{"pageNumber":"88","pageRowStart":"2175","pageSize":"25","recordCount":6233,"records":[{"id":97966,"text":"sir20095195 - 2009 - Sediment Transport in the Bill Williams River and Turbidity in Lake Havasu During and Following Two High Releases from Alamo Dam, Arizona, in 2005 and 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"sir20095195","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5195","title":"Sediment Transport in the Bill Williams River and Turbidity in Lake Havasu During and Following Two High Releases from Alamo Dam, Arizona, in 2005 and 2006","docAbstract":"Discharges higher than are typically released from Alamo Dam in west-central Arizona were planned and released in 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008 to study the effects of these releases on the Bill Williams River and Lake Havasu, into which the river debouches. Sediment concentrations and water discharges were measured in the Bill Williams River, and turbidity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen were measured in Lake Havasu during and after experimental releases in 2005 and 2006 from Alamo Dam. Data from such releases will support ongoing ecological studies, improve environmentally sensitive management of the river corridor, and support the development of a predictive relationship between the operation of Alamo Dam and downstream flows and their impact on Lake Havasu and the Colorado River. \r\n\r\nElevated discharges in the Bill Williams River mobilize more sediment than during more typical dam operation and can generate a turbidity plume in Lake Havasu. The intakes for the Central Arizona Project, which transfers Colorado River water to central and southern Arizona, are near the mouth of the Bill Williams River. Measurement of the turbidity and the development of the plume over time consequently were important components of the study. In this report, the measurements of suspended sediment concentration and discharges in the Bill Williams River and of turbidity in Lake Havasu are presented along with calculations of silt and sand loads in the Bill Williams River. \r\n\r\nSediment concentrations were varied and likely dependent on a variable supply. Sediment loads were calculated at the mouth of the river and near Planet, about 10 km upstream from the mouth for the 2005 release, and they indicate that a net increase in transport of silt and a net decrease in the transport of sand occurred in the reach between the two sites.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095195","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Central Arizona Project, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Wiele, S.M., Hart, R.J., Darling, H.L., and Hautzinger, A.B., 2009, Sediment Transport in the Bill Williams River and Turbidity in Lake Havasu During and Following Two High Releases from Alamo Dam, Arizona, in 2005 and 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5195, Report: iv, 23 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095195.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 23 p.; Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5195.jpg"},{"id":13144,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5195/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.2,34.2 ], [ -114.2,34.36666666666667 ], [ -113.53333333333333,34.36666666666667 ], [ -113.53333333333333,34.2 ], [ -114.2,34.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635780","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiele, Stephen M. smwiele@usgs.gov","contributorId":2199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiele","given":"Stephen","email":"smwiele@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Robert J. bhart@usgs.gov","contributorId":598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Robert","email":"bhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Darling, Hugh L. hdarling@usgs.gov","contributorId":4681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darling","given":"Hugh","email":"hdarling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hautzinger, Andrew B.","contributorId":45411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hautzinger","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97962,"text":"ofr20091129 - 2009 - Aeromagnetic and Aeroradiometric Data for the Conterminous United States and Alaska from the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Program of the U.S. Department of Energy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:30","indexId":"ofr20091129","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1129","title":"Aeromagnetic and Aeroradiometric Data for the Conterminous United States and Alaska from the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Program of the U.S. Department of Energy","docAbstract":"The National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) program was initiated in 1973 with a primary goal of identifying uranium resources in the United States. The airborne program's main purpose was to collect radiometric data of the conterminous United States and Alaska. Magnetic data were also collected. After the program ended, most of the data were given to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). \r\n\r\nAll areas were flown at about 400 feet above ground, the optimum height for collecting radiometric data, and the line spacing varied from 3 to 6 mile intervals. A few selected quadrangles or parts of quadrangles were flown at 1- or 2-mile line spacing. About forty smaller areas were targeted and flown at 0.25-mile to 1 mile line spacing.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091129","usgsCitation":"Hill, P.L., Kucks, R.P., and Ravat, D., 2009, Aeromagnetic and Aeroradiometric Data for the Conterminous United States and Alaska from the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Program of the U.S. Department of Energy: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1129, Available online only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091129.","productDescription":"Available online only","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1129.jpg"},{"id":13139,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1129/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db697207","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Patricia L. pathill@usgs.gov","contributorId":1327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Patricia","email":"pathill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kucks, Robert P.","contributorId":11648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucks","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ravat, Dhananjay","contributorId":15893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ravat","given":"Dhananjay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97961,"text":"sir20095213 - 2009 - Comparison of Hydrologic and Water-Quality Characteristics of Two Native Tallgrass Prairie Streams with Agricultural Streams in Missouri and Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:28","indexId":"sir20095213","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5213","title":"Comparison of Hydrologic and Water-Quality Characteristics of Two Native Tallgrass Prairie Streams with Agricultural Streams in Missouri and Kansas","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of a study by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, to analyze and compare hydrologic and water-quality characteristics of tallgrass prairie and agricultural basins located within the historical distribution of tallgrass prairie in Missouri and Kansas. Streamflow and water-quality data from two remnant, tallgrass prairie basins (East Drywood Creek at Prairie State Park, Missouri, and Kings Creek near Manhattan, Kansas) were compared to similar data from agricultural basins in Missouri and Kansas.\r\n\r\nPrairie streams, especially Kings Creek in eastern Kansas, received a higher percentage of base flow and a lower percentage of direct runoff than similar-sized agricultural streams in the region. A larger contribution of direct runoff from the agricultural streams made them much flashier than prairie streams. During 22 years of record, the Kings Creek base-flow component averaged 66 percent of total flow, but base flow was only 16 to 26 percent of flows at agricultural sites of various record periods. The large base-flow component likely is the result of greater infiltration of precipitation in prairie soils and the resulting greater contribution of groundwater to streamflow. The 1- and 3-day annual maximum flows were significantly greater at three agricultural sites than at Kings Creek. The effects of flashier agricultural streams on native aquatic biota are unknown, but may be an important factor in the sustainability of some native aquatic species.\r\n\r\nThere were no significant differences in the distribution of dissolved-oxygen concentrations at prairie and agricultural sites, and some samples from most sites fell below the 5 milligrams per liter Missouri and Kansas standard for the protection of aquatic life. More than 10 percent of samples from the East Drywood Creek prairie stream were less than this standard. These data indicate low dissolved-oxygen concentrations during summer low-flow periods may be a natural phenomenon for small prairie streams in the Osage Plains.\r\n\r\nNutrient concentrations including total nitrogen, ammonia, nitrate, and total phosphorus were significantly less in base-flow and runoff samples from prairie streams than from agricultural streams. The total nitrogen concentration at all sites other than one of two prairie sampling sites were, on occasion, above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended criterion for total nitrogen for the prevention of nutrient enrichment, and typically were above this recommended criterion in runoff samples at all sites. Nitrate and total phosphorus concentrations in samples from the prairie streams generally were below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended nutrient criteria in base-flow and runoff samples, whereas samples from agricultural sites generally were below the criteria in base-flow samples and generally above in runoff samples. The lower concentrations of nutrient species in prairie streams is likely because prairies are not fertilized like agricultural basins and prairie basins are able to retain nutrients better than agricultural basins. This retention is enhanced by increased infiltration of precipitation into the prairie soils, decreased surface runoff, and likely less erosion than in agricultural basins.\r\n\r\nStreamflow in the small native prairie streams had more days of zero flow and lower streamflow yields than similar-sized agricultural streams. The prairie streams were at zero flow about 50 percent of the time, and the agricultural streams were at zero flow 25 to 35 percent of the time. Characteristics of the prairie basins that could account for the greater periods of zero flow and lower yields when compared to agricultural streams include greater infiltration, greater interception and evapotranspiration, shallower soils, and possible greater seepage losses in the prairie basins. Another difference between the prairie and agricultural strea","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095213","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Heimann, D.C., 2009, Comparison of Hydrologic and Water-Quality Characteristics of Two Native Tallgrass Prairie Streams with Agricultural Streams in Missouri and Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5213, vi, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095213.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5213.jpg"},{"id":13138,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5213/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98,37 ], [ -98,41 ], [ -91,41 ], [ -91,37 ], [ -98,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae3fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heimann, David C. 0000-0003-0450-2545 dheimann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-2545","contributorId":3822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"David","email":"dheimann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97947,"text":"ds373 - 2009 - Ground-Water Quality Data in the Coachella Valley Study Unit, 2007: Results from the California GAMA Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:26","indexId":"ds373","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"373","title":"Ground-Water Quality Data in the Coachella Valley Study Unit, 2007: Results from the California GAMA Program","docAbstract":"Ground-water quality in the approximately 820 square-mile Coachella Valley Study Unit (COA) was investigated during February and March 2007 as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Priority Basin Project was developed in response to the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001, and is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB).\r\n\r\nThe study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of raw ground water used for public-water supplies within the Coachella Valley, and to facilitate statistically consistent comparisons of ground-water quality throughout California. Samples were collected from 35 wells in Riverside County. Nineteen of the wells were selected using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study unit (grid wells). Sixteen additional wells were sampled to evaluate changes in water chemistry along selected ground-water flow paths, examine land use effects on ground-water quality, and to collect water-quality data in areas where little exists. These wells were referred to as 'understanding wells'.\r\n\r\nThe ground-water samples were analyzed for a large number of organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOC], pesticides and pesticide degradates, pharmaceutical compounds, and potential wastewater-indicator compounds), constituents of special interest (perchlorate and 1,2,3-trichloropropane [1,2,3-TCP]), naturally occurring inorganic constituents (nutrients, major and minor ions, and trace elements), radioactive constituents, and microbial indicators. Naturally occurring isotopes (uranium, tritium, carbon-14, and stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, and boron), and dissolved noble gases (the last in collaboration with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) also were measured to help identify the source and age of the sampled ground water.\r\n\r\nA quality-control sample (blank, replicate, or matrix spike) was collected at approximately one quarter of the wells, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the ground-water samples. Assessment of the quality-control information resulted in V-coding less than 0.1 percent of the data collected.\r\n\r\nThis study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, water typically is treated, disinfected, and (or) blended with other waters to maintain acceptable water quality. Regulatory thresholds apply to treated water that is supplied to the consumer, not to raw ground water. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the raw ground water were compared with health-based thresholds established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and thresholds established for aesthetic purposes (secondary maximum contaminant levels, SMCL-CA) by CDPH.\r\n\r\nMost constituents detected in ground-water samples were at concentrations below drinking-water thresholds. Volatile organic compounds, pesticides, and pesticide degradates were detected in less than one-third of the grid well samples collected. All VOC and pesticide concentrations measured were below health-based thresholds. Potential waste-water indicators were detected in less than half of the wells sampled, and no detections were above health-based thresholds. Perchlorate was detected in seven grid wells; concentrations from two wells were above the CDPH maximum contaminant level (MCL-CA). Most detections of trace elements in samples collected from COA Study Unit wells were below water-quality thresholds. Exceptions include five samples of arsenic that were above the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL-US), two detections of boron above the CDPH notification level (NL-CA), and two detections of mol","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds373","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board; A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA Program)","usgsCitation":"Goldrath, D., Wright, M.T., and Belitz, K., 2009, Ground-Water Quality Data in the Coachella Valley Study Unit, 2007: Results from the California GAMA Program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 373, x, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds373.","productDescription":"x, 71 p.","temporalStart":"2007-02-01","temporalEnd":"2007-03-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_373.jpg"},{"id":13121,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/373/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,32 ], [ -125,42 ], [ -114,42 ], [ -114,32 ], [ -125,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d5c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldrath, Dara A.","contributorId":59896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldrath","given":"Dara A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Michael T. 0000-0003-0653-6466 mtwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-6466","contributorId":1508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Michael","email":"mtwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97946,"text":"sir20095182 - 2009 - Summary of surface-water quality data from the Illinois River Basin in Northeast Oklahoma, 1970-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T17:07:31","indexId":"sir20095182","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5182","displayTitle":"Summary of Surface-Water Quality Data from the Illinois River Basin in Northeast Oklahoma, 1970-2007","title":"Summary of surface-water quality data from the Illinois River Basin in Northeast Oklahoma, 1970-2007","docAbstract":"The quality of streams in the Illinois River Basin of northeastern Oklahoma is potentially threatened by increased quantities of wastes discharged from increasing human populations, grazing of about 160,000 cattle, and confined animal feeding operations raising about 20 million chickens. Increasing numbers of humans and livestock in the basin contribute nutrients and bacteria to surface water and groundwater, causing greater than the typical concentrations of those constituents for this region. Consequences of increasing contributions of these substances can include increased algal growth (eutrophication) in streams and lakes; impairment of habitat for native aquatic animals, including desirable game fish species; impairment of drinking-water quality by sediments, turbidity, taste-and-odor causing chemicals, toxic algal compounds, and bacteria; and reduction in the aesthetic quality of the streams.