Several recent generation global-climate models were found to have anomalously high climate sensitivities and may not be useful for certain applications. Four approaches for developing ensembles of climate projections for applications that address this issue are:
Advantages and disadvantages of each approach are described by using example applications to study the effects of climate change on an imaginary at-risk species. Choosing the right approach is dependent on the location, goals, and system focus of each application and the risk-tolerance and resource-management context.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Colorado and the University of Oklahoma","usgsCitation":"Boyles, R., Nikiel, C.A., Miller, B.W., Littell, J., Terando, A.J., Rangwala, I., Alder, J.R., Rosendahl, D.H., and Wootten, A.M., 2024, Approaches for using CMIP projections in climate model ensembles to address the ‘hot model’ problem: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1008, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241008","productDescription":"v, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-151266","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49928,"text":"South Central Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425438,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1008/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":425439,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1008/ofr20241008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"820 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024-1008"},{"id":425440,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1008/images/"},{"id":425441,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241008/full"},{"id":425442,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1008/ofr20241008.XML"}],"contact":"Director, Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
100 Brooks Ave.
Raleigh, NC 27607
An important part of infectious disease management is predicting factors that influence disease outbreaks, such as R, the number of secondary infections arising from an infected individual. Estimating R is particularly challenging for environmentally transmitted pathogens given time lags between cases and subsequent infections. Here, we calculated R for Bacillus anthracis infections arising from anthrax carcass sites in Etosha National Park, Namibia. Combining host behavioural data, pathogen concentrations and simulation models, we show that R is spatially and temporally variable, driven by spore concentrations at death, host visitation rates and early preference for foraging at infectious sites. While spores were detected up to a decade after death, most secondary infections occurred within 2 years. Transmission simulations under scenarios combining site infectiousness and host exposure risk under different environmental conditions led to dramatically different outbreak dynamics, from pathogen extinction (R < 1) to explosive outbreaks (R > 10). These transmission heterogeneities may explain variation in anthrax outbreak dynamics observed globally, and more generally, the critical importance of environmental variation underlying host–pathogen interactions. Notably, our approach allowed us to estimate the lethal dose of a highly virulent pathogen non-invasively from observational studies and epidemiological data, useful when experiments on wildlife are undesirable or impractical.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2023.2568","usgsCitation":"Dolfi, A.C., Kausrud, K., Rysava, K., Champagne, C., Huang, Y., Barandongo, Z.R., and Turner, W.C., 2024, Season of death, pathogen persistence and wildlife behaviour alter number of anthrax secondary infections from environmental reservoirs: Proceedings of the Royal Society B, v. 291, no. 2016, 20232568, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.2568.","productDescription":"20232568, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-153158","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.2568","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Namibia","otherGeospatial":"Etosha National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 15.6143902578564,\n -18.389039216321436\n ],\n [\n 15.6143902578564,\n -19.174311989065046\n ],\n [\n 16.756898047548873,\n -19.174311989065046\n ],\n [\n 16.756898047548873,\n -18.389039216321436\n ],\n [\n 15.6143902578564,\n -18.389039216321436\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"291","issue":"2016","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dolfi, Amelie C.","contributorId":342717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dolfi","given":"Amelie","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kausrud, Kyrre","contributorId":342718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kausrud","given":"Kyrre","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61713,"text":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rysava, Kristyna","contributorId":342719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rysava","given":"Kristyna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Champagne, Celeste","contributorId":342720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Champagne","given":"Celeste","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81681,"text":"College of Veterinary Medicine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huang, Yen-Hua","contributorId":342721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Yen-Hua","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37550,"text":"Yale University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barandongo, Zoe R.","contributorId":342722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barandongo","given":"Zoe","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Turner, Wendy Christine 0000-0002-0302-1646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-1646","contributorId":287053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"Christine","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":910310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70251426,"text":"70251426 - 2024 - Deep magmatic staging chambers for crustal layered mafic intrusions: An example from the Bushveld Complex of southern Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-10T14:05:35.231064","indexId":"70251426","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-07T08:01:12","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep magmatic staging chambers for crustal layered mafic intrusions: An example from the Bushveld Complex of southern Africa","docAbstract":"The deep mafic magmatic staging chambers of layered mafic intrusions have been conjectured but not imaged. Their existence has long been postulated from geochemical models which require multiple magma injections from staging chambers to account for their multi-scale igneous layering and variations in sources and degrees of crustal contamination. For the Bushveld Complex of southern Africa, the world’s largest layered mafic intrusion, seismic receiver functions identify a diffuse crust-mantle transition beneath the Complex that suggests high velocity lower crust and/or uppermost lithospheric mantle. Here we present 3D gravity modelling of the Bushveld Complex that includes dense material at the crust-mantle boundary, imaging for the first time, remnants of magma staging chambers. They underlie the whole Bushveld Complex and extend westwards to the Molopo Farms Complex in Botswana. Feeders to the Bushveld Complex coincide with intersections of major faults like the Thabazimbi-Murchison Lineament and Sugarbush Fault with the staging chamber. This identification of magmatic staging chambers beneath the Bushveld relates to similar geophysically imaged lower crustal features beneath the Duluth and Stillwater Complexes. Comparison of seismic and gravity data with geochemical models from other complexes aid in development of models for the magmatic architecture of layered mafic intrusions in general.
The southern Rocky Mountains in Colorado and northern New Mexico hosted intracontinental magmatism that developed during a tectonic transition from shortening (Laramide orogeny, ca. 75 to 40 Ma) through extension and rifting. We present a novel approach that uses stochastic weighted bootstrap simulations of a large set of new and historical geochronology data to better understand how regional anisotropies responsible for focusing magma emplacement evolved through time. This technique can detect subtle trends in directional distributions, including multi-modal orientations, and can be filtered from regional to local scales. Our results indicate that magmatism followed first the northeast trend of the Colorado mineral belt between 75 and 40 Ma and deviated afterward. These deviations vary depending on the scale of the analysis. At the smallest scale we evaluated (<75 km), the orientation of magmatism from 45 to 30 Ma rotated counter-clockwise before aligning with the north-south trend of the modern Rio Grande rift. Larger, regional-scale analyses indicate magma centers between 40 to 35 Ma and 25 to 20 Ma were dominantly oriented southwest-northeast, whereas magmatism between 35 and 25 Ma had north-south orientation. The large areal footprint of magmatism and shifting regional patterns suggest that ancient zones of weakness in the North American lithosphere accommodated magma flow at different moments in time, rather than controlled by a retreating interface of the Farallon and North American plates.
