since no one framework covers the full spectrum of potential conservation planning and decision challenges. We describe two case studies that have effectively deployed tools from across conservation frameworks to improve conservation actions and outcomes. Attention to the critical questions for conservation project planning should allow practitioners to operate within any framework and adapt tools to suit their specific management context. We call on conservation researchers and practitioners to regularly use decision support tools as standard practice for framing both practice and research.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/conl.12385","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, M.W., Cook, C.N., Pressey, R.L., Pullin, A.S., Runge, M.C., Salafsky, N., Sutherland, W.J., and Williamson, M.A., 2018, Decision support frameworks and tools for conservation: Conservation Letters, v. 11, no. 2, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12385.","productDescription":"e12385; 12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-070227","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12385","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353490,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6dae4b0da30c1bfbe9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, Mark W.","contributorId":145938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, Carly N.","contributorId":204315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Carly","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":36914,"text":"School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pressey, Robert L.","contributorId":204316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pressey","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36915,"text":"Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pullin, Andrew S.","contributorId":204317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pullin","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":36916,"text":"Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Salafsky, Nick","contributorId":204318,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salafsky","given":"Nick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36917,"text":"Foundations of Success, Bethesda, MD 20816, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sutherland, William J.","contributorId":204319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sutherland","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36918,"text":"Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Williamson, Matthew A.","contributorId":201232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williamson","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70196569,"text":"70196569 - 2018 - Thinning, tree-growth, and resistance to multi-year drought in a mixed-conifer forest of northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-17T13:56:00","indexId":"70196569","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thinning, tree-growth, and resistance to multi-year drought in a mixed-conifer forest of northern California","docAbstract":"Drought is an important stressor in forest ecosystems that can influence tree vigor and survival. In the U.S., forest managers use two primary management techniques to promote resistance and resilience to drought: prescribed fire and mechanical thinning. Generally applied to reduce fuels and fire hazard, treatments may also reduce competition for resources that may improve tree-growth and reduce mortality during drought. A recent severe and prolonged drought in California provided a natural experiment to investigate tree-growth responses to fuel treatments and climatic stress. We assessed tree-growth from 299 ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in treated and untreated stands during severe drought from 2012 to 2015 in the mixed-conifer forests of Whiskeytown National Recreation Area (WNRA) in northern California. The treatment implemented at WNRA removed 34% of live basal area through mechanical thinning with a subsequent pile burning of residual fuels. Tree-growth was positively associated with crown ratio and negatively associated with competition and a 1-year lag of climate water deficit, an index of drought. Douglas-fir generally had higher annual growth than ponderosa pine, although factors affecting growth were the same for both species. Drought resistance, expressed as the ratio between mean growth during drought and mean growth pre-drought, was higher in treated stands compared to untreated stands during both years of severe drought (2014 and 2015) for ponderosa pine but only one year (2014) for Douglas-fir. Thinning improved drought resistance, but tree size, competition and species influenced this response. On-going thinning treatments focused on fuels and fire hazard reduction are likely to be effective at promoting growth and greater drought resistance in dry mixed-conifer forests. Given the likelihood of future droughts, land managers may choose to implement similar treatments to reduce potential impacts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2018.03.043","usgsCitation":"Vernon, M.J., Sherriff, R.L., van Mantgem, P., and Kane, J.M., 2018, Thinning, tree-growth, and resistance to multi-year drought in a mixed-conifer forest of northern California: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 422, p. 190-198, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.03.043.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"190","endPage":"198","ipdsId":"IP-093097","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.03.043","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353489,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"422","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6dae4b0da30c1bfbe9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vernon, Michael J.","contributorId":204321,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vernon","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7067,"text":"Humboldt State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherriff, Rosemary L.","contributorId":204199,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sherriff","given":"Rosemary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7067,"text":"Humboldt State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van Mantgem, Phillip J. 0000-0002-3068-9422","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3068-9422","contributorId":204320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"Phillip J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kane, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":181978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kane","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70196536,"text":"ofr20181069 - 2018 - Brown trout in the Lees Ferry reach of the Colorado River—Evaluation of causal hypotheses and potential interventions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T18:53:45.200748","indexId":"ofr20181069","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1069","title":"Brown trout in the Lees Ferry reach of the Colorado River—Evaluation of causal hypotheses and potential interventions","docAbstract":"Over the period 2014–2016, the number of nonnative brown trout (Salmo trutta) captured during routine monitoring in the Lees Ferry reach of the Colorado River, downstream of Glen Canyon Dam, began increasing. Management agencies and stakeholders have questioned whether the increase in brown trout in the Lees Ferry reach represents a threat to the endangered humpback chub (Gila cypha), to the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sport fishery, or to other resources of concern. In this report, we evaluate the evidence for the expansion of brown trout in the Lees Ferry reach, consider a range of causal hypotheses for this expansion, examine the likely efficacy of several potential management interventions to reduce brown trout, and analyze the effects of those interventions on other resources of concern.