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Oklahoma Scenic Rivers Commission, prepared this report to summarize the surface-water-quality data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at five long-term surface-water-quality monitoring sites. The data summarized include major ions, nutrients, sediment, and fecal-indicator bacteria from the Illinois River Basin in Oklahoma for 1970 through 2007.\r\n\r\n\r\nGeneral water chemistry, concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, chlorophyll-a (an indicator of algal biomass), fecal-indicator bacteria counts, and sediment concentrations were similar among the five long-term monitoring sites in the Illinois River Basin in northeast Oklahoma. Most water samples were phosphorus-limited, meaning that they contained a smaller proportion of phosphorus, relative to nitrogen, than typically occurs in algal tissues. Greater degrees of nitrogen limitation occurred at three of the five sites which were sampled back to the 1970s, probably due to use of detergents containing greater concentrations of phosphorus than in subsequent periods. Concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment, and counts of bacteria generally increased with streamflow at the five sites, probably due to runoff from the land surface and re-suspension of streambed sediments. Phosphorus concentrations typically exceeded the Oklahoma standard of 0.037 milligrams per liter for Scenic Rivers. Concentrations of chlorophyll-a in phytoplankton in water samples collected at the five sites were not well correlated with streamflow, nor to concentrations of the nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus, probably because much of the algae growing in these streams are periphyton attached to streambed cobbles and other debris, rather than phytoplankton in the water column. Sediment concentrations correlated with phosphorus concentrations in water samples collected at the sites, probably due to sorption of phosphorus to soil particles and streambed sediments and runoff of soils and animal wastes at the land surface and resuspension of streambed sediments and phosphorus during wet, high-flow periods. Fecal coliform bacteria counts at the five sites sometimes exceeded the Oklahoma Primary Body Contact Standard of 400 colonies per 100 milliliters when streamflows were greater than 1000 cubic feet per second.\r\n\r\nUltimately, Lake Tenkiller, an important ecological and economic resource for the region, receives the compounds that runoff the land surface or seep to local streams from groundwater in the basin. Because of eutrophication from increased nutrient loading, Lake Tenkiller is listed for impairment by diminished dissolved oxygen concentrations, phosphorus, and chlorophyll-a by the State of Oklahoma in evaluation of surface-water quality required by section 303d of the Clean Water Act.\r\n\r\nStored phosphorus in soils and streambed and lakebed sediments may continue to provide phosphorus to local streams and lakes for decades to come. Steps are being made to reduce local sources of phosphorus, including upgrades in capacity and effective","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095182","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Oklahoma Scenic Rivers Commission","usgsCitation":"Andrews, W.J., Becker, M.F., Smith, S.J., and Tortorelli, R.L., 2009, Summary of surface-water quality data from the Illinois River Basin in Northeast Oklahoma, 1970-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5182, v, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095182.","productDescription":"v, 39 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1970-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5182.jpg"},{"id":13120,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5182/pdf/sir2009-5182.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Illinois River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.5,35.25 ], [ -95.5,36.75 ], [ -92.5,36.75 ], [ -92.5,35.25 ], [ -95.5,35.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69949b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, William J. 0000-0003-4780-8835 wandrews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"William","email":"wandrews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Becker, Mark F.","contributorId":40180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, S. Jerrod 0000-0002-9379-8167 sjsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-8167","contributorId":981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"sjsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jerrod","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tortorelli, Robert L.","contributorId":65071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tortorelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97944,"text":"sir20095136 - 2009 - Regional regression equations for estimation of natural streamflow statistics in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-28T07:55:02","indexId":"sir20095136","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5136","title":"Regional regression equations for estimation of natural streamflow statistics in Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board and the Colorado Department of Transportation, developed regional regression equations for estimation of various streamflow statistics that are representative of natural streamflow conditions at ungaged sites in Colorado. The equations define the statistical relations between streamflow statistics (response variables) and basin and climatic characteristics (predictor variables). The equations were developed using generalized least-squares and weighted least-squares multilinear regression reliant on logarithmic variable transformation. Streamflow statistics were derived from at least 10 years of streamflow data through about 2007 from selected USGS streamflow-gaging stations in the study area that are representative of natural-flow conditions. Basin and climatic characteristics used for equation development are drainage area, mean watershed elevation, mean watershed slope, percentage of drainage area above 7,500 feet of elevation, mean annual precipitation, and 6-hour, 100-year precipitation. For each of five hydrologic regions in Colorado, peak-streamflow equations that are based on peak-streamflow data from selected stations are presented for the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, 200-, and 500-year instantaneous-peak streamflows. For four of the five hydrologic regions, equations based on daily-mean streamflow data from selected stations are presented for 7-day minimum 2-, 10-, and 50-year streamflows and for 7-day maximum 2-, 10-, and 50-year streamflows. Other equations presented for the same four hydrologic regions include those for estimation of annual- and monthly-mean streamflow and streamflow-duration statistics for exceedances of 10, 25, 50, 75, and 90 percent. All equations are reported along with salient diagnostic statistics, ranges of basin and climatic characteristics on which each equation is based, and commentary of potential bias, which is not otherwise removed by log-transformation of the variables of the equations from interpretation of residual plots. The predictor-variable ranges can be used to assess equation applicability for ungaged sites in Colorado.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095136","isbn":"9781411325623","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board and the Colorado Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Capesius, J.P., and Stephens, V.C., 2009, Regional regression equations for estimation of natural streamflow statistics in Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5136, iv, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095136.","productDescription":"iv, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5136.bmp"},{"id":310692,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5136/pdf/SIR09-5136.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":13117,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5136/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-106.190554,40.997607],[-106.061181,40.996999],[-105.730421,40.996886],[-105.724804,40.99691],[-105.277138,40.998173],[-105.27686,40.998173],[-105.256527,40.998191],[-105.254779,40.99821],[-104.943371,40.998084],[-104.855273,40.998048],[-104.829504,40.99927],[-104.675999,41.000957],[-104.497149,41.001828],[-104.497058,41.001805],[-104.467672,41.001473],[-104.214692,41.001657],[-104.214191,41.001568],[-104.211473,41.001591],[-104.123586,41.001626],[-104.10459,41.001543],[-104.086068,41.001563],[-104.066961,41.001504],[-104.053249,41.001406],[-104.039238,41.001502],[-104.023383,41.001887],[-104.018223,41.001617],[-103.972642,41.001615],[-103.971373,41.001524],[-103.953525,41.001596],[-103.906324,41.001387],[-103.896207,41.00175],[-103.877967,41.001673],[-103.858449,41.001681],[-103.750498,41.002054],[-103.574522,41.001721],[-103.497447,41.001635],[-103.486697,41.001914],[-103.421975,41.002007],[-103.421925,41.001969],[-103.396991,41.002558],[-103.382492,41.002232],[-103.365314,41.001846],[-103.362979,41.001844],[-103.077804,41.002298],[-103.076536,41.002253],[-103.059538,41.002368],[-103.057998,41.002368],[-103.043444,41.002344],[-103.038704,41.002251],[-103.002026,41.002486],[-103.000102,41.0024],[-102.98269,41.002157],[-102.981483,41.002112],[-102.963669,41.002186],[-102.962522,41.002072],[-102.960706,41.002059],[-102.959624,41.002095],[-102.94483,41.002303],[-102.943109,41.002051],[-102.925568,41.00228],[-102.924029,41.002142],[-102.906547,41.002276],[-102.904796,41.002207],[-102.887407,41.002178],[-102.885746,41.002131],[-102.867822,41.002183],[-102.865784,41.001988],[-102.849263,41.002301],[-102.846455,41.002256],[-102.830303,41.002351],[-102.82728,41.002143],[-102.773546,41.002414],[-102.766723,41.002275],[-102.754617,41.002361],[-102.739624,41.00223],[-102.653463,41.002332],[-102.621033,41.002597],[-102.578696,41.002291],[-102.575738,41.002268],[-102.575496,41.0022],[-102.566048,41.0022],[-102.556789,41.002219],[-102.487955,41.002445],[-102.470537,41.002382],[-102.469223,41.002424],[-102.379593,41.002301],[-102.364066,41.002174],[-102.292833,41.002207],[-102.292622,41.00223],[-102.292553,41.002207],[-102.291354,41.002207],[-102.2721,41.002245],[-102.267812,41.002383],[-102.231931,41.002327],[-102.2122,41.002462],[-102.209361,41.002442],[-102.19121,41.002326],[-102.124972,41.002338],[-102.070598,41.002423],[-102.051718,41.002377],[-102.051614,41.002377],[-102.051292,40.749591],[-102.051292,40.749586],[-102.051398,40.697542],[-102.051725,40.537839],[-102.051519,40.520094],[-102.051465,40.440008],[-102.05184,40.396396],[-102.051572,40.39308],[-102.051798,40.360069],[-102.051553,40.349214],[-102.051309,40.338381],[-102.051922,40.235344],[-102.051894,40.229193],[-102.051909,40.162674],[-102.052001,40.148359],[-102.051744,40.003078],[-102.051569,39.849805],[-102.051363,39.843471],[-102.051318,39.833311],[-102.051254,39.818992],[-102.050594,39.675594],[-102.050099,39.653812],[-102.050422,39.646048],[-102.049954,39.592331],[-102.049806,39.574058],[-102.049764,39.56818],[-102.049554,39.538932],[-102.049673,39.536691],[-102.049679,39.506183],[-102.049369,39.423333],[-102.04937,39.41821],[-102.049167,39.403597],[-102.04896,39.373712],[-102.048449,39.303138],[-102.04725,39.13702],[-102.047189,39.133147],[-102.047134,39.129701],[-102.046571,39.047038],[-102.045388,38.813392],[-102.045334,38.799463],[-102.045448,38.783453],[-102.045371,38.770064],[-102.045287,38.755528],[-102.045375,38.754339],[-102.045212,38.697567],[-102.045156,38.688555],[-102.045127,38.686725],[-102.04516,38.675221],[-102.045102,38.674946],[-102.045074,38.669617],[-102.045288,38.615249],[-102.045288,38.615168],[-102.045211,38.581609],[-102.045189,38.558732],[-102.045223,38.543797],[-102.045112,38.523784],[-102.045262,38.505532],[-102.045263,38.505395],[-102.045324,38.453647],[-102.044936,38.41968],[-102.044442,38.415802],[-102.044944,38.384419],[-102.044613,38.312324],[-102.044568,38.268819],[-102.044567,38.268749],[-102.04451,38.262412],[-102.044398,38.250015],[-102.044251,38.141778],[-102.044589,38.125013],[-102.044255,38.113011],[-102.044644,38.045532],[-102.043844,37.928102],[-102.043845,37.926135],[-102.043219,37.867929],[-102.043033,37.824146],[-102.042953,37.803535],[-102.042668,37.788758],[-102.042158,37.760164],[-102.04199,37.738541],[-102.041876,37.723875],[-102.041574,37.680436],[-102.041694,37.665681],[-102.041582,37.654495],[-102.041585,37.644282],[-102.041618,37.607868],[-102.041894,37.557977],[-102.041899,37.541186],[-102.042016,37.535261],[-102.041786,37.506066],[-102.041801,37.469488],[-102.041755,37.434855],[-102.041669,37.43474],[-102.041676,37.409898],[-102.041586,37.38919],[-102.041524,37.375018],[-102.042089,37.352819],[-102.041974,37.352613],[-102.041817,37.30949],[-102.041664,37.29765],[-102.041963,37.258164],[-102.042002,37.141744],[-102.042135,37.125021],[-102.042092,37.125021],[-102.041809,37.111973],[-102.041983,37.106551],[-102.04192,37.035083],[-102.041749,37.034397],[-102.041921,37.032178],[-102.04195,37.030805],[-102.041952,37.024742],[-102.04224,36.993083],[-102.054503,36.993109],[-102.184271,36.993593],[-102.208316,36.99373],[-102.260789,36.994388],[-102.355288,36.994506],[-102.355367,36.994575],[-102.698142,36.995149],[-102.74206,36.997689],[-102.75986,37.000019],[-102.778569,36.999242],[-102.806762,37.000019],[-102.814616,37.000783],[-102.841989,36.999598],[-102.979613,36.998549],[-102.985807,36.998571],[-102.986976,36.998524],[-103.002199,37.000104],[-103.086106,37.000174],[-103.155922,37.000232],[-103.733247,36.998016],[-103.734364,36.998041],[-104.007855,36.996239],[-104.250536,36.994644],[-104.338833,36.993535],[-104.519257,36.993766],[-104.624556,36.994377],[-104.625545,36.993599],[-104.645029,36.993378],[-104.732031,36.993447],[-104.73212,36.993484],[-105.000554,36.993264],[-105.029228,36.992729],[-105.1208,36.995428],[-105.155042,36.995339],[-105.220613,36.995169],[-105.251296,36.995605],[-105.41931,36.995856],[-105.442459,36.995994],[-105.447255,36.996017],[-105.465182,36.995991],[-105.508836,36.995895],[-105.512485,36.995777],[-105.533922,36.995875],[-105.62747,36.995679],[-105.66472,36.995874],[-105.716471,36.995849],[-105.71847,36.995846],[-105.996159,36.995418],[-105.997472,36.995417],[-106.006634,36.995343],[-106.201469,36.994122],[-106.247705,36.994266],[-106.248675,36.994288],[-106.293279,36.99389],[-106.343139,36.99423],[-106.47628,36.993839],[-106.500589,36.993768],[-106.617159,36.992967],[-106.617125,36.993004],[-106.628652,36.993175],[-106.628733,36.993161],[-106.661344,36.993243],[-106.675626,36.993123],[-106.750591,36.992461],[-106.869796,36.992426],[-106.877292,37.000139],[-107.420913,37.000005],[-107.420915,37.000005],[-107.481737,37.000005],[-108.000623,37.000001],[-108.249358,36.999015],[-108.250635,36.999561],[-108.288086,36.999555],[-108.2884,36.99952],[-108.320464,36.999499],[-108.320721,36.99951],[-108.379203,36.999459],[-108.619689,36.999249],[-108.620309,36.999287],[-108.954404,36.998906],[-108.958868,36.998913],[-109.045223,36.999084],[-109.045166,37.072742],[-109.045058,37.074661],[-109.044995,37.086429],[-109.045189,37.096271],[-109.045173,37.109464],[-109.045203,37.111958],[-109.045156,37.112064],[-109.045995,37.177279],[-109.045978,37.201831],[-109.045487,37.210844],[-109.045584,37.249351],[-109.046039,37.249993],[-109.04581,37.374993],[-109.043464,37.484711],[-109.043137,37.499992],[-109.041915,37.530653],[-109.041865,37.530726],[-109.041806,37.604171],[-109.042131,37.617662],[-109.042089,37.623795],[-109.042269,37.666067],[-109.041732,37.711214],[-109.04176,37.713182],[-109.041636,37.74021],[-109.042098,37.74999],[-109.041461,37.800105],[-109.041754,37.835826],[-109.041723,37.842051],[-109.041844,37.872788],[-109.041653,37.88117],[-109.041058,37.907236],[-109.043121,37.97426],[-109.042819,37.997068],[-109.04282,37.999301],[-109.041837,38.153022],[-109.041762,38.16469],[-109.054648,38.244921],[-109.060062,38.275489],[-109.059962,38.499987],[-109.060253,38.599328],[-109.059541,38.719888],[-109.057388,38.795456],[-109.054189,38.874984],[-109.053943,38.904414],[-109.053797,38.905284],[-109.053233,38.942467],[-109.053292,38.942878],[-109.052436,38.999985],[-109.051512,39.126095],[-109.050765,39.366677],[-109.051363,39.497674],[-109.05104,39.660472],[-109.050615,39.87497],[-109.050873,40.058915],[-109.050813,40.059579],[-109.050944,40.180712],[-109.050973,40.180849],[-109.050969,40.222662],[-109.050946,40.444368],[-109.050314,40.495092],[-109.050698,40.499963],[-109.049955,40.539901],[-109.050074,40.540358],[-109.048044,40.619231],[-109.048249,40.653601],[-109.048373,40.662602],[-109.049088,40.714562],[-109.048455,40.826081],[-109.050076,41.000659],[-108.884138,41.000094],[-108.631108,41.000156],[-108.526667,40.999608],[-108.500659,41.000112],[-108.250649,41.000114],[-108.181227,41.000455],[-108.046539,41.002064],[-107.918421,41.002036],[-107.625624,41.002124],[-107.367443,41.003073],[-107.317794,41.002967],[-107.241194,41.002804],[-107.000606,41.003444],[-106.857773,41.002663],[-106.453859,41.002057],[-106.439563,41.001978],[-106.437419,41.001795],[-106.43095,41.001752],[-106.391852,41.001176],[-106.386356,41.001144],[-106.321165,40.999123],[-106.217573,40.997734],[-106.190554,40.997607]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Colorado\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4804e4b07f02db4cf03c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capesius, Joseph P. capesius@usgs.gov","contributorId":698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capesius","given":"Joseph","email":"capesius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, Verlin C.","contributorId":34479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Verlin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97935,"text":"ofr20091214 - 2009 - Quality of Surface Water in Missouri, Water Year 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:28","indexId":"ofr20091214","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1214","title":"Quality of Surface Water in Missouri, Water Year 2008","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, designed and operates a series of monitoring stations on streams throughout Missouri known as the Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network. During the 2008 water year (October 1, 2007, through September 30, 2008), data were collected at 67 stations, including two U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Quality Accounting Network stations and one spring sampled in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service. Dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, water temperature, suspended solids, suspended sediment, fecal coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli bacteria, dissolved nitrate plus nitrite, total phosphorus, dissolved and total recoverable lead and zinc, and selected pesticide data summaries are presented for 64 of these stations. The stations primarily have been classified into groups corresponding to the physiography of the State, primary land use, or unique station types. In addition, a summary of hydrologic conditions in the State including peak discharges, monthly mean discharges, and seven-day low flow is presented.