Unoccupied aerial systems (UASs) may provide cheaper, safer, and more accurate and precise alternatives to traditional waterfowl survey techniques while also reducing disturbance to waterfowl. We evaluated availability and perception bias based on machine-learning-based non-breeding waterfowl count estimates derived from aerial imagery collected using a DJI Mavic Pro 2 on Missouri Department of Conservation intensively managed wetland Conservation Areas. UASs imagery was collected using a proprietary software for automated flight path planning in a back-and-forth transect flight pattern at ground sampling distances (GSDs) of 0.38–2.29 cm/pixel (15–90 m in altitude). The waterfowl in the images were labeled by trained labelers and simultaneously analyzed using a modified YOLONAS image object detection algorithm developed to detect waterfowl in aerial images. We used three generalized linear mixed models with Bernoulli distributions to model availability and perception (correct detection and false-positive) detection probabilities. The variation in waterfowl availability was best explained by the interaction of vegetation cover type, sky condition, and GSD, with more complex and taller vegetation cover types reducing availability at lower GSDs. The probability of the algorithm correctly detecting available birds showed no pattern in terms of vegetation cover type, GSD, or sky condition; however, the probability of the algorithm generating incorrect false-positive detections was best explained by vegetation cover types with features similar in size and shape to the birds. We used a modified Horvitz–Thompson estimator to account for availability and perception biases (including false positives), resulting in a corrected count error of 5.59 percent. Our results indicate that vegetation cover type, sky condition, and GSD influence the availability and detection of waterfowl in UAS surveys; however, using well-trained algorithms may produce accurate counts per image under a variety of conditions.
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Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Shang, Yi","contributorId":341194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shang","given":"Yi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70251464,"text":"70251464 - 2024 - Upstream experience and experimental translocation of invasive bigheaded carps results in increased upstream passage success at a navigation lock in a large river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-20T15:23:56.409395","indexId":"70251464","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-06T07:24:06","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upstream experience and experimental translocation of invasive bigheaded carps results in increased upstream passage success at a navigation lock in a large river","docAbstract":"Fish movements in regulated rivers can be challenging to study because anthropogenic modifications, such as locks and dams, can influence animal behavior. Upper Mississippi River Lock and Dam 19 (LD 19), for example, is an invasive carp movement bottleneck due to an impassable dam. Upstream fish passage at LD19 is restricted to the lock chamber, making it an optimal location to test invasive fish deterrents that could limit further range expansion. Evaluating the effectiveness of experimental deterrents requires baseline knowledge of fish movements and suitable sample sizes of fish encountering the deterrents to ensure adequate statistical power. Some evidence indicates fish with prior upstream experience may return upstream or challenge potential deterrents at a higher rate than fish without such experience. To test how previous upstream experience could increase the rate at which fish moved upstream through a navigation lock chamber, we compared upstream passage through LD 19 using bigheaded carp captured below the dam (downstream-origin) and two groups of bigheaded carp captured upstream from the dam: those that swam downstream on their own volition (upstream-origin fish) and those that were captured upstream and translocated downstream of LD 19 (translocated upstream-origin). Translocated upstream-origin carp demonstrated the highest rate of upstream passage, with 59% of the fish detected downstream from LD 19 passing upstream during our study. In contrast, downstream-origin carp made no upstream passages over 2 years. Fish origin was shown to influence upstream passage success. This may be an important consideration for fish passage studies and deterrent evaluations.
Detailed understanding of crustal components and tectonic history of forearcs is important due to their geological complexity and high seismic hazard. The principal component of the Cascadia forearc is Siletzia, a composite basaltic terrane of oceanic origin. Much is known about the lithology and age of the province. However, glacial sediments blanketing the Puget Lowland obscure its lateral extent and internal structure, hindering our ability to fully understand its tectonic history and its influence on modern deformation. In this study, we apply map-view interpretation and two-dimensional modeling of aeromagnetic and gravity data to the magnetically stratified Siletzia terrane revealing its internal structure and characterizing its eastern boundary. These analyses suggest the contact between Siletzia (Crescent Formation) and the Eocene accretionary prism trends northward under Lake Washington. North of Seattle, this boundary dips east where it crosses the Kingston arch, whereas south of Seattle the contact dips west where it crosses the Seattle uplift (SU). This westward dip is opposite the dip of the Eocene subduction interface, implying obduction of Siletzia upper crust at this southern location. Elongate pairs of high and low magnetic anomalies over the SU suggest imbrication of steeply-dipping, deeply rooted slices of Crescent Formation within Siletzia. We hypothesize these features result from duplication of Crescent Formation in an accretionary fold-thrust belt during the Eocene. The active Seattle fault divides this Eocene fold-thrust belt into two zones with different structural trends and opposite frontal ramp dips, suggesting the Seattle fault may have originated as a tear fault during accretion.
Plate-coupling estimates and previous seismicity indicate that portions of the Makran megathrust of southern Pakistan and Iran are partially coupled and have the potential to produce future magnitude 7+ earthquakes. However, the GPS observations needed to constrain coupling models are sparse and lead to an incomplete understanding of regional earthquake and tsunami hazard. In this study, we assess GPS velocities for plate coupling of the Makran subduction zone with specific attention to model resolution and the accretionary prism rheology. We use finite element model-derived Green's functions to invert for the interseismic slip deficit under both elastic and viscoelastic Earth assumptions. We use the model resolution matrix to characterize plate-coupling scenarios that are consistent with the limited spatial resolution afforded by GPS observations. We then forward model the corresponding tsunami responses at major coastal cities within the western Indian Ocean basin. Our plate-coupling results show potential segmentation of the megathrust with varying coupling from west to east, but do not rule out a scenario where the entire length of the megathrust could rupture in a single earthquake. The full subduction zone rupture scenarios suggest that the Makran may be able to produce earthquakes up to Mw 9.2. The corresponding tsunami model from the largest earthquake event (Mw 9.2) estimates maximum wave heights reaching 2–5 m at major port cities in the northern Arabian Sea region. Cities on the west coast of India are less affected (1–2 m). Coastlines bounding eastern Africa, and the Strait of Hormuz, are the least affected (<1 m).