The brown trout population at Lees Ferry historically consisted of a small number of large fish supported by low levels of immigration from downstream reaches. This population is now showing signs of sustained successful reproduction and is on the cusp of recruiting locally hatched fish into the spawning class, based on analysis with a new integrated population model. The proximate causes of this change in status are a large pulse of immigration in the fall of 2014 and higher reproductive rates in 2015–2017. The ultimate causes of this change are not clear. The pulse of immigrants from downstream reaches in fall 2014 may have been induced by three sequential high-flow releases from the dam in November of 2012–2014, but may also have been the result of a unique set of circumstances unrelated to dam operations. The increase in reproduction may have been the result of any number of changes, including an Allee effect, warmer water temperatures, a decrease in competition from rainbow trout, or fall high-flow releases. Correlations over space and time among predictor variables do not allow us to make a clear inference about the cause of the changes. Under a null causal model, and without any changes to management, we predict there is a 36-percent chance the brown trout population at Lees Ferry will not show sustained growth, and will remain around a mean size of 5,800 adults, near its current size; in contrast, we predict there is a 64-percent chance that the population has a positive intrinsic growth rate and will increase 3–10 fold over the next 20 years. A humpback chub population model linked to the brown trout model suggests an increase of brown trout of this magnitude could lead to declines in the minimum adult humpback chub population over the same time period. Forecasts of rainbow trout abundance, however, suggest that increased abundance of brown trout in the Lees Ferry reach does not pose a threat to the rainbow trout fishery there.
There are interventions that may be effective in moderating the growth of the brown trout population in the Lees Ferry reach of the Colorado River. Across causal hypotheses, we predict that removal strategies (for example, a concerted electrofishing effort or an incentivized take program targeted at large brown trout) could reduce brown trout abundance by approximately 50 percent relative to status quo management. Reductions in the frequency or a change in the seasonal timing of high-flow releases from Glen Canyon Dam could be even more effective, but only under the causal hypotheses that involve effects of such releases on immigration or reproduction. Brown trout management flows— dam releases designed to strand young fish at a vulnerable stage—may be able to reduce brown trout abundance to some degree, but are not forecast to be the most effective strategy under any causal hypothesis.
We predict that the alternative management interventions would have effects on other resource goals as well, and the pattern of these effects differs across causal hypotheses. The removal strategies would incur direct costs (on the order of $7 million over 20 years) and the mechanical removal strategy is unethical from the perspective of several tribes. The strategies that involve reducing the frequency of high-flow releases from Glen Canyon Dam would decrease the ability to transport and store sediment in the ecosystem, potentially undermining goals associated with sandbar building, recreation, and riparian vegetation, but would increase hydropower revenue. Trout management flows would reduce hydropower revenue. From the standpoint of humpback chub, the alternative strategies largely follow the effect on brown trout; when brown trout abundance is reduced, predation pressure decreases, and humpback chub viability is predicted to increase, but the variation in predicted chub viability is not large across strategies or causal hypotheses.