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091214","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Otero-Benitez, W., and Davis, J., 2009, Quality of Surface Water in Missouri, Water Year 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1214, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091214.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","temporalStart":"2007-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1214.jpg"},{"id":13107,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1214/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96,36 ], [ -96,41 ], [ -89,41 ], [ -89,36 ], [ -96,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db654ded","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otero-Benitez, William","contributorId":43862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otero-Benitez","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, Jerri V. jdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Jerri V.","email":"jdavis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97930,"text":"sim3083 - 2009 - Geologic Map of The Volcanoes Quadrangle, Bernalillo and Sandoval Counties, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:50","indexId":"sim3083","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3083","title":"Geologic Map of The Volcanoes Quadrangle, Bernalillo and Sandoval Counties, New Mexico","docAbstract":"This geologic map, in support of the U.S. Geological Survey Middle Rio Grande Basin Geologic Mapping Project, shows the spatial distribution of surficial deposits, lava flows, and related sediments of the Albuquerque volcanoes, upper Santa Fe Group sediments, faults, and fault-related structural features. These deposits are on, along, and beneath the Llano de Albuquerque (West Mesa) west of Albuquerque, New Mexico. Some of these deposits are in the western part of Petroglyph National Monument. Artificial fill deposits are mapped chiefly beneath and near the City of Albuquerque Soil Amendment Facility and the Double Eagle II Airport. Alluvial deposits were mapped in and along stream channels, beneath terrace surfaces, and on the Llano de Albuquerque and its adjacent hill slopes. Deposits composed of alluvium and colluvium are also mapped on hill slopes. Wedge-shaped deposits composed chiefly of sandy sheetwash deposits, eolian sand, and intercalated calcic soils have formed on the downthrown-sides of faults. Deposits of active and inactive eolian sand and sandy sheetwash deposits mantle the Llano de Albuquerque. Lava flows and related sediments of the Albuquerque volcanoes were mapped near the southeast corner of the map area. They include eleven young lava flow units and, where discernable, associated vent and near-vent pyroclastic deposits associated with cinder cones. Upper Santa Fe Group sediments are chiefly fluvial in origin, and are well exposed near the western boundary of the map area. From youngest to oldest they include a gravel unit, pebbly sand unit, tan sand and mud unit, tan sand unit, tan sand and clay unit, and silty sand unit. Undivided upper Santa Fe Group sediments are mapped in the eastern part of the map area. Faults were identified on the basis of surface expression determined from field mapping and interpretation of aeromagnetic data where concealed beneath surficial deposits. Fault-related structural features are exposed and were mapped near the western boundary of the map area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3083","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.A., Shroba, R.R., Menges, C.M., Schmidt, D., Personius, S.F., and Brandt, T.R., 2009, Geologic Map of The Volcanoes Quadrangle, Bernalillo and Sandoval Counties, New Mexico (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3083, Map Sheet: 49 x 36 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3083.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 49 x 36 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246704,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87502.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"87502"},{"id":118455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3083.jpg"},{"id":13102,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3083/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.86749999999999,35.1175 ], [ -106.86749999999999,35.25 ], [ -106.75,35.25 ], [ -106.75,35.1175 ], [ -106.86749999999999,35.1175 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a85b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Ren A. 0000-0002-3044-3043 rathomps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-3043","contributorId":1265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ren","email":"rathomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shroba, Ralph R. 0000-0002-2664-1813 rshroba@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-1813","contributorId":1266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shroba","given":"Ralph","email":"rshroba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Menges, Christopher M. 0000-0002-8045-2933 cmmenges@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8045-2933","contributorId":1045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menges","given":"Christopher","email":"cmmenges@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmidt, Dwight L.","contributorId":69568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Dwight L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Personius, Stephen F. personius@usgs.gov","contributorId":1214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"Stephen","email":"personius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brandt, Theodore R. 0000-0002-7862-9082 tbrandt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-9082","contributorId":1267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Theodore","email":"tbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":97916,"text":"ofr20091200 - 2009 - Multivariate Statistical Models for Predicting Sediment Yields from Southern California Watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:29","indexId":"ofr20091200","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1200","title":"Multivariate Statistical Models for Predicting Sediment Yields from Southern California Watersheds","docAbstract":"Debris-retention basins in Southern California are frequently used to protect communities and infrastructure from the hazards of flooding and debris flow. Empirical models that predict sediment yields are used to determine the size of the basins. Such models have been developed using analyses of records of the amount of material removed from debris retention basins, associated rainfall amounts, measures of watershed characteristics, and wildfire extent and history. In this study we used multiple linear regression methods to develop two updated empirical models to predict sediment yields for watersheds located in Southern California. The models are based on both new and existing measures of volume of sediment removed from debris retention basins, measures of watershed morphology, and characterization of burn severity distributions for watersheds located in Ventura, Los Angeles, and San Bernardino Counties. The first model presented reflects conditions in watersheds located throughout the Transverse Ranges of Southern California and is based on volumes of sediment measured following single storm events with known rainfall conditions. The second model presented is specific to conditions in Ventura County watersheds and was developed using volumes of sediment measured following multiple storm events. To relate sediment volumes to triggering storm rainfall, a rainfall threshold was developed to identify storms likely to have caused sediment deposition. A measured volume of sediment deposited by numerous storms was parsed among the threshold-exceeding storms based on relative storm rainfall totals.\r\n\r\nThe predictive strength of the two models developed here, and of previously-published models, was evaluated using a test dataset consisting of 65 volumes of sediment yields measured in Southern California. The evaluation indicated that the model developed using information from single storm events in the Transverse Ranges best predicted sediment yields for watersheds in San Bernardino, Los Angeles, and Ventura Counties. This model predicts sediment yield as a function of the peak 1-hour rainfall, the watershed area burned by the most recent fire (at all severities), the time since the most recent fire, watershed area, average gradient, and relief ratio. The model that reflects conditions specific to Ventura County watersheds consistently under-predicted sediment yields and is not recommended for application. Some previously-published models performed reasonably well, while others either under-predicted sediment yields or had a larger range of errors in the predicted sediment yields.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091200","usgsCitation":"Gartner, J.E., Cannon, S.H., Helsel, D., and Bandurraga, M., 2009, Multivariate Statistical Models for Predicting Sediment Yields from Southern California Watersheds: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1200, Report: v, 42 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091200.","productDescription":"Report: v, 42 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1200.jpg"},{"id":13088,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1200/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b473f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helsel, Dennis R.","contributorId":85569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helsel","given":"Dennis R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bandurraga, Mark","contributorId":57974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bandurraga","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97908,"text":"sir20095188 - 2009 - Application guide for AFINCH (Analysis of Flows in Networks of Channels) described by NHDPlus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-06T14:46:50","indexId":"sir20095188","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5188","title":"Application guide for AFINCH (Analysis of Flows in Networks of Channels) described by NHDPlus","docAbstract":"AFINCH (Analysis of Flows in Networks of CHannels) is a computer application that can be used to generate a time series of monthly flows at stream segments (flowlines) and water yields for catchments defined in the National Hydrography Dataset Plus (NHDPlus) value-added attribute system. AFINCH provides a basis for integrating monthly flow data from streamgages, water-use data, monthly climatic data, and land-cover characteristics to estimate natural monthly water yields from catchments by user-defined regression equations. Images of monthly water yields for active streamgages are generated in AFINCH and provide a basis for detecting anomalies in water yields, which may be associated with undocumented flow diversions or augmentations. Water yields are multiplied by the drainage areas of the corresponding catchments to estimate monthly flows. Flows from catchments are accumulated downstream through the streamflow network described by the stream segments. For stream segments where streamgages are active, ratios of measured to accumulated flows are computed. These ratios are applied to upstream water yields to proportionally adjust estimated flows to match measured flows. Flow is conserved through the NHDPlus network. A time series of monthly flows can be generated for stream segments that average about 1-mile long, or monthly water yields from catchments that average about 1 square mile. Estimated monthly flows can be displayed within AFINCH, examined for nonstationarity, and tested for monotonic trends. Monthly flows also can be used to estimate flow-duration characteristics at stream segments. AFINCH generates output files of monthly flows and water yields that are compatible with ArcMap, a geographical information system analysis and display environment. Chloropleth maps of monthly water yield and flow can be generated and analyzed within ArcMap by joining NHDPlus data structures with AFINCH output. Matlab code for the AFINCH application is presented.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095188","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D.J., 2009, Application guide for AFINCH (Analysis of Flows in Networks of Channels) described by NHDPlus: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5188, xii, 106 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095188.","productDescription":"xii, 106 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5188.jpg"},{"id":13081,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5188/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67abcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holtschlag, David J. 0000-0001-5185-4928 dholtschlag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":5447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"David","email":"dholtschlag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97903,"text":"sir20095144 - 2009 - Bankfull discharge and channel characteristics of streams in New York State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T13:10:15","indexId":"sir20095144","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5144","title":"Bankfull discharge and channel characteristics of streams in New York State","docAbstract":"<p>Equations that relate drainage area to bankfull discharge and channel characteristics (such as width, depth, and cross-sectional area) at gaged sites are needed to help define bankfull discharge and channel characteristics at ungaged sites and can be used in stream-restoration and protection projects, stream-channel classification, and channel assessments. These equations are intended to serve as a guide for streams in areas of similar hydrologic, climatic, and physiographic conditions. New York State contains eight hydrologic regions that were previously delineated on the basis of high-flow (flood) characteristics. This report seeks to increase understanding of the factors affecting bankfull discharge and channel characteristics to drainage-area size relations in New York State by providing an in-depth analysis of seven previously published regional bankfull-discharge and channel-characteristics curves.</p><p>Stream-survey data and discharge records from 281 cross sections at 82 streamflow-gaging stations were used in regression analyses to relate drainage area to bankfull discharge and bankfull-channel width, depth, and cross-sectional area. The R<sup>2</sup> and standard errors of estimate of each regional equation were compared to the R<sup>2</sup> and standard errors of estimate for the statewide (pooled) model to determine if regionalizing data reduced model variability. It was found that regional models typically yield less variable results than those obtained using pooled statewide equations, which indicates statistically significant regional differences in bankfull-discharge and channel-characteristics relations.</p><p>Statistical analysis of bankfull-discharge relations found that curves for regions 4 and 7 fell outside the 95-percent confidence interval bands of the statewide model and had intercepts that were significantly diferent (p≤0.10) from the other five hydrologic regions.Analysis of channel-characteristics relations found that the bankfull width, depth, and cross-sectional area curves for region 3 were significantly different p(≤0.05) from the other six regions.</p><p>It was hypothesized that some regional variability could be reduced by creating models for streams with similar physiographic and climatic characteristics. Available data on streamflow patterns and previous regional-curve research suggested that mean annual runoff, Rosgen stream type, and water-surface slope were the variables most likely to influence regional bankfull discharge and channel characteristics to drainage-area size relations. Results showed that although all of these factors had an influence on regional relations, most stratified models have lower 2 values and higher standard errors of estimate than the regional models.</p><p>The New York statewide (pooled) bankfull-discharge equation and equations for regions 4 and 7 were compared with equations for four other regions in the Northeast to evaluate region-to-region differences, and assess the ability of individual curves to produce results more accurate than those that would be obtained from one model of the northeastern United States. Results indicated that model slopes lack significant diferences, though intercepts are significantly different. Comparison of bankfull-discharge estimates using different models shows that results could vary by as much as 100 percent depending on which model was used and indicated that regionalization improved model accuracy.