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggae046","usgsCitation":"Cheng, G., Barnhart, W.D., and Small, D., 2024, Constraints from GPS measurements on plate coupling within the Makran subduction zone and tsunami scenarios in the western Indian Ocean: Geophysical Journal International, v. 237, no. 1, p. 288-301, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggae046.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"288","endPage":"301","ipdsId":"IP-147811","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggae046","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":502011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"western Indian Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 79.55564486130993,\n 29.50814461693365\n ],\n [\n 26.9592411062265,\n 29.50814461693365\n ],\n [\n 26.9592411062265,\n -31.142757606621387\n ],\n [\n 79.55564486130993,\n -31.142757606621387\n ],\n [\n 79.55564486130993,\n 29.50814461693365\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"237","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, Guo","contributorId":369215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"Guo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":958492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnhart, William D. 0000-0003-0498-1697 wbarnhart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0498-1697","contributorId":294678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"William","email":"wbarnhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Small, David 0000-0003-3606-7664","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3606-7664","contributorId":353460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Small","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70261554,"text":"70261554 - 2024 - A global assessment of environmental and climate influences on wetland macroinvertebrate community structure and function","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-16T15:52:43.706292","indexId":"70261554","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-05T09:49:33","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A global assessment of environmental and climate influences on wetland macroinvertebrate community structure and function","docAbstract":"Estimating organisms' responses to environmental variables and taxon associations across broad spatial scales is vital for predicting their responses to climate change. Macroinvertebrates play a major role in wetland processes, but studies simultaneously exploring both community structure and community trait responses to environmental gradients are still lacking. We compiled a global dataset (six continents) from 756 depressional wetlands, including the occurrence of 96 macroinvertebrate families, their phylogenetic tree, and 19 biological traits. Using Bayesian hierarchical joint species distribution models (JSDMs), we estimated macroinvertebrate associations and compared the influences of local and climatic predictors on both individual macroinvertebrate families and their traits. While macroinvertebrate families were mainly related to broad-scale factors (maximum temperature and precipitation seasonality), macroinvertebrate traits were strongly related to local wetland hydroperiod. Interestingly, macroinvertebrate families and traits both showed positive and negative associations to the same environmental variables. As expected, many macroinvertebrate family occurrences were positively associated with temperature, but a few showed the opposite pattern and were found in cooler or montane regions. We also found that wetland macroinvertebrate communities would likely be affected by changing climates through alterations in traits related to precipitation seasonality, temperature seasonality, and wetland area. Temperature increases may negatively affect collector and shredder functional groups. A decrease in precipitation could lead to reductions in wetland area benefiting drought-tolerant macroinvertebrates, but it may negatively affect macroinvertebrates lacking those adaptations. Wetland processes may be compromised through broad-scale environmental changes altering macroinvertebrate family distributions and local hydroperiod shifts altering organism traits. Our complementary family-based and trait-based approaches elucidate the complex effects that climate change may produce on wetland ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.17173","usgsCitation":"Epele, L., Williams-Subiza, E.A., Bird, M.S., Boissezon, A., Boix, D., Demierre, E., Fair, C., Garcia, P., Gascon, S., Grech, M.G., Greig, H., Jeffries, M., Kneitel, J.M., Loskutova, O., Maltchik, L., Manzo, L.M., Mataloni, G., McLean, K., Mlambo, M.C., Oertli, B., Pires, M.M., Sala, J., Scheibler, E.E., Stenert, C., Wu, H., Wissinger, S., and Batzer, D., 2024, A global assessment of environmental and climate influences on wetland macroinvertebrate community structure and function: Global Change Biology, v. 30, no. 2, e17173, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17173.","productDescription":"e17173, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-154268","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research 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Patagónica (CONICET-UNPSJB), Roca 12 780, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bird, Matthew S.","contributorId":279558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bird","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":57281,"text":"Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boissezon, Aurelie","contributorId":279559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boissezon","given":"Aurelie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":57282,"text":"University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, HEPIA, 150 route de Presinge, CH- 1254 Jussy/ Geneva, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boix, Dani 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Georgia, Athens, GA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Garcia, Patricia","contributorId":347188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[{"id":57284,"text":"Grupo de Ecología de Sistemas Acuáticos a escala de Paisaje (GESAP) INIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, CONICET, Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche (8400), Argentina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gascon, Stephanie","contributorId":347191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gascon","given":"Stephanie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":57283,"text":"GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Grech, Marta G.","contributorId":279583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grech","given":"Marta","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":57276,"text":"Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CONICET-UNPSJB), Roca 12 780, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Greig, Hamish S.","contributorId":279555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greig","given":"Hamish S.","affiliations":[{"id":57280,"text":"University of Maine, 212 Deering Hall, Orono, ME","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Jeffries, Michael","contributorId":279564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jeffries","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":57285,"text":"Department of Geography & Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tune, NE1 8ST, 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These effects can be exacerbated by recent high Lake Michigan water levels that are problematic for wetland restoration. Wetlands in the adjacent Clark and Pine Nature Preserve and Pine Station Nature Preserve are intended to mitigate wetland destruction in the area of concern by restoring residual dune-and-swale wetlands and preserving habitat for endangered and threatened plant species. Physical hydrology and water-quality monitoring of restored wetland cells at the preserves were initiated during 2019 to evaluate changes after wetland restoration efforts in 2015 and near record-low water levels in early 2013. Lake Michigan water levels rose steadily between late 2013 and 2018 to record-high water levels in 2019 and 2020. In this report, precipitation, evapotranspiration, and groundwater and surface-water levels are analyzed to better understand wetland inundation controls and flow directions in restored northern dune-and-swale wetland settings relative to the Grand Calumet River. Continuous specific conductance data and discrete water-quality samples were collected and analyzed to provide a synoptic view of water quality for the restored wetlands.
High Lake Michigan water levels affected Grand Calumet River stage and shallow groundwater elevations in the study area after the onset of peak lake levels in June 2019, that persisted through summer 2020, before finally receding in September 2020. Grand Calumet River stage peaked soon after lake levels in July 2019, whereas groundwater elevations in the study area peaked in October 2019. Specific conductance values in closed-basin wetland cells in the western and central parts of the nature preserves indicated a dilution trend and contrasted those of interconnected wetland cells along an eastern corridor, where alterations to wetland cells were more pronounced. Monitoring results indicate that varying seasonal wetland inundation trends with low stands in autumn have returned after high water table conditions owing to high water levels on Lake Michigan. Wetland water balance results during the study period indicated that the wetland ecosystem partially moderated flooding during high lake levels through summer evapotranspiration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235122","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Naylor, S., and Gahala, A.M., 2024, Hydrology and water quality of a dune-and-swale wetland adjacent to the Grand Calumet River, Indiana, 2019–22: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5122, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235122.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 29 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-149471","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499387,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116023.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":425295,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"- USGS water data for the nation"},{"id":425294,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5122/images/"},{"id":425293,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5122/sir20235122.XML"},{"id":425292,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235122/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2023-5122"},{"id":425291,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5122/sir20235122.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.28 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5122"},{"id":425290,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5122/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Grand Calumet River-Indiana Harbor Canal Area of Concern","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.4167,\n 41.6278\n ],\n [\n -87.4167,\n 41.6056\n ],\n [\n -87.35,\n 41.6056\n ],\n [\n -87.35,\n 41.6278\n ],\n [\n -87.4167,\n 41.6278\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6460 Busch Blvd, Suite 100
Columbus, OH 43229
Soil erosion can have a multitude of negative impacts on agroecosystems and society and there remains an urgent need for tools to support its management. Quantitative benchmarks based on holistic understanding of erosion processes, ecosystem function, and land use objectives can be used with monitoring data and models to inform assessments and make objective and actionable decisions about erosion management. However, managers currently lack a framework for establishing benchmarks. Here, we present a framework and evaluation of different approaches to establishing quantitative benchmarks for soil erosion and ecological monitoring and assessment that can inform land management decisions. We use monitoring data collected across Chihuahuan Desert ecosystems in the United States and an aeolian sediment transport model to illustrate how benchmarks can be established. Approaches include establishing benchmarks from relationships between soil erosion indicators, reference states and land potential, including state-and-transition models, and desired conditions from existing monitoring data. We discuss the benefits and caveats of the different approaches and show how combining different benchmarking approaches can help users ensure that benchmarks appropriately reflect thresholds for soil erosion and achievable management outcomes. We finish by identifying future research needs to support establishment and application of erosion benchmarks across agroecosystems and recognize the opportunity to extend the benchmarking approaches to management of other agroecosystem processes and services.