To design a response to brown trout, management agencies will need to navigate both the tradeoffs among resources goals and the uncertainty in the causes of the brown trout expansion. Continued monitoring, possibly coupled with new research or experimental management actions that better inform demographic and ecological dynamics, can help to reduce the causal uncertainty.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181069","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arizona Game and Fish Department, and the Western Area Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Runge, M.C., Yackulic, C.B., Bair, L.S., Kennedy, T.A., Valdez, R.A., Ellsworth, C., Kershner J.L., Rogers, R.S., Trammell, M.A., and Young, K.L., 2018, Brown trout in the Lees Ferry reach of the Colorado River—Evaluation of causal hypotheses and potential interventions: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1069, 83 p.,\nhttps://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181069.","productDescription":"ix, 83 p.","numberOfPages":"94","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-095595","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353922,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7FN15HC","linkHelpText":"Population dynamics of humpback chub, rainbow trout and brown trout in the Colorado River in its Grand Canyon Reach: modelling code and input data"},{"id":353488,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1069/ofr20181069.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1069"},{"id":353487,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1069/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.59500122070312,\n 36.834843899148495\n ],\n [\n -111.47209167480469,\n 36.834843899148495\n ],\n [\n -111.47209167480469,\n 36.946599271636295\n ],\n [\n -111.59500122070312,\n 36.946599271636295\n ],\n [\n -111.59500122070312,\n 36.834843899148495\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12100 Beech Forest Road, Ste 4039
Laurel, MD 20708-4039
The purpose of this report is to present recently acquired as well as previously published geochemical and modal petrographic data for igneous rocks in the St. Francois Mountains, southeast Missouri, as part of an ongoing effort to understand the regional geology and ore deposits of the Mesoproterozoic basement rocks of southeast Missouri, USA. The report includes geochemical data that is (1) newly acquired by the U.S. Geological Survey and (2) compiled from numerous sources published during the last fifty-five years. These data are required for ongoing petrogenetic investigations of these rocks. Voluminous Mesoproterozoic igneous rocks in the St. Francois Mountains of southeast Missouri constitute the basement buried beneath Paleozoic sedimentary rock that is over 600 meters thick in places. The Mesoproterozoic rocks of southeast Missouri represent a significant component of approximately 1.4 billion-year-old (Ga) igneous rocks that crop out extensively in North America along the southeast margin of Laurentia and subsequent researchers suggested that iron oxide-copper deposits in the St. Francois Mountains are genetically associated with ca. 1.4 Ga magmatism in this region. The geochemical and modal data sets described herein were compiled to support investigations concerning the tectonic setting and petrologic processes responsible for the associated magmatism.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1080","usgsCitation":"du Bray, E.A. Day, W.C., and Meighan, C.J., 2018,Compilation of new and previously published geochemical and modal data for Mesoproterozoic igneous rocks of the St. Francois Mountains, southeast Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1080, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1080.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 10 p.; Appendixes; Data Release; Read Me","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-090393","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353360,"rank":9,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F79W0DSN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data release supporting compilation of new and previously published geochemical and modal data for Mesoproterozoic igneous rocks of the St. Francois Mountains, southeast Missouri"},{"id":353322,"rank":8,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1080/ds1080_ReadMe.txt","text":"Read Me","size":"8.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"DS 1080 Read Me"},{"id":353316,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1080/ds1080.pdf","text":"Report","size":"48.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 1080"},{"id":353317,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1080/ds1080_appendix1_MO15_17_Field_Notes.txt","text":"Appendix 1. Field Notes","size":"16.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"DS 1080 Field Notes, Text File","linkHelpText":"Definition and characterization of data fields for field notes for igneous rocks of the St. Francois Mountains, southeast Missouri collected between 2015 and 2017 (text file)"},{"id":353320,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1080/ds1080_appendix2_SE_MO_ChemData_AlteredMineralized.txt","text":"Appendix 2. Chemical Data, Altered Mineralized","size":"348 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"DS 1080 Chemical Data, Altered Mineralized","linkHelpText":"Definition and characterization of data fields for geochemical and modal data for igneous rocks in the St. Francois Mountains, southeast Missouri (text file)"},{"id":353315,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1080/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":353321,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1080/ds1080_appendix2_SE_MO_ChemData_FreshUnaltered.txt","text":"Appendix 2. Chemical Data, Fresh Unaltered","size":"256 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"DS 1080 Chemical Data, Fresh Unaltered","linkHelpText":"Definition and characterization of data fields for geochemical and modal data for igneous rocks in the St. Francois Mountains, southeast Missouri (text file)"},{"id":353319,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1080/ds1080_appendix2_SE_MO_ChemData.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2. Chemical Data","size":"692 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"DS 1080 Chemical Data","linkHelpText":"Definition and characterization of data fields for geochemical and modal data for igneous rocks in the St. Francois Mountains, southeast Missouri (Excel file)"},{"id":353318,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1080/ds1080_appendix1_MO15_17_Field_Notes.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1. Field Notes","size":"28.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"DS 1080 Field Notes, Excel File","linkHelpText":"Definition and characterization of data fields for field notes for igneous rocks of the St. Francois Mountains, southeast Missouri collected between 2015 and 2017 (Excel file)"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"St. Francois Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.603759765625,\n 36.848856608486905\n ],\n [\n -89.98901367187499,\n 36.848856608486905\n ],\n [\n -89.98901367187499,\n 38.496593518947584\n ],\n [\n -92.603759765625,\n 38.496593518947584\n ],\n [\n -92.603759765625,\n 36.848856608486905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Geology, Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-973
Denver, CO 80225-0046
This study examined titanium distribution in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States; the titanium is found in heavy-mineral sands that include the minerals ilmenite (Fe2+TiO3), rutile (TiO2), or leucoxene (an alteration product of ilmenite). Deposits of heavy-mineral sands in ancient and modern coastal plains are a significant feedstock source for the titanium dioxide pigments industry. Currently, two heavy-mineral sands mining and processing operations are active in the southeast United States producing concentrates of ilmenite-leucoxene, rutile, and zircon. The results of this study indicate the potential for similar deposits in many areas of the Atlantic Coastal Plain.