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095144","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York Department of State, New York State Department of Transportation, and New York City Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Mulvihill, C., Baldigo, B.P., Miller, S.J., DeKoskie, D., and DuBois, J., 2009, Bankfull discharge and channel characteristics of streams in New York State: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5144, vi, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095144.","productDescription":"vi, 52 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339652,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20075227","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5227","linkHelpText":"- Regionalized Equations for Bankfull-Discharge and Channel Characteristics of Streams in New York State—Hydrologic Region 3 East of the Hudson River"},{"id":339650,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20065075","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5075","linkHelpText":"- Regionalized Equations for Bankfull-Discharge and Channel Characteristics of Streams in New York State—Hydrologic Region 7 in Western New York"},{"id":339654,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20045247","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5247 ","linkHelpText":"- Regionalized Equations for Bankfull-Discharge and Channel Characteristics of Streams in New York State—Hydrologic Region 5 in Central New York"},{"id":339653,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20075189","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5189","linkHelpText":"- Regionalized Equations for Bankfull Discharge and Channel Characteristics of Streams in New York State—Hydrologic Regions 1 and 2 in the Adirondack Region of Northern New York"},{"id":339651,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20055100","text":" Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5100 ","linkHelpText":"- Regionalized Equations for Bankfull-Discharge and Channel Characteristics of Streams in New York State—Hydrologic Region 6 in the Southern Tier of New York"},{"id":13076,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5144/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5144.jpg"},{"id":339726,"rank":8,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5144/pdf/sir2009-5144_mulvihil_bankfull_2revised508.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-74.04086,40.700117],[-74.037998,40.698995],[-74.044451,40.688445],[-74.046359,40.689175],[-74.04086,40.700117]]],[[[-74.144428,40.53516],[-74.177986,40.519603],[-74.182157,40.520634],[-74.199923,40.511729],[-74.210474,40.509448],[-74.219787,40.502603],[-74.23324,40.501299],[-74.246688,40.496103],[-74.250188,40.496703],[-74.254588,40.502303],[-74.256088,40.507903],[-74.252702,40.513895],[-74.242888,40.520903],[-74.241732,40.531273],[-74.247808,40.543396],[-74.229002,40.555041],[-74.216997,40.554991],[-74.210887,40.560902],[-74.204054,40.589336],[-74.19682,40.597037],[-74.195407,40.601806],[-74.196096,40.616169],[-74.200994,40.616906],[-74.201812,40.619507],[-74.20058,40.631448],[-74.1894,40.642121],[-74.180191,40.645521],[-74.174085,40.645109],[-74.170187,40.642201],[-74.152973,40.638886],[-74.120186,40.642201],[-74.086485,40.648601],[-74.075884,40.648101],[-74.0697,40.641216],[-74.067598,40.623865],[-74.053125,40.603678],[-74.059184,40.593502],[-74.111471,40.546908],[-74.121672,40.542691],[-74.137241,40.530076],[-74.144428,40.53516]]],[[[-72.132225,41.104387],[-72.128352,41.108131],[-72.126704,41.115139],[-72.084207,41.101524],[-72.081167,41.09394],[-72.086975,41.058292],[-72.0972,41.054884],[-72.097136,41.075844],[-72.1064,41.088883],[-72.12056,41.093171],[-72.139233,41.092451],[-72.141921,41.094371],[-72.142929,41.097811],[-72.140737,41.100835],[-72.132225,41.104387]]],[[[-71.943563,41.286675],[-71.926802,41.290122],[-71.935259,41.280579],[-71.978926,41.265002],[-72.002461,41.252867],[-72.036846,41.249794],[-72.029438,41.26309],[-72.018926,41.274114],[-72.006872,41.27348],[-71.991117,41.281331],[-71.980061,41.280291],[-71.943563,41.286675]]],[[[-73.767176,40.886299],[-73.766276,40.881099],[-73.770876,40.879299],[-73.775276,40.882199],[-73.770576,40.888399],[-73.767176,40.886299]]],[[[-73.773361,40.859449],[-73.770552,40.86033],[-73.766333,40.857317],[-73.766032,40.844961],[-73.769648,40.84466],[-73.773038,40.848125],[-73.773361,40.859449]]],[[[-74.027392,44.995765],[-73.874597,45.001223],[-73.639718,45.003464],[-73.343124,45.01084],[-73.354633,44.987352],[-73.350218,44.976222],[-73.338734,44.965886],[-73.338979,44.917681],[-73.353657,44.907346],[-73.35808,44.901325],[-73.369103,44.86668],[-73.379822,44.857037],[-73.381359,44.845021],[-73.379452,44.83801],[-73.375345,44.836307],[-73.369647,44.829136],[-73.354945,44.8215],[-73.335443,44.804602],[-73.333154,44.788759],[-73.335713,44.782086],[-73.347072,44.772988],[-73.354361,44.755296],[-73.365561,44.741786],[-73.36556,44.700297],[-73.361323,44.695369],[-73.365297,44.687546],[-73.370142,44.684853],[-73.367209,44.678513],[-73.371089,44.67753],[-73.37272,44.668739],[-73.369669,44.663478],[-73.379074,44.656772],[-73.378014,44.653846],[-73.383157,44.645764],[-73.378561,44.641475],[-73.386783,44.636369],[-73.386497,44.626924],[-73.390231,44.618353],[-73.382932,44.612184],[-73.376849,44.599598],[-73.376806,44.595455],[-73.381848,44.589316],[-73.375666,44.582038],[-73.374389,44.575455],[-73.356788,44.557918],[-73.338751,44.548046],[-73.3393,44.544477],[-73.331595,44.535924],[-73.329458,44.529203],[-73.322026,44.525289],[-73.320836,44.513631],[-73.306707,44.500334],[-73.304418,44.485739],[-73.298939,44.471304],[-73.300114,44.454711],[-73.293613,44.440559],[-73.296031,44.428339],[-73.310491,44.402601],[-73.315016,44.388513],[-73.333575,44.372288],[-73.334939,44.364441],[-73.334637,44.356877],[-73.323997,44.333842],[-73.324229,44.310023],[-73.312299,44.280025],[-73.311025,44.27424],[-73.312852,44.265346],[-73.323596,44.243897],[-73.329322,44.244504],[-73.34323,44.238049],[-73.342312,44.234531],[-73.349889,44.230356],[-73.362013,44.208545],[-73.382252,44.197178],[-73.383987,44.193158],[-73.390583,44.190886],[-73.389658,44.181249],[-73.396892,44.173846],[-73.395399,44.166903],[-73.398728,44.162248],[-73.402381,44.145856],[-73.415761,44.132826],[-73.411316,44.112686],[-73.416319,44.099422],[-73.429239,44.079414],[-73.43774,44.045006],[-73.42312,44.032759],[-73.410776,44.026944],[-73.407739,44.021312],[-73.405977,44.011485],[-73.412613,43.97998],[-73.406823,43.967317],[-73.405525,43.948813],[-73.408589,43.932933],[-73.395878,43.903044],[-73.383491,43.890951],[-73.374051,43.875563],[-73.382046,43.855008],[-73.372462,43.846266],[-73.373688,43.84261],[-73.388389,43.832404],[-73.392492,43.820779],[-73.380804,43.810951],[-73.376361,43.798766],[-73.357547,43.785933],[-73.354758,43.776721],[-73.350593,43.771939],[-73.369725,43.744274],[-73.370612,43.725329],[-73.385883,43.711336],[-73.395517,43.696831],[-73.404739,43.690213],[-73.404126,43.681339],[-73.415513,43.65245],[-73.426463,43.642598],[-73.42791,43.634428],[-73.417668,43.621687],[-73.423708,43.612356],[-73.421616,43.603023],[-73.431229,43.588285],[-73.428636,43.583994],[-73.420378,43.581489],[-73.405629,43.571179],[-73.395767,43.568087],[-73.383369,43.57677],[-73.383446,43.596778],[-73.372469,43.604848],[-73.376036,43.612596],[-73.369933,43.619093],[-73.371889,43.624489],[-73.347621,43.622509],[-73.342181,43.62607],[-73.323893,43.627629],[-73.310606,43.624114],[-73.306234,43.628018],[-73.302076,43.624364],[-73.300285,43.610806],[-73.292232,43.60255],[-73.292801,43.593861],[-73.296924,43.587323],[-73.292364,43.585104],[-73.294621,43.57897],[-73.284912,43.579272],[-73.279726,43.574241],[-73.26938,43.571973],[-73.258631,43.564949],[-73.248641,43.553857],[-73.250132,43.543429],[-73.246585,43.541855],[-73.24139,43.532345],[-73.247698,43.523173],[-73.256493,43.259249],[-73.26978,43.035923],[-73.278673,42.83341],[-73.285388,42.834093],[-73.287063,42.82014],[-73.28375,42.813864],[-73.290944,42.80192],[-73.276421,42.746019],[-73.264957,42.74594],[-73.508142,42.086257],[-73.496879,42.049675],[-73.487314,42.049638],[-73.489615,42.000092],[-73.521041,41.619773],[-73.550961,41.295422],[-73.482709,41.21276],[-73.727775,41.100696],[-73.654671,41.011697],[-73.659372,40.999497],[-73.659671,40.987909],[-73.655972,40.979597],[-73.662072,40.966198],[-73.664472,40.967198],[-73.678073,40.962798],[-73.686473,40.945198],[-73.721739,40.932037],[-73.756776,40.912599],[-73.781338,40.885447],[-73.784803,40.878528],[-73.788786,40.858485],[-73.78806,40.854131],[-73.782174,40.847358],[-73.781206,40.838891],[-73.783867,40.836795],[-73.785399,40.838004],[-73.791044,40.846552],[-73.789512,40.85139],[-73.793785,40.855583],[-73.799543,40.848027],[-73.806914,40.849501],[-73.81281,40.846737],[-73.815205,40.831075],[-73.804518,40.818546],[-73.797332,40.815597],[-73.781369,40.794907],[-73.776032,40.795275],[-73.768431,40.800704],[-73.754032,40.820941],[-73.7544,40.826837],[-73.728275,40.8529],[-73.726675,40.8568],[-73.729575,40.8665],[-73.713674,40.870099],[-73.675573,40.856999],[-73.655872,40.863899],[-73.654372,40.878199],[-73.633771,40.898198],[-73.617571,40.897898],[-73.569969,40.915398],[-73.566169,40.915798],[-73.548068,40.908698],[-73.519267,40.914298],[-73.514999,40.912821],[-73.499941,40.918166],[-73.491765,40.942097],[-73.485365,40.946397],[-73.463708,40.937697],[-73.437509,40.934985],[-73.429863,40.929797],[-73.428836,40.921506],[-73.406074,40.920235],[-73.402963,40.925097],[-73.403462,40.942197],[-73.400862,40.953997],[-73.392862,40.955297],[-73.374462,40.937597],[-73.365961,40.931697],[-73.352761,40.926697],[-73.345561,40.925297],[-73.344161,40.927297],[-73.33136,40.929597],[-73.295061,40.924497],[-73.229285,40.905121],[-73.148994,40.928898],[-73.146242,40.935074],[-73.144673,40.955842],[-73.140785,40.966178],[-73.110368,40.971938],[-73.081582,40.973058],[-73.043701,40.962185],[-73.040445,40.964498],[-72.995931,40.966498],[-72.88825,40.962962],[-72.826057,40.969794],[-72.774104,40.965314],[-72.760031,40.975334],[-72.714425,40.985596],[-72.689341,40.989776],[-72.665018,40.987496],[-72.585327,40.997587],[-72.565406,41.009508],[-72.560974,41.015444],[-72.549853,41.019844],[-72.521548,41.037652],[-72.477306,41.052212],[-72.460778,41.067012],[-72.445242,41.086116],[-72.417945,41.087955],[-72.397,41.096307],[-72.356087,41.133635],[-72.322381,41.140664],[-72.291109,41.155874],[-72.278789,41.158722],[-72.2681,41.154146],[-72.245348,41.161217],[-72.238211,41.15949],[-72.237731,41.156434],[-72.253572,41.137138],[-72.265124,41.128482],[-72.300374,41.112274],[-72.300044,41.132059],[-72.306381,41.13784],[-72.318146,41.137134],[-72.32663,41.132162],[-72.335271,41.120274],[-72.335177,41.106917],[-72.317238,41.088659],[-72.297718,41.081042],[-72.280373,41.080402],[-72.276709,41.076722],[-72.283093,41.067874],[-72.273657,41.051533],[-72.260515,41.042065],[-72.229364,41.044355],[-72.201859,41.032275],[-72.190563,41.032579],[-72.183266,41.035619],[-72.174882,41.046147],[-72.162898,41.053187],[-72.153857,41.051859],[-72.137297,41.039684],[-72.135137,41.031284],[-72.137409,41.023908],[-72.116368,40.999796],[-72.10216,40.991509],[-72.095456,40.991349],[-72.083039,40.996453],[-72.076175,41.009093],[-72.061448,41.009442],[-72.057934,41.004789],[-72.051585,41.006437],[-72.049526,41.009697],[-72.051928,41.020506],[-72.047468,41.022565],[-72.035792,41.020759],[-72.015013,41.028348],[-71.99926,41.039669],[-71.96704,41.047772],[-71.961078,41.054277],[-71.959595,41.071237],[-71.93825,41.077413],[-71.899256,41.080837],[-71.889543,41.075701],[-71.869558,41.075046],[-71.86447,41.076918],[-71.857494,41.073558],[-71.856214,41.070598],[-71.87391,41.052278],[-71.903736,41.040166],[-71.935689,41.034182],[-72.029357,40.999909],[-72.114448,40.972085],[-72.39585,40.86666],[-72.469996,40.84274],[-72.753112,40.763571],[-72.768152,40.761587],[-72.863164,40.732962],[-73.054963,40.666371],[-73.20844,40.630884],[-73.262106,40.621476],[-73.306396,40.620756],[-73.319257,40.635795],[-73.351465,40.6305],[-73.391967,40.617501],[-73.450369,40.603501],[-73.562372,40.583703],[-73.610873,40.587703],[-73.646674,40.582804],[-73.754776,40.584404],[-73.753349,40.59056],[-73.774928,40.590759],[-73.834408,40.577201],[-73.878906,40.560888],[-73.934512,40.545175],[-73.932729,40.560266],[-73.935686,40.564914],[-73.95005,40.573363],[-73.991346,40.57035],[-74.002056,40.570623],[-74.012022,40.574528],[-74.012996,40.578169],[-74.001591,40.590684],[-74.003281,40.595754],[-74.010926,40.600789],[-74.032856,40.604421],[-74.03959,40.612934],[-74.042412,40.624847],[-74.038336,40.637074],[-74.032066,40.646479],[-74.018272,40.659019],[-74.020467,40.67877],[-74.024827,40.687007],[-74.01849,40.695457],[-74.0168,40.701794],[-74.019526,40.706985],[-74.024543,40.709436],[-74.013784,40.756601],[-73.963182,40.8269],[-73.953982,40.848],[-73.929006,40.889578],[-73.896479,40.981697],[-73.893979,40.997197],[-73.90501,40.997591],[-74.18239,41.121595],[-74.301994,41.172594],[-74.457584,41.248225],[-74.696398,41.357339],[-74.689767,41.361558],[-74.691129,41.367324],[-74.708458,41.378901],[-74.715979,41.392584],[-74.73364,41.396975],[-74.740963,41.40512],[-74.741086,41.411413],[-74.734731,41.422699],[-74.738455,41.430641],[-74.743821,41.430635],[-74.758587,41.423287],[-74.773239,41.426352],[-74.790417,41.42166],[-74.795396,41.42398],[-74.801225,41.4381],[-74.807582,41.442847],[-74.817995,41.440505],[-74.826031,41.431736],[-74.830671,41.430503],[-74.836915,41.431625],[-74.858578,41.444427],[-74.888691,41.438259],[-74.893913,41.43893],[-74.896399,41.442179],[-74.889075,41.451245],[-74.890358,41.455324],[-74.906887,41.461131],[-74.909181,41.472436],[-74.912517,41.475605],[-74.924092,41.477138],[-74.932585,41.482323],[-74.941798,41.483542],[-74.95826,41.476396],[-74.983341,41.480894],[-74.985595,41.485863],[-74.982168,41.498486],[-74.984372,41.506611],[-74.987645,41.508738],[-75.003151,41.508101],[-75.000911,41.519292],[-75.00385,41.524052],[-75.014919,41.531399],[-75.024206,41.534018],[-75.024798,41.539801],[-75.016144,41.544246],[-75.018524,41.551802],[-75.027343,41.563541],[-75.04049,41.569688],[-75.04676,41.583258],[-75.060012,41.590813],[-75.074613,41.605711],[-75.071667,41.609501],[-75.059725,41.610801],[-75.061675,41.615468],[-75.060098,41.617482],[-75.05385,41.618655],[-75.048385,41.615986],[-75.044224,41.617978],[-75.043562,41.62364],[-75.048658,41.633781],[-75.04992,41.662556],[-75.059332,41.67232],[-75.051285,41.679961],[-75.052736,41.688393],[-75.059829,41.699716],[-75.06883,41.708161],[-75.06663,41.712588],[-75.052226,41.711396],[-75.049862,41.713309],[-75.054818,41.735168],[-75.053431,41.752538],[-75.060759,41.764638],[-75.075942,41.771518],[-75.095451,41.768366],[-75.10099,41.769121],[-75.10464,41.774203],[-75.101463,41.787941],[-75.092876,41.796386],[-75.076889,41.798509],[-75.072168,41.808327],[-75.072172,41.813732],[-75.078063,41.815112],[-75.089484,41.811576],[-75.100024,41.818347],[-75.113334,41.822782],[-75.115147,41.827285],[-75.113369,41.840698],[-75.115598,41.844638],[-75.130983,41.845145],[-75.140241,41.852078],[-75.152898,41.848564],[-75.161541,41.849836],[-75.168733,41.859258],[-75.168053,41.867043],[-75.170565,41.871608],[-75.176633,41.872371],[-75.185254,41.85993],[-75.194382,41.867287],[-75.204002,41.869867],[-75.21497,41.867449],[-75.223734,41.857456],[-75.231612,41.859459],[-75.241134,41.867118],[-75.251197,41.86204],[-75.260527,41.8638],[-75.263815,41.870757],[-75.257564,41.877108],[-75.260623,41.883783],[-75.271292,41.88736],[-75.272778,41.897112],[-75.267773,41.901971],[-75.267562,41.907054],[-75.276552,41.922208],[-75.279094,41.938917],[-75.289383,41.942891],[-75.293713,41.954593],[-75.300409,41.953871],[-75.301233,41.9489],[-75.303966,41.948216],[-75.312817,41.950182],[-75.318168,41.954236],[-75.32004,41.960867],[-75.329318,41.968232],[-75.342204,41.972872],[-75.337602,41.9867],[-75.341125,41.992772],[-75.359579,41.999445],[-76.343722,41.998346],[-76.920784,42.001774],[-77.124693,41.999395],[-77.83203,41.998524],[-78.12473,42.000452],[-78.874759,41.997559],[-79.761374,41.999067],[-79.761951,42.26986],[-79.717825,42.284711],[-79.645358,42.315631],[-79.546262,42.363417],[-79.474794,42.404291],[-79.453533,42.411157],[-79.429119,42.42838],[-79.405458,42.453281],[-79.381943,42.466491],[-79.351989,42.48892],[-79.331483,42.489076],[-79.31774,42.499884],[-79.283364,42.511228],[-79.264624,42.523159],[-79.242889,42.531757],[-79.193232,42.545881],[-79.148723,42.553672],[-79.138569,42.564462],[-79.12963,42.589824],[-79.121921,42.594234],[-79.113713,42.605994],[-79.111361,42.613358],[-79.078761,42.640058],[-79.073261,42.639958],[-79.06376,42.644758],[-79.062261,42.668358],[-79.04886,42.689158],[-79.01886,42.701558],[-78.991159,42.705358],[-78.944158,42.731958],[-78.918157,42.737258],[-78.868556,42.770258],[-78.853455,42.783958],[-78.851355,42.791758],[-78.856456,42.800258],[-78.859356,42.800658],[-78.863656,42.813058],[-78.865656,42.826758],[-78.860445,42.83511],[-78.859456,42.841358],[-78.865592,42.852358],[-78.872227,42.853306],[-78.882557,42.867258],[-78.891655,42.884845],[-78.912458,42.886557],[-78.905758,42.899957],[-78.905659,42.923357],[-78.909159,42.933257],[-78.918859,42.946857],[-78.93236,42.955857],[-78.961761,42.957756],[-78.975062,42.968756],[-79.011563,42.985256],[-79.019964,42.994756],[-79.02092,43.014287],[-79.011764,43.028956],[-79.005164,43.047056],[-79.00545,43.057231],[-79.01053,43.064389],[-79.074467,43.077855],[-79.074678,43.083141],[-79.064754,43.093205],[-79.060281,43.105086],[-79.062518,43.120182],[-79.060206,43.124799],[-79.044066,43.138055],[-79.042366,43.143655],[-79.046567,43.162355],[-79.053067,43.173655],[-79.050744,43.197417],[-79.055868,43.238554],[-79.061388,43.251349],[-79.070469,43.262454],[-79.019848,43.273686],[-78.971866,43.281254],[-78.836261,43.318455],[-78.777759,43.327055],[-78.747158,43.334555],[-78.696856,43.341255],[-78.634346,43.357624],[-78.547395,43.369541],[-78.488857,43.374763],[-78.473099,43.370812],[-78.370221,43.376505],[-78.358711,43.373988],[-78.233609,43.36907],[-78.145195,43.37551],[-78.104509,43.375628],[-78.023609,43.366575],[-77.995591,43.365293],[-77.976438,43.369159],[-77.965238,43.368059],[-77.922736,43.35696],[-77.904836,43.35696],[-77.875335,43.34966],[-77.797381,43.339857],[-77.760231,43.341161],[-77.756931,43.337361],[-77.714129,43.323561],[-77.701429,43.308261],[-77.660359,43.282998],[-77.628315,43.271303],[-77.577223,43.243263],[-77.551022,43.235763],[-77.534184,43.234569],[-77.50092,43.250363],[-77.476642,43.254522],[-77.436831,43.265701],[-77.414516,43.269263],[-77.391015,43.276363],[-77.341092,43.280661],[-77.314619,43.28103],[-77.303979,43.27815],[-77.264177,43.277363],[-77.214058,43.284114],[-77.173088,43.281509],[-77.143416,43.287561],[-77.130429,43.285635],[-77.111866,43.287945],[-77.067295,43.280937],[-77.033875,43.271218],[-76.999691,43.271456],[-76.988445,43.2745],[-76.958402,43.270005],[-76.952174,43.270692],[-76.904288,43.291816],[-76.877397,43.292926],[-76.854976,43.298443],[-76.841675,43.305399],[-76.794708,43.309632],[-76.769025,43.318452],[-76.731039,43.343421],[-76.69836,43.344436],[-76.684856,43.352691],[-76.669624,43.366526],[-76.630774,43.413356],[-76.607093,43.423374],[-76.562826,43.448537],[-76.53181,43.460299],[-76.521999,43.468617],[-76.515882,43.471136],[-76.506858,43.469127],[-76.486962,43.47535],[-76.472498,43.492781],[-76.437473,43.509213],[-76.417581,43.521285],[-76.368849,43.525822],[-76.345492,43.513437],[-76.297103,43.51287],[-76.259858,43.524728],[-76.235834,43.529256],[-76.228701,43.532987],[-76.217958,43.545156],[-76.209853,43.560136],[-76.203473,43.574978],[-76.199138,43.600454],[-76.196596,43.649761],[-76.205436,43.718751],[-76.213205,43.753513],[-76.229268,43.804135],[-76.250135,43.825713],[-76.266977,43.838046],[-76.283307,43.843923],[-76.284481,43.850968],[-76.28272,43.858601],[-76.261584,43.873278],[-76.243384,43.877975],[-76.227485,43.875061],[-76.219313,43.86682],[-76.202257,43.864898],[-76.158249,43.887542],[-76.145506,43.888681],[-76.133267,43.892975],[-76.127285,43.897889],[-76.125023,43.912773],[-76.133697,43.940356],[-76.134296,43.954726],[-76.139086,43.962111],[-76.146072,43.964705],[-76.169802,43.962202],[-76.184874,43.971128],[-76.22805,43.982737],[-76.244439,43.975803],[-76.264294,43.978009],[-76.268706,43.980846],[-76.266733,43.995578],[-76.269672,44.001148],[-76.281928,44.009177],[-76.296755,44.013307],[-76.298962,44.017719],[-76.300222,44.022762],[-76.296986,44.045455],[-76.300532,44.057188],[-76.360306,44.070907],[-76.360798,44.087644],[-76.366972,44.100409],[-76.363835,44.111696],[-76.355679,44.133258],[-76.312647,44.199044],[-76.286547,44.203773],[-76.245487,44.203669],[-76.206777,44.214543],[-76.191328,44.221244],[-76.164265,44.239603],[-76.161833,44.280777],[-76.130884,44.296635],[-76.118136,44.29485],[-76.111931,44.298031],[-76.097351,44.299547],[-76.045228,44.331724],[-76.000998,44.347534],[-75.978281,44.34688],[-75.970185,44.342835],[-75.94954,44.349129],[-75.929465,44.359603],[-75.922247,44.36568],[-75.912985,44.368084],[-75.871496,44.394839],[-75.82083,44.432244],[-75.807778,44.471644],[-75.76623,44.515851],[-75.662381,44.591934],[-75.618364,44.619637],[-75.505903,44.705081],[-75.477642,44.720224],[-75.423943,44.756329],[-75.413885,44.76889],[-75.397007,44.773471],[-75.387371,44.78003],[-75.372347,44.78311],[-75.346527,44.805563],[-75.333744,44.806378],[-75.306487,44.826144],[-75.30763,44.836813],[-75.26825,44.855119],[-75.255517,44.857651],[-75.241303,44.866958],[-75.228635,44.8679],[-75.218548,44.87554],[-75.203012,44.877548],[-75.142958,44.900237],[-75.133977,44.911838],[-75.105162,44.921193],[-75.096659,44.927067],[-75.066245,44.930174],[-75.059966,44.93457],[-75.027125,44.946568],[-75.005155,44.958402],[-74.999655,44.965921],[-74.99927,44.971638],[-74.992756,44.977449],[-74.972463,44.983402],[-74.907956,44.983359],[-74.900733,44.992754],[-74.887837,45.000046],[-74.861927,45.002771],[-74.834669,45.014683],[-74.826578,45.01585],[-74.799434,45.009132],[-74.793148,45.004647],[-74.768749,45.003893],[-74.760215,44.994946],[-74.74464,44.990577],[-74.731301,44.990422],[-74.722574,44.998062],[-74.702018,45.003322],[-74.683973,44.99969],[-74.667338,45.001648],[-74.661478,44.999592],[-74.45753,44.997032],[-74.335184,44.991905],[-74.146814,44.9915],[-74.027392,44.995765]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"New York\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","contact":"<p>Director, New York Water Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 425 Jordan Rd<br> Troy, NY 12180<br> (518) 285-5695 <br> <a href=\"http://ny.