Fuel-treatments targeting shrubs and fire-prone exotic annual grasses (EAGs) are increasingly used to mitigate increased wildfire risks in arid and semiarid environments, and understanding their response to natural factors is needed for effective landscape management. Using field-data collected over four years from fuel-break treatments in semiarid sagebrush-steppe, we asked 1) how the outcomes of EAG and sagebrush fuel treatments varied with site biophysical properties, climate, and weather, and 2) how predictions of fire behavior using the Fuel Characteristic Classification System fire model related to land-management objectives of maintaining fire behavior expected of low-load, dry-climate grasslands. Generalized linear mixed effect modeling with build-up model selection was used to determine best-fit models, and marginal effects plots to assess responses for each fuel type. EAG cover decreased as antecedent-fall precipitation increased and increased as antecedent-spring temperatures and surface soil clay contents increased. Herbicides targeting EAGs were less effective where pre-treatment EAG cover was >40 % and antecedent spring temperatures were >9.5 °C. Sagebrush cover was inversely related to soil clay content, especially where clay contents were >17 %. Predicted fire behavior exceeded management objectives under 1) average fire weather conditions when EAG or sagebrush cover was >50 % or >26 %, respectively, or 2) extreme fire weather conditions when EAG or sagebrush cover was >10 % or >8 %, respectively. Consideration of the strong effects of natural variability in site properties and antecedent weather can help in justifying, planning and implementing fuel-treatments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120154","usgsCitation":"Price, S.J., and Germino, M., 2024, Variability in weather and site properties affect fuel and fire behavior following fuel treatments in semiarid sagebrush-steppe.: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 353, 120154, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120154.","productDescription":"120154, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-160859","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":427519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.28067848891584,\n 43.828298445785606\n ],\n [\n -117.28067848891584,\n 43.29669949329988\n ],\n [\n -116.5936953012818,\n 43.29669949329988\n ],\n [\n -116.5936953012818,\n 43.828298445785606\n ],\n [\n -117.28067848891584,\n 43.828298445785606\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"353","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Samuel J. 0000-0003-4172-4139","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4172-4139","contributorId":297001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":898297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Germino, Matthew J. 0000-0001-6326-7579","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-7579","contributorId":251901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":898298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70252754,"text":"70252754 - 2024 - Non-native plant invasion after fire in western USA varies by functional type and with climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-18T19:58:42.770115","indexId":"70252754","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-02T09:49:38","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Non-native plant invasion after fire in western USA varies by functional type and with climate","docAbstract":"Invasions by non-native plant species after fire can negatively affect important ecosystem services and lead to invasion-fire cycles that further degrade ecosystems. The relationship between fire and plant invasion is complex, and the risk of invasion varies greatly between functional types and across geographic scales. Here, we examined patterns and predictors of non-native plant invasion following fire across the western United States. We specifically analyzed how the abundance of non-native plants after fire was related to fire characteristics and environmental conditions, such as climate, soil, and topography, in 26,729 vegetation plots from government networks and individual studies. Non-native plant cover was higher in plots measured after wildfires compared to prescribed burns or unburned plots. The post-fire cover of non-native species varied by plant functional type, and only the cover of short-lived (i.e., annual and biennial) forbs and short-lived C3 grasses was significantly higher in burned plots compared to unburned plots. Cool-season short-lived grasses composed most of the non-native post-fire vegetation, with cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) being the most recorded species in the dataset. Climate variables were the most influential predictors of the cover of non-native short-lived grasses and forbs after fires, with invasion being more common in areas with drier summers and a higher proportion of yearly precipitation falling in October through March. Models using future projected climate for mid (2041–2070) and end (2071–2100) of century showed a potential for increasing post-fire invasion risk at higher elevations and latitudes. These findings highlight priorities for mitigation, monitoring, and restoration efforts to reduce post-fire plant invasion risk across the western United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-023-03235-9","usgsCitation":"Prevey, J.S., Jarnevich, C.S., Pearse, I.S., Munson, S.M., Stevens, J., Barrett, K., Coop, J.D., Day, M., Firmage, D., Fornwalt, P.J., Haynes, K., Johnston , J., Kerns, B., Krawchuk, M., Miller, B., Nietupski, T., Roque, J., Springer, J.D., Stevens-Rumann, C.S., Stoddard, M.T., and Tortorelli, C., 2024, Non-native plant invasion after fire in western USA varies by functional type and with climate: Biological Invasions, v. 26, p. 1157-1179, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-023-03235-9.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1157","endPage":"1179","ipdsId":"IP-152404","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":435048,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P14X9ZQW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Projections of post-fire cover of non-native short-lived grasses and forbs under current and future climate conditions"},{"id":427398,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Western United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.1943681782983,\n 32.65967117029311\n ],\n [\n -114.92884753294616,\n 32.79698238215623\n ],\n [\n -110.99367754773424,\n 31.26481079263644\n ],\n [\n -108.0946219089768,\n 31.431513603923037\n ],\n [\n -108.1959219500374,\n 31.892100629040343\n ],\n [\n -106.34465440837145,\n 31.83360234391968\n ],\n [\n -100.62107035943104,\n 31.85793657294124\n ],\n [\n -100.18475388894838,\n 37.121794663673725\n ],\n [\n -99.77202408672868,\n 40.18105757902478\n ],\n [\n -99.18967918371884,\n 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0000-0003-2879-6453","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2879-6453","contributorId":222702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prevey","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":898102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":898103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearse, Ian S. 0000-0001-7098-0495","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-0495","contributorId":216680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Ian","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":898104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":898105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stevens, Jens T. 0000-0002-2234-1960","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2234-1960","contributorId":289230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevens","given":"Jens T.","affiliations":[{"id":36400,"text":"US Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barrett, Kevin","contributorId":335335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrett","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Coop, Jonathon D.","contributorId":335338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coop","given":"Jonathon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":38118,"text":"Western Colorado University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Day, Michelle","contributorId":335340,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Day","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54876,"text":"USFS Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Firmage, David","contributorId":335343,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Firmage","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Fornwalt, Paula J.","contributorId":196676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fornwalt","given":"Paula","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":898111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Haynes, Katharine","contributorId":335347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haynes","given":"Katharine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80374,"text":"USFS Medicine Bow National Forest","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Johnston , James B. ","contributorId":223434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnston ","given":"James B. ","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":898113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kerns, Becky","contributorId":335348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kerns","given":"Becky","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54876,"text":"USFS Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Krawchuk, Meg A.","contributorId":298260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krawchuk","given":"Meg A.