This study used the titanium analyses of 3,457 stream sediment samples that were analyzed as part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Geochemical Survey program. This data set was analyzed by an integrated spatial modeling technique known as Bayesian hierarchical modeling to map the regional-scale, spatial distribution of titanium concentrations. In particular, clusters of anomalous concentrations of titanium occur: (1) along the Fall Zone, from Virginia to Alabama, where metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Piedmont region contact younger sediments of the Coastal Plain; (2) a paleovalley near the South Carolina and North Carolina border; (3) the upper and middle Atlantic Coastal Plain of North Carolina; (4) the majority of the Atlantic Coastal Plain of Virginia; and (5) barrier islands and stretches of the modern shoreline from South Carolina to northeast Florida. The areas mapped by this study could help mining companies delimit areas for exploration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185045","usgsCitation":"Van Gosen, B.S, and Ellefsen, K.J., 2018, Titanium mineral resources in heavy-mineral sands in the Atlantic coastal plain of the southeastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5045, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185045.","productDescription":"Report: v, 32 p.; Read Me; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-092420","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353350,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7J38R16","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Titanium concentrations in stream sediments from the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the southeastern U.S. (1975-1999)"},{"id":353348,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5045/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":353349,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5045/sir20185045.pdf","text":"Report","size":"19.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018–5045"},{"id":353352,"rank":4,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5045/sir20185045_Readme.txt","text":"Read Me","size":"8.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2018–5045 Read Me"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.3552303599749,\n 29.6305\n ],\n [\n -76.0284,\n 29.6305\n ],\n [\n -76.0284,\n 38.4013255312409\n ],\n [\n -88.3552303599749,\n 38.4013255312409\n ],\n [\n -88.3552303599749,\n 29.6305\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
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Denver, CO 80225
Major and trace element and radiogenic isotopic characteristics of primitive mafic Pleistocene and Holocene lavas from Newberry Volcano, Oregon, define two groups. The first consists of dry tholeiitic high-alumina olivine basalts that are slightly enriched in highly incompatible elements. The second group consists of calc-alkaline basalts that contained 2–4 wt % H2O prior to eruption and shows strong enrichment in the light rare earth elements, Ba, and Sr, and deficits in Nb, Ta, Hf, and Zr. The tholeiitic basalts reflect 6–11% anhydrous adiabatic decompression melting of spinel peridotite. The calc-alkaline basalts derived from compositionally distinct sources with strong LIL enrichment and relative depletion in HFSE, but with Sr, Nd, Hf, and Pb isotopic composition only slightly distinct from the sources of the tholeiitic magmas. Radiogenic Os correlates with LREE enrichment in the calc-alkaline magmas, which indicates that their source materials include a contribution from a mafic component that was melted in the garnet stability field. The calc-alkaline magmas were derived by melting of peridotite metasomatized by a fluid/melt that originated by melting of a mixture of the sediment plus MORB basalt/mantle in the underlying subducting oceanic plate. While the trace element characteristics of the calc-alkaline magmas were determined by the subduction component, their isotopic characteristics were modified during transit through the mantle by interaction with the highly magmatically processed mantle wedge beneath Newberry Volcano that, without the slab component, serves as the source of the tholeiitic magmas.