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://ny.water.usgs.gov/\">http://ny.water.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Methods</li><li>Bankfull&nbsp;Discharge and Channel Characteristics of Streams in New York State</li><li>New Hydrologic&nbsp;Regions</li><li>Data Stratification</li><li>Comparison of New York State Equations to those Developed for Other Regions in the Northeast</li><li>Other Uses of Regional Curves</li><li>Limitations of Regional Curves</li><li>Summary</li><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendix 1. Characteristics of Streamflow-Gaging Stations Surveyed in New York State, 1999–2006</li><li>Appendix 2. Stream Classification and Bankfull-Channel Characteristics for Streamflow-Gaging Stations Surveyed in New York State,&nbsp;1999–2006</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d4e4b07f02db5dd759","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulvihill, Christiane I.","contributorId":31821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulvihill","given":"Christiane I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119 bbaldigo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":1234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry","email":"bbaldigo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Sarah J.","contributorId":72857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeKoskie, Douglas","contributorId":27751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeKoskie","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DuBois, Joel","contributorId":68177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuBois","given":"Joel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":97900,"text":"sim2907 - 2009 - Sidescan Sonar Imagery of the Escanaba Trough, Southern Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:53","indexId":"sim2907","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2907","title":"Sidescan Sonar Imagery of the Escanaba Trough, Southern Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California","docAbstract":"This map features sidescan imagery of the northern Escanaba (NESCA) site at the Escanaba Trough, southern Gorda Ridge, offshore northern California. The Escanaba Trough, a largely sediment-covered seafloor spreading center, contains at least six large massive sulfide deposits. It is a slow spreading center (2.5 cm/yr) with axial depths locally exceeding 3,300 m. Discrete igneous centers occur at 5- to 10-km intervals along this slow-spreading ridge. Basaltic magma intrudes the sediment fill of the axial valley, creating uplifted sediment hills, and, in some areas, erupts onto the sea floor. \r\n\r\nLarge massive sulfide deposits occur along the margins of the uplifted sediment hills. The only active hydrothermal system is located on Central Hill where 220 deg C fluids construct anhydrite chimneys on pyrrhotite-rich massive sulfide mounds (Campbell and others, 1994). Central Hill is bounded by both ridge-parallel basement faults and a concentric set of faults that rim the top of the hill and may be associated with sill intrusion. Central Hill was one of the primary drill sites for Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 169. \r\n\r\nThe sidescan sonar data (mosaics A, B, C, D) were collected aboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) research vessel Discoverer in the summer of 1996 with a 60-kHz system towed 100 to 200 m above the sea floor. Major faults and contacts are interpreted from the sidescan mosaics and 4.5-kHz seismic profiles collected simultaneously, as well as from previously conducted camera transects and submersible dives. The seismic profiles (lines 9, 11, 13) provide high-resolution subbottom structure and stratigraphy to a depth of about 50 m. \r\n\r\nIn the sidescan images (mosaics A, B, C, D), bright areas denote high-energy returns from hard reflectors such as volcanic flows, sulfide deposits, or seafloor scarps. Dark areas denote low-energy returns and generally signify relatively undisturbed surface sediment. The grid lines mark one-minute intervals of latitude and longitude. \r\n\r\nThe large sidescan sonar image (mosaic A) is centered on the NESCA igneous center. The spreading axis is flanked on either side by uplifted, sediment-covered terraces that show relatively continuous and undisturbed turbiditic sediment. These terraces bound the 4- to 5-km-wide neotectonic zone that is characterized by more closely spaced, small offset (<20 m) faults, volcanic flows (brightest area of backscatter), and areas where the seismic layering of the turbidites has been partially to completely disrupted by the intrusion of basaltic sills. \r\n\r\nThe most prominent bathymetric features are the three uplifted sediment hills: Central Hill, Southwest Hill, and an unnamed uplifted hill to the north. These features are interpreted to be uplifted above large-volume basaltic intrusions emplaced near the basalt/sediment interface. Southwest Hill is adjacent to the zone of most recent faulting. This hill no longer retains the circular shape of the other hills due to slumps (lines 9, 11), which may have failed along faults related to the most recent spreading. Central Hill is interpreted to be the most recently uplifted sediment hill based on the morphology of the hill and the presence of an active hydrothermal system. \r\n\r\nThe generally continuous area of volcanic basalt flow east of Central Hill appears as a distinct, bright sonar reflector stretching for approximately 6 km along axis (red contact on mosaic A). This flow may be related to the intrusion that is presumed to have uplifted Central Hill. Submersible observations indicate that lava flowed around the sediment hills and ponded against the eastern up-faulted turbidite-covered sediment terrace. Previously collected, deep-penetration seismic data indicate that the lavas overlie about 450 m of sediment (Morton and Fox, 1994). Late-stage emplacement of magma in the shallow subsurface beneath the exposed lava flow is interpreted to have domed the lava flow, forming the east-west-","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim2907","usgsCitation":"Ross, S.L., and Zierenberg, R.A., 2009, Sidescan Sonar Imagery of the Escanaba Trough, Southern Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2907, Map Sheet: 36 x 60 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2907.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 36 x 60 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_2907.jpg"},{"id":13074,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2907/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"25000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.56666666666666,40.81666666666667 ], [ -127.56666666666666,41.15 ], [ -127.38333333333334,41.15 ], [ -127.38333333333334,40.81666666666667 ], [ -127.56666666666666,40.81666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698342","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, Stephanie L. 0000-0003-1389-4405 sross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1389-4405","contributorId":1024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Stephanie","email":"sross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zierenberg, Robert A.","contributorId":91883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zierenberg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97877,"text":"sir20095153 - 2009 - Hydrogeology and Ground-Water Flow in the Opequon Creek Watershed area, Virginia and West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-05T12:10:33.414941","indexId":"sir20095153","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5153","title":"Hydrogeology and Ground-Water Flow in the Opequon Creek Watershed area, Virginia and West Virginia","docAbstract":"Due to increasing population and economic development in the northern Shenandoah Valley of Virginia and West Virginia, water availability has become a primary concern for water-resource managers in the region. To address these issues, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the West Virginia Department of Health and Human Services and the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, developed a numerical steady-state simulation of ground-water flow for the 1,013-square-kilometer Opequon Creek watershed area. The model was based on data aggregated for several recently completed and ongoing USGS hydrogeologic investigations conducted in Jefferson, Berkeley, and Morgan Counties in West Virginia and Clarke, Frederick, and Warren Counties in Virginia. A previous detailed hydrogeologic assessment of the watershed area of Hopewell Run (tributary to the Opequon Creek), which includes the USGS Leetown Science Center in Jefferson County, West Virginia, provided key understanding of ground-water flow processes in the aquifer.\r\n\r\nThe ground-water flow model developed for the Opequon Creek watershed area is a steady-state, three-layer representation of ground-water flow in the region. The primary objective of the simulation was to develop water budgets for average and drought hydrologic conditions. The simulation results can provide water managers with preliminary estimates on which water-resource decisions may be based.\r\n\r\nResults of the ground-water flow simulation of the Opequon Creek watershed area indicate that hydrogeologic concepts developed for the Hopewell Run watershed area can be extrapolated to the larger watershed model. Sensitivity analyses conducted as part of the current modeling effort and geographic information system analyses of spring location and yield reveal that thrust and cross-strike faults and low-permeability bedding, which provide structural and lithologic controls, respectively, on ground-water flow, must be incorporated into the model to develop a realistic simulation of ground-water flow in the larger Opequon Creek watershed area.\r\n\r\nIn the model, recharge for average hydrologic conditions was 689 m3/d/km2 (cubic meters per day per square kilometer) over the entire Opequon Creek watershed area. Mean and median measured base flows at the streamflow-gaging station on the Opequon Creek near Martinsburg, West Virginia, were 604,384 and 349,907 m3/d (cubic meters per day), respectively. The simulated base flow of 432,834 m3/d fell between the mean and median measured stream base flows for the station. Simulated base-flow yields for subwatersheds during average conditions ranged from 0 to 2,643 m3/d/km2, and the median for the entire Opequon Creek watershed area was 557 m3/d/km2.\r\n\r\nA drought was simulated by reducing model recharge by 40 percent, a rate that approximates the recharge during the prolonged 16-month drought that affected the region from November 1998 to February 2000. Mean and median measured streamflows for the Opequon Creek watershed area at the Martinsburg, West Virginia, streamflow-gaging station during the 1999 drought were 341,098 and 216,551 m3/d, respectively. The simulated drought base flow at the station of 252,356 m3/d is within the range of flows measured during the 1999 drought. Recharge was 413 m3/d/km2 over the entire watershed during the simulated drought, and was 388 m3/d/km2 at the gaging station. Simulated base-flow yields for drought conditions ranged from 0 to 1,865 m3/d/km2 and averaged 327 m3/d/km2 over the entire Opequon Creek watershed.\r\n\r\nWater budgets developed from the simulation results indicate a substantial component of direct ground-water discharge to the Potomac River. This phenomenon had long been suspected but had not been quantified. During average conditions, approximately 564,176 m3/d of base flow discharges to the Potomac River. An additional 124,379 m3/d of ground water is also estimated to discharge directly to the Potomac River and rep","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095153","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the West Virginia Department of Health and Human Services and the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Kozar, M.D., and Weary, D.J., 2009, Hydrogeology and Ground-Water Flow in the Opequon Creek Watershed area, Virginia and West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5153, vi, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095153.","productDescription":"vi, 63 p.","temporalStart":"1998-11-01","temporalEnd":"2000-02-28","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118456,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5153.jpg"},{"id":13052,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5153/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627839","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kozar, Mark D. 0000-0001-7755-7657 mdkozar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7755-7657","contributorId":1963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozar","given":"Mark","email":"mdkozar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weary, David J. 0000-0002-6115-6397 dweary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-6397","contributorId":545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weary","given":"David","email":"dweary@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97851,"text":"sir20095191 - 2009 - Simulation of streamflow and water quality in the Leon Creek watershed, Bexar County, Texas, 1997-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-17T09:37:03","indexId":"sir20095191","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5191","title":"Simulation of streamflow and water quality in the Leon Creek watershed, Bexar County, Texas, 1997-2004","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the San Antonio River Authority, configured, calibrated, and tested a Hydrological Simulation Program ? FORTRAN watershed model for the approximately 238-square-mile Leon Creek watershed in Bexar County, Texas, and used the model to simulate streamflow and water quality (focusing on loads and yields of selected constituents). Streamflow in the model was calibrated and tested with available data from five U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations for 1997-2004. Simulated streamflow volumes closely matched measured streamflow volumes at all streamflow-gaging stations. Total simulated streamflow volumes were within 10 percent of measured values. Streamflow volumes are greatly influenced by large storms. Two months that included major floods accounted for about 50 percent of all the streamflow measured at the most downstream gaging station during 1997-2004. \n\nWater-quality properties and constituents (water temperature, dissolved oxygen, suspended sediment, dissolved ammonia nitrogen, dissolved nitrate nitrogen, and dissolved and total lead and zinc) in the model were calibrated using available data from 13 sites in and near the Leon Creek watershed for varying periods of record during 1992-2005. Average simulated daily mean water temperature and dissolved oxygen at the most downstream gaging station during 1997-2000 were within 1 percent of average measured daily mean water temperature and dissolved oxygen. Simulated suspended-sediment load at the most downstream gaging station during 2001-04 (excluding July 2002 because of major storms) was 77,700 tons compared with 74,600 tons estimated from a streamflow-load regression relation (coefficient of determination = .869). Simulated concentrations of dissolved ammonia nitrogen and dissolved nitrate nitrogen closely matched measured concentrations after calibration. At the most downstream gaging station, average simulated monthly mean concentrations of dissolved ammonia and nitrate concentrations during 1997-2004 were 0.03 and 0.37 milligram per liter, respectively. For the most downstream station, the measured and simulated concentrations of dissolved and total lead and zinc for stormflows during 1993-97 after calibration do not match particularly closely. For base-flow conditions during 1997-2004 at the most downstream station, the simulated/measured match is better. For example, median simulated concentration of total lead (for 2,041 days) was 0.96 microgram per liter, and median measured concentration (for nine samples) of total lead was 1.0 microgram per liter. \n\nTo demonstrate an application of the Leon Creek watershed model, streamflow constituent loads and yields for suspended sediment, dissolved nitrate nitrogen, and total lead were simulated at the mouth of Leon Creek (outlet of the watershed) for 1997-2004. The average suspended-sediment load was 51,800 tons per year. The average suspended-sediment yield was 0.34 ton per acre per year. The average load of dissolved nitrate at the outlet of the watershed was 802 tons per year. The corresponding yield was 10.5 pounds per acre per year. The average load of lead at the outlet was 3,900 pounds per year. The average lead yield was 0.026 pound per acre per year.