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Miller, Becky","contributorId":335349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Becky","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Nietupski, Ty","contributorId":304166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nietupski","given":"Ty","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65989,"text":"ORISE Fellow hosted at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Roque, Jacquilyn","contributorId":335350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roque","given":"Jacquilyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80374,"text":"USFS Medicine Bow National Forest","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Springer, Judith Diane","contributorId":335351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Springer","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"Diane","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Stevens-Rumann, Camille S.","contributorId":274486,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevens-Rumann","given":"Camille","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":56622,"text":"Forest Restoration Institute, Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Stoddard, Micheal T.","contributorId":335352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoddard","given":"Micheal","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Tortorelli, Claire","contributorId":328381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tortorelli","given":"Claire","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12711,"text":"UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}} ,{"id":70251498,"text":"70251498 - 2024 - Contrasting migratory chronology and routes of Lesser Scaup: Implications of different migration strategies in a broadly distributed species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T12:59:57.713694","indexId":"70251498","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-02T06:58:15","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contrasting migratory chronology and routes of Lesser Scaup: Implications of different migration strategies in a broadly distributed species","docAbstract":"Migration allows birds to improve fitness by exploiting seasonal resource peaks and avoiding limitations. Migration strategies may differ among individuals within a species, but for all strategies, the benefit of increased fitness should outweigh the costs of migration. These costs can include increased mortality risk, time constraints in the annual cycle, and metabolic energy loss. We compared migratory chronology and routes of individuals from a broadly distributed species of waterfowl, the Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis; hereafter Scaup), marked at the northern (66.51000° N, 145.98556° W) and southern (44.63778° N, 111.73694° W) extents of its breeding distribution in North America. Scaup breeding farther north in interior Alaska, USA migrated greater distances and had protracted migrations, especially in fall, compared to Scaup breeding farther south in southwest Montana, USA. During migration, Scaup breeding in Alaska used more staging and stopover areas compared to Scaup breeding in Montana. Scaup breeding in Alaska also spent less time at their breeding area and more time at their wintering areas compared to Scaup breeding in Montana. In addition, Scaup breeding in Alaska were largely absent from wintering areas in the Intermountain West that were used by Scaup breeding in Montana. These differences could have important effects on Scaup fitness and could contribute to differences in fecundity and recruitment observed across the Scaup’s broad latitudinal distribution. Understanding the fitness implications of intraspecific variation in migration strategies of broadly distributed species can assist resource managers by focusing conservation efforts on specific breeding populations, informing models of disease transmission, and improving projections of species’ responses to environmental change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Journal of Field Ornithology","doi":"10.5751/JFO-00402-950108","usgsCitation":"Hall, L.A., Latty, C.J., Warren, J.M., Takekawa, J., and De La Cruz, S.E., 2024, Contrasting migratory chronology and routes of Lesser Scaup: Implications of different migration strategies in a broadly distributed species: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 95, no. 1, 8, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.5751/JFO-00402-950108.","productDescription":"8, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-141647","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440534,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5751/jfo-00402-950108","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QERTWN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Tracking Data for Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis)"},{"id":425647,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, Laurie Anne 0000-0001-5822-649X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5822-649X","contributorId":243313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Laurie","email":"","middleInitial":"Anne","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":894737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Latty, Christopher J.","contributorId":146588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Latty","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warren, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":266135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warren","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":54925,"text":"Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":203805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John Y.","affiliations":[{"id":36724,"text":"Audubon California, Richardson Bay Audubon Center and Sanctuary, Tiburon, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"De La Cruz, Susan E.W. 0000-0001-6315-0864","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6315-0864","contributorId":202774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De La Cruz","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.W.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":894741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70251363,"text":"70251363 - 2024 - Insights into magma storage depths and eruption controls at Kīlauea Volcano during explosive and effusive periods of the past 500 years based on melt and fluid inclusions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-07T12:59:59.734845","indexId":"70251363","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-02T06:57:18","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insights into magma storage depths and eruption controls at Kīlauea Volcano during explosive and effusive periods of the past 500 years based on melt and fluid inclusions","docAbstract":"Kīlauea Volcano experiences centuries-long cycles of explosive and effusive eruptive behavior, but the relation, if any, between these eruptive styles and changing conditions in the magma plumbing system remains poorly known. We analyze olivine-hosted melt and fluid inclusions to determine magma storage depths during the explosive-era Keanakākoʻi Tephra eruptions (∼1500–1840 CE) and compare these results to modern effusive-era Kīlauea eruptions (1959 Kīlauea Iki, 1960 Kapoho, 2018 lower East Rift Zone). We find that shallow (1–3 km) magma storage has persisted for centuries at Kīlauea, spanning both explosive and effusive periods. In contrast, mid-crustal zones of magma storage shallowed over time, from 5 to 8 km during the Keanakākoʻi sequence to 3–5 km during the modern effusive period. Melt and fluid inclusions in high-forsterite olivine (Fo86–89) trapped at shallow depths indicate that high-temperature magmas (1200 to ∼1300 °C) commonly reach depths of ≤3 km. CO2-rich fluid inclusions are present in olivine from all investigated Kīlauea eruptions but are larger and much more abundant in Keanakākoʻi units, which we interpret as indicating that a greater volume fraction of exsolved CO2-rich fluid was present in pre-eruptive Keanakākoʻi melts. Increased amounts of CO2-rich fluids in the Keanakākoʻi-era magmas would have increased magma buoyancy and driven rapid magma ascent, thereby increasing eruption energy and enhancing near-surface magma-water interactions compared to the current effusive period.
Eutrophication has been a major environmental issue in many coastal and inland ecosystems, which is primarily attributed to excessive anthropogenic inputs of nutrients. Restoration efforts have therefore focused on the reduction of watershed nutrient loads, including in the Chesapeake Bay (USA). To facilitate watershed management, watershed models are often developed and used to assess the expected impact of scenarios of past and future management policies and practices and the impact of watershed conditions. However, the level of load reductions estimated using monitoring data often does not match with model predictions, which may cast doubt on the effectiveness of the restoration efforts, the reliability of the model, and the prospect of achieving pre-established reduction goals. To better reconcile such inconsistencies between expectation (i.e., modeling estimates) and reality (i.e., monitoring information), a watershed-wide indicator was developed for the Chesapeake Bay watershed to explicitly quantify the progress toward nutrient reduction goals in the context of the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL). Results of the indicator show that since 1995 long-term progress has been made toward the TMDL planning targets for both nitrogen and phosphorus. Specifically, management practices that are implemented and realized (in monitoring data) have been increasing over time, whereas management practices that need to be implemented in the future to meet the goals have been decreasing. In addition, the progress of nutrient reduction toward meeting the goals has varied with source sectors and watershed locations: i.e., point source management has been fully or nearly fully implemented, whereas nonpoint source management has been implemented by 50%-70%. In summary, this indicator, which is largely based on monitoring data, can provide at least four benefits: (1) evaluating the validity of the modeled estimates of nutrient reductions by comparing them to monitoring information; (2) placing the monitored riverine trends into a management context; (3) comparing progress between different nutrient source sectors and watershed locations; and (4) facilitating communication of the progress to the Chesapeake Bay Program Partnership and the public. Although we focus on the indicator development and interpretation for the Chesapeake Bay watershed, the framework can be transferred to watersheds within and beyond this watershed, where similar modeling and monitoring information exists, to gauge expectations on the trajectory and pace of the progress toward meeting restoration goals.