\n\nThe degree to which available rainfall data represent actual rainfall is potentially the most serious source of measurement error associated with the Leon Creek model. Major storms contribute most of the streamflow loads for certain constituents. For example, the three largest stormflows contributed about 64 percent of the entire suspended-sediment load at the most downstream station during 1997-2004.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095191","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the San Antonio River Authority","usgsCitation":"Ockerman, D.J., and Roussel, M.C., 2009, Simulation of streamflow and water quality in the Leon Creek watershed, Bexar County, Texas, 1997-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5191, vi, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095191.","productDescription":"vi, 51 p.","temporalStart":"1997-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5191.jpg"},{"id":13026,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5191/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Bexar","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.83333333333333,29.166666666666668 ], [ -98.83333333333333,29.75 ], [ -98,29.75 ], [ -98,29.166666666666668 ], [ -98.83333333333333,29.166666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698358","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ockerman, Darwin J. 0000-0003-1958-1688 ockerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-1688","contributorId":1579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ockerman","given":"Darwin","email":"ockerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roussel, Meghan C. mroussel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roussel","given":"Meghan","email":"mroussel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97854,"text":"ofr20091148 - 2009 - Groundwater, surface–water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona—2007-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-31T21:21:13.416031","indexId":"ofr20091148","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1148","title":"Groundwater, surface–water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona—2007-2008","docAbstract":"The N aquifer is an extensive aquifer and the primary source of groundwater in the 5,400-square-mile Black Mesa area in northeastern Arizona. Availability of water is an important issue in northeastern Arizona because of continued water requirements for industrial and municipal use by a growing population and because of low precipitation in the arid climate of the Black Mesa area, which is typically about 6 to 14 inches per year. \r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey water-monitoring program in the Black Mesa area began in 1971 and provides information about the long-term effects of groundwater withdrawals from the N aquifer for industrial and municipal uses. This report presents results of data collected as part of the monitoring program in the Black Mesa area from January 2007 to September 2008. The monitoring program includes measurements of (1) groundwater withdrawals, (2) groundwater levels, (3) spring discharge, (4) surface-water discharge, and (5) groundwater chemistry. \r\n\r\nIn 2007, total groundwater withdrawals were 4,270 acre-feet, industrial withdrawals were 1,170 acre-ft, and municipal withdrawals were 3,100 acre-ft. Total withdrawals during 2007 were about 41 percent less than total withdrawals in 2005. From 2006 to 2007, however, total withdrawals increased by 4 percent, industrial withdrawals decreased by approximately 2 percent, and total municipal withdrawals increased by 7 percent. \r\n\r\nFrom 2007 to 2008, annually measured water levels in the Black Mesa area declined in 6 of 11 wells measured in the unconfined areas of the N aquifer, and the median change was -0.2 feet. Water levels declined in 9 of 18 wells measured in the confined area of the aquifer. The median change for the confined area of the aquifer was -0.2 feet. From the prestress period (prior to 1965) to 2008, the median water-level change for 33 wells in both the confined and unconfined area was -12.9 feet. Median water-level changes were -1.0 feet for 15 wells measured in the unconfined areas and -33.2 feet for 18 wells measured in the confined area. \r\n\r\nSpring flow was measured at two springs in 2008. Flow decreased at both Moenkopi School Spring and Pasture Canyon Spring from previous years. Flow fluctuated during the period of record, but a decreasing trend was apparent. \r\n\r\nContinuous records of surface-water discharge in the Black Mesa area were collected from streamflow-gaging stations at the following sites: Moenkopi Wash at Moenkopi 09401260 (1976 to 2007), Dinnebito Wash near Sand Springs 09401110 (1993 to 2007), Polacca Wash near Second Mesa 09400568 (1994 to 2007), and Pasture Canyon Springs 09401265 (August 2004 to 2007). Median winter flows (November through February) of each water year were used as an index of the amount of groundwater discharge at the above-named sites. For the period of record of each streamflow-gaging station, the median winter flows have generally remained constant, which suggests no change in groundwater. The period of record is too short to determine if there is a trend at Pasture Canyon Spring. \r\n\r\nIn 2008, water samples collected from 6 wells and 2 springs in the Black Mesa area were analyzed for selected chemical constituents and the results compared with previous analyses. Concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate have varied at all 6 wells for the period of record, but neither increasing nor decreasing trends over time were found. Dissolved-solids, chloride, and sulfate concentrations increased at Moenkopi School Spring during the more than 12 years of record at that site. Concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate at Pasture Canyon Spring have not varied much since the early 1980s, and there is no trend in those data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091148","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Arizona Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Macy, J.P., 2009, Groundwater, surface–water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona—2007-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1148, vi, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091148.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1148.jpg"},{"id":13029,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1148/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388446,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87412.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Mesa area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.5,35.5 ], [ -111.5,37 ], [ -109.5,37 ], [ -109.5,35.5 ], [ -111.5,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a68e4b07f02db63b250","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macy, Jamie P. 0000-0003-3443-0079 jpmacy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3443-0079","contributorId":2173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macy","given":"Jamie","email":"jpmacy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97868,"text":"sir20095194 - 2009 - Capacitively Coupled Resistivity Survey of Selected Irrigation Canals Within the North Platte River Valley, Western Nebraska and Eastern Wyoming, 2004 and 2007-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:48","indexId":"sir20095194","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5194","title":"Capacitively Coupled Resistivity Survey of Selected Irrigation Canals Within the North Platte River Valley, Western Nebraska and Eastern Wyoming, 2004 and 2007-2009","docAbstract":"Due to water resources of portions of the North Platte River basin being designated as over-appropriated by the State of Nebraska Department of Natural Resources (DNR), the North Platte Natural Resources District (NPNRD), in cooperation with the DNR, is developing an Integrated Management Plan (IMP) for groundwater and surface water in the NPNRD. As part of the IMP, a three-dimensional numerical finite difference groundwater-flow model is being developed to evaluate the effectiveness of using leakage of water from selected irrigation canal systems to manage groundwater recharge. To determine the relative leakage potential of the upper 8 m of the selected irrigation canals within the North Platte River valley in western Nebraska and eastern Wyoming, the U.S. Geological Survey performed a land-based capacitively coupled (CC) resistivity survey along nearly 630 km of 13 canals and 2 laterals in 2004 and from 2007 to 2009. These 13 canals were selected from the 27 irrigation canals in the North Platte valley due to their location, size, irrigated area, and relation to the active North Platte valley flood plain and related paleochannels and terrace deposits where most of the saturated thickness in the alluvium exists. The resistivity data were then compared to continuous cores at 62 test holes down to a maximum depth of 8 m. Borehole electrical conductivity (EC) measurements at 36 of those test holes were done to correlate resistivity values with grain sizes in order to determine potential vertical leakage along the canals as recharge to the underlying alluvial aquifer. The data acquired in 2004, as well as the 25 test hole cores from 2004, are presented elsewhere. These data were reprocessed using the same updated processing and inversion algorithms used on the 2007 through 2009 datasets, providing a consistent and complete dataset for all collection periods. Thirty-seven test hole cores and borehole electrical conductivity measurements were acquired based on the 2008 data. This report presents comparisons between the CC resistivity data and results from the 37 test holes and includes all binned and inverted CC resistivity datasets from all four years as well as the EC log data for the 37 test holes acquired in 2008 and 2009. The information gained from these data can help State and local water managers and scientists better understand the characteristics of the shallow subsurface underlying the irrigation canals so that the water resources can be managed more effectively.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095194","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Platte Natural Resources District","usgsCitation":"Burton, B., Johnson, M., Vrabel, J., Imig, B.H., Payne, J., and Tompkins, R.E., 2009, Capacitively Coupled Resistivity Survey of Selected Irrigation Canals Within the North Platte River Valley, Western Nebraska and Eastern Wyoming, 2004 and 2007-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5194, Report: vi, 70 p.; Figure; Digital Data Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095194.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 70 p.; Figure; Digital Data Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":212,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5194.jpg"},{"id":13043,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5194/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.33333333333333,41.5 ], [ -104.33333333333333,42.333333333333336 ], [ -102.66666666666667,42.333333333333336 ], [ -102.66666666666667,41.5 ], [ -104.33333333333333,41.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f693a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vrabel, Joseph 0000-0002-8773-0764 jvrabel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8773-0764","contributorId":1577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vrabel","given":"Joseph","email":"jvrabel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Imig, Brian H.","contributorId":103376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imig","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Payne, Jason  0000-0003-4294-7924 jdpayne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-7924","contributorId":1062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"Jason ","email":"jdpayne@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tompkins, Ryan E.","contributorId":20851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tompkins","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":97846,"text":"ofr20091204 - 2009 - Distribution and Joint Fish-Tag Survival of Juvenile Chinook Salmon Migrating through the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, California, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:11","indexId":"ofr20091204","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1204","title":"Distribution and Joint Fish-Tag Survival of Juvenile Chinook Salmon Migrating through the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, California, 2008","docAbstract":"Acoustic telemetry was used to obtain the movement histories of 915 juvenile fall-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) through the lower San Joaquin River and Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, in 2008. Data were analyzed within a release-recapture framework to estimate survival, route distribution, and detection probabilities among three migration pathways through the Delta. The pathways included the primary route through the San Joaquin River and two less direct routes (Old River and Turner Cut). Strong inferences about survival were limited by premature tag failure, but estimates of fish distribution among migration routes should be unaffected by tag failure. Based on tag failure tests (N = 66 tags), we estimated that only 55-78 percent of the tags used in this study were still functioning when the last fish was detected exiting the study area 15 days after release. Due to premature tag failure, our 'survival' estimates represent the joint probability that both the tag and fish survived, not just survival of fish. Low estimates of fish-tag survival could have been caused by fish mortality or fish travel times that exceeded the life of the tag, but we were unable to differentiate between the two. Fish-tag survival through the Delta (from Durham Ferry to Chipps Island by all routes) ranged from 0.05 +or- 0.01 (SE) to 0.06 +or- 0.01 between the two weekly release groups. Among the three migration routes, fish that remained in the San Joaquin River exhibited the highest joint fish-tag survival (0.09 +or- 0.02) in both weeks, but only 22-33 percent of tagged fish used this route, depending on the week of release. Only 4-10 percent (depending on week) of tagged fish traveled through Turner Cut, but no tagged fish that used this route were detected exiting the Delta. Most fish (63-68 percent, depending on week of release) migrated through Old River, but fish-tag survival through this route (0.05 +or- 0.01) was only about one-half that of fish that remained in the San Joaquin River. Once tagged fish entered Old River, only fish collected at two large water conveyance projects and transported through the Delta by truck were detected exiting the Delta, suggesting that this route was the only successful migration pathway for fish that entered Old River. The rate of entrainment of tagged juvenile salmon into Old River was similar to the fraction of San Joaquin River discharge flowing into Old River, which averaged 63 percent but varied tidally and ranged from 33 to 100 percent daily. Although improvements in transmitter battery life are clearly needed, this information will help guide the development of future research and monitoring efforts in this system.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091204","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Technical Committee of the Vernalis Adaptive Management Plan and the San Joaquin River Group Authority","usgsCitation":"Holbrook, C., Perry, R.W., and Adams, N.S., 2009, Distribution and Joint Fish-Tag Survival of Juvenile Chinook Salmon Migrating through the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, California, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1204, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091204.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1204.jpg"},{"id":13019,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1204/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a272","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holbrook, Christopher M. 0000-0001-8203-6856 cholbrook@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8203-6856","contributorId":4198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holbrook","given":"Christopher M.","email":"cholbrook@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97845,"text":"sir20095156 - 2009 - Magnitude and Frequency of Rural Floods in the Southeastern United States, 2006: Volume 3, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-04T10:59:50.486185","indexId":"sir20095156","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5156","title":"Magnitude and Frequency of Rural Floods in the Southeastern United States, 2006: Volume 3, South Carolina","docAbstract":"A multistate approach was used to update methods for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in rural, ungaged basins in South Carolina, Georgia, and North Carolina that are not substantially affected by regulation, tidal fluctuations, or urban development. Annual peak-flow data through September 2006 were analyzed for 943 streamgaging stations having 10 or more years of data on rural streams in South Carolina, Georgia, North Carolina, and adjacent parts of Alabama, Florida, Tennessee, and Virginia. Flood-frequency estimates were computed for the 943 stations by fitting the logarithms of annual peak flows for each station to a Pearson Type III distribution. As part of the computation of flood-frequency estimates for the stations, a new value for the generalized skew coefficient was developed using a Bayesian generalized least-squares regression model. Additionally, basin characteristics for these stations were computed by using a geographical information system and automated computer algorithms.\r\n\r\nExploratory regression analyses using ordinary least-squares regression completed on the initial database of 943 gaged stations resulted in defining five hydrologic regions for South Carolina, Georgia, and North Carolina. Stations with drainage areas less than 1 square mile were removed from the database, and a procedure to examine for basin redundancy (based on drainage area and periods of record) also resulted in the removal of some stations from the regression database.\r\n\r\nRegional regression analysis, using generalized least-squares regression, was used to develop a set of predictive equations for estimating the 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent chance exceedance flows for rural ungaged basins in Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina. Flood-frequency estimates and basin characteristics for 828 streamgaging stations were combined to form the final database used in the regional regression analysis. The final predictive equations are all functions of drainage area and percentage of the drainage basin within each hydrologic region. Average errors of prediction for these regression equations range from 34.0 to 47.7 percent.\r\n\r\nPeak-flow records at 25 regulated stations were assessed to determine if a flood-frequency analysis was appropriate. Based on those assessments, flood-frequency estimates are provided for three regulated stations. Annual peak-flow data are provided for the regulated stations in an appendix.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095156","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Feaster, T., Gotvald, A.J., and Weaver, J., 2009, Magnitude and Frequency of Rural Floods in the Southeastern United States, 2006: Volume 3, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5156, Report: viii, 227 p.; 2 Oversized Figures; Downloadable Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095156.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 227 p.; 2 Oversized Figures; Downloadable Files","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126595,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5156.jpg"},{"id":416653,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235006","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5006","linkHelpText":"- <strong><em>The methods and statistics from SIR 2009–5156 have been updated in SIR 2023–5006.</em></strong>"},{"id":13018,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5156/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.5,30 ], [ -85.5,38.5 ], [ -74.5,38.5 ], [ -74.5,30 ], [ -85.5,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6494d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feaster, Toby D. 0000-0002-5626-5011 tfeaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5011","contributorId":1109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feaster","given":"Toby D.","email":"tfeaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gotvald, Anthony J. 0000-0002-9019-750X agotvald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9019-750X","contributorId":1970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gotvald","given":"Anthony","email":"agotvald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weaver, J. Curtis","contributorId":42260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"J. Curtis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97844,"text":"sir20095096 - 2009 - Variations in Withdrawal, Return Flow, and Consumptive Use of Water in Ohio and Indiana, with Selected Data from Wisconsin, 1999-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:46","indexId":"sir20095096","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5096","title":"Variations in Withdrawal, Return Flow, and Consumptive Use of Water in Ohio and Indiana, with Selected Data from Wisconsin, 1999-2004","docAbstract":"This report contains an analysis of water withdrawal and return-flow data for Ohio and withdrawal data for Indiana and Wisconsin to compute consumptive-use coefficients and to describe monthly variability of withdrawals and consumptive use. Concurrent data were available for most water-use categories from 1999 through 2004. Average monthly water withdrawals are discussed for a variety of water-use categories, and average water use per month is depicted graphically for Ohio, Indiana, and Wisconsin (public supply only).\r\n\r\nFor most water-use categories, the summer months were those of highest withdrawal and highest consumptive use. For public supply, average monthly withdrawals ranged from 1,380 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) (November) to 1,620 Mgal/d (July) in Ohio, 621 Mgal/d (December) to 816 Mgal/d (July) in Indiana, and 515 Mgal/d (December) to 694 Mgal/d (July) in Wisconsin. Ohio and Indiana thermoelectric facilities had large increases in average monthly withdrawals in the summer months (5,520 Mgal/d in March to 7,510 Mgal/d in August for Indiana; 7,380 Mgal/d in February to 10,040 Mgal/d in July for Ohio), possibly because of increased electricity production in the summer, a need for additional cooling-water withdrawals when intake-water temperature is high, or use of different types of cooling methods during different times of the year. Average industrial withdrawals ranged from 2,220 Mgal/d (December) to 2,620 Mgal/d (August) in Indiana and from 707 Mgal/d (January) to 787 Mgal/d (August) in Ohio. The Ohio and Indiana irrigation data showed that most withdrawals were in May through October for golf courses, nurseries, and crop irrigation. Commercial water withdrawals ranged from 30.4 Mgal/d (January) to 65.0 Mgal/d (September) in Indiana and from 23.2 Mgal/d (November) to 49.5 Mgal/d (August) in Ohio; commercial facilities that have high water demand in Ohio and Indiana are medical facilities, schools, amusement facilities, wildlife facilities, large stores, colleges, correctional institutions, and national security facilities. Monthly livestock withdrawals were constant for Ohio but were more variable in Indiana and depended on whether the livestock facility operated on a seasonal schedule. Aquaculture withdrawals appeared to correlate with growing seasons and with aeration of ponds during the winter months. Mining withdrawals - specifically, those for nonmetallic mining - tended to be highest in April and may be related to dewatering.\r\n\r\nConsumptive use and consumptive-use coefficients were computed by two principal methods in this study: the return-flow and withdrawal method (RW; Ohio only) and the winter-base-rate method (WBR; Ohio, Indiana and Wisconsin). The WBR method was not suitable for the thermoelectric, industrial, irrigation, livestock, aquaculture, and mining water-use categories. The RW method was not used for public-supply facilities. A third method, the Standard Industrial Classification code method (SIC), was used only for certain industrial facilities. The public-supply annual average consumptive-use coefficient derived by use of the WBR methods ranged from 6 to 8 percent among Ohio, Indiana, and Wisconsin; the summer average consumptive-use coefficient was considerably higher, ranging from 16 to 20 percent. The commercial annual consumptive-use coefficient for both Ohio and Indiana was 30 percent by the WBR method, which fell within the Ohio annual median (17 percent) and annual average (42 percent) by the RW method. Thermoelectric consumptive use differs greatly by the type of cooling the facility uses; the Ohio annual median consumptive-use coefficient (RW method) was 2 percent for all thermoelectric facilities and facilities with multiple types of cooling, but exclusively once-through-cooling facilities had a median of 0 percent and exclusively closed-loop-cooling facilities had a median of 25 percent. Industrial consumptive-use coefficients varied by type of industry, as reflected by SIC code","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095096","isbn":"9781411325081","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, K., 2009, Variations in Withdrawal, Return Flow, and Consumptive Use of Water in Ohio and Indiana, with Selected Data from Wisconsin, 1999-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5096, viii, 93 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095096.","productDescription":"viii, 93 p.","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":448,"text":"National Water Availability and Use Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5096.jpg"},{"id":13017,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5096/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100,35 ], [ -100,50 ], [ -70,50 ], [ -70,35 ], [ -100,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697d65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaffer, Kimberly H.","contributorId":98275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Kimberly H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97843,"text":"sir20095152 - 2009 - Hydrogeologic Framework of the Yakima River Basin Aquifer System, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"sir20095152","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5152","title":"Hydrogeologic Framework of the Yakima River Basin Aquifer System, Washington","docAbstract":"The Yakima River basin aquifer system underlies about 6,200 square miles in south-central Washington. The aquifer system consists of basin-fill deposits occurring in six structural-sedimentary basins, the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG), and generally older bedrock. The basin-fill deposits were divided into 19 hydrogeologic units, the CRBG was divided into three units separated by two interbed units, and the bedrock was divided into four units (the Paleozoic, the Mesozoic, the Tertiary, and the Quaternary bedrock units). The thickness of the basin-fill units and the depth to the top of each unit and interbed of the CRBG were mapped. Only the surficial extent of the bedrock units was mapped due to insufficient data. Average mapped thickness of the different units ranged from 10 to 600 feet.\r\n\r\nLateral hydraulic conductivity (Kh) of the units varies widely indicating the heterogeneity of the aquifer system. Average or effective Kh values of the water-producing zones of the basin-fill units are on the order of 1 to 800 ft/d and are about 1 to 10 ft/d for the CRBG units as a whole. Effective or average Kh values for the different rock types of the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Tertiary units appear to be about 0.0001 to 3 ft/d. The more permeable Quaternary bedrock unit may have Kh values that range from 1 to 7,000 ft/d. Vertical hydraulic conductivity (Kv) of the units is largely unknown. Kv values have been estimated to range from about 0.009 to 2 ft/d for the basin-fill units and Kv values for the clay-to-shale parts of the units may be as small as 10-10 to 10-7 ft/d. Reported Kv values for the CRBG units ranged from 4x10-7 to 4 ft/d.\r\n\r\nVariations in the concentrations of geochemical solutes and the concentrations and ratios of the isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon in groundwater provided information on the hydrogeologic framework and groundwater movement. Stable isotope ratios of water (deuterium and oxygen-18) indicated dispersed sources of groundwater recharge to the CRBG and basin-fill units and that the source of surface and groundwater is derived from atmospheric precipitation. The concentrations of dissolved methane were larger than could be attributable to atmospheric sources in more than 80 percent of wells with measured methane concentrations. The concentrations of the stable isotope of carbon-13 of methane were indicative of a thermogenic source of methane. Most of the occurrences of methane were at locations several miles distant from mapped structural fault features, suggesting the upward vertical movement of thermogenic methane from the underlying bedrock may be more widespread than previously assumed or there may be a more general occurrence of unmapped (buried) fault structures. Carbon and tritium isotope data and the concentrations of dissolved constituents indicate a complex groundwater flow system with multiple contributing zones to groundwater wells and relative groundwater residence time on the order of a few tens to many thousands of years.\r\n\r\nPotential mean annual recharge for water years 1950-2003 was estimated to be about 15.6 in. or 7,149 ft3/s (5.2 million acre-ft) and includes affects of human activities such as irrigation of croplands. If there had been no human activities (predevelopment conditions) during that time period, estimated recharge would have been about 11.9 in. or 5,450 ft3/s (3.9 million acre-ft). Estimated mean annual recharge ranges from virtually zero in the dry parts of the lower basin to more than 100 in. in the humid uplands, where annual precipitation is more than 120 in.\r\n\r\nGroundwater in the different hydrogeologic units occurs under perched, unconfined, semiconfined, and confined conditions. Groundwater moves from topographic highs in the uplands to topographic low areas along the streams. The flow system in the basin-fill units is compartmentalized due to topography and geologic structure. The flow system also is compartmentalized for the CRBG units but not to as large","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095152","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, Washington State Department of Ecology, and the Yakama Nation","usgsCitation":"Vaccaro, J.J., Jones, M., Ely, D., Keys, M.E., Olsen, T.D., Welch, W., and Cox, S., 2009, Hydrogeologic Framework of the Yakima River Basin Aquifer System, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5152, Report: x, 107 p.; 4 Plates; Figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095152.","productDescription":"Report: x, 107 p.; 4 Plates; Figures","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5152.jpg"},{"id":13016,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5152/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.58333333333333,45.916666666666664 ], [ -121.58333333333333,47.666666666666664 ], [ -119,47.666666666666664 ], [ -119,45.916666666666664 ], [ -121.58333333333333,45.916666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628ddc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaccaro, J. J.","contributorId":48173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaccaro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, M. A.","contributorId":37736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"M. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ely, D.M.","contributorId":33356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keys, M. E.","contributorId":69656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keys","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olsen, T. D.","contributorId":41463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Welch, W.B.","contributorId":53895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"W.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cox, S.E.","contributorId":66663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":97842,"text":"sir20095201 - 2009 - Ecological Requirements for Pallid Sturgeon Reproduction and Recruitment in the Lower Missouri River: A Research Synthesis 2005-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:49","indexId":"sir20095201","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5201","title":"Ecological Requirements for Pallid Sturgeon Reproduction and Recruitment in the Lower Missouri River: A Research Synthesis 2005-08","docAbstract":"This report provides a synthesis of results obtained between 2005 and 2008 from the Comprehensive Sturgeon Research Program, an interagency collaboration between the U.S. Geological Survey, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Missouri River Recovery - Integrated Science Program. The goal of the Comprehensive Sturgeon Research Program is to improve fundamental understanding of reproductive ecology of the pallid sturgeon with the intent that improved understanding will inform river and species management decisions. Specific objectives include:\r\n\r\n*Determining movement, habitat-use, and reproductive behavior of pallid sturgeon; \r\n*Understanding reproductive physiology of pallid sturgeon and relations to environmental conditions; \r\n*Determining origin, transport, and fate of drifting pallid sturgeon larvae, and evaluating bottlenecks for recruitment of early life stages; \r\n*Quantifying availability and dynamics of aquatic habitats needed by pallid sturgeon for all life stages; and \r\n*Managing databases, integrating understanding, and publishing relevant information into the public domain. \r\n \r\n\r\nManagement actions to increase reproductive success and survival of pallid sturgeon in the Lower Missouri River have been focused on flow regime, channel morphology, and propagation. Integration of 2005-08 Comprehensive Sturgeon Research Program research provides insight into linkages among flow regime, re-engineered channel morphology, and pallid sturgeon reproduction and survival.\r\n\r\nThe research approach of the Comprehensive Sturgeon Research Program integrates opportunistic field studies, field-based experiments, and controlled laboratory studies. The field study plan is designed to explore the role of flow regime and associated environmental cues using two complementary approaches. An upstream-downstream approach compares sturgeon reproductive behavior between an upstream section of the Lower Missouri River with highly altered flow regime to a downstream section that maintains much of its pre-regulation flow variability. The upstream section also has the potential for an experimental approach to compare reproductive behavior in years with pulsed flow modifications ('spring rises') to years without.