Oceanographic, coastal engineering, ecologic, and geospatial data and tools were combined to evaluate the increased risks of storm-induced coastal flooding in the populated Hawaiian, Mariana, and American Samoan Islands as a result of climate change and sea-level rise. We followed a hybrid (dynamical and statistical) downscaling approach to map flooding due to waves and storm surge at 10-square meter resolution along all 1,870 kilometers of these islands’ coastlines for annual (1-year), 20-year, and 100-year return-interval storm events and +0.00 meter (m), +0.25 m, +0.50 m, +1.00 m, +1.50 m, +2.00 m, and +3.00 m sea-level rise scenarios. We quantified the coastal flood depths and extents using the latest climate forcing from Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change’s Sixth Assessment Report Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. The data generated using these methods provide stakeholders and decision makers with a spatially explicit, rigorous valuation of how, where, and when climate change and sea-level rise increase coastal storm-induced flooding to help identify areas where management and (or) restoration could potentially help reduce the risk to, and increase the resiliency of, the coastal communities in the populated Hawaiian, Mariana, and American Samoan Islands.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dr1184","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C.D., Reguero, B.G., Gaido L., C., Alkins, K.C., Lowrie, C., Nederhoff, K.M., Erikson, L.H., O’Neill, A.C., and Beck, M.W., 2024, Forecasting storm-induced coastal flooding for 21st century sea-level rise scenarios in the Hawaiian, Mariana, and American Samoan Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Data Report 1184, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1184.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 21 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-151075","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499103,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116008.htm","text":"Guam"},{"id":499102,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116007.htm","text":"Maui, Hawaii"},{"id":425198,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1184/dr1184.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":425197,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1184/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":425199,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1184/dr1184.xml"},{"id":425200,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1184/images"},{"id":425201,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/dr1184/full"},{"id":425196,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RIQ7S7","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Alkins, K.C., Gaido L., C., Reguero, B.G, and Storlazzi, C.D., 2024, Projected coastal flooding extents and depths for 1-, 20-, and 100-year return interval storms and 0.00, +0.25, +0.50, +1.00, +1.50, +2.00, and +3.00 meter sea-level rise scenarios in the Hawaiian, Mariana, and American Samoan Islands: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RIQ7S7.","linkHelpText":"Projected coastal flooding extents and depths for 1-, 20-, and 100-year return interval storms and 0.00, +0.25, +0.50, +1.00, +1.50, +2.00, and +3.00 meter sea-level rise scenarios in the Hawaiian, Mariana, and American Samoan Islands"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.95732441583095,\n 22.88608719647806\n ],\n [\n -160.95732441583095,\n 18.613495973781937\n ],\n [\n -153.97001972833093,\n 18.613495973781937\n ],\n [\n -153.97001972833093,\n 22.88608719647806\n ],\n [\n -160.95732441583095,\n 22.88608719647806\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
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Simulated ground motions have the potential to advance seismic hazard assessments and structural response analyses, particularly for conditions with limited recorded ground motions such as large magnitude earthquakes at short source-to-site distances. However, rigorous validation of simulated ground motions is needed for hazard analysts, practicing engineers, or regulatory bodies to be confident in their use. A decade ago, validation exercises were mainly limited to comparisons of simulated-to-observed waveforms and median values of spectral accelerations for selected earthquakes. The Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) Ground Motion Simulation Validation (GMSV) group was formed to increase coordination between simulation modelers and research engineers with the aim of devising and applying more effective methods for simulation validation. Here, we summarize what has been learned in over a decade of GMSV activities, principally reflecting the views of the SCEC research community but also extending our findings and suggestions for a path forward to broader United States and worldwide simulation validation efforts. We categorize different validation methods according to their approach and the metrics considered. Two general approaches are to compare validation metrics from simulations to those from historical records or to those from semi-empirical models. Validation metrics are categorized into ground motion characteristics and structural responses. We discuss example validation studies that have been impactful in the past decade and suggest future research directions. Key lessons learned are that validation is application-specific, our outreach and dissemination need improvement, and much validation-related research remains unexplored.
","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","doi":"10.1177/87552930231212475","usgsCitation":"Rezaeian, S., Stewart, J., Luco, N., and Goulet, C.A., 2024, Findings from a decade of ground motion simulation validation research and a path forward: Earthquake Spectra, v. 40, no. 1, p. 346-378, https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930231212475.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"346","endPage":"378","ipdsId":"IP-155594","costCenters":[{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3wm8s4pg","text":"External Repository"},{"id":493849,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rezaeian, Sanaz 0000-0001-7589-7893","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7589-7893","contributorId":238513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rezaeian","given":"Sanaz","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Jonathan P.","contributorId":350854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Jonathan P.","affiliations":[{"id":83855,"text":"University of California, Los Angeles, U.S.A.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luco, Nico 0000-0002-5763-9847 nluco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-9847","contributorId":145730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"Nico","email":"nluco@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goulet, Christine A. 0000-0002-7643-357X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7643-357X","contributorId":194805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goulet","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13249,"text":"University of Southern California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70254900,"text":"70254900 - 2024 - Beaver dam analogs did not improve beaver translocation outcomes in a desert river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-10T15:34:36.216805","indexId":"70254900","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-01T10:14:09","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beaver dam analogs did not improve beaver translocation outcomes in a desert river","docAbstract":"Stream restoration programs employ beaver-related restoration techniques, including beaver translocations and installation of beaver dam analogs (BDA), to create complex in-stream habitat. We investigated whether BDA installations improved the probability of translocated beavers surviving and colonizing a section of a degraded desert river. We translocated beavers fitted with tracking devices to the Price River, Utah, United States, for 2 years before and after BDAs were installed. We monitored survival and site fidelity of beavers to estimate apparent survival (φ), using model selection to evaluate models with BDA, flow, and other factors hypothesized to relate to apparent survival. We found similar apparent survival 8 weeks post-release of pre-BDA (φ = 0.50 ± 0.08 SE) and post-BDA beavers (φ = 0.41 ± 0.06 SE). There were 15 predator-caused mortalities and 39 beavers emigrated out of the study site. Top models indicated apparent survival was negatively related to mean flow. Of the 70 BDAs constructed, beaver activity was detected on only two structures and the number of intact natural dams decreased due to monsoon floods. Our results suggest BDAs may not improve survival and site fidelity of translocated beavers in desert river systems. Instead, the dynamic flow of desert rivers and negative relationship between flow and apparent survival suggest the timing of release may be an important consideration for successful beaver translocation. Additional research is needed to understand how habitat, food availability, individual behavior, and resident conspecifics influence beaver translocation success.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.14107","usgsCitation":"Sandbach, C., Young, J., Conner, M., Hansen, E., and Budy, P., 2024, Beaver dam analogs did not improve beaver translocation outcomes in a desert river: Restoration Ecology, v. 32, no. 4, e14107, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14107.","productDescription":"e14107, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-155481","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":429758,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United states","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Price River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.20473970874204,\n 39.220067748827375\n ],\n [\n -110.20473970874204,\n 39.117086377259085\n ],\n [\n -110.08787541978356,\n 39.117086377259085\n ],\n [\n -110.08787541978356,\n 39.220067748827375\n ],\n [\n -110.20473970874204,\n 39.220067748827375\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sandbach, Christine","contributorId":337970,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sandbach","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, Julie K.","contributorId":337971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Julie K.