\r\n\r\nThe reproductive cycle of the female sturgeon requires several years to progress through gonadal development, oocyte maturation, and spawning. Converging lines of evidence support the hypothesis that maturation and readiness to spawn in female sturgeon is cued many months before spawning. Information on reproductive readiness of shovelnose sturgeon indicates that sturgeon at different locations along the Lower Missouri River between St. Louis and Gavins Point Dam are all responding to the same early cue. Although not a perfect surrogate, the more abundant shovelnose sturgeon is morphologically, physiologically, and genetically similar to pallid sturgeon, and thereby provides a useful comparative model for the rarer species. Day length is the likely candidate to define a temporal spawning window. Within the spawning window, one or more additional, short-term, and specific cues may serve to signal ovulation and release of gametes. Of three potential spawning cues - water temperature, water discharge, and day of year - water temperature is the most likely proximate cue because of the fundamental physiological role temperature plays in sturgeon embryo development and survival, and the sensitivity of many fish hormones to temperature change. It also is possible that neither temperature nor discharge is cueing spawning; instead, reproductive behavior may result from the biological clock advancing an individual fish's readiness to spawn day after day through the spawning period until the right moment, independent of local environmental conditions. Separation of the individual effects of discharge events, water temperature, and other possible factors, such as proximity to male","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095201","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri River Recovery?Integrated Science Program U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Yankton, South Dakota","usgsCitation":"DeLonay, A.J., Jacobson, R.B., Papoulias, D.M., Simpkins, D.G., Wildhaber, M.L., Reuter, J.M., Bonnot, T.W., Chojnacki, K.A., Korschgen, C.E., Mestl, G.E., and Mac, M.J., 2009, Ecological Requirements for Pallid Sturgeon Reproduction and Recruitment in the Lower Missouri River: A Research Synthesis 2005-08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5201, viii, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095201.","productDescription":"viii, 60 p.","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5201.jpg"},{"id":13015,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5201/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117,34 ], [ -117,50 ], [ -87,50 ], [ -87,34 ], [ -117,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627cd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeLonay, Aaron J.","contributorId":53360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLonay","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Papoulias, Diana M. 0000-0002-5106-2469 dpapoulias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-2469","contributorId":2726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papoulias","given":"Diana","email":"dpapoulias@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simpkins, Darin G.","contributorId":10892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpkins","given":"Darin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wildhaber, Mark L. 0000-0002-6538-9083 mwildhaber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":1386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"Mark","email":"mwildhaber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reuter, Joanna M.","contributorId":50179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reuter","given":"Joanna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bonnot, Tom W.","contributorId":9131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonnot","given":"Tom","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chojnacki, Kimberly A. kchojnacki@usgs.gov","contributorId":1978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chojnacki","given":"Kimberly","email":"kchojnacki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Korschgen, Carl E.","contributorId":29354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korschgen","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mestl, Gerald E.","contributorId":49336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mestl","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":97841,"text":"sim3088 - 2009 - Geologic Setting and Hydrogeologic Units of the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T15:44:05","indexId":"sim3088","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3088","title":"Geologic Setting and Hydrogeologic Units of the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho","docAbstract":"The Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System (CPRAS) covers approximately 44,000 square miles of northeastern Oregon, southeastern Washington, and western Idaho. The area supports a $6 billion per year agricultural industry, leading the Nation in production of apples and nine other commodities (State of Washington Office of Financial Management, 2007; U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2007). Groundwater availability in the aquifers of the area is a critical water-resource management issue because the water demand for agriculture, economic development, and ecological needs is high. \r\n\r\nThe primary aquifers of the CPRAS are basalts of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) and overlying basin-fill sediments. Water-resources issues that have implications for future groundwater availability in the region include (1) widespread water-level declines associated with development of groundwater resources for irrigation and other uses, (2) reduction in base flow to rivers and associated effects on temperature and water quality, and (3) current and anticipated effects of global climate change on recharge, base flow, and ultimately, groundwater availability. \r\n\r\nAs part of a National Groundwater Resources Program, the U.S. Geological Survey began a study of the CPRAS in 2007 with the broad goals of (1) characterizing the hydrologic status of the system, (2) identifying trends in groundwater storage and use, and (3) quantifying groundwater availability. \r\n\r\nThe study approach includes documenting changes in the status of the system, quantifying the hydrologic budget for the system, updating the regional hydrogeologic framework, and developing a groundwater-flow simulation model for the system. The simulation model will be used to evaluate and test the conceptual model of the system and later to evaluate groundwater availability under alternative development and climate scenarios.\r\n\r\nThe objectives of this study were to update the hydrogeologic framework for the CPRAS using the available geologic mapping and well information and to develop a digital, three-dimensional hydrogeologic model that could be used as the basis of a groundwater-flow model. This report describes the principal geologic and hydrogeologic units of the CPRAS and geologic map and well data that were compiled as part of the study. The report also describes simplified regional hydrogeologic sections and unit extent maps that were used to conceptualize the framework prior to development of the digital 3-dimensional framework model.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3088","usgsCitation":"Kahle, S.C., Olsen, T.D., and Morgan, D.S., 2009, Geologic Setting and Hydrogeologic Units of the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3088, Map Sheet: 44 x 34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3088.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 44 x 34 inches","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3088.jpg"},{"id":13014,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3088/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123,44 ], [ -123,49 ], [ -115,49 ], [ -115,44 ], [ -123,44 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a83b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kahle, Sue C. 0000-0003-1262-4446 sckahle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1262-4446","contributorId":3096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahle","given":"Sue","email":"sckahle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, Theresa D. 0000-0003-4099-4057 tdolsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-4057","contributorId":1644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Theresa","email":"tdolsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, David S.","contributorId":73181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97838,"text":"sir20095081 - 2009 - Watershed Models for Decision Support for Inflows to Potholes Reservoir, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"sir20095081","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5081","title":"Watershed Models for Decision Support for Inflows to Potholes Reservoir, Washington","docAbstract":"A set of watershed models for four basins (Crab Creek, Rocky Ford Creek, Rocky Coulee, and Lind Coulee), draining into Potholes Reservoir in east-central Washington, was developed as part of a decision support system to aid the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, in managing water resources in east-central Washington State. The project is part of the U.S. Geological Survey and Bureau of Reclamation collaborative Watershed and River Systems Management Program. A conceptual model of hydrology is outlined for the study area that highlights the significant processes that are important to accurately simulate discharge under a wide range of conditions. The conceptual model identified the following factors as significant for accurate discharge simulations: (1) influence of frozen ground on peak discharge, (2) evaporation and ground-water flow as major pathways in the system, (3) channel losses, and (4) influence of irrigation practices on reducing or increasing discharge. \r\n\r\nThe Modular Modeling System was used to create a watershed model for the four study basins by combining standard Precipitation Runoff Modeling System modules with modified modules from a previous study and newly modified modules. The model proved unreliable in simulating peak-flow discharge because the index used to track frozen ground conditions was not reliable. Mean monthly and mean annual discharges were more reliable when simulated. Data from seven USGS streamflow-gaging stations were used to compare with simulated discharge for model calibration and evaluation. Mean annual differences between simulated and observed discharge varied from 1.2 to 13.8 percent for all stations used in the comparisons except one station on a regional ground-water discharge stream. Two thirds of the mean monthly percent differences between the simulated mean and the observed mean discharge for these six stations were between -20 and 240 percent, or in absolute terms, between -0.8 and 11 cubic feet per second. \r\n\r\nA graphical user interface was developed for the user to easily run the model, make runoff forecasts, and evaluate the results. The models; however, are not reliable for managing short-term operations because of their demonstrated inability to match individual storm peaks and individual monthly discharge values. Short-term forecasting may be improved with real-time monitoring of the extent of frozen ground and the snow-water equivalent in the basin. Despite the models unreliability for short-term runoff forecasts, they are useful in providing long-term, time-series discharge data where no observed data exist.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095081","collaboration":"A contribution of the Watershed and River Systems Management Program, a joint program of the U.S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Mastin, M.C., 2009, Watershed Models for Decision Support for Inflows to Potholes Reservoir, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5081, viii, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095081.","productDescription":"viii, 55 p.","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5081.jpg"},{"id":13011,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5081/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.58333333333333,46.916666666666664 ], [ -119.58333333333333,48 ], [ -117.75,48 ], [ -117.75,46.916666666666664 ], [ -119.58333333333333,46.916666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e26e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Mark C. 0000-0003-4018-7861 mcmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4018-7861","contributorId":1652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Mark","email":"mcmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97837,"text":"sir20095167 - 2009 - Methodology for Estimation of Flood Magnitude and Frequency for New Jersey Streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"sir20095167","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5167","title":"Methodology for Estimation of Flood Magnitude and Frequency for New Jersey Streams","docAbstract":"Methodologies were developed for estimating flood magnitudes at the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year recurrence intervals for unregulated or slightly regulated streams in New Jersey. Regression equations that incorporate basin characteristics were developed to estimate flood magnitude and frequency for streams throughout the State by use of a generalized least squares regression analysis. Relations between flood-frequency estimates based on streamflow-gaging-station discharge and basin characteristics were determined by multiple regression analysis, and weighted by effective years of record. The State was divided into five hydrologically similar regions to refine the regression equations. The regression analysis indicated that flood discharge, as determined by the streamflow-gaging-station annual peak flows, is related to the drainage area, main channel slope, percentage of lake and wetland areas in the basin, population density, and the flood-frequency region, at the 95-percent confidence level. The standard errors of estimate for the various recurrence-interval floods ranged from 48.1 to 62.7 percent.\r\n\r\nAnnual-maximum peak flows observed at streamflow-gaging stations through water year 2007 and basin characteristics determined using geographic information system techniques for 254 streamflow-gaging stations were used for the regression analysis. Drainage areas of the streamflow-gaging stations range from 0.18 to 779 mi2. Peak-flow data and basin characteristics for 191 streamflow-gaging stations located in New Jersey were used, along with peak-flow data for stations located in adjoining States, including 25 stations in Pennsylvania, 17 stations in New York, 16 stations in Delaware, and 5 stations in Maryland. Streamflow records for selected stations outside of New Jersey were included in the present study because hydrologic, physiographic, and geologic boundaries commonly extend beyond political boundaries.\r\n\r\nThe StreamStats web application was developed cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., and was designed for national implementation. This web application has been recently implemented for use in New Jersey. This program used in conjunction with a geographic information system provides the computation of values for selected basin characteristics, estimates of flood magnitudes and frequencies, and statistics for stream locations in New Jersey chosen by the user, whether the site is gaged or ungaged.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095167","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Watson, K.M., and Schopp, R.D., 2009, Methodology for Estimation of Flood Magnitude and Frequency for New Jersey Streams: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5167, vi, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095167.","productDescription":"vi, 52 p.","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5167.jpg"},{"id":13010,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5167/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76,38.75 ], [ -76,41.5 ], [ -73,41.5 ], [ -73,38.75 ], [ -76,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629f9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, Kara M. 0000-0002-2685-0260 kmwatson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2685-0260","contributorId":2134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Kara","email":"kmwatson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schopp, Robert D.","contributorId":10426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schopp","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97835,"text":"sir20085212 - 2009 - Integrated Geophysical Investigation of Preferential Flow Paths at the Former Tyson Valley Powder Farm near Eureka, Missouri, May 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:09","indexId":"sir20085212","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5212","title":"Integrated Geophysical Investigation of Preferential Flow Paths at the Former Tyson Valley Powder Farm near Eureka, Missouri, May 2006","docAbstract":"In May 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, conducted surface and borehole geophysical surveys at the former Tyson Valley Powder Farm near Eureka, Mo., to identify preferential pathways for potential contaminant transport along the bedrock surface and into dissolution-enhanced fractures. The Tyson Valley Powder Farm was formerly used as a munitions storage and disposal facility in the 1940s and 1950s, and the site at which the surveys were performed was a disposal area for munitions and waste solvents such as trichloroethylene and dichloroethylene. Direct-current resistivity and seismic refraction data were acquired on the surface; gamma, electromagnetic induction, and full waveform sonic logs were acquired in accessible boreholes. Through the combined interpretation of the seismic refraction tomographic and resistivity inversion results and borehole logs, inconsistencies in the bedrock surface were identified that may provide horizontal preferential flow paths for dense nonaqueous phase liquid contaminants. These results, interpreted and displayed in georeferenced three-dimensional space, should help to establish more effective monitoring and remediation strategies.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085212","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Kansas City District","usgsCitation":"Burton, B., Ball, L.B., Stanton, G.P., and Hobza, C.M., 2009, Integrated Geophysical Investigation of Preferential Flow Paths at the Former Tyson Valley Powder Farm near Eureka, Missouri, May 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5212, vi, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085212.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-05-01","temporalEnd":"2006-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":212,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5212.jpg"},{"id":13007,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5212/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e11c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, Lyndsay B. 0000-0002-6356-4693 lbball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693","contributorId":1138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lyndsay","email":"lbball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanton, Gregory P. 0000-0001-8622-0933 gstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-0933","contributorId":1583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Gregory","email":"gstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hobza, Christopher M. 0000-0002-6239-934X cmhobza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-934X","contributorId":2393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobza","given":"Christopher","email":"cmhobza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}