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conner, Mary","contributorId":337972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conner","given":"Mary","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hansen, Emma","contributorId":337973,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Emma","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Budy, Phaedra E. 0000-0002-9918-1678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-1678","contributorId":228930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"Phaedra E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":902816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70257420,"text":"70257420 - 2024 - Survival, cause-specific mortality, and population growth of white-tailed deer in western Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-30T17:06:15.833817","indexId":"70257420","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-01T09:59:40","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival, cause-specific mortality, and population growth of white-tailed deer in western Virginia","docAbstract":"Understanding the role of recruitment in population dynamics of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is important for management. In the central Appalachian Mountains, deer are part of a largely forested ecosystem that supports 3 carnivore species thought to be capable of influencing white-tailed deer recruitment: black bears (Urus americanus), coyotes (Canis latrans), and bobcats (Lynx rufus). Yet little is known about predation, how other environmental factors influence recruitment, or the importance of neonate survival to white-tailed deer population performance in the region. Our objectives were to identify causes of mortality for neonates, analyze effects of landscape attributes on survival of neonates, estimate survival rates for neonates and adult female white-tailed deer, and to model population growth trends based on current vital rates and hypothetical harvest and neonate survival scenarios. During 2019–2020, we captured 57 neonate deer in Bath County, Virginia, USA, by monitoring 38 pregnant females equipped with global positioning system collars and vaginal implant transmitters and by conducting transect searches for recently born neonates. We observed 37 neonate mortalities and identified cause of death using field and genetic evidence. Mortalities included 28 predation events and 9 deaths from other causes (e.g., abandonment, malnutrition, disease). Black bears accounted for 48.6% of neonate mortalities, and 64.2% of predation events (n = 18), followed by bobcats (n = 5) and coyotes (n = 3). Annual survival for adult female deer was 0.871 and neonate survival to 12 weeks old was 0.310. Elevation was a significant predictor of neonate survival; mortality risk increased 20% for every 100-m increase in elevation. Models of annual population growth using observed vital rates predicted an increasing population (λ = 1.10). A 10% increase in female harvest would still result in a potential population increase of 2% (λ = 1.02), but a 20% increase in harvest rate would result in a potential 7% decline (λ = 0.93). Neonate survival was higher near fertile valley bottoms and lower along forested ridges characterized by shallow, infertile soils and limited edge or early successional forests. While predation, largely influenced by black bears, was the leading cause of neonate mortality and contributed to low neonate survival, we observed little evidence of population decline, and suggest there is opportunity for a modest increase in harvest of female deer.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22528","usgsCitation":"Clevinger, G.B., Ford, W., Kelly, M., Alonso, R., DeYoung, R.W., Lafon, N.W., and Cherry, M., 2024, Survival, cause-specific mortality, and population growth of white-tailed deer in western Virginia: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 88, no. 2, e22528, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22528.","productDescription":"e22528, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-150818","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22528","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433387,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"western 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Mark 0000-0002-9611-594X wford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-594X","contributorId":172499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W. Mark","email":"wford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":910287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelly, Marcella J.","contributorId":342697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelly","given":"Marcella J.","affiliations":[{"id":25550,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alonso, Robert S.","contributorId":342698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alonso","given":"Robert S.","affiliations":[{"id":25550,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeYoung, Randy W.","contributorId":342699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeYoung","given":"Randy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":81913,"text":"Texas A&M University - Kingsville","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lafon, Nelson W.","contributorId":342700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lafon","given":"Nelson","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":56188,"text":"Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cherry, Michael J.","contributorId":342702,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cherry","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[{"id":81913,"text":"Texas A&M University - Kingsville","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70254325,"text":"70254325 - 2024 - A tale of two islands: Tectonic and orbital controls on marine terrace reoccupation, Channel Islands National Park, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-17T14:30:56.001855","indexId":"70254325","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-01T09:29:19","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2437,"text":"Journal of Quaternary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A tale of two islands: Tectonic and orbital controls on marine terrace reoccupation, Channel Islands National Park, California, USA","docAbstract":"In areas of low uplift rate on the Pacific Coast of North America, reoccupation of emergent marine terraces by later high sea-stands has been hypothesised to explain the existence of thermally anomalous fauna (mixtures of warm and cool species) of last interglacial age. If uplift rates have been low for much of the Quaternary, it follows that higher (older) terraces should also show evidence of reoccupation. Strontium isotope analyses of fossils from a high-elevation marine terrace on Anacapa Island, California, yield ages ranging from ~2.4–2.3 Ma to ~1.4–1.5 Ma. These results indicate that terrace reoccupation and fossil mixing on Anacapa Island could have taken place over several interglacial periods in the early Pleistocene. Terrace reoccupation over this time period is likely a function of both a low uplift rate and the timing of orbital forcing of glacial–interglacial cycles. Climate change in the early Pleistocene was modulated by the 41 ka obliquity cycle, and glacial–interglacial cycles were much shorter than later in the Pleistocene. Nearby San Miguel Island also has evidence of terrace reoccupation, with Sr isotope ages of shells from several high-elevation terraces ranging from ~1.21–1.25 Ma to ~0.43–0.50 Ma. However, the frequency of terrace reoccupation was lower than on Anacapa Island. The uplift rate of San Miguel Island is higher than that of Anacapa Island and terraces formed when glacial–interglacial cycles were longer. The frequency of marine terrace reoccupation is controlled by the rate of tectonic uplift and the timing of orbital forcing of sea level change during glacial–interglacial cycles.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3581","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D.R., Groves, L.T., Simmons, K., Schumann, R., and DeVogel, S.B., 2024, A tale of two islands: Tectonic and orbital controls on marine terrace reoccupation, Channel Islands National Park, California, USA: Journal of Quaternary Science, v. 39, no. 2, p. 173-207, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3581.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"207","ipdsId":"IP-133109","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3581","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":428801,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Channel Islands National Park, Santa Cruz Island, Santa Rosa Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.28400740247886,\n 34.115154538455855\n ],\n [\n -120.28400740247886,\n 33.8719024560247\n ],\n [\n -119.48309156555229,\n 33.8719024560247\n ],\n [\n -119.48309156555229,\n 34.115154538455855\n ],\n [\n -120.28400740247886,\n 34.115154538455855\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":1857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":900983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Groves, Lindsey T.","contributorId":213427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Groves","given":"Lindsey","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12725,"text":"Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simmons, Kathleen R. 0000-0002-7920-094X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7920-094X","contributorId":229460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simmons","given":"Kathleen R.","affiliations":[{"id":12608,"text":"USGS, retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schumann, R. Randall 0000-0001-8158-6960","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8158-6960","contributorId":336770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schumann","given":"R. Randall","affiliations":[{"id":55498,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey, Emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeVogel, Stephen B.","contributorId":150196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeVogel","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6709,"text":"University of Colorado, Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70251392,"text":"70251392 - 2024 - Innovation in climate adaptation: Harnessing innovation for effective biodiversity and ecosystem adaptation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-08T14:20:26.470788","indexId":"70251392","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-01T08:17:23","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Innovation in climate adaptation: Harnessing innovation for effective biodiversity and ecosystem adaptation","docAbstract":"Climate change poses growing risks to species, ecosystems, and people, and is challenging many of the assumptions that underpin modern conservation practice. As climate impacts accelerate, conventional conservation approaches are being compromised and losing their effectiveness. As a result, there is an urgent need to not only center climate adaptation in conservation policy and practice, but for adaptation responses to be bolder and more innovative.
Innovation in Climate Adaptation is designed to address this need by promoting creativity and innovation in the practice of climate adaptation for biodiversity and ecosystem conservation. The guide is not about promoting innovation for the sake of innovation; rather, it is intended to help policymakers, researchers, and resource managers harness the power of innovation to achieve more effective adaptation outcomes.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Wildlife Federation","usgsCitation":"Stein, B., Cushing, J., Jackson, S., Cross, M.E., Foden, W., Hallett, L.M., Hagerman, S.M., Hansen, L.J., Hellmann, J., Magness, D., Mendoza, G.F., Newsome, C., Pathak, A., Prober, S.M., Reynolds, J.H., and Zavaleta, E., 2024, Innovation in climate adaptation: Harnessing innovation for effective biodiversity and ecosystem adaptation, viii, 113 p.","productDescription":"viii, 113 p.","ipdsId":"IP-159474","costCenters":[{"id":40927,"text":"North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425509,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":425500,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nwf.org/InnovationInAdaptation","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stein, Bruce A.","contributorId":333951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stein","given":"Bruce A.","affiliations":[{"id":7224,"text":"National Wildlife Federation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cushing, Janet A.","contributorId":333953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cushing","given":"Janet A.","affiliations":[{"id":80022,"text":"U.S. Department of Interior","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, Stephen T.","contributorId":127411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"Stephen T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":894387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cross, Molly Elizabeth Smith 0000-0002-4238-9208","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4238-9208","contributorId":333954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Molly","email":"","middleInitial":"Elizabeth Smith","affiliations":[{"id":40927,"text":"North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":894388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Foden, Wendy","contributorId":242817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foden","given":"Wendy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48535,"text":"South African National Parks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hallett, Lauren M.","contributorId":175310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hallett","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":894390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hagerman, Shannon M.","contributorId":333955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hagerman","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36972,"text":"University of British Columbia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hansen, Lara J.","contributorId":149227,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Lara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":894392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hellmann, Jessica J.","contributorId":331509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hellmann","given":"Jessica J.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Magness, Dawn","contributorId":147692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magness","given":"Dawn","affiliations":[{"id":16903,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AK, 99669, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mendoza, Guillermo F.","contributorId":333956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mendoza","given":"Guillermo","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13502,"text":"US Army Corps of Engineers","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Newsome, Corina","contributorId":333957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newsome","given":"Corina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7224,"text":"National Wildlife Federation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Pathak, Arsum","contributorId":333958,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pathak","given":"Arsum","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7224,"text":"National Wildlife Federation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Prober, Suzanne M.","contributorId":74498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prober","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":894398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Reynolds, Joel H.","contributorId":140498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":894399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Zavaleta, Erika S.","contributorId":333959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zavaleta","given":"Erika S.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70251277,"text":"70251277 - 2024 - Twenty years of explosive-effusive activity at El Reventador volcano (Ecuador) recorded in its geomorphology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-08T18:56:27.243981","indexId":"70251277","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-01T07:04:59","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5232,"text":"Frontiers in Earth Science","onlineIssn":"2296-6463","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Twenty years of explosive-effusive activity at El Reventador volcano (Ecuador) recorded in its geomorphology","docAbstract":"Shifts in activity at long-active, open-vent volcanoes are difficult to forecast because precursory signals are enigmatic and can be lost in and amongst daily activity. Here, we propose that crater and vent morphologies, along with summit height, can help us bring some insights into future activity at one of Ecuador’s most active volcanoes El Reventador. On 3 November 2002, El Reventador volcano experienced the largest eruption in Ecuador in the last 140 years and has been continuously active ever since with transitions between and coexistence of explosive and effusive activity, characterized by Strombolian and Vulcanian behavior. Based on the analysis of a large dataset of thermal and visual images, we determined that in the last 20 years of activity, the volcano faced three destructive events: A. Destruction of the upper part of the summit leaving a north-south breached crater (3 November 2002), B. NE border crater collapse (2017), and C. NW flank collapse (2018), with two periods of reconstruction of the edifice: Period 1. Refill of the crater (2002-early 2018) and Period 2. Refill of the 2018 scar (April 2018–December 2022). Through photogrammetric analysis of visual and thermal images acquired in 11 overflights of the volcano, we created a time-series of digital elevation models (DEMs) to determine the maximum height of the volcano at each date, quantify the volume changes between successive dates, and characterize the morphological changes in the summit region. We estimate that approximately 34.1x106 m3 of volcanic material was removed from the volcano due to destructive events, whereas 64.1x106 m3 was added by constructive processes. The pre-2002 summit height was 3,560 m and due to the 2002 eruption it decreased to 3,527 m; it regained its previous height between 2014 and 2015 and the summit crater was completely filled by early April 2018. Event A resulted from an intrusion of magma that erupted violently; we proposed that Events B and C could be a result of an intrusion as well but may also be due to a lack of stability of the volcano summit which occurs when it reaches its maximum height of approximately 3,590 and 3,600 m.
Advanced Quantitative Precipitation Information (AQPI) is a synergistic project that combines observations and models to improve monitoring and forecasts of precipitation, streamflow, and coastal flooding in the San Francisco Bay Area. As an experimental system, AQPI leverages more than a decade of research, innovation, and implementation of a statewide, state-of-the-art network of observations, and development of the next generation of weather and coastal forecast models. AQPI was developed as a prototype in response to requests from the water management community for improved information on precipitation, riverine, and coastal conditions to inform their decision-making processes. Observation of precipitation in the complex Bay Area landscape of California’s coastal mountain ranges is known to be a challenging problem. But, with new advanced radar network techniques, AQPI is helping fill an important observational gap for this highly populated and vulnerable metropolitan area. The prototype AQPI system consists of improved weather radar data for precipitation estimation; additional surface measurements of precipitation, streamflow, and soil moisture; and a suite of integrated forecast modeling systems to improve situational awareness about current and future water conditions from sky to sea. Together these tools will help improve emergency preparedness and public response to prevent loss of life and destruction of property during extreme storms accompanied by heavy precipitation and high coastal water levels—especially high-moisture laden atmospheric rivers. The Bay Area AQPI system could potentially be replicated in other urban regions in California, the United States, and worldwide.
Agriculture consumes the largest share of freshwater globally; therefore, distinguishing between rainfed and irrigated croplands is essential for agricultural water management and food security. In this study, a framework incorporating the Budyko model was used to differentiate between rainfed and irrigated cropland areas in Africa for eight remote sensing landcover products and a high-confidence cropland map (HCCM). The HCCM was generated for calibration and validation of the crop partitioning framework as an alternative to individual cropland masks which exhibit high disagreement. The accuracy of the framework in partitioning the HCCM was evaluated using an independent validation dataset, yielding an overall accuracy rate of 73 %. The findings of this study indicate that out of the total area covered by the HCCM (2.36 million km2), about 461,000 km2 (19 %) is irrigated cropland. The partitioning framework was applied on eight landcover products, and the extent of irrigated areas varied between 19 % and 30 % of the total cropland area. The framework demonstrated high precision and specificity scores, indicating its effectiveness in correctly identifying irrigated areas while minimizing the misclassification of rainfed areas as irrigated. This study provides an enhanced understanding of rainfed and irrigation patterns across Africa, supporting efforts towards achieving sustainable and resilient agricultural systems. Consequently, the approach outlined expands on the suite of remote sensing landcover products that can be used for agricultural water studies in Africa by enabling the extraction of irrigated and rainfed cropland data from landcover products that do not have disaggregated cropland classes.